Trăsăturile esenţiale ale infracţiunii.pdf

$: Trăsăturile esenţiale ale infracţiunii.pdf$
7/25/2019 Trăsăturile esenţiale ale infracţiunii.pdf

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Tr !s!turile esen"iale ale infrac"iunii

Infrac ! iunea este fapta prev "zut " de legea penal ", s"vâr #it " cu

vinov "! ie, nejustificat " #i imputabil " persoanei care a s"vâr #it-o.

Infrac ! iunea este singurul temei al r "spunderii penale.

Pentru existen! a infrac! iunii trebuie s" preexiste trei date ale realit"! ii,fiecare dintre ele constituind o premis" obligatorie, f "r " de care nu putemvorbi de existen! a faptei penale #i anume:

-a - s! existe o norm! juridic ! penal ! de incriminare, fiindc" în afara

existen! ei acesteia nu avem infrac! iune, norma respectiv" trebuind s" interzic", sub sanc! iune penal", o anumit" ac! iune sau omisiune;

-b -s!vâr "irea unei fapte certe, concrete, de natur " a se identifica cufapta avut" în vedere de legiuitor atunci când a elaborat norma respectiv" de incriminare;

-c -tr !s!turile faptei s!vâr "ite s! corespund ! întocmai cu cele

prev !zute de lege în vederea caracteriz"rii faptei incriminate. Existen! a acestor premise ajut" la stabilirea cert" a unei fapte

concrete #i dac" acea fapt" se încadreaz" în textul de lege ca infrac! iune.

Vinov!"ia este una din cele trei tr "s"turi esen! iale ale infrac! iunii-potrivit art.15 (1) N.C. pen. - al"turi de prevederea faptei în legea penal" #i

de caracterul nejustificat #i imputabil persoanei care a s"vâr #it-o. Aceast" tr "s"tur " esen! ial" a infrac! iunii prive#te aspectul subiectiv al

faptei penale, nefiind posibil" existen! a infrac! iunii f "r " vinov"! ie, carepoate fi întâlnit" în modalit"! ile variate descrise în cuprinsul art.16 din noul

Cod penal.Vinov "! ia exprim" atitudinea psihic " periculoas" a individului

atunci când comite o infrac ! iune #i cuprinde doi factori, unul decon#tiin!" #i unul de voin!". De fapt, infrac ! iunea #i urm"rile ei suntconcepute, meditate #i orientate de con#tiin!".

Dac" o fapt" nu este comis" cu vinov"! ie, atunci ea nu poate fire! inut" ca fiind s"vâr #it" în sarcina celui c"ruia se imput" comitereainfrac! iunii.

Art.16 N.C. pen. stabile#te c " exist " vinov "! ie doar atunci când

fapta a fost comis" cu inten! ie sau din culp".



#

Potrivit dispozi"iilor mai sus precizate (punctul 1 al art.19. C.pen.), aceste forme de vinov!"ie (inten"ia, inten"ia dep!#it! #i culpa)trebuie s! înso"easc! s!vâr #irea faptei. În acest sens vom avea faptepenale s!vâr #ite cu inten"ie, fapte penale s!vâr #ite din culp! #i fapte

penale s!vâr #ite cu inten"ie dep!#it!.

Vinov"! ia f "ptuitorului, cu formele ei – inten! ie, inten! ie dep"#it" #iculp" – vizeaz" fapta în întregul ei (ac! iune sau inac! iune #i urm"ri) #i sestabile#te prin raportarea manifest"rii de con#tiin!" la urm"rile ac! iunii sauinac! iunii.

Caracterul nejustificat #i imputabil al faptei prev "zute de legea penal " constituie ultima tr "s"tur " general " a infrac ! iunii prev "zut " deart.15 alin(1) din noul Cod penal, al "turi de prevederea faptei de legea

penal " #i vinov "! ie.2 A#adar, pentru existen! a infrac! iunii este necesar c", al"turi de

celelalte dou" tr "s"turi esen! iale, fapta s" prezinte un caracter nejustificat#i imputabil, care eviden! iaz" c" aceasta nu este permis" de ordinea

juridic". Este posibil ca o fapt", de#i este prev"zut" de legea penal", s" nufie #i ilegal", fiindc", s"vâr #irea ei este permis" de o norm" legal", ca deexemplu uciderea unei persoane în legitim" ap"rare.Pentru ca fapta s"-i poat" fi imputat" f "ptuitorului trebuie îndepliniteurm"toarele condi! ii:

- f "ptuitorul s" fi avut reprezentarea ac! iunilor sau inac! iunilor sale #i

s" poat" fi st"pân pe ele, adic" s" nu fie iresponsabil sau minor;- f "ptuitorul s" fi avut posibilitatea s" ac! ioneze în conformitate cu

cerin! ele legale, adic" s" nu fi fost constrâns la comiterea faptei prev"zutede legea penal";

- f "ptuitorul s" fi avut reprezentarea caracterului ilicit al faptei #i s" nuse fi aflat în eroare.



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Tentativa

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Trăsăturile esenţiale ale infracţiunii.pdf

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