Present Tense (Theory)
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Transcript of Present Tense (Theory)
7/23/2019 Present Tense (Theory)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/present-tense-theory 1/13
I. PREZENTUL SIMPLU
(Present Simple Tense)
A . FORMARE
1. La forma afirmatia se foloseste infinitivul fara particula "to" al verbului:
Exemplu: to r!n " r!n
I run
You run
We run
They run
La persoana a III-a singular se adauga terminatia #S:
e runs
!he runs
$. La forma intero%atia se foloseste auxiliarul &o sau &oes la persoana a III-a
singular# urmat de verb:
'o I run$
'o you run$
'oes he run$
'oes she run$
'o %e run$
'o you run$
'o they run$
7/23/2019 Present Tense (Theory)
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&bservati ca n!mai a!iliar!l se con'uga(
. La forma ne%atia se foloseste &o not cu forma sa prescurtata &on*t# sau &oes
not cu forma sa prescurtata &oesn*t# pentru persoana a III-a singular:
I &o not (&on*t) run
You &o not (&on*t) run
e &oes not (&oesn*t) run
!he &oes not (&oesn*t) run
We &o not (&on*t) run
You &o not (&on*t) run
They &o not (&on*t) run
+. La forma intero%ati#ne%atia se foloseste &on*t " &oesn*t) inversandu-se
ordinea dintre subiect si auxiliar* +orma prescurtata e cel mai des folosita:
'on*t I run $
'on*t you run $
'oesn*t he run $
'oesn*t she run $
'on*t %e run $
'on*t you run $
'on*t they run $
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,. INTRE,UINTARE (-an& folosim a-est aspe-t al Preent!l!i in or/ire)
1. Pentr! a &es-rie o a-ti!ne -are se repeta in mo& re%!lat0
I go to school every day* - ,erg la scoala in fiecare i*
.o you brush your teeth every day$ - Te speli pe dinti ilnic$
$. Pentr! a eprima !n o/i-ei0
e reads a lot*- El citeste mult*
!he does n/t smo0e*- Ea nu fumeaa*
. Pentr! a eprima !n a&ear %eneral stiintifi- (&e eempl! o le%e a fii-ii)0
Water freees at 1 degrees* - 2pa ingheata la 1 grade*
The Earth spins around the !un*- 3amantul se invarte in 'urul soarelui*
+. Pentr! a re&a o s!--esi!ne &e eenimente s-!rte0
e unloc0s the door) comes in and ta0es off his shoes near the door*
El descuie usa) intra si se descalta langa usa*
2. Pentr! a eprima o a-ti!ne pro%ramata in iitor in spe-ial at!n-i -an& se
spe-ifi-a moment!l pro&!-erii ei0
Your train leaves at t%o o/cloc0* - Trenul tau pleaca la ora doua*
We meet him tonight* - 4e intalnim cu el diseara*
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3. Intr#o propoitie s!/or&onata intro&!sa prin IF sa! UNLESS at!n-i -an&
er/!l &in propoitia prin-ipala este la iitor0
I/ll come if they come* - 5oi veni daca vor veni si ei*
4. '!pa 56en as soon as /efore after intr#o fraa in -are er/!l &in
propoitia prin-ipala este la iitor0
We/ll tell you %hen %e meet again*- Iti vom spune cand ne vom intalni din nou*
7.# 8! er/ele -are eprima !n sentiment love) hate) prefer) li0e) disli0e***#
# -! er/ele -are n! pres!p!n noti!nea &e &!rata seem) %ant) belong)
0no%) mean) %ish#
# si -! er/ele -are re&a! -!intele -!ia say) tell) as0) ans%er#
I li0e movies* - Imi plac filmele*
You seem tired* - 3ari obosit*
What does he mean$ - 6e vrea sa spuna$
Epresii -! -are se foloseste a&esea Preent!l Simpl!0
- every day7 %ee07 month7 year etc*)
- every morning7 evening7 afternoon7 night)- usually) al%ays) sometimes) often) never)
- in the morning7evening7night etc*
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Exemple:
8* e goes to the fitness club every day*
9* I play football every %ee0** We go to the dentist every year*
;* !he %atches T5 every evening*
<* !he usually studies hard for her exams*
=* I al%ays do my home%or0*
>* e sometimes goes shopping*
?* I often play pool %ith my friends*
@* !he never goes to school by bus*
81* In the evening %e play ,onopoly*
II. PREZENTUL 8ONTINUU
(Present 8ontin!o!s Tense)
Preent!l -ontin!! Present Continuous# exprimA) in general) o actiune Bn
desfAsurare Bn momentul vorbirii sau o actiune care nu a fost terminatA la
momentul vorbirii*
2cest timp se formeaa cu a'utorul verbului auxiliar to /e la preent C forma de
baa a verbului C #in% participiu preent#*
Exemple:
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Forma afirmatia0
I am rea&in% an English boo0* - Citesc (acum) o carte de engleza.
!he is 5or9in% in the holiday brea0* - Ea lucreaza in pauza de vacanta.
Forma ne%atia:
!e adauga not dupa forma de preent simplu a auxiliarului to /e*
It is not rainin%* - Nu ploua. (acum)
Forma intero%atia se obtine prin inversiunea auxiliarului to /e (-on:!%at la
preent!l simpl!) cu subiectul*
Are t6e; playing$ - Ei se joaca (acum)?
Is 6e eating$ - El mananca?
8on:!%are
I am %al0ing - Eu ma plimb.
You are %al0ing - Tu te plimbi.
e is %al0ing - El se plimba.
!he is %al0ing - Ea se plimba.
It is %al0ing - Se plimba.
We are %al0ing - Noi ne plimbam
You are %al0ing - Voi va plimbati
They are %al0ing - Ei se plimba.
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Exemple:
The summer is passin% too Duic0ly* - Vara trece prea repede.
ac0 is a-tin% li0e his father* - ac! se poarta ca si tatal lui.
!ome football players are not /ein% good role models* - "nii #otbalisti nu sunt un
bun model.
Is 6e /ein% good to you$* - Este el bun cu tine$ Se poarta el #rumos cu tine?
Preent!l -ontin!! se foloseste pentr! a eprima0
# o a-ti!ne -are se &esfasoara in moment!l or/irii0
Ex* The %ind is blo%ing*% Vantul bate.
It is raining outside* % Ploua a#ara.
- &e asemenea preent!l -ontin!! se foloseste pentr! a &es-rie o ten&inta sa!
a-ti!ne -are a &e/!tat re-ent.
Ex: ,ore and more people are going to church* - &in ce in ce mai multi oameni
merg la biserica.
- o a-ti!ne -are se etin&e pe o perioa&a p!tin mai l!n%a &e timp0
Ex* ulia is reading a novel by .ic0ens* % 'ulia citeste un roman de &ic!ens.
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# o a-ti!ne temporara limitata -are se intampla &oar -! o an!mita o-aie sa!
intr#o an!mita perioa&a &e timp (!e foloseste cu pronumele demosntrativ T<IS#
Ex* I live in 6lu') but this year I am living in Fucharest*
Traiesc in Cluj dar in acest an locuiesc in ucuresti.
# pentr! a &esemna o a-ti!ne -are este planifi-ata pentr! iitor!l ime&iat a
-arei realiare este presta/ilita si -erta0
Ex* The children are going camping today* Copiii merg cu cortul astazi.
To meet the demand for vegetable food) they are planning to expand* G
Pentru a satis#ace cererea de alimente vegetale* ei inten+ioneaz, s, se e-tind,.
ohn is leaving for London next %ee0* - 'on pleaca la ondra saptamana viitoare.
# o a-ti!ne fre-ent repetata s!paratoare &eran:anta (pentr!or/itor"narator sa! pentr! alta persoana) = se foloseste deseori cu
adverbele de frecventa: al5a;s foreer -onstantl;0
Ex* 2nn is al5a;s ma0ing plans %ithout ta0ing into consideration all the
facts* /nn isi #ace mereu planuri #ara sa ia in considerare toate aspectele.
# in propoitii s!/or&onate0
Ex: They %ill go 'ogging %hile the babies are sleeping* Ei vor #ace jogging
cat timp$ in timp ce copiii dorm.
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( Eista o serie &e er/e -are n! se foloses- la Preent 8ontin!!.
2cestea se
impart in urmatoarele categorii:
-5erbe de perceptie: feel 6ear see smell taste
-5erbe de opinie) care exprima o atitudine : ass!me /eliee -onsi&er &o!/t
feel (> a -re&e) fin& (> a -onsi&era) s!ppose t6in9
-5erbe care se refera la perceptie mentala: for%et ima%ine 9no5 mean
noti-e re-o%nie remem/er !n&erstan&
-5erbe care exprima emotii sau chiar dorinte: en; fear &isli9e 6ate 6ope
li9e loe min& prefer re%ret 5ant 5is6
-5erbe folosite pentru masurat: -ontain -ost 6ol& meas!re 5ei%6
-2lte verbe0 loo9 (> a se asemana) seem /e (in ma:oritatea -a!rilor) 6ae
> a pose&a)
Unele &in a-este er/e pot fi folosite la forma -ontin!a &ar isi s-6im/a
sens!l (&e-i n! -! sens!l lor &e /aa)0
Exemple:
-5erbul TO SEE cand inseamna a#si ima%ina a e&ea aieea#:
I thin0 you are seeing things) there is no one in the house* Cred ca iti
imaginezi lucruri* nu e nimeni in casa.
-5erbul TO SMELL cand inseamna a a&!lme-a a mirosi#:
!he is smelling the roses*% Ea miroase tranda#irii.
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-5erbul TO LOO? cand inseamna a se !ita#:
Tom is loo0ing at ,aria*
-5erbul TO ,E cand inseamna a se -omporta#:!he is being rude* Ea se comporta nepoliticos.
@er/e &inami-e si stati-e 0
In general) numai anumite verbe pot fi folosite la aspectul continuu) acestea
numindu-se er/e &inami-e*
2spectul continuu al unui verb arata ca o actiune este) era sau va fi in desfasurare*
+ormele verbale progresive aspectul continuu# se folosesc numai in caul
verbelor dinamice) de miscare) care exprima calitati capabile de schimbare*
- @er/ele &inami-e sunt verbele care exprima:
• o a-tiitate - as!* beg* call* drin!* eat* 0elp* learn* listen* etc.
o I am begging you* - Te rog. (Te implor.)
• pro-ese - c0ange* deteriorate* gro1 mature* slo1 do1n* 1iden.
o The corn is gro%ing rapidly* - Porumbul creste repede (acum
este in crestere).
• per-eptii senoriale - ac0e* #eel* 0urt* itc0
o I am feeling %ell* - 2a simt bine.
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• a-ti!ni tranitie - arrive* die* #all* land* leave* lose
o !he is leaving tomorro%* - Ea pleaca maine.
• a-ti!ni momentane - 0it* jump* !ic!* !noc!* nod* tap
o e is 'umping around the house - El sare (acum) prin casa.
- @er/ele stati-e folosesc forma simpla nu cea continu u#* 2cestea sunt verbele:
• &e per-eptie senatie a-tiitate mentala: ab0or* adore* astonis0*
believe* desire* detest* disli!e* doubt* #eel* #orgive* guess* 0ate* 0ear*
imagine* impress* intend* !no1* li!e* love etc.
o I love fruits* - 'ubesc (ador) #ructele.
• &e relatie si posesie: be* belong to* concern* consist o#* contain* cost*
depend on* deserve* e3ual* o1e etc.
o ,y brother o%es me a boo0* - 4ratele meu imi datoreaa o
carte.
'e retin! t0
--H Imaginati-va diferenta de inteles dintre verbele statice si cele dinamice prin
prisma intentiei verbele statice exprima calitati neintentionate) pe cand cele
dinamice calitati intentionate*
T%o plus t%o e!als four* - &oi plus doi este egal cu patru.
ane is leain% for Fucharest* - ane pleaca spre ucuresti.
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BE!alsC (to e!al) este un verb static si nu poate lua o forma continua nu exista
optiune sau intentie in acest ca*
BIs leain%C (to leae) exprima optiunea si intentia subiectului de a efectua
actiunea respectiva*
-- D 5erbul to 6ae nu se foloseste niciodata in aspectul continuu atunci cand are
sensul de "a su#eri de"*
Ex: I 6ae influena* - Su#ar de (am) gripa.e 6as fever* El are (su#era de) #ebra.
!e foloseste la aspectul continuu atunci cand are intelesul de "a angaja pe cineva
pentru o actiune" (atunci cand se apeleaza la servicii e-terne* la personal
specializat pentru a realiza o anumita activitate)*
.e ex: I am 6ain% my car repaired7 fixed* J The mechanic repairs my car*#
I am 6ain% my living room painted* JThe painter paints the living room*#
I am 6ain% my hair cut* JThe hair-dresser cuts my hair*#
I/m 6ain% my home%or0 done on Wednesday* - 'mi termin tema miercuri.
To 6ae se mai foloseste la aspectul continuu atunci cand are sensul de
"e-perienta"*
Ex: You are 6ain% a lot of 'oy %ith this tas0* G
5 sa iti placa mult$ 5 sa te bucure mult sa lucrezi la acest tas!.
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Nota ,enne0
N! se sp!ne0
%67e is being tall6 sau
%67e is resembling 0is mot0er6 sau
%6' am 1anting spag0etti #or dinner6.
8ore-t este0
-"e is tall" El e inalt #)
-"e resembles his mother" El seamana cu mama lui#)
- "I %ant spaghetti" Vreau spag0ete#*
Atentie0 !loganul publicitar BM-'onal&s # Im loin% itC NU este -ore-t
&in p!n-t &e e&ere %ramati-al tocmai din motivele preentate mai sus data
fiind restrictia verbului TO GANT de a fi folosit la aspectul continuu) fiind verb
static) senorial#) 'AR este constituit si se utilieaa la acest mod din ratiuni de
mar0eting*