Manag.ciclu.viata.produs.curs

7/30/2019 Manag.ciclu.viata.produs.curs

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DFMDesign for Manufacturingincorporating design features that make themanufacturing easier, cheaper and/or faster.Proiectarea pentru fabricaie este arta de inginerie generala de proiectare a

produselor. ntr-un limbaj simplunseamno relativ uurin pentru fabricarea unuiprodus, reper sau ansamblu.Etapa de proiectare este foarte importanta n realizarea produsului. Cele mai multedin costurile ciclului de via ale produsului sunt comise la faza de proiectare. Deobicei, un inginer de design va crea un model sau desen i-l va trimite la fabricaiepentru reexaminare i feedback. Acest proces este numit ca revizuirea proiectarii.Dac acest proces nu este urmat cu srguin, produsul poate eua n faza defabricaie, va conduce la proiectarea iterativ, pierdere de timp de fabricaie.

Initial sniff test - testarea initialaEvaluating the product to see if it makes sense. May have internal or external

evaluations.

BenchmarkingComparing one product or service to another product or service, which is thestandard in its industry

TRIZTheory of Inventive Problem Solvinga methodology for generating ideasfor new systems or refining old systems

Pugh analysis

A decision-making method of comparing multiple options against multiple criteria

Focus groupA group of people gathered by marketing departments to seek opinions about aproduct or service design, ad, packaging, etc.

Scorecard - fisa de punctajO colectie de msurtori despre un produs sau serviciu care urmaresccomportamentul su, performana sau alte caracteristici importante.

VOCVoice of the Customerprocess of determining the customers desires and needsby asking them

VOC analysis,ad-hoc VOC analysisVoice of the Customerprocess of determining the customers desires and needs byasking them

QFDQuality Function Deploymenta group decision-making process that converts theVOC to product features and engineering characteristics with priorities and targets


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Product architectureThe overall design of the product, including interfaces with other products or systems,incorporation of planned and future options and future extensions of the product line.Frequently results in creation of modules and submodules.

BOMBill of Materialsthe list of subassemblies, parts and raw materials that are part ofan assembly, including the quantity required of eachRisk buys Early purchase oflong-lead, low-risk items prior to completion of design 3

Phase in / Phase outThe planning of the new product introduction and old product obsolescence

Cross-functional teamUsing internal or external people from different disciplines within a company.Typically includes engineering, manufacturing, sales, marketing, finance,

service and quality.

Change managementThe techniques for tracking and controlling changes to the product. May usedifferent techniques in the design and manufacturing phases.

Risk analysisIdentification of those areas of the product and its development, which could have anegative impact on cost or schedule. See DFMEA and PFMEA.

Team colocation

Locating members of the cross-functional team in the same physical room toimprove the interactions.

DFMEA, FMEA(Design) Failure Mode and Effects Analysisa method of identifyingpotential failures in a product or process during the design phase andassessing their effects on the overall product or process. See also RiskAnalysis.

DOEDesign of Experimentsa method of gathering information about a productor process that has variation

DFMADesign for Manufacturing and AssemblyIncorporarea caracteristicilor de design care pot face fabricaia i montajul simplu, mai ieftini / sau mai rapid.

DFR

Design for Reliabilityincorporating design features, which improves a products long-term reliability


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DFR Solutions works with companies and individuals throughout the life cycle of aproduct, lending a guiding hand that allows you to focus on creativity and ideas. Ourexpertise in electronics can provide crucial insights and solutions early in productdesign, throughout manufacturing, and even into the field

Chicken testUn test critic folosit pentru a determina comportamentul unui produs sau proces ncondiiile sale cele mai vulnerabile. Numit dup testulfolosit de NASA pentru a simulao pasre lovind un motor de avion.

ECRBEngineering Change Review Boarda formal meeting involving representatives from different departments to discuss aproposed change to a product or document.

Risk mitigationReducerea riscurilorMsurile luate pentru a minimiza efectele unor evenimente negative cum ar fintrzieri n program, ne-funcionare, etc . Se poate face in avans sau, dup care areloc evenimentul.

Gage R&R testingTestele de precizie a unui sistem de msurare prin masurarea variabilitatii acestuia.Implicrepetabilitatea i reproductibilitatea de piese, scule, metoda i specificaii.

Beta testPrimul test al produsului n afara companiei. Frecvent facut cu unclient-cheie care va oferi un feedback important pentru echipa de produs.

ERPEnterprise Resource Planninga system that integrates all of a companysdata and processes (manufacturing, payroll, accounting, etc.) into a singlesoftware package.

MRP

Manufacturing Resource Planninga method of planning the needs of all ofthe resources of a company

Process MAPSA description, frequently graphical, defining the steps taken for a given process orprocesses. Also includes responsible people and measures of success.

Post-mortem reviewsO verificare formal a produsului, serviciului i a proceselordesfurate nn curs de dezvoltare a produsului sau serviciului dup ce produsul sau serviciul estelansat.


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Real-time monitoringThe process of monitoring the performance of a product or service in realtime after it is launched.

Transition / Migration plan

Un plan pentru deplasarea clienilor de la produsul care se uzeaza moral, spre un altprodus al companiei

Portfolio simplificationA reduction of the many variants of a product to reduce the number ofdifferent products produced

Preliminary obsolescence planPlan preliminar de de uzur moralPlanul preliminar de uzur moral a produsului sau serviciului prin declanareaunortranziii cunoscute componente

Business Plan / Marketing StrategyThe customer business plan and marketing strategy will set the framework for theproduct quality plan.The business plan may place constraints (for example, timing, cost, investment,product positioning, research and development (R&D) resources) on the team thataffect the direction taken.The marketing strategy will define the target customer, the key sales points and keycompetitors.

Design Goals

Design goals are a translation of the voice of the customer (VOC) into tentative andmeasurable design objectives.

Preliminary Bill of MaterialThe team should establish a preliminary bill of material based on product/processassumptions and include an early subcontractor list. To identify the preliminaryspecial product/process characteristics, it is necessary to have selected theappropriate design and manufacturing process.

Preliminary Process Flow Chart

The anticipated manufacturing process should be described using a process flowchart developed from the preliminary bill of material (BOM) and product/processassumptions.

Reliability and Quality GoalsReliability goals are established based on customer wants and expectations, programobjectives and reliability benchmarksOverall reliability goals should be expressedin terms of probability and confidence limits. Quality goals are targets based oncontinual improvement .

Product Assurance Plan

The product assurance plan translates design goals into design requirements. (It)should include, but is not limited to, the following actions:


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Outlining of program requirements Identification of reliability, durability and apportionment/allocation goals and/orrequirements Assessment of new technology, complexity, materials, application, environment,packaging, service

and manufacturing requirements, or any other factor that may place the program atrisk Development of failure mode analysis (FMA) Development of preliminary engineering standards requirementsThe product assurance plan is an important part of the product quality plan [3].

Management SupportThis is an APQP deliverable, which emphasizes that internally, the company shouldinform and renew management support at least at the conclusion of every phase ofproduct quality planning .

Design for Manufacturability and AssemblyDesign for manufacturability and assembly is a simultaneous engineering processdesigned to optimize the relationship between design function, manufacturability andease of assemblyAt a minimum, the items listed here should be considered by theproduct quality planning team : Design, concept, function and sensitivity to manufacturing variation Manufacturing and/or assembly process Dimensional tolerances Performance requirements Number of components Process adjustments Materials handling

Design ReviewsDesign reviews are regularly scheduled meetings led by the suppliers designengineering activity and must include other affected areasA major function ofdesign reviews is the tracking of design verification progress .

Prototype Build Control PlanPrototype control plans are a description of the dimensional measurements andmaterial and functional tests that will occur during prototype buildAll prototypes that

are the product quality planning teams responsibility should be reviewed to: Assure that the product or service meets specification and report data as required Ensure that particular attention has been given to special product and processcharacteristics Use data and experience to establish preliminary process parameters andpackaging requirements Communicate any concerns, deviations and/or cost impact to the customer

Prototype BuildThe term prototype does not have a standard definition, and each company has aslightly different perspective on its meaning. In general, the prototype is built to

generate a physical property for engineering testing. Almost always, the prototype isnot built using production tooling and equipment, so it serves limited (but still useful)


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manufacturing learning. If the prototype is being built for use by a customer who isvalidating their own product, it is very important that the prototype meets specificationand is in compliance with the prototype build control plan.

Engineering Drawings (including Math Data)

Engineering drawings are representation of the product and processes as drawings,math data or other means. Engineering drawings may include special (governmentalregulatory and safety) characteristics that must be shown on the control plan.

Engineering SpecificationsEngineering specifications include the controlling specifications that identify theparameters for functionality, durability and appearance of the subject product. In theengineering test section of a specification, there will be included acceptance criteriaof these parameters of the product.

ECO (Engineering Change Order)

This is a document that initiates engineering to change drawings or specifications fora part. Some companies use other terms such as ECR (engineering change request).Companies often have to maintain a rigorous tracking of their changes through aconfiguration management activity.

Packaging StandardsThe customer will usually have packaging standards that should be incorporated intoany packaging specifications for the product. If none are provided, the packagingdesign should ensure product integrity at point of use .

Floor-Plan Layout

The floor plan should be developed and reviewed to determine the acceptability ofinspection points, control chart location, applicability of visual aids, interim repairstations and storage areas to contain defective material. All material flow should bekeyed to the process flow chart and control plan .

Process Flow ChartsThe process flow chart is a schematic representation of the current or proposedprocess flow. It can be used to analyze sources of variations of machines, materials,methods and manpower from the beginning to end of a manufacturing or assemblyprocess. It is used to emphasize the impact of sources of variation on the process .

New Equipment, Tooling and Facilities RequirementsThe DFMEA, product assurance plan and/or design reviews may identify newequipment and facilities requirements. (Activities must be in place to) assure that thenew equipment and tooling is capable and delivered on time .

Process FMEAA PFMEA should be conducted during product quality planning and before beginningproduction. It is a disciplined review and analysis of a new/revised process and isconducted to anticipate, resolve or monitor potential process problems for a new/revised product program. A PFMEA is a living document and needs to be reviewed

and updated as new failure modes are discovered .


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Design VerificationDesign verification verifies that the product design meets the customer requirementsderived from the activities (plan and define program) .

Process Instructions

process instructions provide sufficient detail for all operating personnel who havedirect responsibility for the operation of the processes. These instructions should bedeveloped from the following sources : FMEAs Control plan(s) Engineering drawings, performance specifications, material specifications, visualstandards andindustry standards Process flowchart Floor-plan layout Characteristics matrix

Packaging standards Process parameters Producer expertise and knowledge of the processes and products Handling requirements Operators of the process

Pre-Launch Control Plan:A description of the dimensional measurements and material and functional test thatwill occur after prototype and before full production. The pre-launch control planshould include additional product/process controls to be implemented until theproduction process is validated. The purpose of the pre-launch control plan is tocontain potential nonconformances during or prior to initial production runs

Pilot RunThe term pilot does not have a standard definition, and each company has a slightlydifferent perspective on its meaning. In general, the pilot is built to generate furtherphysical properties for engineering testing.If the pilot is built on production tooling, it can serve as a manufacturing validationactivity where process capability is assessed. Because most companies do not buildtheir pilot builds at production rate, with production operators or at production rate,they would not be acceptable for use as final production validation activity, which

happens during the production trial run.Preliminary Process Capability StudyThe characteristics identified in the control plan will serve as the basis for thepreliminary process capability study plan .

Packaging EvaluationCustomer packaging standards or generic packaging requirements should be usedwhen appropriate. In all cases, the packaging design must assure that the productperformance and characteristics will remain unchanged during packing, transit andunpacking. The packaging should have compatibility with all material handling

equipment, including robots.


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Comercialization / SustainingTooling and Equipment Repair/RebuildSometimes, manufacturing tooling and equipment needs to be repaired or rebuilt.When this happens, certain rigorous steps are required to revalidate the repair and

assure that the parts made from the repaired tooling and equipment does notadversely affect downstream operations.

Production Part ApprovalIf the product customer is another manufacturer who requires the use of theproduction part approval process, a new production part approval must be soughtonce the manufacturing equipment or tooling is repaired, rebuilt or remanufactured

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