38 Convertoare Electromecanice II - Curs

8/15/2019 38 Convertoare Electromecanice II - Curs

1/92

Ion VLAD

CONVERTOARE

ELECTROMECANICE II

Noti e de curs


2/92

2

No iuni generale3.1.3. Înfáçurári de curent alternativ

y ! "

# $

$ m 2

% & ' & zona de dus(

& zon de întors. % c N

mpq N c 2= ) *& " înf urarea întreag # $

+ " ,

c N p

2

= " / "

- ),( p N c

=

mt

N c . / " ) 0 " ! (

=

m N c " (

=

m N c2 " ! ) 1

2


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)

3.1.3.2. Înfáçurári trifazate íntr-un singur strat# $ ! "

24=c N 2= p 3=m ( 2=t 3

# ) 0 ) 1 (3 # 624

22/ === " ) 3)

) # 42 =

m

N c

(

, 2 " 3 ) 4 $# "

32

5 * 0 1 6 7 8 3 334

" / A / B /C 4 $

$9 "

" , $ "

: – ;

(

Fig. 3.23. Steaua t.e.m. pentru înf surarea analizat.


4/92

4

– " "

< " ) 34 = ! " < " ) 3* ' ; " ) 3) ;

3.1.3.3. Înfáçurári trifazate ín douá straturi+

+

y y = ;

> "

"

m

N c " " " = " ) 36

18=c N 2= p 3=m 2/3=q 2


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*

< " ) 36 #

3.1.3.4. Înfáçurári ín colivie9 !

c N

" ) 37

< : 2/1= N

c N m = "

3.2.2. T.e.m. indusá íntr-o ínfáçurare de curent alternativ

# . ? @ " " ) )3 . . v / .A . ?. @ " . . /

, / ! / .A . ? @ / ? A

. . # / / .A/ ". / .

Fig.3.29. Înf uraren colivie.


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6

T.e.m. indusá de armonica fundamentalá de spaþiu ?" 1 B B . /

?. pn f =1 ) 30

A "c N p

2

=

# . 1ecU . . / ! . " " ,il

vl BU iec 11 21= ) 31

@ n p Dnv == 2 n pl BU iec = 22

111 ) 36

< $ .

===

0 01111

2sin)( iii l B xdx Bl dxl x B ) 37

111 2=

f U ec

) )8 / ; . . / .

" " ) )3 . / . " $ .' . . " x

. " / @ / ? @ "

< / . / , x . " / @ / ?

@ " / ?. " /

x . ? " " ( . " ) )) A . 1eciU 25 ' ;

/ $ c= % @ >

2sin211

RU RU eciec == ) )


7/92

1

111 iececi K U U = ) )3

22sin1

cc K i = ) ))

/ . @ . / .

< " ) )3 ? ? < " ) )) B . / !

" A . / ?. . / . / "

B . / ! . 1esU ? . / C " 3 )8

" y

y " ) )4

1111 22sin2 seciecies K U y

yU U ==

) )4

y y

K s 2sin1 = / .A . y y = ).11 = s K

T.e.m. indusá íntr-o bobiná cu b s spire11 esbeb U sU = ) )*


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8

< " ) )4 B . / ! . < " ) )* B . / .

B & / . .

=

=

q

k ebk eq U U

111 )( ' / . "

111211 )(...)(...)()( ebqebk ebeb U U U U ===== ) )0

A c

N p

2

= ( " ? ? . / / !

. >

2sin2;

2sin2 11

q RU RU eqeb == ) )1

111 r ebeq K qU U =

2sin

2sin

1

q

q K r =

1r K . @ ! 1eqU . + / .A / ". / . "

11 2 eqe pU U = ) 48

111111 24 = f K K K pqsU r sibe

) 4

% . . b pqs N 2= A1111 r si B K K K K = / .A .


9/92

7

1111 2 = Be NK f U ) 43> ? . A / .A . / !

11 eqe pU U = b pqs N =

2. T.e.m. indusá de armonica de ordinul @

1= ( p p =

==

c N

p2 ) 40

< ? . 1 f pnn p f === ) 41

= Be NK f U 2 ) 46

3. T.e.m. indusá pe o fazá . ?

=

=

1

2

ee U U ) *3

, . y A / . c

A ? . ? / .# A / A .. A c @ A y @

y

2. Cãmpul magnetic ínvãrtitor circular produs pe cale mecanicá # . A . . ? " ) 43 A

/ .A $ ? . . ' . / @ "

? " A / . . ? . ! ?. $ ?.

2 > " ) 43 $ @ " , ? $ ?. " :

gReR p B B x B sinsin)( ==


10/92

10

eR ! " $ ?. 2 > A $ (

gR ! " "# . ?. $ ?. 2 # A

. gSR ! " " $ . ( gS !" " /

?. 2 # @ : gR gSR gS += ) 63

' . . $ $ ? . " . .

A A @ " ? 2 # ? ) 6 A ) 63 ?

@ " ? :)(sin)( gSR gS p B x B = ) 6)

@ . -8 / ? :

x pt S A R A eS gS gSR ===.... ) 64

/ ? :

== t x Bt p p Bt x B gS

sin)sin(),( ) 6*

#! ? @ " / @ . A " . / / . D @ . ? . A / @ A

A .

1. MAÇINA SINCRONÁ1.PÁRÞI COMPONENTE ÇI MATERIALE UTILIZATE

E A . A . . . ? " . ? p f n /60 11 = +

< " ) 43 ,@ "/ @ .


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. A . @ " . / .A . / . / .A $ ?

E A . . " A ' . . A

/ ? ? " . ? . .

! A . ? " 3 . ? . .

! A . / ? , ? A ?/

< " # ? . . < " 3 # ? . . ! A . . ? ! A . . / ?

? . " / ? " turbogenerator . .

. hidrogenerator . . .B " " / ?

? ? .

" " . ? /? . :'- !3 – ( - 0!1 ! " "

F " " ? ? ? A . /

? . . $ : '- 4! 0 – ( - !3 ! " "


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12

Statorul . $. A A A A .

.? Rotorul A .

@ / . : ? / ?

1.1.1. Párþile componente ale statoruluiCarcasa " A

A ? . A ? /? . .

Miezul feromagnetic al statorului @ " / A . . . .

$ " 8 * ' . " . G38!3* .

" ? $ . . A , " .A

" ? . . + A A " .

.B . . . Înfáçurarea statoruluie / .A . / ! /

$ . . A . / .

< / .A . A . ? A ?

. + A D-)! * HI + A A / . . . @ !

1.1.2. Párþile componente ale rotoruluiA. Rotorul cu poli aparenþi # . A A ?

*88 J @ + A / A

A / .A . $ ?


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14/92


15/92

* A @ / ? ? A ?" .:

)(2)()( // x p

x x B E o E

µ =

. ? @ " ? . :

)( x E ! ? $ ? . A ( ! . (

)(// x !/ E. / ? ? .

C k A " ? A sk :

)()(// xk k x C s = 3 " * .

? A . . . " A .A . /

/ .A $ ? E I A @ " "

# / . .

E B @ .. .

1 E B A ' / .

. . " ; . # . $ " . A $ A & $ .

Reac " ia transversalá a indusului / . . ( ) 0, == I U eE ,

" " 0 K )0( == d q I I I A K a . K. K E 2/

. . . '1 / $ 21, d d " 0 + L " K

/ A " " > /

< " * # ? A A @ "


16/92

16 . K. L " '

K 0= A K .

< " 0 > K . : – ? A . A ? @

? A .( ! "

M " 0 . K K K . /

$ A $ . / $ &' . / .,ct = K .

@ ? . " . :

)(2)(

)( // x p x

x B aqoaq

= *

9 . . " . ? K / . ? @ 2 .

" ? A ? 1 " 1 A " 1

" ? " ? :a) Maçiná nesaturatá " . " 1

A ? " . / / . E B + " ? . 1 .

. ? " min B . . A? 2 . A ? max M


17/92

1

< " 1 ? / . .:! A . .( ! A . .

< $ A ? / " ? abcd S ? / . ABcd S

' " . ? . " F5 " . " F2 A

" . . . . . . " " $ A . ? / . "

? / " E = b) Maçiná saturatá

" ." 1 A # ?" # . . ? ." " . ?

ABcd abcd S S . $ A . ? / . @ ? / "

E <

Efectele reacþiei transversale sunt urmátoarele:- " A " A (! $ / A . ?. $ ." .(! . $ A . ? / . ?.

/ " . ? "


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18

Reacþia longitudinalá a indusului ín cazul 2/ = A . . A "

6 . )0( == qd I I I # . . . K " 6 '1 / $

+ L K / > A " " / A A @

< " 6 > K " . 2/ = – ? A . A ? @ ? " A .( ! "

$ " . A $. @ ? A 2/=" K A " .

# K . L A K A; ), E I I . L K

. " 6 L K

" M " . K K K .

Reacþia longitudinalá a indusului ín cazul 2/ = A . . A "

7 . / )0( == qd I I I # . . . A ? . .

+ L K / A


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7 " " / A A

@ A A

< " 7 > K " . 2/ = – ? A . A ? @ ? " A .( ! "

> K " " /" 7 . . K . r A

1.3. ECUAÞIILE DE TENSIUNI §I DIAGRAMELEFAZORIALE

1.3.1. Generatorul sincron cu poli ínecaþi, ?

. / .A . A # .

! N / # . A $ / .A . A @

A ." " . ? :

euu Ri $=+ ! :

> ! ? / .A . .( ! ( ! (

< " 3) . A


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20

eu$ ! / / .A, . " ?

"

dt d

u e =$ 3! $ . / .A

# / . $ . :% ++= a E )

E ! $ (a ! $ ? (% ! $

2 $ . . ? :

i L

i L

Nk

aa

E B E

% %

=

=

=

4

% ! . . / .A . ( Bk ! ;(

E ! $ (a L ! . @ ? (% L ! . @

, / $ / ? 66 ? :% eeaeE e uuuu ++=$ *

eE u ! . @ (eau ! . @ (% eu ! . @

. ? / . . .:

Riuuuu eeaeE ++= % 0, ? A .

. . / / 3/2 3/4

" / $ ? ? . .:


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3 I RU U U U eeaeE ++= % 1

? :

I jX U

I jX U

fNK jU

e

aea

E BeE

% %

=

=

= 26

a X ! ? . @ ? (% X ! ? . @

2 @ . ? 1 / " 34 ! ". A . . / " 3*" . .

< " 34 ' " . < " 3* ' " . . . . .

Ecuaþia de tensiuni çi diagrama fazorialá transformatá# / ? :

I X X jU U aeea )( % % +=+ 7% X X X a s += 38

s X ! ? . A

I jX U ses = 3A ? . :

I RU U U eseE += 33


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22

' " . / " 30 . .

Ecuaþia de tensiuni çi diagrama fazorialá simplificatá " ; . . ?.

eseE U U U += 3)' " . . . / " 31

< " 30 ' " . < " 31 ' " .. .

1.3.2. Generatorul sincron cu poli aparenþi . . " / ?

. / .A A " 3) # . ! N / #

euu Ri $=+ 34

dt d

u e =$ 3*! $ . / .A

% +++= aqad E 30 E ! $ (ad ! $ ? . $ " .(aq ! $ ? . $ .(% ! $ ad L ! . @ ? " (aq L ! . @ ? (

d i ! " . (


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3)

qi ! . , / $ / ? 3* ? :

% eeaqead eE e uuuuu +++=$ 36ead u ! . @ ? " (eaqu ! . @ . ? / .

Riuuuuu eeaqead eE +++= % 37 " / $

? ? . .: I RU U U U U eeaqead eE +++= % )8

? :

I jX U

I jX U

I jX U

fNK jU

e

qaqeaq

d ad ead

E BeE

% %

=

=

=

= 2

)

ad X ! ? . @ ? " ( aq X !

? . @ ?

< " 36 ' " . < " 37 ' " . . . . .

2 @ . ? )8 / " 36 ! ". A . . / " 37

" . .


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24

Ecuaþia de tensiuni çi diagrama fazorialá transformatá@ . . $

? . . :)( qd qaqd ad eeaqead I I jX I jX I jX U U U +=++ % % )3

.

%

%

X X X

X X X

aqq

ad d

+=

+=

))

d X

! ? . " . A (q X ! ? . .

.

qqeq

d d ed

I jX U

I jX U =

=

)4

I RU U U U eqed eE ++= )*, ? A " .. / " )8 . .

Ecuaþia de tensiuni çi diagrama fazorialá simplificatá " ; . . ?.

eqed eE U U U U ++= )0' " . . . / " )

< " )8 ' " . < " ) ' " .. .


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3*1.4. CUPLAREA ÍN PARALEL

A GENERATOARELOR SINCRONE % . / " :

! " @ . (

! ? . " / / . ? / ? @ " @ (

! . A ?M . A A /

/ / . N . " K" )3 " )) . / . ? : I " A ? . "

3 # " A ? . A) " ? " A ?4 . .

" . .

Verificarea condiþiilor çi modul de índeplinire al acestora, ? " . .

; . . . " A ? ' .? / . . $ ?

" A U U g < . U U g > @ . @ ? "

3 , ? A " A ? A ; . . ; " / @

Montajul la stingere . " )3

" " A ? /" )3 ' . .

321 ,, U U U . / " )3 " A A " A

' . / . K A / . M / N / K .

K K L /" A K


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26

, $ / ; " )3 . K A " ! 5 #

. . 541 ,, U U U . A A "

/ ? . " ? A . K

< " )3: ! ; " "

K ( ! " . " A K A 321 ,, U U U .

Montajul la foc ínvãrtitor# . " )) "

" A ? / " )) , . 321 ,, U U U

. . @ / @' . / . K A

/ . # . . 541 ,, U U U A " , / ? . "

? A . K


27/92

31

)< " )): ! ; / @ "

K ( ! " . " A K A 321 ,, U U U

.

I ? " ? " A ? ; ' . K " / $ K . $. A

. . .' . K . .

" . g r g r , K K A " #. . U . / A . .

, / ? . ? ? " @ . @ ? " .4 2 ? / .

. montajului la stingere // N / " .

; . " L

K L . / L / K montajului la foc ínvãrtitor ? / . @

. . .?"

Consecinþe ín cazul nerespectárii condiþiile . ? "

/ . A " . ? ?


28/92


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37

vm M p P P ++=1 )7' . . ? / ! " . . ? ? A / " ? :

01 M M M += 48

1.5.2. Cuplul çi puterea electromagneticá# " ; . / / .A

" cos2 mUI P P M =' 4' " . . A

? " )* . = 43 ? ? 4

. A ? :

sinsincoscos

mUI

mUI P M +

+=

4)

# / . cossin I I si I I qd == 44

' " . /" )* ? . . $

qq

d

eE d X

U I

X U U

I sincos

==

M K. ?4) 44 A 4* ? . " :

2sin112

sin2

+=

d qd

eE M X X

mU X

mUU P 40

" . / . ? ? " .

(()

*

++,

-

+=

2sin11

2sin

2

d qd

eE

X X mU

X mUU p

M 41

# . . " . @. :

< " )* ' " .. A

?


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30

-Componenta principalá $ . . A . $ ?

sin/d

eE

X mUU p

M = 41

!Componenta auxiliará $ . A ?. . . $ :

2sin112

2//

=

d q X X mU p

M 41

. . .

" cossincossin

)sin(sinmUI mUI

mUI mUI Q=

===

46

/ qd I I , A ? :

qd qd

eE

X mU

X X mU

X mUU

Q22

2cos112

cos

+= 47

# . A . . . . $ ? . $ . . .

. $ A / . .

Caracteristica unghiular staticá A :

./

.01

=

=

=

=

...

)(,ct I

ct f

ct U

f M P

E

M *8

La maçina cu poli ínecaþi / ?. . $ " ? .

sqd X X X == * " . .

sin/ s

eE

X mUU p M M == *3

" . . / " )0 .


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)

< " )0 " . )( f M = " : ! / ? ( ! ?

La maçina cu poli aparenþi . " . " )0

9 . " )0 . " . A /

"

1.6. CARACTERISTICILE DE FUNCÞIONARE ALEGENERATORULUI SINCRON

1.6.1. Caracteristicile generatorului sincron autonom1.Caracteristica de funcþionare ín gol 2 . . . ?. :

./

.01

=

=

=

=

0..

)(0 I

ct f

ct n

I f U E *)

0U ? / " eE U U =0 ' eE U

K . $ A $ ? "

? / " )(0 E I f U = . .

. " A)( mmU f =

, . : A

< " )1 ? / "


32/92

32$ ? A . A ? . @ ; " / ? . @ $ .

. . . A $ ? ' . . "/ . . $ ? . #

. . . @ " . . .

2.Caracteristica de scurtcircuit . ; K

/0

1=

==

0

.)(

U

ct f I f I

E sc *4+ ? / .A . . @

? OPP> / 2/ > K " M L

L " / K K. K / " A . L "

> K )( E sc I f I = . . . / / K +

K .L A

.M L K "

K A . ( $ K **

.

3. Caracteristicile de funcþionare ín sarciná K

./

.01

=

=

=

=

.cos..

)(ct

ct f

ct I

I f U E "

*1

9 K. . . / . . 0= / " .

- -8 . / .


33/92

)) " .

A - ! F .

< " 48 / . < " 4 $ " "

4. Caracteristicile externe K

./

.01

=

=

=

=

.cos..

)(ct

ct f

ct I

I f U E

" *6

' . A $ . / L " N N I U , )2/ " = / L K

" . . . A L / / D + . . " L /

A . / "

5. Caracteristicile de reglare2 K


34/92

34

./

.01

=

=

=

=

.cos..

)(ct

ct f

ct U

I f I E "

*7

< 0 E I $ K "

K L / " D . M " 43 !

D -

A ' . )2/( = / . "

K " ." . A 'eU A

D " . K D- . . A

A $ K

1.6.2. Caracteristicile de funcþionare ale generatorului sincroncuplat la reþea1.6.2.1. Funcþionarea generatorului sincron la cuplu constant çi

curent de excitaþie variabila) Funcþionarea ín gol< A . .

K K. A . A K -8 U U eE = A

0= " " 4)

#! Eo I ! $ ? ? / "" . U U eE =

' . A $ K Eo E I I > A eE U A /

" ;. ? . s R A

< " 43 " "

< " 4) ! K / . . A


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)*

s s

eE

jX U

jX U U

I

== 08

/ . K. " " " 4)

" . . / K A . $ ? ; " /

?' . K. K / " $ K Eo E I I <

I K . / eE

U A " . K " . " 4)

2 . ? " A / I ? / " 02 = P . / " 4*

M . . $ K . . A . / .

A $ K . A . . / ? 8,0cos =

c) Caracteristicile ín V, /

I :

./

.01

=

=

=

=

.

..

)(ct P

ct f

ct U

I f I E 0

M " . ! / .

K . . .

)( E I f I = K

I . / A L / I . / . .

K . " $ QG8 " $ QP8

< " 4* / I A

,-


36/92

36

1.6.2.2. Funcþionarea generatorului sincron la cuplu variabilçi curent de excitaþie constant

' . K . " "0 6 . A A K A

U U eE , . A eE U /. 0 I A 00 ' " . . .

/ " 40 I . . . U A A

K . " . K' .

A . K A eE U

. / . K. U " 0 A !

A " . " 40 #. . A .. . " . . K

. K . / " + $ K @

A . / / . . E A . . . / " "

a) Stabilitatea staticá a maçinii sincrone# . . "

K / K )( f P = L .

, . . " / ? " 41 2 ? . " 0 A

? A / " ? :01 M M M += 03

' . A 1 M /

1 M . A " 0 /0 .

< " 40 I ? / . . A


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38

1.8. FUNCÞIONAREA GENERATORULUI SINCRON ÍNREGIM STAÞIONAR NESIMETRIC

? $ " ? @ ? A ! ? @ . .

? @ # " / A

. ? . : " ; . ? / ? .(

" .

? . : ? . C B A I I I ,, A ? Cl Bl Al I I I ,, (

. C B A U U U ,, A A " A .

/ . ? . . A . hhiid d jX R Z jX R Z jX R Z +=+=+= 17

d Z ! ? . ? @@ A ? / A (

i Z ! ? . ? @@ A / (

h Z ! ? . ? @ " A @ $ . @

" 2 " ? .

/ ? A :! . (! . . (! < ?. " . / . . / .


39/92


40/92

40

( )

( )

( )...

/

.

.

.

0

1

==++=

==++=

=++=

)(31)(

31

31

)(31)(

31

31

031

22

22

22

22

aa I aa I I a I a I I

aa I aa I I a I a I I

I I I I

k BC B A Ai

k BC B A Ad

C B A Ah

60

# . . . . : Ai Ad I I = 61

' ? " / .eE ses U I jX U U U =+= 66

2 . ? . 2 . A . @ @ . ? :

00

=+

=+

=+

Ahh Ah

Aii Ai

eA Ad d Ad

I jX U

I jX U

U I jX U

67

' . . ? 67 A /

? 6* .:eA Aii Ad d U I jX I jX = 78

? ? 61 A .:

id

eA

id

eA Ad X X

U j

X X jU

I +

=+

=

)( 7

2 A / . :

id

e Ad X X

U I

+= 0 73

< " *) ' " : ! ( ! ? . A .


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4

" *) ! " . // .A . . / .

2/ ?. . / 2 @ " ? . A . " *) A

" *) , ? A " .

:

)(022

2

aa I I a I a

I I I I I

Ad Ai Ad

Bh Bi Bd Bk

=++=

=++==

7)

# / ? :

23

21

23

21

34

2

32

jea

jea

j

j

==

+==

74

/ / 7) A ? @ 7 ? :

id

eA Ad k X X

U I j I

+== 332 7*

. :

id

ek X X

U I

+= 02 3 70

1.10. MOTORUL SINCRON

E A . . A / K

" ' . .

$ K . . L . / ?. $ L / L ! "

K " " ? 41 A .

@ A ? . ". A 2 .

< " 04 .A A


42/92

42. L / . . L . A

arb M M =

1.10.1.Ecuaþia de tensiuni çi diagrama fazorialá " 04 ! / .A

A ! . . " A ? . 2 @ !

N . ? / :euu Ri $= 48

' " ? " ? :

dt d

u e =$ 4 $ . / .A . :

% +++= aqad E 43 E ! $ / . $ ? (ad ! $ ? . $ " .(aq ! $ ? . $ .(

% ! $ ? ? ? .

.: Riuuuuu eeaqead eE += % 4)

" / $ I RU U U U U eeaqead eE += % 44

; ? . " . A . . /

? " 0* " 00, . . ? 0cos1 >= " mUI P

" 0< . eE U / U " "

. A . K K .$ K A A . . / K

0sin


43/92

4)

< " 0* ' " . < " 00 ' " . . . . .

1.10.2. Bilanþul puterilor active la motorul sincron " 01 ? ? . ? :

1 P ! . . . ? ( M P ! " . . (

< " 01 5 ? < " 06 # ? . ? A


44/92

44

2 P ! . . (vm p + ! A ? (

Fe P ! / / " (Cu P ! / / .A

Ecuaþia de miçcare ín regim staþionar5 ? :

Fevm M p p P P ++= +2 4*

# / ? A ? ? A / " ? :02 M M M += 40

Avantajele motorului sincron faþá de cel asincron! K . ! cos K.

K / ; / . .? (

! ? . " $ / ? $ K Dezavantajele motorului sincron faþá de cel asincron! .K " K K.

" . (! K A . A .K / K (

1.10.3. Pornirea motorului sincron, K A . .

" K . A .

A. Pornirea cu motor auxiliar A K

. $ A . K . / K "B. Pornirea cu frecvenþá reglabilá, .

A K. " . K . +? . -3!) F ? @ "

/ .A . min/)65(1 rot n =


45/92

4*' . / .A $ ? . A .

@ / A , K K K

K . K . KK .

E . A ? .

C. Pornirea ín asincron

2 . . . / .A . / colivie de pornire A. 2 @ / .A ? .

@ " / @ . /

? ? A @ " . " as M / A

@ ; " ? . 195,09,0 nn = / . K rez as M M =

. / .A $ ?

, L ". K K A s M . ?# . .

L $ ? A ? /?. > / L A K

. .+ A K /

/ K $ K 2 $ . K " . . " A . $ A & ,

/ . .? :a) Se scurtcircuiteazá ínfáçurarea de excitaþie, . / / .A $ ?

.A $ ? . @ " . .@ " / @ . A .2 / ?. ? :


46/92

46

nnn

nnn

p sf

p f

n ==== 11

11

122

6060 41

@ A ?. ? :12 nnnnd =+= 46

A . @ " d M

@ A ?. ? :)21()1(22 11112 snn snnnnnn i ==== 47

? @ A ? / .A . -8 *, ? . .

.

< " 1 : ! / .A $ ? . / ( ! / .A $ . .

' . s M . . / . 2 A 5 ?

$ ? . / ? A @ . ; " / 5 . 15,0 nn = ? / . ?

, ? . ?. . . ? . ; ". / 2 '

. $ ? b) Se lasá deschisá ínfáçurarea de excitaþie


47/92

41 / . . / / .A

. A $ . . "? % . . .

c) Se conecteazá ínfáçurarea de excitaþie pe o rezistenþá . / .A $ ? ?.

. ex s R R )108( = / .A $ ? i M " 1 A ? d M . A

# . / . A ? / 2 /

2 ? . /

1.10.4. Caracteristicile de funcþionare ale motorului sincron2 :

./

.01

=

=

=

=

...

)(cos,,,,, 2ct I

ct f

ct U

P f n M I P

E

" 6 *8

A / " 1)

< " 1) < " 14 )(cos 2 P f =")(,,, 2 P f I M n =6

A K $ ?


48/92


49/92

47> " " .

$ ? . / " A . ./ ? . .? /

E . . /

? A . / ?

. /a I . A ? / . . /r I .

/ I " 1* # . . . . . . A

' / . /r I . @ ? r I

. . . A //r I . A

. . .?

< " 1* # / . .? @ . . .

. ; / . .? !" ;

Observaþie. A " ? . ! ?


50/92

50

2. MA§INA DE CURENT CONTINUUE A . @ .

" @ $ ; AA . " . / ? / " @A . ? A . . ' .

/ . . $ ? . :! A $ ? . @ / .A $ ? . . .(! A $ ? ? @ / .A $ ?

. (! A $ ? @ / .A $ ?

. / (! A $ ? $ . @ .

/ .A . $ ? ? A .

2.1.1. Párþile componenete ale statorului# $. A . inductoare

@ " A .Carcasa . . $ . A

$ A . $ . ? ; + ; A ; "

/ A A ; " " < . @" / / / "

. A " ? A / ? . .

+ A A . A $ . . .

/ . ? " !3 * . ? " 8 * /

$ " A . . A

Polii principali $ . ? " !3 * A ? A / " $ ?

. A ?. ? ? .


51/92

*2 A ? / .A . $ ? A $ .

. A M A ? " @ " ? . /

. / Polii auxiliari / " / ? . ?

A ? " ? . ? / $ $ A

/ . .? ? A Infáçurárile de excitaþie A $ $ .

. " / ? . 5 . / ! / @ . ? . @

" + ? A .

@ A ? . " ; . / " înfáçurarea de compensaþie, .

/ . /

2.1.2. Párþile componenete ale rotorului> A A

Miezul feromagnetic A ? . B

? . . . . " 8 * . $ / /

" ' "

. " . cml 203 @ . . A .

. ? $ " " .

. . ? . ? Infáçurarea indusului . /. . "

. / .A . . "/ B / .A . . . . . .

. . / . / .A .


52/92

52

2 / .A . / . A A ínfáçurári de curent continuu. # ?

. / ? A .Colectorul A

A . ? . @ / @ A ?. @ " ".

/ .A . > / "

/ $ A / .A / A2.3.1.Tensiunea electromotoare indusá> ? l S .A

med esbie U N U = 3 3? . " 3 6

a K

N b 2= 3 33

A . S ! .med ec smed es U wU 2= 3 3)

i ? . .(

N – . " . S .A . (

3 – . . S ( sw ! . . (

med ecU ! S ! ' " ? " A .:

aimed med ec v L BU = 3 34med B ? " S S (

i L ! " . A (av – .

+ A ? :

60 Dn

va

= 3 3*


53/92

*)' ! (

! S J' . S ? (

p D2

= 3 30

.

602 n p

va

= 3 31, ? S .

= n K U ee 3 36

a pN

K e 60= 3 37

. . K A (med ii B L = 3 )8

$ A

2.3.2. Cuplul electromagnetic al maçinii de current continuu+ K / . A

" K L" A / .A :

== M I U P ae M 3 ) . @ S ? 3 36 A 3 37 :

ama

aae I K I

a pN

n

nI a

pN I U

M ==== 2

602

60 3 )3

a pN K m 2

= 3 )) . . K A

" K . $ A K K

" A a I


54/92

54

In concluzie " @A ? . " "

2.4. GENERATOARE DE CURENT CONTINUU9 A . K . generator L

A . A . .

2.4.1. Bilanþul de puteri çi ecuaþiile generatorului decurent continuu separata# . $ "

$ ? . ? @ S . ? " 3 30 . ? ? :

! = 11 M P puterea mecanicá . (

! UI P =2 puterea electricá . (! ae M I U M P == puterea electromagneticá,

! . S (! vm p + A K (! Fe p / / K A ; " A K. / .

. (! eexex I U p = / / .A $ (! 2aaCua I R p = / / .A

(! a R ? S .A . (! a pect I U p = / .A

Ecuaþia de miçcare' ? K

Fevm M p p P P ++= +1 3 )4

< " 3 30 5 ? "


55/92

** % . vm Fe p p p ++=0 . "

? S " S S . "001 = p P P M 3 )*

, S . ? ? ! " . ? ? A S " ? T

!:001 = M M M 3 )0

! 1 M ( ! " ( ! 0 M

Ecuaþia de tensiuni la generatorul de curent contiuu, ! " 3 30 . ?:

ct Cua M p p P P =2 3 )6 $ :

a peaaae I U I R I U UI = 2 3 )7' " $ ? . a I I =

. " S . ? ? ? ? :

peaae U I RU U = 3 48 . . . ! S aa I R

aae I RU U = 3 42.4.2. Curbele caracteristice ale generatorului cuexcitaþie separatáM " 3 31 . / "

$ K .

< " 3 31 # $ . " $ ? .


56/92

56

Caracteristica de funcþionare ín gol

/01

=

==

.0

)(0 ct n I

I f U e 3 4)

+ ? S " . 00 eU U = A 00 eU eemme I N U 2== )(0 e I f U = . . .

" . A)(0 mmU f = ' . A .

" 00 U 0=e I L

$ K $ K L ,c R K

. "" 3 36 + . .

$ K " .

. . M . . ". . . $ K A . . .

, . $ . remU $ rem A

' . " L . *! 3 N U , K K , . ." " . A + A . ; . , .

Caractersitica de sarciná . ?. :

/01

=

==

.

.)(

ct n

ct I I f U e 3 4*

# . $ " 3 31 / K . s R . $ K

c R . . -

< " 3 36 ? S "


57/92

*1 " . . . / -8 < . 3

. / " 3 ) A K . A " . . . " . - L 2 . " ( L . .

< " 3 ) . < " 3 )3 $ .

Caractersitica externá# A ? :

/01

=

==

.

.)(

ct n

ct I I f U e 3 40

A . / " 3 )3# . . A

. :! " ?

? S . (! . K a R

$ K A . N N I U , A A

$ K ' . A K . . / , "

3 )3 A . L . / " A 0U I K . " A K :

%1000 N

N

U

U U U

= 3 41

M )%105( =U


58/92

58

< " 3 )) $ < " 3 )4 " ;

M " 3 )) . " . $ " A

" , A " . L 2 . " ( L ct I e = .

.

Caracteristica de reglare# A ? :

/01

=

=

= ..

)( ct nct U

I f I e 3 46 " 3 )4 . " . S

" 3 )4 " . ' " " . A K . .

/ L L . D- M " . ! " ; N U U =

# . . A A $ K / L . . A . .

.

2.4.3. Curbele caracteristice ale generatorului cuexcitaþie derivaþieU $ K K /

" 3 )* M .A $ K . . . )%52( =e I . / .A .


59/92

*7" . / . A $ K

.

< " 3 )* # $ . " $ K K

Procesul de autoexcitaþie / . ." K / N A . " / / .A

eu . A / / .A A / .A $ A + . . / .A . / L $

/ .A $ K . / $ eu A . . A / .A $ K A

' K 3 47 L . / ea ii = K

dt

di L Li R R Ru eeaeece )()( ++++= 3 *8

M " 3 )0 . ")( ee I f U = 3 . $ K .

).()( eeec I f I R R R =++

, $ K . L . / , K 3 0=

dt

di e

# . . . eU A . . " K ec R R Rtg ++= A

L c R < K . L K , K , K. . ccr R


60/92

60

/ L 3 . K 3C . K / cr " $ . " ,

K K .( ccr c R R > 3VV

. $ K' . . .

$ K . S . ? :

! . $ L " S A . (

3! $ S .A $ ? . S (

)! ? . $ ? . . @

. ccr c R R < ' .

? S . ? @

" $ ? : # ? c R @ . S ? ccr c R R < ' . S ? S . . ? S .

. " . ? ! S A . S .A $ ? $ . .

' . A ? .S . . S A . @ "

@ . / .A $ K . . @

Observaþii:B 0U / " " . eU . K / .A . A

K ea I I = " ; (

< " 3 )0 $ . $ K


61/92

0 K , . " B " KA A K A . K L '

" K . . A " ; L c R

2 $ K A . / N / M " K K K "

K 3 47 A . .

ea

eec

aae

I I I

I R RU

I RU U

+=

+=

=

)(;

3 *

Caracteristica de funcþionare in gol

/01

=

==

.0

)(0 ct n I

I f U e 3 *3

M L

00 eU U =

/ " . . " $ ? . . S .$ " L K c R / ( ),0

Caracteristica externá

/01

=

==

..

)(ct n

ct R I f U c 3 *)

' $ . c R . N U

. N I

M " 3 )6 $ " $ K A . 3 # . . K . / . " K : L ". . " $ K . S :

< " 3 )1 ? S "


62/92

62

! $

+=

cee R R

U I A

$ A' . . K . s R

" A L . $ . cr I curentcritic . . L

L K . s R A . K .

/ ( A sc I .

. " . A . , K "

$ K . A .

N ae sc I RU I )2010(/ ÷== $ K . L ! $

A . eU

Caracteristica de sarciná

/01

=

==

.

.)(

ct n

ct I I f U e 3 *4

çi cracteristica de reglare

..

)(ct n

ct U I f I e

=

== 3 **

A . " $ K . K

Caracteristica de scurtcircuit . "K / L . A / .A $ K

. $ $ . A

2.4.5. Caracteristicile generatorului cu excitaþie mixtá# " $ $ . . / "

3 43 U . . / .A . $ K K $A $ ' . $ / .A . $ $ A

< " 3 )6 $ " $ K A

.


63/92

0)" excitaþie mixtá adiþionalá diferenþialá '" . / .A K / .A $ K .

/ .A . . .

< " 3 43 # $ . " $ K $ .

. / L caracteristica externá "$ + / " A . " KL " / .A $ M ./ .A A L A

. ! K "K

M " 3 4) ! $ .

" K ' . . A A N I . .

/ " / .A. . K

A . / L . . . 3 #

. " normal compundat ' . A / .A .

A . N I . . / " )

" supracompundat + K . / .A . ? S

. $ " A 4 " anticompundat

< " 3 4) $


64/92

64

, . . K " . . $

2.5. MOTOARE DE CURENT CONTINUU9 A . K . L A

. A . . + A . "

2.5.1. Bilanþul de puteri çi ecuaþiile motorului de curent continuu# . $ $ ? . " 3 4* . ? :! UI P =1 puterea electricá . ? (! = 22 M P puterea mecanicá . (! ae M I U M P == puterea electromagneticá,

! . S (! vm p + A K (! Fe p / / K A ; "

A K. / . . (! eexex I U p = / / .A $ ? (! 2aaCua I R p = / / .A

(! a R ? . S .A . (! a pect I U p =

! Ecuaþia de miçcare' ? K

Fevm M p p P P ++= +2 3 *6 % . vm Fe p p p ++=0 . "

? S " S S . 002 = p P P M 3 *7

< " 3 4* 5 ?


65/92

0*, S . ? ? ? ? A S "

? T !:002 = M M M 3 08

! 2 M (! " (! 0 M

" ? A :

dt d

J M M M

=02 3 0

Ecuaþia de tensiuni la motorul de curent contiuu, " 3 4* . ?:

ct Cua M p p P P ++=1 3 03a peaaae I U I R I U UI ++= 2 3 0)

' $ ? . a I I = S . ? peaae U I RU U ++= 3 04

aae I RU U += 3 0*

2.5.2. Caracteristicile motorului derivaþie

< " 3 40 # $ . ?

.A $ ? . . . N e I I )%52( ÷=

? ? S " ? :

ea

eec

aae

I I I

I R RU

I RU U

+=

+=

+=

)(;

3 01


66/92

66

Caracteristicile de funcþionare ale motorului derivaþie1) Caracteristica vitezei# A ? :

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

R

U U

P f n 0)( 2 3 06

aae I Rn K U += 3 072 . ? . . ? :

se

aa

ee

aa nn K

I R K

U K

I RU n === 0 3 18

0n ! ? S " .(=

e K U

n0 3 1

sn ! . ? ? S .(

=

e

aa s K

I Rn 3 13

2 @ ? 3 18 S @ " ; . ? .ct =

A . )( a I f n = .? . " .

. . ' ." ;. ?

$ ? a I P '2

? )( 2 P f n =

. ." . . S " 3 41+ ? . ? . .

. )%85( ÷= sn Observaþie# ? " .

. @ . . $

< " 3 41


67/92

01K A 2 P 3 2 / "/ L . K .

3 Caracteristica cuplului

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

R

U U

P f M 0)( 2 3 1)

# A L / ? A S " ? 20 M M M +=

A ? :2 M !

.(= 22

P M 3 14

0 M ! S . A (+

== + vm Fe p p p M 00 3 1*

' . ? S . .ct = @ ? . " 3 46 + A . .S @ ? 3

) Caracteristica curentului

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

R

U U

P f I 0)( 2 3 10

# A L / ? "am I K M = A ? ea I I I += # . . )( 2 P f I a = ? . . )( 2 P f I e =

. > " . . S " 3 47 ! ! . .ct = A 3! .

< " 3 46


68/92

68

< " 3 47 < " 3 *8

4 Caracteristica randamentului

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

R

U U

P f 0)( 26 3 11

, ? :

112 1 P p P P $

==6 3 16 p$ ! A .

E A A )%9475( ÷=6 . " 3 *8

Caracteristicile mecanice ale motorului derivaþie9 K. . . / K .

caracteristica mecanicá . :

./

.0

1

=

=

=

=

..

.

)(ct ct R

ct U

M f n s 3 17

, ? . ? / A =m

a K M

I

sme

a

e

nn K K

M R K

U n == 02 3 68


69/92

07

0n ! ? S " . . 3 1 ( sn ! . ? ? S .(

2=

me

a s

K K

M Rn 3 6

@ " ; . ?

.ct = . . )( M f n =. ? .

" . . .1) Caracteristica mecanicá naturalá

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

R

U U

M f n 0)( 3 63

+ ? . ? . . .

)%85( ÷= sn @ . . " . " 3 * !

. . / @ . ? @ .ct ' 1) Caracteristicile mecanice artificiale de tensiune

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

R

U ct U

M f n 0.

)( 3 6)

? ? :

sme

a

e

nn K K

M R K U

n == /02/

3 64

. . sn - . ? S " .=

e K U

n/

/0 3 6*

A . . . . # . . :

N U U > :

< " 3 * ..


70/92

70

! A S

? @ (! .

? . "

N U U < .

A

" 3 *3

2) Caracteristicile mecanice artificiale reostatice

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

ct R

U U

M f n 0.)( 3 60

, ? S ? :/

02)(

sme

sa

e

nn K K

M R R K

U n =

+= 3 61

? S " . 0n ! A . ?

2/ )( +

=

me

sa s

K K

M R Rn 3 66

2 A ? .

.

! s R A

. ." 3 *)

< " 3 *3

< " 3 *)


71/92

12) Caracteristicile mecanice artificiale de flux

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

ct

R

U U

M f n

.0)( 3 60

, $ ? . ? ://

02//)(

sme

sa

e

nn K K

M R R

K

U n =

+= 3 61

. . ! ? S " .

//0 =

e K U n 3 66

A . ?

2// =

me

a s

K K

M Rn 3 66

? A . ?

$ N < i

A . " 3 **

2.5.3. Caracteristicile motorului serie.A $ ? . . . ae I I =

. S S .A ' . .? A

? S " . . $ .

< " 3 *0 # $ .


72/92

72

? S " ? .:

ea

aae

I I I

I RU U ==

+= ;3 78

, ? 3 0* A @ S ? 3 36 ? ? ? :

==

e

aa

ee

aa

K I R

K U

K I RU

n 3 73

Caracteristicile mecanice ale motorului serie K . caracteristicilemecanice :

./

.01

=

=

=

=

..

.)(

ct

ct R

ct U

M f n s 3 70

+ A . 2am KI K M =

. K K

M I

ma

= ? 3 73 .

21 K R

M K

U K K

R

K K M

K K

U n a

e

a

me

== 3 71

, A . ct 7

a sm I K M = . sm

a K M

I = , S ?

2 sme

a

se K K M R

K U

n = 3 76

A . )( M f n = . ? 3 71 . . 3 76

1) Caracteristica mecanicá naturalá " 3 *7 ! . .

. ! ? . . . 9 . A elasticá (moale


73/92

1)

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

R

U U

M f n 0)( 3 77

+ K . " A A ! ". /K . A / K .

" ( . K A

. . K / "

3 ) Caracteristicile mecanice artificiale de tensiune

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

R

U ct U

M f n 0.

)( 3 88

? ? :

! ? 21

/

K R

M K

U n

a=

3 8

! ? 2/

sme

a

se k K M R

K U

n = 3 83

? . N U U < @

A . . A

$ / " 3 08

2) Caracteristicile mecanice artificiale reostatice

< " 3 *7 ..

< " 3 08


74/92

74

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

ct R

U U

M f n 0.)( 3 8)

, ? S ? :

! ? 21 K R R

M K

U n sa

+= 3 84

! ?

2)( sme

sa

se k K M R R

K U

n+

= 3 8*

" 3 0 . . ? s R

/ ? ?

3) Caracteristicile mecanice artificiale de flux

./

.01

=

=

=

=

N

s

N

ct

R

U U

M f n

.0)( 3 80

' $ . . A " A

/ .A . $ ? " ? / .

. ?. W N <

$ A / ? . / ? " 3 03

< " 3 0

< " 3 03 $


75/92

1*2.5.4. Caracteristicile motorului mixt

E $ ? $ . S" 3 0) < $ .

/ .A . ? $ A $ . / .A . . ; ? @

$ A . . A ? @ $ E ; ? . / . ?

A / . A . ? .

< " 3 0) # $ .

Caracteristicile mecanice ale motorului mixt

. , $ ? A / " 3 04 ! A :

! ? (

! 3 (

! ) $ ? ?

. . " . . .

/ .A (! 4

$ . . / .? @ ? ? / " (

! * $ ?

< " 3 04 $


76/92

76

# . . . / .A . $ K A A K .

. K . A $ " / .

2.6. PORNIREA MOTORULUI DE CURENT CONTINUU

, . / .. ( ? . . A . . " "M .

" A K / K A

2.6.1. Pornirea prin cuplare directá la reþea2 . . . .

L . 0HX ?

.

.

.

.

.

/

.

..

.

.

0

1

=

=

=

+=

=

++=

)(

);(

)(

e

am

r

eee E ex

ee

eaaaaa

i f

i K mdt d

J mm

i Ldt d

i Ru

n K u

ui Ldt d

i Ru

3 81

# / motorul derivaþie .M .U uu exa == .K ea L L , / .A . A/ .A . $ K . . K

# . . L ". regimul tranzitoriu mecanic K K A regim tranzitoriu electromagnetic

K K A $ ! regim tranzitoriu unic electromecanic. L 0, =< nmm r A K

dt di

Li RU aaaa += 3 86


77/92

11# K K . K $ K .

a

aa R

LT = . . a p RU I /max = 2

K A K . .

, r mm > . / K L L

K / K Y ( 0n A

0eu p I /

. . . =

M

r f K

M I " 3 0*

r mm = B K f n / " . 3 0*

=

e

f a f K

I RU n L A

A L p I / . . . max p I "

L ai L A $ ' $ K K

/ / .A $ K . . / L L " A

$ K A p

I A

+ motorul serie A . A $ A A

, . / K . N p I I )1510( = A / !

-8 83 0=r M pt - 8 !8 )

< " 3 0* A K / . K


78/92

78

M L / " p I L . p I A "

p M . 2 " ; / K

2.6.2. Pornirea reostaticá+ A .

/ . p R L . . . A . / K

M .A $ K . K c R A . K K. . " 3 01 M K $ $ . " A

A A# " ; . A . . - 8

A - 8 / .A

p p R

U I =max 3 34

p R

K . A ' . / @ . / . ( N p I I )7,15,1(max = A

N p I I )2,11,1(min =

; p

ea R

n K U I

= 3 3*

. K . p R " 3 06 A . . f I . .

< " 3 01 # . K


79/92

17

> K K. / . M " 3 01 K . /

iC L . . / 1C ?

1 R / L ? . 1 p R ai A K . max p I M .:

. K 1 p R L . min p I L . K / L

. . max p I # / K i R .

/ ), minmax p p I I K i R minmax, p p I I " . .:

! ? 3 0* . / 2max0 p pe I R K U += 3 30

. ? p R . :

max p p I

U R = 3 31! ? . 5

p R 1 p R

max11

min1

p pe

p pe

I Rn K U

I Rn K U

+=

+=

3 36

' ? . ?

p p

p p R I

I R

min

max1 = 3 37

2 @ ; . ? :

n p

n p

R R R R

R R R R R

+++=

++++=

......

32

321 3 )8

. . . . ?.:11 p p R R R = 3 )


80/92

80

Observaþie, ? ?

/ . . . ? . /

" 3 1

, . . . ; :! . .(! ? (! . ; :

! "

2.6.3. Pornirea cu tensiune redusá+ A A

. .

. A " . . A . /? @ . ; " . # / ? .

M .A $ K . K c R A . K K. . " 3 13 M

K $ $ . " A A A

< " 3 07 )( a I f n = . ? A


81/92

6

;/

a

ea R

n K U I

= 3 )6

< " 3 13 # . K

# . / @ N p I I )7,15,1(max =A N p I I )2,11,1(min =

? . . 1U . / . max p I # ?

? A A ?. . 1U L

. . . . . . / @ai A K . max p I M

# / @ . / ), minmax p p I I

iU minmax, p p I I " . .:! ? 3 0* . / 2

max1 0 pae I R K U += 3 )7 . . / (

! ? . 5 . 1U 2U

max12

min11

pae

pae

I Rn K U

I Rn K U

+=

+=

3 48

' ? . ?a p p R I I U U )( minmax12 += 3 4


82/92

82

, @ / " .

< " 3 1) )( a I f n = . . ?

Observaþie., ? /

. . . ? . /

, . . ; :! . . . A (! ; .(! " ' ; :! " .

2.7. REGLAJUL VITEZEI MOTOARELOR DECURENT CONTINUU

E " K " K=

e

aaa

K I RU

n 3 )8

A . : E aU ( 3 ? ( ) E $

A 2 .K " ; L.ct M r = . ! :


83/92

6) U " minmax / nn=8

3 ' " ;) " ;4 2

2.7.1. Reglajul vitezei prin variaþia tensiunii .

" . A ? . N U U <

< " 3 14 " ; ? : ? ( " .ct M r = / "

3 14 ? A / " 3 14 ? .

Indici tehnico- economici . . : U " 108/ minmax ÷== nn8

.?

3 ' " ; : ..) " ; : / ?

4 2 :! ? ; .

" . .(


84/92

84

! " ; . / @ " .

2.7.2. Reglajul vitezei prin metoda restaticá / ! ?. "

0> s R ? > ? . " ". .

. ?. . " # . . /

" ! " " ;

< " 3 1* " ; .: ? (

" .ct M r = / "3 1* ? A / " 3 1*

/ ? . Indici tehnico- economici :

U " 32/ minmax ÷== nn8 .

" 3 ' " ; : ..

) " ; : / . ? .

4 2 :! ? ; . ?

(


85/92

6*! " ; . / @ . "

2.7.3. Reglajul vitezei prin variaþia fluxului de excitaþie ? .

$ # / otorul derivaþie $ $ ? K e I ; @ c R :

ceee R R

U

I I f +==

)( 3 )7+ ? $ ! . . " A .

$ $ N < K

//02// s

me

a

e

nn K K

M R

K U

n == 3 48

. A K / " A A A . K ;/ sn . .

A / " 3 10

< " 3 10 " ; $ : ? (

B / . . $ ,ct M M r == A K


86/92

86

)am I K M = . .A . . M " 3 10! . . > . . ;

. K L ". L ct M r = La motorul serie @ " 9 "

? $ ? :

m

ee

m

e

R I w

R

2==

3 4

e ! ? $ ? (m R ! ? " . . $ (ew ! . / .A . $ ? (

e I ! $ ?2 @ . ? . . .

$ :! . / .A $ ?

. .

" (

! A / .A . $ ? " 3 11 . ". @ . $ ? ?

. A . @ N @ :

aed

d e I R R

R I

+= 3 43

Indici de relare . :

U " 32/

minmax ÷== nn8

A . . ? . $ . :! / . .K A K A

/ . / K (! . ? . @ " A .

. K . ?

. . . . (

< " 3 11 # ; A $ ?


87/92

613 ' " ;

) " ; ! / (

? ? c R d R 4 2 :

! ? ; . / $ ? (! " ; . "

2.8. FRÃNAREA MOTOARELOR DE CURENT CONTINUU# . @ :! @ .(! @ (! @ .

2.8.1. Frãnarea recuperativá9 A . " / "

@ . . @ . /

A / ? A ? A @ " .? ? . .

Frãnarea recuperativá la motorul derivaþie#. . $

. A

K . / 2 . .

" 3 16 @ . .

. / a M " ? . " .? A

/ ? A ? A

A ? . . @ !

.A ? / " . 0n

< " 3 16 L. ?


88/92

88

. ? / A . . A @ # ; " ? . / 5 " 3 16 @ .

? . / . . f a M M = ' . . . @ .

?. @ f R / 5C 2 . . L . ; /

K . L Cazul motorului serie' ? / " . .

. / @.

Frãnarea recuperativá la motorul mixt+ $ . .? / ? A

; ? $ . / .A . : sd += 3 11

@ A / " @ . . . 0


89/92

67! . / .A ? A . .(

! / ? @, ? @ K

" . L A A :

f a

e f R R

n K U I

+

+= 3 4)

> A . / " A K " L . " . Frãnarea contracurent la motorul derivaþie

" 3 17 . K 2

. .. K . /

5 . . @ 1 f R

"

A K L . A@ ? . @ .

# . . . .? A @

' . A @ . . @ @

; " . min f M A . ? @ ? .

2 f R A . A $ . max f M @ M . /A . K

. r M M > , K K . / 2 . . L L .

. A .

< " 3 17 @

?


90/92

90

Frãnarea contracurent la motorul serie+ . . / .A A

$ )( a s I f = " . A ? /

, A / " @ . / .

/ .A $ ? A ? @ / # ? ? @ / . .

. Frãnarea contracurent la motorul mixt+ $ ? / " @ .

. ; . $ ? @ $

. / .A " Bilanþul de puteri: A ? . A

. ! @ . M K.

K L . " . A . "M " . . A A

. / . . ' . ? @ / .A "

))3020( N f I I ÷= @ ? A / . / A ' K f R

. / L A " ; . . . . . / / $ A

2.8.3. Frânarea dinamicá, / .A . K A

. ?. @ / .A $ ? . @. /

A . K .

f a

e f R R

n K I

+= 3 47


91/92


92/92

92

! K @ . . cr f f R R < @ / A

. Frãnarea dinamicá la motorul mixt+ $ ? / " @ . .

. ; . $ ? @ $

. / .A " Bilanþul de puteri: / @

! @ . A A . ./ . A . A . . . . / . . ? @ # @ ; . . ?

, ? @ . A @ .

38 Convertoare Electromecanice II - Curs

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