NUR’AINUL SYAHIRAH BT IBERAHIN (168834)

SUPERVISOR: PROF. DR. SIDEK HJ. AB. AZIZ

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WOLLASTONITE PRODUCED BY USING LOCAL MATERIALS OF MUSSEL SHELLS

Introduction

Expected Results

Objectives

Literature Review

Main chemical composition consists of calcium, silicon, and oxygen. The molecular formula for wollastonite is CaSiO3 and its theoretical composition consists of 48.3 % CaO and 51.7% SiO2.

Natural wollastonite may contain trace or minor amounts of various metal ions such as aluminum, iron, magnesium, potassium, and sodium.

Wollastonite powders are synthesized by solid-state reaction in conventional furnace.

SLS(Soda lime silica) glass, most prevalent type of

glass

Consist of 70% silica (SiO2), 15% sodium oxide

(Na2O) and 9% calcium oxide (CaO)

100% recyclable and can be recycled a million

times over to produce bottles and jars of the same

high quality

Cheap protein source which is prepared as local meals

Most commonly found in saltwater and fresh water

Mineralogy of their exoskeletons consist of calcium

carbonates (CaCO3 )

Potential biomass resources for bone repair material

Decomposed to CaO by thermal decomposition

process

Wollastonite has good prospect as a raw material in the

ceramic industry. Its versatility and unique properties make

it a mineral that is ideally suited to many different type of

industrial application

High content of calcium carbonate in mussel can be

recycles and generates wollastonite by using heat

treatment

Therefore, a detailed investigation of the synthesis and

characteristics of wollastonite by using mussel shells and

SLS powder will be carried out

To identify the effect of using the waste material as base material to prepare Wollastonite

To distinguish the effect of different ratios of SLS and shell powders used on wollastonite produced.

To analyze the effect of different temperature used during the sintering process of wollastonite.

Title Of Articles Findings

Characteristic of Wollastonite

Synthesized from Local Raw

Materials by Majid Muhi Shukur

et al. (2014)

•Wollastonite has a combination

of properties, such as low

dielectric constant, low dielectric

loss, thermal stability, low

thermal expansion and low

thermal conductivity.

Crystallization of Synthetic

Wollastonite Prepared from

Local Raw Materials by

Mohammed Maitam Obeid et

al. (2014)

•Wollastonite is an extremely

interesting but little studied

materials which has a

combination of properties such

as lack of volatile constituent

and fluxing characteristic hence

is used in ceramic fabrication

and more

Title Of Articles Findings

Recycled wastes as precursor

for synthesizing wollastonite by

W.M.N Nour et. al (2006)

•The content of silica should be

increased over the

stoichiometric composition to

get wollastonite as a sole

phase from the waste materials

Microwave synthesis of

wollastonite powder from

eggshell by S. Vichapund et. al

(2011)

•The effect of the temperature

can be examine by heating at

different temp is using furnace

XRD analysis of the obtained

powder shows that wollastonite

started 800 ˚C

Title Of Articles Findings

Extraction and

Characterization of Chitin and

Chitosan from mussel shells by

Abdulwadud Abdulkarim et al.

(2013)

•The mussel shells was

discovered to contain a

mineral content of 51.62%

and a chitin composition was

found to be 21.32%

•Mussels produces an

incremental layer of its shell

composed mainly of calcium

carbonate and a small fraction

of organic substance.

Collecting raw materials

Wash and dry- heat for 2 hours (200˚C)

Plunged by using plunger

Grinded using mortar and pestle

Sieved using siever 63 micron

Preheat at 900˚C

1 2 3

6 5 4

Mix CaO with SiO2

Melt and quench

Pressed into pellet

Sintered at 700˚C, 900˚C and 1000˚C for 2 hours

Ready for measurement (XRD, XRF, FTIR, UVVIS, Density)

7 8 9

10 11

• Density Physical Properties

• XRD

• FTIR Phase

Transformation

• XRF Chemical Properties

FURTHER

ANALYSIS

• As the temperature increase, the density will also increase.

Density

• Generation of wollastonite crystal phase

• Identification & characterization of compound based on diffraction pattern

XRD

• Shows that the dominant elements in the sample are CaO and SiO2 XRF

• Structural bonding of wollastonite FTIR

Suzana Yusup, Mustakimah Mohamed, Saikat Maitra, 2012. Decomposition Study of Calcium Carbonate in Cockle Shell. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 7

Rashita Abd Rashid, 2014. Low temperature production of wollastonite from limestone and silica sand through solid-state reaction. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2, 77-81.

W.M.N Nour, A.A Mostafa, D.M. Ibrahim et al. 2006. Recycled Wastes as Precursor for Synthesizing Wollastonite.

Abdulkarim, A., Isa, M. T., Abdulsalam, S., Muhammad, A. J., & Ameh, A. O. (2013). Extraction and Characterisation of Chitin and Chitosan from Mussel Shell. Civil and Environmental Research. Retrieved from http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/CER/article/view/4237

Ding, L., Ning, W., Wang, Q., Shi, D., & Luo, L. (2015). Preparation and characterization of glass – ceramic foams from blast furnace slag and waste glass, 141, 327–329.

Ren, F., Wan, X., Ma, Z., & Su, J. (2009). Study on microstructure and thermodynamics of nacre in mussel shell. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 114(1), 367–370. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.09.036