8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

1/99

LECTIA I

TIMPURILE MODULUI INDICATIV

Exista doua aspecte in limba engleza: simplu si continuu. In general, timpurilesimple se folosesc atunci cnd accentul se pune pe actiunea propriu-zisa, iartimpurile continue se folosesc atunci cnd accentul se pune pe durata actiunii,pe perioada de timp in care aceasta are loc.

In explicarea intrebuintarii timpurilor continue se va intlni formularea actiunein plina desfasurare". Aceasta inseamna ca actiunea a inceput inainte demomentul la care se face referire si va continua dupa acel moment.

Exista un numar de verbe in limba engleza care nu se folosesc la formacontinua, deoarece ideea de durata e inclusa in continutul lor semantic. Ex. towant, to like, to dislike, to understand, to owe, to matter, to love, to hate, tobelong, to believe, to remember, to know.

A. Present Tense SimpleAfirmativ Negativ

I or! I do not don#t$ or!%ou or! %ou do not don#t$ or!

&e's(e'it or!s &e's(e'it does not doesn#t$ or!)e or! )e do not don#t$ or!%ou or! %ou do not don#t$ or!

*(e+ or! *(e+ do not don#t$ or!

Interogativ

o I or! o e or!o +ou or! o +ou or!oes (e's(e'it or! o t(e+ or!

Present Tense Simple se foloseste pentru a arata o actiune regulata,obisnuita, in perioada prezenta.

Ex. )(at do +ou do u ce te ocupi$ I am a student.)(at time do +ou usuall+ (ave brea!fast

Present Tense Continos

/e con0uga verbul to be" la timpul prezent si se adauga forma -ing a verbuluide con0ugat.

Afirmativ

I am or!ing )e are or!ing.%ou are or!ing %ou are or!ing&e's(e'it is or!ing *(e+ are or!ing

Negativ

I am not or!ing.%ou are not aren#t$ or!ing.&e's(e'it is not isn#t$ or!ing.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

2/99

)e are not aren#t$ or!ing.%ou are not aren#t$ or!ing.*(e+ are not aren#t$ or!ing.

Interogativ

Am I or!ing Are e or!ingAre +ou or!ing Are +ou or!ingIs (e's(e'it or!ing Are t(e+ or!ing

Present Tense Simple se foloseste pentru a arata o actiune in plinadesfasurare in momentul prezent.

Ex. )(ere are +ou goingI am going to sc(ool.

e asemenea poate arata o actiune care se desfasoara pe timp limitat inperioada prezenta.

Ex.: I go to sc(ool b+ bus t(is ee!. 1+ fat(er is ta!ing me in (is car.2neori se poate folosi timpul 3resent *ense ontinuous cu adverbul always,

pentru a arata o actiune repetata. In acest caz, exista o conotatie afectivanemultumire$ sau actiunea respectiva este caracteristica pentru aceapersoana.

Ex. %ou are ala+s losing +our t(ings.%ou are ala+s grumbling (en I as! +ou to (elp me in t(e !itc(en.

E!er"itii " Present Simple si Present Continos

1. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Simple) lainterogativ si negativ:

Nota: Verbul to have", atunci cnd nu inseamna a avea, a

poseda", ci este parte dintr-o expresie (to have breakfast, to have ashower, to have a party, formea!a neativul si interoativul cu

a#utorul auxiliarului to do"$

%$ & love my brother$

'$ he talks too much$)$ & understand you$

*$ +ou play the piano very well$

$ & always believe you$$ .e remembers my phone number$

/$ 0hey live in 1ucharest$

2$ .e has a hot bath every day$3$ & trust my friend$

%4$ & have lunch at one o5clock$

2. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Continuous) la negativ si

interogativ:

%$ &t is rainin$'$ & am havin a walk$

)$ .e is tellin the truth$

*$ +ou are typin a letter$$ 0hey are swimmin in the river$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

3/99

$ 6y friend is wearin a new dress$

/$ 6y mother is restin$2$ 7e are studyin 8nlish$

3$ 9nn is knittin$

%4$ 0he child is learnin to play the piano$

3. Puneti verbele din paranteze la Present Simple sau la Present Continuous:

%$ & (not o shoppin because it (rain$'$ 7hat you (do on undays

)$ .e usually (drink coffee but now he (drink tea$*$ &n 8nland it often (rain$

$ & (not like that boy$

$ .e usually (speak so ;uickly that & (not understand him$

/$ +ou (like this book2$ +ou (dream at niht

+es, & (dream every niht$

3$ & can5t answer the phone now because & (cook$%4$ .ow you usually (et to work

& usually (o by bus, but now & (take a taxi because & am late$

%%$ 0he manaer can5t receive you now as he (have an interview$

%'$ +ou (write to

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

4/99

I t(in!$ of m+ mot(er 0ust no.

'4$ +ou (know what time is it

4. Traduceti in limba engleza:

%$ &arna nine$

'$ =uminica el nu se scoala devreme$)$ 8u nu studie! seara$*$ >e faci >itesti sau privesti la televi!or

$ ecretara tocmai bate la masina un referat$

$ 8a mere la cumparaturi smbata$/$ 9cum imi fac temele la enle!a$

2$ ?u-mi place cafeaua$

3$ >e carte citesti%4$ @a ce ora se scoala e faci tu in !ilele libere

%'$ >ui ii telefone!i

%)$ 8l nu mere la scoala cu metroul, mere pe #os$%*$ =e ce deschi!i fereastra

%$ 9desea citesc carti enle!esti$

%$ 8a isi face baa#ul$%/$ >t de des le scrii parintilor tai

%2$ >nd mer la mare imi place sa inot mult$

%3$ >lientul tocmai isi alee o pereche de pantofi$

B. Past Tense Simple

3ast *ense /imple se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei 5 ed in cazulverbelor regulate.

Ex. to or! 5 or!edaca verbul este neregulat, 3ast *ense trebuie invatat din tabelul de verbe

neregulate care indica cele trei forme de baza ale verbului: forma I 5 infinitiv,forma II- 3aste *ense, forma III 5 participiul trecut.

Ex. to spea! 5 spo!e 5 spo!enAfirmativ

w

o

rk

e

d

&A

y

o

uA

h

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

5/99

e

As

h

eA

i

tA

w

e

At

h

ey

sp

o

ke

Negativor!I'+ou'(e's(e'it'e't(e+ did notspea!Interogativor!id I'+ou'(e's(e'it'e't(e+spea!6orma prescurtata a lui did not este didnt I didn#t or!$.3ast *ense /imple arata o actiune trecuta, terminata, efectuata intr-o perioadade timp trecuta, terminata.Este timpul de naratiune./e traduce, de obicei, cu perfectul compus.Ex. %esterda+ I ent for a al!.Ieri am mers al plimbare.$7ast +ear I travelled to England.Anul trecut am calatorit in Anglia.$Past Tense Continos

/e formeaza prin con0ugarea verbului to be" la trecut 3ast *ense$ siadaugarea formei -inga verbului de con0ugat.AfirmativI as or!ing )e ere or!ing%ou ere or!ing %ou ere or!ing&e's(e'it as or!ing *(e+ ere or!ingNegativI as not or!ing )e ere not or!ing%ou ere not or!ing %ou ere not or!ing&e's(e'it as not or!ing *(e+ ere not or!ing

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

6/99

6ormele prescurtate sunt:as not 5 asn#t I asn#t or!ing.

ere not 5 eren#t *(e+ eren#t or!ing.Interogativ)as I or!ing )ere e or!ing)ere +ou or!ing )ere +ou or!ing)as (e's(e'it or!ing )ere t(e+ or!ing Arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intr-un moment din trecut.

/e traduce, de obicei, cu imperfectul.Ex. *(is time +esterda+, I as atc(ing *8.Ieri pe vremea asta priveam la televizor.$

Adesea, in aceeasi fraza, este posibil sa apara un verb folosit la 3astontinuous si un verb folosit la 3ast /imple. In acest caz, verbul la 3astontinuous tradus cu imperfectul$, reprezinta fundalul de timp pe care sepetrece actiunea exprimata de 3ast /imple tradus cu perfectul compus$.

Ex. )(ile I as crossing t(e street, I met 4o(n.Este, de asemenea, posibil sa apara intr-o fraza timpul 3ast ontinuous in

mod repetat. In aceasta situatie, ambele verbe se traduc cu imperfectul, elearatnd actiuni paralele, in plina desfasurare, intr-un moment trecut.

Ex. )(ile 4o(n as reading, (is sister as atc(ing *8.In timp ce 4o(n citea, sora lui privea la televizor.$

E!er"itii " Past Tense Simple si Continos%$ Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii la Past Tense Simple:

%$ & sleep until 3 o5clock every day$

'$ .e meets

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

7/99

*$ 9s & (write, someone (rin up$

$ 7here you (o when & (meet you$ 7hat you (do this time yesterday

/$ 7hen & (enter the classroom, the teacher (write on the blackboard$

2$ 7hen & (arrive, she (have dinner$3$ 0his time last unday, & (watch a film on 0V$

%4$ .e suddenly (reali!e that he (not wear his lasses$

%$ Traduceti in limba engleza:

%$ oarele nu a apus la ora 2 aseara$'$ 9i dormit bine noaptea trecuta

)$ &eri nu am mers la ba!inul de inot$

*$ 6-am sculat tr!iu ieri dimineata$

$ =uminica trecuta prietenii mei au #ucat sah$$ &eri pe vremea asta ploua$

/$ >e faceai martea trecuta la ora / dimineata

2$ 6a preateam sa mer la facultate$3$ &n timp ce imi cautam pasaportul am asit aceasta fotorafie veche$

%4$ 1aietii #ucau carti cnd l-au au!it pe tatal lor intrnd in casa$

%%$ 8i au ascuns imediat cartile si si-au scos manualele de scoala$%'$ >nd te-ai intors de la munte

%)$ >nd ai cumparat acest televi!or

%*$ &eri mi-am pierdut manusile$

%$ 1atea un vnt puternic cnd am iesit din casa$%$ Bnde ti-ai petrecut concediul vara trecuta

%/$ &eri m-am sculat devreme, mi-am luat micul de#un si apoi am plecat la scola$

%2$ 9cum doua !ile am ca!ut si mi-am rupt piciorul$%3$ aptamna trecuta am fost bolnav si nu am mers la scoala$

'4$ 8l a dat primul examen saptamna trecuta$

'%$ >ine a cstiat meciul alaltaieri''$ &n timp ce ploua, eu conduceam masina spre inaia$

C. Present Perfect Simple

*impul 3resent 3erfect /imple se formeaza prin con0ugarea verbului to(ave" la prezent, la care se adauga forma a treia participiul trecut$ a verbului decon0ugat.AfirmativI (ave or!ed )e (ave or!ed%ou (ave or!ed %ou (ave or!ed&e's(e'it (as or!ed *(e+ (ave or!edNegativI (ave not (aven#t$ or!ed.&e's(e'it (as not (asn#t$ or!ed.Interogativ&ave I or!ed&as (e's(e'it or!ed *impul 3resent 3erfect este un timp de relatie. El arata o legatura intre trecutsi momentul prezent.

*impul 3resent 3erfect /imple se foloseste in urmatoarele situatii: arata o actiune inceputa in trecut care continua pna in pre!ent$ >u acest sens se

folosesc de obicei prepo!itiilesince(din, incepnd din sifor (de, timp de$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

8/99

8x$ & haven5t seen

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

9/99

Ex. &ave +ou ever been to EnglandAi fost vreodata in Anglia$

;o, I (ave never been to England.%es, I (ave often been to England.

Adverbe de timp neprecizat care stau la sfrsitul propozitiei: latel+, +et inpropozitii negative$.

Ex. &e (asn#t returned (ome +et.El nu s-a intors inca acasa.$

I (aven#t seen (im latel+.;u l-am vazut in ultimul timp.$

upa cum se poate observa, timpul 3resent 3erfect /imple se traduce inromneste fie cu prezentul, fie cu perfectul compus, in functie de context.Present Perfe"t Continos /e formeaza cu 3resent 3erfect /imple al verbului to be", la care se adaugaforma -ing a verbului de con0ugat.AfirmativI (ave been or!ing )e (ave been or!ing%ou (ave been or!ing %ou (ave been or!ing&e's(e'it (as been or!ing *(e+ (ave been or!ingNegativI (ave not (aven#t$ been or!ing.&e (as not (asn#t$ been or!ing.Interogativ&ave I been or!ing&as (e been or!ing *impul 3resent 3erfect ontinuous arata o actiune in plina desfasurare, cuaccent pe durata, intre un moment trecut si prezent.

Ex. I am tired because I (ave been or!ing all da+./unt obosit pentru ca am muncit toata ziua.$

e asemene, poate arata probabilitatea ca actiunea inceputa in trecut, carecontinua in prezent, sa continue si in viitor.

Ex. It (as been raining for t(ree (ours. If it doesn#t stop soon, e s(all (avefloods.

3loua de trei ore. aca nu se opreste in curnd, vom avea inundatii.$a si 3resent 3erfect /imple, se poate traduce cu prezentul sau cu perfectul

compus din limba romna.E!er"itii " Present Perfe"t Simple si Continos

%$ Folositi Present Perect Simple in locul ininitivelor din paranteze:

%$ 7here you (be & (be to the market$'$ +ou (water the flowers

)$ .e #ust (leave home$

*$ & (lend him some money today$$ 0here isn5t any train service because the enine D drivers (o on strike$

$ 7ould you like a cake

/$ ?o, thank you, & #ust (have one$2$ & already (see this film$

3$ .e (not come home yet$

%4$ & (not be to the seaside this year$%%$ & (buy a new house$ +ou must come and see it$

%'$ +ou (visit the Villae 6useum

%)$ +ou ever (eat caviar

%*$ & (not write to my friend for three months$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

10/99

%$ &t (not rain since =ecember$

%$ +ou ever (drive a car%/$ .e always (rely on his friend$

%2$ +ou (read orescu5s last book

%3$ +ou (pay the telephone bill'4$ .e (not o to bed yet$

'%$ .ow lon you (live here

''$ & (live here for one year$

%$ Folositi Present Perect Simple sau Continuous in locul ininitivelor din

paranteze:

%$ .e (fish for two hours but he (catch nothin yet$

'$ 7e (know each other for several years$

)$ 0he radio (play since / a$m$ &5m tired of it$*$ & (shop all day and & want to have a rest now$

$ .ow lon you (wear lasses

$ & (cook all the mornin$/$ .ow many dishes you (cook

2$ 7hy you (be in the arden so lon

3$ & (water the flowers$%4$ .e (sleep for %4 hours now$ &t5s time we woke him up$

%%$ & (ask you to clean your room for two days$ 7hen are you oin to do it

%'$ 8ver since that woman came to work here, she (try to make trouble$

%$ Folositi Present Perect Simple sau Continuous sau Past Tense Simple in

locul ininitivelor:

%$ & (lose my pen$ +ou (not see it anywhere

?o, & haven5t$ 7hen you (use it last

'$ +our ever (try to ive up smokin+es, & (try last year but & (not succeed$

)$ +ou (see your mother this week

?o, she (leave for 1rasov a week ao$*$ +ou (be out of work lon

$ & am not out of work now$ & (et a #ob last month$

$ & (wear my hair lon since & (be a little irl$

/$ he (chane a lot since & (see her last$2$ & (do a lot of work since & (et up in the mornin$

3$ 0he child (play the piano since & (return from school$

%4$ &t (rain since we (leave 1ucharest$%%$ .e (be very ill since the holidays (bein$

%$ Traduceti in limba engleza olosind Past Tense Simple sau Present Perect

Simple sau Continuous:

%$ >ine te-a invatat sa vorbesti enle!a att de bine'$ Bnde ti-ai petrecut vacanta anul acesta

)$ 6-am ndit adesea sa-mi iau carnet de conducere$

*$ =e ct timp inveti enle!a

$ Vremea s-a incal!it in ultimul timp$$ 8l este ministru de doi ani$

/$ 0raduc un text de doua ore si nu l-am terminat inca$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

11/99

2$ 8l a scris numai doua scrisori de cnd a plecat in strainatate$

3$ Bn copil a spart eamul$ 0rebuie sa-l inlocuim$%4$ ?ine de doua ore$

%%$ 9m mers pe #os %4 km pna acum$

%'$ 6erem pe #os de la ora )$%)$ =e cnd mi-am cumparat masina, am mers arareori pe #os la slu#ba$

%*$ @a ce te-ai uitat

%$ 9 fost un accident$%$ >u cine ai votat la ultimele aleeri

%/$ ?u am mers la vot$ 9m stat acasa si nu am reretat nici o clipa$

%2$ 9i va!ut !iarul de a!i

%3$ 9 plecat

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

12/99

Aceste forme se pastreaza la toate persoanele.*impul 3ast 3erfect ontinuous arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intre

doua momente trecute. e asemenea, cnd in aceeasi fraza in propozitiaprincipala se afla un verb la 3ast *ense, 3ast 3erfect ontinuous poate preluafunctiile lui 3resent 3erfect otinuous in propozitia secundara.

Ex. )(en (e entered t(e room, s(e (ad been t+ping for one (our.nd el a intrat in camera, ea batea la masina de o ora.$

After 4o(n (ad been atc(ing *8 for 9 minutes, (e got bored.upa ce 4o(n privise a privit$ la televizor 9 minute, s-a plictisit.$

&e said it (ad been raining for t(ree da+s.El a spus ca ploua de trei zile.$

upa cum se observa, acest timp se poate traduce cu mai mult ca perfectul,perfectul compus sau imperfectul din limba romna.E!er"itii " Past Simple si Continos

%$ Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Perect Simple:

%$ 9fter they (finish dinner, they drank some coffee$

'$ he said she already (be to 8nland$

)$ .e asked me whether & (meet

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

13/99

%$ Traduceti in limba engleza olosind Past Perect Simple sau Continuous sau

Past Tense Simple:

%$ 6i-a parut rau ca il #inisem$

'$ 8l mi-a multumit pentru ceea ce facusem pentru el$

)$ =e indata ce a terminat de scris lucrarea, a inmnat-o profesorului$

*$ 8l nu facuse nimic inainte de a-mi cere mie sfatul$$ =e indata ce au plecat musafirii, am mers la culcare$

$ >nd am a#uns la statia de autobu!, mi-am dat seama ca imi lasasem poseta

acasa$/$ ecretara mi-a spus ca directorul vorbea la telefon de o #umatate de ora$

2$ 8i mi-au spus ca locuiau in Eranta din %324$

3$ ?u ti-am telefonat pentru ca am cre!ut ca plecasesi in strainatate$%4$ 8i au calatorit in multe tari dupa ce s-au casatorit$

E. Future Tense Simple

/e formeaza cu shallsau willla persoana I, ill la persoana II si III, la care seadauga infinitivul verbului de con0ugat.AfirmativI s(all$ ill go )e s(all$ ill go%ou ill go %ou ill go&e's(e'it ill go *(e+ ill goNegativI s(all$ ill not go )e s(all$ ill not go%ou ill not go %ou ill not go&e's(e'it ill not go *(e+ ill not go 6orma scurta pentru s(all not" este shant, iar pentru ill not" este wont.Interogativ/(all I go /(all e go)ill +ou go )ill +ou go)ill (e's(e'it' go )ill t(e+ go *rebuie remarcat faptul ca la interogativ persoana I, se foloseste numais(all".

Acest timp arata o actiune viitoare obisnuita. /e traduce cu viitorul din limbaromna.

Ex. I s(all$ ill meet (im next ee!.Il voi intlni saptamna viitoare.$

#tre Continos /e formeaza cu viitorul simplu al verbului to be", la care se adauga forma-ing a verbului de con0ugat.AfirmativI s(all$ ill be going.%ou ill be going.&e's(e'it ill be going.)e s(all$ ill be going.%ou ill be going.*(e+ ill be going.NegativI s(all$ ill not be going.%ou ill not be going.&e's(e'it ill not be going.)e s(all$ ill not be going.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

14/99

%ou ill not be going.*(e+ ill not be going.Interogativ/(all I be going /(all e be going)ill +ou be going )ill +ou be going)ill (e's(e'it be going )ill t(e+ be going Acest timp arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intr-un moment viitor.

Ex. At t(ree o#cloc!, I ill be travelling to England.1ine la ora trei voi calatori spre Anglia.$

/e traduce cu viitorul din limba romna.#tre Perfe"t Simple /e formeaza cu shallsau will, la care se adauga infinitivul trecut al verbuluide con0ugat. (ave = forma III$.AfirmativI s(all$ ill (ave gone.%ou ill (ave gone.&e's(e'it ill (ave gone.)e s(all$ ill (ave gone.%ou ill (ave gone.*(e+ ill (ave gone.NegativI s(all$ ill not (ave gone.%ou ill not (ave gone.&e's(e'it ill not (ave gone.)e s(all$ ill not (ave gone.%ou ill not (ave gone.*(e+ ill not (ave gone.Interogativ/(all I (ave gone /(all e (ave gone)ill +ou (ave gone )ill +ou (ave gone)ill (e's(e'it (ave gone )ill t(e+ (ave gone Acest timp arata o actiune anterioara unei alte actiuni sau unui moment viitor./e traduce cu timpul viitor anterior din limba romna.

Ex. >+ t(ree o#cloc! tomorro, I ill (ave reac(ed 3redeal.1ine pna la ora trei voi fi a0uns la 3redeal.$

#tre Perfe"t Continos /e formeaza cu 6uture 3erfect al verbului to be", la care se adauga forma-ing a verbului de con0ugat.

Ex. I s(all$ ill (ave been going.)(en +ou come (ome, I ill (ave been stud+ing for t(ree (ours.nd vei veni tu acasa, voi studia voi fi studiat$ de trei ore.

Arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intre doua momente viitoare. /e traduce

cu viitorul simplu sau cu viitorul anterior din limba romna.Este un timp rar folosit.

#tre$in$t%e$Past Simple /e formeaza cu shouldpersoana I$ sau wouldtoate persoanele$, la care seadauga infinitivul verbului de con0ugat.AfirmativI s(ould$ ould go )e s(ould$ ould go%ou ould go %ou ould go&e's(e'it ould go *(e+ ould go

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

15/99

NegativI s(ould$ ould not go )e s(ould$ ould not go%ou ould not go %ou ould not go&e's(e'it ould not go *(e+ ould not go 6orma scurta de la s(ould not" este shouldnt, iar cea de la ould not" estewouldnt.

Acest timp este folosit in concordanta timpurilor pentru a arata o actiuneposterioara unui moment sau unei actiuni din trecut.

Ex. &e said (e ould be late.El a spus ca va intrzia.$

Intruct nu poate fi intlnit dect in propozitii secundare dupa un verb latimpul trecut in propozitia principala$, nu se pune problema folosirii lui ainterogativ dect in intrebari dis0unctive.#tre$in$t%e$Past Continos /e formeaza cu 6uture-in-t(e-3ast /imple al verbului to be", la care seadauga forma -ing a verbului de con0ugat.I s(ould ould$ be going. Este un timp sestul de rar folosit. 3reia functiile lui 6uture *ense ontinuousintr-o propozitie secundara, atunci cnd in principala se afla un verb la trecut.

Ex. &e said t(at at ? o#cloc!, t(e next da+, (e ould be travelling to England.El a spus ca in ziua urmatoare, la ora ?, va calatori spre Anglia.$

Alte mi&loa"e 'e e!primare a viitorli Fresent imple G adverb de timp viitor$ &ntr-un astfel de context, arata un

proram precis, bine stabilit$

8x$ & leave for @ondon tomorrow$

(FlecAvoi pleca la @ondra mine$

Fresent >ontinuous G adverb de timp viitor$ 9rata o intentie, un aran#ament

prealabil pentru viitorul apropiat$

8x$ & am meetin

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

16/99

%4$ +ou (not find a solution if you don5t know the whole truth$

%$ Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Future Continuous:

%$ 0his time next month, & (swim in the sea$'$ 7hen you reach inaia, it probably (rain$

)$ =on5t rin her up at 2 o5clock p$m$ he (watch 0V$

*$ +ou (need the vacuum cleaner tomorrow or may & borrow it

$ & am sure when & arrive home, the baby (cry$$ @et5s hurry to the beach$ 0he sun (rise in %4 minutes$

/$ .e (study all day tomorrow$2$ 0his time next day, we (climb the mountain$

3$ 0omorrow mornin at 2 o5clock, & (have breakfast$

%4$ =on5t expect me home for dinner, & (work at the office till late at niht$

3. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Future Perect Simple sau Continuous:

%$ &n a week5s time, we (take our exam$'$ & (finish readin the newspapers by lunch time$

)$ ?ext year, they (be married for ' years$

*$ &f we don5t hurry, the sun (rise before we reach the beach$$ 1y the end of the season, one hundred thousand people (spend their holidays at

the seaside$

$ 1y the time you come home, & (cook for two hours$/$ 7hen & take the exam, & (read all the books on the biblioraphy list$

2$ 1y the beinnin of next week, & (work on this paper for a month$

3$ 1y o5clock, you (see all the exhibits in the museum$

%4$ 1y the end of the month, & (pay off all my debts$

4. Traduceti in limba engleza olosind unul din tipurile de viitor:

%$ Fna anul viitor pe vremea aceasta, vor fi economisit milioane$

'$ >e faci mine dimineata la ora %%

)$ Voi vi!ita trul international$*$ 9m cumparat o masina de scris si voi invata sa bat$

$ Fna la sfrsitul lunii, voi fi va!ut acest film de ori$

$ 0renul va fi plecat inainte de a a#une noi la ara$/$ Fna la ora %, ea va fi terminat curatenia in casa$

2$ Vineri, intre orele %' si %, ei vor avea ultima ora de enle!a$

3$ 8l va studia in biblioteca luni de la ora % la $

%4$ =in cau!a revei soferilor de autobu!e multa lume va mere pe #os la slu#ba,mine$

%%$ Bite ce am cumparat la o licitatieH

%'$ 8 un obiect frumos$ Bnde il vei pune

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

17/99

LECTIA I

TIMPURILE MODULUI INDICATIV

Exista doua aspecte in limba engleza: simplu si continuu. In general, timpurilesimple se folosesc atunci cnd accentul se pune pe actiunea propriu-zisa, iartimpurile continue se folosesc atunci cnd accentul se pune pe durata actiunii,pe perioada de timp in care aceasta are loc.

In explicarea intrebuintarii timpurilor continue se va intlni formularea actiunein plina desfasurare". Aceasta inseamna ca actiunea a inceput inainte demomentul la care se face referire si va continua dupa acel moment.

Exista un numar de verbe in limba engleza care nu se folosesc la formacontinua, deoarece ideea de durata e inclusa in continutul lor semantic. Ex. towant, to like, to dislike, to understand, to owe, to matter, to love, to hate, tobelong, to believe, to remember, to know.

A. Present Tense SimpleAfirmativ Negativ

I or! I do not don#t$ or!%ou or! %ou do not don#t$ or!

&e's(e'it or!s &e's(e'it does not doesn#t$ or!)e or! )e do not don#t$ or!%ou or! %ou do not don#t$ or!

*(e+ or! *(e+ do not don#t$ or!

Interogativ

o I or! o e or!o +ou or! o +ou or!oes (e's(e'it or! o t(e+ or!

Present Tense Simple se foloseste pentru a arata o actiune regulata,obisnuita, in perioada prezenta.

Ex. )(at do +ou do u ce te ocupi$ I am a student.)(at time do +ou usuall+ (ave brea!fast

Present Tense Continos

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

18/99

/e con0uga verbul to be" la timpul prezent si se adauga forma -ing a verbuluide con0ugat.

Afirmativ

I am or!ing )e are or!ing.%ou are or!ing %ou are or!ing&e's(e'it is or!ing *(e+ are or!ing

Negativ

I am not or!ing.%ou are not aren#t$ or!ing.&e's(e'it is not isn#t$ or!ing.)e are not aren#t$ or!ing.%ou are not aren#t$ or!ing.*(e+ are not aren#t$ or!ing.

Interogativ

Am I or!ing Are e or!ingAre +ou or!ing Are +ou or!ingIs (e's(e'it or!ing Are t(e+ or!ing

Present Tense Simple se foloseste pentru a arata o actiune in plinadesfasurare in momentul prezent.

Ex. )(ere are +ou goingI am going to sc(ool.

e asemenea poate arata o actiune care se desfasoara pe timp limitat inperioada prezenta.

Ex.: I go to sc(ool b+ bus t(is ee!. 1+ fat(er is ta!ing me in (is car.2neori se poate folosi timpul 3resent *ense ontinuous cu adverbul always,

pentru a arata o actiune repetata. In acest caz, exista o conotatie afectivanemultumire$ sau actiunea respectiva este caracteristica pentru aceapersoana.

Ex. %ou are ala+s losing +our t(ings.%ou are ala+s grumbling (en I as! +ou to (elp me in t(e !itc(en.

E!er"itii " Present Simple si Present Continos

1. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Simple) lainterogativ si negativ:

Nota: Verbul to have", atunci cnd nu inseamna a avea, aposeda", ci este parte dintr-o expresie (to have breakfast, to have a

shower, to have a party, formea!a neativul si interoativul cu

a#utorul auxiliarului to do"$

%%$ & love my brother$%'$ he talks too much$

%)$ & understand you$

%*$ +ou play the piano very well$%$ & always believe you$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

19/99

%$ .e remembers my phone number$

%/$ 0hey live in 1ucharest$%2$ .e has a hot bath every day$

%3$ & trust my friend$

'4$ & have lunch at one o5clock$

2. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Continuous) la negativ si

interogativ:

%%$ &t is rainin$

%'$ & am havin a walk$%)$ .e is tellin the truth$

%*$ +ou are typin a letter$

%$ 0hey are swimmin in the river$

%$ 6y friend is wearin a new dress$%/$ 6y mother is restin$

%2$ 7e are studyin 8nlish$

%3$ 9nn is knittin$'4$ 0he child is learnin to play the piano$

3. Puneti verbele din paranteze la Present Simple sau la Present Continuous:

'%$ & (not o shoppin because it (rain$

''$ 7hat you (do on undays')$ .e usually (drink coffee but now he (drink tea$

'*$ &n 8nland it often (rain$

'$ & (not like that boy$

'$ .e usually (speak so ;uickly that & (not understand him$'/$ +ou (like this book

'2$ +ou (dream at niht

+es, & (dream every niht$

'3$ & can5t answer the phone now because & (cook$

)4$ .ow you usually (et to work

& usually (o by bus, but now & (take a taxi because & am late$

)%$ 0he manaer can5t receive you now as he (have an interview$)'$ +ou (write to

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

20/99

)$ +ou (o to work every day

%es, of course, except /aturda+s and /unda+s.

)$ 7hy you (smoke so much

)/$ 7ho you (wait for

I ait$ for 4o(n, but (e is late, as usual.

)2$ & always (have a rest after lunch$

)3$ 7hat you (think of

I t(in!$ of m+ mot(er 0ust no.

*4$ +ou (know what time is it

4. Traduceti in limba engleza:

'4$ &arna nine$

'%$ =uminica el nu se scoala devreme$

''$ 8u nu studie! seara$')$ >e faci >itesti sau privesti la televi!or

'*$ ecretara tocmai bate la masina un referat$

'$ 8a mere la cumparaturi smbata$'$ 9cum imi fac temele la enle!a$

'/$ ?u-mi place cafeaua$

'2$ >e carte citesti

'3$ @a ce ora se scoala e faci tu in !ilele libere

)%$ >ui ii telefone!i

)'$ 8l nu mere la scoala cu metroul, mere pe #os$))$ =e ce deschi!i fereastra

)*$ 9desea citesc carti enle!esti$

)$ 8a isi face baa#ul$)$ >t de des le scrii parintilor tai

)/$ >nd mer la mare imi place sa inot mult$

)2$ >lientul tocmai isi alee o pereche de pantofi$

B. Past Tense Simple

3ast *ense /imple se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei 5 ed in cazulverbelor regulate.

Ex. to or! 5 or!edaca verbul este neregulat, 3ast *ense trebuie invatat din tabelul de verbe

neregulate care indica cele trei forme de baza ale verbului: forma I 5 infinitiv,forma II- 3aste *ense, forma III 5 participiul trecut.

Ex. to spea! 5 spo!e 5 spo!enAfirmativ

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

21/99

w

or

k

ed

&

A

y

ou

A

he

A

sh

e

Ai

t

A

we

A

th

e

y

s

p

ok

e

Negativor!I'+ou'(e's(e'it'e't(e+ did not

spea!Interogativor!id I'+ou'(e's(e'it'e't(e+spea!6orma prescurtata a lui did not este didnt I didn#t or!$.3ast *ense /imple arata o actiune trecuta, terminata, efectuata intr-o perioadade timp trecuta, terminata.Este timpul de naratiune./e traduce, de obicei, cu perfectul compus.Ex. %esterda+ I ent for a al!.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

22/99

Ieri am mers al plimbare.$7ast +ear I travelled to England.Anul trecut am calatorit in Anglia.$Past Tense Continos /e formeaza prin con0ugarea verbului to be" la trecut 3ast *ense$ siadaugarea formei -inga verbului de con0ugat.AfirmativI as or!ing )e ere or!ing%ou ere or!ing %ou ere or!ing&e's(e'it as or!ing *(e+ ere or!ingNegativI as not or!ing )e ere not or!ing%ou ere not or!ing %ou ere not or!ing&e's(e'it as not or!ing *(e+ ere not or!ing 6ormele prescurtate sunt:

as not 5 asn#t I asn#t or!ing.ere not 5 eren#t *(e+ eren#t or!ing.

Interogativ)as I or!ing )ere e or!ing)ere +ou or!ing )ere +ou or!ing)as (e's(e'it or!ing )ere t(e+ or!ing Arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intr-un moment din trecut.

/e traduce, de obicei, cu imperfectul.Ex. *(is time +esterda+, I as atc(ing *8.Ieri pe vremea asta priveam la televizor.$

Adesea, in aceeasi fraza, este posibil sa apara un verb folosit la 3astontinuous si un verb folosit la 3ast /imple. In acest caz, verbul la 3astontinuous tradus cu imperfectul$, reprezinta fundalul de timp pe care sepetrece actiunea exprimata de 3ast /imple tradus cu perfectul compus$.

Ex. )(ile I as crossing t(e street, I met 4o(n.Este, de asemenea, posibil sa apara intr-o fraza timpul 3ast ontinuous in

mod repetat. In aceasta situatie, ambele verbe se traduc cu imperfectul, elearatnd actiuni paralele, in plina desfasurare, intr-un moment trecut.

Ex. )(ile 4o(n as reading, (is sister as atc(ing *8.In timp ce 4o(n citea, sora lui privea la televizor.$

E!er"itii " Past Tense Simple si Continos'$ Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii la Past Tense Simple:

%%$ & sleep until 3 o5clock every day$

%'$ .e meets

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

23/99

%)$ & hated him$

%*$ .e chaned his library book every day$%$ & sold my car$

%$ 7e worked very hard$

%/$ .e came home late$%2$ & en#oyed travellin$

%3$ .e translated the text$

'4$ .e forbade her to do this$

'$ Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Tense Simple sau Continuous:

%%$ 7hen you (come in, & talk on the phone$

%'$ 7hen & first (meet him, he (work in a bank$

%)$ 7hile he (learn to drive, he (have an accident$

%*$ 9s & (write, someone (rin up$%$ 7here you (o when & (meet you

%$ 7hat you (do this time yesterday

%/$ 7hen & (enter the classroom, the teacher (write on the blackboard$%2$ 7hen & (arrive, she (have dinner$

%3$ 0his time last unday, & (watch a film on 0V$

'4$ .e suddenly (reali!e that he (not wear his lasses$

'$ Traduceti in limba engleza:

')$ oarele nu a apus la ora 2 aseara$

'*$ 9i dormit bine noaptea trecuta

'$ &eri nu am mers la ba!inul de inot$

'$ 6-am sculat tr!iu ieri dimineata$'/$ =uminica trecuta prietenii mei au #ucat sah$

'2$ &eri pe vremea asta ploua$

'3$ >e faceai martea trecuta la ora / dimineata)4$ 6a preateam sa mer la facultate$

)%$ &n timp ce imi cautam pasaportul am asit aceasta fotorafie veche$

)'$ 1aietii #ucau carti cnd l-au au!it pe tatal lor intrnd in casa$))$ 8i au ascuns imediat cartile si si-au scos manualele de scoala$

)*$ >nd te-ai intors de la munte

)$ >nd ai cumparat acest televi!or

)$ &eri mi-am pierdut manusile$)/$ 1atea un vnt puternic cnd am iesit din casa$

)2$ Bnde ti-ai petrecut concediul vara trecuta

)3$ &eri m-am sculat devreme, mi-am luat micul de#un si apoi am plecat la scola$*4$ 9cum doua !ile am ca!ut si mi-am rupt piciorul$

*%$ aptamna trecuta am fost bolnav si nu am mers la scoala$

*'$ 8l a dat primul examen saptamna trecuta$*)$ >ine a cstiat meciul alaltaieri

**$ &n timp ce ploua, eu conduceam masina spre inaia$

C. Present Perfect Simple

*impul 3resent 3erfect /imple se formeaza prin con0ugarea verbului to(ave" la prezent, la care se adauga forma a treia participiul trecut$ a verbului decon0ugat.Afirmativ

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

24/99

I (ave or!ed )e (ave or!ed%ou (ave or!ed %ou (ave or!ed&e's(e'it (as or!ed *(e+ (ave or!edNegativI (ave not (aven#t$ or!ed.&e's(e'it (as not (asn#t$ or!ed.Interogativ&ave I or!ed&as (e's(e'it or!ed *impul 3resent 3erfect este un timp de relatie. El arata o legatura intre trecutsi momentul prezent.

*impul 3resent 3erfect /imple se foloseste in urmatoarele situatii: arata o actiune inceputa in trecut care continua pna in pre!ent$ >u acest sens se

folosesc de obicei prepo!itiilesince(din, incepnd din sifor (de, timp de$

8x$ & haven5t seen

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

25/99

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

26/99

')$ 7here you (be & (be to the market$

'*$ +ou (water the flowers'$ .e #ust (leave home$

'$ & (lend him some money today$

'/$ 0here isn5t any train service because the enine D drivers (o on strike$'2$ 7ould you like a cake

'3$ ?o, thank you, & #ust (have one$

)4$ & already (see this film$)%$ .e (not come home yet$

)'$ & (not be to the seaside this year$

))$ & (buy a new house$ +ou must come and see it$

)*$ +ou (visit the Villae 6useum)$ +ou ever (eat caviar

)$ & (not write to my friend for three months$

)/$ &t (not rain since =ecember$)2$ +ou ever (drive a car

)3$ .e always (rely on his friend$

*4$ +ou (read orescu5s last book*%$ +ou (pay the telephone bill

*'$ .e (not o to bed yet$

*)$ .ow lon you (live here**$ & (live here for one year$

'$ Folositi Present Perect Simple sau Continuous in locul ininitivelor dinparanteze:

%)$ .e (fish for two hours but he (catch nothin yet$

%*$ 7e (know each other for several years$%$ 0he radio (play since / a$m$ &5m tired of it$

%$ & (shop all day and & want to have a rest now$

%/$ .ow lon you (wear lasses%2$ & (cook all the mornin$

%3$ .ow many dishes you (cook

'4$ 7hy you (be in the arden so lon'%$ & (water the flowers$

''$ .e (sleep for %4 hours now$ &t5s time we woke him up$

')$ & (ask you to clean your room for two days$ 7hen are you oin to do it

'*$ 8ver since that woman came to work here, she (try to make trouble$

'$ Folositi Present Perect Simple sau Continuous sau Past Tense Simple inlocul ininitivelor:

%'$ & (lose my pen$ +ou (not see it anywhere

?o, & haven5t$ 7hen you (use it last%)$ +our ever (try to ive up smokin

+es, & (try last year but & (not succeed$

%*$ +ou (see your mother this week?o, she (leave for 1rasov a week ao$

%$ +ou (be out of work lon

%$ & am not out of work now$ & (et a #ob last month$

%/$ & (wear my hair lon since & (be a little irl$%2$ he (chane a lot since & (see her last$

%3$ & (do a lot of work since & (et up in the mornin$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

27/99

'4$ 0he child (play the piano since & (return from school$

'%$ &t (rain since we (leave 1ucharest$''$ .e (be very ill since the holidays (bein$

'$ Traduceti in limba engleza olosind Past Tense Simple sau Present Perect

Simple sau Continuous:

'$ >ine te-a invatat sa vorbesti enle!a att de bine

'/$ Bnde ti-ai petrecut vacanta anul acesta'2$ 6-am ndit adesea sa-mi iau carnet de conducere$

'3$ =e ct timp inveti enle!a)4$ Vremea s-a incal!it in ultimul timp$

)%$ 8l este ministru de doi ani$

)'$ 0raduc un text de doua ore si nu l-am terminat inca$

))$ 8l a scris numai doua scrisori de cnd a plecat in strainatate$)*$ Bn copil a spart eamul$ 0rebuie sa-l inlocuim$

)$ ?ine de doua ore$

)$ 9m mers pe #os %4 km pna acum$)/$ 6erem pe #os de la ora )$

)2$ =e cnd mi-am cumparat masina, am mers arareori pe #os la slu#ba$

)3$ @a ce te-ai uitat*4$ 9 fost un accident$

*%$ >u cine ai votat la ultimele aleeri

*'$ ?u am mers la vot$ 9m stat acasa si nu am reretat nici o clipa$

*)$ 9i va!ut !iarul de a!i**$ 9 plecat

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

28/99

perfectul. /e poate traduce cu mai mult ca perfectul sau perfectul compus.

Past Perfe"t Continos /e formeaza cu 3ast 3erfect /imple al verbului to be", la care se adaugaforma -ing a verbului de con0ugat.AfirmativI (ad been or!ing.NegativI (ad not (adn#t$ been or!ing.Interogativ&ad I been or!ing Aceste forme se pastreaza la toate persoanele.

*impul 3ast 3erfect ontinuous arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intredoua momente trecute. e asemenea, cnd in aceeasi fraza in propozitiaprincipala se afla un verb la 3ast *ense, 3ast 3erfect ontinuous poate preluafunctiile lui 3resent 3erfect otinuous in propozitia secundara.

Ex. )(en (e entered t(e room, s(e (ad been t+ping for one (our.nd el a intrat in camera, ea batea la masina de o ora.$

After 4o(n (ad been atc(ing *8 for 9 minutes, (e got bored.upa ce 4o(n privise a privit$ la televizor 9 minute, s-a plictisit.$

&e said it (ad been raining for t(ree da+s.El a spus ca ploua de trei zile.$

upa cum se observa, acest timp se poate traduce cu mai mult ca perfectul,perfectul compus sau imperfectul din limba romna.E!er"itii " Past Simple si Continos

'$ Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Perect Simple:

%%$ 9fter they (finish dinner, they drank some coffee$

%'$ he said she already (be to 8nland$

%)$ .e asked me whether & (meet

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

29/99

'$ Puneti verbele din paranteza la Past Perect Simple sau Continuous sau la

Past Tense Simple:

%%$ 0he professor (speak for %4 minutes when & (enter the hall$

%'$ 9fter

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

30/99

/e formeaza cu viitorul simplu al verbului to be", la care se adauga forma-ing a verbului de con0ugat.AfirmativI s(all$ ill be going.%ou ill be going.&e's(e'it ill be going.)e s(all$ ill be going.%ou ill be going.*(e+ ill be going.NegativI s(all$ ill not be going.%ou ill not be going.&e's(e'it ill not be going.)e s(all$ ill not be going.%ou ill not be going.*(e+ ill not be going.Interogativ/(all I be going /(all e be going)ill +ou be going )ill +ou be going)ill (e's(e'it be going )ill t(e+ be going Acest timp arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intr-un moment viitor.

Ex. At t(ree o#cloc!, I ill be travelling to England.1ine la ora trei voi calatori spre Anglia.$

/e traduce cu viitorul din limba romna.#tre Perfe"t Simple /e formeaza cu shallsau will, la care se adauga infinitivul trecut al verbuluide con0ugat. (ave = forma III$.AfirmativI s(all$ ill (ave gone.%ou ill (ave gone.&e's(e'it ill (ave gone.)e s(all$ ill (ave gone.%ou ill (ave gone.*(e+ ill (ave gone.NegativI s(all$ ill not (ave gone.%ou ill not (ave gone.&e's(e'it ill not (ave gone.)e s(all$ ill not (ave gone.%ou ill not (ave gone.*(e+ ill not (ave gone.Interogativ

/(all I (ave gone /(all e (ave gone)ill +ou (ave gone )ill +ou (ave gone)ill (e's(e'it (ave gone )ill t(e+ (ave gone Acest timp arata o actiune anterioara unei alte actiuni sau unui moment viitor./e traduce cu timpul viitor anterior din limba romna.

Ex. >+ t(ree o#cloc! tomorro, I ill (ave reac(ed 3redeal.1ine pna la ora trei voi fi a0uns la 3redeal.$

#tre Perfe"t Continos /e formeaza cu 6uture 3erfect al verbului to be", la care se adauga forma-ing a verbului de con0ugat.

Ex. I s(all$ ill (ave been going.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

31/99

)(en +ou come (ome, I ill (ave been stud+ing for t(ree (ours.nd vei veni tu acasa, voi studia voi fi studiat$ de trei ore.

Arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intre doua momente viitoare. /e traducecu viitorul simplu sau cu viitorul anterior din limba romna.

Este un timp rar folosit.

#tre$in$t%e$Past Simple /e formeaza cu shouldpersoana I$ sau wouldtoate persoanele$, la care seadauga infinitivul verbului de con0ugat.AfirmativI s(ould$ ould go )e s(ould$ ould go%ou ould go %ou ould go&e's(e'it ould go *(e+ ould goNegativI s(ould$ ould not go )e s(ould$ ould not go%ou ould not go %ou ould not go&e's(e'it ould not go *(e+ ould not go 6orma scurta de la s(ould not" este shouldnt, iar cea de la ould not" estewouldnt.

Acest timp este folosit in concordanta timpurilor pentru a arata o actiuneposterioara unui moment sau unei actiuni din trecut.

Ex. &e said (e ould be late.El a spus ca va intrzia.$

Intruct nu poate fi intlnit dect in propozitii secundare dupa un verb latimpul trecut in propozitia principala$, nu se pune problema folosirii lui ainterogativ dect in intrebari dis0unctive.#tre$in$t%e$Past Continos /e formeaza cu 6uture-in-t(e-3ast /imple al verbului to be", la care seadauga forma -ing a verbului de con0ugat.I s(ould ould$ be going. Este un timp sestul de rar folosit. 3reia functiile lui 6uture *ense ontinuousintr-o propozitie secundara, atunci cnd in principala se afla un verb la trecut.

Ex. &e said t(at at ? o#cloc!, t(e next da+, (e ould be travelling to England.El a spus ca in ziua urmatoare, la ora ?, va calatori spre Anglia.$

Alte mi&loa"e 'e e!primare a viitorli Fresent imple G adverb de timp viitor$ &ntr-un astfel de context, arata un

proram precis, bine stabilit$

8x$ & leave for @ondon tomorrow$(FlecAvoi pleca la @ondra mine$

Fresent >ontinuous G adverb de timp viitor$ 9rata o intentie, un aran#ament

prealabil pentru viitorul apropiat$

8x$ & am meetin

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

32/99

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

33/99

%3$ Fna la ora %, ea va fi terminat curatenia in casa$

'4$ Vineri, intre orele %' si %, ei vor avea ultima ora de enle!a$'%$ 8l va studia in biblioteca luni de la ora % la $

''$ =in cau!a revei soferilor de autobu!e multa lume va mere pe #os la slu#ba,

mine$')$ Bite ce am cumparat la o licitatieH

'*$ 8 un obiect frumos$ Bnde il vei pune

LECTIA II

CONCORDANTA TIMPURILOR

oncordanta timpurilor se aplica, desigur, nu in propozitii, ci in fraze. Eaconsta in aceea ca folosirea unui anumit timp in propozitia principala obliga lafolosirea unui timp adecvat in propozitia secundara. e inseamna un timpadecvat" se va vedea in continuare.

Propo*itia prin"ipala

%$ un timp present"

Fresent 0ense imple, Fresent 0ense >ontinuous, Fresent Ferfect imple, Fresent

Ferfect >ontinuous

Propo*itia se"n'ara

Irice timp cerut de sens

Propo*itia prin"ipala

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

34/99

2. un timp past"

Fast 0ense imple, Fast 0ense >ontinuous, Fast Ferfect imple, Fast Ferfect>ontinuous

Propo*itia se"n'ara

Irice alt timp past"

8x. a) Past Tense actiune simultana Past Tense

.e said he was ill$(8l a spus ca este bolnav$

.e said he was oin to school$(8l a spus ca mere la scola$

b) Past Tense actiune anterioara Past Perfect

.e said he had returned home a week before$

(8l a spus ca se intorsese acasa cu o saptamna inainte$& arrived home after it had stopped rainin$

(9m a#uns acasa dupa ce incetase ploaia$

Nota 1: Daca intr-o fraza exista doua propozitii

secundara cu actiunea anterioara celei din principala, sepoate folosi Past Perfect in mod repetat.

8x$ he said she had forotten where she had put her lasses$

(8a a spus ca uitase unde si-a pus ochelarii$

c) Past Tense actiunea posterioara Future-in-te-Past

.e said he would leave the next day$

(8l a spus ca va pleca a doua !i$

he promised her mother she would help her$(8a i-a promis mamei sale ca o va a#uta$

Nota 2: Daca intr-o fraza exista doua propozitii

secundare cu actiune posterioara celei din principala,

dintre care una este temporala sau conditionala. Future-in-te-Past se poate folosi numai o sin!ura data, dupa

care in temporala sau conditionala) se intrebuinteaza

Past Tense pentru simultaneitate) sau Past Perfectpentru anterioritate).

8x$ .e said he would come to see me when he had time$

(8l a spus ca va veni sa ma vada cnd va avea timp$

.e said he would come to see me after he had finished work$(8l a spus ca va veni sa ma vada dupa ce va termina lucrul$

.e said he would buy a car if he had money$

(8l a spus ca va cumpara o masina daca va avea bani$

%$ un timp future"

0eoretic se poate folosi orice timp cerut de sens, cu eceptia propo!itii

temporale sau conditionale, care nu pot include un verb la viitor$

ituatiile cel mai des intlnite sunt urmatoarele:

a$ Future actiune simultana Present

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

35/99

I ill read t(is boo! (en I (ave time.8oi citi aceasta carte cnd voi avea timp.$I ill (ave finis(ed stud+ing (en +ou come (ome.8oi fi terminat de studiat cnd vei veni tu acasa.$

b$ Euture D actiune anterioara D Fresent Ferfect

& will o to 8nland after & have received a visa$(Voi mere in 9nlia dupa ce voi obtine vi!a$

Eceptii !e la concor!anta timpurilor

%$ cnd propo!itia secundara exprima un adevar eneral valabil$

8x$ 0he teacher told the pupils water boils at %44 o>$Frofesorul le-a spus elevilor ca apa fierbe la %44 o>$

'$ cnd propo!itia secundara este atributiva$

8x$ 0he book & am readin now was iven to me by my brother$>artea pe care o citesc acum mi-a fost data de fratele meu$

)$ >nd propo!itia secundara este comparativa$

8x$ @ast year & worked more than & have done this year$

9nul trecut am muncit mai mult dect anul acesta$

Nota: #n limba en!leza contemporana, se poate obser$a uneori ooarecare tendinta de a nu se respecta concordanta timpurilor atunci

c%nd $erbul din propozitia principala este la trecut. &e poate int%lni, de

exemplu, o formulare de tipul' (e said e lo$es me". ste posibil caceea ce apare acum ca tendinta, cu timpul, sa a*un!a re!ula. Pentru

moment insa, sfatuim pe $orbitorii rom%ni de limba en!leza sa respecte

re!ulile de concordanta a timpurilor asa cum sunt prezentate mai sus.

Eercitii cu concor!anta timpurilor

%$ Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul corect (Fast 0ense imple sau>ontinuous)! av"nd in vedere simultaneitatea actiunilor din propozitia

principala si cea secundara:

%$ &t was clear they (talk business aain$'$ & believed you (be at the seaside$

)$ & understood you (be a painter$

*$ 0hey didn5t know that & (play football$

$ .e reali!ed he (not remember ontinuous)! tin"nd seama de relatia de anterioritate e#primata de verbul dinpropozitia principala sau din cea secundara:

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

36/99

%$ he told me his name after he (leave$

'$ he didn5t even say thank you after all & (do for her$)$ 9fter & (hear the news, & conratulated him$

*$ 7hen & arrived, the concert already (bein$

$ 7hen it started to rain, we (di in the arden for an hour$$ .e didn5t admit that he (steal the book$

/$ .e #ust (leave home when he came across

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

37/99

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

38/99

3$ 0ata imi va da un cadou dupa ce voi lua examenul$

%4$ 6asina pe cae o voi cumpara va fi importata din Jermania$%%$ 6-a intrebat cte litere sunt in alfabetul chine! si nu am putut sa-& raspund$

%'$ Folitistul ma va intreba ce am va!ut in timpul accidentul$

LECTIA II

Exercitii cu concordanta timpurilor

E!er"itil +,

9. t(e+ ere tal!ing. @. +ou ere. ?. +ou ere. . I pla+ed'I as pla+ing. B. didnot remember. C. +ou spo!e. D. as s(ining. . I usuall+ read.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

39/99

E!er"itil /,

9. I (ave received. @. arrive. ?. +ou finis(. . (e (as repaired. B. I (ave. C. +ousee, s(e loo!s. D. +ou see, s(e (as c(anged. . begin.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

40/99

Present Con'itional 4"on'itional pre*ent5

/e formeaza cu shouldsi wouldla persoana I si wouldla persoanele II si III,la care se adauga infinitivul prezent al verbului de con0ugat.

Afirmativ

I s(ould'ould go )e s(ould'ould go

%ou ould go %ou ould go&e's(e'it ould go *(e+ ould not go

Negativ

I s(ould'ould not go )e s(ould'ould not go%ou ould not go %ou ould not go&e's(e'it ould not go *(e+ ould not go6orme prescurtate: s(ouldn#t, ouldn#t.

Interogativ

/(ould I go /(ould e go)ould +ou go )ould +ou go)ould (e's(e'it go )ould t(e+ go

/e traduce cu conditionalul prezent din limba romna as merge, ai merge, armerge etc.$.

Past Con'itional 4"on'itional tre"t5

/e traduce cu s(ould'ould la care se adauga infinitivul trecut (ave = formaIII a verbului de con0ugat$.

Afirmativ

I s(ould'ould (ave gone%ou ould (ave gone

&e's(e'it ould (ave gone)e s(ould'ould (ave gone%ou ould (ave gone*(e+ ould (ave gone

Negativ

I s(ould'ould not (ave gone%ou ould not (ave gone&e's(e'it ould not (ave gone)e s(ould'ould not (ave gone%ou ould not (ave gone*(e+ ould not (ave gone

Interogativ

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

41/99

/(ould I (ave gone /(ould e (ave gone)ould +ou (ave gone )ould +ou (ave gone)ould (e's(e'it (ave gone )ould t(e+ (ave gone

/e traduce cu conditionalul trecut din limba romna as fi mers, ai fi mers, arfi mers etc.$.

#ra*ele "on'itionale 4If$Clases5

Exista trei tipuri de fraze conditionale:

Tipul 1Propozitia principala Propozitia secundara

Future Present I will go to t(e seaside if t(e eat(er is fine.8oi merge la mare daca vremea va fi buna.$

I will sta+ at (ome if it rains8oi sta acasa daca va ploua.$

Tipul ! Propozitia principala Propozitia secundara

Present "onditional Sub#onctiv cu $orma de Past TenseI would go to t(e seaside if t(e eat(er were fine.As merge la mare daca vremea ar fi buna.$

I would sta+ at (ome if it rainedAs sta acasa daca ar ploua.$

Nota 1:Trebuie sa se tina seama ca sub*oncti$ul folosit inpropozitia secundara are forma lui Past Tense &imple la

toate $erbele, cu exceptia $erbului to be", unde se

int%lneste forma +ere" la toate persoanele.

Tipul Propozitia principala Propozitia secundara

Past onditional &ub*oncti$ cu forma de Past Perfect

& would have one to the seaside if the weather had been fine$(9s fi mers la mare daca vremea ar fi fost buna$

& would have stayed at home if it had rained$

(9s fi stat acasa daca ar fi plouat$

Nota 2:D ifpoate fi inlocuit depro$ided tat), pro$idin!,supposin!, suppose, in case.

7hat shall we do, supposin he is late

(>e vom face presupunnd ca el intr!ie

o if notpoate fi inlocuit cu unless

& won5t o shoppin unless you come with me$& won5t o shoppin if you don5t come with me$

Nota ":sould infiniti$ poate fi folosit la tipul /, in loc

de Present &imple, atunci c%nd actiunea din secundara

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

42/99

este posibila, dar improbabila. 0cest tip de secundara

este adesea combinat cu imperati$ul. #n acest caz, souldse traduce cu' in caz ca, daca s-ar int%mpla ca.

8x$ &f she should rin up, tell her & am out$

&n ca! ca telefonea!a, spune-& ca nu sunt acasa$

=e asemenea,souldpoate fi folosit in secundara la tipul ' de fra!a conditionala$8x$ &f the police should find out the truth, we would be fined$

(&n ca! ca politia ar afla adevarulA =aca s-ar intmpla ca politia sa

afle adevarul, noi am fi amendati$Nota #:0tunci c%nd if este urmat de un $erb auxiliar ex. +ere,ad, sould), este posibila omiterea lui if, si in acest caz se

in$erseaza ordinea subiect auxiliar.

8x$ D if he were here D were he hereD if it had rained D had it rained

D if he should come D should he come

E!er"itii " fra*e "on'itionale%$ Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul corect! tin"nd seama de aptul ca raza

conditionala este de tipul :

%$ &f & see him, & (reet him$

'$ &f you don5t hurry, you (be late$

)$ &f she finds out what has happened, she (be very anry$*$ & (lend you the book if you promise to return it in time$

$ &f & tell you somethin, you (promise to keep it a secret

$ Bnless you study more, you (not pass the exam$/$ &f it (o on rainin, we shall have floods$

2$ &f you (take a do, you will have to look after it$

3$ &f & like the dress, & (buy it$

%4$ Bnless you come at , you (not find me at home$

%$ Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul corect! tin"nd seama de aptul ca razaconditionala este de tipul 2:

%$ &f & (know his phone-number, & would rin him up$

'$ &f & (move to the country-side, would you visit me)$ +ou (buy this house if you had money

*$ &f he were more careful, he (not make so many mistakes$

$ 7hat would you do if you (be Frime 6inister$ &f & (ive up smokin, & would be nervous$

/$ &f & won the lottery, & (buy a car$

2$ hould he have a headache, he (take a pill$

3$ 7ere & in your place, & (not do this$%4$ 7here you (o if you had a holiday

%$ Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul corect! tin"nd seama de aptul ca raza

conditionala este de tipul 3:

%$ &f you had known 8nlish, you (read hakespeare in the oriinal$'$ &f & (work harder, & would have succeeded$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

43/99

)$ &f you had taken my advice, you (not et into trouble$

*$ &f & (know you had no drivin licence, & wouldn5t have come with you in yourcar$

$ .e would have been arrested if he (try to leave the country$

$ & wouldn5t have come unless you (invite me$/$ .ad & learned 8nlish rammar, & (not make so many mistakes in my

translation$

2$ &f he (reali!e it was so late, he would have one home$3$ &f & (not tell him, he would never have known$

%4$ .ad & been at home, & (answer the phone$

%$ Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul corect! tin"nd seama ca se poate int"lni

oricare dintre cele 3 tipuri de raze conditionale:

%$ &t (be better if you had waited$'$ &f & (be you, & would o home immediately$

)$ & (answer your ;uestion if & can$

*$ .e (tell you if you had asked him$$ &f you (drive more carefully, you wouldn5t have an accident$

$ &f the child is ood, he (et a bar of chocolate$

/$ .e will be at the airport in time if he (leave now$2$ &f & (see him, & would speak to him$

3$ &f he had written a letter to me, & (answer it$

%4$ +ou (be sick if you eat so much$

%$ Traduceti in limba engleza:

%$ =aca va ploua, stra!ile vor fi ude$'$ =aca ar ploua, stra!ile ar fi ude$

)$ =acaar fi plouat, stra!ile ar fi fost ude$

*$ Vei prinde trenul daca vei lua un taxi$$ 9i fi prins trenul daca ai fi luat un taxi$

$ 9i prinde trenul daca ai lua un taxi$

/$ 0e vei supara daca iti voi lua creionul2$ 0e-ai supara daca ti-as lua creionul

3$ 0e-ai fi suparat daca ti-as fi luat creionul

%4$ >e vei face daca il vei intlni pe e-ai face daca l-ai intlni pe e s-ar fi intmplat daca ai fi condus cu vite!a mare

*$ ?u vom mere la plimbare daca nu va sta ploaia$

$ 6i-ar placea mai mult piesa daca ar fi mai scurta$$ =aca cina nu va fi ata la timp, voi mnca la un restaurant$

/$ =aca n-ai fi inchis fereastra, mi-ar fi fost fri$

2$ 9s mai croseta un pulover daca as mai avea lna$

3$ 6amaia ar fi un loc ideal pentru o vacanta daca n-ar fi att de multi oameniacolo$

%4$ Voi fi de!amait daca nu voi afla adevarul$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

44/99

LECTIA III

Exercitii cu fraze conditionale

E!er"itil +,

l. I ill greet @. +ou ill be. ?. s(e ill be. . I ill lend. B. ill +ou promise C.+ou ill not pass. D. it goes on. . +ou ta!e.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

45/99

l. It ould (ave been. @. I ere. ?. I ill anser. . (e ould (ave told. B. +ou(ad driven. C. (e ill get. D. (e leaves. . I sa.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

46/99

VOR6IREA DIRECTA SI INDIRECTA

%orbirea directa: 4o(n said: /(e is not at (ome"%orbirea indirecta: 4o(n said s(e as not at (ome.

3entru a trece o propozitie de la vorbirea directa la vorbirea indirecta, trebuierespectate o serie de reguli.

%$ 9tunci cnd verbul din propo!itia principala este la trecut, ceea ce se intmpla in

ma#oritatea ca!urilor, in propo!itia secundara se schimba timpurile dupa cumurmea!a:

Fresent past

Fresent perfect past perfect

Fast past perfect

Euture future-in-the-past

Ex. 5 &e said I am ill". &e said (e as ill.o .e said & have been workin hard$ .e said he had been workin hard$

o .e said & was ill"$ .e said he had been ill$

o .e said & will do the exercise"$ .e said he would do the exercise$

%$ e schimba pronumele, in functie de sens$

Ex. &e said: /(e gave mea boo!".

&e said s(e (ad given hima boo!.

'$ e schimba o serie de cuvinte in functie de sens$

8x$ today that day

yesterday the day beforeAthe previous day

the day before yesterday two days before

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

47/99

tomorrow the next dayAthe followin day

the day after tomorrow in two days5 time

next week the nextAthe followin week

two years ao two years before

now then

this that

these those

here there

Ex. &e said: I#ll be at (ome toda+". &e said (e ould be at (ome ont(at da+.

&e said: I am going to do t(is traslation tomorro". &e said (e asgoing to do t(at translation t(e next da+.

)$ Era!ele conditionale sunt trecute la vorbirea indirecta in modul urmator:

o tipul % devine tipul ':

"&f it rains, & will stay at home$"

&e said if it rained (e ould sta+ at (ome.o tipurile ' si ) nu se schimba:

"&f it rained, & would stay at home$"

&e said if itrained (e ould sta+ at (ome."If it (ad rained, I ould (ave sta+ed at (ome."

&e said if it (ad rained (e ould (ave sta+ed at (ome.%$ Verbele modale would, should, ouht to, could, miht ramn neschimbate la

vorbirea indirecta$

8x$ .e said: & miht be late"

.e said he miht be late$

Mo'alitati 'e intro'"ere a propo*itiilor se"n'arein vor7irea in'ire"ta

%$ 0firmatii: cu tat(care se poate omite

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

48/99

Ex. &e said: I am ill".&e said t(at$ (e as ill.

'$ omenzi: cu infinitivul (afirmativ sau neativ

8x$ .e said Jo out"$ .e told me to o out$

.e said =on5t o out".e told me not to o out$

?. &ntrebariExista doua tipuri de intrebari: generale si speciale. Intrebarile generale sunt

cele care incep cu un verb, iar raspunsul poate fi da sau nu.Ex. )(ere (ave +ou beenI#ve been aa+, on (olida+.

Intrebarile generale se introduc cu i$ sau whether daca$.Ex. &e as!ed me if I li!ed music.Intrebarile speciale se introduc cu cuvntul interogativ respectiv. Ex. &e

as!ed me (ere I (ad been.In cazul intrebarilor speciale trecute la vorbirea indirecta, trebuie acordata

atentie ordinei cuvintelor din propozitia secundara. Intruct aceasta propozitie

incepe cu un cuvnt interogativ, exista tentatia de a folosi ordinea cuvintelor dinpropozitiile interogative, ceea ce este o greseala.Ex. &e as!ed me: )(at is t(e time"orect: &e as!ed me (at t(e time as.

Incorect: &e as!ed me (at as t(e time.E!er"itii " vor7irea 'ire"ta si vor7irea in'ire"ta 1. Treceti urmatoarele afirmatii de la vorbirea directa la vorbireaindirecta (verbul introductiv este la trecut):

'odel:&e said I ill leave for 7ondon tomorro".

&e said t(at$ (e ould leave for 7ondon t(e next da+.

%$ 0he weather was fine yesterday$'$ & saw this film a week ao$

)$ & will o shoppin riht now$*$ @ast year & spent my holiday at the seaside$

$ & think it5s oin to rain tomorrow$

$ & don5t remember where & have bouht this dictionary$/$ & am very busy today$

2$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

49/99

)$ Kead the text, pleaseH

*$ 7rite me a letter when you et to 8nlandH$ =on5t cross the street on a red lihtH

$ 1e careful with my booksH

/$ =on5t smoke so muchH2$ 0ake this pillH

3$ =on5t interrupt me when & am speakinH

%4$ Kin me up when you arrive homeH

3. Treceti urmatoarele intrebari generale la vorbirea indirecta (verbul

introductiv este la trecut):

1odel:

)ill +ou be at (ome tomorro"&e as!ed me if I ould be at (ome t(e next da+.%$ 7ill you help me, please

'$ >an you come to tea this afternoon

)$ .as the train left

*$ =o you know what this word means$ 7as your mother at home

$ =id you buy this book yesterday

/$ =id you drink coffee every day2$ 7ere you at the library yesterday

3$ =o you live in @ondon for a lon time

%4$ >an you speak 8nlish%%$ 7ould you like a cake

%'$ >ould you lend me a book, please

4. Treceti urmatoarele intrebari speciale la vorbirea indirecta (verbul

introductiv este la trecut):

1odel:

&e said: )(en did +ou come bac!"&e as!ed me (en I (ad come bac!.%$ .ow lon have you been learnin 8nlish'$ 7hat are you oin to do tomorrow

)$ .ow lon does it take you to reach your office

*$ 7hen will you be back

$ 7here will you spend your weekend$ 7ho is this man

/$ 7hy is it so dark in this room

2$ 7hen did the rain stop3$ 7hich of these cakes do you prefer

%4$ .ow did you travel

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

50/99

LECTIA I$

Exercitii cu vorbirea directa si indirecta

E!er"itil +,

9. &e said t(e eat(er (ad been fine t(e da+ before. @. &e said (e (ad seent(at film a ee! before. ?. &e said s(e ould go s(opping rig(t t(en. . &e said(e (ad spent (is (olida+ at t(e seaside t(e +ear before. B. &e said (e t(oug(t itas going to rain t(e next da+. C. &e said (e didn#t remember (ere (e (adboug(t t(at dictionar+. D. &e said (e as ver+ bus+ on t(at da+. . &e said 4o(n(ad left for /inaia to da+s before.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

51/99

as!ed me (ic( of t(ose ca!es I preferred. 9. &e as!ed me (o I (adtravelled.

LECTIA $

3asivul se formeaza con0ugnd verbul to be la timpul cerut de sens, la carese adauga forma III participiul trecut$ a verbului de con0ugat.

Ex. I am as!ed.I (ave been as!ed.

I as as!ed.I (ad been as!ed.I ill be as!ed.

In limba romna, trecerea de la diateza activa la diateza pasiva se face printransformarea complementului direct in subiect.

Ex. Activ: irectorul m-a c(emat pe mine.3asiv: Eu am fost c(emat de director.

In limba engleza, exista trei tipuri de complemente care pot deveni subiect intransformarea de la activ la pasiv: complementul direct, complementul indirectsi, in unele cazuri, complementul prepozitional.

Ex. Activ: I gave (im a boo!.2nde complementul direct este a book, iar complementul indirect este him.

Ambele complemente pot deveni subiecte in cazul trecerii la pasiv. esigur,subiectul va fi trecut la cazul nominativ.

omplement direct /ubiectA boo! as given to (im. b+ me$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

52/99

omplement indirect /ubiect&e as given a boo!. b+ me$

In propozitia( &n this o$$ice they insist on punctuality, punctuality este uncomplement prepozitional, care, de asemenea, poate deveni subiect in cazulfolosirii diatezei pasive: &n this o$$ice punctuality is insisted on b+ t(em$.

2n alt exemplu de complement prepozitional care poate deveni subiect.Activ: /(e loo!ed after t(e c(ild.

3asiv: *(e c(ild as loo!ed after b+ (er$.

In multe cazuri, pasivul se foloseste atunci cnd nu este important cine faceactiunea. In aceste situatii, se omite formularea by, de la sfrsitul propozitiei.Ex. In t(is office punctualit+ is insisted on.

Nota:&e poate folosit aspectul continuu al diatezei pasi$e numai la

Present Tense si Past Tense.

8x$ 7hile & am in hospital, my flat is bein! painted.

7hile & was in hospital, my flat +as bein! painted.

)*ercitii cu diateza pasiva

%$ Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva:

%$ 0hey will finish the work today$'$ .e has found your ba$

)$ & will invite my friend to a party$

*$ omeone has found the missin child$$ 9 specialist will repair my 0V set$

$ .is coworkers must do somethin for him$

/$ Feople play football all over the world$

2$ 0he noise frihtened me$3$ 0hey are buildin a new house round the corner$

%4$ 0hey were buildin a new supermarket in that district last month, when & passed

by$

2. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva in doua eluri! transorm"nd

at"t complementul direct c"t si cel indirect in subiecte:

%$ 0he doctor prescribed some pills to the patient$

'$ 0hey have iven me a nice present$)$ 0he policeman will show us the way$

*$ & teach them 8nlish$

$ & have lent

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

53/99

)$ 7e couldn5t account for his odd behaviour$

*$ 1urlars broke into the house$$ =on5t speak until someone speaks to you$

$ .e hasn5t slept in his bed$

/$ 7e lauhed at onstanta$/$ 9ceasta informatie treuie tratata confidential$

2$ ensurile cuvintelor noi trebuie cautate in dictionar$

3$ >nd a a#uns acasa si-a dat seama ca & se furase portofelul$%4$ >ursul profesorului a fost ascultat de toti studentii$

%%$ ?i se vor da instructiuni detaliate in privinta referatului$

%'$ e construiesc multe blocuri noi in cartierul nostru$

%)$ 6u!eul a fost inchis pentru reparatii$%*$ 9cest timbru nu a fost bine lipit pe plic$

%$ 9merica a fost descoperita la sfrsitul secolului al LV-lea$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

54/99

LECTIA $

Exercitii cu diateza pasiva

E!er"itil +,

9. *(e or! ill be finis(ed toda+ b+ t(em$. @. %our bag (as been found b+(im$. ?. 1+ friend ill be invited to a part+ b+ me$. . *(e missing c(ild (asbeen found b+ someone$. B. 1+ *8 set ill be repaired b+ a specialist. C./omet(ing must be done for (im b+ (is coor!ers. D. 6ootball is pla+ed all overt(e orld. . I as frig(tened b+ t(e noise.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

55/99

E!er"itil -,

9. *(e patient as prescribed some pills b+ t(e doctor$. /ome pills ereprescribed to t(e patient b+ t(e doctor$. @. I (ave been given a nice present b+t(em$. A nice present (as been given to me b+ t(em$. ?. )e ill be s(on t(ea+ b+ t(e policeman. *(e a+ ill be s(on to us b+ t(e policeman. . Englis(is taug(t to t(em b+ me$. *(e+ are taug(t Englis( b+ me$. B. 4o(n (as beenlent to of m+ boo!s b+ me$. *o of m+ boo!s (ave been lent to 4o(n b+ me$.C. *(e Gomanian film director as aarded t(e Freat 3rize b+ t(e 0ur+$. *(eFreat 3rize as aarded to t(e Gomanian film director b+ t(e 0ur+$. D. *(etourists ere s(on t(e museum b+ t(e guide$. *(e museum as s(on to t(etourists b+ t(e guide$. . I ill be given a reard b+ t(em$. A reard ill begiven to me b+ t(em$.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

56/99

realized (is allet (ad been stolen. 9. *(e professor#s lecture as listened tob+ all t(e students. 99. )e ill be given detailed instructions about t(e paper.etailed instructions ill be given to us about t(e paper. 9@. 1an+ ne bloc!sare being built in our district. 9?. *(e museum as closed for repairs. 9. *(isstamp (asn#t been ell stuc! on t(e envelope. 9B. America as discovered att(e end of t(e 9Bt(centur+.

LECTIA $I

VER6ELE MODALE

Can8 "ol'8 ma98 mig%t8 mst8 nee'8 s%ol'8 og%t to8 s%all8 :ill8:ol'.

Cara"teristi"i generale

?u primesc toinaintea lor si dupa ele:

8x$ an is a model verb$& can do this$ (Fot sa fac aceasta$

pre deosebire de:

& want to do this$ (Vreau sa fac aceasta$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

57/99

?u primescsla persoana &&& sinular, pre!ent$

8x$ .e can speak 8nlish$

?u formea!a neativul si interoativul cu to do"$

8x$ .e cannot (can5t speak 8nlish$

?u au toate timpurile$ e folosesc inlocuitori$

Can

%$ are sensul de a putea, a fi in stare

8x$ & can make this traslation$

>an M infiniti$, prezent

e!ati$: cannot, can5t8x$ & cannot (can5t make this translation$

#ntero!ati$: >an & >an you etc$

8x$ >an you make this translation

ould3Past Tense, conditional prezent al verbului cane!ati$: could not (couldn5t

#ntero!ati$: >ould & >ould you etc$8x$ & couldn5t come to you yesterday$

?-am putut sa vin la tine ieri$

>ould you help me9i putea sa ma a#uti

3entru conditionalul trecutse foloseste could = infinitivul trecut

Ex. &e could (ave been (ere in time.

Ar fi putut sa fie aici in timp.3entru celelalte timpuri se foloseste inlocuitorul to be able toEx. I ill be able to come to +ou tomorro.8oi putea veni la tine mine.I (aven#t been able to ring +ou up t(is ee!.;-am putut sa-ti telefonez saptamna aceasta.

'$ 9rata o anumita abilitate fi!ica sau intelectuala$ e traduce cu a sti sa.

8x$ & can swim$ (tiu sa inot$& can speak 8nlish$ (tiu sa vorbesc enle!a$

>u acest sens, timpurile se folosesc ca la punctul % (could pentru Fast 0ense si

conditionalul pre!ent, inlocuitorul to be able to pentru celelalte timpuri$$8x$ & will tbe able to drive a car after & have taken a few lessons$

Voi sti sa conduc masina dupa ce voi lua cteva lectii$

)$ &n vorbirea familiara, can poate fi folosit cu sensul lui may de a aveapermisiunea"$

8x$ Eather, can & take your car

0ata, potAam permisiunea sa iau masina ta

*$ >an5tAcouldn5t D nu se poate sa, nu e posibil sa$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

58/99

8x$ &t can5tAcouldn5t be 3 o5clock$ 0he sun hasn5t set yet$

?u se poate sa fie ora 3$ oarele nu a apus inca$Fentru a reda ideea de trecut cu acest sens, se foloseste infinitivul trecut$

8x$ +ou can5tAcouldn5t have seen

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

59/99

8x$ & didn5t have to finish the translation yesterday$

'$ =e asemenea, poate avea sensulprobabil ca:

8x$ &t must be late$ @et5s o home$

Frobabil ca e tr!iu$ .ai sa merem acasa$

ouldn5t you see it was oin to rain

?u era nevoie sa u!i florile$ ?-ai va!ut ca urma sa ploua

=aca actiunea nu era necesara si nu a fost facuta, se foloseste didn5t need G

infinitivul

8x$ 7e didn5t need to do this exercise$

0he teacher told us it was too easy for us$?u a fost nevoie sa facem acest exercitiu$ Frofesorul ne-a spus ca e prea usor pentru

noi$

Nota: u trebuie confundat need not cu must not. eed not se

traduce cu nu e ne$oie". 1ust not se traduce cu nu trebuie".

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

60/99

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

61/99

Fresupunere : se traduce in limba romna cu o fi$

0his irl looks very much like an you help me3$ +ou mustn5t do this $

%4$ 6ay & walk on the rass

%%$ .e may not come in wearin dirty boots$%'$ & must learn 8nlish$

%)$ +ou may not speak to your mother like that$

%*$ & must look up the words in the dictionary$

%$ he can play the piano very well$%$ >an an you speak >hinese

%2$ 8verybody may borrow books from this library$%3$ 6ust you be so rude

'4$ he can read and write at the ae of five$

%$ ,edati ideea de trecut in urmatoarele propozitii olosind ininitivul trecut in

loc de ininitivul prezent:

%$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

62/99

2$ +ou miht chane your mind about that$

3$ .e may be at home$%4$ &t can5t be easy to learn >hinese$

%%$ .e should o to school everyday$

%'$ +ou can5t be pleased with this piece of news$%)$ +ou miht pay more attention to your work$

%*$ +ou needn5t do this$

%$ +ou can5t see a bear in this part of the country$%$ .e needn5t buy milkC there is plenty in the fride$

%/$ .e must be in the arden at this time of the day$

%2$ &t must be difficult to climb this mountain$

%3$ +ou shouldn5t o to bed so late$'4$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

63/99

$ & think she was anry with you$

$ 9 ood knowlede of 8nlish is likely to help you a lot in your career$/$ &t is possible that he was riht but & don5t think so$

2$ Ferhaps he has done the exercise correctly, but & doubt it$

3$ Ferhaps she has returned the book to you and you have lent it to someone else$%4$ Ferhaps she was out when you ran her up$

'. ,eormulati urmatoarele propozitii olosind can-t * ininitivul prezent sau

ininitivul trecut:

'odel:I don#t believe +ou are rig(t.

%ou can#t be rig(t.I don#t believe +ou ere rig(t.

%ou can#t (ave been rig(t.%$ & don5t believe it is his fault$

'$ & don5t believe it was his fault$

)$ & don5t believe that he has passed the exam$*$ & don5t believe she has ot so fat$

$ & don5t think the weather will chane$

$ & don5t think he is at the office so late at niht$/$ & don5t believe she has learnt 8nlish in two months$

2$ & don5t believe she has married that awful man$

3$ & don5t think this is a true story$

%4$ & don5t think you will miss the train if you hurry$

%$ Completati spatiile goale cu mustn-t sau needn-t :

%$ +ou N take an umbrella$ 0he sky is clear$

'$ & N return the books before the %stof eptember$

)$ +ou Nmake a noise or the baby will wake up$*$ +ouNwater the flowers, it will soon start rainin$

$ 0he visitors N feed the animals in the Ooo$

$ Feople N speak durin the concert$/$ Ine Nbuy a ticket for a slow train in advance$

2$ Ine N travel by bus without payin the fare$

3$ +ou N take sleepin pills too oftenC they are addictive$

%4$ +ou N worry about money$ &5ll ive you as much as you want$

%$ Completati spatiile goale cu s%ould sau /ould:

%$ +ou Nnot o to bed so late at niht$

'$ N you help me solve this problem

)$ 7hen & was youn, & Nwear my hair lon$*$ & Nhurry up in order not to miss the train$

$ 6y child Nplay with the cat for hours on end$

$ Nyou be so kind and pass me the salt, please/$ .e always made mistakes because he Nnever take any advice$

2$ +ou Nnot eat so many sweets if you don5t want to et fat$

3$ +ou Nnot expect everybody to obey you$

%4$ 7hen & was a teenaer, & Nread one book a day$

0. Completati spatiile goale cu s%all sau /ill:

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

64/99

%$ .e Nread for hours on end$

'$ Nyou tell me the truth, for once)$ 0his Nbe

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

65/99

2$ 9r trebui ca toti copiii sa faca treburi in casa$

3$ 9r fi trebuit sa citesc bibliorafia pentru acest seminar$%4$ 0oata lumea sa fie pre!enta la sedinta$

%%$ Va trebui sa plec curnd$

%'$ ?u e nevoie sa-ti cari sinura baa#ul in araC te-ar putea a#uta un hamal$%)$ 0rebuie sa-mi schimb pantofii cnd intru in casa pentru ca sunt plini de noroi$

%*$ 8 nevoie sa urcam la cabana pe #os

%$ ?u, putem lua autobu!ul sau telefericul$%$ ?u a fost nevoie sa-& telefone! lui

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

66/99

VER6ELE MODALE

Can8 "ol'8 ma98 mig%t8 mst8 nee'8 s%ol'8 og%t to8 s%all8 :ill8:ol'.

Cara"teristi"i generale

?u primesc toinaintea lor si dupa ele:

8x$ an is a model verb$

& can do this$ (Fot sa fac aceasta$

pre deosebire de:& want to do this$ (Vreau sa fac aceasta$

?u primescsla persoana &&& sinular, pre!ent$

8x$ .e can speak 8nlish$

?u formea!a neativul si interoativul cu to do"$

8x$ .e cannot (can5t speak 8nlish$

?u au toate timpurile$ e folosesc inlocuitori$

Can

$ are sensul de a putea, a fi in stare8x$ & can make this traslation$

>an M infiniti$, prezent

e!ati$: cannot, can5t

8x$ & cannot (can5t make this translation$#ntero!ati$: >an & >an you etc$

8x$ >an you make this translationould3Past Tense, conditional prezent al verbului can

e!ati$: could not (couldn5t

#ntero!ati$: >ould & >ould you etc$8x$ & couldn5t come to you yesterday$

?-am putut sa vin la tine ieri$

>ould you help me

9i putea sa ma a#uti

3entru conditionalul trecutse foloseste could = infinitivul trecut

Ex. &e could (ave been (ere in time.Ar fi putut sa fie aici in timp.3entru celelalte timpuri se foloseste inlocuitorul to be able toEx. I ill be able to come to +ou tomorro.8oi putea veni la tine mine.I (aven#t been able to ring +ou up t(is ee!.;-am putut sa-ti telefonez saptamna aceasta.

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

67/99

$ 9rata o anumita abilitate fi!ica sau intelectuala$ e traduce cu a sti sa.

8x$ & can swim$ (tiu sa inot$& can speak 8nlish$ (tiu sa vorbesc enle!a$

>u acest sens, timpurile se folosesc ca la punctul % (could pentru Fast 0ense si

conditionalul pre!ent, inlocuitorul to be able to pentru celelalte timpuri$$8x$ & will tbe able to drive a car after & have taken a few lessons$

Voi sti sa conduc masina dupa ce voi lua cteva lectii$

/$ &n vorbirea familiara, can poate fi folosit cu sensul lui may de a avea

permisiunea"$

8x$ Eather, can & take your car

0ata, potAam permisiunea sa iau masina ta

2$ >an5tAcouldn5t D nu se poate sa, nu e posibil sa$

8x$ &t can5tAcouldn5t be 3 o5clock$ 0he sun hasn5t set yet$?u se poate sa fie ora 3$ oarele nu a apus inca$

Fentru a reda ideea de trecut cu acest sens, se foloseste infinitivul trecut$

8x$ +ou can5tAcouldn5t have seen

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

68/99

Mst)$ 9 trebui

8x$ &t5s ot late$ & must o home$

-a facut tr!iu$ 0rebuie sa plec acasa$

?eativ: must not, mustn5t&nteroativ: 6ust & 6ust you

6ust M infinitiv, pre!ent

?u are alte timpuri$e foloseste inlocuitorul to a$e to$

8x$ & had to finish the traslation yesterday$

9 trebuit sa termin traducerea ieri$

& will have to finish the translation tomorrow$Va trebui sa termin traducerea mine$

0rebuie mentionat faptul ca inlocuitorul lui must, to a$e to formea!a

interoativul si neativul cu a#utorul auxiliarului to do$8x$ & didn5t have to finish the translation yesterday$

*$ =e asemenea, poate avea sensulprobabil ca:

8x$ &t must be late$ @et5s o home$Frobabil ca e tr!iu$ .ai sa merem acasa$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

69/99

8x$ +ou needn5t have watered the flowers$

>ouldn5t you see it was oin to rain?u era nevoie sa u!i florile$ ?-ai va!ut ca urma sa ploua

=aca actiunea nu era necesara si nu a fost facuta, se foloseste didn5t need G

infinitivul

8x$ 7e didn5t need to do this exercise$

0he teacher told us it was too easy for us$?u a fost nevoie sa facem acest exercitiu$ Frofesorul ne-a spus ca e prea usor pentru

noi$

Nota: u trebuie confundat need not cu must not. eed not se

traduce cu nu e ne$oie". 1ust not se traduce cu nu trebuie".

8x$ +ou needn5t drive so fastC we have enouh time$

?u e nevoie sa conduci att de repedeC avem destul timp$

+ou mustn5t drive so fastC there is a speed limit here$

?u trebuie sa conduci att de repedeC aici e limita de vite!a$

S%ol'8 Og%t toAmbele verbe indica o actiune corecta, o obligatie morala, o recomandare.

/e traduc cu: ar trebui sa, ar $i cazul sa, ar $i bine saEx. %ou s(ould'oug(t to (elp +our mot(er it( (ouseor!.Ar trebui sa o a0uti pe mama ta la treburile casei.3entru a reda ideea de trecut, se adauga infinitivul trecut.Ex. %ou s(ould not'oug(t not to (ave been so rude to (im.

;u ar fi trebuit sa fii att de nepoliticos cu el.S%all

6olosit cu persoana I, s(all indica viitorul.6olosit cu persoana I, interogativ, poate indica, de asemenea, solicitarea unui

sfat, o oferta sau o sugestie.Ex. )(ic( dress s(all I bu+

e roc(ie sa cumpar/(all I ait for +ou

/a te astept/(all e meet at one o#cloc!/a ne intlnim la ora 9

6olosit cu persoanele II si III, shallpoate arata o promisiune, o obligatie sau oamenintare care provin de la cel care vorbeste.

Ex. 1ot(er to c(ild: %ou s(all (ave a bic+cle if +ou pass t(e exam.1ama spune copilului: 8ei avea o bicicleta daca vei lua examenul.1ot(er to c(ild: %ou s(all not get an+ poc!et-mone+ if +ou don#t pass t(e

exam.1ama spune copilului: ;u vei mai primi nici un ban de buzunar daca nu vei

lua examenul.;ill8 ;ol' Eormula de politete, cerere politicoasa:

7ill youAwould you sit down

7ill youAwould you help me with my translation, please

9 voi (cu sens extins la obiecte:

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

70/99

0his child willAwould not do what & say$

9cest copil nu vrea sa faca ce-& spun$0his radio won5t work$

9ctiune repetata :

- in perioada prezenta

6y mother will sit for hours watchin 0V$

6ama mea obisnuieste sa stea ore intrei privind la televi!or$

o in trecut

7hen & was a child, my mother would read me fairy tales$

>nd eram copil, mama obisnuia sa-mi citeasca povesti$

Fresupunere : se traduce in limba romna cu o fi$

0his irl looks very much like

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

71/99

)/$ >an you speak >hinese

)2$ 8verybody may borrow books from this library$)3$ 6ust you be so rude

*4$ he can read and write at the ae of five$

'$ ,edati ideea de trecut in urmatoarele propozitii olosind ininitivul trecut in

loc de ininitivul prezent:

'%$

8/13/2019 Engleza Curs 20121

72/99

%3$ .e was probably late$

'4$ +ou have probably forotten his address$

&. ,eormulati urmatoarele propozitii olosind ma * ininitivul prezent sau

ininitivul trecut:

'odel:3er(aps it snos in t(e mountains.It ma+'mig(t sno in t(e mountains.3er(aps it snoed in t(e mountains