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C a p i t o l u l 5CONTRACTUL

5.1. Tipuri de CONTRACTE(Types of CONTRACTS)

Dintre multiplele i variatele tipuri de contracte ce se ncheie in cadrul activii comer internaional,

vom meniona cteva dintre cele mai des practicate:1. Contract de vnzare-cumprare (cuurmtoarele variante):

1. Sale-Purchase Contract:

- Contract pentru bunuri fungibile - Fungible Contract- Contract pentru bunuri nefungibile - Non-fungible Contract- Contract cu plat n numerar - Cash-Payment Contract- Contract cu plata pe credit - Credit-Payment Contract2. Contract comercial de garanie bancar 2. Commercial Banking Guarantee Contract3. Contract de factoring (contract derealizare a creanelor sub form de facturi)

3. Factoring Contract

4. Contract de forfeiting (contract pentru

finanare prin negocierea titlurilor de credit)

4. Forfeiting Contract

5. Contract de leasing (nchiriere) 5. Leasing Contract6. Contract de finanare pe termen lung 6. Lease-back Contract7. Contract de licen pentru brevet deinvenie

7. Licence Contract

8. Contract de transfer de know-how. 8. Know-how Contract9. Contract de mandat 9. Agent Contract10. Contract de comision 10. Commission Contract11. Contract de consignaie 11. Consignment Contract12. Contract de agency (corespunde ndreptul anglo-american celor de mandat

comercial i de comision, prevzute nsistemele de drept continental european)

12. Agency Contract

13. Contract de concesiune 13. Concession Contract14. Contract de franchising 14. Franchising Contract15. Contract de depozit 15. Warehousing Contract16. Contract de navlosire 16. Charter-Party17. Contract de transport feroviarinternaional

17. International Railways TransportContract

18. Contract de transport fluvialinternaional

18. International River Transport Contract

19. Contract de transport rutier

internaional

19. International Road Transport Contract

20. Contract de transport aerianinternaional

20. International Air Transport Contract

21. Contract de asigurare 21. Insurance Contract22. Contract de engineering (consultantehnic)

22. Engineering Contract

23. Contract de consulting 23. Consulting Contract24. Contract pentru obiective 24. Turn-key Project Contract

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5.2. Forma CONTRACTULUI DE VNZARE-CUMPRARE(The Form of the SALES CONTRACT)

Contractul de vnzare-cumprare, considerat ca un caz particular al contractului n sens general,reprezint documentul cel mai larg rspndit n cadrul relaiilor comerciale internaionale, ncheiat nspecial pentru vnzarea-cumprarea de obiecte de valoare mare sau mijlocie, mrfuri n cantiti mari,prestarea unor tipuri de servicii deosebite etc.

Ca form, acesta se prezint ca o succesiune de clauze (articole, prevederi) ntr-o ordine asupracreia prile semnatare au czut de acord; este de preferat ca aceast succesiune s urmreasc

derularea n practic a operaiunilor comerciale ncepnd cu definirea obligaiilor prilor i ncheind cuncetarea acestor obligaii.

Vom reda mai jos, n mod schematic, principalele clauze care constituie un proiect de contract devnzare-cumprare, care cu adaptrile i modificrile de rigoare, pot reprezenta o baz de pornire pentrudiferitele situaii ntlnite n practic.

Proiect de CONTRACT(CONTRACT Draft)

- Preambul, introducere, definiii, scopulcontractului

- Preamble, introduction, definition, scope ofthe contract

- Obiectul contractului - Subject matter of the contract

- Obligaiile vnztorului - Seller's obligations- Obligaiile cumprtorului - Buyer's obligations- Pre, costuri, tarife i probleme aferente - Price, costs, rates and related matters- Taxe i impozite - Fees and taxes- Condiii de plat; garanii bancare - Terms of payment; bank guarantees- Condiii de livrare - Trade terms- Termene de livrare - Delivery- Ambalare, marcare - Packing, marking- Asigurare - Insurance- Expediere i transport - Forwarding and shipping- Recepia mrfii (inspecie, probe,

verificare) i reclamaii

- Quality control (inspection, tests ,

check-up) and claims- Montaj, probe, punere n funciune - Erection, tests, start-up- Asisten tehnic, colarizarea personaluluioperativ al cumprtorului

- Technical assistance, instruction of Buyer'soperating personnel

- Probe de recepie, recepia obiectuluicontractului

- Acceptance tests, acceptance/commissioning of the object of thecontract

- Performane, garanii - Performances, guarantees- Reclamaii - Claims- Penalizri, despgubiri, bonificaii - Penalties, indemnities, bonuses- Anularea contractului - Cancellation of the contract

- Fora major - Force majeure- Arbitraj - Arbitration- Drepturi de proprietate, confidenialitate,restricii, protecie fa de teri, pstrareasecretului

- Property rights, confidential ity,restrictions, protection against third claims,secrecy agreement

- Prevederi diverse - Miscellanea- Dispoziii finale - Final dispositions- Anexe - Appendices/ Annexes

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5.3. Preambulul la CONTRACT(Preamble to CONTRACT)

De regul, un preambul la contract conine:-numrul contractului- locul i data ncheierii contractului;-prile contractante i adresa acestora.n practic, prile contractante vor fi denumite n concordan cu relaia dintre ele i/ sau obiectul

contractului astfel:

- VNZTOR-CUMPRTOR (Seller-Buyer) pentru a desemna prile semnatare ale contractelorde vnzare-cumprare de bunuri i servicii de orice fel.- EXPORTATOR-IMPORTATOR (Exporter-Importer) pentru a desemna prile semnatare alecontractelor de mare tonaj.- CONSTRUCTOR-BENEFICIAR (Constructor-Beneficiary) pentru a desemna prile semnatare alecontractelor pentru construcii industriale i civile, ci ferate, osele, instalaii portuare, lucrri iamenajri funciare, conducte etc.- LICENIATOR-UCENIAT (Licensor-Licensee) pentru a desemna prile n contractele de liceni care pot include pli pentru acordarea de licene (licence fees), redevene (royalties), cedarea decunotine tehnice (know-how), executarea unor lucrri de proiectare (engineering and design),asisten tehnic (technical assistance), servicii (service) etc.

- CONSULTANT-BENEFICIAR (Consultant-Beneficiary) pentru a desemna prile in domeniulactivitii de consulting, expertiz tehnic, etc.- PROPRIETAR-CONCESIONAR (Owner-Leaseholder) pentru a desemna partenerii n contractele

de nchiriere pentru terenuri, construcii, utilaj industrial i pentru construcii, scule, faciliti etc.- PROPRIETAR-CHIRIA (Landlord-Tenant) pentru a desemna partenerii n contractele de

nchiriere de spaii (premises/ sites), terenuri, cldiri, depozite, cheiuri, birouri, case etc.- ANGAJATOR-ANGAJAT (Employer-Employee) pentru a desemna partenerii n contractele

pentru angajarea forei de munc, necalificat sau calificat.

5.3.1 Modele de preambul la CONTRACTUL de vnzare-cumprare (Samples ofPreambles to the Sales CONTRACT)

1. Contract Nr..ncheiat la data de... ntre:Metav" S.A., Str. Speranei nr. 16, Bucureti, Romnia, Societate comercial, menionat mai jos

drept Vnztor", reprezentat de... i Lys Export-Import Company, menionat mai jos drept

Cumprtor", reprezentat de...

Contract No...Concluded on the date of... between:"Metav" S.A.,16 St. Speranei, Bucharest, Romania, a Trade Company, hereinafter referredto as the "Seller", represented by... and Lys Export-Import Company, hereinafter referred to asthe "Buyer", represented by...

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2. Contract Nr...

TEHNOFOREST, ntreprindere de comer exterior, Piaa Roselti nr. 4, Bucureti, n calitate deVnztor" vinde i Firma Cabot & Co. Ltd. 12, Oxford St. London, n calitate de Cumprtor", seangajeaz s preia i s plteasc n concordan cu condiiile prezentului contract urmtoarele mrfuri...

Contract No...TEHNOFOREST, Foreign Trade Company, 4 Piatza Rosetti;Bucharest, as "Sellers", sell and

Messrs. Cabot&Co. Ltd.12, OxfordSt. London, as "Buyers", undertake to take over and pay lor,in accordance with the terms and conditions of the present contract, the following goods:...

5.3.2. Formulri specifice preambululuila CONTRACTUL de vnzare-cumprare

(Specimen Sentences in Drawing up the Preamble to the Sales CONTRACT)1. Prezentul contract este ncheiat ntre... 1. This contract is made between...2. Subsemnaii... reprezentai de... i firma...reprezentat de...

2. The Undersigned... represented by and...Co. Ltd., represented by...

3. ...denumit/menionat mai jos drept

"Vnztori" i"... denumit/menionat mai josdrept "Cumprtori".

3. ...hereinafter called/ referred to as

"Sellers" and... hereinafter called/referred toas "Buyers"...

4. ...pe de o parte i... pe de alt parte 4. ...on the one part and... on the other part- au czut de acord asupra urmtoarelor... - have agreed the followings...- au ncheiat acest/ prezentul contractdup cum urmeaz/ prin care se cade deacord.../ n sensul c...

- have concluded this/ the presentcontract as follows/ whereby it is agreedas follows/ on the effect that...

5. Vnztorul/ Vnztorii a(u) vndut iCumprtorul/ Cumprtorii a(u)cumprat

5. The Seller(s) has/ have sold and theBuyer(s) has/ have bought

- C.I.F./F.O.B.... - C.I.F./F.O.B....

- n condiiile stipulate i sub rezervacondiiilor generale de vnzare confirmateaici

- on the terms and conditions set forth andsubject to the General Conditions of Saleendorsed hereon...

- urmtoarele mrfuri:... - the following goods:...

5.4. Obiectul CONTRACTULUI de vnzare-cumprare(The Object of the Sales CONTRACT)

Obiectul contractului (the object/ matter of the contract) include de obicei urmtoarele:-obligaiile prilor: vnztor-cumprtor etc. (parties' obligations)-descrierea mrfii (description of the goods)

-calitatea (quality)-specificaii (specifications)-cantitate (quantity)-ambalare (packing)-marcaj (marking)

Prezentm mai jos un model de obiect al contractului de vnzare-cumprare.Contract Nr....

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1. Obiectul contractului1.1. Vnztorul se oblig s livreze i Cumprtorul s preia livrarea i s plteasc,

n concordan cu condiiile prezentului contract, rulmenii de fabricaie romneascconform Anexei Nr. 1 ataat, prezentnd specificaiile, cantitile, preurile unitare itermenele de livrare, aceasta reprezentnd o parte integrant a prezentului contract.

Valoarea total a acestui contract este...1.2. Rulmenii vor fi furnizai sub marca URB.1.3. Obiectul acestui contract poate fi extins sau restrns pe durata sa, prin acordul reciproc al

prilor, exprimat n scris.1.4. Acest contract poate fi considerat ca sfrit:1.4.1.de oricare dintre pri, n orice moment, cu o prealabil notificare de 30 zile, exprimat n

scris, n cazul unei permanente nerespectri de ctre cealalt parte a condiiilor prezentului contract,numai dac aceast nerespectare nu a aprut ca urmare a unui caz de for major.

1.4.2. prin acord reciproc in orice moment, ntr-o asemenea situaie, mrfurile deja produse,existente n stoc la unitile productoare trebuie preluate de cumprtor n condiiile prezentuluicontract.

1.5. Marfa ce reprezint obiectul prezentului contract poate fi re-exportat de cumprtor doar ncazul unui acord anterior exprimat n scris de vnztor n acest sens. (Cumprtorul este consideratresponsabil pentru orice avarie care se produce prin nerespectarea acestor obligaii).

CONTRACT NO.1. Object of the contract

1.1. The Seller undertakes to deliver and the Buyer will take over and pay according tothe conditions of the present contract the bearings of Romanian manufacture as per attachedAppendix no. 1, showing specifications, quantities, unit prices and delivery times, which makean integral part of the present contract. The total value of this contract is...

1.2. The bearings will be supplied under the URB brand.

1.3. The object of this contract can be enlarged or restricted during its validity bymutual written consent of the parties.

1.4. This contract may be terminated:

1.4.1. by either party at any time by 30 days notice in writing in the event of the persistentfailure of the other to observe the terms of this contract unless such failure arises from forcemajeure.

1.4.2. by mutual consent at any time.

In such an event the goods already manufactured and existing in stock at the manufacturingfactories should be taken in charge by the Buyer in the conditions of the present contract.1.5. The goods making object of the present contract could be re-exported bythe Buyer only subject to the previous written agreement of the Seller to thiseffect. (The Buyer is held responsible for any damage arising from non-observing thisobligation).

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5.5. Clauza CALITATE(The QUALITY Clause)

Clauza Calitate, convenit de pri i stipulat n contract, include totalitatea proprietilor fizice,chimice, organoleptice etc., precum i datele sau calificativele etc. care identific sau individualizeazobiectul contractului, definindu-l. Ele trebuie s corespund practicii comerciale uzuale; exist o

multitudini de posibiliti de exprimare a clauzei Calitate n funcie de obiectul contractului (materiiprime, produse naturale, mrfuri manufacturate etc.).

Dintre acestea menionm:-conform catalogului (by catalogue) transmis de ofertant.-conform specificaiei (by specification) ntocmite de cumprtor sau devnztor.

-conform caietului de sarcini (by tender book) ntocmit de solicitani sau de un ter i utilizat n cazullicitaiilor internaionale (tender).-conform descrierii (by description) care este fcut de vnztor i include, in funcie de obiectulcontractului, forma (shape)/ dimensiunea (size)/ greutatea (weight)/ culoarea (colour)/ aspectul(aspect)/ caracteristici (characteristics)/ marca comercial (trade mark)/ calitatea produsului (brand)

etc.-conform mostrei (by sample)/ nu inferioar mostrei (up to the sample). In cazul acestei clauze,obiectul contractului trebuie s fie asemntor cu modelul (pattern), cartela de culori, nuana,dimensiunea (colour/ shade/ dimension card), proba (specimen), desenul (design), macheta (model),croiala (cut) etc. mostrei. In acest sens, ne putem referi la mostr ca:-prob martor (witness sample)-prob etalon (standard sample)-prob sigilat (sealed sample)-prob admis (accepted sample)-prob de referin (reference sample)

-conform tipului (to type). Se va face referire la un tip obinuit (ordinary quality/ type), un tip cunoscut

(like type), un tip uor de identificat (easy to identify type).-conform normei/ standardului (to norm/ standard); n cazul acestei clauze, obiectul contractului trebuies corespund unei norme cunoscute sau convenite de pri/ unui standard naional sau internaional.-conform contractului (to contract); aceast clauz se utilizeaz n cazul unor livrri pariale (partshipment) efectuate ca parte a unui contract de lung durat (long-term contract)/ a unui contract cadru(frame contract).-la vedere (at/ on sight); clauza se utilizeaz n cazul mrfii vndute n condiia vzut-plcut".-dup cum se prezint marfa (tel quel/ as the goods stand); aceast clauz este asemntoare celeianterioare; referina de calitate este nsi marfa.-cu condiia inspectrii mrfii (subject to inspection); n cazul acestei clauze cumprtorul mai nti vainspecta marfa, apoi va anuna decizia sa.

-marfa livrat de vnztor este acceptat de cumprtor sau returnat vnztorului (on sale or return)-cu condiia aprobrii de ctre cumprtor (on approval). Cumprtorul anun decizia de a preluamarfa numai dup primirea mrfii; aceast clauz este riscant pentru vnztor. O variant a sa esteclauza prin care marfa este livrat i depus n consignaie la cumprtor (consignment on approval)care o poate accepta sau returna.-de prob (on trial); n cazul acestei clauze se livreaz doar o anumit cantitate de marf care s fienecesar cumprtorului n vederea efecturii anumitor probe.-de calitate medie/ mijlocie (fair average quality - f.a.q.); calitate obinuit bun (good ordinary brand -g.o.b.); calitate vandabil (merchantable quality);grad/ calitateI, II, III (grade/ quality/1, II, III); fin(fine - F); foarte fin (finest - f.f.); extrafin (superfine - f.f.f.); pur (pure - p.); conform analizei (per

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analysis - p.a.) etc.; n cazul acestor clauze marfa trebuie s corespund unei caliti bine cunoscute pe oanumit pia sau ntr-un domeniu de activitate.

5.5.1. Negocierea clauzei de CALITATE (Negotiating theQUALITY Clause)

Mr. Fields: - Good morning. I am Howard Fields from Jordan Brothers, importers of textile products.

Mr. lonescu: - Good morning.Pleased to meet you. Do sit down. I hope you have received our patternbook.Mr. Fields: - Yes, we have, and we are particularly interested in some textiles made of pure cottonand silk. Can you give me - for the beginning - some more details on sample no. 212, 305 and 425?Mr. lonescu: - Yes, with pleasure; I see that you have selected the most attractive ones.Mr. Fields: - We want to extend our range of products, and we aro looking fornew shades and

designs, but only high quality goods.Mr. lonescu: - Go ahead!Mr. Fields: - Are these textiles guaranteed unshrinkable, colour-last and crease-resistant?Mr. lonescu: - Absolutely; moreover, I assure you that sample no. 212 which is made ofpure cotton is water-proof. I am sure that your clients will also enjoy its light shade which is in fashion

nowadays.Mr. Fields: - Yes, of course, but our Company would like to make sure ofall these characteristicsbefore purchasing extensively; may I suggest you send us a first dispatch on trial?Mr. lonescu: - That's a good idea; we'll do that before concluding our contract. Anyway, consideringthe quality of our goods, your purchase is a real bargain, believe me!

5.5.2 Modele de clauze referitoare la CALITATE(Samples of QUALITY Clauses)

1. Contract nr....

Descrierea mrfii: esturiCalitatea: conform mostrelor nr. 212; 305; 425.

Contract No....Description of goods: textilesQuality: as per samples No. 212; 305; 425.

2. Contract Nr....Rulmenii ce fac obiectul prezentului contract vor fi produi n conformitate cu standardele

internaionale ISO i/ sau cu standardele romneti din catalogul nr. 7185 privind rulmenii submarca URB.

Rulmenii vor fi preluai n ceea ce privete calitatea n conformitate cu prevederile standardelor

militare americane MIL-STp 105D la nivelurile medii de calitate stabilite prin consimmnt reciprocde ctre pri. n cazul n care nu se stabilesc asemenea nivele medii de calitate, vor fi aplicatecondiiile obinuite de export ale vnztorului.

Calitatea va fi atestat prin Certificatul de calitate emis de productori.

Contract No....The bearings making object of the present contract will be manufactured according to theinternational ISO standards and/ or Romanian standards; as per URB bearings catalogue no.7185.

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The bearings will be taken over as to quality according to the American MIL-STD-105 at the A.Q.L. established by mutual consent by the panies. In case such A.Q.L. are not established, theSeller's usual export conditions will be applied.The quality is attested by the Certificate of quality issued by the producers.

3. ContractNR.Descrierea mrfii: secarCalitate: Cerealele destinate pentru ncrcare trebuie s fie nevtmate i lipsite de orice miros

strin. Greutate natural... kg la hectolitru.Adaos de impuriti... la sut, incluznd pmnt pn la...%

Contract No....Description of goods: ryeQuality: The grain intended for shipment must be in sound condition and freefrom any foreignsmell. Natural weight... kilos per hectolitre.Admixture of foreign substances... per cent, including din up to... p.c.

5.5.3. Formulri folosite n redactarea clauzei CALITATE(Specimen Sentences in QUALITY Clauses)

1. Marfa vndut conform prezentuluicontract trebuie s corespund urmtoarelorspecificaii...

1. The goods sold under the present contractshall be of the following specofications.

2. Marfa trebuie s fie conform mostreloraprobate de Cumprtor.

2. The goods should be as per samplesappproved by Buyer.

3. Calitatea mrfii din prezentul contracttrebuie s fie pe deplin n conformitate fie custandardele de Stat existente n Romnia, fie

cu condiiile tehnice n vigoare la uzinaproductoare.

3. The quality of the goods under the presentcontract shall be in full conformity eitherwith the State standards existing in Romania

or with the technical conditions ruling at themanufacturing work.4. Marfa trebuie s corespund standardelordin ara vnztorului n ceea ce privetecalitatea, sortimentele i dimensiunile numaidac nu s-a prevzut altfel n prezentulcontract, iar vnztorii nu sunt rspunztori pentru deteriorarea mrfii dup transferulriscurilor.

4. Goods have to meet the standards of theSellerscountry, as far as quality,assortments and sizes are concerned, unlessotherwise provided in the present contractand the Sellers are not responsible fordeterioration of goods after the transfer ofrisks.

5. Materialul folosit pentru confecionare saumarfa inclus n prezentul contract trebuie

s corespund standardelor din aravnztorului dac nu s-a convenit altfel dectre pri.

5. The material usedfor the performance ofthe goods included in this contract should

meet the standards of the Sellers countryunless otherwise agreed by the parties.

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5.6. Clauza CANTITATE(The QUANTITY Clause)

Clauza Cantitate inclus n contractul de vnzare-cumprare se exprim, n funcie de caracteristicilemrfii, prin:

A. numrul de buci (number of pieces)-uniti de greutate exprimate n:

- grame (grams)

- kilograme (kilograms)- tone - lungi (long tons)

-scurte (short tons)-metrice (metric tons)

-uncii (ounces -oz.)-livre (pounds - lb)-greutate de 112 livre (long hundredweights - cwt) sau de 100 livre (shorthundredweight - sh.cwt.)

-uniti de lungime (units ol length) exprimate n:- milimetri (millimeters)- centimetri (centimeters)

-metri (meters)-inci (inches - in.)-picioare (fej't - ft.)-iarzi (yards - yd.)

-uniti de suprafa (units of area/ surface) exprimate n:-centimetri ptrai (square centimeters - sq.cm.)-metri ptrai (square meters - sq.m)-inci ptrai (square inches - sq.in.)-picioare ptrate (square feet - sq.ft.)-iarzi ptrai (square yards - sq.yd.)

-uniti de volum (units of volume) exprimate n:

-metri coi (cubic meters - cu.m.)-inci cubici (cubic inches - cu.in.)-picioare cubice (cubic feet - cu.ft.)-iarzi cubici (cubic yards - cu.yd.)- standarzi (standards)

-uniti de capacitate (units of capacity) exprimate n:- galloni (gallons - gal.)-sferturi de galon (quarts - qt.)-pinte (pints - pt.)

-diferite alte uniti tehnice de msur.B. limita inferioar i superioar, cnd cantitatea total nu este definit, ca n cazul

mrfurilor vndute n vrac (in bulk).C. unele uniti de msur tradiionale, nc n vigoare, precum:-balotul (the bale)-sacul (the sack) . .-punga (the bag)-bidonul (the drum)-damigeana (the demijohn)-barilul (the barrel)-buelul (aprox. bania) (the bushel) etc....

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5.6.1. Negocierea clauzei de CANTITATE(Negotiating the QUANTITY Clause)

Mr. Brown: - Good morning, Mr. Pop.Mr. Pop: - Good morning, I am pleased to meet you again here at our company.Mr. Brown: - May I introduce my new assistant, Mr..Gibson?Mr. Gibson: - How do you do?

Mr. Pop: - Is this your firsttrip to Bucharest, Mr. Gibson?Mr. Gibson: - Yes, I am visiting Bucharest for the first time.Mr. Pop: - Well, in this case, this is a good opportunity to welcome you in our offices.Mr. Brown: - We take advantage of our visit to Romania to discuss over some clauses in

the draft contract between your company and our firm. First, we should liketo know if you can deliver the quantities we need; they are rather large, weadmit.

Mr. Pop: - Yes, you are right. As far as I know, you are interested in purchasing kitchencupboards - 250 pieces and folding chairs - 2000 pieces; I think there is noproblem as regards the cuboards, but the folding chairs can be deliveredonly in two or three separate lots; we have not such a large quantity in stock at

present.Mr. Brown: - How many pieces can you deliver from stock?Mr. Pop: - 1000 pieces for the beginning and the rest of the merchandise in two

separate lots of 500 pieces each.Mr. Brown: - I thinkthis would suit us, but I have to inform the General Manager of my

firm about it before taking a final decision.Mr. Gibson: - We have seen in your exhibition a very beautiful furniture: a dining room

suite .Chippendale" 301. If you have it available, we should be interested inpurchaising 15 suites.

Mr. Pop: - Well, you see, beingperiod furniture this is only a prototype, but if youare determined to buy it, we can produce the number of pieces you want; it

will not last longer than 6 months.Mr. Gibson: - That's very interesting; we shall discuss your conditions with our GeneralManager. Our talk was very useful indeed; we shall resume it tomorrow. Doesit suit you?

Mr. Pop: - Of course; I'll be waiting for you tomorrow at 12 o'clock.

5.6.2. Modele de clauze referitoare la CANTITATE(Samples of QUANTITY Clauses)

1. Contract Nr....Descrierea mrfii: 1. dulapuri de buctrie

2. scaune pliante3. garnituri de sufragerie Chippendale" 301

Cantitate: pentru 1. - 250 bucipentru 2. - 2000 bucipentru 3. -15 garnituri

Vnztorul va procura i va livra cumprtorului mrfurile specificate conform anexelor la prezentulcontract.

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Contract No....Description of goods;1.kitchen cupboards2.folding chairs3.dining-room suites "Chippendale" 301

Quantity:for 1. 250 nos

for 2. 2000 nosfor3. 15 suitiesThe Sellers should produce and deliver to the Buyers the goods specified in the enclosures to thiscontract.

2. Contract Nr....

Denumirea mrfii: lnCantitate: 2000 baloturi a 100 kg fiecare.Greutatea va fi stabilit n portul de descrcare, 10% umiditate va fi admis la greutatea absolut uscat.

Contract No....Description of goods: woolQuantify: 2,000 hulas of 100 kgs eachWeights to be established at the port of discharge, 10 p.c. moisture being added to absolute dryweight.

3.Contract Nr....Descrierea mrfii: secarCantitate: 3000 tone metrice, 10% n plus sau n minus, la alegerea vnztorilor, in vrac.

Contract No....

Description of goods: ryeQuantity: 3000 metric tons, 10 per cent more or less, at the Seller's option in bulk.

4.Contract Nr....Denumirea mrfii: rulmeniCantitile menionate n Anexa nr. 1 urmeaz a fi considerate ca fiind buci.Rulmenii vor fi preluai din punct de vedere al cantitii conform listelor de colisaj i a documentelor detransport.Vnztorii sunt considerai rspunztori pentru cantitatea ambalat n fiecare unitate de ambalaj conformlistelor de colisaj.

Contract No....

Description of goods: bearingsThe quantities mentioned in the Appendix no. 1 are to be understood as pieces.The bearings shall be taken over as to quantity according to the packing listsp and the shippingdocuments.The Seller is held responsible for the quantity packed in each packing unit as per packing lists.

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5.6.3. Formulri folosite n redactarea clauzei referitoare la CANTITATE(Specimen Sentences in QUANTITY Clauses)

1. O toleran de 5% n plus sau n minus fade cantitatea contractului/ din cantitateaoricrui produs separat, sau specificaie seadmite vnztorului.

1. A margin of 5 per cent more or less on thecontract quantity/ on the quantity of anyseparate item or specification is to be allowedto the Sellers.

2. Cumprtorul va plti cantitatearealmente livrat (dac aceasta nu depete

limitele toleranei de mai sus).

2. Buyers shall pay for the quantity actuallysupplied (should this not exceed the limits of

the above margin).3. n cazul n care cantitatea livratdepete cantitatea contractului plustolerana admis, Cumprtorul poale saccepte ntreaga cantitate livrat, pltindpreul contractului.

3. Should the quantity supplied exceed thecontract quantity plus the allowed margin,Buyers are entitled to accept the wholequantity supplied, paying the contract price.

4. n cazul n care Cumprtorul nu acceptcantitatea n plus fa de tolerana admis, elnu are dreptul s resping aceast cantitatencrcat n plus, ci o va depozita ndepozitul lui, pe cheltuiala i riscul

Vnztorului.

4. Should the Buyers not accept the excessquantity over the allowed margin, they arenot allowed to reject this quantity shipped inexcess, but shall deposit it in theirwarehouse, at Sellers' risks and expense.

5. n cazul n care cantitatea livrat este subcantitatea contractului, ntr-o msur careeste mai mic dect tolerana admis,Cumprtorii nu au dreptul s respingmarfa, dar au dreptul la compensaiecorespunztoare, prin livrarea ulterioar acantitii lips (adic a celei sub cantitateacontractului minus tolerana).

5. Should the quantity supplied be below thecontract quantity to an extent that is less thanthe allowed margin, Buyers are not entitledto reject the goods, but are entitled to thecorresponding compensation, by means ofsubsequent delivery of the quantity foundshort (that is below the contract quantityminus the margin).

5.7. Clauza AMBALAJ(The PACKING Clause)

Clauza contractual referitoare la ambalaj conine stipulaii menite s asigure integritateacalitativ, cantitativ, comercial i tehnic (qualitative, quantitative, commercial and technical integrity) amrfurilor ce fac obiectul tranzaciei i care urmeaz a fi transportate de la locul unde au fost produse(produced) sau depozitate (warehoused) de vnztor la locul unde cumprtorul le va recepiona (placeof reception). n clauz se poate prevedea dreptul cumprtorului de a cere o livrare suplimentar(additional delivery) sau o nou livrare (replacement of goods) n cazul n care se va dovedi c marfa afost deteriorat (damaged) din cauza ambalrii necorespunztoare (due to inadequate packing).

Ambalarea se face n funcie de natura mrfii i de modul de transport i are funcia principal de a

proteja marfa. Distingem n formularea clauzei: ambalaj rezistent la transportul pe mare (seaworthypacking); ambalaj care protejeaz mpotriva umezelii (moisture-proof packing), ambalaj impermeabil(water-proof packing), ambalaj care protejeazmpotriva oxidrii (rust-proof packing), ambalaj care protejeaz mpotriva sustragerii (pilfer-proof packing), ambalaj neinflamabil (fire-proof packing).

Clauza mai poate stipula obinerea unui ambalaj cu o rezisten mare la manipulare neglijent(strong packing to resist rough handling).

O alt cerin n formularea clauzei este meninerea costului sczut (to save freight, to keep freightlow) i aceasta presupune alegerea unui ambalaj adecvat care s evite navlul mort (dead freight) i

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spaiul nefolosit (broken stowage). Materialul de ambalaj trebuie deci s fie ct mai uor (lightpacking), frl ns a periclita securitatea mrfii.

La formularea clauzei, se mai are n vedere dependena tipului de ambalaj dependena tipului deambalaj de posibilitile de ncrcare i descrcare n porturile de expediere i de destinaie. Astfel, sepoate prevedea ca ambalajul s fie prevzut cu mnere din frnghie pentru manipulare (carryinghandles made of rope), toarte (ears), n vederea facilitrii manipulrii sau ncrcrii/ descrcrii (tofacilitate handling or loading/ discharging).

n formularea clauzei ambalaj se vor avea n vedere reglementrile vamale din ara importatoare.

Dac taxele vamale se percep n funcie de valoarea mrfii (ad valorem duty), nu conteaz naturaambalajului. Dar n cazul taxelor vamale percepute dup greutatea mrfii sau dup volum, naturaambalajului prevzut n contract este esenial pentru costul tranzaciei.

n cazul taxelor dup greutate, se disting greutatea brut (gross weight) i greutatea neto (netweight).

n funcie de natura mrfii contractate i de modul de transport, se va stabili tipul de ambalaj imaterialul din care s fie confecionat.

Sacul(bag or sack) e fcut din iut (jute), textile (textile material), pnz (canvas burlap), cauciuc(rubber), sau din hrtie n mai multe straturi (ply-paper).

Balotul (bale) se acoper (is covered) sau se nvelete (is wrapped) n hrtie rezistent iimpermeabil de ambalaj (waterproof kraft paper).

Butoiul (barrel, cask, keg, firkin) este din lemn (wooden). Butoaiele sunt de regul rezistente lascurgerea coninutului (sift-proof) i cptuite (lined) cu substane chimice sau hrtie impermeabil(waterproof paper).

Cutia (box, chest) este din lemn (wood), carton (cardboard), carton ondulat (corrugated cardboard),placaj (plywood).

Bidonul(tin, can) este fcut din metal precum cositorul.Damigeana (carboy, demijohn) este fcut din sticl protejat de mpletitur (basketwork).Cutia de carton (carton) este din carton (cardboard), carton ondulat, (corrugated cardboard), carton

din paie (strawboard).Lada (case) este fcut din lemn (wood), ntrit cu benzi metalice (metal straps).Stelajul (erate) const dintr-un fund (bottom) i o ram cu diagonale (frame and diagonals).

Bidonul cilindric (drum) este din oel sau fier.Bidonaul(pail) este din metal, cu orificiu de scurgere (spout) i mner (handle).Borcanul(jar) este din sticl.n cadrul clauzei, se poate stipula ca n interior ambalajul s fie cptuit (coaffld) cu un strat de

vopsea sau ulei sau prevzut cu un nveli interior (lining) din meta (metamned), carton gudronat (tar paper),hrtie impermeabil (water-proof paper), sau s se prevad capitonarea (padding) sau introducerea derumegu (sawdust) sau tala (wood-wool, wood shavings).

5.7.1. Negocierea clauzei AMBALAJ(Negotiating the PACKING Clause)

Mr. Smith : - How do you do, I have come on behalf ofMessrs Brown & Co. Ltd. who havecontacted you for the delivery of cement and other building materials.I'd liketo deal with some details.

Manager: - How do you do. Glad to meet you. We assure you we shall do our best tocomply with your demands.

Mr. Smith : - I'll refer to some facts regarding packing. We'd rather have the cementshipped n paper sacks to save freight. The sacks must be laminated andrendered moisture-proof. Each sack should contain 1 cubic foot.

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Manager: - / have taken down all your demands. We'll contact our packers andeverything is done according to your requests. All these will be included thecontract form we shall send you for signing.

Mr. Smith : - Thank you. We hope to hear from you soon. Good-bye.Manager: - Good-bye

1. Obiectul contractului: ciment i materiale de constructVnztorul se angajeaz s ambaleze mrfurile n materiale de ambalaj adecvate corespunztor

mijloacelor de transport pentru a asigura integritatea cantitativ i calitativa a mrfurilor ce urmeaz afi expediate i transbordate.

Cimentul va fi ambalat n saci de hrtie kraft n 5 straturi laminate i rezisteni la umiditate.Fiecare sac va conine un volum de un picior cubic.

Object of the contract: cement and other building materials.The Seller undertakes to pack the goods in adequate packing materials suitable to themeans of transportation in order to ensure the quantitative and qualitative integrity of thegoods to be shipped and transshiped.

The cement should be packed in five-ply kraft paper sacks, laminated and renderedmoisture-proof.Each sack should contain one cubic foot.

2. Obiectul contractului: echipamenteMrfurile vor fi ambalate n lzi rezistente, adecvate transportului pe distan lung pe mare i pe uscat ipentru numeroase manipulri. Pentru a asigura securitatea mrfurilor pe timpul transportului pe mari distanei al depozitrii, nainte de ambalare se vor aplica pe mrfuri vopsele sau unsori anticorozive adecvate. nfiecare lad sau cutie vnztorul va nainta lista de colisaj i certificatul de fabricaie n dou exemplare, nsculee de plastic sigilate

Object ol the contract: equipmentsThe goods shall be packed in strong cases, suitable for long distance sea transportation,land transportation and numerous handlings. In order to ensure the safety of the goodsduring long distance transportation and storage, suitable anticorrosion paint or greaseshall be applied on the goods prior to the packing.In each case or box, the Seller shall provide the packing list and produc t certificate in twocopies, sealed in plastic pouch.

5.7.3. Formulri folosite n redactarea clauzei AMBALAJ

(Specimen Sentences in PACKING Clauses)1. Excavatorul va fi n ntregime ambalatntr-o lad cu ipci.

1. The excavator shall be completely crated.

2. Piesele de schimb i toate accesoriiletrebuie ambalate separai n cutii mai mici,care vor fi aezate n lada mare i fixate deaceasta.

2. The spare parts and all attachments shouldbe packed separately, in small boxes whichshould be accommodated inside the big caseand fastened to it.

3. Pentru protecie mpotriva umiditii,lzile trebuie cptuite cu metal.

3. As a protection against moisture damage,the cases must be metal-lined.

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4. Greutatea fiecrui balot nu va depi 300kg.

4. The weight of each bale should notexceed 300 kg.

5. Stelajele vor fi acoperite cu placaj intrite cu fii metalice.

5. The crates should be covered withplywood and reinforced with metal bands.

6. Drojdia va fi expediat n bidoane de oelcu o capacitate de 200 livre.

6. The yeast should be shipped in steeldrums having a capaci ty of 200 pounds.

7. Mrfurile vor fi ambalate corespunztorpentru a rezista att la transportul maritim

ct i la cel pe uscat i la transbordri.

7. The goods shall be properly packed towithstand both oversea and overland

transport as well as transshipment.8. Vnztorul va trebui s se asigure c sevor folosi exclusiv cercuri de oel pentrubutoaiele n care ne vei expedia mrfurile in nici un caz cercuri de lemn.

8. The Seller should make sure that steelhoops are exclusively used for the barrels inwhich you will ship our goods, and on noaccount wooden hoops.

9. Ambalarea se va face n cutii de lemnntrite cu fii metalice.

9. You shall pack in wooden casesreinforced in metal strapping.

10. Pentru a proteja contra stricciuniicauzate de umiditate, maina va fi uns cuulei.

10. For protection against moisture damage,you must have the machine sprayed with oil.

11. Pentru reducerea la minimum acheltuielilor de ambalare i transport, va finecesar s livrai mrfurile n cutii dincarton ondulat, fiecare coninnd cam 40livre. 16 asemenea cutii pot fi apoi stivuite ilegate cu benzi metalice ntr-un pachet.

11. For reducing packing and freight chargesto a minimum, you shall therefore supplythese goods in corrugated cardboard casescarrying about 40 lbs. each. 16 of such boxes can then be stacked and metal-strapped in one package.

12. Pentru a economisi navlul vei expediacimentul n saci de hrtie. Acetia trebuie sfie din hrtie kraft n 5 straturi. Fiiletrebuie laminate i fcute rezistente laumiditate.

12. To save freight you shall ship the cementin paper bags. These must consist of 5-plykraft paper. The sheets must b laminated andrendered moisture-proof.

13. Nu avem obiecii dac expediai n cutiidin plci fibrolemnoase compania navalurmnd s emit un conosament curat i sse abin s tampileze conosamentul cumeniunea ambalaj fragil".

13. We have no objection to your shippingin fibreboard boxes provided that thesteamship company issues a "clean" billof lading and refrains from stamping the""frail package" clause on the bill..

5.8. Clauza MARCAJ (The MARKING Clause)

Marcarea vizibil a ambalajelor e foarte important pentru manipularea mrfii n timpul ncrcrii,transbordrii sau descrcrii (handling of goods during loading, transshipment, unloading). Pentrumarcare se folosesc abloane (stencils), imprimri cufierul nroit (burning the marks into the wood),imprimri cu vopsea (paint), sau cerneal neradiabil (indelible ink). Se recomand marcarea a cel puindou laturi ale fiecrui ambalaj, sau (cnd nu e posibil) fixarea marcajului pe etichete din pnz de in(linen tags). La marcare se au n vedere att marcajele distinctive ale expeditorului (shipper's owndistinctive marks) ct i cele ale destinatarului (consignee's distinctive marks). Trebuie s se in cont ide cerinele de marcaj impuse de autoriti (official marks required by. authorities), cum ar fi greutateai dimensiunile (weight and dimensions). Marcajul poate consta din cifre (figures), litere (letters),desene (drawings).

n clauz se pot prevedea indicaii speciale i de atenionare (special directions and warnings).

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lat cteva exemple de indicaii speciale: Nu trntii (Do not drop); Nu depozitai n locuri umede(do not store in damp places); fragil (fragile); mnuii cu grij (handle with care); pstrai n loc rece(keep in cold place); lichide, nu basculai (liquids, do not tilt); maini, manipulai cu grij (machinery,handle with care); deschidei aici (open here); agai aici (sling here); stivuii departe de cazane (stowaway from boilers); cu partea aceasta n sus (this side up); partea de sus (top); nu folosii crlige (useno hooks).

5.8.1. Negocierea clauzei MARCAJ (Negotiating theMARKING Clause)

Mr. Brown: - Good morning. I've come on behalf of my company to discuss certain mattersreferring to our contract.

Manager: - Good morning. I'm ready to listen to you and assure you we'll do our bestto meet your requirements.

Mr. Brown: - In what marking is concerned I'd like to point out that all marking should bewritten in indelible ink to prevent obliterationby dirt or grease.

Manager: - We'll take care of that andput it down in the contract.Mr. Brown: - There are two more points I'd insist on.A special warning shall be written on each

bag; "Do not store in damp places, as the goods should be kept dry". Our country's

regulations also require that the country of origin should be clearly marked. So letshave the mark Made in Romania attached on each bag on a special linen tag.

Manager: - I've put down all these and when we draw up the contract for signing we'll takeinto account your requirements.

Mr. Brown: - Thank you, Sir. Good bye.

5.8.2. Modele de clauz referitoare la MARCAJ(Samples of MARKING Clauses)

Obiectul contractului: alimente

Urmtoarele se vor marca n englez pe fiecare sac cu cerneal neradiabil:a. Marcajul expeditoruluib.Numrul contractului i numrul de serie al mrfiic. Portul de destinaied.Greutatea brut i nete. Destinatarul i adresa saf. Ca indicaii speciale se vor meniona: Nu depozitai n locuri umede" i fabricat n

Romnia", care se vor ataa pe o etici teta special pe fiecare sac.Object of the contract: fooda.. Shipper's markb. Number ol contract and series number of the goods

c.Port of destinationd. Gross and net weighte.Consignee and his address.f. The special indications will be: "Do not store in damp places" and "Made in

Romania". The latter will be attached on a special tag on each bag.

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5.8.3. Formulri folosite n redactarea clauzei MARCAJ(Specimen Sentences in MARKING Clauses)

1. Marcajele de expediere se vor imprima cuabloane pe stelaje conform ilustraiei alturate.

1. Shipping marks to be stenciled on the cratesas shown in the enclosed illustration.

2. Marcajele de expediere, greutatea net ibrut i dimensiunile trebuie imprimate cu cel

puin 3 oii nlime pe partea exterioar alzilor.

2. The shipping marks, the net and gross weightand dimensions must be stenciled in letters at

least 3 inches high on the outside of the cases.

3. Locurile de agare pentru curele trebuiemarcate n culoarea roie pentru a atrage ateniadocherilor.

3. The hitching places for the slings should bemarked with red paint to attract the stevedores'atttention.

4. Pentru echipamentul fragil se vor marcaurmtoarele Manipulai cu grij, fragii".

4. For the fragile equipment the followingshould be marked "Handle with care, fragile".

5. Marcarea se va face ntr-un asemenea modnct s reziste condiiilor de vreme, ocurilor,manipulrii, depozitrii.

5. Marking shall be done in such a way as toresist weather conditions, shocks, handling,storing.

6. Cutiile trebuie marcate pe ambele pri. 6. Boxes shall be marked on both sides.

7. Marcajul de expediere nu trebuie n niciun caz aplicat direct pe pnza nfurat pe baloturi. n schimb, v rugam scoasei dou etichete de pnz pe fiecarebalot pentru marcaj.

7. The shipping marks must on no account beapplied directly on to the canvas surroundingthe bales. Instead, the sellers should have twolinen tags sewn to each bale for the marking.

8. Marcai cutiile cu Nu basculai" i Stivuiipe punte".

8. Mark all cases "Do not tilt" and "Stow ondeck".

9. Pentru marcaje i numere vnztorul se vaadresa expeditorilor notri.

9. For marks and numbers, the Sellersshall apply to our forwarders.

10. Marcajele i numerele vor fi indicateulterior.

10. Marks and numbers will follow later.

Clauza PRE(The PRICE Clause)

n contractele de vnzare internaional, preul se nscrie att pe unitatea de msur a mrfii (unitprice) ct i cu valoarea total (total price), exprimat n valuta convenit; el poate s apar i defalcat(split) pe categorii de livrri.

Preul este determinat prin contract fie direct(specificat n cifre exacte), fie prin referin. In acestal doilea caz, preul este determinabil, n sensul c se specific doar elementele care vor servi lacalcularea lui la o dat.ulterioar. Preul poate fi fix (fixed price) sau variabil (sliding price).

Preul contractului se scrie att n cifre ct i n litere, pentru evitarea oricrei confuzii, astfel: US $10,500 (ten thousand five hundred US dollars). El se exprim fie n valuta rii cumprtorului (Buyer'scurrency), fie n valuta rii vnztorului (Seller's currency), fie in valuta unei tere ri (third currency).Se poate calcula att pentru greutatea net ct i pentru greutatea brut.

Pentru a aprecia obligaiile reciproce ale prilor contractuale sau fa de autoriti sau tere pri,preul se asociaz cu unele calificative, astfel:

1.vmuit -duty paid2. nevmuit - duty unpaid

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3. inclusiv ambalajul - packageincluded .4. exclusiv ambalajul - package excluded5. cu ambalaj nereturnabil/ nerecuperabil - non return(able) package6. cu ambalaj returnabil n decurs de... - package returnable within... days7. cu taxele i cheltuielile de transport pltite - freight, charges and.expenses prepaid8. franco domiciliu - free/ franco domicile9. cheltuieli de transport pltite carriage paid

10. livrat franco delivered free to11. franco poarta cumprtorului - free consignees door12. gratuit free of charges13. livrat n / la - delivered in/at

5.9.1. Negocierea clauzei PRE(Negotiating the PRICE Clause)

Mr. Day: - Well, Mr. Popa, it seems to me we've come a long way, but there are stillsome contract amendments you'd like us to go into together.

Mr. Popa: - Yes. You see, most of it looks fine except for the price clause. First, I'm a bit

worried by thesliding price.Mr. Day: - Mr. Popa, I can assure you that this is just normal practice with the British

firms for a time of delivery of over 12 months.Mr. Popa: - Perhaps, but our German partners are now quoting fixed prices and I don't

think your american competitors would insist on it if we gave them the business.Mr. Day: - I don't know about them, but it may be acceptable, considering that this is

our first business with you. I'd only have to clear that with my boss first. Isthere anything else?

Mr. Popa: - Well, your prices are CIF Constana. We usually buy on an FOB basis. Ifthat's convenient to you, how much less would an FOB London price be?

Mr. Day: - Let me see. This would mean less work for us, and as you will be responsible for the

insurance of goods in transit, our costs will be lower. I'd soy about 5% less. Do youagree?

Mr. Popa: - Yes, it sounds reasonable. But let us consider the veryimportant question of discount.

Mr. Day: - I thought we had already agreed on 7 1/ 2% off our published price.Mr. Popa: - Let me remind you, Mr. Day, that 7 1/ 2% is for much smaller orders than ours. Given

our large order we'd expect 17% off list price.Mr. Day: - I'm afraid that's much too high. I can try to get you an 11 % quantity discount if you

agree to pay entirely in sterling, instead of 75% in sterling and 25% in commodities,under the buy-backclause. Would that be acceptable?

Mr. Popa: - Mmm. Yes. With oneproviso; that, if we placed any further orders within one year, theywould receive at least the same discount.

Mr. Day: - We don't usually make that kind of concession, but, since this is a very large order andyou are willing to renounce "the buy-back" clause... Mmm... I must phone my headoffice. If I did it now, we'd have an immediate answer.

Mr. Popa: - You're welcome to use the phone in the next office, Mr. Day... (Mr. Dayphones London, then returns to Mr. Popa's office.)

Mr. Day: - Then we are agreed, Mr. Popa. Let's make a note of all these amendments so that thefinal contract may be drawn up: FOB London, less 11 %, payment in sterling entirely.

Mr. Popa: - And no "sliding price".

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Mr. Day: - Right. We'll add the proviso that the agreed price will be heldfor one year, and willbe valid for all further orders placed within it.

Mr. Popa: - That's correct, Mr. Day, and thank you for myself and on behalf of my company.

Mr. Day: - Thank you, Mr. Popa. Good-bye.

5.9.2. Model de clauz referitoare la PRE

(Sample of a PRICE Clause)

Obiectul contractului: maini-unelte(Object of contract: machine-tools)

Stabilirea preurilor unitare convenite prin prezentul contract s-a fcut inndu-se seama de condiiade livrare menionat la pg. 1 a prezentului contract.

The unit prices in this contract have been agreed upon taking into account the delivery termsstated on page 1 of the contract.

Preul convenit prin contract este ferm i nu ponte suferi nici o modificare n curs de 1 an de la

ncheierea contractului; el rmne valabil penlru toate comenzile viitoare transmise n acest termen.The contract price is firm and not subject to any alterations within one year of the conclusion ofthe contract; it shall be valid lor all lurther orders placed I within it.

Preul contractului este calculat FOB Londra, pllibil integral n lire sterline, inclusiv; ambalajulpentru transport oceanic, marcajul, taxele de cheiaj i andocare, ndeplinirea"; formalitilor vamale,precum i taxele pentru folosirea macaralei, taxele de ncrcare,: descrcare i stivuire.

The contract price is understood FOB London, payable entirely in sterling,including seaworthy packing, marking, wharfage, and dock dues, customs

formalities, as well as cranage and stevedoring.

5.9.3. Formulri folosite n redactarea clauzei PRE(Specimen Sentences in PRICE Clauses)

1.Price is fixed in rubles and is to be understoodCIF Constantza, subject for Incoterms 1990...

1. Price is fixed in rubles and is to beunderstood CIF Constantza, subject torIncoterms 1990...

- inclusiv ambalajul i marcajul de export. - export packing and marking included.- exclusiv ambalajul. - exclusive of packing.2. Dac, dup ncheierea contractului, voraprea, din motive independente de voinavnztorului, creteri ale cheltuielilor de

transport avute n vedere la stabilireapreurilor unitare ale mrfurilor contractate,

2. If, after the conclusion of the contract,there should occur - beyond the Seller'scontrol - any increase in the transport

charges which were taken into account-when calculating the unit prices in thecontract,

- acestea vor majora corespunztor preulmrfurilor;

- such an increase shall entail aproportional rise in the price of the goods.

- vnztorul va fi ndreptit s cearrediscutarea preurilor, n vedereaadaptrii lor la noile condiii.

- the Sellers shall be entitled to request anew price negotiation with a view toadjusting it to the new conditions.

3. n situaia n care prile contractante nu pot 3. Should the parties fail to reach a written

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realiza un acord scris n termen de 30 de zile dela data la care vnztorul a cerut revizuireapreurilor, vnztorul este n drept s denunecontractul.

agreement regarding the price increase within30 days from the date when the Sellersrequested the price readjustment, the Seller isentitled to cancel the contract.

5.10.Clauza LIVRARE(The DELIVERY Clause)

n aceasta clauz contractual cei doi parteneri de afaceri, vnztorul (the Seller) icumprtorul (the Buyer), stabilesc (stipulate) obligaiile ce revin fiecruia dintre ei n privinacondiiilor de livrare (delivery terms), cu referire, de obicei, la INCOTERMS1.

Se convine asupra (they agree upon) termenului de livrare (delivery time/ date), in funcie de carelivrarea poate fi:

- livrare prompt - prompt delivery- din stoc - ex stock - din depozit - ex warehouse- din fabric - ex works- livrare la cerere - delivery on call

- livrare la termen fix - fixed time delivery- livrare la... - delivery on...

pn la... by...n intervalul within...

Prin raportarea termenului de livrare efectiv la cel stabilit ]n contract, livrarea poate fi:- livrare la timp - delivery in time- livrare anticipat - advance delivery/ delivery in advance- livrare cu ntrziere - late/ postponed delivery

n contract cele dou pri reglementeaz, de obicei, n ce condiii accept:- s modifice graficul de livrare - to modify/alter the schedule- s prelungeasc termenul de livare - to extend the time of delivery- s amne termenul de livrare - to postpone delivery- s urgenteze livrrile - to speed up deliveries

Se specific, de asemenea, dac livrarea cantitii contractuale se efectueaz integral, ntr-unsingur lot (complete delivery, one lot shipment/ delivery) sau ealonai (delivery by installments) i dacse accept livrrile pariale, n trane (part/ partial shipments).

Clauza Livrare mai cuprinde precizri referitoare la:- locul livrrii (place of delivery)-

transferul proprietii i al riscurilor de la vnztor la cumprtor (transfer ofproperty and risksfrom the Seller to the Buyer).- documentele doveditoare ale efecturii livrrii (evidence of delivery)- alte date n legtur cu livrarea mrfii i a documentaiei aferente.

INCOTERMSSetul de reguli internaionale pentru interpretarea termenilor comerciali, cunoscut sub denumirea

INCOTERMS, la care se face referire n clauza Livrare", a fost elaborat de Camera Internaional de

1 INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF TRADE TERMS (INCOTERMS INTERNATIONAL CHAMBEROF COMMERCE - PARIS, 1990

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Comer de la Paris i publicat pentru ntia oar n 1936; n docursul anilor s-au operat modificri (n anii1953, 1967. 1976, 1980 i 1990), pentru a reflecta schimbrile survenite n reglementrile comercialeinternaionale, n domeniul transportului, precum i n domeniul comunicaiilor.

n versiunea din 1990 termenii sunt grupai n patru categorii de baz:

GRUPA EExpediere

(Group EDeparture)

Franco fabric (Ex works) EXW

GRUPA F

T r a n s p o r tnepltit

(Group F

Main carriageunpaid)

Franco cru (Free carrier) FCA

Franco de-a lungulnavei

(Free along side Ship)FAS

Franco la bord (Free on board) FOBGRUPA CT r a n s p o r t

pltit

(Group CMain carriagepaid)

Cost i navlu (Cost and freight) CFR

Cost asigurare i navlu (Cost, InsuranceFreight) CIF

Fraht pltit pn la... Carriage paid to.CPT

Fraht i asigurare pltitepn la...

(Carriage and InsurancePaid to...) CIP

GRUPA DDestinaie

(Group DArrival)

Livrat la frontier Delivered At Frontier DAF

Livrat pe nav (Delivered Ex Ship) DESLivrat la chei (Delivered Ex Quay)

DEQLivrat taxe vamalenepltite

(Delivered Duty Unpaid)DDU

Livrat taxe vamalepltite

(Deliverred Duty paid)DDP

n versiunea din 1990, n cadrul fiecrei condiii de livrare sunt prezeniaie obligaiile vnztorului i alecumprtorului, lundu-se n considerare zece aspecte:

1. Livrarea mrfii conform contractului (Provision of goods in conformity contract); Plata(Payment);2. Licene, autorizaii i formaliti (Licences, authorisations and formalities);3. Contractul de transport i asigurare (Contract of carriage and insurance);4. Livrarea (Delivery);5. Transferul riscurilor (Transfer of risks);6. Repartizarea cheltuielilor (Division of costs);7. Avizarea cumprtorului/ vnztorului (Notice to the Buyer/ Seller);8. Dovada livrrii, documentul de transport sau mesajul electronic echivalent (Proof of delivery,transport document or equivalent electronic message);

9. Verificarea, ambalajul, marcarea (Checking, Packaging, Marking);Inspectarea mrfii (Inspection of goods);

10.Alte obligaii (Other obligations).

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n continuare sunt prezentate sintetic aspectele eseniale specifice fiecrei condiii de livrare.

CLAUSE ABREVIATION THE SELLER MUST: THE BUYER MUST:EX WORKS(EX FACTORY,EX MILL,EX WAREHOUSE,

EX PLANTATION,ETC)

EXW place the goods at thedisposal of the Buyer atthe named place ofdelivery, on the date or

within the periodstipulated in the contract

- bear all charges andrisks of loss of ordamage to the goodsfrom the time when

they have been placedat his disposal;

- provide at his ownexpense packaging; bear all the expenserelating to the goods untilthey have been placed atthe disposal of the Buyeras stipulated in the salescontract.

- pay all costs andcharges incurred inobtaining thedocuments which areissued in the countryof delivery;

FREE CARRIER ...

(named place)

FCA - deliver the goods into

the chnrrje ol thecarrier named by theBuyer ano bear all risksand expense until suchtime;

- contract for the

carriage and bear allrisks and expense fromthe time when thegoods have beendelivered to thecarrier;

FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP ...(named port ofshipment)

FAS - deliver the goodsalongside the vessel atthe loading berth namedby the Buyer;- bear all costs and risks

until the goods shall havebeen delivered;- provide at his ownexpense the packaging

- give the Seller duenotice of the vesselname loading berthanddelivery date to thevessel;

- bear all costs andrisks from the timewhen the goods shallhavebeen deliveredalongside the vessel;

FREE ON BOARD ...(named port ofshipment)

FOB - deliver the goods on board the vessel namedby the Buyer at the dateor within the periodstipulated;- bear all costs and risks

of loss of or damage tothe goods until they shalhave effectively passedthe ship's rail;- provide at his ownexpense the packaging;

- at his own expensecharter a vessel orreceive the necessaryspace on board avessel and givethe seller due notice;

- bear all costs andrisks of loss of ordamage to thegoods from the timewhen they shall haveeffectively passed theship's rail;

COST ANDFREIGHT

CFR contract at his ownexpense for the carriage

Receive the goods atagreed port of

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(named port of destination)

of the goods to theagreed port of destination and payfreight charges;

destination;

- load goods at hisown expense on board thevessel at the port ofshipment and notify the

Buyer;- bear all risks ofloss of or damage to thegoods until such time asthey shall have effectively passed the ships rail atthe port of shipment;- provide at hisown expense thecustomary packaging;

- bear all risks fromthe time when theyshall have effectively passed the ships rail

at the port of shipment;

COST, INSURANCE

AND FREIGHT(named port of destination)

CIF This term is the same as CFR but with the addition

that the Seller has to procure marine insuranceagainst the Buyers risk of loss of or damage to thegoods during the carriage. The Seller contracts forinsurance and pays the insurance premium.

FREIGHT/CARRIAGEPAID TO(namedpoint of destination0

CPT - contract for the carriageof goods and bear all risksuntil the goods have beendelivered into the custodyof the first carrier;

-receive the goods andpay the price with theexception of thefreight;

FREIGHT/CARRIAGEAND INSURANCE

PAID TO (namedpoint of destination)

CIP This term is the same as "Freight/carriage paidto" but with the addition that the Seller has to

procure transport insurance and pays the insurancepremium.

DELIVERED ATF R O N T I E R ...(named place of delivery at frontier)

DAF - at his own risk andexpense put the contractgoods at the disposal ofthe Buyer at the named place of delivery at thefrontier and at the sametime supply the buyerwith a customarydocument of transport

warehouse warrant, dockwarrant, delivery order, orthe like, as the case maybe;- bear all the risksof loss or damage to thegoods up to the timewhen he has fulfilled hisobligations;

- take delivery ofthe goods aas soon asthe Seller has duly putthem at his disposal atthe named place ofdelivery at the frontier;- bear alll risksof loss and damage tothe goods and pay any

expenses whatsoeverincurred in respectthereof includingcustoms duties, feesand charges from thetime when they have been duly put at hisdisposal;

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EX SHIP. (namedport of destination)

DES - place the goodseffectively at the disposalof the buyer on board thevessel at the usualunloading point at thenamed port;- bear all risks andexpense relating to the

goods until such time asthey shall have beeneffectively placed at thedisposal of the Buyer;- provide at hisown expense thecustomary packing of thegoods;

- take deliveryof the goods as soon asthey have been placedat his disposal;- bear all risksand expense relating tothe goods from thetime when they shall

have been effectivelyplaced at his disposal;- bear allexpense and chargesof customs duties andclearance, and all otherduties and taxespayable at the time or by reason of theunloading and/orimporting of the

goods;EX QUAY (dutypaidnamed port)

DEQ - place the goods atthe disposal of the Buyeron the warf of quay at theagreed port and on thedate stipulated in thecontract;- bear all risks andexpense relating to thegoods until such time asthey shall have been

effectively placed at thedisposal of the Buyer;- at his own expenseprovide the delivery orderand/on any other documents which theBuyer may require inorder to take delivery ofgoods and to removethem from the quay;

- bear deliveryof the goods as soon asthey have been placedat his disposal;- bear allexpense and risks ofloss of or damage tothe goods from thetime when they havebeen effectively placed

at his disposal;

DELIVERED DUTY

PAID (named placeof destination in thecountry of importation)

DDP - at his own risk

and expensea. put the contract goodsat the disposal of theBuyer, duty paid at thenamed place of destination in the countryof importation b. provide the importlicence or permit and bearthe cost of any import

- take delivery

of the goods as soon asthe seller has duly putthem at his disposal atthe named place ofdestination;- bear all therisks of the goods andpay;

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duties or taxes;- bear all the risks of lossof or damage to the goodsuntil such time as theyhave been delivered,

5.10.1. Negocierea clauzei LIVRARE

(Negotiating the DELIVERY Clause)Mr. Ion: - Hello, Mr. Brand. I'm glad to meet you. How are you?Mr. Brand: - Fine, thank you. And how are you?Mr. Ion: - I'm fine, too. In fact, we've had a very busy time lately. We've spent most of it at

the Fair. I'm glad you're here during our International Fair; thus you can get a betterimage of our offer.

Mr. Brand: - Yourdisplay has been a big success, to be sure. I'll let my manager know.more about your petroleum products and the quality you offer.

Mr. Ion: - But the Fair isn't the only reason for your visit, is it?Mr. Brand: - You're right, Mr. Ion. There's something else I wanted to bring to your attention.Mr. Ion: - Yes, what is it?Mr. Brand: - It's the delivery time I'd like to discuss with you.Mr. Ion: - Well, let me have a look at the minutes of our previous discussion... Deliveries

were to be effected during the first quarter of the next year. What time do yousuggest?

Mr. Brand: - You know, an earlier delivery would be more convenient. Do you think youcould bring delivery forwardto the fourth quarter of the current year?

Mr. Ion: - Let's see what we can do... I'll contact our representative at the refinery and askhim to get the drums ready for dispatch earlier.

Mr. Brand: - Thank cyou very much. If sales develop successfully, you may count on largerorders by the middle ol next year or even earlier.

Mr. Ion: - O.K. We promise delivery within one month after receipt of yourL/C.

5.10.2. Modele de clauze referitoare la LIVRARE(Samples of DELIVERY Clauses)

1. Obiectul contractului: exportul de uleiuri mineraleObject ol the contract: export of mineral oil

a.livrarea urmeaz a se efectua n decurs de o lun dup primirea acreditivului.Delivery to be eflected within one month alter receipt of L/C.

b. Produsele se consider livrate de ctre vnztori i acceptate de ctre cumprtor:-din punct de vedere cantitativ, conform greutii indicate n conosament;-din punct de vedere calitativ, conform certificatului/ buletinului de analiz.

The goods are considered to be delivered by Seller and accepted by Buyer:-in respect to quantity as per weight indicated in the B/L;-in respect to quality as per analysis bulletin.

Data conosamentului se consider ca dat a livrrii.The date of the Bl L to be considered as date of delivery.

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2. Obiectul contractului: vnzarea de instalaii i echipamente pentru o uzinObject of the contract: sale of a plant.

Vnztorul se angajeaz:-s livreze echipamentul, instalaiile, materialele i piesele de schimb conform specificaiei dinAnexa 2, n decurs de... luni de la intrarea n vigoare a contractului, efectund transporturi nconformitate cu programul de livrri inclus n Anexa 6;

-s furnizeze documentaia n intervalul de timp fixat n Anexele 4 i 6;-s efectueze serviciile legate de ridicarea, pornirea fabricii, precum i pregtirea personaluluioperator n intervalul de timp fixat n Anexa 6.

The Seller undertakes:- to deliver the equipment, machinery, materials and spare parts as specified in Appendix 2in... months after the coming into force of the contract, by effecting shipments inaccordance with the delivery schedule included in Appendix 6;- to supply documentation within the time limits fixed in Appendices 4 and 6;

Echipamentul, instalaiile materiale i piesele de schimb se livreaz:^a.n cazul livrrii pe uscat, dup trecerea frontierei rii exportatoare n drum spre.b.n cazul transportului pe mare sau fluvial, dup trecerea balustradei vasului

eare se ncarc pentru a fi transportate n...Equipment, machinery, materials and spare parts shall be delivered:a. in case of land dispatch, after passing the border of the exporting counton their way to...;

b. in case ol dispatch by sea or river, alter passing over the rail of the ship tbe loaded on for transport to...

n cazul expedierii prin pot, documentaia va fi livrat dup cum urmeaz... n cazul expedierii cupota aerian, documentaia trimis la adresele meniona in..., va f livrat franco aeroport...

In case of dispatch by mail, the documentation shall be delivered as followsIn case of dispatch by air mail, the documentation sent to the address mentioned under...shall be delivered franco airport...

Concomitent cu expedierea documentaiei, vnztorul este obligat s-i trimit cumprtorului oscrisoare-coninnd o list detailat a documentaiei expediate indicnd...Simultaneously with the dispatch ol the documentation, the Seller is oblige to send to theBuyer a letter containing a detailed list of the dispatche documentation, indicating...

Pentru echipament, instalaii, materiale i piese de schimb data de livrare va considerat:-n cazul expedierii pe calea ferat, data trecerii frontierei rii exportatoar menionat nconfirmarea agentului expeditor corespondent;-n cazul transportului pe mare sau fluvial, data conosamentului.

For equipment, machinery, materials and spare parts, the date of delivery i deemed to be...;- in case of dispatch by railway, the date of passing the border of the exportin country,mentioned in the confirmation of the... corresponding fotwardin agent;

-in case of dispatch by sea or river, the date of the bill of lading.Pentru documentaia expediat prin pot, data livrrii se consider a fi data primiri ei de ctre..., iar

pentru documentaia expediat cu pota aerian, data descrcrii aeroportul...For the documentation dispatched by mail, the date of delivery is deemed t be the date of itsreceipt by. ..and (or the documentation dispatched by airmail the date of its unloading at theairport...

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5.10.3. Formulri folosite n redactarea clauzei LIVRARE(Specimen Sentences in DELIVERY Clauses)

1. Marfa trebuie s fie livrat 1. The goods shall be delivered.- n perioada stabilit n specificaiile convenite dectre prile contractante.

- Within the period stipulated in the specificationagreed upon between the contracting parties.

- ntr-un singur transport n decurs de 12 luni dupintrarea n vigoare a contractului.

- in one shipment within 12 months afterthjs contract comes into force.

2. Expedierea mrfii urmeaz s se efectueze n

timp de... din portul...

2. Shipment is to be effected during... from the port

of...3. Vnztorii au dreptul/ pot 3. The Sellers have the right to/ are entitled to/ may- s efectueze transporturi pariale. - effect partial shipments.- s livreze marfa naintea datelor stabilite,avizndu-i pe ageni din timp/ cu consimmntulprealabil, n scris, al cumprtorului.

- deliver the goods prior to the stipulated dates,notifying the Agents beforehand/ with the Buyer'sprevious written consent.

4. Livrarea n avans/ Livrarea amnat se poateefectua doar obinnd acordul cumprtorului cu30 de zile naintea datei de livrare propriu-zis.

4. Advance delivery/ Postponed delivery can onlybe made upon obtaining agreement from the Buyerthirty days before the actual delivery date.

5. Vnztorii trebuie s-i anune/ avizeze pecumprtori

5. The Sellers are to/ should notify the Buyersabout/ advise the Buyers of

- c marfa este pregtit pentru expediere de la...la...

- the readiness of the goods for shipmenl from... to...

- n legtur cu greutatea i volumul mrfii. - the weight and the volume of the goods.- despre numele vasului, data ncrcrii la bord,data plecrii vasului, portul de destinaie, numrulconosamentului.

- name of the ship, on board date, ship's departuredate, port of destination, B/ L no.

- referitor la numrul contractului, dataexpedierii, denumirea mrfii, cantitate,numrul vagonului.

- contract number, dispatch date, goodsdenomination, quantity, number of the railwaytruck.

6. n decurs de... ore de la expedierea mrfii,vnztorul trebuie s anune pe cumprtor printelex despre...

6. contract number, dispatch date, goodsdenomination, quantity, number of the railwaytruck.

7. Cu 60 de zile naintea datei stabilite prin acestcontract vnztorul urmeaz s-l avertizeze pecumprtor despre numrul contractului, data delivrare preconizata...

7. Sixty days before the delivery datestipulated under this contract the Sellershall notify the Buyer of the contractnumber, the expected date of delivery...

8. Cumprtorul urmeaz s-l avizeze pe vnztor,cu 30 de zile nainte de sosirea vasului n portul delivrare al vnztorului, referitor la numele vasuluii data preconizat de sosire.

8. 30 days before the arival of the carrying vessel atthe Seller's port of delivery, the Buyer shall notiffythe Seller of the name of the vessel and the expectedarrival date.

9. Cumprtorul .urmeaz s expediezevasul spre portul de livrare al vnztoruluin scopul ncrcrii n decurs de 45 de ziledup primirea avizului de ncrcare de lavnztor.

9. The Buyer shall send the shipSeller's port of delivery for loading45 days after receiving the shippingfrom the Seller.

10. Vnztorul urmeaz s-i trimit cumprtorului par avion, n decurs de 10 zile de la plecareavasului, certificatul de calitate i copii ale facturii,conosamentului i lista de colete.

10. Within 10 days after the sailing ship, the Sellershall airmail to the the quality certificate, copies cinvoice, of the B/;L and the packing list.

11. Data conosamentului sau a scrisorii de trsur vafi considerat ca dat de livrare.

11. The date on the Bill of Lading or on theRailway Bill shall be considered date of delivery.

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12. Data livrrirva fi considerat 12. The delivery date is understood to be- data conosamentului. - the date of the B/L.- data tampilei cilor ferate aplicat pe foaia detrsur in staia de ncrcare.

- the date of the Railway stamp applie the way-bill atthe loading station.

13. Marfa se consider livrat 13. Goods are considered delivered- la bordul vasului n portul de ncrcare, - on board ship in the loading port.- n vagon n staia de ncrcare. - on railway truck at the loading station.14. Momentul transferului riscurilor de lavnztor asupra cumprtorului esteconsiderat a fi momentul cnd

14. The moment of transfer of from Seller to Buyer is consideremoment when

- marfa a trecut de balustrada vasului n portul dencrcare.

- the goods pased the ship's rail in the loading port.

- marfa a fost livrat grii de ncrcare, fapt doveditprin duplicate ale scrisorii de trsur emise deaceast gar.

- the goods have been delivered the loadingrailway station, proved by duplicate of the waybillissued by railway station. I

15. Transferul de proprietate i risc asupracumprtorului areloc:..,

15. The transfer of property and risk to thebuyer takes place...

16. Vnztorul i menine dreptul dedeplin proprietate asupra mrfii vndute prin prezentul contract pn cnd s-arecuperat valoarea ei n ntregime.

16. The Seller keeps his right of full ownership onthe goods sold unde contract until their value hasbeert.entirely collected.

17. Condiiile de descrcare: descrcarea mrfii seva face pe cheltuiala cumprtorilor dup trecereabalustradei vasului.

17. Terms of Discharge: Discharge of the goodsshall be at the Buyer's expense, once they havepassed the ship's rail.

18. Livrarea i acceptarea mrfii.Marfa se considera fi livrat de ctre vnztor i acceptat decumprtor

18. Delivery and acceptance of goods. The goodsare considered to be delivered by the Seller andaccepted by the Buyers

- din punct de vedere cantitativ: conformnumrului de lzi i a greutii indicate nconosament (sau n foaia de trsur).

in respect to quantity: according to the number ofcases and the weight, as shown on the Bill ofLading(or on the Railway Bill).

- din punct de vedere calitativ: conformcertificatului producatorului, emis dentreprinderea productoare sau de vnztor.

- in respect to quality: according to theManufacturers certificate issued by themanufacturing works or by the Seller.

- din punct de vedere cantitativ, dup greutateaindicat n conosament conform msurtorilortancurilor de la sol n portul de ncrcare.

- in respect to quantity: as per weight indicated inthe Bill of lading in conformity with themeasurement of the shore tanks at the loading port.

- din punct de vedere calitativ, dup certificatul decalitate emis de laboratorul din portul de ncrcare

- in respect to quality: as per certificate of qualityissued by a laboratory at the port of loading.

5.13. Clauza CONDItii DE PLATA(The TERMS OF PAYMENT Clause)

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Clauza ce reglementeaza conditiile de plata (terms of payment) va stipula pretul (the price) sivaluta (the currency) in care se va efectua plata (method of settlement), instrumentele de plata(payments instruments), locul si data platii (place and time of payment) si eventual documentele (thedocuments) necesare a fi prezentate pentru efectuarea platii. Vanzarea-cumpararea se poate efectua cuplata in avans (Payment in advenace), plata la livrare (payment on delivery), plata pe credit (creditpayment).

Plata in avans poate fi platita in numerar (cash payment in advance), acont numerar (cash-down

payment).Plata la livrare poate fi in numerar (cash payment, cash on delivery). Se poate face plata contra

documente (payment against documents).Metodele de plata cele mai utilizate sunt acreditivul documentar (documentary credit,

documentary letter of credit) si incassoul documentar (docu,entary collection payment upon receipt ofdocuments). In randul instrumentelor de plata, mentionam trata sau cambia (the draft or bill ofexchange), cecul (the cheque) si biletul la ordin (the promisorry note).

5.13.1. Negocierea clauzei CONDITII DE PLATA(Negotiating the TERMS OF PAYMENT Clause)

Mr. Jones: - Good morning, Sir. Ive come to discuss with you some matters to be included in thecontract for the sale of equipment to us.

Manager: - Good morning, Sir. We wish to settle the matter right now. From our point of view weshould prefer payment by irrevocable letter of credit to be opened with the RomanianBank for Foreign Trade. The expenses for this should be borne by you.

Mr. Jones: - All right. We should agree to this, for the amount of, lets say, half the price. For thebalance we suggest payment in cash on presentation of an on board bill of lading and ofother documents evidencing shipment of goods.

Manager: - That suit us, too. We shall make it an agreement and have it put down in the contract.

Mr. Jones: - Good-bye, Sir.Manager: - Good-bye. I hope to hear from you soon.

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5.13.3. Formulari folosite in redactarea clauzei CONDITII DE PLATA(Specimenn Sentences in TERMS OF PAYMENT Clauses)

1. Conditii: 10% la comanda, 20% in decurs de3 zile contra documentelor de expediere sirestul prin trata la 90 de zile cu dobanda de 5%pe an.

1. Terms: 10 p.c. with order, 20 p.c. within 3days against shipping documents and thebalance by a 90 days draft with interest at p.c.p.a.

2. Plata se va face: 2. Payment to be made.

a. in numerar contra primei prezentari adocumentelor.

a. in cash against first presentation ofdocuments.

b. prin trate la vedere. b. by sight drafts.c. prin trate la termen de 90 de zile. c. by 90 days time drafts.d. in numerar la adrea comenzii. d. By cash with order.e. prin acreditiv documentar irevocabil. e. by irrevocable letter of credit.f. in rate f. in instalments.3. Cumparatorii, la cererea scrisa avanzatorului, vor prelungi valabilitateaacreditivului cu o perioada suplimentara de 15zile, iar platile se vor pune de acord asupra

modului de suportare a spezelor ce rezulta dinprelungirea valabilitatii.

3. The Buyers, at the Sellers written request,should extend the validity of the Letter of Creditfor an additional period of 15 days and theparties will have to agree on the way of bearing

the charges arisen by the Letter of Creditvalidity extension.

C_engl_cap5

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