7/21/2019 C-yti10

1/11

,

: 2, 2, H 2, C 2, 2, H 2, C CH 4. , .

,

, .

, .

.

D

() .

G , , :

: 2,

2, H

2;

: H2, C

2,

2, C CH

4.

G ,

. E .

G

( ,

.

, ,

:

;

;

;

, .

:

{ 2 }2[] (3.8)

:

[%]= 1,957 2590.

T (3.9)

,

:

2[M]+ {2}= 2(M) (3.10.)

7/21/2019 C-yti10

2/11

2[M]+ {2}= 2[M] H

7/21/2019 C-yti10

3/11

(

)

500 C.

M, , C , . C

,

;

. F

, . G

,

3.6, , .

,

( )

:

I. ;

II. ;

III. ;

I.

.

E , ,

, . A, AM,

, , ,

.

C AM,

, [70. A, 4

, 0,2% M 4 , 11,5%

M 200 . C, ,

. 0,03% M . L

0,051,5% M M.

.

A, .

, AM ,

A M

. ,

A2

3 , , 3.7.

7/21/2019 C-yti10

4/11

I

C

( 2, H 2, C 2, 2) .

D

,

,

H2 C

2 C

2:

4[C]+ {2}= 2[C

2] (3.10)

6[C]+ {2}= 2[C

2]+ [C

2] (3.11)

A ,

2

2

.

C2 C

2 , . A

, CC2 CC

2 ,

.

.

, ,

. D ,

C2 (A, , M, , B).

. D H

2 , C

2,

2 , , 1500...1700 C,

, :

[]+ 1/2{2}= [] (3.12)

[]+ {C2}= []+ {C} (3.13)

[]+ {H2}= []+ [H] (3.14)

7[]+ {2}= 4[]+ [

3

2] (3.15)

3

2 ,

. C ,

.H .

, , .

.

, , :

.) .)

[]+ 1/2{2}= () []+ {H

2}= () + 2[H]

7/21/2019 C-yti10

5/11

[]+ 1/2{2}= () H

2

[]+ 1/2{2}= (

2) []+ {H

2}= (

2) + 4[H]

.) .)

[]+ {C2}= () + {C} 3[]+ {

2}= 2() + ()

[]+ {C2}= () + {C} 3[]+ {

2}= 2() + ()

[]+ 2{C2}= (

2) + 2{C} 2[]+ {

2}= (

2) + ()

.

, ,

.

:

4[A]+ 3{2}= 2(A

2

3) 6[A]+ 3{

2}=2(A

2

3) + (A

2

3)

2[A]+ 3{C2}= 2(A

2

3) + 3{C} 2[A]+ 3{H

2}=(A

2

3) + 6[H]

(A2

3 ) , ,

.

(A2

3), , , , , ,

,

. C ,

( AM) ,

( ) .

,

, .

. L

, ,

. .

, ,

.

(A2

3)

2

.

, :

2[M]+ { 2 }= 2(M) 2[M]+ { 2 }=2(M) + (M)2[M]+ {C

2}= 2(M) + [C] 3[M]+ {

2}=2(M) + []

[M]+ {C2}= (M) + {C} 3[M]+ {C}=(M) + (M

2C)

[M]+ {H2}=(M) + 2[H] [M]+ {C}=(M) + [C]

7/21/2019 C-yti10

6/11

, ,

.

(M) ,

.

.

.

,

(0,001...0,002 %)

.

D , , ,

90...98 % .

A ,

.

G , : H2. H

2, C

2,

2, C, H

2, H

3, CH

4,

. G

, 650...1300 C, .

.

A, , , , .

H ,

.

, ,

1723 C,

.

, ,

, , .

,

, :[M]+ {H

2}=(M) + 2[H]

2[A]+ 3{H2}=(A

2

3) + 6[H]

[]+ 2{H2}=(

2) + 4[H]

2[]+ 5{H2}=(

2

5) + 10[H]

A

:

7/21/2019 C-yti10

7/11

{H2}+ {C}= {C

2}+ 2[H]

{H2}+[C]= {C}+ 2[H]

{C2}+ [C]= 2{C}

D ,

, .

.

, ,

:

H=5800

T+4,58+

1

2 H2 (3.16)

: H 3 H2/100 ;

;

H2 , H.C , , , 3.8.,

, , ,

, :

;

;

.

H

: , .

, H, , 3 H2/100 ;

, , ,

: A2 3 H2; MH2, A2 3 MH2.

7/21/2019 C-yti10

8/11

,

, .

D , :

: A, M, C, F, ;

: , M, . :

.

L

,

, L C: ,

.

7/21/2019 C-yti10

9/11

D ,

.

C

, ,

3.9.

C

.

,

,

.

,

0,04..0,05 %

.

( ),

.

E .

, . A . ,

.

C

(

) .

C , ,

. , ,

.

,

(). G

( ,

, ,

.).

F

. L , ( 15...30 ),

.A, , (

) ,

.

,

, , .

7/21/2019 C-yti10

10/11

D, +

,

, , .

,

, , .

A, ,

, ,

, , ,

, ,

.

C , , ,

, ,

,

.

,

:

H2=0,51() (3.17)

:H2 , ,

;

( .

, ,

,

,

.

I,

, ,

, 3.11.

( ) , , 20 .

C

, .

7/21/2019 C-yti10

11/11

.

M ,

, , , ,

, , .

,

.

,

,

.

I

.

3.12

, =2,5

, .