Engleza Pentru Incepatori - Lectia 09-10

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1. Articolul hotiirat the: RECAPITULARE Daca euvantul care urmeaza dupa artieolul hotiirat ineepe eu 0 voeala, atunei pronuntia articolului hotarat este [DZi]: > [kEts] > [hauziz] > > [basiz] > [ka:rz] > [deiz] ships the school the apple the table the time - cats - buses > [IYi Epl] > rlYi ail - houses - days - cars the eye the applc the train the tower the office bus house ship the car day cat car Daea ultima litera a euvantului este s, sh, ch, x atunci pluralul se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -es, care se pronunta [iz]: Daea insa substantivulla singular se termina eu un sunet sonor, atunei terminatia de plural se pronunta [z]: Daea substantivul la singular se termina eu un sunet surd; atunei termina\ia de plural se pronunta [s]: book - books > [buks] 2. De cCIe l1111i Illllite ori 1(1I"nHII1l plundlll slIhstantivclor adaugand euvalltului terrninatia -s: suit suits > [su:ts] De acum inainte yom incepe lectiile cu 0 scurta recapitulare a materialului anterior. Tot aici vor fi prezentate de gramatica din lectia urmatoare.

Transcript of Engleza Pentru Incepatori - Lectia 09-10

  • 1. Articolul hotiirat the:

    RECAPITULARE

    Daca euvantul care urmeaza dupa artieolul hotiirat ineepe eu 0 voeala, atunei pronuntiaarticolului hotarat este [DZi]:

    > [kEts]

    > [hauziz]

    > [~ips]

    > [basiz]

    > [ka:rz]

    > [deiz]

    ships

    the school

    the apple

    the table

    the time

    - cats

    - buses

    > [IYi Epl]> rlYi ail

    - houses

    - days

    - cars

    the eye

    the applc

    the train

    the tower

    the office

    bus

    house

    ship

    the car

    day

    cat

    car

    Daea ultima litera a euvantului este s, sh, ch, x atunci pluralul se formeaza prin adaugareaterminatiei -es, care se pronunta [iz]:

    Daea insa substantivulla singular se termina eu un sunet sonor, atunei terminatia de plural sepronunta [z]:

    Daea substantivul la singular se termina eu un sunet surd; atunei termina\ia de plural sepronunta [s]:book - books > [buks]

    2. De cCIe l1111i Illllite ori 1(1I"nHII1l plundlll slIhstantivclor adaugand euvalltului terrninatia -s:suit suits > [su:ts]

    De acum inainte yom incepe lectiile cu 0 scurta recapitulare a materialului anterior. Tot aici vor fiprezentate cuno~tintele de gramatica din lectia urmatoare.

  • Sa repctilm cuvintele, intr-o alta ordine:

    fncepem lectia lnvatiind obi~nuitul set de cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie elar ~i cu voce tate:

    quarter >[kuo:rtar] - sfert, sfert de ceas/ora

    tie >[tai] -cravata

    husband :{hazband] - sot

    parents >[pearants] - parinti

    hospital >[hospitl] - spital, clinica

    shirt :{~a:rt] -cama~ii

    lamp >[lEmp] -lampli

    breakfast >[brEkIast] -mic dejun

    dining-room >[dainin(g) ru:m] - sufragerie

    bookcase >[bukkeis] - raft, biblioteca

    plant >[pla:nt] - plantii

    " "PARTEA INTAILECTIA 9,

    quarter >[kuo:rtar] - sfert, sfert de ceas/ora

    husband >[hazband] - sot

    bookcase > Ibukkeis] - raft, biblioteca

    lamp :{lEmp] -lampa

    plant >[pla:nt] - planta

    tie >ftai] - cravatll

    dining-room ~~ dllin i Il(~) I'll: III I ,,~ sufragerie

    breakfast :~ hrW, lilsll mic dejun

    parents ;'1 pClIrilllls! pilrin(i

    shirt >f ~il:ll] """ cl'una~ll

    hospital >[hospitJ] -- spital, clinica

  • Retineti utilizarea cuvilntului for in urmatoarele expresii:

    Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele nou invatate:

    - Acasa avem multe plante.

    Vreau sa cumpar 0 cama~a.

    - Sotul ei este bogat.

    - Aceste lampi sunt scumpe.

    _.0 Acela este pe raft.

    - Este cinci ~i un sfert.

    - Eu iau des micul dejun la ~apte.

    - Nu-i plac cravatele.

    - Ii cuno~ti pe parintii lui?

    - Avem 0 sufragerie mare.

    - Trebuie sa merg la spital.

    - There are many> plants in our house.

    - My> shirts are cheap.

    - I want to have this green> lamp.

    - I must buy a> tie.

    - Your> husband is my brother.

    - Are his > parents also here?

    - They are coming in a > quarter of an hour.

    - Ce iti place sa manancila micul dejun?

    - Ce este azi la micul dejun?

    - My father must go to > hospital.

    - Put this> bookcase in our bedroom.

    - We usually eat in the> dining-room.

    - What do you like to eat for> breakfast?

    >rrYi:zIEmps a:' ikspensiv]

    >[ it iz Oil IYil bllkkeis]

    >[ha: r hazband iz rit~]

    >[lli: hEv meni pla:nts Ethaum]

    >[its a k"o:'tar pa:st faiv]

    > [du iu: nau hiz pearants]

    >[ai ofn i:t brEkrast Et sevn]

    >[hi: damt laik taiz]

    >[ ai mast gau tu hospitl]

    >[ ai "0ll tlll hai a ~it:'!1

    >[lli; hEv a la:fdjdainin(g) ru:m]

    What do you like to eatfor breakfast?

    What's for breakfast today?

    Her husband is rich.

    We have many plantsat home.

    It's a quarter past five.

    Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii. Repetati-le cu voce tare ~i titi atenti la prommtia lor:

    These lamps are expensive.

    Do you know his parents?

    Ei yin peste un sfert de ora.

    Sotul tau este fratele meu.

    Eu vreau sa am aceasta lampa verde.

    De obicei milncam in sufragerie.

    We have a large dining-room.

    Tatal meu trebuie sa mearga la spital.

    He doesn't like ties.

    P!!Ae aceasta biblioteca in donnitorul nostru.

    I want to buy a shirt.

    Ce iti place sa mananci la micul dejun?

    Trebuie sa cumpar 0 cravata.

    Sunt ~i parmtii lui aici?

    I often eat breakfast at seven.

    Cama~ile mele sunt ieftine.

    It is on the bookcase.

    I must go to hospital.

    In casa noastra sunt mUlte plante.

  • Sa vedem daca ati retinut cuvintelenoi. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:

    Daca mergem la spital in caUtate de vizitator sau ca membru al personalului, atunei spunem:

    >Put these books on the bookcase.

    >Must I also take a tie?

    >Thesc plants must be in the garden.

    >1 don't like to be in hospitaL

    >Can we eat breakfast together?

    >My husband always drives the car.

    . Ell la intotdeauua mieul dejun la ~apte.

    >It's a quarter past two.

    >We can smoke in the dining-room.

    >Which shirt can I take?

    >These lamps are nice, but tooexpensive.

    >My parents have little money.

    - 1ti place vara?

    - Cina pe care 0 mananc acum este buna.

    - Trebnie sa merg la spital.

    - Merg la spital in fiecare zi.

    S0tu1 meu conduce intotdeauna ma~ina.

    Este doua ~i un sfert. (Este trecut cu15 minute de ora doua.)

    Nu-mi place sa fiu in spitaL

    Aceste plante trebuie sa fie in grMina.

    Putem sa luam impreuna micul dejuil?

    Care cam~a pot s-o iau?

    Parintii mei au bani putini.

    Putem sa fumam in sufragerie.

    Trebuie sa iau ~i 0 cravam?

    Do you like summer'?

    Aceste veioze sunt frumoase, dar preascumpe.

    Pune aceste cacti in biblioteca.

    She always cats breakfllst at sewn.

    Inaintea denumirii meselor principale, folosite la modul general:

    The dinner which I am eating now is good.

    Daca vrem sii ne referim la 0 masii, sau la un anotimp anume, atunci trebuie safolosim articolulhotiirdt the.

    I must go to hospital.

    I go to the hospital every day.

    !naintea denumirU anotimpuri/or, dacli Ie jhlosim la modul general:

    Acum yom invata cateva verbe Doi:

    Inaintea cuviintului hospital- spital, clinica nufolosim articolul hotiirdt, daciiparticipam la activitatein calitate de bolnav:

    to park ::{ tu pa:Ck] - a parca, a stalionato get up ::{ tu get ap] - a se ridica in picioare,

    a se scula din pat

    to put on ::{tu put on] - a se imbraca, a ~ezato stay ::{tu steil - a sta, a ramane

    Articolul hotiidit the se poate amite In cazul unor cuvinte ca: mother, father, town, church, music.In cele ce urmeazii vaprezentiim ~i alte cazuri asemiiniitoare, ca de exemplu:

  • Pentru exersarea cuvintelor noi completati urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza:

    Verbul to have eu sensul: a avea, a poseda nu sefolose!jte la prezentul continuu.ln unele situafii fnsii,eu ajutorullui fnloeuim alte verbe. In aeeste eazuri putem folosi verbul to have :;i la timpul prezentcontinuu:

    Sa introducem verbele noi in propozitii:

    - In Romania starnintotdeauna la hotel.

    - a face, a confeqiona

    - a lua micul dejun

    - Pot sa (rna) imbrac (cu) costumultatalui meu?

    - Ei confectioneaza scauneill aceasta fabrica.

    - Maine trebuie sa rna scolla 6 dimineata.

    - Poti sa parchezi m~inaaiei.

    - La ce ora iei de obieeimicul dejun?

    to have breakfast

    to have a cigarette

    to have tca

    - Ce fel de ceai bea el acum?

    - John fumeaza a patra tigara.

    - I must> stay in hospital for ten days.

    - We can't> park in this street.

    - I don't like to > get up in the morning.

    - Do you always> have breakfast at eight?

    - > Put on a white shirt.

    - My father is > making a bookcase now.

    - lei acum micul dejun?

    >[tu meik]

    >[tu hEy brEkfast]

    >[Uot taim du iu: iu:jualihEy brEkfast]

    >[liunorau ai mast get apI':t siks in DZa mo:'nin(g)]

    >[DZei meik t~ea'z inDZjs fEktari]

    >[ ill: kEn pa:'k DZa ka:'hia']

    >[kEn ai put on maifa:Dza'z su:t]

    > ~n ru:mcinia "i: o:J"cizstci I':t ~l hautel]

    to have breakfast

    to make

    You can park the car here.

    Imbracati 0 carn~a alba.

    Tomorrow I must get up at6 in the morning.

    Can I put on my father'ssuit?

    What time do you usuallyhave brcakfast?

    to eat breakfast

    to drink tea

    to smoke a cigarette

    Tatal meu coIifectioneaza acum 0 biblioteca.

    Are you having breakfast now?

    Nu putem parca pe aceasta strada.

    What tea is be baving now?

    John is baving his fourth cigarette.

    Nu-mi place sa rna scol dimineata.

    Dumneavoastra, luati illtotdeauna micul dejunla ora opt?

    They make chairs in thisfactory.

    Trebuie sa stau zece zile ill spital.

    In Romania we always stayat a hotel.

  • Sii urmiirim acum folosirea cuvintelor ago :ji last in urmiitoarele structuri:

    - in urma(eu), aeum(-)

    - ultim, (eel) din urma, treeut

    - ieri

    > Peter and Mary are having coffee now..

    > Now I have two dogs and one cat.

    > Are they having breakfast now?

    > Which cigarette are you having now?

    > I have no money at the moment.

    - in urma eu doua zile, acum doua zile

    - inurma cu trei saptamani, acum tre~saptamani- in urma eu patru ani, acum patru ani

    - anul treeut

    - luna trecuta

    - duminiea treeuta

    > [iestardei], [iestardi]

    > [agau]

    > [la:st]

    ., ';:';'_.

    ~'1C';~~;::'

    ;:.::'.-..~'''-''e---"!~~

    .a-~..;;)'.-~.6: ..---.--.-----.~---------~

    Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza folosind forma corespunzatoare a verbuluito have:

    ago

    Momentan nu am bani.

    last

    two days ago

    three weeks ago

    four years ago

    last year

    last month

    last Sunday

    Peter ~iMary beau cafea acum.

    Acum am doi caini ~i 0 pisica.

    yesterday

    A cata ligara furnezi acum?

    Ei iau micul dejun acum?

    Aceste complemente de timp stau la inceputul sau la sfar:jitul propozipei.

    Acum vom inwitaformele verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu (the Simple Past Tense [DZa simpl .-pa:st tens]). Acesta se folose:jte pentru exprimarea unei aCfiuni care s-a petrecut in trecut, la unmoment determinat :ji nu are legiiturii cu prezentul. De obicei folosim aliituri de el urmiitoarele 'complemente de timp:

  • Iattiformele verbului to be la trecut simplu:

    fn urmatoarele propozitii am utilizat formele verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu alaturi decomplementul de timp corespunzator:

    I was ;fai "oz] - eu am fost, eu eram

    you were ;fiu "a:'] - tu ai fost, tu erai, dumneavoastraati fast, dumneavoastra erati

    he was ;fhi: "Oz] - el a fast, el era

    she was :f~i: "ozl - ea a fost, ea era

    It was :;f it "0/,1 aceasta a fost/asta a fost, era(genu I neutru)

    we were :;f"i: "a:'] -- noi am lost, noi eram

    you were ;fiu: "a:'] - voi ati fost, voi erati

    they were ;fDZei "a:'] - ei au fost, ei erau

    - Saptamana trecuta el afost in spital.

    - Cred ca ai fast acolo ieri.

    - leri seara am fost acasa.

    - fn unna cu trei ani amfast in fabrica aceea.

    - Luna trecuta ea a fast inBucure~ti.

    - Aceasta a fast cu multtimp in unna.

    - ~tiu ca ai fast in Anglia.in urma cu doi ani.

    - fn urma cu zece ani eierau bebelu~i.

    -Last year we >were together.

    - My mother >was in England >a week ago.

    -Yesterday I >was in his garden.

    - I know he :was at your house>yesterday.

    - These people >wcrc in Romania >last year.

    -Two years ago you :were in England.

    7

    ;f len iiarz iigau DZei "a:'hcibiz]

    ;fPri: iia'z agau "i: "a:'in DZet lEktari]

    ;f it "oz a lon(g) taimagau]

    ;f ai T'in(g)k iu: "a:'[)Zea' iesta'dei]

    ;fla:st manTs ~i: "oz inbukarest]

    ;f ai nou iu: "a:' inin(g)gHlnd tu: iia'z agau]

    ;fla:st "i:k hi: uoz inhospitl]

    ::fiesta'dei ai Uoz EtMum in DZi i:vnin(g)]

    ~tiu ca el a fost la tine acasa ieri.

    leri am fost in gradina lui.

    Ace~ti oameni au fost in Romania anul trecut.

    Mama mea a fost in Anglia in urma cuo saptamana.

    Completati propozitiile in Iimba englcza. Folositi filtrul ro~u:

    Ten years ago they werebabies.

    Last month she was inBucharest.

    Yesterday I was at home inthe evening.

    Last week he was in hospital.

    Three years ago we werein that factory.

    Anul trecut am fost impreuna.

    In unnii cu doi ani ai fost in Anglia.

    I think you were thereyesterday.

    It was a long time ago.

    I know you were in Englandtwo years ago.

  • Formulati intrebari ~i raspunsuri scurte la urmatoarele propozitii, in limba engleza:

    Forma de interogativ a verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu se formeazii prin inversarea ordiniisubiectului cu forma corespunzritoare a verbului la timpul trecut.Construc!ia rrispunsului afirmativ: cuvantul yes, urmat de pronumele personal # de formacorespunzritoare a verbului to be.Construc!ia nega!iei: cuvantul no, urmat de pronumelepersonal, deforma corespunzritoare a verbuluito be ~i de cuvdntul not. Construc!ia was notprescurtatii devine wasn't [Uozut]; constructia were notdevine weren't [Ua:'nt).

    > [nau ai Uozut]

    - No, they weren't.

    > [nau DZci lIa:'nt]

    NQ, they were not.

    > [nau ai uoz not]

    No, I was not.

    - Nu, (nu a fost).

    - Nu, (nu am fost).

    -No, he wasn't.> [nau hi: uoznt]

    - Nu, (nu au fast).

    - No, I wasn't.

    > [nau hi: uoz not]

    No, he was not.

    > luall IYei "a:' not]

    - It> was last year.

    - You> were at your daughter's school> last month.

    - Yes, > she was.

    - No,> shewasn't.

    - > Were we together last year?- Yes,> we were.- No,> weweren't.

    - >. Was she at work yesterday?

    Yes,Iwas.

    -Da, (am fast).

    A fast anul trecut.

    Dumneavoastra ati fast luna trecuta la~coala fiicei dumneavoastra.

    We were together last year.

    > l"a:'1 )/l;i 1':1 h:llIllI la:s( lIi:kl > 1ies I)lei "n:'1Au J(lsl ci llCUS!\ Du, (uu l(lSl).saptamfUlll lrccull\'l

    De exemplu:

    I was at school yesterday.

    Were you at schoolyesterday?

    > [Ua:' iu: Et sku:l iesta'dei]

    Last year he was in England.

    Was,he in England last Yes, he was.year?

    > [Ua:' hi: in in(g)gliind la:st iia'] > [ies hi: Uoz]

    Yesterday she was at work.

    -A fast el in Anglia? -Da,(afost).anul trecut?

    They were at home last week.

    Were they at home last Yes, they were.week?

    - Ai fast ieri la ~coala?

  • 1. Substantive care la formarea pluralului f$i schimbii riidiicina $i pronunfia:

    -franzele

    - sotii, neveste

    - Cand ai fost in Anglia?

    - De ce nu a fost ea laserviciu ieri?

    - Ea nu a fost in Anglia inurma eu trei ani.

    - Piirlntii mei nu au fost ieriaici?

    > [lauvz]

    - > Were they in his office yesterday?- Yes, > they were.- No, > they weren't.

    - > Was he a good boy ten years ago?- Yes, > he was.-- No, > he wasn't.

    > Where were they last Saturday?

    > Who was in his offiee an hour ago?

    > Yesterday we weren't at the post-office.

    > Their sister wasn't in London last week.

    9

    wives

    > [Uai uoznt ~i: Et ua:'kiestardei]

    > [Uen ua:r iu: in i.n(g)gHind]

    > [mai peiiriints Uli:rnt hiariestardei]

    > [~i Uoznt in in(g)glandPri: iiarz agau]

    - franzela, paine loaves(de 0 anumita forma)

    - sotie, nevasta

    foot > [fut] - pieior, laba feet > [fi:t] - pieioarepiciorului

    tooth >[tu:P] - dinte, masea teeth > [ti:P] - dinti

    goose >[gu:s] - gasea geese > [gi:s] -g~te

    mouse> [maus] - ~oarece mice > [mais] - ~oareci

    ehild > [t~aild] - eopil children > [t~ildran] - eopii

    loaf > ~aufJ

    He was a good boy ten years ago.

    They were in his office yesterday.

    Why wasn't she at workyesterday?

    When were you in England?

    She wasn't in England threeyears ago.

    2. Substantive care se terminii fn -f, iar la plural acesta se schimbii fn v. Dacii f e urmat de e,atunci fi adiiugiim doar un -s, altfel cuwintul prime$te terminafia -es:

    Sa ne intoarccm la formarea pluralului. ~tim deja ea unele substantive formeaza pluralul in modneregulat. 1n cele ee urmeaza yom invata alte doua modalitati de formare a pluralului neregulat:

    My parents weren't hereyesterday

    AceasHt ncgatie poate fi folosita ~i in propozitii complete:

    In cazul intreMrilor mai detaliate a~ezam cuvantul interogativ la inceputul intrebiirii:

    Unde au fost ei sambiita trecutii?

    Cine a f(lS( in biroullui in urma cu 0 ora?

    Tradllce\i lIrmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

    Sora lor nu a fost la Londra saptiimana trecuta.

    leri nu lUll fost la oficiul po~tal.

  • shelf >[ ~elf] -raft shelves >[~elvz] -rafturilife >[laif] - viata lives >[laivz] - vietihalf >[ha:f] - jumatate halves >[ha:vz] - jumatatileaf >[li:f] - frunza leaves >[li:vz] -frunzeknife >[naif] - cutit knives >[naivz] - cutite

    Aproape toate accste cuvinte sunt noi pentru dumneavoastra. De aceea, repetati-Ie intr-o alta ordine:

    life >[laif] - viata lives >[ Jaivz] - viepknife >[naif] - cutit knives >[naivz] - cutitetooth >[tu:T'] - dinte, masea teeth >[ti:T'] - dintiloaf >[Jiiuf] - franze/a, paine loaves >[lauvz] - franzelemouse >[maus] - ~oarece mice >[mais] - ~oarecileaf >[li:f] -frunza leaves >[li:vz] -frunzewife >[uaif] - sope, nevasta wives >[Uaivz] - sotii, nevestefoot >[fut] - picior, laba feet >[fi:t] - picioarechild >[t~aild] - copil children >[t~ildran] - copiishelf >[~elf] -raft shelves >[~elvz] -rafturi

    goose >[gu:s] - gasca geese >[gi:s] - ga~tehalf >[ha:/] - jumatate halves >[ha:vz] - jumatap

    "A wife is cutting a loaf into halves with a knife."

    1"

  • Acum yom invata 0 serie de cuvinte noi:

    Completati propozitiile in lirnba engleza folosind cuvintele nou invatate:

    Am invatat deja ca structura there is/there are se folose~te 1a tirnpu1 prezent in cazul substantivelornehotiirate. Forma acestei constructii 1a trecutul simplu este there was/there were. De exemplu:

    - Hotelul este vizavi decasa noastra.

    - Bucatana noastra este laparter.

    - Ellucreaza inca.

    - Parcheaza ma~ina in fataacestei cladiri.

    - Cred ca el a fost acolodupa ~ase.

    - Does he > still visit you?

    - Erau 0 multirne de copaci in aceastagradina anul trecut.

    - This man is > in front of our house.

    - I can park there> after eight.

    - She is just going> downstairs.

    - His office is > opposite the bus station.

    >[ai TSin(g)k hi: Uoz]DZeafa: na' siks]

    >[ auaf kit~iin iz]daunstea'z]

    >[pa:rk DZa ka:f in frant ]ov DZis bildin(g) ]

    >[DZa hautel iz opazit]auafhaus]

    >[hi: iz stil uii:'kin(g)]

    downstairs >[daunsteafz] - la parter, jos

    in front of >[ in frant ov] - in fata, dinaintea

    opposite >[opiizil] - vizavi de, in partea cealalta

    after >[:1: Ilarl - dupa, dupa aceea

    still >[ still . inca, mai

    Pot parca acolo dupa opt.

    Ea tocmai se duce la parter.

    Acest om este in fata casei noastre.

    Park the car in front of thisbuilding.

    El te viziteaza inca?

    Biroul lui este vizavi de statia de autobuz.

    There were a lot of trees in this gardenlast year.

    Sa folosim cuvintclc noi 1n propozitii:

    He is still working.

    I think he was there after six.

    The hotel is opposite ourhouse.

    Our kitchen isdownstairs.

  • Sa recapitullim acum materialul din prima parte a lectiei. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limbaengleza:

    Acelea sunt cutitele tale (dumneavoastra)?

    II vad intotdeauna dupa micul dejun.

    Pune lampa pe biblioteca.

    Vreau sa cumpar trei franzele.

    Vara nu mergem cu ma~ina.

    La ce ora se scoala el de obicei?

    Te rog, rlimiii dupa cina.

    Sunt ~oareci in aceasta cladire.

    Sotului meu ii place aceasta cravata.

    Vrei sa 1mbraci cama~a asta ro~ie?

    Aceste plante au fost in gradina noastra inurma cu un an.

    Ei nu au fost ieri in sufragerie.

    Ea are ga~te in gradina.

    Parintii Uii erau inal\i?

    Este aproape cinci ~i un slcrl.

    Vezi fj'unze in acest copac'?

    Locuim vizavi de 0 biserica.

    Maine trebuie sa ma scol dupa patru.

    De obicei iau micul dejun la noua.

    Te vlid des in fata acestei fabrici.

    Dintii lui nu sunt albi.

    In urma cu 0 ora erau multi copli in pare.

    12

    > Are those your knives?

    > I always see him after breakfast.

    > Put the lamp on the bookcase.

    > I want to buy three loaves ofbread.

    > In summer we don't go by car.

    > What time docs he usually get up?

    > Please, stay aner dinner.

    > There are mice in this building.

    > My husband likes this tie.

    > Do you want to put on this red shirt?

    > These plants were in our garden a yearago.

    > They weren't in the dining-room yesterday.

    > She has geese in the garden.

    > Were your parents tall?

    > II's almost a quarter past five.

    > Do you see leaves in this tree?

    > We live opposite a church.

    > I must get up after four tomorrow.

    > I usually have breakfast at nine.

    > I often see you in front of this factory.

    > His teeth aren't white.

    > An hour ago there were many childrenin the park.

  • Sa relu1\m cuvintele intr-o alta ordine:

    In partea a doua a acestei lectii vom exersa trecutul simplu. Sa invatam mai intiii ciiteva cuvinte noi:

    LECTIA 9 - PARTEA A nOVA,

    - masa (principala), priinz,cina, dineu

    -colt

    - pasare

    - ~oseta

    -- pivnita, beci

    cinema(tograf)

    cinema(tograf)

    - colt

    - luna

    - televizor

    - lucru, obiect

    - luna

    - camera de zi

    - ~opron, ~ura

    - televizor

    - lucru, obiect

    - pasare

    - ~opron, ~ura

    - televizor

    - ~oseta

    - camera de zi

    - loc de stat, scaun

    - televizor

    - loc de stat, scaun

    - masa (principala), priinz,cina, dineu

    - pivnita, beci

    13

    television set >[ telivijn set]shed :>[~ed]

    seat :>[ si:t]

    TV set >(ti:vi: set]

    sock :>[sok]

    cellar :>[ sela']

    dinner >[dina']

    thing :>[Tsin(g)]

    cinema :>[sinama]

    the moon >[Dzamu:n]

    living-room >(livin(g) ru:m]

    bird >[ba:rd]

    comer >[ko:Tna']

    dinner >(dinan

    the moon >(Dzamu:n]

    bird >[ba:rd]

    cellar >[sela']

    corner >[ko:rna']

    television set >[ teiivijn set]TV set >( ti:vi: set]

    thing >[Pin(g)]

    cincma >[sinama]

    shcd >[~ed]

    sock :>[sok]

    living-room >[livin(g) ru:m]

    seat :>[ si:t]

  • Iar acum traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos:

    Retineti diteva din expresiile folosite 1n propozitiile anterioare:

    - In copacii din gradina meastau acum pasan.

    - Pivnita din casa noastraestemare.

    - Pune-ti ~osetele!

    - Intotdeauna caut un loc illautobuz.

    - Luna straluce~te(lumineaza) acum.

    - Imi place sa inerg la cinema.

    - Vit des multe lucruri.

    - Avem un televizor infiecare camera.

    - Trebuie sa cumparam untelevizor.

    - ~ura era prea mica.

    - Acest magazin este pe colt.

    - La ce ora cinezi de obicei?

    .- Camera noastra de zi estefrumoaslL

    >They live opposite the cinema.

    >I have some letters to write.

    >Your bicycle is in the shed.

    >Does the moon shine every night?

    >Is there aTV set in the living-room?

    >Do you want a seat?

    >1 don't like white socks.

    - in autobuz

    - pe colt, in colt

    1A

    > [ai lav tu gau tu DZasinama]

    >["i: mast hai a li:vi: sct]

    > [ba:fdz a:f sitin(g~ inDZa tri:z in mai ga:fdnnau]

    >[D'is ~()P iz in IYilko:rnil']

    >[ai o:l"eiz luk I:r ii si:t011 D/u has]

    > [DZa selaf in auar hausiz la:rdj]

    >[DZa ~ed "oz tu: litI]

    >[D'u Illu:n iz ~aiJ1in(g)]m\u]

    >[ ai ofn forget abautmeni Pin(g)z]

    >[ uua r livin(") nUll iznuisl

    >[put on io:r soks]

    >[ui hEy a telivijn set inevriru:m]

    > ["ot taim du iu: iu :jualihEy dinar]

    Bicicleta ta este in ~opron.

    Luna straluce~te (lumineaza) in fiecare noapte?

    Am ciiteva scrisori de scris.

    Sa folosim cuvintele noi ill propozitii:

    Vrei un lac?

    I love to go to the cinema.

    on the bus

    Este televizor in camera de zi?

    We must buy a TV sct.

    I often forget about manythings.

    I always look for a seat onthe bus.

    The moon is shining now.

    Put on your socks!

    Nu-mi plac ~osetele albe.

    Ei locuiesc vizavi de cinema.

    The shed was too little.

    Our living-room is nicc.

    The cellar in our house islarge.

    Birds are sitting in the treesin my garden now.

    in the corner

    We have a television set inevery room.

    What time do you usuallyhave dinner?

    This shop is in the corner.

  • Dupa cum ati observat verbul prime:jte terminatia -ed. Aceasta se adauga doar verbelor care nu auterminatia -e:

    Sa ne fntoarcem la timpul trecut simplu. $tim deja dind trebuie safolosim acest timp :ji cum trebuiesa conjugam verbul to be la timpul respectiv. lata alte cateva verbe la timpul trecut:

    - len am vizitat-opemamamea.

    - EI m-a a~teptatsaptamana trecuta.

    > ~izitid]

    > [Ueitid]

    > [lazkt]

    >[traid]

    >[lukt]

    1stopt]

    > There are a lot of mice in the cellar.

    > The chair is in the corner.

    > Is this television set expensive?

    > Can we have dinner together?

    forme last week.

    my mother yesterday.

    15

    +

    - waited

    - visited

    - liked

    - tried

    -looked

    - stopped

    -worried

    verb

    visited[vizitid]waited[Ueitid]

    +

    stop

    look

    try

    worry

    Scaunul este in colt.

    Sunt multi ~oareci in pivnita.

    Este scump acest televizor?

    Putem sa cinam impreuna?

    He

    visit

    2. Daca terminafia verbului este a consoana sonora sau a vocala - cu exceptia literei e-, atuncipronuntia terminatiei -ed este [d]:show - showed > [~oud]

    Pronume personalsau substantiv

    I

    2. In cazul unor verbe, consoana de la sfar:jitul cuvantului se dubleaza, fntocmai ca :ji fn cazulterminafiei -ing:

    Daca verbul are termina\ia -e, i se adauga doar litera -d:

    La folosirea terminatiei -ed sa fun atenti la urmatoarele:

    1. In cazul verbelor a caror terminatie este litera -y precedata de 0 consoanii, litera y setransforma fn -i la fe! ca :ji fn cazul formarii pluralului substantivelor:

    wait

    like

    lar acum sa vedem regulile referitoare la pronun\ia verbelor al caror trecut se formeaza prin adaugareasufixului -ed:

    1. In cazul fn care consoana de la sfar:jitul verbului nu sepronuntii, terminatia -edvafipronunfata[t]:

  • 3. Dadi consoana finalii a verbului este t sau d, atunci pronunfia terminaliei este [id]:

    Completati propozitiilc in limba cnglezA eu forma corespullzatoare a verbului la timpul treeut simplu:

    >[vizitid]

    -My parents> opened an office yesterday.

    - We > looked for his ties yesterday.

    - A week ago I > talked with your brother.

    - The driver> showed us his car yesterday.

    - When he > entered the house we were inthe garden.

    - She> thanked us for it yesterday.

    - Last year we > worked in England.

    - I > loved this town when I was a boy.

    - Yesterday I > waited for her for two hours.

    - They> wanted to go there a year ago.

    - Last week we > walked to school.

    . - Her friend> asked her for a book.

    16

    - visitedvisit

    ~oferulne-a aratat ieri ma~ina sa.

    Exemplele wm~itoare va vor ajuta sa illtelegeli ~i sa folositi regulile anterioare. Cititi propozitiile demai jos eu voee tare:

    In urma eu 0 saptiimana am vorbit cu frateletau.

    Prietenul ei i-a eerut 0 carte.

    Parintii mci au dcsehis ieri un birou.

    Ei au vrut sa mearga acolo acum un an.

    Noi am cautat ieri eravatele lui.

    Ea ne-a multumit ieri pentru asta.

    We visited our parents >[Ui: vizitid auaf peariints - Ieri i-am vizitat peyesterday. iestardei] parintii nostri., ,

    He entered this shop a >[hi: entafd DZis ~op a - EI a intrat in acest magazin inminute ago. minit agau] urma eu un minut.They walked to work two >[DZei uo:kt tll lIa:fk tu: - Ei au mers pe jos la lucrudays ago. deiz agau] aeum doua zile.

    Yesterday she stopped >[iestafdei ~i: stopt - Ea s-a liisat ieri de fumat.smoking. smaukin(gJ]

    She wanted to visit us last >[ ~i: lIontid tu vizit as - Ea a vrut sa ne viziteze. .-~week. la:st ui:k] saptamiina treeuta.

    I worried about you >[ ai uorid abaut iu: - Ieri m-am ingrijorat inyesterday. iestafdei] legatura eu tine.

    They lived in London ten >[DZei livd in landn ten - Ei au loeuit in Londra ill wmayears ago. iiafz agau] eu zeee ani.

    He listened to the radio >[hi: lisnd tu DZa reidiau - El a aseultat ieri radioul.yesterday. iestafdei]

    Ciind a intrat el in easil, noi cram ingradina.

    Noi am luerat in Anglia anul treeut.

    leri am ~teptat-odoua ore.

    Saptiimana trecuta am mel'S pe jos la ~coala.

    1m placea acest or~ eand eram copil.

  • Repela(i de mai multe ori cele trei forme ale verbelor neregulate:

    In limba engleza exista ~i 0 serie de verbe neregulate, care nu formeaza timpul trecut cu sutixul-d sau -ed. Cele trei forme ale acestar verbe trebuie invalate pe de rost.

    ati > be > was/were > been

    a bea > drink > drank > drunk

    a veden > see > saw > seen

    a merge > go > went > gone

    a manen > eat > ate > eaten

    a avea > have > had > had

    > You were at work at seven yesterday.

    > I saw these people then.

    > I drank too much beer yesterday.

    > We ate a lot of apples yesterday.

    > Two years ago I had an apartment inLondon.

    > My parents went to England three weeksago.

    17

    Atunci i-am vl\zut pc ace~ti oameni.

    leri la ~apte dumneavoastra erati la lucm.

    in urmu eu doi ani anl avut un apartamentlaLondra.

    leri am bUnt prea multa bere.

    Noi am mancat multe mere ieri.

    Parintii mei au mers in Anglia acumtrei saptllmani.

    Traduec(i unnlltoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

    Forma I Forma a II-a Forma aID-ainfinitiv trecutul simplu participiul trecut

    see > lsi:] - a vedea saw > [so:] seen > [si:n]

    go > [gou] -a merge went > ["cnt] gone > [gan)

    have > [hEv] -a avea had > [hEd] had > [hEd]

    be > fbi:] -ati waslwere > [Uoz/"a: r] been > [bi:n]

    eat > [i:t] - a manea ate > ~it] eaten > [Un]

    drink > [drin(g)k] -a bea drank > [drEn(g) k] drunk > [dran(g)k]

    1nvaluli toatc cde trei forme verbale! De participiul trecut (Past Participle) ne vom ocupa in lectiaufl11lLloare.

  • 2. Substantive al caror plural se jormeaza prin adaugarea sufixului -es:

    Sa ne fntoarcem acum la problema pluralului neregulat. in cere ce urmeaza vom fnvata 0 alta seriede substantive neregulate:

    > Tomatoes are red.

    ... four sheep and four deer ...

    > These postmen bring letters to our offIce.

    > Do you see those deer near the trees?

    > We had four oxen and ten sheep.

    > Do you like potatoes?

    > Those fIremen were tall.

    1. Substantive compuse care denumesc ocupapi ~i con,tin substantivele man ~i woman:

    postman > [paustmen] postmen > [paustman]- po~ta~/po~ta~i

    policeman > [pali:smen] policemen > [pali:sman] - poli!istJpoli!i~ti

    fIreman > [faia'men] fIremen > [faiarman] - pompier/i

    policewoman > [pali:s"man] policewomen > [pali:s"imin] - femei/e poli!ist

    potato > [piHeitou] potatoes > [pateitouz] - cartoffi

    tomato > [tama:lou] tomatoes > [Ulma:tauz] - ro~ie/ro~ii

    3. Substantive care primesc suflXul -en la plural:ox > [oks] oxen > [oksn] - boulboi

    4. Substantive care au aceea~i forma ~i la plural, ~i la singular:

    deer > [diar] deer > [diar] -caprioaraJcaprioare

    sheep >[~i:p] sheep > [~i:p] - oaie/oi

    Pompierii aceia erau inalti.

    Iti plac cartofii?

    ... one sheep and one deer ...

    Vezi acele caprioare liinga cOPllci?

    Tomatele soot ro~ii.

    Am avut patru boi ~i zece oi.

    Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

    Ace~ti po~~i aduc scrisori in biroul nostru.

  • ~i acum sa recapituHim materia intregii lectii. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:

    El a vrut sa faea ieri 0 biblioteea,dar nu a avut timp.

    De obicei iau micul dejun aeasa ~i cinala un restaurant.

    Acele cravate nu erau frumoasc.

    Ea a fost atunci In spital?

    Ai plante In sufragcrie'?

    Sotiilor Ie place sa mearga la plimbare cusotii lor.

    Vara uncori ploua, iar iarna ninge.

    Poti sa te scoli?

    Trcbuie sa ma Imbrac cu cel mai bun costum.

    Pisicilor Ie plac ~oarecii?

    Ai dinti frumo~i.

    Pune aceste carti pe aceste rafturi!

    Ciind a coborat, el a vamt doi copii in fata lui.

    Acest cinematograf este vizavi de ~coala noastra.

    Mergi in pivnita ~i adu scaunele verzi!

    Am vrut sa cumpar un televizor bun,dar era prea scump.

    leri 1l1-am ingrijorat pentru tine.Mai mult de a suta de pasari stauin copacul nostru in clipa aceasta.

    Trebuie sa am intotdeauna loc in autobuz.

    leri noi am mancat prea mult.

    Multe femei politist luereaza in or~ul nostru.

    leri ti-am vazut bicicleta in ~ura aceeadin eoltul gradinii.

    leri te-a a~teptat un po~t~ in fata easeL

    Atunci noi aveam mai multi bani.

    19

    > He wanted to make a bookcase yesterday,but he had no time.

    > I usually have breakfast at homeand dinner at a restaurant.

    > Those ties weren't nice.

    > Was she in hospital then?

    > Have you plants in the dining-room?

    > Wives like to go for a walk with theirhusbands.

    > It sometimes rains in summerand in winter it snows.

    > Can you get up?

    > I must put on my best suit.

    > Do cats like mice?

    > You have nice teeth.

    > Put these books on these shelves!

    > When he went downstairs he saw twochildren in front of him.

    > This cinema is opposite our school.

    > Go to the cellar and bring the green chairs!

    > I wanted to buy a good TV set,but it was too expensive.

    > Yesterday I worried about you.

    > More than a hundred birds are sitting onour tree at the moment.

    > I must always have a seat on a bus.

    > We ate too much yesterday.

    > Many policewomen work in our town.

    > Yesterday I saw your bicycle in that shedin the corner ofthe garder.

    > A postman waited for you in frontof the house yesterday.

    > We had more money then.

  • 9.2.2. Formele verbului to be la Trecut Simplu:

    Aceste trei adverbe de timp stau la Inceputul sau la sf'ar~itulpropoziliei.

    9.1.2. Inaintea denumirii anotimpurilor folosite la modill general:

    - Iti place vara?

    - Trebuie sa merg la spital.

    - Ea ia intotdeauna micul dejun la $apte.

    - Merg la spital in fiecare zi.

    - eina pe care 0 miinanc acurn este buna.

    I must go to hospital.

    Do you like summer?

    I go to the hospital every day.

    She always eats breakfast at seven.

    The dinner which I am eatingnow is good.

    I was [ai Uoz] - eu am fost, eram

    you were [iU: 'a:'] - tu ai fost, erai/dumneavoastra ali fost, eralihe was [hi: Uoz] - el a fost, era

    she was [~i: Uoz] - ea a fast, era

    it was [itUoz] - aceasta, asta a fast, era (genul neutru)

    we were [Ui: ua:'] - noi am fost, eram

    you were [iu: ua:']- voi ali fost, erali

    they were [DZei ua:'] - ei, ele au fost,erau

    ago (agiiu] -In urma(cu), acum...

    last [Ia:sl] - ultim, cel din urma, trecut

    Daca ne referim la 0 masa sau un anotimp anume, atunci se folose$te Intotdeaunaarticolul hotarat the:

    9.1.3. Inaintea cuvantului hospital, in calitate de bolnav:

    Daca starn la spital, sau mergem acolo in vizita, sau ca membru al personalului,folosim articolul howat:

    9.1.1. Inaintea denumirii meselor principale folosite la modul general:

    9.2.1. Folosirn aeest limp in cazul unor aC\iuni terminate, care s-au des~urat In trecut, ~i carenu all legatura eu prezentul. Folosim urrnatoarele complemente de timp:

    yesterday ricsla'dcilicsla'di] ~. (ziua de) ieri

    RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 9,

    9.1. In unele situatii putem omite articolul hotarat the, $i anume, in cazul unor cuvinte ca mother,father, town, church, music. In cele ce urmeaza va prezentam $i alte situatii In carearticolul hotarat poate lipsi:

    9.2. The Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu)

  • Daca ultima litera a verbului este -e, atunci ii adaugam doar un -d.

    9.2.4. Constructia propozitiei la timpul trecut simplu:

    9.2.5. In cazul utilizarii sufixului -ed trebuie sa fun atenti la urmatoarele:

    me last week.

    my mother yesterday.

    +

    [stopt]

    [laikt]

    [traid]

    [~oud]

    [lukt]

    - Jeri am fost la ~coala.- Ai fast la ~coaHi?- Da, (am fost).- Nu, (nu am fost).

    - Unde ai fost ieri?

    ')1

    waited for

    visited

    + verb

    - stopped

    - tried

    -showed

    - liked

    -looked

    try

    show

    J was at school yesterday.

    Were you at school yesterday?

    Yes, I was.

    No, J was not.

    No,Iwasn't

    Where were you yesterday?

    like

    stop

    look

    Pronume personalsau substantiv

    He

    Daca ultima litera a verbului este 0 consoana sonora sau 0 vocala, atunci pronuntiasufixului este:

    Verbul prime~te sufixul-ed. Aceasta regula este valabila daca ultima litera a verbului nueste -e.

    In cazul unor verbe, consoana de la staqitul cuvantului se dubleaza, la fel ca ~i in cazuladaugarii terminatiei -ing.

    Daca ultima litera a verbului este -y, atunci aceasta se transforma ill -i, ~i apoi prime~teterminatia -ed.

    9.2.3. Forma interogativa a timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past) a verbului to be se formeazaprin inversarea subieetului eu forma eorespunzatoare a verbului to be. Construetiaraspunsului afirmativ: yes + pronume personal + forma eorespunzatoare a verbuluito be la timpul treeut simplu. Forma negativa: no + pronume personal + to be+not. Was not se poate prescurta wasn't; iar, were not - weren't.

    9.2.6. Regulile de pronuntie a verbelor formate cu ajutorul terminatiei -ed:Daca ultima litem a verbului la infmitiv este 0 consoana surda atunci pronuntia sufixuluieste:

  • La pagina 37 yeti gasi lista verbelor neregulate lnvatate parra acurn.

    9.3.2. Substantive compuse, una din componente fiind man sau woman:

    9.3.3. Substantivele care se termina cu vocala 0 primesc la plural terminatia -es:

    - cartof/i

    - po~t~/i

    - bou/boi

    - laba piciorului, labe

    - caprioaralcaprioare

    [vizitid]

    [oksn]

    [pateitouz]

    [paustman]

    [fi:t]

    [dia']

    22

    potatoes

    deer

    feet

    oxen

    postmen

    - visited

    [fut]

    [paustmen]

    [oks]

    [dia']

    [pateitou]

    visit

    foot

    postman

    Daca ultima consoana a verbului este -t sau -d atunci pronuntia sufixului este rid]:

    potato

    ox

    deer

    9.2.7. Verbe neregulate:

    In limba engleza exista ~i verbe al caror trecut nu se formeaza cu ajutorul terrninatiei-ed. Formele verbelor neregulate ~i pronuntia lor trebuie lnvatate ca ~i cuvinte separate.

    9.3 .1. Substantive a caror radacina ~i pronuntie se modifica de la singular la plural:

    9.3.4. Substantive care la plural primesc terminatia -en:

    9.3.5. Substantive care au aceea~i forma amt la singular cat ~i la plural:

    9.3. Pluralul substantivelor neregulate:

  • TEMA PENTRU ACASA 9

    A Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii:

    1. Are your brothers having breakfast now?

    2. Where were you yesterday?

    3. My children like mice, but I don't.

    4. I think these knives are on those shelves.

    5. In the comer of the cellar there was a little bird.

    6. I wanted to go to England last year.

    B. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:

    1. leri noi am lucrat acasa, dar saptamiina trecuta am fost la birou.

    2. El a avut trei neveste.

    3. Trebuie sa cumparam ni~te cartofi.

    4. Azi cinam in restaurantul de vizavi de cinematograf.

    5. Nu lua ace~ti ciorapi ro~ii.

    6. Toate caprioarele sunt frumoase.

    C. Corectati gre~elile din propozitiile de mai jos:

    I. This policewomen are in the comer, in front of that shop.

    2. How many sheeps do you keep in that shed in the garden?

    3. ) was at home yesterday and I listened music.4. My daughter tryed to buy this car, but it was too expensive.

    5. We seed your brother three weeks ago.

    6. They goed to London then.

  • Acum repetati acelea~i cuvinte intr-o alta ordine:

    Sa lncepem lectia lnvatfuld dHeva cuvinte noi. Fiti atenti la pronuntie:

    nurse > [na:'s] - infrrmiera, sora

    football > [futbo:l] - fotbal

    match > [mEt~] -meci

    very > [veri] - foarte

    magazine > [mEgazi:n] - revista, magazin

    spring (g)

    - primavara, primavaratic> [spnn ]

    autumn > [o:tam] - toamna

    typist > [taipist] - dactilografa

    newspaper > [niu:speipa'] - ziar, gazeta

    tool > [tu:l] - unealta, scula

    baker > [beild] - brutar

    " "PARTEA INTAI

    tool > [tu:l] - unealta, scula

    football > [("litho: I] - fotbal

    typist > rtllipisl] - dactilografa

    magazine > [ mEg[tzi:n] - revista, magazin

    very > [veri] - foarte

    newspaper > [niu;speipa'] - ziar, gazeta

    nurse > [na:'s] - infirmiera, sora

    autumn > [o:tiim] -toamna

    baker > [beika'] - brutar

    spring > [ [mE~] -meci

    LECTIA 10,

  • Folositi cuvintele noi pentru completarea urmiitoarelor propozitii in limba engleza:

    Sa [olosim acum cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntia lor:

    Iar acum vom invata alte verbe neregulate:

    do >[du:] did >( did] done >[dan]

    drive >[draiv] drove >(drauv] driven >[drivn]

    speak >(spi:k] spoke >(spouk] spoken >(spoukn]

    take >(telk] took >(tuk] taken >(telkn]

    read >[ri:d] read >(red] read >[red]

    write >(rait] wrote >(rout) written >[ritn]

    25

    - (Lor) Ie plac revistele pentrufemei?

    - Ea cite~te acum un ziar.

    - Tatal meu i~i tine uneltelein magazie.

    - Este inca primavara?

    - Trebuie sa avem 0 dactilografiiin birou?

    - Este un meci de fotbaldiseara.

    - Toamna vine dupa vara.

    - Sora mea este infmniera.

    - Acest brutar face painefoarte buna.

    - This> baker's shop is in the comer.

    - In > autumn the leaves are yellow.

    - Do you often go to > football matches?

    - My mother is a> nurse.

    - In > spring the trees are green.

    - Two > typists work in our office.

    - These> tools are> very expensive.

    - Bring me my > newspaper!

    - Read this> magazine!

    /jmai IldYarki:ps hiz11I:lz ill IYii ~ed]

    >[mai sistaf iz a na:fs]

    >Jelu fYci laik ml\gill':i:llzIll:'" "imin]

    >[DZis belkaf melks verigud bred]

    >[mast lIi: hEy a taipistin DZi ofis]

    >[Dzear iz a futbo:l mEt~tanait]

    >[ iz it stil sprin(g)]

    >[ ~i: iz ri:din(g) aniu:speipar nau]

    >{o:tam kamz a:ftaf samaf]Autumn comes after summer.

    Primavara copacii sunt verzi.

    Adu-mi zjaml (meu)!Cite~te aceasta revistii!

    Mama mea este infirmiera.

    Magazinul acestui brutar este pe colt.

    My father keeps his tools inthe shed.

    Is it still spring?

    Acestc unelte sunt foarte scumpe.

    There is a football matchtonight.

    Must we have a typist inthe otHee'l

    Mergeti des la meciuri de fotbal?

    Toamna fmnzele sunt galbene.

    Do they like magazines forwomen?

    She is reading a newspapernow.

    My sister is a nurse.

    Dou1i dacHlografe lucreaza in biroul nostru.

    This bakcr makes very goodbread.

  • lata ciiteva exemple:

    lata un exercitiu de verificare. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

    La sfiir~itul caietului de curs yeti gasi lista tuturor verbelor neregulate invatate pilna acum.

    this book yesterday?

    + ...

    - L-a viizut Mary pc John ieri?

    - El a fiicut asta ieri.

    -Am citit aceasta carte cu multi ani inurma.

    - In urma cu un an noi am fost cu m~ina inAnglia.

    - Infmniera a vorbit cu prietena sasaptamilna trecuta.

    - leri am dus copiii la ~coala.

    - Sotul meu i-a scris 0 scrisoare surorii sale.

    > Last week his sister wrote a long letterto him.

    > We spoke to them two days ago.

    > They did it yesterday.

    > They took all our money yesterday.

    > Then he drove.

    > Yesterday I read a nice letter.

    read

    + verb la timpulprezent

    Mary saw John yesterday.

    26

    Did Mary see John yesterday? > [did mean si: djon iestardei]

    My husband wrote a letter to his sister.

    Verb auxiliar + pronume personalsau substantiv

    He did it yesterday.

    Did you/the student

    A year ago we drove to England.

    Retineti structura propozitiei:

    Atunci el a plecat cu ma~ina.

    Ei au fiicut asta ieri.

    Nu uitafi!lnpropozifiile in care folosim verbul auxiliar did, verbul de conjugat este la prezent, lara particulato.

    leri am citit 0 scrisoare frumoasa.

    The nurse spoke with her friend last week.

    Ei ne-au luat ieri toti banii.

    Saptamilna trecuta sora lui i-a scris 0scrisoare lunga.

    Sa introducem aceste verbe in propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:

    Am vorbit cu ei acum doua zile.

    In lectia anterioarii ati afTat cum se formeazii interogativul \vi negativul verbului to be la timpultrecut simplu (Simple Past). Acum veti inviitaformarea interogativului ~i a negativului altor verbe laacest timp. Asemiiniitor timpului prezent (Simplc Present), ~i la timpul trecutfolosim un verb auxiliar.Acest verb auxiliar este verbul to do la trecut ~i anume did [did].

    Yesterday I took the children to school.

    I read this book many years ago.

  • De cxcmplu:

    Acum formulati intrebari, raspunsuri aJinnative ~i negative la unnatoarele propozitii:

    Raspunsurile afirmative Ie formulam folosind euviintul yes, urmat de forma eorespunzatoare apronumelui personal ~i de verbul auxiliar. Propozitiile negative euprind euviintul no, pronumelepersonal, .fiirma eorespunztitoare a verbului auxiliar ~i euviintul not. Construetia did not poate jipreseurlata subforma didn't [didnt].

    - Ei au fumat multe tigari anultrecut?

    - A baut ea prea multa beresearaJnoaptea trecuta?

    - ieri searalnoapte

    - Mi-a dat ieri infmniera un ziar?

    - Au vrut ei sa mearga acolo anul trecut?

    -Da.

    -Nu.

    -Nu.

    -Da.

    - >Did they eat too much bread yesterday?- Yes, > they did.- No, > they didn't.

    - > Did my daughter do it two days ago?- Yes, > she did.- No, > she didn't.

    - > Did you take the money?- Yes, > I did.- No, > I didn't.

    ,_. > Ilid she worry about her son yesterday?,,00 Yes, > she did.- No, > she didn't.

    27

    > [did DZei smauk menisigarets la:st iili']

    > [did ~i: drin(g)k tu: mat~bili' la:st nait]

    >1;0S ~i: did]

    >Inau ~i: didnt]

    >[ ics IYei didl>[nau lYe; didnq

    last night

    Retineti urmatorul complement de timp:

    They ate too much bread yesterday.

    My daughter did it two days ago.

    You took the money.

    She worried about her son yesterday.

    They smoked many cigarettes last year.

    Did they smoke manycigarettes last year?

    Did she drink too much beerlast night?

    Yes, she did.

    Did the nurse give 1110 a newspaperyesterday?

    They wanted to go there last year.

    Did they want to go there last year?

    Yes, they did.

    No, they didn't.

    She drank too much beer last night.

    No, she didn't.

    The nurse gave l11e a newspaper yesterday.

  • Sa folosirn cele invatate traducand in lirnba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:

    In cazul fntrebarilor fn care se cer detalii sau completari, pronumele interogativ se pune inainteacuvfmtului did:

    - Cand au ascultat eimuzica?

    - Dnde s-a dus John ieri?

    - Ce a vrut ea?

    >Were this newspapers and magazineson the table in the kitchen?

    >Where did this nurse work last year?

    >Did these typists like their work?

    >Who went to England last spring?

    - Peter a vorbit cu mineduminica trecuta.

    - Cine a vorbit cu mineduminica trecuta?

    - Noi am deschis magazinulsaptamana trecuta.

    - Cine a deschis magazinulsaptamana trecuta?

    o

    What did she want?

    Where did John go yesterday?

    When did they listen tomusic?

    Peter spokc to mclast Sunday.

    Whb spoke to melast Sunday?

    We opened the shoplast week.

    Who opened the shoplast week?

    Retincti cit structura acclor intrebari in care figureaza pronumeleinterogativ who cstc ceu u unei propozitii afirmative, de aceea verbul seana la forma a JI-a (Simple Past)/torma de afirmativ:

    Did you takethe money?

    They listened to music lastnight.

    Dnde a lucrat aceasta infirmiera anul trecut?

    John went home yesterday.

    Aceste dactilografe i~i iubeau munca?

    Cine s-a dus in Anglia prirnavara trecuta?

    Aceste ziare ~i reviste au fost pe masain bucatarie?

    She wanted these books.

  • Completa(i propozitiile m limba engleza folosind cuvintele noi:

    Sa 1l1vatam allc cutcva cuvinte noi. Citili-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenli la pronuntie:

    > Did you take the tools to the shed yesterday?

    > Did you see their dining-room?

    > Where did Mary's parents go yesterday?

    > Did you have breakfast yesterday?

    > Who stopped the traffic?

    - He was here> before Monday.

    -- These two cars are nice but> the otheris better.

    - Are you> ready? We must go.

    - The bus wa..~ > full ofpeople.

    - She saw him, > too.

    - Look! The bird is singing> again!

    - I'm too> busy to go with you to the cinema.

    - You must work> till five o'clock.

    - Did you> watch the match yesterday?

    29

    Unde s-au dus ieri parinlii Mariei?

    Ai vazut sufrageria lor?

    Jeri ai dus uneltele in magazie?

    Cine a oprit circulatia?

    Ai luat ieri micul dejun?

    EI a l()st aici inainte de luni.

    E~ti gata'? Trebuie sa mergem.

    Ea I-a vazut ~i pe el.

    Uite! Pasarea cantil din nou!

    Aceste doua ma~ini sunt frumoase darcealalta este mai buna.

    Autobuzul era plin eu oameni.

    Sunt prea oeupat ca sa merg cu tinela einematograf.

    Dumneavoastra trebuie sa Iucrati pana laora einci.

    Te-ai uitat ieri Ia meci?

    again >[agein], [agen]- din nou, iara~i, mca 0 data

    before >[bifo:']- inainte de, mai inainte

    busy >[bizi] - ocupat

    ready >[redi]- gata

    full >[ful] - plin, mcarcat

    'Q till >[ til] - pana la, pana ce

    too >[tu:]- de asemenea, ~i

    to watch >[tu Uot~] - a se uita, a veghea, a paudi

    the other >[D'i aDZa'] - eeialalt, cealaita (ceilaW, ceIelalte)

  • In ultima intrebare a exercitiului anterior ne putem referi ~i la alte persoane.

    Sa ne intoarcem acum la regulile timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past Tense). Forma prescurtatanegativa didn't sau forma intreaga did not poate fi folosita ~i in propozifii afirmative. Fifi atenfifntotdeauna la faptul cli in cazul in care cuvantul did esie prezent in propozifie, atunci verbulprincipal sefolose~tefara particula to, deci la forma I din dicfionar.

    - Poftiti/Poftim.(Este aici).

    - de toate tipOOle, de toatefelOOle

    - de toate felurile, de tot felul

    - Tatalui meu ii placeau toatt-.felOOle de clifti.

    - leri am vizitat tot felulde magazine.

    - Ce mai faci?

    - Prietenul mamei mele uua venit la uoi saptamana trecuta.

    - EI nu ~i-a vamt ieri copiii.

    >How is your brother?

    >Jlow is he?

    >How are they?

    - Dati-mi cartea aceea, va rog.

    - Poftiti.

    >[hia' iu: a:']

    >[ 0: 1 kaindz ov]

    >[0: 1 so:'ts ov]

    >[mai fa:Dza' lalkt 0:1 so:'tsov buks]

    >[hau a:' iu:]

    >[iesta'dei ui: vizitid 0:1kaindz ov ~ops]

    30

    >[hi: didnt si: hiz t~ildraniesUi'dei]

    >[mai maDza'z frend didntkam tu as la:st ui:k]

    Here you are.

    Retineti urmatoarea expresie in limba engleza:

    De exemplu:

    Give me that book, please.

    Here you are.

    all kinds of

    all sorts of

    My father liked all sortsof books.

    Cum este fratele tau?/Cc mai face fratclc tau?

    How are you?

    Urmeaza alte cuvinte ~i expresii noi:

    Cum este el?/Ce mai face el?

    He didn't see his childrenyesterday.

    Cum sunt ei'?/Ce mai tac ci'?

    My mother's friend didn'tcome to us last week.

    De exemplu:

    Yesterday we visited allkinds of shops.

  • in exerd\illl lIrmiitor vom recapitula prima parte a leetiei:

    6 incheiere, cxersati-va pronuntia cu ajutorul unnatoarelor seturi de cuvinte care contin acel~i sunet:[au] [u:] [au] [ei]brown shoe smoke table

    town too no take

    our room so wait

    hour do go day

    tower two know plane

    > He didn't stop smoking when he wasin hospital.

    > They didn't want to look for it yesterday.

    > My parents didn't forget to visit meyesterday.

    > I didn't understand him then.

    > Did you thank your sister for this bookyesterday?

    > Why did you drive a ear yesterday?

    >Howareyou?

    > Who wrote this letter?

    >My wife didn't put on these green shoesyesterday.

    > When did you see this match?

    >Was this man a baker?

    > He had all kinds of tools.

    >Yesterday I was too busy to talk with you.

    > How did they do it?

    > Did you read about it in the newspaperyesterday?

    > What timo did you sec the other man?

    > We didn't drink beer yesterday.

    Ai dOt desprc usta ieri in ziar?

    De ce ui condlls ieri a ma~ina?

    EI a avul tot lclul de unelte.

    Acest 011\ II (1St brutar?

    I-ai mul\umit ieri surorii tale pentru eartea asta?

    Ce mai Jilci'l

    leri am Ibst prell oClipat ca sa vorbese eu tine.

    Traduceti in limba engleza unnatoarele propozitii:

    Parintii mei nu au uitat sa rna viziteze ieri.

    Atunci nu I-am inteles.

    La ce orill-uti vilzlIt dumneavoastra peeelalalt om?

    Ciind IIi vilzut acest meci?

    So\ia mea nu ~i-a pus aee~ti pantofi verzi ieri.

    leri noi IlU 11m baut bere.

    Cum IIlI li1cut asta?

    Cine u scds scrisoarea aceasta?

    Nu au vrut sa cautc asta ieri.

    Nu S-ll lasat de fumat ciind a fost in spital.

  • LECTIA 10 - PARTEA A DOVA,Cititi dialogurile unnatoare ~i exersati-va cu atentie pronuntia. Cuvintele ~i silabele care trebuieaccentuate sunt scrise ingro~at:

    John:Mary:John:Mary:

    Tom:Barbara:Tom:Barbara:

    Mary:Peter:Mary:Peter:

    John:Barbara:John:Barbara:John:Barbara:

    Mary:Peter:Mary:Peter:Mary:Peter:

    Barbara:Tom:Barbara:Tom:Barbara:Tom:

    Can I talk to your husband for a minute or two?I think you can't. My husband went to our daughter at a quarter to six.Why did he go there?He wanted to buy a bookcase and a lamp for her in the shop opposite our house.

    What did Peter do after he came home?He went to the hospital where his mother was.Did he stay long with his mother?No, he didn't. He talked to her and they listened to the radio together.

    Were you at home yesterday?Yes, I was, but I wanted to go to the cinema.Did you go?No, I didn't. My friend visited me. We stayed at home. We wanted to watch afootball match.

    What did you do last week?On Monday I read a letter. It was a very nice letter.Did you go to work on Tuesday?Yes, I did. I had a lot of work to do and I was very busy. I wrote all sorts ofletters.Are you a typist?Yes, I am. [ lII

  • In ultilllul excreiliu vom reeapitula intregul material allecjiilor noua ~i zece. Dupa ce aji rezolvattara grc~cul1\ acesl cxercijiu, puteji trece la tema pentru acasii:

    What did you have for dinner yesterday?r had some potatoes and some tomatoes.

    1 have a letter for you. Here you are.Thank you.

    > You must talk to John's sister.

    > My husband ate dinner in the living-roomyesterday.

    > Did you see these plants in the garden?

    > They didn't make this bookcase.

    > Where did you buy this television set?

    > I asked the policemen about this street.

    > After dinner we are going to the cinema.

    > He didn't get up before breakfast.

    > They weren't at work yesterday.

    > Our bookcase has twelve shelves.

    > Who had four wives?

    > How long did you stay there then?

    33

    Is Tom at home'!No, hu isn't. Tom is still working.I SIIW him at nine in the morning.Usually he gets up at nine in the morning, but today he had breakfast at seven.Did he have time to go for a walk with your dog?No, he dido't. After breakfast he went to work.

    Mary, come downstairs!I'm coming!Can you see that car in front of the shop on the corner?Yes, I can. It was opposite our house yesterday. Whose car is it?It's my friend's car. Yesterday I wanted to buy it.Did you buy it?No, I didn't.Why'!Because it was too expensive.

    De unde ai cumpiirat acest televizor?

    Cine a avut patm neveste?

    Dupa eina mergem la cinema.

    El nu s-a sculat inainte de rnicul dejun.Biblioteca noastra are douasprezece rafturi.

    I-am intrebat pe politi~ti despre strada aceasta.

    John:Mary:John:Mary:John:Mary:John:Mary:John:

    leri nu au fast la luem.

    Ciim vreme ai ritmas acolo atunei?

    SO\lIi mell a cinat ieri in camera de zi.

    Barbara:Peter:Barbara:Peler:Barham:Pekr:

    John:Barhul'll:

    Mary:TOIll:

    Ai vilZut aeeslc plante in griidina?

    Nu ei au facul llccastii biblioteca.

    Trebuie sit v()rbe~lj cu sora lui John.

  • Atunei am avut multe pasari in gradina.

    Luna a stralueit ieri?

    Am ineereat sa fae asta anul trecut.

    Acest ziar este foarte bun.

    Cine rni-a baut eeaiul?

    Ciind au venit ei?

    Ai auzit ieri despre asta?

    Casa aceasta a fost plina de oameni.

    "2,1

    ->VIe had many birds in the garden then.

    ;Did the moon shine yesterday?

    :;l tried to do this last year.

    >This newspaper is very good.

    ->VVho drank my tea?

    ->VVhen did they come?

    ;Did you hear about it yesterday?

    >This house was full of people.

    \

  • 10.1. Interogativul ~i negatia la timpul treeut simplu (Simple Past):

    RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 10,

    10.1.3. Lll l

  • TEMA PENTRU ACASA 10

    A Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii:

    1. I wasn't at school two weeks ago.

    2. Why did you go to John yesterday?

    3. What did these policemen want?

    4. How is your mother today?

    5. Who worked in the garden last Monday?

    6. There are all sorts of cars in that shop.

    B. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

    1. Unde afost el noaptea trecuta?2. Cine v-a pus durnneavoastra aceasta intrebare?

    3. Ei au fost ieri la eel mai bun restaurant din ora~.

    4. Ea nu a vrut sa ne pIateasca.

    5. Cand te-ai sculat?

    6. leri am pIatit aceste ro~ii.

    C. Corectati grc~clile din propozitiile de mai jos:

    1. Who did open that door?

    2. They didn't be at home yesterday.

    3. I sawall kind of small animals.

    4. We want to be firemans.

    5. I want to keep two oxen and ten sheeps in the garden.

    6. She has no knifes in the kitchen.

  • LISTA VERBELOR NEREGULATE

    Forma I Forma a II-a Forma a III-aInfmitiv Simple Past Past Participle

    bring - a aducc, a duce brought >[brcd] brought >[bro:t]

    come -- a sosi, a veni came >[kcim] come >[kam]

    cut -a tilia, a tundc cut >rkat] cut >[kat]

    do a lilee, a sc ocupa cu did >[did] done >[dan]

    drink l\ hea drank > ~rEn(glk] drunk >[dran(glk]

    drive a conduce, a mana drove >[drouv] driven >[drivn]

    eat - a manca ate >[ eit] eaten >[i:tn]

    fly a zbura flew >[flu:] flown >[floun]

    forget a nita forgot >[forgot] forgotten >[forgotn]

    get a obtine, a face rost got >[got] got >[got]

    give II da, a darui gave >[geiv] given >[givn]/

    go a merge, a umbla went >[Uent] gone >[gan]

    have - a avea had >[hEd] had >[hEd]

    hear a auzi heard >[ha:'d] heard >[ha:rd]

    keep II tine, a pastra kept >[kept] kept >[kept]

    know II ~ti, a cuno~te knew >[niu:] known >[noun]

    make II face, a confectiona made >[meid] made >[meid]

    pay a plati paid >[peid] paid >[peid]

    put a pune, a a~eza put >[put] put >[put]

    read ,- II citi read >[red] read >[red]

    see a vcdea saw >[so:] seen >[si:n]

    send a trimite sent >[ sent] sent >[sent]

    shine '" a straluci, a lumina shone >[shaun] shone >[shaun]

    sing -- a canta sang >[sEn(gl] sung >[san(gl]

    sit - a ~edea, a sta ~ezat sat >[sEt] sat >[sEt]

    speak - a vorbi spoke >[spauk] spoken >[spiiukn]

    take - a prinde, a lua took >[tuk] taken >[teikn]

    teach -apreda taught >[to:t] taught >[to:t]

    think - a gandi thought >[T'o:t] thought >[T'o:t]

    understand - a intelege, understood >[anda'stud] understood >[ancta'stud]apricepe

    write -a scrie wrote >[raut] written >[ritn]

    37

  • VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 9 SIlO, ,

    after > [a:fm'] - dupa, dupa aceeaagain > [agein], [agen] - din nou, iara~i, inca 0 dataago > [agau] - in unna (cu), acum...autumn > [o:tam] - toarnnain autumn > [in o:tam] - toarnnabaker > [belkar] - bmtarbefore > [bifo:,] - inainte de, mai inaintebird > [ba:rd] - pasarebookcase > [bukkeis] - raft, bibliotecabreakfast > [brekfast] - micdejun ,~

    busy > [bizi] - ocupatcellar > [sela'] - pivnita, becichild/children > [t~aild]/[ t~ildran] - copil/copii /

    cinema > [sinama] - cinema(tograf)comer > [ko:rnar] - coltdeer > [dia'] - caprioara, caprioaredining-room dinner > [dainin(g) ru:m] - sufrageriedinner > [dinar] - masa (principala), pranz,

    cina, dineu

    downstairs > [daunstcarz] - la parter, josto go downstairs > [lu gou daunsteiFz] - a cobori (la parter),

    a merge (in) josevery > [cvri] - fiecare

    fireman/firemen > [ rlliii'"mcn]1{ faiarman] - pompier/pompierifootball > [futbo:l] - fotbalfront > [frant] - partea din fata/dein front of > [in frant ov] - in fata, dinainteafull > [full - plin, ineareatto get up > [tu get ap] - a se scula din pat, a se

    ridica in picioare

    goose/geese > [gu:s]l{gi:s] - gascalga~tehalflhalves > [ha:f]l{ha:vz] - jumatate/jumatatito have breakfast > [tu hEv brekfust] - a lua mieul dejunhere you are > [hiar iu: a:'1 - Poftiti! Poftim! (cand dam ceva)How are you? > [hau a:r iu:] - Ce mai faci? Cum te mai simti?

  • hospital >[hospitl]

    husband >[hazband]

    kind >[kaind]

    all kinds of >[ 0: 1 kaindz ov]

    knife/knives >[' nail]/[naivz]

    lamp >111',111]1]

    last >Ila:sll

    leaf/leaves >['li:l"\~ li:vz]

    life/lives .>lllliIH laivz]

    living-room :>llIvin(!-'l nun]

    loaf/loaves >[ IOlll"\~ Inllv/I

    magazine ;~[ 1\, I':gozl:ii 1to make :-1 t1I moil. I

    malch :'IIIIHl~1

    the moOIl >11 Yo 1lI11:nl

    mouse/mice >[ J1H1US]!I l1Iuis]

    newspaper >[niu:speipar]

    nurse >[na:rs]

    opposite >[opazit]

    the other >[DZiaDza']

    ox/oxen >[oks]ll oksn)parents >[peariints)to park >[tu pa:'k)

    plant >[pla:nt), [plEnt)policeman/policemen >[pali:smEn]i[pali:sman]

    policewoman/policewomen >[pali:sUrnan) [pali:s"imin]

    postman/postmen >[paustmEn)tIpaustman)potato/potatoes >[pateitou)tIpateitouz)

    to put on >(tu put on]quarter >[kuor:tit]

    ready >[redi]

    seat >[ si:t]

    shed >[~ed]

    39

    - spital, clinica

    - sot

    - fel, tip

    - de toate tipurile, de toate felurile

    - cutit/cutite

    -lampa

    - ultim, (cel) din urma, trecut- fiunzalfrunze

    - viatalvieti

    - camera de zi

    - franzela, paine (de 0 anurnitafonna)/franzele

    -- revista, magazin

    a thee, a confectiona

    IUllll

    ~oarCCC/~Ollrccj

    - ziar, gazetll

    - infmniera, sora

    - vizavi de, de partea cealalta

    - celalalt, cealalta (ceilalp.,celelalte)

    - bou/boi

    - parinti

    - a parca, a stationa

    - planta

    - politistlpoliti~ti

    - femei politistlfemeie politist

    -jcarto:ti'cartofi

    - a se imbraca, a ~eza

    - sfert, sfert de ceas/ora

    - gata, pregatit

    - loc de stat, scaun

    - ~opron, ~ura

  • sheep > [~i:p] - oaie, oi

    shel'shelves > [~elfJl[ ~elvz] - raft/rafturi

    shirt > [~a:'t] - cama~a

    sock > [sok] - ~oseta

    sort > [~o:'t] - fel, tip

    all sorts of > [0: 1 so:'ts ov] - de toate feIuriIe, de tot feIul

    spring > [sprin(g)] - primavara, primavaratic

    in spring > [in sprin(g)] - primavara

    to stay > [tu stei] - a ramane, a stastill > [stil] - inca, mai

    television set > [telivijn set] - televizorthing > [T'inCg)] - lucru, obiect /~

    tie > [tai] .- cravata

    till > [til] - pana la, pana ce

    tomato/tomatoes > [tama:tou]/[ tama:touz] - ro~ie/ro~ii, tomate

    too .> [tu:] - de asemenea, ~i

    tool > [tu:l] - uneaIta, scula

    tooth/tecth > [tu:T']{ti:T'] - dinte/dintiTV set > [ti:vi: sct] - televizor

    typist > [taipist] - dactilografii

    very > [veri] - foarte

    to watch > [Ill "ot~] - a se uita, a veghea, a pandi

    wife/wives > ["ail]lt"aivz] - sotie, nevast1ilsotii, neveste

    yesterday > [iesl