(428544201) 03_Articol_MAICANEAN-_verificat__corectat

8/10/2019 (428544201) 03_Articol_MAICANEAN-_verificat__corectat

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Ingineria Mediului i Antreprenoriatul Dezvoltrii Durabile Vol. 1, Nr. 3 (212!"nviron#ental "ngineering and $u%tainable Develop#ent "ntrepreneur%&ip Vol. 1, No. 3 (212!

IND'$)IA* +A$" ($A+D'$! A$ I-$-)"N$ -) D/"$ )"M-VA*)-M +A$"+A")$

)"0ID'')I IND'$)IA*" ()'M"'! A I I-$-)"N4I 5"N)'6ND"57)A)"A -*-)AN4I*-) DIN A5" '0A"

Silvia BURC, Maria STANCA, Cerasella INDOLEAN, Andrada MICNEANU *

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,

Babe-Bolyai Uniersity, !! "rany #anos st$, %&&&'(, Clu)-*apoca, +omania

Abstract: he purpose of this paper as to establish the

optimum e.perimental conditions for the remoal of methylene

blue from a/ueous solutions by biosorption on +omanian fir tree

sadust 0"bies "lba1$ he studies ere carried out under

arious e.perimental conditions$ Dye concentration, biosorbent

/uantity, grain si2e, or stirring rate ere considered in order to

assess the potential influence of biosorption conditions on fir

tree sadust for the remoal of methylene blue$ he results

indicate that fir tree sadust can be an attractie option for dye

remoal form diluted industrial effluents$

Keywords3 fir tree sadust 0"bies "lba1, methylene blue,biosorption, asteaters

Rezumat: 4copul acestei lucr5ri a fost de a stabili condi6iile

e.perimentale optime pentru 7ndep5rtarea albastrului de metilen

din solu6ii apoase prin biosorb6ie pe rumegu de brad 0"bies

"lba1$ 4tudiile au fost reali2ate 7n condi6ii e.perimentale ariate$

"u fost luate 7n considerare3 concentra6ia colorantului 7n solu6ie,

cantitatea de biosorbent, granula6ia i ite2a de agitare$ "stfel a

fost ealuat5 influen6a condi6iilor de biosorb6ie pe rumegus de

brad, pentru 7ndep5rtarea albastrului de metilen$ +e2ulatele

ob6inute indic5 faptul c5 rumegusul de brad repre2int5 o op6iune

atracti5 pentru 7ndep5rtarea coloran6ilor din efluen6i industriali

dilua6i$

Cuvinte cheie: rumegu de brad 0"bies "lba1, albastru de

metilen, biosorb6ie, ape u2ate

1. Introdu8tion

In Romania, as all over the orld, mana!in! andens"rin! !ood ater #"alit$ has %e&ome a ma'or(ro%lem in the &onte)t o o"r &o"ntr$+s ali!nmentith the standards and re#"irements ointernational la -./

0ater (oll"tion ith vario"s s$nteti& d$es,&omin! mainl$ rom vario"s ind"stries 1te)tile, ("l(

and (a(er, (rintin!, man"a&t"re o (aints2 is oneo the environmental iss"es a&in! o"r &o"ntr$ inre&ent $ears 3./

The irst indi&ator o a#"ati& dis&har!e oasteater &ontainin! d$es is the &olor, theel"ent %ein! stron!l$ loaded ith salts andor!ani& s"%stan&es ith lo %iode!radation(otential 4, 5./

The (resen&e o d$es in nat"ral aters(revents di"sion o s"nli!ht in ater, res"ltin! inthe red"&tion o the (hotos$nthesis (ro&ess ina#"ati& (lants, also inhi%its the a&tion o %a&teriathat de!rade or!ani& s"%stan&es 6./ Elimination o

1. Introdu8ere

7n Rom8nia, &a dealtel 9n 9ntrea!a l"me,!os(od:rirea ;i asi!"rarea "nor &ondi: ;i h8rtie, im(rimerii,a%ri&area vo(selelor2 este "na dintre (ro%lemelede medi" &" &are se &onr"nt: ate &" &onen: s"%stan


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Ingineria Mediului i Antreprenoriatul Dezvoltrii Durabile Vol. 1, Nr. 3 (212!"nviron#ental "ngineering and $u%tainable Develop#ent "ntrepreneur%&ip Vol. 1, No. 3 (212!=hone@ 5 35?6444F Ga)@ 5 35?6-eHmail@ a nd ra da & h em /"% % &l"' /ro
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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22 22

or!ani& d$es 1"s"all$ &ontainin! a>oHaromati&!ro"(s2 rom a#"ati& s$stems is a ver$ im(ortantiss"e in terms o environmental (rote&tion,%e&a"se most o this t$(e o d$es are to)i& andhave m"ta!eni&, terato!eni& and &ar&ino!eni&ee&ts on livin! or!anisms rom the a#"ati&environment ./

The main (ro%lem in treatin! asteaters&ontainin! a>oHd$es is related to the hi!h sta%ilit$o these s(e&ies, the$ are resistant to moderateo)idi>in! a!ents and li!ht, and &annot %e removed&om(letel$ %$ &onventional methods o anaero%i&de!radation J./

=ro&ed"res most &ommonl$ "sed ortreatment o asteaters &ontainin! a>oHd$es are@&oa!"lationHlo&&"lation, o>oni>ation, mem%ranese(aration, and adsor(tion on a&tivated &ar%on H-./ A&tivated &ar%on as (oder or !ran"les isidel$ "sed as adsor%ent, d"e to its hi!hadsor(tion &a(a&it$, hi!h s(e&ii& s"ra&e area andmi&ro(oro"s str"&t"re/ A&tivated &ar%on "sa!e is,hoever, a (ro%lem or "nderdevelo(ed &o"ntriesor develo(in! &o"ntries, d"e to the hi!h &ostsinvolved in their "sa!e ./

Usin! relativel$ loH&ost adsor%ents s"&h assad"st, li!nin, ash res"ltin! rom vol&ani&er"(tions, (alm tr"nK, l$ ash, dr$ $east, !"ava,almonds and %ean h"sK, &itr"s (eel and other"ne)(ensive and eas$ to ind materials is desira%le--H-5./

The aim o this (a(er as to esta%lish theo(tim"m o(eratin! &onditions o the meth$lene%l"e 1MB2 %iosor(tion (ro&ess rom a#"eo"ssol"tion %$ Romanian ir tree sad"st 1"bies "lba2in order to a&hieve hi!h ei&ien&$ or the%iosor(tion (ro&ess/

Gir tree sad"st as taKen into&onsideration d"e to its a%"ndan&e, %ioavaila%ilit$and lo &ost/ Moreover, it is an im(ortant ste(toards e)(loitin! the (otential o "sin! %iomassaste or ind"strial mana!ement o asteaters

-6H3./

2. Material% and Met&od%

In order to reali>e %iosor(tion o MB rom a#"eo"ssol"tions %$ ir tree sad"st 1"bies "lba2,e)(erimental st"dies ere reali>ed "sin!%iosor%ent sam(les taKen rom M:r!:" vila!e, Cl"'Co"nt$/

The %iosor%ent as ashed ti&e ithdistilled ater, dried in oven at -6C or ho"rs

and sieved on three &ate!ories o !rain si>e@ /3H/5 mm, /5H/ mm and !rain si>e / mm/D$e a#"eo"s sol"tion 1- m!?L sto&K

sol"tion2 as o%tained %$ disolvin! ne&essar$

Eliminarea &oloranonarea, se(ararea(rin mem%ran:, ;i adsor%"t&"m ar i@ r"me!";, li!nin:, &en";: re>"ltat:din er"(ate -6H3./

2. Materiale i #etode

=entr" reali>area st"diilor e)(erimentale de%iosor%


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#"antit$ o solide s"%stan&e, MB 1anal$ti&al ("rit$rea!ent2 in distilled ater/ Grom this sol"tion ere"rther (re(ared sol"tions ith Knon&on&entration in 6H3 m! MB?L ran!e/

Biosor%tion (ro&ess as &ond"&ted in %at&h&onditions, "nder ma!neti& stirrin!, thro"!h the&onta&t o a &ertain amo"nt o %iosor%ent ith a

vol"me o - mL d$e a#"eo"s sol"tion o vario"s&on&entrations/ The %iosor%tion (ro&ess asreali>ed "ntil e#"ili%ri"m as rea&hed/

D$e &on&entration in sol"tion asdetermined "sin! a ena$ 46 UHISs(e&trootemeter at a avelen!th o 6 nm ater a(reliminar$ &entri"!ation 1or 6 min/ at -,r(m2 and a((ro(riate dil"tion/ Sam(les ere&ole&ted at esta%lished time intervals/

The inl"en&e o the olloin! (arameters onthe ei&ien&$ o %iosor%tion (ro&ess as&onsidered@ initial &on&entration o MB, the amo"nto %iosor%ent, %iosor%ent !rain si>e and inl"en&eo stirrin! s(eed/ Biosor(tion (ro&ess ei&ien&$e)(ressed as (er&enta!e, as &al&"lated ith theolloin! e#"ation 3-.@

&antit:


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as rea&hed ver$ #"i&Kl$, ater a%o"t 3 min"teshen 4, 5 and 6 ! o %iosor%ent ere "sed, andlater, ater a%o"t min"tes hen - or 3 ! o%iosor%ent ere "sed 1Gi!/ -2/

Biosor(tion (ro&ess ei&ien&$ val"es arehi!h or all the ive "sed #"antities 1 J/6P2 itha ma)im"m val"e &al&"lated hen 6 ! o

%ioser%ent ere "sed 1/4P2, 1Gi!/ 32/

&ir&a 3 min"te 9n &a>"l "tili>:rii a 4, 5 ;i 6 !%iosor%ent, ;i mai tar>i", res(e&tiv d"(:a(ro)imativ min"te, 9n &a>"l "tili>:rii a - !res(e&tiv 3 ! de %iosor%ent 1Gi!/ -2/

Randament"l (ro&es"l"i de %iosor%ate 1 J,6P2, iind ma)im 9n &a>"l "tili>:rii a

6 ! de %iosor%ent 1,4P2, 1Gi!/ 32/

-BB

DB

EB

- ! 6 ! 6

J 5

6 4

5

4 3

3

- -

6 - -6 3 36B

t (#in!

/6 J J/6 /6 DD/6

;#a< (=!

Gi!"re -/ MB &on&entration time evol"tion or dierent initial%iosor%ent #"antities/

Gi!"re 3/ Inl"en&e o the %iosor%ent #"antit$ over thema)im"m %iosor(tion (ro&ess ei&ien&$/

3.$. %nitial &' solution concentration over the

biosorption proces

E)(eriments ere &ond"&ted "sin! vol"mes o- mL MB a#"eo"s sol"tions ith the olloin!

&on&entrations@ 6, J6, -, -6 and 3 m!?L/E)(eriments ere realised in %at&h &onditionsith ma!neti& stirrin! at 3 r(m, (Q 6/-3, atroom tem(erat"re 1T 33C2 and 4 ! o /5H/mm !rain si>e ir tree sad"st/

As the initial &on&entration in&reases,%iosor(tion (ro&ess e#"ili%ri"m as rea&hedmore dii&"lt, ater a%o"t min"tes, %$&om(arison ith '"st 3 min"tes or small&on&entrations 1Gi!/ 42/

E)(erimental res"lts shoed that

%iosor(tion &a(a&it$ in&reases ith in&reasin!&on&entration o MB d$e in a#"eo"s sol"tion,rom -/JJ m!?! hen a 6 m! MB?L a#"eo"ssol"tion as "sed "( to /56 m!?! hen a 3m! MB?L a#"eo"s sol"tion vas "sed 1Gi!/ 52/

Ma)im"m %iosor%tion (ro&ess ei&ien&$val"es are ver$ &lose, %ein! sit"ated %eteenJ/6 and /P, hi&h shos that the MB%iosor(tion rom a#"eo"s sol"tion %$ ir treesad"st &an %e reali>ed also at hi!h&on&entrations o d$e, ith ver$ !ood (ro&ess

ei&ien&ies/

3.$. %n(luen#a concentra#iei solu#iei apoase de

&' asupra procesului de biosorb#ie

=entr" reali>area e)(erimentelor sHa" "tili>at, 9nvol"me de - mL, sol":rii "nei sol"


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3BB

-EB

6 m!?L 3 m!?L

3BB

?.@A

-CB

-5B

-6B

@.1B

-3B

-BB

-BB 3.2B

EB

J6

2.1B

5B

1.CC

B

6 - -6 3 36B

t (#in!

- 3 4 5 6 J

9#a< (#g M,>g!

Gi!"re 4/ MB &on&entration time evol"tion or dierent initial&on&entrations/

Gi!"re 5/ Inl"en&e o MB &on&entration over the %iosor(tion&a(a&it$/

3.3. Establishing optimum biosorbent grainsize

In order to esa%lish the o(tim"m %iosor%ent !rainsi>e, e)(eriments ere reali>ed in the olloin!&onditions@ - mL MB a#"eo"s sol"tion o -m!?L as &onta&ted ith 4 ! o %iosor%ent ith!rain si>es o /3H/5, /5H/ and / mm/ MB%iosor(tion e)(eriments ere &ond"&ted in %at&h&onditions ith ma!neti& stirrin! at 3 r(m, (Q6/-3 and room tem(erat"re 1T 33C2/

The o%tained res"lts shoed that internaldi"sion thro"!h the (ores o the %iosor%ent(arti&le does not have inl"en&e over the (ro&ess/Biosor(tion as realised mainl$ on the e)ternals"ra&e o the ir tree sad"st !rain/ Th"s the%iosor(tion (ro&ess ei&ien&$ val"es in&reasesli!htl$ ith an in&rease o the !rain si>e, so iththe e)ternal s"ra&e 1Gi!/ 62/

Biosor%tion &a(a&it$ in&reases ra(idl$ inthe irst - min"tes, ater hi&h there is a sloin&rease "ntil the e#"ili%ri"m val"e 1%eteen 3and min"tes de(endin! on !rain si>e2/

Biosor%tion &a(a&it$ val"es are ver$ &lose or thethree !rain si>e &lasses &onsidered, the ma)im"mval"e %ein! 4/3 m!?!, or !rain si>e / mm1Gi!/ 2/

3.). Establishing optimum stirringrate

0ith the ("r(ose o identi$in! the o(tim"m stirrin!rate, e)(eriments ere reali>ed in %at&h &onditionsith ma!neti& stirrin! at -6, 3, 4, 5, 6and r(m, "sin! - mL MB a#"eo"s sol"tion

o - m!?L, (Q 6/-3 and room tem(erat"re 1T 33C2/ Biosor%ent #"antit$ as 4 ! o /5H/ mm!rain si>e/

It &an %e seen that the in&rease o thestirrin! rate led to a sli!ht in&rease o the%iosor(tion (ro&ess ei&ien&$, ith a ma)im"m at4 r(m 1/JP2/

3.3. !tabilirea granula#iei optime de biosorbent

=entr" sta%ilirea !ran"la


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This is d"e to thinnin! o the li#"id ilmormed at the !rain s"ra&e, hi&h ill res"lt inminimi>in! the inl"en&e o e)ternal di"sion overthe %iosor(tion (ro&ess/ G"rther in&rease o thestirrin! rate lead to a de&rease o the %iosor(tion(ro&ess ei&ien&$, d"e to the a&t that MBmole&"les &annot rea&h the ir tree sad"st

s"ra&e 1Gi!/ J2/

A&est l"&r" se datorea>: s"%"ltat minimi>area inl"en


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The o%tained res"lts indi&ate that the&onsidered ir tree sad"st has a hi!h %iosor(tion&a(a&it$ or MB rom a#"eo"s sol"tions, thema)im"m val"e or %iosor(tion &a(a&it$ as&al&"lated to %e /56 m!?! ith (ro&ess ei&ien&$val"es "( to /P/

Ater &om(arin! the res"lts o%tained e

&on&l"ded that the o(tim"m o(eratin! &onditionsare@ %iosor%ent amo"nt o 4 ! 1or - mL a#"eo"ssol"tion2 /5H/ mm (arti&le si>e and a stirrin!s(eed o 3 r(m, in %at&h mode/

Re>"ltate o% A//, "len / and Evers R/Q/, Adsor(tion o meth$lene %l"e rom a#"eo"s sol"tion on

($rol$>ed (etriied sediment, Bioreso"r&e Te&hnolo!$, 3, @-64H-6//. ElHVada E/N/, Allen S// and 0alKer /M/, Adsor(tion o %asi& d$es rom a#"eo"s sol"tion onto a&tivated

&ar%ons, Chemi&al En!ineerin! o"rnal, 3, -46@-J5H-5/-/. AlHVodaha /, Lai 0//, AlHAn%er /, AlHShanna! M/ and Qarahsheh A/, Adsor(tion o meth$lene %l"e %$

a&id and heat treated diatoma&eo"s sili&a, Desalination, 3J, 3-J@3-3H335/--/. ar! //, Amita M/, "mar R/ and "(ta R/, Basi& d$e 1meth$lene %l"e2 removal rom sim"lated asteater

%$ adsor(tion "sin! Indian Roseood sad"st@ a tim%er ind"str$ aste , D$es and =i!ments, 35, 4@354H36/-3/. Laasri L/, Elamrani M// and CherKao"i O/, Removal o To Cationi& D$es rom a Te)tile El"ent %$ GiltrationH

Adsor(tion on 0ood Sad"st, Environmental S&ien&e and =oll"tion Resear&h, 3J, -5@34J35/-4/. Morais L/C/, Greitas O/M/, on&alves E/=/, as&on&elos L/T/ and on>ale> Be&a C//, Rea&tive d$es removal

rom asteaters %$ adsor(tion on e"&al$(t"s %arK aria%les that deine the (ro&ess, 0ater Resear&h,-,44@J/

-5/. Ahmada A/, Raat"llah% M/, S"laiman% O/, I%rahima M/Q/ and Qashim% R/, S&aven!in! %ehavio"r o meranti

sad"st in the removal o meth$lene %l"e rom a#"eo"s sol"tion, o"rnal o Qa>ardo"s Materials,3,-J@46J46/

-6/. M:i&:nean" A/, Bedelean Q/ and Stan&a M/, eolia&ar M/ and Sen!il A/I/, A Kineti& st"d$ o metal &om(le) d$e sor(tion onto (ine sad"st, =ro&essBio&hemistr$, 36, 5@666J3/

3/. Bedelean Q/, M:i&:nean" A/, B"r&: S/ and Stan&a M/, Removal o heav$ metal ions rom asteaters "sin!nat"ral &la$s, Cla$ Minerals, 3, 55@5J56/

3-/. Bedelean Q/, M:i&:nean" A/, B"r&: S/, Stan&a M/, Romanian >eoliti& vol&ani& t"s and %entonites "sedto remove ammoni"m ions rom asteaters, Qelleni& o"rnal o eos&ien&es, 3-, 56@34H43/


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$anda Andrada Mi8neanu!rad"ated Ga&"lt$ o Chemistr$and Chemi&al En!ineerin!,XBa%e;HBol$aiX Universit$ Cl"'HNa(o&a in -5, earnin! the&hemi&al en!ineer title,s(e&iali>ation Te&hnolo!$ o

Inor!ani& S"%stan&es, and in-6 re&eived MS& de!ree, s(e&iali>ationCatal$sis and Bio&atal$sis/ She o%tained Do&tor o=hiloso(h$ title, s(e&iali>ation Chemistr$, ith thethesis entitled, XAtomisti& sim"lation o o)idematerials ith &atal$ti& (ro(ertiesX, at Ga&"lt$ oMilitar$ S&ien&es, Te&hnolo!$ and Mana!ement,Cranield Universit$, reat Britain, in 33/

Qis (roessional &areer started in -6 atthe De(artment o Chemi&al Te&hnolo!$, Ga&"lt$o Chemistr$ and Chemi&al En!ineerin!, XBa%e;HBol$aiX Universit$ Cl"'HNa(o&a as t"tor/ At thisde(artment !oes thro"!h al tea&hin! hierar&h$"ntil 3 hen o%tains the title o Reader/

D"rin! her tea&hin! &areer, she as?isholder o the &o"rses 1%a&helor and master level2@G"ndamentals o environmental te&hnolo!$,Catal$ti& (ro&esses?Qetero!eneo"s &atal$sis,Anal$sis and s$nthesis o &hemi&al s$stems, RisKassesment in environmental (rote&tion, andNat"ral materials "sed in de(oll"tion (ro&esses/

Qer resear&h a&tivit$ is &losel$ linKed toenvironmental (oll"tion (ro%lems startin! ith the

di(loma (ro'e&t 1SO3 removal rom air %$ &atal$ti&o)idation2, develo(in! in the resear&h team iththe (assin! $ears/ In the A((lied Chemistr$ inEnvironmental =rote&tion !ro"(, to hi&h she%elon!s, are addressed (ro%lems re!ardin!develo(ment o te&hnolo!ies 1&atal$ti&, nonH&atal$ti&2 "sed to remove to)i& s"%stan&es rom(oll"ted environments, and the "se and&hara&teri>ation o nat"ral materials orenvironmental remediation/

Tea&hin! and s&ien&e a&tivit$ is &on&reti>ed

%$ ("%lished %ooKs and &ha(ters 142, la%orator$man"als 1-2, invited le&t"rer in So&rates?Erasm"s(ro!rames, (arti&i(ation in n"mero"s resear&h(ro'e&ts 132, ("%li&ation o arti&les 1662, revieeror 'o"rnals 1e!/ Desalination, Chemi&alEn!ineerin! o"rnal2 and resear&h sta!es 1Qenr$=oin&arY Universit$, Gran&e, E)eter Universit$,Cranield Universit$, reat Britain2/

$anda Andrada Mi8neanu a a%solvitGa&"ltatea de Chimie ;i In!inerie Chimi&: aUniversit:: ;i Bio&atali>:/

Titl"l de Do&tor 9n \tiinarea Chimie, &"l"&rarea intit"lat:, ZSim"larea la nivel atomi& amaterialelor o)idi&e &" (ro(riet:

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