COLECIA DE MAINI PENTRU PRELUCRAREA PRIMARA CEREALELORCerealele fac parte din familia Gramineae i Polygonaceae. Familia Gramineae cuprinde:grul, porumbul, secara, orzul, ovzul, orezul, meiul, sorgul, iar din familia Polygonaceae faceparterica. !atoritcon"inutului ridicat deamidon, cerealelepoartdenumireadeproduseagricole amidonoase. Cerealele se cultiv pentru semin"e i paie. #ub diferite grade de prelucrare,semin"ele se utilizeaz $n alimenta"ia omului i, ca fura%, $n rana animalelor. Paiele se utilizeazca materie prim pentru fabricarea fibrelor. #emin"ele de cereale au o structur anatomic apro&imativ asemntoare. 'obul de gruare form de cariops, care, la ma%oritatea speciilor iese la treierat din $nveliul floral. #emin"elediferitelor specii i variet"i degru, sedeosebescprinforma, culoarea, mrimeai aspectulsuprafe"ei lor.'obuldegruesteunfructformat dinurmtoarelepr"i anatomiceprincipale:$nveliul fructului sau pericarp i smn"a. #mn"a este format din $nveliul seminal i stratulpigmentat, stratul nucelar, endosperm i embrion. (pera"iile de prelucrare primar a semin"elor de cereale aveau un rol deosebit deimportant $npregtireaprodusului pentrudiversedestina"ii ulterioare, deoareceprocentul deimpurit"i, semin"e ale unor culturi strine sau sprturi ale semin"elor culturii de baz, con"inut $nmasa de produse agricole recoltat cu batoza, a%ungea la valori destul de $nsemnate, iar proceselede cretere a purit"ii produselor agricole difer $n func"ie de natura lor i de destina"ia pe careacesteaocaptduprecoltare)pstrare, consum, industrializare, comercializare, material de$nsmn"are etc.*. +ceste opera"ii aveau ca scop eliminarea impurit"ilor de orice natur, creareaunor condi"ii mai bune de pstrare, precum i o reducere a volumului la transport i depozitare. Patrimoniul tenicagricol al ,uzeului +griculturii cuprindeurmtoarelecategorii demaini: 'atozemanualedetreierat )-piese*.alefirmelor#+,/0+G123,+1!342G23/#4'456 7nturtori )88piese* / ale firmelor #42'/9+#:21/342G23/#4'45, ;. '+923 piese*6 :octori de nutre")@ piese* / produse alefirmelor 5,3+:= +#P(A P3+=+, 5?412A2 !2 F423 32B4C+, ,(3+74+.+drian #:3(2, muzeografTHE COLLECTION OF MACHINERIES FOR GRAINS PRIMARY PROCESSINGCerealsarepartof tefamilyGramineaeandPolygonaceae. :eGramineaefamilyincludes: Deat, corn, rye, barley, oat, rice, millet, sorgum, and part of te Polygonaceae familyisbucEDeat. !ue toteigstarccontent,cereals arecalledstarcyagriculturalproducts.Cereals are groDn for seeds and straDs. 5nder different degrees of processing actions, te seedsare used inumannutrition, and as fodder for feeding te animals. :e straDsare usedas raDmaterial for te manufacture of fibres.Cereal grainsaveappro&imatelytesameanatomical structure. :eDeat grainissaped in te form of caryopsis, Dic atmost species comesoutof teir floralcoating duringtresing. :e seeds of tese different species and various types of Deat differ in sape, colourand size, and teir surface appearance. :e Deat grain is a fruit consisting of te folloDing mainanatomical parts: te coating of te fruit, or pericarp, and te seed. :e seed consists of a semenusE and a pigmented layer, a nucelar layer, te endosperm and an embryo. :eprimaryprocessingoperations regardingcereal grains adanimportant roleinpreparingteproductforfurtervarious destinations, tis is because of tepercentage ofimpurities, seeds belonging to oter foreign cultures or broEen grains of te basic crop, containedinte mass ofagricultural productsarvestedDit tetreser, Dould reacFuite significantvalues, and te processes for increasing te purity of te agricultural products vary depending onteirnature andte destinationacFuiredafter te arvesting )storage, consumption,industrialization,marEeting,planting, etc.*.:eseoperationsDereaimingforteremoval ofimpurities of any Eind, to create better conditions for storage and an abatement in te volume ofteir transportation and storage.:e tecnical agricultural patrimony belonging to te ,useum of +griculture includes tefolloDingcategories ofmacines: manually operated tresing macines)- pieces* .manufacturedby#+,/0+G123,+1!342G23/#4'456DinnoDingmacines)88pieces*.manufactured by #42'/9+#:21/342G23/#4'45, ;. '+923 pieces*6 forage copper macines )@ pieces* . manufactured by5,3+:= +#P(A P3+=+, 5?412A2 !2 F423 32B4C+, ,(3+74+.BATOZMANUAL(MAINDEMBLTIT)-,ainagricolmanualfolositpentrudesprindereaboabelordinspiceledegru. #ecompunedin:manivel, volant, arbore, angrena% dero"idin"ate, tobcucuie,contrabttor, gurdealimentare, gurdeevacuare, corpul mainii, ro"i desus"inere. Provenien": Cernat, %ud.Covasna. !atare: 8G-H/8G-I. Productor: +1! 342G23, #ibiu. !imensiuni: A / 8@H cm, l / 8JK cm, = / 8KH cm.MANUALLY OPERATED THRESHER (THE FLAIL MOWER). ,anually operated agriculturalmacineused for removing te grains from te ears of Deat. 4t consists of: and cranE, flyDeel, saft, sprocEet gear, drumDit pegs,concave,feed inlet, feed outlet, te body of te macine, supporting Deels. (rigin: Cernat, Covasnacounty. !ated: 8G-H . 8G-I. ,anufacturer: +1! 342G23, #ibiu. !imensions: lengt . 8@H cm, Didt . 8JK cm,eigt . 8KH cm. !NTURTOARE (DOBIRO" MOAR PENTRU !NTURAT) -(biect de uz gospodresc utilizat lavnturatul boabelor de cereale. 2ste construit $n totalitate din lemn i se compune din: cutia cu palete pentru vnt,coada, picioare de spri%in, co alimentare, ro"i din"ate )ro"i cu msele*. Provenien": Pomi, %ud. #atu ,are. !atare:IL> sec. MM. !imensiuni: A / IKH cm, l / 8>H cm, = / 8-H cm. WINNOWINGMACHINE(DOBIRO"## WINNOWINGMILL)$=ouseolditemusedtofannercerealgrains. 4t is made entirely of Dood and it consists of: bo& Dit Dind blades, tail, supporting legs, supplying basEet,sprocEet gear )Deels Dit fangs*. (rigin: Pomi, #atu ,are county. !ated: IL> of te tDentiet century. !imensions:lengt . IKH cm, Didt . 8>H cm, eigt . 8-H cm. TOCTOARE DE NUTRE / ,ain manual cu %geab de alimentare, ac"ionat prin manivel i angrena%e, cumecanismdetiereculame, folositpentrutiereafura%elor fibroase, $nvedereafolosirii laranaanimalelor.Provenien": !ridu, %ud. 4alomi"a. !atare: IL> sec. MM. Productor: '+C=23/3 ,2A4C=+3 F. / '5!+P2#:+,51G+34+. !imensiuni: A / 8@I cm, l / 8II cm, = / 8IN cm.FORAGE CHOPPER MACHINE - ,anually operated macine aving a supplying mill troug, set in motion by aand cranE and gearings, Dit a cutting blades mecanism, used for copping fibres forages for animal feeding. .(rigin:!ridu, 4alomi"acounty. !ated: IL> of te tDentiet century. ,anufacturer:'+C=23/3 ,2A4C=+3 F. .'5!+P2#:. !imensions: lengt . 8@I cm, Didt . 8II cm, eigt . 8INK cm. MOAR PENTRU PSAT - (biect de uz casnic, folosit la prepararea psatului, compus dintr/un cadru de lemn pecare sunt montate: coul mare $n care se afl o piatr mobil i una fi&, angrena%ul i manivela de antrenare a pietreimobile, coul de alimentare al pietrelor. Provenien": Pomi, %ud. #atu ,are. !atare: IL> sec. MM. !imensiuni: A / 8>Kcm, l / 88H cm, = / 8NK cm. MILLET GRINDING MILL- =ouseold item used for preparing te grinded millet, consists of a DoodenframeDic as te folloDing mounted on it: te big basEet in Dic tere is a movable stone and a stationary one, tedriving gear and te and cranE of te movable stone, te supplying basEet for te stones. (rigin: Pomi, #atu ,arecounty. !ated: IL> of te tDentiet century. !imensions: lengt . 8>K cm, Didt . 88H cm, eigt . 8NK cm. !NTURTOARE -,ain agricol ac"ionat manual,destinat separrii impurit"ilor pe principiul vitezei deplutire, format din: corp, co de alimentare, mecanism de antrenare, ventilator, gur de evacuare. :ipul de main afost rspndit $n toat 3omnia. Provenien": 3nov, %ud. 'raov.!atare: IL> sec. MM. Productor: ;.'+923O#,+nglia. !imensiuni: A / 8NH cm, l /8IH cm, = / 8KK cm. WINNOWING MACHINE . ,anually operated agricultural macine, designed for separating impurities based onte floating speed principle, it consists of a body, supplying basEet, driving mecanism, fan, feed outlet. :is type ofmacine Das very popular all over 3omania.(rigin:3nov, 'raovcounty. !ated: IL> of te tDentiet century.,anufacturer: ;.'+923O#, Great 'ritain. !imensions: lengt . 8NH cm, Didt . 8IH cm, eigt . 8KK cm. MAIN DE BTUT PORUMB (MACHIN) -,ain manual cu dou guri de alimentare, ac"ionat prinmanivel i angrena%e,cu mecanism conic randalinat, folosit pentru cur"atul boabelor de porumb de pe tiule"i.Provenien": 7rancea. !atare: IL> sec. MM. Productor: +1! 342G23 #4'45. !imensiuni: A / 8IK cm, l / 8HK cm,= / 8I@ cm. CORN DECOBBING MACHINE (%%MACHIN) - ,anually operated macine aving tDo feed inlets, set inmotion by a and cranE and gearings, cone/saped Enurled mecanism used for te removal of te corn grains fromte corn cob. (rigin: 7rancea !ated: IL> of te tDentiet century. ,anufacturer: +1! 342G23 #4'45. !imensions:lengt . 8IK cm, Didt . 8HK cm, eigt . 8I@ cm.