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AGENDA PENTRU UN TURISMEUROPEAN DURABIL I COMPETITIV

Preparator univ.drd . Florin FRANTUniversitatea Eftimie Murgu Re i a

Facultatea de tiin e Economice i Administrative

Rezumat Turismul reprezint ntr-adevr una dintre

activit ile economice cu cel mai semnificativ poten ial pentru a genera cre tere i locuri de munc n UE. naccep iune restrns , turismul contribuie n prezent cuaproximativ 4% la BIP-ul UE, variind ntre 2% ntr-o seriede noi state membre i 12% n Malta. Contribu ia indirect a turismului la PIB este mult mai mare, acesta genernd indirect mai mult de 10% din PIB-ul UE i asigurnd aproximativ 12% din locurile de munc .

Cuvinte cheie: competitiv, durabil, potential,turism.

Clasificare JEL: O20, Q01

1. INTRODUCERE

Turismul are o importan deosebit n ceea ce privete oferta de locuri de munc destinate tinerilor, caresunt de dou ori mai numeroi n sectorul turismului dectn restul economiei. n ultimii ani, creterea ocuprii for ei

de munc n sectorul turismului a fost mult mai mare dectn restul economiei, turismul aducndu-i n modsemnificativ contribuia la obiectivul de la Lisabona de acrea locuri de munc mai numeroase i mai bune.Importana turismului n cadrul economiei comunitare ar trebui s continue s creasc, ateptndu-se n urmtorii anio cretere anual a cererii n materie de turism de peste 3%.

A gsi echilibrul adecvat ntre dezvoltarea autonom a destinaiilor i protejarea mediului n care se gsescacestea, pe de o parte,i dezvoltarea unei activitieconomice competitive, pe de alt parte, poate constitui o provocare. Cu toate acestea, activitatea Grupului pentru unturism durabil a confirmat faptul c turismul poate, maimult dect oricare alt activitate economic, dezvoltasinergii n strns interaciune cu mediuli societatea.Aceasta este cu putin datorit faptului c dezvoltareadestinaiilor turistice este strns legat de mediul natural alacestora, de caracteristicile culturale, interaciunea social,securitatea i bunstarea populaiilor locale. Acestecaracteristici fac din turism motorul principal al conservriii dezvoltrii destinaiilor - n mod direct, prinsensibilizarea cu privire le acesteai prin ajutorul pentruvenit i, n mod indirect, prin oferirea unei justificrieconomice pentru furnizarea de sprijin din alte surse.

Tendinele globale i prioritile se schimb: mai

AGENDA FOR A SUSTAINABLE ANDCOMPETITIVE EUROPEAN TOURISM

Teaching Assistant Florin FRANT Eftimie Murgu University Resita

Faculty of Economics and Administration

Abstract Tourism is indeed one of the economic activities

with most significant potential to generate future growthand employment in the EU. In its narrow definition,tourism currently contributes some 4% to EU GDP,varying from about 2% in several new Member Statesand 12% in Malta. Its indirect contribution to GDP creation is much higher - tourism indirectly generatesmore than 10% of EU GDP and provides about 12% of all jobs.

Key words: competitive, potential, sustainable,tourism.

JEL classification: O20, Q01

1. INTRODUCTION

Tourism is particularly important when it comesto offering job opportunities to young people, whorepresent twice as much of the labor force in tourismthan in the rest of the economy. Employment growth inthe tourism sector has been significantly higher than inthe rest of the economy in recent years, making thesector a significant contributor to the Lisbon objective tocreate more and better jobs. The importance of tourismin the EU economy is likely to continue to increase inthe coming years with the expected annual growth of tourism demand slightly above 3% in the coming years.

Finding the right balance between an autonomousdevelopment of the destinations and the protection of their environment on the one side and the developmentof a competitive economic activity on the other side may be challenging. The work of the Tourism SustainabilityGroup however confirmed that more than any other

economic activity tourism can develop synergies in closeinteraction with environment and society. That is because the development of tourist destinations isclosely linked to their natural environment, culturaldistinctiveness, social interaction, security and wellbeingof local populations. These characteristics make tourismthe driving force for the conservation and developmentof the destinations directly through raising awarenessand income support to them, and indirectly by providingan economic justification for the provision of suchsupport by others.

Global trends and priorities change more thanever the overarching challenge for the tourism sector is

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mult ca oricnd, marea provocare pentru sectorul turismuluieste de a fi n continuare competitiv, dar i durabil,recunoscnd faptul c, pe termen lung, competitivitateadepinde de durabilitate. n mod special, schimbrileclimatice constituie n prezent un aspect fundamental careimpune, de asemenea, industriei turismului s i reduc

contribuia la emisiile de gaze cu efect de ser , iar destinaiilor s se adapteze la cererei la tipurile de turism pe care le ofer .

Pe viitor, turismul european se va axa pe calitateaexperienei turitilor acetia vor realiza c destinaiile careacord o atenie sporit mediului, angajailor icomunitilor locale sunt cele care, foarte probabil, vor manifesta mai mult grij pentru turiti. Integrnd aspectele privind durabilitatea n cadrul activitii lor, pr ileinteresate din domeniul turismului vor proteja avantajeleconcureniale care fac din Europa cea mai atractiv destinaie turistic din lume vor proteja diversitatea saintrinsec, precumi varietatea peisajelor i a culturilor. De

asemenea, abordnd preocuprile privind dezvoltareadurabil ntr-o manier responsabil din punct de vederesocial, industria turismului va putea oferi produsei serviciiinovatoare, de o calitatei valoare sporit.

Agenda pentru un turism european durabil icompetitiv expus n prezenta lucrare reprezint ndeplinirea unui angajament pe termen lung al ComisieiEuropene, angajament sprijinit n continuare de ctrecelelalte instituii europene. Aceasta se bazeaz pe raportulGrupului pentru un turism durabili pe rezultateleconsultrii publice ulterioare. Agenda reprezint o nou contribuie la punerea n aplicare a Strategiei de la Lisabonarevizuite pentru cretere i locuri de munc i a Strategiei

revizuite de dezvoltare durabil. 2. AGENDA PENTRU UN TURISMEUROPEAN DURABIL I COMPETITIV

Pentru a stabili un echilibru adecvat ntre bunstareaturitilor, nevoile mediului naturali ale mediului cultural, precumi dezvoltareai competitivitatea destinaiilor i antreprinderilor, este necesar o abordare politic integrat i global, n cadrul creia toate pr ile interesate s mprteasc aceleai obiective.

2.1. Obiective privind durabilitatea turismuluieuropean i provoc ri care urmeaz a fi abordate

Cadrul comunitar existent pentru dezvoltarea politicilor economice, socialei de mediu, bazat peParteneriatul pentru cretere i locuri de munc, precumi pe Strategia de dezvoltare durabil, constituie contextuladecvat pentru realizarea obiectivelor prezentei agende: prosperitate economic, egalitate i coeziune social, protecie a mediului naturali a culturii.

Aceste obiective ar trebui, de asemenea, s ghideze pr ile interesate din cadrul turismului european n politicilei aciunile lor care influeneaz impactul turismului emitor european i n sprijinirea turismului ca instrument al

to remain competitive while also embracingsustainability recognising that, in the long term,competitiveness depends on sustainability. In particular,climate change is now seen as a fundamental issue alsorequiring the tourism industry to reduce its contributionto greenhouse gas emissions and the destinations to

adapt to changes in the pattern of demand and in thetypes of tourism they offer.The future of European tourism relies on the

quality of the tourist experience tourists will recognizethat places that care for the environment, their employees and local communities are also more likely tocare for them. By integrating sustainability concerns intotheir activities, tourism stakeholders will thus protect thecompetitive advantages that make Europe the mostattractive tourist destination in the world its intrinsicdiversity, its variety of landscapes and cultures. Inaddition, addressing sustainability concerns in a sociallyresponsible manner will help the tourism industry to

invent its products and services and increase their qualityand value.The Agenda for a sustainable and competitive

European tourism presented in this Communicationtherefore fulfils a long-term commitment taken by theEuropean Commission and further supported by theother European institutions. It builds on the TourismSustainability Group report and on the results of theensuing public consultation exercise. The agendarepresents a further contribution to the implementationof the renewed Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs andof the renewed Sustainable Development Strategy.

2. THE AGENDA FOR A SUSTAINABLEAND COMPETITIVE EUROPEAN TOURISM

Creating the right balance between the welfare of tourists, the needs of the natural and culturalenvironment and the development and competitivenessof destinations and businesses requires an integrated andholistic policy approach where all stakeholders share thesame objectives.

2.1. The objectives for the sustainability of European tourism and the challenges to be tackled

The existing EU framework for the developmentof economic, social and environmental policies based onthe Partnership for Growth and Jobs and on theSustainable Development Strategy provides an adequate background for achieving the objectives of this"agenda": deliver economic prosperity, social equity andcohesion and environmental and cultural protection.

These objectives should also guide Europeantourism stakeholders in their policies and actionsaffecting the impact of outbound tourism from Europeand in supporting tourism as a tool for the sustainable

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dezvoltrii durabile nrile gazd.n vederea atingerii acestor obiective, trebuie

abordate o serie de provocri specifice sectoruluiturismului. Acestea includ n principal conservareaigestionarea durabil a resurselor naturalei culturale,reducerea la minimum a utilizrii resurselor i a polurii n

cadrul destinaiilor turistice, inclusiv producerea de deeuri,gestionarea schimbrii n interesul bunstrii comunitii,reducerea caracterului sezonier al cererii, studiereaimpactului asupra mediului pe care l are transportul localimplicat n turism, crearea unui turism accesibil tuturor f r discriminarei mbuntirea calitii locurilor de munc din sectorul turismului, abordnd, de asemenea, n cadrul politicii Comisiei privind migraia, problema angajrii unor resortisani din ri ter e a cror edere este ilegal.Garantarea siguranei i securitii turitilor i acomunitilor locale din zonele turistice reprezint o alt provocare i, de asemenea, o condiie esenial pentrudezvoltarea cu succes a turismului.

Aceste prioriti pot varia n spaiu sau n timp.Prioritatea care li se va acorda, modalitatea n care vor fiabordate, precumi ansele pe care le pot oferi variaz de lacaz la caz. Pr ile interesate trebuie s continue s anticipezei s monitorizeze schimbrile.

Politicilei aciunile trebuie s in seama de moduln care cerereai oferta vor fi afectate de provocrile nmaterie de mediu - cum ar fi schimbrile climaticeideficitul de ap -, de dezvoltrile tehnologice sau de alteaspecte politice, economicei sociale de actualitate. Prinurmare, ansamblul provocrilor va fi actualizat n mod periodic, n colaborare cu toate pr ile interesate.

2.2 Cadru de ac iune ndeplinirea obiectivelor prezentei agendei

abordarea provocrilor menionate anterior vor necesita oaciune coerent care poate fi sprijinit de politici publiceadecvate: gestionarea durabil a destinaiilor, integrarea preocuprilor n materie de durabilitate n cadrul mediuluide afaceri i sensibilizarea turitilor cu privire ladurabilitate.

Gestionarea durabil a destinaiilor este esenial pentru dezvoltarea turismului, n special prin planificareautilizrii eficiente a spaiului i a terenului, precumi princontrolul dezvoltrii i prin deciziile de a investi ninfrastructur i servicii.Garantnd faptul c noua dezvoltare a turismuluieste, ca scar i tip, adecvat nevoilor comunitii localeimediului natural, gestionarea durabil poate consolida petermen lung performanele economice i poziiaconcurenial a unei destinaii. Aceasta necesit un cadru desprijin care s implice toate pr ile interesate de la nivelregional i local, precumi o structur eficient care s faciliteze parteneriatuli conducerea eficace.

O cerin de baz pentru ntreprinderi este de ar mne competitive. Aciunile ntreprinse n acest scop ar trebui considerate ca parte a procesului de creare a unui

development of the host countries.When pursuing these objectives, a number of

challenges proper to the tourism sector will have to beaddressed. These mainly include sustainableconservation and management of natural and culturalresources, minimizing resource use and pollution at

tourism destinations including the production of waste,managing change in the interests of the well being of thecommunity, reducing the seasonality of demand,addressing the environmental impact of transport linkedto tourism, making tourism experiences available to allwithout discrimination, and improving the quality of tourism jobs also by addressing the issue of employment of illegally staying third country nationalsin the framework of the Commission migration policy.Ensuring that tourists as well as the local communitieswhere tourism services are offered are safe and secure isa further challenge and also a basic condition for asuccessful development of tourism.

These priorities may vary in space or in time. The priority that will be given to them, the way they will betackled and the arising opportunities that can be seizedmay vary from place to place. Stakeholders mustcontinue anticipating and keeping abreast of changes.

Policies and actions need to take into accounthow demand and supply will be affected byenvironmental challenges such as climate change andwater scarcity , technology developments or other topical political, economic and social issues. Therefore, aregular update of the set of challenges will be done withthe collaboration of all stakeholders.

2.2. A framework for action

Achieving the objectives of this agenda andtackling the above mentioned challenges will require acoherent action which can be supported by appropriate public policies: sustainable management of destinations,integration of sustainability concerns by businesses andsustainability awareness by tourists.

Sustainable destination management is criticalfor tourism development, especially through effectivespatial and land use planning and development controland through investment decisions on infrastructure andservices.

In ensuring that new tourism development is of ascale and type in keeping with the needs of the localcommunity and environment, a sustainable managementcan reinforce the economic performance and competitive positioning of a destination in the long-term. It requires asupportive framework with the involvement of allregional and local stakeholders and an efficient structurewithin which partnership and effective leadership arefacilitated.

A primary requirement of businesses is to remaincompetitive. Actions taken in support of this should beseen as part of the process of delivering sustainability

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caracter durabil, ceea ce reprezint unul dintre cele maiimportante avantaje concureniale. Prin urmare, pentru a-iasigura competitivitatea, viabilitateai prosperitatea petermen lung, ntreprinderile ar trebui s pun mai multaccent pe integrarea deplin a preocuprilor privinddurabilitatea n cadrul procesului decizionali n cadrul

practicilor i instrumentelor de gestiune ale acestora. Un rolimportant n acest proces l au serviciilei asociaiile desprijinire a ntreprinderilor.

n cele din urm, pentru a nregistra un progresvizibil, cererea, att din partea pieei activitilor recreative,ct i a ntreprinderilor, ar trebui s trimit semnale mai puternice i mai coerente. Este necesar sensibilizareaturitilor pentru a-i putea dezvoltai consolida capacitateade a face alegeri n favoarea dezvoltrii durabile.Sensibilizarea cu privire la durabilitatei etic poate facilitaapariia unor atitudinii practici individuale responsabiledin partea turitilor. nelegerea crescnd a consumatorilor n ceea ce privete durabilitatea ar putea influena

ntreprinderile s manifeste interes n aceast direcie i s acioneze n consecin.

2.3. Principii de urmat pentru realizarea unuiturism competitiv i durabil

Pentru a atinge obiectivul unui turism competitividurabil, Comisia invit toi actorii s respecte urmtoarele principii:

O abordare global i integrat - n planificareai dezvoltarea turismului, ar trebui s se in seama de totalitatea impacturilor pe care acesta le are. Deasemenea, turismul trebuie s fie bine echilibrati integrat

n cadrul activitilor care au un impact asupra societii imediului. Planificarea pe termen lung - Dezvoltarea

durabil se refer la protejarea nevoilor generaiilor viitoare, precumi ale prezentei generaii. Planificarea petermen lung necesit abilitatea de a susine aciuni de-alungul timpului.

Gsirea unui ritm adecvat pentru dezvoltare - Nivelul, ritmuli forma dezvoltrii ar trebui s reflectei s respecte caracterul, resurselei nevoile comunitilor gazd i ale destinaiilor.

Implicarea tuturor p r ilor interesate - Oabordare durabil necesit participarea ampl i angajat n procesul de luare a deciziilor i de punere n aplicare din partea tuturor pr ilor vizate de rezultate.

Utilizarea celor mai bune cuno tin edisponibile - Politicilei aciunile ar trebui s fie elaborate pe baza celor mai bunei recente cunotine disponibile. nntreaga Europ, ar trebui mprtite informaiile privindtendinele i efectele turismului, precumi competenele iexperienele.

Reducerea i gestionarea riscurilor (principiul precauiei) - n cazul n care exist incertitudini cu privire larezultate, ar trebui realizat o evaluare complet i luatemsuri de prevenire pentru a evita producerea de efecte

which is set to represent one of the most importantcompetitive advantages. In order to ensure their longterm competitiveness, viability and prosperity, businesses should therefore better than before integratesustainability concerns fully into their decision makingand management practices and tools. In this process,

business support services and associations have a major role to play.Finally, in order to achieve a tangible progress,

the demand side of both the leisure and the businessmarket should show stronger and more consistentsignals. Tourists need to be addressed in order to developand strengthen their critical capacity to make choices infavor of sustainable development. Sustainabilityawareness and ethics can facilitate the creation of responsible individual attitudes and practices of tourists.The growing understanding of sustainability of consumers might vice versa influence businesses todemonstrate this concern and act accordingly.

2.3. Principles for achieving a competitiveand sustainable tourism

To achieve a competitive and sustainable tourismthe Commission invites all actors to respect thefollowing principles:

Take a holistic and integrated approach -All the various impacts of tourism should be taken intoaccount in its planning and development. Furthermore,tourism should be well balanced and integrated with a

whole range of activities that affect society and theenvironment. Plan for the long term - Sustainable

development is about taking care of the needs of futuregenerations as well as our own. Long term planningrequires the ability to sustain actions over time.

Achieve an appropriate pace and rhythm of development - The level, pace and shape of development should reflect and respect the character,resources and needs of host communities anddestinations.

Involve all stakeholders - A sustainableapproach requires widespread and committed participation in decision making and practicalimplementation by all those implicated in the outcome.

Use best available knowledge - Policies andactions should be informed by the latest and bestknowledge available. Information on tourism trends andimpacts, and skills and experience, should be sharedacross Europe.

Minimize and manage risk (the precautionary principle) - Where there is uncertaintyabout outcomes, there should be full evaluation and preventative action should be taken to avoid damage tothe environment or society.

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solicitate s accepte responsabilitile respectivei suntinvitate s profite de posibilitile pe care le ofer durabilitatea n calitate de potenial motor pentru inovareicretere. Pr ile interesate ar trebui s-i mprteasc cunotinele comunicnd rezultatele pozitivei negativeobinute, n vederea consolidrii legturii dintre obinereai

difuzarea cunotinelor i punerea n aplicare a practicilor durabilei competitive. n acest scop, pr ile interesate ar trebui s stabileasc o cooperare structurat i periodic lanivelurile la care activeaz cel mai mult fie la niveluldestinaiilor, fie la nivel regional, naional, european sauinternaional i s discute cu privire la durabilitate ncadrul acestor structuri de cooperare. Un exemplu al acestuitip de cooperare l reprezint dialogul social dintreangajatorii angajai i organizaiile care i reprezint.

ntreprinderile micii microntreprinderile joac unrol fundamental n turismul european, ns risc, datorit dimensiunii lor, s fie mai puin pregtite s integrezeaspecte privind dezvoltarea durabil i s le lanseze pe pia

ca parte integrant a activitii lor. Prin urmare, se solicit intermediarilor relevani s transmit mesajele eseniale ale prezentei Agende ctre ntreprinderile mici imicrontreprinderii s faciliteze contribuia acestora la punerea n aplicare a Agendei.

3.2. Rolul Comisiei Europene

Comisia i recunoate responsabilitatea de a acionai va pune n aplicare iniiative la scar european n cadrulunei abordri progresive, prin furnizarea unei valoriadugate la nivel european ctre pr ile interesate dinsectorul turismului, n acelai timp respectnd pe deplin

repartiia competenelor, astfel cum este prevzut nTratat. Prezenta Agend va orienta activitile viitoare aleComisiei n domeniul turismuluii n toate celelaltedomenii de aciune care au impact asupra turismuluiicaracterului su durabil. n acest scop, Comisia se bazeaz pe Grupul pentru un turism durabil.

3.2.1. Mobilizarea actorilor pentru a ob ine i mp rt i cuno tin e

Comisia European are ca obiectiv mbuntireavizibilitii i a recunoaterii bunelor practici de ctrecetenii europeni i societate, precum i stimulareacunoaterii i nelegerii practicilor care asociaz n modsinergic durabilitateai competitivitatea.

Comisia organizeaz deja conferine i ntreprindestudii de cercetare pentru a spori gradul de contientizare cu privire la anumite provocri, cum ar fi facilitarea deplasriitinerilor, a persoanelor n vrst i a celor cu nevoi speciale prin intermediul unor iniiative cu caracter socialiaccesibile din domeniul turismului, precumi cu privire lametodele de lucru care ar putea fi aplicate la nivel localiregional (de exemplu, un studiu privind impactul marilor evenimente culturalei sportive asupra IMM-urilor axate pe turism). n special, manualul privind spaiul de

respective responsibilities and are invited to embrace theopportunities that the sustainability challenge offers as a potential engine for innovation and growth.

The stakeholders should share their knowledge bycommunicating the positive and negative results theyachieve on the way, in order to build a stronger bridge

between the creation of knowledge, its dissemination andthe implementation of sustainable and competitive practices. To that end, they should build a structured andregular cooperation at the levels where they mostlyoperate be it the destination, regional, national,European or international one and bring sustainabilityinto discussion in these cooperation structures. Anexample of such cooperation is the social dialogue between employers and employees and their representative organizations.

Small and micro businesses play an indispensablerole in European tourism, but their size could make themless well equipped to integrate sustainable development

aspects and market them as part of their business.Therefore the relevant intermediaries are called toconvey the core messages of this Agenda to them and tofacilitate their contribution to its implementation.

3.2. The role of the European Commission

The Commission recognizes its responsibilitiesfor action and will implement initiatives at Europeanlevel with a step-by-step approach, providing tourismstakeholders with added value at European level, whilefully respecting the division of competencies as laid

down in the Treaty. This Agenda will guide theCommission future activities in the tourism domain andin all other policy areas which exert an impact ontourism and on its sustainability.

3.2.1. Mobilizing actors to produce and shareknowledge

The European Commission will aim at achievinga better visibility and recognition of good practices bythe EU citizens and society and at strengthening theknowledge and understanding of practices that link sustainability and competitiveness in a mutuallyreinforcing way.

The Commission is already organizingconferences and undertaking research studies in order toraise awareness on challenges such as facilitating travelfor youths, seniors and persons with special needsthrough social and accessible tourism initiatives and onthe working methods which could be applied at local andregional level (e.g. a study on the impact of major cultural and sporting events on tourism oriented SMEs).In particular, the tourism learning area handbook is a

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profesionalizare n turism reprezint o iniiativ practic menit s sprijine implicarea instituiilor bazate pecunoatere n cadrul unei abordri construite pe consenscare vizeaz mbuntirea prestrii IMM-urilor i a potenialului uman din sectorul turismului la niveluldestinaiilor.

Comisia va continua s atrag atenia actorilor creatori de cunoatere (de exemplu, universiti, institute decercetare, observatori publicii privai) asupra provocrilor durabilitii turismului european. Aceasta va facilitacooperarea actorilor i va incuraja educaia formal i non-formal n domeniul turismului. Va ncuraja mobilitatea nntreaga Europ prin sprijinirea formrii i angajriitransnaionale, a schimburilor i dezvoltrii de metode,materiale i coninuturi de formare, inclusiv integrarea principiilor durabilitii n cadrul programelor de formare.

Angajamentul la nivel locali regional va fi sprijinit prin intermediul stabilirii de aliane ntre diverse tipuri dedestinaii (de exemplu, destinaii rurale, de coast, de

munte, urbane) dedicate gestionrii durabile instituite de precursori i deschise participrii tuturor celorlalte pr iinteresate. Comisia European va sprijini consolidarea saucrearea de platforme utiliznd, de asemenea, noiletehnologii care vor permite schimbul de nv minte nurma bunelor sau relelor practici, precumi mbuntireacolabor rii dintre sectorul turismuluii alte sectoareconexe.

ncurajarea schimbului de bune practici n materiede gestionare durabil a destinaiilor (de exemplu,abordarea problemei caracterului sezonier i a prelungiriisezonului turistic) poate contribui n mod semnificativ lacompetitivitatea destinaiilor turistice. Aceste platforme ar

putea permite o abordare mai specific care s reflectecaracteristicile teritorialei economice ale destinaiilor.Forumul european anual privind turismul ofer , de

asemenea, o platform pentru schimbul de opiniiiconsolidarea colabor rii dintre toate pr ile interesate nceea ce privete aspectele legate de relaionarea durabilitiii a competitivitii turismului european.

Pentru a consolida colaborarea cui dintre statelemembre, rapoartele anuale trimise de acestea Comitetuluiconsultativ pentru turism vor fi utilizate pentru a facilitaschimbuli difuzarea de informaii privind, de asemenea,modul n care politicilei aciunile lor protejeaz durabilitatea turismului.

Nevoia de a cunoate mai binei mai rapid evoluiaturismului n Europa poate fi satisf cut, pe de o parte, princulegereai furnizarea de date statisticei geografice, iar, pe de alt parte, prin activitatea observatorilor existeni saua unor noi observatori. Astfel de informaii ar putea facilitamonitorizarea provocrilor eseniale, n special a celor importante pentru IMM-uri n relaie cu angajarea for ei demunc i caracterul sezonier.

practical initiative that advocates the involvement of knowledge-based institutions within the framework of aconsensus building approach aimed at improving SME performance and human potential in the tourism sector atdestination level.

The Commission will further seek to drive the

attention of those actors who create knowledge (e.g.universities, research institutes, public and privateobservatories) towards the challenges for thesustainability of European tourism. It will facilitate their cooperation and promote the provision of formal andnon-formal tourism education. It will encourage mobilityacross Europe through the support of transnationaltraining and work placement, of exchanges and thedevelopment of training methods, materials and contents,including the integration of sustainability principles intraining programs.

Local and regional levels engagement will besupported through alliances between different types of

destinations (e.g. rural, coastal, mountain, urban)committed towards sustainable destination managementset up by the forerunners and opened to the participationof all other interested parties. The European Commissionwill support the strengthening or the creation of platforms by also using new technologies wherelessons drawn by good and bad practices can beexchanged and where collaboration between tourism andother related sectors can be improved.

The promotion of best practices exchangetowards sustainable destination management (e.g.addressing the issue of seasonality and the prolongationof the tourism season) can contribute in a significant way

to the competitiveness of the tourist destinations. These platforms could allow a more specific approachreflecting the territorial and economic characteristics of destinations.

The annual European Tourism Forum also provides a platform where all stakeholders can exchangeviews and strengthen their collaboration on the issuesrelated to the links between sustainability andcompetitiveness of European tourism.

In order to strengthen the collaboration with andamong Member States, their current annual reportingthrough the Tourism Advisory Committee (TAC) will beused to facilitate the exchange and the dissemination of information also about how their policies and actionssafeguard the sustainability of tourism.

The need to know better and faster how tourismevolves in Europe can be addressed partly through thecollection and provision of statistical and geographicdata and partly through the activity of existing or newobservatories. Such information could facilitate themonitoring of the key challenges, especially thoseimportant for SMEs which are linked to employment andseasonality.

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3.2.2. Promovarea destina iilor de excelen

Comisia va continua s pun n aplicare proiectul pilot Destinaii europene de excelen (EDEN). EDEN promoveaz noile destinaii europene i ofer sprijindestinaiilor care urmresc dezvoltarea turismului ntr-o

manier n care s asigure durabilitate social, cultural ide mediu. n fiecare an, se alege o tem diferit pentruatribuirea premiului. Comisia va facilita crearea de reelentre destinaiile premiate, cu scopul de a nlesni schimbulde bune practici la nivel europeani a ncuraja altedestinaii s adopte modele similare de dezvoltare turistic durabil.

De asemenea, Comisia va consolida imagineaimodul n care este perceput Europa ca destinaie turistic de o excelent calitate i caracterizat de durabilitate. nacest scop, Comisia va colabora cu Comisia european aturismului i organizaiile naionale de turism pentru aelabora o strategie adecvat care s implice i utilizarea

site-ului internet dedicat destinailor turistice europene.

3.2.3. Mobilizarea instrumentelor financiarecomunitare

Comisia european recunoate necesitatea de aacorda sprijin financiar pr ilor interesate pentru a favoriza punerea n aplicare a Agendei. Exist deja la nivel europeanoportuniti n acest sens, cum ar fi posibilitatea ca statelemembrei toate regiunile s finaneze proiecte n domeniul

turismului prin intermediul Fondului European deDezvoltare Regional. Practicile durabilei inovatoare dinsectorul turismului constituie deja criterii prioritare ncadrul obiectivelor diferitor instrumente financiareeuropene n special, fondurile politicii de coeziune(Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regional i FondulSocial European), Fondul European pentru Agricultur iDezvoltare Rural, Fondul European pentru Pescuit, Alaptelea program-cadru CE pentru cercetare, dezvoltaretehnologic i demonstraie (n cadrul cruia prioritateaesenial privind schimbrile climatice include impactulasupra turismului) precumi n cadrul programuluiLeonardo da Vinci prin introducerea unei msuri specifice pentru ucenici i tinerii implicai n nvmntul profesionali un proiect n desf urare, care analizeaz idezvolt calificrile din sectorul turismului. Programul-cadru pentru competitivitatei inovare (CIP) sprijin, deasemenea, competitivitatea ntreprinderilor din UEi, nspecial, a IMM-urilor.

3.2.2. Promoting the excellence destinations

The Commission will continue to implement theEuropean Destinations of Excellence (EDEN) pilot project. EDEN promotes emerging Europeandestinations and offers support to those where the

development in tourism is being pursued in such a wayas to ensure social, cultural and environmentalsustainability. Every year a different theme for the awardis selected. The Commission will facilitate the creationof networks between awarded destinations, with the aimof facilitating the exchange of good practices atEuropean level and encouraging other destinations toadopt similar sustainable tourist development models.

The Commission will also reinforce the imageand the perception of Europe as a tourist destinationcharacterized by high quality and sustainability. To thisend, the Commission will work with the EuropeanTravel Commission and the National Tourism

Organizations to devise a proper strategy that willinvolve also the use of the European DestinationTourism Portal.

3.2.3. Mobilizing the EU financial instruments

The European Commission acknowledges theneed of stakeholders to financial aid with a view to foster the implementation of the Agenda. The opportunities atEuropean level are already there to be seized, such as the possibility for Member States and all Regions to financetourist projects through the European Regional

Development Fund. Sustainable and innovative tourism practices are already highlighted as priority criteria in thedifferent objectives of the various European financialinstruments in particular the Cohesion Policy funds(the European Regional Development Fund and theEuropean Social Fund), the European Agricultural Fundfor Rural Development, the European Fisheries Fund,the 7th EC Framework Program for Research,Technological Development and Demonstrationactivities (where the priority key on climate changeincludes impacts on tourism) and in the Leonardo daVinci program, through the introduction of a specificmeasure for apprentices and young persons in vocationaltraining and a project currently underway, analyzing anddeveloping qualifications in the sector. TheCompetitiveness and Innovation Framework Program(CIP) also supports the competitiveness of EUenterprises and especially SMEs. The Commission willfacilitate the spreading of knowledge on how theseexisting EU financial instruments have been and can beused to this end by the different tourism stakeholders.

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3.2.4. Integrarea durabilit ii i competitivit ii n cadrul politicilor Comisiei

O serie de politicii aciuni europene existente potavea o influen puternic asupra turismului i acaracterului su durabili pot contribui n mod semnificativ

la abordarea provocrilor eseniale. Impactul politicilor generale, precum politica n materie de mediu, transport,angajare sau cercetare, poate fi diferit de la un teritoriu laaltul datorit caracteristicilor specifice fiecrui teritoriu.Comisia iai va lua n continuare n considerare nevoilediferitelor teritorii.

Participarea ampl a pr ilor interesate la procesulde consultare privind viitoarea politic maritim a UE ademonstrat interesuli sprijinul acestora pentru aciune lanivel european n direcia unui turism maritimi de coast mai durabili mai competitiv. Ca r spuns la preocuprilemanifestate, abordarea integrat a politicii maritime vaconstitui baza pentru elaborarea aciunii de consolidare a

durabilitii i competitivitii sectorului. Ca prim pas,Comisia se va concentra asupra sectorului turismului decoast i va evalua efectele segmentelor cu dezvoltarerapid, cum ar fi turismul de croazier , prin examinarearelaiilor dintre industria croazierelor, echipamentele portuare, porturile de agrementi alte industrii maritime, precumi efectele problemelor legate de concurena dintreexploatrile terestrei cele maritime din zonele de coast.

Zonele montane necesit politici prospective dedezvoltare rural care s integreze att cerinele deconservare a acestui mediu natural deosebit, cti bunstarea durabil a locuitorilor. Comisia recunoatenevoia de a conserva motenirea natural bogat a multor

zone montane vulnerabile.Zonele rurale investesc n turism pentru a-idiversifica economiile, necesare creterii, ocuprii for ei demunc i dezvoltrii durabile. Acestea ofer adevrate posibiliti, fie n calitate de locuri atractive n care se poatetr i i locui, fie n calitate de rezervor de resurse naturalesau ca peisaje de o deosebit valoare. n acest context, seimpune asigurarea coerenei politicilor comunitare, creareade sinergii ntre acestea, conservarea mediului naturali protejarea zonelor rurale.

Turismul poate contribui, de asemenea, ladezvoltarea durabil a zonelor urbane prin sporireacompetitivitii ntreprinderilor, satisfacerea nevoilor sociale i conservarea mediului culturali a mediuluinatural. Pentru a nregistra succese n toate zonele,destinaiile urbane trebuie s adopte o abordare global bazat pe principiile dezvoltrii durabilei recunoscut isprijinit de politicile publice la toate nivelurile, inclusiv lanivel european.

3.2.4. Mainstreaming sustainability andcompetitiveness in Commission policies

Several existing European policies and actionscan have a strong influence on tourism and itssustainability and can make an important contribution intackling the key challenges. General policies such as

environment, transport, employment or research canhave different impacts on diverse territories because of their specific characteristics. The Commission is takingand will take into consideration the needs of thesedifferent territories.

The substantial response from stakeholders to theconsultation process on the future EU Maritime Policyhas demonstrated their interest and support for action atEU level towards more sustainable and competitivemaritime and coastal tourism. In response to their concerns, the integrated approach of the Maritime Policywill provide the basis for elaborating further action toenhance sustainability and competitiveness in the sector.

As a first step, the Commission will focus its attentionon the coastal tourism sector by assessing the effects of fast growing segments such as cruise tourism, examiningthe interlinks between the cruise industry, port facilities,marinas and other maritime industries, and of issuesconcerning competition between land and maritime usesin coastal environment.

Mountain areas need prospective policies of ruraldevelopment that integrate both the conservationrequirements of this particular natural environment aswell as the sustained welfare of its inhabitants. TheCommission recognizes the need to preserve the richnatural heritage of many of these vulnerable mountain

spaces. Rural areas are investing in tourism in order todiversify their economies, which is necessary for growth,employment and sustainable development. They offer real opportunities in terms of their attractiveness as a place in which to live and work, and their role as areservoir of natural resources and highly valuedlandscapes. This implies the need to ensure coherenceand synergies in Community policies and to preserve theenvironment and safeguard the countryside.

Tourism can also contribute to the sustainabledevelopment of urban areas by improving businesscompetitiveness, meeting social needs and preserving thecultural and natural environment. If urban destinationsare to be successful in all these areas, they must take aglobal approach that is based on the principles of sustainable development and is recognized andsupported by public policies at all levels, including theEuropean level.

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