Bacalaureat.de.Nota.10.Engleza LTT

vLIMBA ENGLEZAevaluareacompeten,e orlingvistice de com icare

30 de variante pentru scris90 de variante pentru oral

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Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Nationale a RomanieiLimba engleza: bacalaureat scris ~i oralTania Mu~ina (coord.)Bra~ov: Aula, 2010

811.111(075.5)371.279.8:373.5

Tania MU$INA(coordonator)

'-'LIMBA ENGLEZA

evaluarea competentelorlingvistice de com unicare

- 30 de variante pentru scris -- 90 de variante (subiecte) pentru oral -

AULA

EXAMINARE SCRISA.

.WRITTEN EXAMINATION.

30 de variante rezolvate

- 30 de subiecte de tip I A(Reading Comprehension)

- ~Ode subiecte de tip'I B(Writing)

Pentru Examinarea scrisa (Writing Examination), care dureaza90 de minute, exista doua tipuri de cerinte (subiecte), fiecare cudoua niveluri de dificultate (elevii pot alege unul din cele douaniveluri). Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 'Right' (A) or

'Wrong' (B)? If there is not enough information to answer'Right' (A) or 'Wrong' (B), choose 'Doesn't say' (C). Mark A,B, or C on your exam sheet.

- 15 variante cu 7 itemi (mai u~oare)- 15 variante cu 10 itemi (mai dificile)

I moved from Korea to the USA when I was 14 years old. Thefirst few weeks were great - everything was exciting and different.Going to the supermarkets was an adventure: the foods were allnew to me and everything was so big!The biggest culture shock for me was going to high school. First

of all, I looked different. All the other girls looked so much olderthan me. They wore make-up and coloured their hair.And I never went to a school with boys before. So the first thing

I did to try to fit in was have a perm. I also started wearing make-up, but I wasn't very good at putting it on. My eye-liner alwaysseemed to smudge and my lipstick was always the wrong colour. Iloved nail polish though. I used to wear different colours on eachfinger. I also got my ears pierced.I found Americans a lot more open than Koreans. When I ate my

dinner in the cafeteria, I always tried to ignore the boys and girlskissing each other over the table. People don't do that in Korea. Ifound it hard to eat my dinner! The other thing I found hard washolding hands (or not holding hands). In Korea girls hold handswith girls, but in America people think that's really weird. Insteadgirls hold hands with their boyfriends. I thought that was reallyweird! I wasn't cool either. In Korea it's good to be clever and dowell at school, but in America I was a nerd for liking study (and Iwore glasses, which made it worse). I found making friends reallyhard. (www.hveser.de)

"Write an email to your English speaking friend explaining thatyou would like to apply to do a course at one of the colleges in thecity he lives. Tell him/her what type of studies you have been doingfor the past few years and ask for assistance in contacting anappropriate institution.Write your answer in 80-100 words."

"You have seen this announcement in a high school magazine:"Describe you best experience as a student. ".Write your answer in 180-200 words."

Indiferent de ce veti alege la examen, rezolvarea tuturorvariantelor va asigura 0 pregatire completa pentru Limbaengleza. Examinare scrisa (Writing Examination).

round face is framed by a mass of wavy white hair and her sparklingblue eyes show her humour and friendliness. She prefers wearingcasual, comfortable clothes. I don't think I have ever seen her in aperfectly ironed suit.As for her personality, Mavis's most striking characteristic is her

generosity. My house, as well as most of our neighbours', nearlyalways has a vase of flowers from her garden in the living room.Mavis is very good-natured and always has time for a chat. She isalso patient. She hardly ever gets annoyed about anything, excepther children pick her favourite roses and lilies. However, she tendsto be quite stubborn - once she has made a decision, nothing canchange her mind.All in all, Mavis is the perfect next-door neighbour. Since the day

she moved in, we have grown very close and I am very fond of her,even if I am woken up by the noise of her lawnmower early in themorning!

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or"Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer"Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). MarkA, B, C on your exam sheet.

Mavis has been my neighbour for six years. I first met her whenshe knocked on my door and asked for a spade because she hadn'tyet unpacked hers. She had arrived in our neighbourhood two daysbefore.Physically, Mavis looks younger than most other women in their

late sixties. She is of average height, neither fat nor thin. Her plump


Remembrance Day takes place in Britain every year on the Sundayclosest to November II tho It is held to remember all the heroes whodied while fighting in World Wars I and II.Prior to the actual event, many schools and organizations rehearse

for the parades which will be held on the day. Paper poppies aresold to the public, and they wear them in their lapels for a week orso before the event. The poppy flower, due to its bright red colour,symbolizes the blood shed by the soldiers during the war.On the actual day, war veterans join the parades, proudly displaying

their medals, and they march or are pushed in wheelchairs down thestreets to the cheers of the crowds. In the evening there is always aremembrance service, held at the Royal Albert Hall in London,which is televised live. Hymns are sung, speeches are made, and atthe end of the service, thousands of poppies are dropped from theceiling onto the audience below.Remembrance Day is a very important event. We should respect

and feel proud of those peopl~ who died fighting in the wars as theyplayed a very significant role in securing our country's freedom.


As I was just making my nightly rounds on Monday evening, Inoticed a light coming from a third floor window of Scope Ltd. Itmust have been about 11.15 p.m. because I had checked my watchjust minutes earlier. As I was proceeding to the maIn entrance tocheck for signs of a break-in I saw two men running out of the doortowards the gate.

Both men seemed to be in their mid thirties and were rather tallwith short brown hair. The) were wearing dirty ripped jeans andblack leather jackets. They must have been professionals becausethey managed to get in and out of the bui Iding without setting offthe sophisticated alarm system. 1 tried to go after them but wasunable to catch them because they got into a black Ford Cortina anddrove off in the direction of Tackinton.About two minutes later 1 heard a bomb explode and saw flames

coming out of the third floor windows. The fire soon spread toother floors, and the whole building was in flames within minutes.I quickly called the police and the fire brigade who arrived at

11:30.


Over the past few years, people have begun to travel to placesthey would only have dreamt of visiting thirty years ago, thanks tothe possibilities offered by air travel. In my opinion, travelling byaeroplane cannot be compared with any other means of transport.To start with, there really is no faster way to travel. You can go

from one country to another in a few hours which gives you moretime to enjoy your trip, rather than waste time travelling anddragging your luggage around.Furthermore, you always feel well looked after on an aeroplane.

You are served drinks and meals and offered newspapers andblankets which all help to make the journey mo~e comfortable andenjoyable.Of course, there are people who consider that travelling by plane

can be a nightmare, with airport delays, cramped seats and turbulenceto put up with. What is more, aeroplanes and airports are oftentargeted by terrorists, which makes some people think that travellingby plane in not safe. What they forget is that the number of deathscaused by cars is larger than that caused by planes.1 consider that air travel will always remain popular. Its speed,

comfort and convenience are very hard to beat.

1. Thirty years ago people only dreamt at the places they aretravelling to now.

Haven to help wash the birds. They say the effects of the oil disasterwill last for at least two or three years. Planes are now flying overthe sea, spraying the sea with detergents to stop the oil.The accident happened when the "Sea Empress" was going to an

oil refinery at Milford Haven. Organizations, such as Greenpeaceand World Wide Fund for Nature, are calling the situation a disasterand are asking the Government to check the standard of oil tankers.The Government says that the Department of Transport willinvestigate the accident.

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or"Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer'"Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). MarkA, B, C on your exam sheet. 5. The birds, the dolphins and other species will be affected by

the accident.

Helicopters rescued 28 sailors from the oil tanker the SeaEmpress last night. The tanker is spilling tons of oil into the seafrom its broken tanks. It crashed into the rocks near Milford Havenin bad weather on Thursday night.The tanker is now losing oil from five of its twelve tanks and

there are already reports that hundred of sea birds are covered inoil. Philip Rothwell, from Royal Society for the Protection ofBirds, said that the news was extremely bad: "This accident willaffe~t n~t o~ly. the birds but also dolphins and many underwaterspecies. Wildlife experts and volunteers are waiting near Milford

14

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or"Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer"Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). MarkA, B, C on you r exam sheet.

Another day has passed and I am still here. I am alive.b~t n?w allmy friends and relatives are gone. Today I. went to VISIt NicolasSmith, my only friend, and when I got to his house, I saw the redcross painted on the door. This cross shows that the people in thehouse have the plague; nobody can enter into the house. It is oneway to try 1'0 stop the disease. An?ther way is. to ma~e big firesoutside in the streets, to clean the air. But there IS nothmg that canstop the plague. .This terrible illness began last year and already there are at least

60000 people dead. The same symptoms appear all the time: thevictims feel pains all over their body, especially under the arms,and their bodies get hotter and hotter and then they go mad. After afew days, they die. I think that there is no cure for the plague. A lotof people get special medicine from the doctors, but it does not helpthe patients; they still die. . .Where does the illness come from? Many people thmk It comes

from God. He is angry with us for the bad things that happen in theevil city. Some people say that dogs and cats are responsible; theythink that animals carry the disease, so they kill them. Now, thereare more rats than usual; I can see rats everywhere in the streets.When will this plague disappear? How long will I live?("The Diary of Samuel Pepys from 1659-1669", in "The Shorter

Pepys ", London, Bell & Hyman, 1989)


I've lived in Chalham all my life. In general I like living here, butthere are problems. For example, my school is 30 kilometres away.in Benton, and I need two hours to get there by bus. That is veryboring. Finding things to do during the weekend is also difficult.Generally there aren't enough things to do in the village. There'sonly a sports club, and there are no discos. The closest town isMilton, but we can't go to the disco there, because the last bus toour village is at 6 pm. There exist only three busses a day, so we area bit isolated around here.

The village changes very much in summer. Normally. around 1000people live here, but in July and August, there are about 3000 peo~l~here. Some of the visitors were born here, and they return to VISittheir relatives; others are tourists. I'm not a big fan of summer, forme the noise is a problem too. Riding your bike becomes dangerous.That is one of the advantages of living in a village: you don't

have traffic problems, and there is no pollLltion, at least in winter.


Two years ago Steve and Margaret Smith took a very difficultdecision. They decided to sell their house and buy a new home.Their family thought they were mad and their friends couldn'tbelieve their ears. Why such a change? Well, what's unusual aboutthe Smiths is that they left a house with three bedrooms in Londonfor something totally different. "Where they live now, they don't have neighbours, there's no

traffic and they only see countryside from their wi.ndow. When theyget tired of one place, they simply move to a new place. Up t6 nowthey moved three times - they stay in one area forpbout six months.Of course, this can be a problem because their friends never knowwhere they can find them.Their new home is very small. In fact Steve and Margaret sleep,

cook, eat and relax in a single room. The kitchen area has a sinkand a cooker, and there is a separate bathroom. But they are notbothered by the size - they say it's very comfortable and they have.everything they need. They have a television set and a microwavetoo.For the Smiths shopping is very difficult as the shops at a big

distance from their home. Steve says that the next stop will beoutside a supermarket!Now they are thinking of the summer holiday. Hotels won't be a

problem for them!

penguins to advertise fridges. and a cat to advertise heating. In thecommercials \:ick 's character move and speak. Although th; advertswere only around one minute long, the process of making them wasextremely slow as every movement needed to be fi Imed and therewere thousands of movements in each advert.Since the film "Creature Comfort", Nick has won more Oscars

for cartoons using plasticine characters. These films last 30 minutes.In the near future Nick intends to make a full-length film. The onlyproblem is time!5. When they are bored of one place the Smiths can change their

address. .

2. Nick started to be interested in animation at the age of ten.


Nick Park is famous all over the world for his animations. Hisinterest began when he was 12. He saw a documentary about WaltDisney and the way he made his cartoons and decided to experimentwith his father's old film camera. He created his first animatedcartoon at the age of 13. Twenty years later, Nick was awarded theOscar for a short film entitled "Creature Comforts".After this big success an electricity company decided to use the

animals to advertise their electrical products, for example they used

6. In the commercials ick's characters moved but didn't speak.

Subiecte

k.3dThe author can remem bel' the faces of the persons who ran the

In ergarten.Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or"Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer"Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). MarkA, B, C on your exam sheet.

A Right B Wrong C Doesn't say

4. The author is sure the persons who ran the kindergarten were nice.

A Right

It is amazing how little we remember about our life before theage of seven or eight. I can tell you different things that happenedto me from eight onwards, but just a few things before that. I wentfor a year to Elmtree House, but I can't remember how myclassroom looked. Nor can I picture the faces of Mrs Corfield andMiss Tucker, the two sisters who ran the kindergarten. although ('msure they were very nice and kind. I vaguely remember sitting onthe stairs and trying over and over to tie my shoelaces. This is whatI can remember at this distance of the school itself.On the other side, I can remember very well the journeys I made

to and from the school as they were extremely exciting. This becauseevery day I rode my tricycle on my way to school, together with mysister and her tricycle. We used to race at enormous tricycle speedsdown the middle of the road and then, most glorious of all, whenwe came to a corner, we would lean to one side and take it on twowheels.This is about all that I can remember from my kindergarten

period, sixty-two years ago. It's not much but I treasure it!(Excerpts from "Boy: Tales of Childhood " by Roald Dahl (Jonathan

Cape/Penguin Books .

5. The author remembers very well hisshoelaces: experience with the

A Right B Wrong C Doesn't say

6. The author was a beautiful child in kindergarten.

A R.ight B Wrang C Doesn't say

7. The author liked riding the tricycle with his/her sister.

A Right

" Read ~,hete?xt below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or,,:r~~,~ (B). If there is not enough information to answer

Ig (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). MarkA, B, C on your exam sheet.

1. People don't remember too much about their life before theage of seven or eight.

If There ar.e only two types of dinner party: successes and failurese~erythlng go.es well, you will have the satisfaction of bein~

c~nsldered a SOCIal:uccess by all your acquaintances; if it doesn't~ llyour ~ay, you WIll encourage the silences that will explore theu meaning of the word "awkward".B The most sensible. course of action is never choose to be a hostut you want to be m the lime-light, so here it is. .

Although it might seem a contradiction, wherever possible, avoidhaving dinner parties in your own home. An alternative locationwith great success is a restaurant. You don't have to serve the guestsand you don't 'have to cook. The most satisfying aspect is the factthat you split the cost of the evening with your guests.If you have no choice and throw a dinner party at home make

sure you don't have too many guests, the ideal .is to have three orfour couples and a single person who will be your rescuer. At thetable try to involve your guests in serving the food by telling themthat this an old Tibetan custom. This will be a conversation point.Try to avoid talking about politics as it is all the time an argumentfor contradictions. .("The Observer ", "Protocol: a guide to modern living: how to

hold a dinner parry ", "High-tech disaster threatens police computersystems" by Robin McKie and Richard Sharpe)

5. A good choice for a dinner party place is the restaurant.

fA Right B Wrong C Doesn't say

Read the text below. Are the sentences I~7 "Right" (A) or"Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer"Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). MarkA, B, C on your exam sheet.

Butterflies have from early time been associated with humansouls. In ancient Egypt, the soul at death was considered to leavethe body just like the butterfly leaves the chrysalis. In Burma thesoul-butterfly is believed to fly abroad when its owner sleeps, meetingthe soul-butterflies of other persons and animals and returningwhen the person wakes up. The children from Burma learn to neverawaken anyone too suddenly because it is believed that if the soul-butterfly can't come back in time the person will die.In Gaelic tradition, the persons who died recently were thought to

be sometimes visible in the form of a butterfly hovering over thecorpse. In Ireland, this was a sign of everlasting happiness for thesoul. In Scotland, a golden butterfly over a dying person wasconsidered to be a very good omen for his or her future welfare.A legend tells how a soul wandered through time and place, and

came back to the body in butterfly form. When it almost entered theman's mouth a neighbour killed it. It is said that the man died at once.(A P Watt Ltd on behalf of Edith M Horsley and Christina Hole

for "Butterflies" from "The Encyclopedia of Superstitions " by E andM A Radford, edited and revised by Christina Hole)

In the south west of England, one can find small villages forfishing purposes and also for a peace and quiet period. In the northeast of England you can walk along the coast of J\orthumberlandwithout meeting anyone at all. On the south coast you can enjoy thesun and the beautiful beaches of the English Riviera.If you prefer a holiday with a lot of people and a lot of fun then

you can go to a big holiday resort like Blackpool on the west coastof England or Brighton on the south coast. Or maybe you wouldlike to spend your holiday in a cam. You can find them allover thecountry, especially near the popular resorts. In a camp you havedances, palties, special arrangements for children and a lot ofgames and Sport.

5, In Scotland golden butterflies are considered good omens.

A Right 8 Wrong C Doesn't say

6. The butterfly from the legend managed to enter into the man'smouth. 2. In Britain people have two weeks of holiday.

3. July is the only popular month for going on a holiday.

4. On the roads to the seaside you can't find motorbikes.

Read the text below. Are the senten~es 1-7 "~ight" (A) or"Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough mformatlOn to answer"Right" (A) or "Wrong" (8), choose "Doesn't say" (C). MarkA, 8, C on your exam sheet.

5. You can fish in the south west of England.

HOLIDAY DESTINATIONS

Some towns on the English coast have only small population~ inwinter but in summer there come thousands and thousands oftounst~.Most 'people in Britain have at least two weeks to spent .thelrholiday. July and August are the most popular months for .holIdaysand there is always a lot of traffic on the roads to the seasIde.

6. Beaches can be found on the English Riviera.

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or"Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer"Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mar:kA, B, C on your exam sheet.

The common meals in Britain are breakfast, lunch, tea, and supper.Traditionally, breakfast is a bigger meal than on the continent, butduring the week, when everybody works. there is no time for a richbreakfast, just for a cup of coffee or tea, a piece of toast or a bowlof cereal. On Sundavs breakfast consists of half a grapefruit ororange juice, porridg~, bacon and eggs and toast and marmalade, ifyou are very hungry.On a weekday, lunch is not a big meal. The people who work eat

sandwiches, or a salad, and some fruit, or yoghurt. If you want a hotmeal you can go to the canteens.Sunday lunch is the main meal of the week. Now you can eat roast

beef or chicken, accompanied by potatoes a'nd one or two vegetables.Desert can be anything: ice-cream, apple-pie or a h'ot pudding.The traditional practice of afternoon tea, consisting oftea., sandwiches,

cake and biscuits, is not so frequent- nowadays. as people don'thave time.The evening meal is the meal for all the family. Dinner takes

place early in the evening, around six 0 'clock when all the membersof the family come home from work or school. This is a hot meal,usually with meat and vegetables.Supper is usually later, or out at a restaurant.

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer(A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

In ancient societies, athletics and especially competitive contactgame~ aI.ways have been, but aggression in the past was temperedby a~ II1slstence that playing hard, playing to win, did not countenanceplayll1g to cheat and to hurt. One of the very first nations thatexpresse~ a~hleti: ideals, were the Greeks. As enunciated by Pindar,t~e ~thletlc Id~all~corpora,ted courage and endurance with modesty,dl~lty, and falr-mmdedness, thpse elusive qualities the Greeks called:'ldos .. As spo~s becan;e more specialized, the general populacemcreaslngly Withdrew mto spectatorship. Sports history revealsthat al~hough Greek sports had increasingly marred by corruptionand bnbes, nonetheless they flourished in an era which witnessedthe rapid expansion of stadiums and arenas under the Roman Empire.

I. During the week the British eat a lot in the morning.

During the Roman Empire. violence in sports became the generallyaccepted principle and spectators not only endorsed it but alsoembraced it as a social norm.

[n recent years sports violence has become to be perceived as asocial problem. Commissions have been appointed in Canada andEngland to investigate violence among hockey players and soccerfans. Numerous examples of violence in professional sports existtoday, as countries like the United States, Canada. Greece. [taly andGermany, report court cases have been heard which concern thevictims of violence perpetrators. Newspapers, magazines and televisionprograms portray bloodied athletes and riotous fans at hockey,boxing. football, soccer. baseball, and basketball games with whatappears to be increasing regularity. But are sports violence incidentsactually increasing, and if so. what is the reason of such a negativeincrease? Or does the heightened public attention and media focuson sports violence reflect not an increase in the incidence or severityof aggression, but greater public concern with moral issues andpolitical discourse?Contrary to popular belief, there appears to be growing dissatisfaction

with sports violence.Changes in sports rules, developments in the design of equipment

and even the physical characteristics of modern sports arenas evolvedin an effort to reduce violence or its consequences. But still, amongathletic management teams, government officials, fans and athletesthemselves, there is an ambivalence attitude towards sports violence.The ambivalence takes the form of justifying the existence ofviolence in sports, but not taking personal responsibility for it.Coaches and managers tend to blame fans, saying that violence iswhat attracts people into stadiums, as the risk entailed makes thegame more "interesting".Athletes frequently admit that they are opposed to violence, but

it is expected of them by coaches. Fans justify it by attributingaggressiveness to athletes and to situational aspects of the game.Spectators view violence as an inherent part of some sports as onecannot play games like hockey or football, without accepting thenecessity of violent action.Nevertheless, public opinion tends to focus more and more on

sports violence as major advances in the technologies used haveincreased media coverage making information available to a vast

global audience. Thus. contemporary critics tend to consider sportsviolence as a worldwide phenomenon with highly disturbing futurecourse and social outcomes.(Jonathon Hardcastle. ).11).1111'. enzinearticles. com)

I. [n ancient societiesA athletics and competitive contact games were rough.B football and contact games were rough.C only competitive contact games were rough.D no game was rough.

2. During the Roman Empire, spectatorsA tried to tolerate violence in sports.B detested any type of violence in sports.C regarded violence in sports as a social norm.D did not support violence in sports.

3. Sports violence has started to be regarded as a social problemA lately.B since the 70's.C these days.D since the beginning of the 20th century.

4. Canada and EnglandA are able to explain violence among hockey players.B are trying to discover the cause of violence among hockey players.C show no concern about sports violence.D are in favour of sports violence.

5. Regarding sports violence there seems to be a feeling ofA appreciation.B dissatisfaction.C indifference.D support.

6. In order to reduce violenceA only sports rules have been changed.B mass media coverage has been banned.C sports rules and equipment design have been modified.D sport rules, equipment design and sports arenas have been adjusted.

7. Government officials, fans and athletesA have the same attitude towards sports violence.B are ambivalent towards sports violence.e take personal responsibility for sports violence.D try not to justify sports violence.

cultures are, by way of contrast to the British, much less concernedto avoid conflict private or personal encounters.Perhaps there is a principle in '"aggression management" here:

every culture has developed some ways of fetting off steam, hassome areas in which people are allowed to express their true feelings.The immediate linguistic consequepce of open conflict - avoidance

is that you need to know what to do and what to say, for example,when someone takes a position in a queue in front of you, accidentallystand son your toe in a bus or disagrees with you in a publicgathering. In the public gathering, depending on the nature of themeeting, the British reaction may be to confront disagreementopenly and respond vigorously. In the other more personal situations,the same individual may work hard at taking a middle routebetween doing nothing and engaging in open conflict. In doing so,he or she will expect a similar cooperative response from the otherperson, such as an apology like, '"Oh, sorry, I didn't realise .. :'. Inother cultures, behaviour might well be the opposite - a great effortto reduce conflict in a public meeting and robust responses in theprivate situations. Within our own cultures, w.e understand theconventions and know when people are being normally polite ornormally outspoken. The difficulties come when we make errors inan unfamiliar environment.("British Shibboleths, One language, different cultures ", edited

by Eddie Ronowicz and Colin Yallop, The Continuum InternationalPublishing Group Ltd.)

8. Risk makes the game more interesting according toA coaches.B fans.e athletes.D government officials.

9. The tendency of the public opinion towards sports violence isA to show less interest.B to be more concentrated on it.C to show disapproval.D to accept it.

10. Critics regard sports violence asA an international reality.B a local reality.e a regional reality.D a national reality.

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer(A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. 1. An underlying principle of cultural behaviour reflected in thelanguage is:

A avoiding face-to-face conflictB using face-to-face conflicte creating face-to-face conflictD understanding face-to-face conflictAn underlying principle of cultural behaviour, which is closely

reflected in the language, is the need to avoid face-to-face conflict.Even though the British may appear unpleasantly blunt when comparedwith some Asian cultures, they are on the whole concerned to offera way out whenever a potential conflict between individuals occurs.This may be compared with public confrontations in large committees

or the Parliament where much more confrontation goes on. Some

2. The BritishA don't want a way out from conflictsB are just like the Asians regarding conflictse are preoccupied to find solutions for conflicts between individualsD ignore face-to-face conflicts

3. Other culturesA are more concerned to avoid conflicts -B don't talk about conflictsC consider conflicts insignificantD are less concerned by avoiding conflicts -

C show more respect and offer more vigorous responsesD are extremely violent

10. A problematic situation isA when we make a mistake in unknown environmentB when we make errors in another countryC when we don't care about the othersD there is no problematic situation

4. Every cultureA the same way to calm downB has its own way to calm downC tries to have less confl ictsD lets off steam with a lot of work

5. When you want to avoid a conflictA you must know what to doB you must be carefulC you must know what to do and what to sayD you must know what to say


6. In public confrontations the BritishA avoid open conflictB are vigorous in responseC are confronting openlyD are vigorous in response and confront openly

INTERVIEWER: Considering you belong to one of the glitziestprofessions there is, along with showbiz, you seem to have yourfeet pretty much on the ground.HELENA CHRISTENSEN: I truly believe that who you are is

because of your family, you know, the way that you were broughtup, the love that you get from your family, the discipline fromthem. It all goes back to childhood no matter what happens later inyour life. And also, probably, coming from Denmark has kept mevery grounded because there's not too much about fame, the sameway that other countries are obsessed with it. In Denmark it's whoyou are and you shouldn't think you are more than anybody else.And, all in all, I would really say that it has helped me coming froma country like Denmark.

INTERVIEWER: You have a really good reputation in the industryfor being very professional; you come in, you do the job, you gohome. There's no baggage, noJantrums and tempers.HELENA: Well, that's nice to hear, but, for me, that was the only

way to deal with the job because it's such a strange job. If I didn'tdo it that way, if I created problems for myself, not just coming in,showing up, doing the job and leaving, if I thought too much aboutit, then I don't know if I would've been able to do this job. I thinkthe only way to do it was just actually doing it that way.

7. In personal situations the BritishA are less conflictiveB are more agressiveC are extremely diplomaticD are looking for the middle route

8. In other cultures, in public confrontations peopleA make a lot of efforts to reduce the conflictB make less efforts to reduce the conflictC ignore the people aroundD don't do anything

9. In other cultures, in private conflictuaI situations peopleA offer more vigorous responsesB show more respect

INTERVIEWER: I know it's a difficult question, but why do youthink you rose to the top? Was it a mixture of talent and luck, beingin the right place at the right time? ,HELENA: It was a mixture of all that. You know, you can't reilily

define your look, or why your look was perfect for the time. But Iwas really lucky. When I went to Paris for the first time I didn'treally have any intentions of working as a model. I came down toeat, basically because I was invited to a week-end of good food,and it was the show week that week, and I went to see some clientsand met some of the most amazing people in the industry. But itwas not really that important to me. It wasn't what I wanted to doat that time.INTERVIEWER: What did you want to do?HELENA: Iwanted to travel the world and take photos. Most

people think I'm starting photography now, but actually, I did itbefore and did a bit of modelling in between.INTERVIEWER: Did a bit of modelling in between! That's one

way of putting it. Do you think that all those years that you spentin front of the camera make you a better photographer?HELENA: Obviously, working with some of the most amazing

photographers in the world, you soak it all in and get a bit of theirexperience. And I'm very curious about everything I see in life.

INTERVIEWER: What kind of photographs do you take, is itglamour shots or do you tend to go more for the real person as itwere, showing them 'as they really are, warts and all?HELENA: I'm definitely more into taking portraits of people as

they really are, getting something from them deep inside out throughtheir faces. And i.t's an amazing thing taking photographs, portraits,as every time it's such an intimidating sensation when you takeportraits of someone, and I know it makes me feel a little shy andnervous and it also makes the person that you do portraits to feel alittle strange about it because it's a very naked feeling to be thatclose to someone.

2. In Denmark peopleA are not preoccupied by fameB are obsessed by fameC crave for fameo consider fame useless

3. Coming from DenmarkA was an insignificant aspectB was the best thing in Helena's lifeC didn't matter too mucho helped Helena in her career

4. For the reporter being professional meansA just do your jobB come in time to workC go home after you've done your jobo come in, do your job and go home

5. Being a modelA is the strangest job in the worldB is a strange job to haveC is a pleasant jobo is a prosperous job6. Helena got to the topA because she was luckyB because she was in the right place at the right timeC because she had talent, luck and she was in the right place at

the right timeo because she had talent and she was lucky

7. The first time Helena went to Paris wasA for a photo shootingB to eat good food during one weekendC for a shooting and for good foodo to take photos

I. Helena considers that a person's way of being is due toA that person's familyB that person's friendsC that person's family and friendso all kind of factors

8. Helena started taking photosA when she was a modelB before she was a model

C before she was a model and during her model careero after her model days

were signing a promissory note to which every American was tofall heir. This note was a promise that all men. black men as well aswhite men. would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life,liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory

note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead ofhonoringthis sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people'a badcheck, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds".But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. Werefuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaultsof oPPOltunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check-a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom andthe security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot toremind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time toengage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drugof gradualism. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksandsof racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.(Martin Luther King, "/ Have a dream ", Speech delivered on 28

August /963, At the Lincoln Memorial)

9. Helena takes more portraits becauseA people's face is expressiveB this way things from the inside are taken outC the eyes show everythingo people are easy to work with

10. When one takes a portraitA the photographed person feels a little bit nakedB the photographer feels nakedC it's a great feelingo the photographer and the photographed person are too close

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer(A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. I. The Emancipation Declaration was signed by

A a wonderful AmericanB a great AmericanC great Americanso a great presidentFive years ago, a great American signed the Emancipa:ion

Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon I1ghtof hope to millions of negro slaves who had been seared in theflames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to endthe long night of their captivity.But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One

hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled bythe manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. Onehundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty inthe midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred yearslater, the Negro is still languished in the corners of Americansociety and finds himself an exiled in his own land. So we havecome here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check.When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words ofthe "Constitution" and the "Declaration of Independence", they

2. "The Proclamation" is a sign ofA hope for all the peopleB hope for the white peopleC freedomo hope for the black slaves

3. One hundred years later the NegroA is in his own landB has a big role in the American societyC feels isolated in his own lando has a better life

4. The architects of the country areA all the citizensB the white people

C the rich peopleD the leaders

5. The promissory note was forA black people and white peopleB the young peopleC the young people, for black people and white peopleD the rich


6. All men were guaranteed the rightA to lifeB to happinessC to freedomD to life, happiness, freedom

The world's scientists have given their harsh warning yet thatfailure to cut greenhouse gas emissions will bring devastating climatechange within a few decades. As droughts affect more areas formore prolonged periods. it is estimated that global food productionwill fall by 10%. Conversely. we are experiencing more .powerfulhurricanes which result in both human tragedy and costly damageto infrastructure. There are dire predictions of 80 millio[l peoplebeing exposed to malaria and 2,5 billion to dengue fever.The 2007 report the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(JPCC) concludes that average temperatures could increase by asmuch as 6.,4C by the end of the century if emissions continue torise at the present rate. However, they do concede that a rise of 4Cis more likely. The forecast is still higher than previous estimatesbecause scientists have discovered that the Earth is less able toabsorb carbon dioxide than previously believed.What would a 4C increase in temperature mean? According to

the IPeC, it would wipe out hundreds of species, bring extremefood and water shortages in vulnerable countries and hundreds ofmillions of people would be displaced as a result of catastrophicflooding. As warming is likely to be more severe towards the poles,the melting of the Greenland and west Antarctic ice sheets wouldaccelerate.Dr. Wainwright explained that the 2007 report painted a gloomier

picture than the 200 I report because scientists have discovered"feedbacks" in the global carbon cycle that seem to be adding to theamount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and producing acumulative effect. She goes on to suggest that this could mean atleast another 1C should be added to present estimates. Moreover,Dr. Wainwright concludes that there is little room for doubt thathuman activity is to blame for the global warming.However, Mark Gibson of Environment Watch goes to. great

lengths to point out that such an outcome is not inevitable. If there

7. The author considers AmericaA has respected the promise made to all menB hasn't respected the promise made to black peopleC has respected the promise made to the citizens of colourD has repe~ted the promise made to white people

8. The Africar-AmericansA were given a bad checkB received no moneyC received a blank checkD got what they wanted

9. The Afro-Americans want to cash the check which gives themA everything they wished forB richesC freedomD freedom and justice

10. The author wants all the people to beA solid like the rockB brothersC friendsD equals

were a significant switch to clean and resource efficient technologies,we should cut expected temperature rises by half. He stresses thatwhat is needed is international political commitment to take action -something which has been absent so far.(Extract ii'om "What's the Weather? " in New Scientist J 6. 09. 2000,

www.Newscientist.com )

C hunger may appear . .. .o hunger and big floods will appear and species will disappear

7. Dr. Wainwright saysA it's people's fault'for global warming "B we can doubt about people's contribution to global warmIngC global warming is not dangerous yet .o it's not just the people to blame for global warmIng1. The greenhouse gas emissions

A will cause devastating changes in futureB are devastatingC will be devastating for natureo are not dangerous yet

8. Mark Gibson says .A there is no chance for us to stop temperature risesB we might be able to cut temperature risesC we can't find solutions to our problemo nothing about temperature cuts2 Global food production

A won't be a problemB will be better by 10%C will be affected by 10%o will be by 10% bigger

9. Mark Gibson considersA politics can't helpB politics not importantC politics should get involvedD politics a cause for our problem3. The powerful hurricanes

A determine human tragediesB cause material damagesC have no solutiono cause human tragedies and material damages

10. PoliticiansA have been preoccupied by global warmingB don't have an opinionC showed no interest in global warmingo wanted to take action4. IPCC says

A temperature will be affected in futureB temperature will decreaseC temperature will be dangerous for peopleo nothing about temperature changes in future

5. Scientists discoveredA that the Earth can absorb more carbon dioxideB that the Earth can't absorb carbon dioxide as it did in the pastC the Earth has big problemsD noth~ng new


YOU'RE FAT? IT'S NOT YOU, IT'S THE GENES

6. If temperature increasesA floods will appear. B animal species disappear

CHOCOHOLICS no longer need to feel guilty about their craving.They are simply the victims of their genes, scientists have found.The so-called "sweet tooth gene" has been identified by separate

teams of researchers and helps explain why some find it harder to. resist chocolate bars and cream cakes.

It also raises the possibility of designing a drug which could "switchoff' the geNe and help people resist sugary foods. Children. inparticular, risk their health by eating too many sweets and chocolates.To identify the gene, the research teams - based at Harvard

Medical School in Boston and Mount Sinai School of Medicine inNew York - conducted almost .identical experiments using micewhich have differences in their ability to taste sweet foods. Theycompared the DNA of the two types of mice and noticed differencesin the gene called TI R3.Dr. Gopi Shanker, of the Mount Sinaiteam, said: "It contains information which produces a protein calledthe sweet taste receptor.This recognises the sweet content of food and initiates a cascade

of events which signal to the brain that a sweet food has been eaten.Dr. Shanker added: "Exactly the same gene exists in humans, so itmeans that, if your parents have a sweet tooth, then you probablywill as well."Research by the Harvard team has come to the same conclusion.But Aubrey Sheiham, professor of dental public health at University

College. London. said the results did not provide chocoholics withan excuse to give up dieting.

He said: "We have always known that some people have a sweetertooth than others. But it has also been proved that if you graduallyexpose people to less sugar. then the body becomes accustomedwith a lower level of sweetness.Mr. Sheiham warned against any form of gene therapy which

sought to deactivate the sweetooth gene.We have produced this gene through evolution because sweet

foods in nature are not poisonous and also give us energy. We allneed to have some sugar in our diet.The U.S. researchers are using their discovery to develop artificial

sweeteners without an aftertaste.("If bingeing on chocolate ... " by Paul Kendall, "Daily Mail

23.0-1.2000, "Daily Mail")

2. The sweet tooth gene explainsA-why we eat so much chocolateB why we eat creamy cakesC why we eat chocolate barsD wl~y it's so difficult to resist to eat sweets

3. A possible drug wouldA make us eat less sugarB be a huge progressC help us resist the temptationD not be good for the sweets companies

4. In their experiments with mice the researchers noticedA different things in a geneB the mice were identicalC the mice eat the same sweetsD nothing relevant

5. The sweet taste receptorA tells the brain what sweets have been eatenB announces the brain that the person has eaten a sweetC announces the brain how the body feelsD doesn't offer crucial information

6. If your parents have a sweet toohA you will have a stronger sweet toothB you might not have a sweet toothC a sweet tooth for you is out of the questionD you will have a sweet tooth too

l. Scientists have discovered that eating too much chocolateA is not healthyB is caused by the genesC is our faultD make as stronger

7. The results of the experimentsA were an excuse for chocoholics to give up dietingB didn't represent a reason for chocoholics to give up their dietC were not concludentD were the perfect excuse to continue eating

8. If people don't see/eat too many sweets/more sugarA the body gets used to fewer sweets/less sugarB the body craves for sweets

C it's dangerous for chocoholicso it's not a problem

Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom hewas presenting one of the letters of introduction, came into the nicedivision. ."Do you know many of the people round here?" asked niece,

when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion."Hardly a soul", said Framton. "My sister was staying here, at the

rectory, you ~now; some four years ago, and she gave me letters ofintroduction to some of the people here:'He made the last statementin a tone of distinct regret."Then you know practically nothing about my aunt?" pursued the

self-possessed young lady."Only her name and address", admitted the caller. He was wondering

whether Mrs. Sappleton was in the married or widowed state. Anundefinable something about the room seemed to suggest masculinehabitation."Her great tragedy happened just three years ago:' said the child;

"that would be since your sister's time:'"Her tragedy?" asked Framton; somehow in this restful country

spot tragedies seemed out of place."You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an

October afternoon," said the niece, indicating a large French windowthat opened on to a lawn."It is quite warm for the time of the year:' said Framton; "but has

that window got anything to do with the tragedyT'(Extract from "The Open Window", by Saki (H. H. Munro) from

www.classicsshorts.com )

9. One can have a dietA without any sugarB with a lot of sugarC with some sugaro with candies

10. The American researchersA want to create new kinds of sweetsB want to create artificial sweetenersC want to develop natural sweetenerso don't want artificial sweeteners


"My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel", said a very confidentyoung lady of fifteen; "in the meantime you must try and put upwith me."Framton Nuttel endeavoured to say the correct something which

should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discountingthe aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than everwhether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers woulddo much towards helping the nerve cure which has supposed to beundergoing."I know how it will be", his sister had said when he was prepairing

to migrate to his rural retreat; "you will bury yourself down thereand not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse thanever from moping. 1 shall just give you letters of introduction to allthe people 1 know there. Some of them, as far as 1 can remember,were quite nice."

1. Mr. NuttelA has to take care of the young ladyB has to stay with the little lady while waiting for her auntC has to tolerate the young ladyo is the girl's guest

2. Framton NuttelA was embarassed by the situationB was distant with the nieceC ignored Mrs. SappletonD flattered the young lady

3. Framton \luttelA considered the visits useful for the nerve cureB wasn't sure the visits were useful for the nerve cureC wanted the visits to help the nerve cureD was sure of the success of his visits

C the French window is opened on an October afternoonD the French window is not opened in October

10. Mr. NuttelA looks at the French windowB wonders if the window has a connection with the tragedyC wants to know if the window is FrenchD wants to know if the winodow has a tragic story

4. Framton NuttelA moved to a big rural mansionB moved to a rural houseC moved to a rural retreatD moved in with his sister

5. Framton Nuttel receive letters of introduction foA all the people his sister knowsB all the familiesC a few peopleD the richest people in the area

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer(A, B, C or D) which you think fits best ~ccording to the text.

TRAVELLING BY PLANE - "I FEEL ABOUT AIRPLANESf THE WAY I FEEL ABOUT DIETS."

6. Framton NuttelA knew Mrs SappIeton was from the nice categoryB knew Mrs. Sappleton would receive himC knew Mrs. Sappieton could help himD didn't know whether Mrs. Sappleton was from the nice category

"They are wonderful things for other people to go on," Jean Kerr,an American dramatist once quipped. Flying has become safer,faster and cheaper but it seems ever more stressful. One frequentcause is the noise that children, especially bored ones, inflict on theother travellers. A year ago one magazine proposed that all planesshould have child-free zones, just like no-smoking zones; children(and parents) should be confined to the back of the plane. As yet,sadly, no airline seems to agree that children should be screenedand not heared.Un'deterred, we would like to raise another case of what economists

call a negative externality. i.e. something which is nice for you butimposes costs on others. This is excessive carry-on luggage. InAmerica six out often passengers now take a suitcase on to a flightrather than check it in, three times as many as in 1990. The resultis delay, because flights take longer to board. Passengers trying tosqueeze 3-foot suitcases into 2-foot bins hold up, people trying toboard behind them. Some travellers have tried to take refrigerators,television sets and even a stuffed moose-head on board.The problems of both children and luggage could be solved in

one stroke by putting the children in the hold, to make more spacefor carry-on luggage. But that, we concede, might be unacceptable.Instead, to reduce delays, most airlines are rightly imposing str icter

49

7. Framton Nuttel knewA something about Mrs. SappletonB a lot about Mrs. SappletonC only the woman's name and addressD nothirig about the woman

8. Framton NuttelA was sure a man lived in Mrs. Sappleton's houseB had a feeling that a man lived in Mrs. Sappleton's houseC wanted to know about the masculine presence in the houseD didn't see a man in the house

9. In the houseA the windows are opened on an October afternoonB the windows are opened on a September afternoon

limits on the size or weight of bags that can be carried on to planes.This has provoked outrage as passengers are forcibly separatedfrom their belongings at check-in. Understandably: if you putluggage in the hold, you have to wait ages for it at the other end -if it shows up at all.Once you have experienced the nightmare of waiting at the

luggage carousel until it stops, with no sign of the suitcase youchecked in, it is clear why people prefer to lug their cases on board.You took a flight from London to Tokyo; your luggage and yoursmart clothes decided to hop on to one to Los Angeles. Not anexternality but certainly negative.In America only 0,5% of bags go missing, but if you are a frequent

traveller, that risk is too high. A survey of 150 frequent fliers foundthat two thirds had experienced some sort of delay or loss to theirluggage in the previous 12 months. And, if luggage remains lost,your likely compensation is paltry - a maximum of$I,250 regardlessof whether your clothes were bought at Wal-Mart or Armani.If airlines are to restrict carry-ons, therefore, they also need to

offer better compensation for delayed or lost luggage. At the leastthey should extend frequent-flier miles to luggage as well as itsowner: if your luggage travels to Tokyo via Los Angeles, you shouldget triple frequent-flier miles.In addition, passengers could be made to pay if they want to take

extra luggage on board. Better still, given the frequent correlationbetween the size of the traveller and the weight of his (yes, his)carry-on, why not take a tip from Papua New Guinea? When flyingwithin the country, a passenger used to be weighed along with hisluggage before boarding the plane. Fight the flaband you can bringyour bag on board. Aeroplanes and diets would then indeed beclosely connected.(Extract from "Gh, what a carryon! ", The Economist Newspaper

Limited, London)

2. A magazine suggestedA children should not be allowed on planesB that the planes should have special chairs for children -C that the planes should have zones where children shouldn't be

allowedD more non-smoking zones

3. AirlinesA take into consideration putting the children and their parents at

the back of the planeB don't agree with the isolation of the children on planesC want to keep the children screened and not heardD ignore all the problems

4. Another problem regarding flying isA the luggageB the pilotsC the food and the blanketsD the the food, blankets and luggage

5. Unchecked luggage causesA much money to be paidB nervesC boarding delayD much money to be paid and nerves

6. TravellersA put too many things for the number of suitcases they haveB take only what they needC take stupid things from the duty free shopsD take many suitcases

1. For Jean Kerr flying isA cheaper and fasterB safer, faster and more stressfulC safer, faster, cheaper and more stressfulD cheaper, faster and safer

7. Airlines are imposingA weight limjts for the bagsB size limits for the bagsC size and weight limits for the bagsD nothing

8. Passengers don't like when theyA are separated from their belongingsB have to respect weight limitsC have to take one bag with them on the planeD are separated from their belongings at the check-in

9. When you travel by plane there is a risk thatA you take 'other person's luggageB your luggage is stolenC your luggage doesn't appear at the carouselD your luggage is confiscated

weak and tired in the real world. We've seen the headlines. "Pressuresof work too much for our teenagers", they scream. Now we haveMr. Marsh's contribution about too many horrid exams spoiling theschool's broth.In our child-obsessed society, the worst sin of all is to stop a child

having 'fun". It is right up there with smacking in the new milleniumbook of bad parenting. Children must be endlessly indulged, treatedwith kid gloves, escorted to amusement parks, given computergames and showered with pocket money.They must never have a minute when they're neither protected

nor enjoying themselves. Heavens forbid that they should be told tostudy, strive and compete - words which seem to have taken on thequality of blasphemy.But whoever said school was meant to be fun? Yes, school is

a place where a child develops and a rounded curriculum is vital.Our children should play sports, do drama, join choirs, hang out atplaytimes. The rest of the time, however, they are there to learn andto achieve some basic qualifications that will, whether they want toaccept it or not, cushion them when life gets really hard. Yet, in thecurrent climate, saying that exams matter is tantamount to sayingthat our children should spend their teenage years at an Army bootcamp.This is the same mentality that dictates there should be no winners

at sports day in case other children get upset by coming second. It'sthe same misguided attitude that drives parerts to spray their kidswith antiseptic to protect them from all known germs when actuallythey only end up sickly because their immune system never develops.Cosseting children in cotton wool does them few favours in thelong run.Mr. Marsh is right when he says that we should shelter our

children from the pressures of growing up too soon but there is adifference between sheltering and smothering.

If he really wanted to do us all a favour in his speech, he shouldhave told parents to get real. School can be tough and exams alwaysare but then so is life - and it's best that children learn thatparticular lesson ~s early as possible.(Extract from "Don't criticise exams ... ", "Daily Express, 28.09.2000)

10. Planes and dietsA have nothing in commonB are both usefulC are for men and women alikeD have the weight as common element


They're a lesson in life! .George Marsh, head of posh Dulwich College Preparatory School

in London, probably thought he was doing kids and parents afavour with his rousing speech at the annual prep school conferencethis week.

He spoke of the pressures facing young people, who need to benurtured during difficult pre-teen and teenage yea:s. Ab.ove all,. hesaid, we had researched a stage where the obsesSIOn wIth passmgexams was "killing the fun" of school. .We've all read this before. We've heard of the burnout kIds,

pushed by ambitious parents until they're at the end.oftheir tethers,and gasped at the stories of the hothouse tloer chddren who feel

1. George Marsh talked aboutA being a teenagerB the pressures faced by the youngstersC teenager problemsD parents and teenagers

C with treatments against germsD with vitamins

8. Mr. Marsh underlinesA the problems in raising a childB the importance of sheltering the childrenC the importance of smothering the childrenD the difference between smothering and sheltering

2. People are familiar withA the idea that the children are burnt outB the idea that parents are very ambitiousC children being greatD children being burnt out because of ambitious parents

9. Mr. Marsh should have told the parentsA to be carefulB to be real parentsC to get realD to pay attention

3. The headlines scream thatA there is too much pressure on childrenB children aren't left aloneC parents spoil all the funD children are tired

10. It's best for the children to learn that schooL exams and lifeare toughA very earlyB later in lifeC as early as possibleD when it's possible

4. In our society it is considered like a blasphemyA to tell a child to work hard, study, compete and respectB to tell a child to work hardC to tell a child to compete, to work hard and to studyD to tell a child to study

5. At s'chool the childrenA play sports and do dramaB join the choirC study, play sports, do drama, join the choir, socializeD make friends


6. Some people consider it's betterA to have no winners at sportsB to have all the children on the second place at sportsC not to have competitions at sportsD competition is not important

When the 27-year-old Susan Maushart arrived at her maritalhome with her new husband after their honeymoon, she foundherself suddenly acting very strangely. She proceeded directly tothe bathroom and started cleaning and didn't stop until it had beenscrubbed and polished from top to bottom.When that was done, she moved to the kitchen, pulled out a

recipe book and started work on a casserole. Perfectly normalbehavoiur for some blushing brides maybe, but for Maushart, anardent feminist and hardened New Yorker who'd previously existedon fast food, this was decidedly out of character. "It was like some

7. Some parents protect their childrenA by spraying them with antisepticB by giving them antiseptic substances

weird way of marking out female territory", she says. "Scrubbingthe bathroom felt good. Wifely, even."What Maushart had unwittingly found herself doing was participating

in what she now terms "wifework" - that is the extra, unpaid labourthat a woman takes on when she ties the knot. "I thought I was thelast person it would happen to", she says. "But when I got married ametaniorphosis happened to me, it was bizarre."In her book, entitled "Wifework", Maushart sets out to explain

. why an intelligent PhD student like herself should suddenly regressinto archetypal fifties housewife mode. And by contemplating marriagein terms ofa simple calculation - a balance sheet, if you like, of thecost of getting hitched weighed up against the benefits - Maushartdraws some disturbing conclusions."The moment a man gets married", Maushart says, "his domestic

workload almost disappears. He immediately gets about 70 per centless cleaning, 50 per cent less cooking and 90 per cent less laundry.There are nowhere near these benefits for a woman when she getsmarried. And these days you're at pains to deny that you're doingit because apart from being exhausted by it, you're ashamed ofyourself. "

Maushart's motivation comes perhaps from her own maritalexperiences. Perhaps the alarm bells should have started ringingprior to tying the knot on her happy day. "[ remember being surprisedwhen he requested, rather firmly, that [ refrain from smoking duringour outdoor wedding reception.", she writes of her husband-to-be inthe book. "But why now?" I wanted to know. "My cigarettes havenever bothered you before. And everybody else will be smoking." "I'djust prefer that you didn't", he replied evenly.Things quickly went from bad to worse and within three years,

the marriage had broken down and they went their separate ways.Drawing together research from the UK, America and Australia,

"Wifework" is littered with some highly revealing nuggets ofinformation. That two thirds to three-quarters of divorces are initiatedby women, that ex-wives are much slower to re-marry than husbands,and that wives reported levels of depression two or three timeshigher than unmarried women.(Extract from "A woman's work is never done" by Lena Corner

copyright Independent News and Media Limited/Lena Corner 2002.first published in "The Independent" on 14.01.02)

1. Susan Maushart marriedA when she was very youngB at the age of twenty-sevenC very quicklyD in her husband's home

2. When Susan came from her honeymoon she firstA cookedB washed the clothesC cleaned the bathroomDate

3. When she cooked SusanA used a recipe she knew by heartB cooked her favourite dishC used a cookery bookD an old recipe book

4. Susan's behaviour at her return from the honeymoon wasA was normalB wasn't normal for a feminist like herC was of great characterD was great

5. SusanA lives in New YorkB considers that it is hard to live in New YorkC hates New YorkD wants to leave New York

6. For Susan "wifework" meansA a wife's workB a woman's work in the houseC unpaid work done by the wifeD unpaid work done by the wife after she has married

7. After a man and a woman get marriedA the man works less around the houseB the woman works less around the houseC the man works moreD the woman works more around the house

"Well, it seems to me that here are at least three areas worthlooking into, I announced. following close behind Will. as headvanced up the slope in long strides." The first is to check out theLondon end, which I'll arrange. The second is to make sure that nolocal infonnation has been missed - make sure the police havemade sufficient house-to-house enquiries, asked the neighbours ifthey saw anything odd, that sort of thing. Sometimes neighboursdon't realize the value of what they've seen, don't think of tellinganyone about it until they're actually asked. The third ... "Will.listening hard, slowed down and I almost bumped into him ..." is todecide if the police search was adequate, to make sure they haven'tgone to or"' - it had to be said - "been taken to. I would add a fourtharea - forensic testing, fingerprints and so on - but ifit wasn't donealmost immediately .. ." ,'It wasn't", he reported darkly. "And voudidn't notice anything when you got back that morning - or si;ce?Tyre marks, smears of dirt, footprints, things like that?""No!" The agitation had come back into his face and I added

hastily, "It was only a thought. It's very rare to find anything likethat." Reaching the path, Will paused. "Look... perhaps it might bethe best if you did go and talk to the police", he said awkwardly."you know which questions to ask." I said, in a rush, "Of course.""I always get so angry when I see them! I feel they're being so

bloody useless! And the way they look at me, Alex! I know whatthey're thinking - they made it so bloody obvious!" He gave a shortbitter laugh before shooting me a quick glance to see if I couldguess what was coming. "They think I'm responsible! They think Imust have done away with her." "They're bound to think that." Hewasn't quite sure how to take this remark. "The great majority ofdisappearances are linked to family situations," I explained. "Tostress or money worries. Or violence within the family. It's astatistics that gets drummed into the police, I'm ~farid. They're aptto get tunnel vision." He gave a long ragged sigh which was almosta laugh. "So I shouldn't take it personally?" "Absolutely not.""You're sure about that?" But he wasn't really expecting an answerand, walking on, we fell into step. Aware of his eyes on me, I lookedacross at him. He said, in a rough voice, "Glad you're here, Alex.""Me too." And I reached for his hand and squeezed it.(Extracts from "A Dark Devotion ". by Claire Francis copyright

Pan Macmillan/Calire Francis 1997)

8. After getting man-iedA the man has more benefitsB the woman has more benefits, the mas has fewer benefitsC the mas has fewer benefitsD the Woman has fewer benefits, the man has more benefits

9. At the wedding reception, Susan's husband asked herA to quit smokingB not to smoke during the receptionC to smoke lessD to smoke just a few cigarettes

10. Who have stronger depressions?A wivesB single womenC lonely womenD lonely wives


"So, who was the last person to see Grace before she disappeared?""We don't know". His voice rose again in agitation. "Well, thepolice aren't sure, which amounts to the same thing. After Charliegot back from school, Grace took him over to Mum's .. .""She drove?" "Yes. She stayed for a while, then drove back

home." "At what timeT "About four, I think." "So, after Maggie,no one else seems to have seen her?" "Well, no one so far. Butsomeone might well have seen her driving back or parking the caror going into the house. Or .. ." I thought he was being ratheroptimistic. Marsh House stood alone at the end of the quay somedistance from the nearest house. It was perfectly possible that shehad returned home - or travelled elsewhere - unseen.

1. The missing person isA GraceB CharlieC MaggieD not known

C the rolice are awkwardD the police are suspicious

8. The person who knows which questions to ask the police isAAle>-.B WillC GraceD Maggie

2. Charlie isA a boyB a girlC it doesn'{ sayD we don't know

9. WillA thinks the police consider him responsibleB is responsible for the disappearanceC is afraid to go to the policeD has no problems

3. The last person who saw Grace wasA CharlieB MaggieC the policemanD the author

10. Disappearances are connected withA family situations, stressB money worries and familyC money worries, stress or family situations, violence in the familyD money worries and vilence

4. There is the possibility that GraceA returned homeB went to another placeC went to another place without being seen by anybodyD went to another place and being seen by somebody

5. The search hasA three optionsB two optionsC four optionsD no solutions


6. The policeA looked for fingerprints immediatelyB found some fingerprintsC ignored the fingerprintsD didn't look for fingerprints immediately

For the first time in my life I have been dumped by a friend. Ishould have seen it coming: the phone calls not returned, theexcuses about "not feeling very sociable right now", the emails thatI~nguished unreplied in the ether. Yet the letter suggesting that thetime had come for us to move on still came as a shock.

It didn't seem to fit in with our modern ideal of friendship. Asgrowing numbers of us live alone, friends are becoming moreimportant. They are our families of choice, we're told, taking ontheroles of parents, spouse, sibling - and best friend.Tula and I had been firm friends for nearly ten years. We met at

a singing workshop and took to each other immediately. She was

7. Will considersA the police are angryB the police are of no use

warm and vivacious, and we shared an enthusiasm for grapplingwith life's conundrums over glasses of wine or long walks in thecountry. She helped me to move house and, when her long-termpartner walked out, I put the kettle on and supplied tissues.But life changed for both of us: I got married and she responded to

her newly single status by developing a fresh set of social networks.Then she took a long holiday, reviewed her life and decided what tokeep and what to throw out. In her letter she described our friendshipas a "borderline" case and suggested it might be time we "let eachother go."I'm all for letting go of bad habits and boxes of old school

exercise books. I've even deleted the names of acquaintances notseen for one year to the next from my address book.' But surely closefriends are not consumer. goods to be discarded or replaced at hefirst hint of trouble. We are encouraged to believe that friends willbe around for ever. "You've got a friend", sang Carole King and "I'llbe there for you" promissed the theme tune of "Friends". Suchsentiments have sunk deep into the collective unconsciousness, orinto mine, at least.So, what did I do with Tula's letter? I re-read it umpteen times,

agonized over where I'd gone wrong. And then I wrote back. "Yes,you're right", I wrote, "things have changed. But aren't we goodenough friends to hang in there?" Since then we have exchanged acouple of e-mails. A walk has been suggested. It would be easy notto make the effort and let this friendship go, but "Stay" is a charmingword in a friend's vocabulary!"(Extract from "End of the Friendship" by Jane Munro The

Times/Jane Munro 2006, first published in The Times on 04.03. 06)

3. Tula's break up letterA was unexpectedB was expectedC was quite longD was rather short

4. Tula and the author had been friendsA for ten years .B since the age of tenC for almost ten yearsD for life

5. The long-term-partner dumpedA TulaB the authorC it doesn't sayD a young lady

6. When the author married, TulaA went on holiday to the seasideB was happyC was the same person she was beforeD met new people

7. The author considers close friendsA can be replacedB are like consumer goodsC can't be replacedD useful

t. The authorA knew her friend would dump herB didn't expect to be dumped by her friendC didn't want to be dumped by her friendD wanted to dump her friend

2. The ending point of the friendship was represented byA the not returned phone callsB the unreplied emailsC different excusesD a letter

8. !he id~a of friends being around for ever can be foundA 10 movIe soundtracks .B songsC movie soundtracks and songsD books

9. In her letter the authorA gives up her friendship with TulaB doesn't give up her friendship with TulaC is distantD doesn't want Tula back

10. The authorA is willing to make efforts to keep their friendshipB doesn't like the word "stay"C wants to stayD wants Tula to stay


There was a man who had two sons; and the younger of them saidto his father, "Father, give me the share of property that falls to me".And he divided his living between them. Not many days later, theyounger son gathered all he had and took his journey into a farcountry, and there he squandered his property in loose living.And when he had spent everything, a great famine arose in that

country, and he began to be in want. So he went and joined himselfto one of the citizens of that country, who sent him into his fieldsto feed swine.And he would gladly have fed on the pods that the swine ate; and

no one gave him anything. But when he came to himself he said,"How many of my father's hired servants have bread enough andto spare but] perish here with hunger! I will arise and go to myfather, and I will say to him, "Father, I have sinned against Heavenand before you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treatme as one of your hired servants:'And he arose and came to his father. But while he was yet at a

distance, his father saw him and had compassion and ran, embracedhim and kissed him.And the son said to him: "Father, I have sinnedagainst heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be calledyour son."But the father said to his servants: "Bring quickly the best robe,

and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet;and bring the fatted calf and kill it, and let us eat and make merry;for this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and isfound". And they began to make merry.

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Now his elder son was in the field; and as he came and drew nearto the house, he heard music and dancing. And he called one of theservants and asked what this meant.And he said to him: "Your brother has come, and your father has

killed the fatted calf, because he has received him safe and sound."But he was angry and refused to go in. His father came out. andentreated him, but he answered his father, "Look, these many yearsI have served you, and I never disobeyed your command; yet younever gave me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends. Butwhen this son of yours came, who has devoured your living withharlots, you killed for him the fatted calf!"And he said to him, "Son, you are. always with me, and all that is

mine is yours. It was fitting to make merry and be glad, for yourbrother was dead, and now is alive; he was lost, and is found."("The Parable of The Prodigal Son", in The Gospel of Luke, The

New Testament of The Bible, 15: 11-32)

1. The father gave the share of property toA the elder sonB none of his sonsC the younger sonD both his sons

2. When the younger son spent all his money heA gave fOQd to the swineB bought swine to make profitC ate swineD killed swine

3. The younger son intends toA make money againB ask for his father's forgivenessC ask for much money from his fatherD steal from his father

4: The younger son is willing toA administrate his father's moneyB be his brother's right handC work as a servantD what his brother tells him to do

5. The younger son receives from his fatherA moneyB a robe and a ring .C some shoes, a robe, a ring and moneyD shoes, a robe and a ring


6. The elder sonA is happy for his brotherB is angryC wants to make merry with his famillyD goes to the party

I had scribbled in my diary as if to make it irrevocable: "I shalltake a child out of Sarajevo when I leave. Check orphanage aboutlittle girl Natasha! A decision had been made and that was that! ButI had overlooked a rather crucial point; would the orphanage allo"wNatasha to leave and did she want to go with a complete stranger?That evening 1persuaded our interpreter, Jacko, against his better

judgement, to take me back up to the Ljubica Ivezic orphanage, adangerous journey at dusk through the hills, when the gunnersbegan to adjust their sights on the city in readiness for their night'sdeadly employment. The streets were empty, the city's people alreadyback in their attics or their cellars to hide the night away in darknessand much fear."Why Natasha?" Vera Zoric, the director, was not as surprised as

I had expected. I explained there were other children in her care Icould choose if she thought Natasha was not the right choice or ifshe felt another boy or girl had a greater priority. I would leave itto her to decide, assum ing I had her agreement and support."But why Natasha?" she asked again. I shrugged. Why do you

select one among so many? Why is one face remembered above therest? "She shines", I said. Mrs. Zoric did not understand but Jackoexplained and she laughed.

I went on: "She doesn't seem to belong here." "None of thembelong here." "She seems different to me."She came to me and held my hand in both of hers. "You want to

take this child out of Bosnia and in normal times you could not. Butthese are not normal times. My children are in danger and everyday I am working to find a way to get them out... anywhere, toanyone who will look after them. I do not care where they go aslong as they are safe, where there are no shells and no bombing,away from Sarajevo."(Extracts from "Welcome to Sara;evo" by Michael Nicholson

Faber and Faber Publishers/Michael Nicholson 1994)

7. The elder sonA disobeyed his father in the pastB made merry with his friendsC didn't disobey his father in the pastD wanted his share

8. The elder son complainsA he didn't get a kid from his fatherB about his father's attitudeC about crucial thingsD about nothing

9. The parentA didn't care about the elder sonB didn't care about the younger sonC loved his sonsD loved the younger son more

10. The parent is happy becauseA the younger son came backB of the partyC the younger son came back and has changedD the younger son has changed

1. The authorA !s not sur~ about taking a child OLitof SarajevoB IS determmed to take a child out of SarajevoC has doubts about taking a child out of SarajevoD doesn't know what to do

C because she is niceo without any reason.

8. In normal timeA the author couldn't take NatashaB the author could take NatashaC it would be easy to take NatashaD Natasha wouldn't want to leave

2. The author wants to take Natasha fromA the orphanageB the streetsC a poor familyD dangerous orphanage 9. Safety for the children means

A no bombsB no shellsC being away from SarajevoD no bombs, no shells, being away from Sarajevo

3. JackoA wanted to take the author back to the orphanageB didn't want to take the author back to the orphanageC had to take the author back to the orphanageo got a lot of money to take the author back to the orphanage

4. The jourey to the orphanacre was madeA during the day '='B when it was darkC i.n the morningD in the afternoon

10. Vera ZoricA cares about the childrenB doesn't care about the childrenC wants to get rid of the childreno doesn't want to help the children

5. People hidA in cellarsB in atticsC in attics or cellarsD where they could


6. The author wanted to take out of SarajevoA any childB only NatashaC if not Natasha then another childD a boy

Few people would contest the value of the arts in a civilizedsociety. Great art enriches people's lives by providing pleasure,stimulation and an escape from the pressures of everyday life.However, it is also true that many of the arts, such as classicalmusic, the ballet, and the visual arts have always attracted a minorityaudience. The question is whether the arts should be publicly funded,or whether it is the consumers who should pay.

It is my view that the government should subsidize the arts, fora number of reasons. First of all, without 'subsidies, many artists

7. The author wants NatashaA because she has a shining faceB because she is different

would undoubtedly be unable to survive financially. Governmentgrants can enable them to work with artistic freedom and integrity,whereas if they worked independently or relied on private subsidiesthey might be subject to market pressures and the need to makeprofit. Secondly, the arts contribute to a nation's cultural heritageand can create a sense of social cohesion and identity. They canalso play an important role in education, comlnunity regenerationand even crime prevention.However, the main argument for public funding of the arts is not

social usefulness, but rather because they are important for theirown sake.Of course, there are those who argue that public money would be

better spent on meeting the needs of the poorer members of society,and on healthcare, education, and social welfare schemes, ratherthan catering for the interests of an elite. However, I believe that ahealthy society is one in which art and creativity are valued alongsidethese basic needs. Indeed, a civilized society ought to make the artsaccessible to everyone, regardless of their background or income.In conclusion, the arts should be funded across a broad spectrum

of activities, for example: by supporting community or school theatreprojects, or bringing sculptures and art installations to public places.This is not for purely social reasons, but because enjoyment of artis part of what it means to be human.

C should be helped by its consumerso need no help

4. Money from the Government ensuresA the artist's objectivityB the artist's popularityC the artist's richnesso the artist's integrity and objectivity

5. The arts meanA richnessB povertyC unityo richness and unity6. Funding the arts is good because they are usefulA from the social point of viewB from the financial point of viewC for old peopleo for rich people7. In a healthy society we have to cherish.A creativityB the artC the art and creativityo everything

1. The art offersA pleasure and stimulationB an escape from everyday life pressures, pleasure and stimulation,

relaxationC pleasure, stimulation and an escape from everyday life pressureso relaxation

2. The arts attractA a lot of peopleB not that many personsC the majority of peopleo the minority of people

8. The artsA should be accessible to the educated personsB should be accessible to the richC should be accessible to all the peopleo shouldn't be accessible to any kind of people

9. Bringing sculptures to the public places isA good for the artistic areaB bad for the artistic area

3. The author considers the artsA should be helped financially by the GovernmentB should be helped with publicity by the Government

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e not important for the artistic areaD a way to make money

10. To be human in some part meansA to organize artistic eventsB to adore the arte to enjoy the artD to help the art

I. The author moved to the USA when she was in kindergarten.B Wrong

2. The author liked her first weeks in the USA.A Right

3. High school girls wore uniforms in the USA.e Doesn't say4. The author had a perm.A Right

5. In Korea girls hold hands with girls

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