Istoric Neurostiinte

7/24/2019 Istoric Neurostiinte

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Neurotiine: Istoric

Prof. Univ. Dr. Andrei C. Miu

2015-2016


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tructur! cursu"ui #I$ote%! creieru"ui&

'oc!"i%!re! funciei

#I$ote%! neuronu"ui&

Activit!te! e"ectric( in!$s! i #i$ote%! c)i*ic(&

De%vo"t!re! siste*u"ui nervos Neuro$"!sticit!te!


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#I$ote%! creieru"ui& Ce or+!n !re "e+(tur( cu suf"etu",

1 Ini*!: /*$edoc"e din Acr!+!s sec. .r.2 Creieru": A"c*eon din Crotone sec. I .r.3

-. . . 3 . . .Ar+u*ente"e "ui 4!"en: tr!u*!tis*e"e cerer!"e

!fecte!%( co*$ort!*entu" nervii de "! or+!ne*er+ c(tre creier3 nu c(tre ini*(

Pers$ectiv(: ventricu"ii $"ini cu "ic)id sunteseni!"i3 i!r esutu" din 7uru" "or !re ro" desusinere


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I Perce$ieII 8!iune!III Me*orie

9. /. einer+ ; M.


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Inter!ciune! suf"et-cor$ Aristote" sec. I .r.:psych nu e *!teri!"3 d!r

este de$endent de cor$ #De !ni*!&psych coordone!%( $erce$ii"e3 r!iune! i e*oii"e$rin inter*ediu" ini*ii

-cor$u" r(s$unde ref"e3 c! $($ui"e *ec!nicesuf"etu" $o!te contro"! !ceste ref"ee $rin inter*ediu"

+"!ndei )i$ofi%e

)i$ofi%!: structur( unic(3 c!re nu e co*$us( din dou( $(risi*etrice "oc!"i%!t( !$ro!$e de ventricu"i crede! c( es$ecific u*!n(

$re%en! suf"etu"ui e indic!t( de "i*!7 i r!iune


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Rspuns reflex al corpului, n

concepia lui Descartes

(Trait de lhomme, 1!"

"!c(r! deter*in( retr!+ere!unui nerv i e"ier!re!"ic)idu"ui ventricu"!r $rintr-un$or "ic)idu" cur+e $rin nerv ideter*in( retr!+ere!

$icioru"ui3 nto!rcere! c!$u"uii nde$(rt!re! cor$u"ui def"!c(r(


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Pro+rese n neuro!n!to*ie 9)o*!s Bi""is3 #Cereri !n!to*e& 166

descriere !n!to*ic( ! creieru"ui3 v!se"or de sn+e dee.3 $o"i+onu" "ui Bi""is i nervi"or cr!nieni#de*onstr!ie ocu"!r(&3 nu s$ecu"!ie s!u o$inii"e

!"tor!

!ctivit!te! creieru"ui i nervi"or nu $o!te fi v(%ut(3 de!cee! nu se ocu$( de e!

A"te contriuii

ter*eni noi: neuro"o+ie nerv v!+ co*isur!!nterio!r( etc.descrie e$i"e$si! c! un soi de e$"o%ie ! !ctivit(ii

creieru"ui i distin+e cri%e"e foc!"e i +ener!"i%!te


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Bi""is3 9. 166. Cerebri anatome, cui accessit nervorum descriptio et usus.


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'oc!"i%!re! funciei

#I$ote%! neuronu"ui&




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'oc!"i%!re! funciei r!n%


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reno"o+i!4!"" ; $ur%)ei* cc!. 1F10

D!c( o funcie este fo"osit( *!i *u"t3 %on! decorte c!re se ocu$( de !ce! funcie v! crete

reno"o+ie: studiu" re"!iei dintre defor*(ri"ecr!niu"ui i de%vo"t!re! f!cu"t(i"or *int!"e

Cr!niosco$ie *etod! !rt( freno"o+ic( cu >2 de f!cu"t(i *int!"e


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H. o"3 ; I. J. Bis)!K 200L. und!*ent!"s of )u*!n neuro$sEc)o"o+E.

Bort) Pu"is)ers3 NeK or.


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/c)i$oteni!"it!te! cortic!"( Ac!de*i! de Otiine din P!ris cere test!re!

teoriei freno"o+ice M!rie-


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/c)i$oteni!"it!te! cortic!"( cont."ourens cc!. 1F2>

Nici o !rie cerer!"( nu se !soci!%( cu*e*ori! i !"te $rocese co+nitive

Aceste $rocese sunt istri uite i u% n creieri i*$"ic( to!te re+iuni"e cerer!"e

'oc!"i%!ionis*u" ! fost res$ins3 $e *o*ent


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orire! i e*isfer! stn+( C!%uri de "e%iuni n e*isfer! stn+(3

)e*i$"e+ie dre!$t( i deficite de vorire!f!%ie *otorie:

C!% $re%ent!t de /rnest Auertin3 "! o nt"nire! ociet(ii Antro$o"o+ice din P!ris 1F61

C!% cu cr!nioto*ie front!"(: !$(s!re! cu s$!tu"!$e "ou" front!" duce "! ntreru$ere! voririi3 f(r($ierdere! contiinei


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C!%u" #9!n& 'eor+ne P!cient cu e$i"e$sie3 c!re sufere! de !f!%ie

*otorie P!u" Hroc! " invit( $e Auertin s( " e!*ine%e

1F61

Auto$si! $une n eviden( o "e%iune front!"( >n e*isfer! stn+(

A" doi"e! c!% 1F61: 'e"on+3 F de !ni

P(n( n 1F6>3 descrie !"te o$t c!%uri si*i"!re orire! este "oc!"i%!t( i "!ter!"i%!t(


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A Ari! Hroc!3 n

$!rte! $osterio!r( !+irusu"ui front!"inferior >

H oto+r!fie ! e*isferei stn+i !$!cientu"ui 'eor+ne

o" ; B)is)!K3 200L


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Conectivit!te! C!r" Bernice cc!. 1F descrie un c!% de

"e%iune ntr-o re+iune !$ro$i!t( de corteu"!uditiv3 !soci!t( cu deficite de ne"e+ere !voririi !f!%ie sen%ori!"( i vorire f"uent(3 d!r

'i*!7u" $resu$une coneiune! dintre dou( !riicortic!"e cu funcii diferite:

!ri! n c!re sunete"e c!$(t( sens Bernice!ri! c!re contro"e!%( *uc)ii i*$"ic!i n vorireHroc!


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KKK.studE"ue.co*


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'oc!"i%!re! funciei #I$ote%! neuronu"ui&




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#I$ote%! neuronu"ui& M!tt)i!s


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la reazione nera rete nervosa diusa


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#I$ote%! neuronu"ui& cont. ridt7of N!nsen 1FF6 !$"ic( $rintre $ri*ii

*etod! !r+entic( Bi")e"* is 1FF6 oserv( s$!ii ntre neuronii

din esutu" e*rion!r-

de+ener!re! se o$rete "! "i*it! ce"u"e"or 4)eor+)e M!rinescu studi!%( de+ener!re! i

re+ener!re! neuroni"or din nervi i +!n+"ioni

du$( "e%iuni i tr!ns$"!nt!re 1L0L einric) Bi")e"* 4ottfried von B!"deEer-!rt%

1FL1 introduce denu*ire! de #neuron&


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!nti!+o 8!*Qn E C!7!" C!7!" !f"( de *etod! "ui 4o"+i cc!. 1FF

eciuni $rin creieru" e*rionu"ui de $!s(re3n diferite f!%e de de%vo"t!re

# 9etur! e siste*! nervioso e o* re E"os verter!dos& 1FLL-1L0

'e+e! $o"!ri%(rii din!*ice

Desco$er( s$inii dendritici i conu" de cretere


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De e"i$e 2015. !rontiers in Neuroanatomy3 vo". L


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)tt$:RRi*!+e.sciencenet.cnRo"dd!t!Reue.co*.cnRu$"o!dR"o+Rfi"eR2010R10R2010101216>

10>152F.$df

SGur novice runs t)e ris of f!i"ure Kit)out!ddition!" tr!its: ! stron+ inc"in!tion toK!rdori+in!"itE3 ! t!ste for rese!rc)3 !nd ! desire toe$erience t)e inco*$!r!"e +r!tific!tion!ssoci!ted Kit) t)e !ct of discoverE itse"f.&


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De%vo"t!re! siste*u"ui nervos

Neuro$"!sticit!te!


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Activit!te! e"ectric( 'ui+i 4!"v!ni sec. @III: sti*u"!re! e"ectric( !

nervu"ui deter*in( contr!ci! *uc)iu"ui /$eri*entu" "ui 4ust!v 9)eodor ritsc) i

/du!rd it%i cc!. 1F0 : sti*u"!re! e"ectric(

! corteu"ui front!" deter*in( contr!ci!*uc)i"or corteu" e ecit!i"/cit!i"it!te se"ectiv(: corteu" front!"3 nu i ce"

$!riet!"/cit!i"it!te or+!ni%!t( to$o+r!fic


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8e$re%ent!re! to$o+r!fic( !*uc)i"or "! nive"u" corteu"uifront!"3 confor* e$eri*entu"ui "ui

ritsc) i it%i+ 1F0

o" ; B)is)!K3 200L


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Neuro$"!sticit!te!


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in!$s! C)!r"es )errin+ton

"!ten! ref"eu"ui de f"eiune ! *e*ru"ui "!sti*u"!re! $"!ntei T vite%! de conducere $rin nerv

introduce ter*enu" de #sin!$s(& 1FL

Pri*e"e oserv!ii !"e sin!$sei: 4eor+e /*i"

P!"!de ; i*on P!"!E 1L53 n $!r!"e" cu De8oertis ; Hennett 1L55


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#I$ote%! c)i*ic(& /$eri*entu" "ui Gtto 'oeKi: nervu" v!+ c!re

inerve!%( ini*! e"iere!%( o sust!n(in)iito!re #sust!n! v!+u"ui& s!u

3

1L21


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c)i! e$eri*entu"ui sus i nre+istr(ri"e !ctivit(ii ini*ii 7os3 re!"i%!te de Gtto 'oeKi)tt$s:RRen.Kii$edi!.or+RKiiR!+usstoff


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#I$ote%! c)i*ic(& /$eri*entu" "ui Gtto 'oeKi: nervu" v!+ c!re

inerve!%( ini*! e"iere!%( o sust!n(in)iito!re #sust!n! v!+u"ui& s!u vagusto3c!re reduce frecven ! c!rdi!c( 1L21

enrE D!"e descrie structur! c)i*ic( i !ciune!!ceti"co"inei 1L1

D!"e !r!t( c( sunt nervi c!re e"iere!%(!cetico"in( i nervi c!re e"iere!%( !dren!"in(1L>


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Neuro$"!sticit!te!


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De%vo"t!re! siste*u"ui nervos uncion!re! creieru"ui de$inde de cu* se

for*e!%( coneiuni"e C!7!": conu" de cretere este !tr!s de o

c)e*ot!ie


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Conu" de cretere !" unui neuron)tt$:RRKKK.io.*i!*i.eduRtosneERi*!+esR8eso*/M+c.7$+


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De%vo"t!re! siste*u"ui nervos uncion!re! creieru"ui de$inde de cu* se

for*e!%( coneiuni"e C!7!": conu" de cretere este !tr!s de osust!n ( c)i*ic( e"ier!t( de un !"t neuron

c)e*ot!ie P!u" Beiss: ur*e!%( $!siv tr!see desc)ise

+)id!re *ec!nic(

8o+er B. $errE: i$ote%! c)e*o!finit(ii1L6>


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Pine"3


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!ctorii de cretere itor !*ur+er 1L>: etir$!re! unui *e*ru "!

e*rionu" de $!s(re "oc)e!%( de%vo"t!re! nervu"ui

Neuronii nu se *!i difereni!%( s!u *or, 'ucrnd cu !*ur+er3 8it! 'evi-Mont!"cini oserv( c(

neuronii de+enere!%( 1L50 -

fi inerv!t ti*u"!re! creterii nervu"ui n $re%en! unor tu*ori

s!rco* /fecte si*i"!re !"e veninu"ui de !r$e su+ere!%( c( +"!nde"e

s!"iv!re !r fi o surs( $entru !cest f!ctor /ste i%o"!t f!ctoru" de cretere !" nervi"or en+".3 nerve

gro"th actor3 N4 cc!. 1L60


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Cu"tur( de neuroni de "! e*rionu" de $!s(re crescut( n!sen! s!u n $re%en! N4.

'evi-Mont!"cini 1L6. cience3 >3 105-110.


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Rita #e$i%&ontalcini (1''%)1)"

)tt$:RRKKK.n!ture.co*RneKsR200LR0L001R$dfR5F56!.$df


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Neuro$"!sticit!te!


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Neuro$"!sticit!te! Bi""i!*

/u+enio 9!n%i 1FL>: nv(!re! se !%e!%( $e )i$ertrofi!neuroni"or i reducere! dist!nei dintre !ceti! /rnesto 'u+!ro 1FLF: neuro$"!sticit!te! !soci!t( cu

'ucrnd cu M!rinescu3 Ion Mine! 1L0L descriesc)i*(ri"e *orfo"o+ice !"e neuroni"or sen%ori!"i du$(co*$resie s!u tr!ns$"!nt!re n diferite or+!ne i "enu*ete #neuro$"!sticit!te&

C!7!" $rei! ter*enu" de #neuro$"!sticit!te& de "! Mine! iM!rinescu 1L1>


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or*!re! neurotiine"or tudiu" structurii i funcii"or siste*u"ui nervos3 "! o* i

!"te s$ecii

Do*eniu de cercet!re3 nu c"inic neuro"o+i!

Do*eniu *u"tidisci$"in!r: sc $ ne oc! %!te $e *eto e: neuro$s o o+ !3

nero!n!to*i!3 neurofi%io"o+i!3 neurof!r*!co"o+i! etc.Disci$"ine foc!"i%!te $e un nive" de !n!"i%(: neuroio"o+i!3

neurotiine"e co+nitive

1L6F3 ocietE for Neuroscience )tt$:RRKKK.sfn.or+R 1LL3 Co+nitive Neuroscience ocietE

)tt$s:RRKKK.co+neurosocietE.or+R


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co$u" cursu"ui !*i"i!ri%!re! cu structur! i funcii"e de !%(

!"e siste*u"ui nervos e*estru" 2: Neurotiine co+nitive curs

/*oii3 *e*orie3 "i*!7 etc.


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9e*!tic! !cestui curs

Neurotiine: Istoric Neuroni i celule gliale

Excitabilitatea esutului nervos (activitate electric) Conductibilitatea esutului nervos (conducere axonal

i sinaps) Elemente de neuroanatomie

Dezvoltarea sistemului nervos Vz Auz

Gust i miros Somestezie

Coordonare motorie


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Gr+!ni%!re! se*in!rii"or $e serii

!ndrei*iuV$sEc)o"o+E.ro

Istoric Neurostiinte

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