proiect EMI - Robu

8/3/2019 proiect EMI - Robu

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Chapter 1. Site description

1.1 Organization/process/products

S.C MITAL STIL S.A Roman is located in Roman-Iasi road, km 333, with the

headquarters in 246 Stefan cel Mare Street, Roman, Neamt county, in the Siret river basin,

between Codrun and Simionesti villages and the railways Roman-Suceava. The absolute height

of the platform location is +208.60 m above Black Sea.

The company is registered with the Trade Register no. J27/88/1991, fiscal code R

2057240, IBAN RO 06 RNCB 3710000000 100001, Roman branch opened at BCR.

The evaluated target neighborhoods are:

North: Codrun and Simionesti villages;

South: Roman city;

East: S.C. ELEROM S.A - highway E 85 ( Bucharest-Suceava);

West: Codrun village.

Surface of the site is 1629031 m2:

Built area = 508376 m2;

Inside surface = 953253 m2;

Outside surface = 167402 m2; Landfills = 37500 m2;

Green spaces = 75000 m2

The entrance on the site is through the gate from Roma-Iasi road, at km 333, Codrun

village. The emplacement is protected by a precast concrete fence with barbed wire on three

layers, aprox. 2 meter height.

The main activity of the company is the production of iron and steel tubes - NACE Code

272. The primary activity is the production of tubes (pipes) and fittings. Steel plant operationalprocesses are divided into a number of sequential parts as follows:

- Stieffel rolling process (mills 16", 6" two lines);

- Pilger rolling process (mill 20");

- auxiliary operation for hot rolling;

- finishing of tubular material;


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- the Extreme Line pipe manufacturing.

The main activity is producing and selling seamless steel pipes, hot rolled, cold rolled or

drawn and import-export activity.

As a secondary activity it could be mentioned the marketing of steel castings and

machined parts.

Other related activities are listed as follows:

- Transport activities;

- Metrology activities;

- Department of laboratories;

- Administrative services;

- Maintenance and repair;

- Investments and direct labor;- Production and distribution of thermal agents (hot water and steam consumption

society);

- Transport and distribute electricity, gas and oxygen;

- Technical assistance;

- Design and operating systems;

- Research design, consultancy;

- Marketing, advertising;

- Raw materials and auxiliary supply.

As finished products, the company manufactures carbon steel pipe hot rolled, cold rolled

or drawn, and by-products rolling tools, spare parts.

1.2 Site characterization

1.2.1 Soil and topography of the site area

Codrun village is situated in the south-west of the platform Moldovan. This area is

meadow and is formed of medium coarse sands.

Along the arms of Moldova, the ex riverbeds are paved with coarse material, trapped in a

discontinuous matrix of coarse sands, and they are covered by alluvial soils. In the Moldavian

Platform, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Neozoic formations are encountered. Due to combined

actions of factors and pedogenetic processes, there is a coating of different soils, like:


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cambic chernozem;

illuvial clay mold;

luvic brown soil;

alluvial soil.1.2.2 Ground water

Downward waters - they are located in the superior layers of earths bark, connected with

surface water and rainfall. These waters can be groundwater located in the surface aquifer

or surface water, located above the ground water and with temporary character.

Upward waters - they are trapped in deep aquifers, between impermeable layers, being in

a long time connection with surface water.

On the site, ground water is situated in a 2-5 m depth. The level of ground water is notstable because of rainfall.

1.2.3 Surface water

The main river in the area is Moldova, with its affluent, Morii. The minor bed of the

Moldova river is welded, paved with boulders and gravel. The bed is very unstable because of

fluid flow.

The annual flow is 34.7 m3/s (1950-1991), and the extremely monthly average is as

follows: 7.63 m3/s in January and 64.08 m3/s in May.


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Chapter 2. Identification of sources of pollution and contaminants

2.1 Process description

In S.C. MITAL STIL S.A, the main activity is the production of iron and steel tubes and

core business is the production of steel pipes. Besides the main activity, the society can perform

other 118 activities.

The main activity is the production and marketing of seamless steel pipes, hot rolled, cold

rolled or drawn, as well as import export activities. As a secondary activity it may be mentioned

the selling steel castings and processed cutting parts.

As finite products, the company creates Tevin of carbon steel hot rolled, cold rolled or

drawn, and sub - products rolling tools, spare parts.

The production activity is structured in 7 sections of production, workshops annex,

wastewater storage materials and finished products.

In terms of flow technology organization, there are seven sections:

a) Section mill 16" - it is equipped with a hot rolling line type Stieffel to manufacture pipes

with external diameter between 168-406 mm, using as raw material steel billets carbon and low

alloy;b) Section mill 6"/1,2 - which has two lines running hot rolling type Stieffel to manufacture

pipes with outer diameter 89-168 mm range, using as raw material steel billets - carbon and low

alloy and a line of hot rolling mill gearbox to manufacture pipes with outside diameter ranging

from 34 -89 mm, using as raw material taken from the mill Stieffel rough pipes 16";

c) Section mill 20"- which has operated a hot rolling line Pilger, to manufacture pipes with

external diameter between 273-508 mm, using steel ingots as raw material and low-carbon steel;

d) Section drawer - which has operated a line of cold rolling and cold drawn bench for

manufacturing pipes with outer diameter between 6-245 mm;

e) Section material tubular finish (FMT) which performs all operations tubular finishing

materials for special purpose;

f) 4 households recycled industrial water;

g) The station for neutralizing acidic waters from pickling and phosphating;


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h) The station for chromic waters detoxification;

i) Domestic waste water treatment plant.

Reporting to the nominal production capacity, then the quantities of the delivered goods

in 2003 are:

- for Section mill 20 : 129 000 t/yr;

- for Section mill 16 and FMT: 325 332 t/yr;

- for Section mill 6: 108 798 t/yr.

In addition to the production departments and insurance there are also utilities,

maintenance, repairs, insurance tools, service and service, warehouses, laboratories,

administrative body.

Description of the main rolling processes

Stieffel rolling process (rolling mills 16", 6") is conducted with some steps as follows:

1. The preparation of raw materials requires the raw material to be checked in terms of

appearance, the dimensional deviations and the perpendicularity of the ends cutback before

loading into the furnace. Cutting is performed on batch and dimension, with oxyacetylene flame

on the block backer support

2. Billets tickets weighing it is done on a BT 15-2 type platform weighing.

3. Heating billets tickets it is carried out in a rotary hearth furnace at a temperature of

1100-1300C. The heating agent is methane gas.

4. Drilling it is achieved by a helical lamination on a stopper and it is done between two

cylinders with inclined axes and which rotate in the same direction. The result is a hollow body

with a thick wall, called blank.

5. The DUO rolling it runs between two DUO cylinders, comprising 2, 3 or 4 sizes,

according to the outer diameter of pipes, which is laminated on a DUO plug.

6. Smoothing rolling this operation is intended to smooth the outer surface defects and

internal pipe wall thickness and uniformity.

7. Calibration of pipes it is carried out by calibrated mill, with 7 rolling stands, on which

the outer diameter is calibrated.

8. Cooling of pipes it is naturally made by stopping the pipes on two cooling beds.

9. Straightening of pipes it is done using a hyperbolic roller machines.


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10. Slicing of technological ends using special machines.

11. Control and reshuffle surface defects are removed by polishing using mobile

pneumatic grinders,

12. Marking it is carried out using nitro paint, by spraying using a compressed air gun

and a printed pattern on which the product characteristics are inscriptioned.

Pilger rolling process (rolling mill 20") consists in the hot plastic deformation by

polygonal ingots forging on a mandrel.

1. Raw materials preparation the raw material is the polygonal ingots with a diameter

between 450-650 mm and a length of 1600-2000 mm. Following the visual inspection, the

surface defects are removed by chiseling, grinding or peeling appropriate.

2. Weighing of ingots it is done with a scale place under the roller train.3. Heating of ingots it takes place in the rotary hearth furnace, at temperatures of 1250-

1300C, using methane gas as fuel.

4. Mechanical removal of zunder from the ingots it is achieved with a gear machine that

copy the ingot profile.

5. Drilling of ingots it is done with the drilling press with vertical frame of 1500 MN,

from which results a rolling glass.

6. Elongation of glasses the elongating mill runs a spiral rolling on the glass between

three rollers, at an angle of 120, where the breakdown of the bottom of the cup occurs, resulting

the blank.

7. Zunder removing using water pressure the pressure of the cold water (160-250 bar)

makes the zunder layer to break and fall.

8. Threading and Pilger rolling the pilger mandrel is introduced into the blank. The

Pilger rolling is a sequential deformation in pilgrim step.

9. Nipping of technological heads it is done with saws.

10. Weighing of pipes - it is done with a scale place on the flow under the roller train.

11. Pre-heating of pipes the pipes are heated in a tunnel furnace at 800-850C, using

methane gas.

12. Calibration of pipes the hot calibration is done with a single reversible DUO caja,

with a longitudinal rolling in 3-5 passes.


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13. Cooling of pipes is made naturally, by stopping the pipes on a bed with chains.

14. Operations that allow obtaining 530-610 mm diameter pipes:

- heating of pipe ends in the chamber furnace at the bore bed;

- suppression of pipe ends;

- heating of pipe;

- widening of pipe;

- straightening of pipe:

- debiting of suppressed ends.

2.2 Identification the sources of pollution

2.2.1 Water pollution sources

The wastewater sources are described in table no.1. Rainwater is collected and evacuated

together with technological wastewater and sanitary sewage in Moldova river. Before the

evacuation, the water is treated in the own wastewater treatment plant of the company.

Table no.1. - Water pollution sources

No.Pollution

source

Water generating

technological processSpecific pollutants

1 Section mill 16

-billet debiting

-billet heating

-defective blank heating

-billet rolling

-pipe testing

-maintenance

-zunder washing

-particulate matter

-calcium

-oil products

-extractable substances

-iron

2 Section mill 6/1

-billet heating

-blank heating

-billet, blank rolling

-pipe testing-accumulator charging

-maintenance

-billet debiting

-particulate matter

-calcium

-oil products

-extractable substances-iron

-sodium

-sulfates3 Section mill 6/2 -billet heating

-blank heating

-billet, blank rolling

-particulate matter

-calcium

-oil products


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-pipe testing

-accumulator charging

-maintenance

-billet debiting


-iron

-sodium

-sulfates

4 Section mill 20

-ingot heating

-steel pipes hardening

-pipe warming

-steel pipes hardening

-pipe warming at the

under-reamer bed

-pipe rolling

-chemical treating

-maintenance

-particulate matter-calcium

-oil products


-iron

-sodium

-sulfates

-nitrates

-zinc

-pH-total P

2.2.2 Air pollution sources

Section mill 20

- Source rotary hearth furnace: here it takes place the ingot heating, with a consumption of

methane gas of 6620 Nmc/h. The source specific features are: height 25.7 m, diameter 2600 mm,

flow 180,000 mc/h. Discontinuous source: 2700 h/yr. Major emitted pollutants: particulate

matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO3), sulfur dioxide.

- Source tunnel furnace with recuperator boiler: methane gas consumption 2640 Nmc/h.

The specific features of the source are: height 23 m, diameter 1600 mm, flow 90,000 mc/h and

28,000 mc/h. The source is discontinuous. The major emitted pollutants are: particulate matter,

carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO3), sulfur dioxide.

- Source stainless steel T.T. line tunnel furnace - methane gas consumption 125 Nmc/h.

The source specific features are: height 21.27 m, diameter 780 mm, flow 2 x 11,200 mc/h. The

source is discontinuous. The major emitted pollutants are: particulate matter, carbon monoxide,

nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO3), sulfur dioxide.

- Source lacquer installation - The source specific features are: height 13 m, size 400 x

400 mm, flow 35,500 mc/h. The source is discontinuous. The major emitted pollutants are:

aliphatic hydrocarbons.


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For 2700 h/yr, the total emissions from this departament are: particulate matter 4.3 t, CO

50.38 t, NOx 38.3 t.

Diffuse sources are manual polarisations, pendulating, polarisations from mechanical

workshops, interior and exterior polarisation installations.

Section mill 16

- Source rotary hearth furnace with recuperating boiler it is a point source of pollution,

where the billet balls heating takes place. The used fuel is methane gas (5000 Nmc/h). There are

two stacks with the following characteristics: height 63 m and 31.5 m, respectively, diameter 2 x

2.8 m, flow 15,000 mc/h and 58,000 mc/h, respectively. It is a discontinuous source and operates

4100 h/yr. The major emitted pollutants are: particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides

(NO2, NO3), sulfur dioxide.

- Source tunnel furnace blank reheating smoke stack (in conservation) - methane gasconsumption 1400 Nmc/h. The source specific features are: height 28 m, diameter 600 mm, flow

10,200 mc/h. The source is discontinuous (4100 h/yr). The major emitted pollutants are :

particulate matter, CO, NOx, SO2.

Section mill 6/2

- Source rotary hearth furnace with recuperator boiler - methane gas consumption 2430

Nmc/h. The source specific features are: height 20 m, diameter 1000 mm, flow 50,000 mc/h.

Major emitted pollutants: particulate matter, CO, NOx, SO2. The source is discontinuous (5100

h/yr).

For a production capacity of 5100 h/yr, the air emissions are: particulate matter 3.3 t/yr,

CO 45 t/yr, NOx 24.7 t/yr.

- Source tunnel furnace comsumption of methane gas 600 Nmc/h. The source specific

features are: height 17.55 m, diameter 790 mm, flow 7100 mc/h. The major emitted pollutants

are: particulate matter, CO, NOx, SO2. The source is discontinuous (5100 h/yr).

For a production capacity of 5100 h/yr, the air emissions are: particulate matter 0.14 t/yr,

CO 0.021 t/yr, NOx 6 t/yr.

- Source reducing tunnel furnace The operation which takes place in this type of furnace

is thermic treatment, using methane gas (1300 Nmc/h). The height of the source is 20 m, the

diameter is 680 mm, and the flow is 28,000 mc/h. The major emitted pollutants are: particulate

matter, CO, NOx, SO2. The source is discontinuous (5100 h/yr).


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The annual emissions are: 0.1 t particulate matter, 0.623 t CO,0.5 t NOx.

- Source SM 3A Electric station The operation is accumulators charging. The height of

the source is 14 m, and the flow is 10,000 mc/h. Major emitted pollutant is sulfuric acid, emitted

with a flow of 7.1 g/h, with a determined concentration of 0.71 mg/mc. Other pollutants are:

particulatte matter, CO.

- Source billet debiting The performed operation is the welding operation. Major

emitted pollutants are: particulate matter, CO, NOx. The annual quantities are: 0.076 t particulate

matter, 0.190 t NOx, 0.114 t CO.

- Source pipes lacquer installations It is a ground diffuse source. The major emitted

pollutants are acetone (7.8 t/yr) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

- Source products marking It is also a ground diffuse source. The major emitted

pollutants are aliphatic hydrocarbons (2.49 t/yr).At immision, it was found that the major pollutants are particulate matter and NOx,

outrunning the intervention level and the alert level, respectively.

2.2.3 Soil and ground water pollution sources

The potential pollution sources for the soil and subsoil are: discharges, leaking and losses

of fuels or used oils, accidentals discharges, leaking and losses of concentrated chemical

solutions (sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, lime), dust and zunder depositions.The activities that unfold and are still unfolding on the factory site have an influence upon

the soil. Around the storage area of the oily zunder linked to the no. 1 horizontal zunder decanter,

there are leackings on the soil due to extraction operations from the decantation cells storage on

the platform and taking over from the platform - loading to the trucks for delivering to the final

waste dump.

The features of the main waste dumps are indicated in table no.2. Because of the storage

conditions of the wastes, the soluble pollutants from wastes can reach into the environment

through natural leaching due to the action of the rainfall.

Table no.2 - The main waste dumps

No.Waste dump

nameOccupied area (ha) Features

1. Oily zunder waste 0.075 - afferent to the no.1 horizontal


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dump

zunder decanter

- storage capacity 749 mc

- reinforced with concrete, open

2. Oily zunder wastedump 0.01

- afferent to the Section mill 6/2

horizontal decanter- storage capacity 180 mc

- reinforced with concrete

3.Clean zunder

dump0.103

- afferent to the Section mill 6/2

cyclone predecanter

- storage capacity 342.37 mc

- reinforced with concrete, open

4.Clean zunder

dump

0.256

- afferent to the GAIR - Section mill

6/2 cyclone predecanter

- storage capacity 512 mc- reinforced with concrete

5.Clean and oily

zunder dump0.026

- afferent to the no. 2 GAIR



6.Clean zunder

dump0.187

- afferent to the GAIR - Section mill

20 cyclone decanter



7. Lime sludge dump 0.0018- afferent to Section mill 16


The storage of oil petroleum products can be an uncontrolled pollution source for the soil

caused by working losses and through respiration. The storage of used and minetal oil is done

in closed metal casks or in 7 tanks x 20 t places in basement. The diesel oil is stored in 3

underground tanks x 25 t. On the site are also 6 unused tanks for mineral oils, a White spirt basin

(50 t), an oil basin 920 t) and a fuel oil dump (2000 t).

A special case is the Sludge and waste dump heap from Simionesti area, which iscomposed of two cells, with a maximum storage capacity of 22,440 mc for cell 1 and 91,728 mc

for cell 2. The annual waste quantity stored is 1870 mc for cell 1 and 7644 mc for cell 2. The

harmful industrial wastes (oily zunder) is stored in cell 1 and the internal chemical wastes

(sludge) in cell 2. The access/entry for the motor vehicles in the waste dump is done on a special

arranged road.


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The Simionesti waste dump is the main pollution source for soil and subsoil. The major

pollutants are: heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Zn, Cr,Cd), extractible substances and sulfates and

phosphates found in all leachate. The analysis of ground water samples from the factory site

shows outrunnings for the organic compounds (CCO-Cr) of aprox. 2.7-3 times, a relatively high

content of extractible substances, outrunnings for nitrates of aprox. 2.7-3 times, for sulfates of

aprox. 1.98-2 times and a relatively high content of sulfurs and hydrogen sulfide (outrunnings of

1-5.2 times) and fixed residue (maximum outrunning of 1.8-2 times).

2.3 Contaminants for surface water

The analysis results of the representative quality indicators for surface water are shown in

table no.3.

Table no.3 - Main quality indicators for surface water

No. Quality indicatorMeasured

concentrationAlert level

MAC* Order

1146/2002

Quality II

1 COD-Cr, mg O2/l 28.9 17.5 252 BOD5, mg/l 1.87 3.5 53 NO3-, mg/l 28.84 9.31 13.34 NO2-, mg/l 0.081 0.14 0.25 PO43-, mg/l 0.022 0.21 0.3

6 SO32-

, mg.l 232.5 105 1507 Cl-, mg/l 28.48 70 1008 Fixed residue, mg/l 1257.5 350 500

9Total Chromium,

mg/l0.02 0.0014 (total 0.035) 0.002 (total 0,05)

10 Total Iron, mg/l 1.2 0.07 0.111 Copper, mg/l 0.1 0.0014 (total 0.014) 0.002 (total 0,02)

12 Lead, mg/l 0.20.0007 (total

0.0035)0.001 (total 0,005)

*MAC maximum admissible concentration

2.4 Contaminants for ground water

The analysis results of the representative quality indicators for ground water are shown in

table no.4.

Table no.4 - Main quality indicators for ground water


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concentration

Alert

level

MAC*

Law of potable water no.

458/2002

1 COD-Cr, mg O2/l 14.79 3.5 52 NO3-, mg/l 154.305 35 503 PO43-, mg/l 0.0052 0.07 0.14 SO32-, mg/l 512.93 175 2505 Cl-, mg/l 51.44 175 max. 2506 S2- and H2S, mg/l 0.52 0.07 0.17 Fixed residue, mg/l 1607.5 560 max. 800

8 Total Chromium, mg/l 0.0250.03

50.05

9 Total Iron, mg/l 0.03 0.07 0.110 Copper, mg/l 0.78 0.07 0.1

11 Lead, mg/l 0.220.00

70.01

12 Zinc, mg/l 0.05 3.5 5*MAC maximum admissible concentration

2.5 Contaminants for soil

The analysis results of the representative quality indicators for soil are shown in table no.5.

Table no.5 - Main quality indicators for soil

No.

Quality

indicator

(mg/kg)

Normal

values

(mg/kg)

Alert

level

(mg/kg)

Maximum admissible

concentration

Order 756/1997 (mg/kg)

Determined

values

(mg/kg)

1

Extractable

compounds


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2.6 Contaminants for air

The analysis results of the representative quality indicators for air are shown in table no.6.

Table no. 6 - Main quality indicators for air


concentration

(mg/mc)

Alert level

(mg/mc)

MAC*Decree 592/2002

(mg/mc)

1 NOx 345 0.14 0.22 SO2 0.2 0.245 0.353 Particulate matter 16.8 (30 minutes) 0.035 0.054 NH3 0.2 0.0105 0.015 (STAS 1254-87)5 H2S 0.1 0.0105 0.015 (STAS 1254-87)

*MAC maximum admissible concentration

2.7 Likely contaminants for ecosystems

They are: petroleum hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, acetone.

When petroleum hydrocarbons (P.H.) are released directly to water through spills or leaks, certain

petroleum hydrocarbons fractions will float in water and form thin surface films. Other heavier fractions

will accumulate in the sediment at the bottom of the water, which may affect bottom-feeding fish and

organisms. Some organisms found in the water (primarily bacteria and fungi) may break down some of

the petroleum hydrocarbons fractions. P.H. released to the soil may move through the soil to the

groundwater. Individual compounds may then separate from the original mixture, depending on the

chemical properties of the compound. Some of these compounds will evaporate into the air and others willdissolve into the groundwater and move away from the release area. Other compounds will attach to

particles in the soil and may stay in the soil for a long period of time, while others will be broken down by

organisms found in the soil.

Carbon monoxide (CO) increases the amount of other greenhouse gases (methane), and eventually

oxidises into carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases are linked to global warming. Very high levels of CO will

cause the same problems to birds and animals that are experienced by people, although these levels are

very unlikely to be encountered in the environment except during extreme events like bushfires. At high

levels, CO will cause illness (fatigue, gastric upset). At very high levels, carbon monoxide will be life-threatening. Long-term (chronic) exposure to low levels of CO may produce heart disease and damage to

the nervous system. Exposure of pregnant animals to CO may cause low birth weight, increased fetal

mortality and nervous system damage to the offspring.


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Even low concentrations of sulfur dioxide can harm plants and trees and reduce crop productivity.

Higher levels, and especially the acidic deposits from acid rain, will adversely affect both land and water

ecosystems.

Nitrogen dioxide helps form acid rain. In addition, this pollutant can cause a wide range of

environmental damage, including visibility impairment and eutrophication - that is, explosive algaegrowth, which can deplete oxygen in water bodies.

Acetone is mainly emitted to air. It can move from the atmosphere into the water and soil by rain

and snow, and it can quickly volatilise back into the air. Acetone is also capable of moving into the

groundwater from spills or landfills, where it can be degraded within days.

2.8 Likely contaminants for human health

They are: petroleum hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, acetone.

The compounds of P.H. in different fractions affect the body in different ways. Some of the P.H.

compounds, particularly the smaller compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (which are present

in gasoline), can affect the human central nervous system. If exposures are high enough, death can occur.

Breathing toluene at concentrations greater than 100 ppm for more than several hours can cause fatigue,

headache, nausea, and drowsiness. When exposure is stopped, the symptoms will go away. However, if

someone is exposed for a long time, permanent damage to the central nervous system can occur. One

petroleum hydrocarbon compound (n-hexane) can affect the central nervous system in a different way,

causing a nerve disorder called "peripheral neuropathy" characterized by numbness in the feet and legs

and, in severe cases, paralysis. This has occurred in workers exposed to 5002,500 ppm of n-hexane in theair. Swallowing some petroleum products such as gasoline and kerosene causes irritation of the throat and

stomach, central nervous system depression, difficulty breathing, and pneumonia from breathing liquid

into the lungs. The compounds in some petroleum hydrocarbon fractions can also affect the blood,

immune system, liver, spleen, kidneys, developing fetus, and lungs. Certain petroleum hydrocarbon

compounds can be irritating to the skin and eyes.

Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion of natural or petroleum gas. At low

levels it may cause poor concentration, memory and vision problems, and loss of muscle coordination. At

higher levels (200 ppm for 23 hours), it may cause headaches, fatigue and nausea. At very high levels(400 ppm) the symptoms intensify and will be life-threatening after three hours. Exposure to levels of

1200 ppm or greater are immediately dangerous to life. Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin to

form carboxyhaemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. Long-term exposure to low

levels of CO may produce heart disease and damage the nervous system. CO is classified by the National


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Occupational Health Safety Commission Australia as a Category 1 reproductive toxicant (substance

known to cause developmental toxicity to humans).

When inhaled, sulfur dioxide irritates the nose, throat, and airways to cause coughing, wheezing,

shortness of breath, or a tight feeling around the chest. The effects are felt very quickly and most people

would feel the worst symptoms in 10 or 15 minutes after breathing it in. Those most at risk of developingproblems if they are exposed to sulfur dioxide are people with asthma or similar conditions.

Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide may cause increased respiratory illness in young children

and harm lung function in people with existing respiratory illnesses. Long-term exposure may lead to

increased susceptibility to respiratory infection and may cause alterations in the lung.

Acetone is generally recognized to have low acute and chronic toxicity if ingested and/or

inhaled. Inhalation of high concentrations (around 9200 ppm) in the air caused irritation of the

throat in humans in as little as 5 minutes. Inhalation of concentrations of 1000 ppm caused

irritation of the eyes and of the throat in less than 1 hour. Acetone is not currently regarded as a

carcinogen, a mutagenic, chemical or a concern for chronic neurotoxicity effects. Acetone can be

found as an ingredient in a variety of consumer products ranging from cosmetics to processed and

unprocessed foods. Acetone has been rated as a Generally Recognized as Safe substance when

present in beverages, baked foods, desserts, and preserves at concentrations ranging from 5 to

8 mg/L.

Chapter 3. Environmental impact quantification

3.1 Method description

The Leopold matrix it is a two dimensional matrix cross-referencing: the activities

showed in this method are supposed to have an impact on man and the environment; the existing

environmental and social conditions that could possibly be affected by the project.

The environmental and social conditions are listed on the other axis, and divided in three

major groups:

physical conditions: soil, water, air;


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biological conditions: fauna, flora, ecosystems;

social and cultural conditions: land use, historical and cultural issues, populations,

economy.

The Leopold matrix proposes a three-step process to estimate the impact:

First step : for all the interactions considered significant by the authors, the first step is to

mark the corresponding boxes in the matrix with a diagonal line.

Second step : once the boxes with supposed significant interactions are slashed, the author

evaluates each box by applying a number from 1 to 10 to register the magnitude of the

interaction. This number is transferred to the upper left hand corner. It represents the scale of the

action and its theoretical extent.

Third step : the final step for this method is to mark , in the lower right hand corner, the real

importance of the phenomenon for the given project. It then gives an evaluation of the extent of

the environmental impact according to the assessor's judgement.

Once the matrix is established the EIA gives a precise description of each important impact in

the matrix (with the larger numerical values for magnitude and importance). The discussion must

also address columns and rows with large numbers of interactions. They show activities, or

elements, in connection with the environment which are particularly significant or sensitive.

The Leopold matrix proposes a framework for all developers but, on one hand, it is too

detailed for pulp and paper projects, and on the other not precise enough for such projects. It isgenerally more efficient to accommodate it as needed and to develop a customized matrix for the

project.

3.2 Working pinciples

The Leopold matrix is used to identify the potential impact of aproject on

the environment. The system consists of a matrix with columns representing the various activities

of the project, and rows representing the various environmental factors to be considered. The

intersections are filled in to indicate the magnitude and the importance of the impact of each

activity on each environmental factor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project#Engineering_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project#Engineering_projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment


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The Leopold matrix method is settled up to evaluate the environmental impact and risk,

considering the main environmental components: surface water, ground water, air and soil. We

take into account the specific quality indicators for each environmental components considered in

evaluation process.

Considering the following environmental components: ground and surface water, soil and

air, the evaluation of environmental impacts is done using a matrix in order to calculate the

importance of each environmental component, potentially affected by the industrial activities.

The importance parameter can take values between 1 and 10; value 10 represents the most

important environmental component. These values are assigned by the evaluator to each

environmental component.

For Mittal Steel Roman were developed three matrices in the form of tables, where in

columns are placed the activities of three technological processes: rolling mill 6, mill 16 and

20 that can cause environmental impacts, while the lines represents the quality indicators of the

four enviromnental compounds: surface water, groundwater, soil and air.

In each cell of the matrix is palced a bar where:


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On top is pleaced a number from 1 to 10 indicate the magnitude of the impact

(value 10 represents the most important environmental component)

On left corner is written a number from 1 to 10 who indicate the importance of the

impactInteraction matrices for the three rolling mills are noted in next tables.

The main rolling processes for rolling mills 6 and 16 are:

A1 preparation of raw materials

A2 billets tickets weighing

A3 heating billets tickets

A4 drilling

A5 DUO rolling

A6 smoothing rolling

A7 calibration of pipes

A8 cooling of pipes

A9 straightening of pipes

A10 slicing of technological ends

A11 control and reshufle

A12 marking

MAC

1 432 5 6 8 97 10

Alertlevel


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Table no. 14 Interaction matrix of rolling mill 6 and 16

3.3 Results analyses

Observing the environmental impact values and comparing them with tabe no.9, one can

notice the following:

1) the rolling mill processes have a significant impact on the surface water, with many

values for EI >1000 (especially for heavy metals Cr, Fe, Cu, Pb), wich denotes a degraded

environment, not proper for life forms; thus, the wastewaters evacuated from the companys site

affects in a negative way the quality of Moldova river, even though they are prior treated in the

companys wastewater treatment plant.

2) the ground water is also classified as a degraded environment, with EI >1000, also forheavy metals (Cu, Pb) and sulfurs and with high values for nitrates, sulfates and organic

compounds, where EI is higher than 700 and lower 1000, indicating an environment modified by

industrial activities, dangerous for life forms;

3) the impact on air is also very high (EI >>1000 for NOx and particulate matter); also for

ammonia and hydrogen sulfide the values for EI are over 1000 and thus, an environment not

proper for life forms;

4) in the case of the environmental component soil, the value for extractable substances is

higher than 1000, but the other representative quality indicators the values vary between 100 and

350, for cadmium, indicating an environment modified by industrial activities within admissible

limits, and below 100 for most of the heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni), denoting a natural

environment, not affected by industrial activities.


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Chapter 4. Environmental management plan

Firstly, the activities at S.C. MITAL STIL S.A. Roman have a major negative impact on

the surface water, polluting the emissary (Moldova river) in a significant way. This happens even

though the wastewaters are treated on the site before discharging. In addition, the technological

wastewaters, after being locally pre-treated, are collected with the rainwater which can put in

motion some of the pollutants (slag, oily zunder, oil petrolium products). These waters are then

joint in the sewarage with the sanitary sewage, previously treated in the companys own

wastewater treatment plant. Finally, all these wastewaters are discharged in Moldova river.

Considering these aspects, it is important to refurbish the companys wastewater treatment plant

with emphasis on the performance of the equipments used for the retention of pollutants from


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technological and domestic wastewaters. If posible, a final wastewater treatment step should be

applied, so that the rainwater can also be treated before discharging.

Secondly, the soil and ground water are affected by the precipitations falling on the site,

collected and discharged togheter with technological wastewaters, without a treatment step before

being released into emissary. Also, the temporary storage of some wastes (slag, oily zunder etc.)

is not done properly on the site, as indicated in legislation in force (G.D. 856/2002, Law

426/2000). Therefore, the leakages from these dumps (containing heavy metals and oily

petrollium prodcuts), along with the effect of the rainfall, modify the environment, affecting soil

and ground water severly (large exceedances for COD and heavy metals for ground water and

extractable compounds and heavy metals for soil).

Thirdly, the major environmental impact of S.C. MITAL STIL S.A. is also caused by the

immisions in air (particulate matter and flue gases). Thus, it is recommended that the retentionequipments for these immisions to be enhanced.

In conclusion, the most important actions that need to be done for reducing the

environmental impact of S.C. MITAL STIL S.A. are:

- the refurbish of the wastewater treatment plant;

- implementing of a solution for retaining of the pollutants (slug, oily zunder, oil

petrolium products) on the site which can be put in move by the rainwater; e.g, with

dams or retention vats for tanks;

- improving the performance of the installations for particulate matter and flue gases

retaining;

- monitoring of water discharges, not only the feeding, so that the possible leakages

from the sewerage or the local treatment wastewater can be identified.


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Conclusions/discussions

Amplasamentul obiectivului evaluat, S.C. MITTAL STEEL S.A. Roman, este situat noseaua Roman Iai km. 333, cu sediul social n Str. tefan cel Mare nr. 246, Roman, jud.Neam, n bazinul hidrografic Siret, ntre satele Cordun i Simioneti i linia CF Roman Suceava, n zona limitrof a localitii Roman, la 5 km nord.

n cadrul S.C. MITTAL STEEL S.A. Roman domeniul principal de activitate const nproducia de tuburi din font i oel Cod CAEN 272, iar obiectul principal de activitate esteproducia de tuburi (evi) din oel Cod CAEN 2722. Pe lng activitatea principal Societateamai poate desfura n subsidiar i alte 118 activiti conform Hotrrii Adunrii GeneraleExtraordinare a Acionarilor, nr. 7 din 21 iulie 2005.

Activitatea principal o constituie producerea i comercializarea evilor din oel frsudur, laminate la cald, laminate sau trase la rece. Ca activitate secundar se poate menionacomercializarea de piese turnate din oel i piese prelucrate prin achiere.


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Pentru evaluarea impactului activitilor societii Mittal Steel Roman S.A.,cu ajutorulmatricei de interaciune Leopold s-au elaborat scri de acordare a notelor pentru magnitudine iimportan. Toate notele au fost trecute n cele trei matrici eleborate, care sunt de fapt tabele,unde n coloane sunt poziionate activitile celor trei procese tehnologice: laminor 6, laminor16 i laminor 20 care pot cauza un impact asupra mediului, n timp ce liniile reprezint

indicatorii de calitate a celor patru componente de mediu: ap de suprafa, ap subteran, sol iaer-imisii.Aa cum s-a prezentat exist ns unele riscuri de poluare a mediului datorate depirilor

concentraiilor maxime admisibile, pentru care s-au obinut cele mai mici note pentrumagnitudine. Astfel c cele mai mici note s-au acordat entru indicatorii de calitate:

- azotai i CCO-Cr, n cazul factorilor de mediu ap de suprafa i ap subteran;- substane extractibile n eter i Cd, n cazul solului;- pulberi n suspensie i azotai, n cazul aerului-imisii

Dup efectuarea calculelor pe coloan s-a constat c activitile: nclzirea biletelor deagl i lingouri; laminare DUO, netezitoare i laminare Pilger; probare hidrostatic i renclzireevi au un impact negativ asupra mediului.

n urma cuantificrii impactului asupra mediului cu ajutorul matricei lui Leopold seconstat faptul c activitile desfurate n cadrul societii Mittal Steel Roman au un efect, ce sencadreaz n limitele admisibile.

REFERENCES

1. Evaluri de mediu pentru dezvoltare durabil. Metode i tehnici de cuantificare a

impactului ecologic. Note de curs. .L.Dr.Ing. Brndua Robu;

2. Autorizaie integrat de mediu Nr. 16 din 29.12.2005 a societii ARCELORMITTAL

TUBULAR PRODUCTS ROMAN S.A.;3. Bilanul de mediu de nivel I pentru obiectivul S.C. ISPAT PETROTUB S.A. ROMAN

Auditor : Universitatea Tehnic Gh. Asachi Iai Catedra Ingineria Mediului:

Prof.dr.ing. Matei Macoveanu, Drd.ing. Brndua Robu; A. F. Crpinean 2004;


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4. Buletine de analiz - cuprinznd rezultatele analizelor fizice i fizico-chimice la probele

de ap de suprafa, ap subteran, sol, aer imisii recoltate din zona de amplasament a

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aprobarea Normativului privind clasificarea calitii apelor de suprafa n vederea

stabilirii strii ecologice a corpurilor de ap;

6. Legea nr.458 din 8 iulie 2002 privind calitatea apei potabile (modificat Legea

nr.311/2004);

7. Ordinul nr.756 din 3 noiembrie 1997 al ministrului mediului i gospodririi apelor pentru

aprobarea Reglementrii privind evaluarea polurii mediului;

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valorilor limit, a valorilor de prag i a criteriilor i metodelor de evaluare a dioxidului desulf, dioxidului de azot i a oxizilor de azot, pulberilor n suspensie (PM 10 i PM 2,5),

plumbului, benzenului, monoxidului de carbon i ozonului n aerul nconjurtor.

9. Environmental studies for S.C. Metal Steel S.A. Roman (Iasi)

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