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JURNALISM, ANUL 1-2, CURS 12

PRESENT SIMPLE: AFFIRMATIVE FREQUENCY ADVERBS (prezentul simplu: afirmativ adverbe de frecven)

Statements (afirmaii): we use the present simple to describe general facts,

repeated actions and habits, things that are always true (folosim prezentul simplu pentru a descrie fapte generale, aciuni repetate i obiceiuri, lucruri care sunt ntotdeauna adevrate)

# general facts (fapte generale) I like milk. ( mi place laptele) Maria plays basketball. (Maria joac baschet) They speak Turkish. ( Ei vorbesc limba turc). We live in Australia. (Noi trim/locuim n

Australia). # repeated actions and habits (aciuni repetate i obiceiuri) Harry often arrives late. ( H adesea ajunge trziu) I usually get up at 7.30. ( De obicei m scol la 7.30) I walk to school every day. ( Merg la coal zilnic) My brother usually walks with me. ( Fratele meu de

obicei merge cu mine). # things that are always true (lucruri care sunt ntotdeauna

adevrate) The sun rises in the east. ( Soarele rsare la est) The earth goes round the sun. ( Pmntul se nvrte

n jurul soarelui). I walk (merg, m plimb) We walk You walk They walk BUT (dar) he walks She walks It walks Spelling (ortografierea): go ( a merge) goes Miss (a rata, a-I lipsi) misses Watch ( a privi) watches Wash ( a spla) washes Relax ( a se relaxa) relaxes Always (mereu), usually (de obicei), often ( adesea), sometimes (uneori), never

(niciodat) always 100% Tim always wears jeans. (Tim poart intotdeauna blugi) usually 80% I usually go to bed at 9.30. (Eu de obicei m culc la 9.30) often 60% Sue often goes to the cinema. (Sue merge deseori la cinema) sometimes 40% Sam sometimes walks to school. (Sam uneori merge la coal.)

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never 0% It never rains here in August. (Niciodata nu plou aici n august)

The frequency adverb goes between subject and verb. (adverbul de freven este plasat ntre subiect i verb): Monday always comes after Sunday. (Luni vine ntotdeauna dup duminic) Practice: 1. Complete each sentence with a verb from the box. ( Completai propoziiile cu verbele date mai jos): arrive ( a sosi) like ( a i plcea) live ( a tri/locui) rain ( a ploua) start ( a ncepe) teach ( a preda)

a) David likes chocolate. b) It.here in November. c) Liz.with her family in Italy. d) George often.late. e) The lesson..at 6.00. f) Kate and Jim.English in Spain.

2. Underline the correct word in each sentence. (Subliniai cuvntul corect n fiecare propoziie):

a) Juan and Carmen live/lives in Madrid. b) Harry watch/watches television every evening. c) I usually go/goes to school by bus. d) It never snow/snows in this city. e) Sam live/lives in that house. f) You never clean/cleans your teeth! g) Carol get/gets up early every day. h) All the buses leave/leaves from this bus-stop.

3. Complete each sentence. Use the verb and frequency adverb in brackets. (Completai fiecare propoziie. Folosii verbul i adverbul de frecven din paranteze.)

a) Tina (sometimes, miss) sometimes misses the bus to school. b) I (never, get up).before 6.00. c) We (usually, have)..a holiday in August. d) Jim and Helen (often, go).to the theatre. e) I (often, sing)..in the shower. f) Pat (sometimes, play)..football on Sunday. g) You (never, finish)your homework! h) Our teacher (always, wear)a tie.

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PRESENT SIMPLE: NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS (prezentul simplu: forma negativ i interogativ)

# Negatives (forma negativ): I dont like ice-cream. ( Nu-mi place ngheata) She doesnt eat chocolate. ( Ea nu mnnc

ciocolat) I do not walk He does not walk. We do not walk. I dont walk. He doesnt walk. We dont walk. You do not walk. She does not walk. They do not walk. You dont walk. She doesnt walk. They dont walk. It does not walk. It doesnt walk. # Examples: I dont drink coffee. ( Nu beau cafea). Tom doesnt play tennis. (Tom nu joac tennis) They dont speak Italian. ( Ei nu vorbesc italiana). We dont live in France. ( Noi nu locuim n Frana). # Questions (ntrebri, interogativul): Do you walk to school or do you take the bus? (Mergi pe jos la coal sau iei autobuzul?) I usually walk. ( de obicei merg pe jos). Do I walk? Does he walk? Do we walk? Do you walk? Does she walk? Do they walk? Does it walk? # Examples: Do you like ice-cream? (ti place ngheata?) Does Ana play basketball? (Ana joac basket?) Does Harry often arrive late? ( Harry ajunge trziu des? Do they speak Italian? (Ei vorbesc limba italian?) Do you live in Australia? (Locuiesti/triesti n Australia?) Do you usually get up at 7.30? ( De obicei te scoli la 7.30?) # Careful! (Atenie)!: I walk, you walk, we walk BUT: he walks, she walks, it walks He walks BUT: Does he walk? I dont walk. BUT: He doesnt walk. She doesnt walk.

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Practice: 1. Complete each sentence. Put the words in brackets into the correct order. (Completai fiecare propoziie. Punei cuvintele din paranteze n ordinea corect): a) Our (smoke, not, teachers, do).teachers do not smoke at school. b). Where (Helen, live, does).? c) (do, not, go, we)..to the cinema on Friday. d) (David, does, ride).a bike? e) (play, do, you)..football after school? f) Kate (like, does, not)oranges. g) I (lunch, usually, have).at 1.30. 2. Complete each sentence. Use the words in brackets. (Completai fiecare propoziie. Folosii cuvintele din paranteze): a) Mary (like, not)..does not like.baseball. b) (wash, Peter).his face every morning? c) (watch, you)..television every day? d) I (eat, not, often)fruit. e) (have, we)homework today? f) My friends (live, not)near my house 3. Write a question or a negative sentence. (Scriei o ntrebare sau o propoziie negativ): a) Jack get up at 7.00.Does Jack get up at 7.00? b) Alice and Mike walk to work.? c) Jack leave home at 8.00..? d) Alice and Mike relax in the evening.? e) Alice and Mike not/like tennisAlice and Mike dont like tennis. f) Jack not/wear school uniform. g) Alice and Mike not/use computers.. h) Jack not/do his homework

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: AFFIRMATIVE (prezentul continuu: afirmativ) Statements (afirmaii): we use the present continuous to talk about actions

happening at the moment. (folosim prezentul continuu pentru a vorbi despre aciuni care se petrec la momentul vorbirii)

I am sitting in my car. ( Stau/ed acum n maina mea) Shes watching television. (Ea se uit acum la televizor)

I am waiting (eu atept) He is waiting We are waiting. Im waiting. Hes waiting. Were waiting. You are waiting. She is waiting They are waiting. Youre waiting. Shes waiting. Theyre waiting. It is waiting. Its waiting.

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Examples: Im studying English. (Acum studiez englez) My brothers talking on the telephone now. (Fratele meu vorbete acum la

telefon) Were swimming in the sea. (Acum notm n mare) Sues reading a book at the moment. (Sue citete o carte n momentul

sta) Spelling (ortografierea): a) verbs with two vowels and ending in one consonant, add ING

(verbele cu dou vocale i terminate ntr-o consoan, adaug ING) Wait waiting b) Verbs ending in e, drop e and add ING (la verbele terminate

n e, se taie e i se adaug ING) Make making Decide deciding Write writing c) Verbs ending with one vowel and one consonant, double the

consonant (verbele terminate ntr-o vocal i o consoan, dubleaz consoana) Sit sitting Swim swimming Cut cutting d) Verbs ending in ie, change ie to Y (verbele terminate n ie,

schimb ie n Y) Lie lying Tie tying Die dying e) Verbs ending in a vowel and y, add ING (verbele terminate

n vocal i y, adaug ING) Stay staying Play playing Say saying Practice: 1. Write sentences (present continuous) (Scriei propoziii cu prezentul continuu): a) I/eat..Im eating. b) They/listen.. c) She /come.. d) You / move. e) It / rain.. f) We / sing.

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2. Complete this letter. Pur the verbs in brackets into the present continuous. (Completai aceast scrisoare. Punei verbele din paranteze la prezentul continuu) Dear Jim, We (1) (have)are having.a terrible holiday. It (2) (rain)..I (3) (sit)..in the hotel. I (4) (watch)..television. Tom and Peter (5) (play).computer games. Alice (6) (read).a book. Susan (7) (make)a cup of coffee. The baby (8) (cry).I want to go home. All the best, George

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS (prezentul continuu: forma negativ i interogativ)

# Negatives (forma negativ): Im not walking to school today. (Nu merg pe jos

la coal azi)

I am not waiting (eu nu atept acum)

He is not waiting We are not waiting

Im not waiting He isnt waiting We arent waiting (Hes not) (Were not) You are not waiting She is not waiting They are not waiting You arent waiting She isnt waiting They arent waiting (Youre not..) (Shes not) (Theyre not) It is not waiting It isnt waiting (Its not waiting) Examples: Im not drinking milk, Im drinking cola. (Acum nu beau lapte, beau cola) They arent playing football. Theyre playing rugby. (Ei nu joac fotbal acum, joac rugby). #Questions (ntrebri, interogativul): Are you walking to school today? ( Mergi pe jos la coal azi?) Am I waiting? Is he waiting? Are we waiting? Are you waiting? Is she waiting? Are they waiting? Is it waiting? Examples: What are you doing? (Ce faci acum?) Im fixing my bike. ( mi repar bicicleta) Are you reading? (Citeti?) No, Im not reading. (Nu, nu citesc)

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Careful! (Atenie!): It is better to use the contractions in statements and negatives! ( este mai bine s utilizai formele scurte n afirmaii i negaii). Practice: 1. Change the statements into questions (Trecei de la forma afirmativ la cea interogativ) a) Im making a lot of noise. Am I making a lot of noise? b) Clare is reading. . c) You are watching the news. . d) It is snowing. .. e) We are waiting in the right place. f) You are sitting here. g) David is enjoying the film. .. h) The bus is stopping. 2. Change the statements into negative sentences.(Trecei de la forma afirmativ la cea negativ) a) Youre listening to me. You arent listening to me. b) Tim is studying. .. c) Were talking. .. d) You are writing. e) Katherine is lying. f) They are waiting for us. . g) Annas having a good time. . h) Im reading at the moment. .. 3. Correct each sentence or question. (Corectai fiecare propoziie sau ntrebare) a) I playing tennis with my best friend. Im playing tennis with my best friend. b) Youre coming to the cinema tonight? c) John and Mary dont going to the beach. d) Is Emma and Katy flying to America? . e) My sister is walk on the beach now. .. f) We not studying French at school this year.

g) Whats that noise? The dog is outside?

.. h) I arent watching the TV. Turn it off. i) Fred are eating a sandwich for his lunch.

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j) Are waiting they for a bus? .

PRESENT CONTINUOUS AND PRESENT SIMPLE (prezentul continuu i prezentul simplu):

# Present continuous: to talk about things happening at the moment ( pentru a vorbi

despre lucruri care se ntmpl la momentul vorbirii) Jim is watching television at the moment. ( Jim se uit

acum la televizor) # Present simple: to talk about habits and routines (pentru a vorbi despre obiceiuri

i treburi de rutin) Things we do often, every day, every week, etc, ( lucruri pe

care le facem des, zilnic, sptmnal) Things that always happen (ceva ce se ntmpl mereu) I arrive at 8.30. ( Eu ajung ntotdeauna la 8.30) The first lesson starts at 8.45. ( Prima lecie ncepe

mereu la 8.45) The lesson finishes at 9.30. (Lecia se termin

mereu la 9.30) Careful! ( atenie!): A. Joe lives in New York. New York is his home. He lives there all the time. (Joe locuiete/ triete in New York. NY este casa lui. El locuiete acolo tot timpul) We are living near the station at the moment. We want to move to another house soon. (Noi locuim acum lng staie. Vrem s ne mutm curnd n alt cas). B. verbs usually used with the present simple (verbe folosite de obicei la prezentul

simplu) Cost This bike costs $ 200. ( Bicicleta asta cost 200$) Like Anna likes rap music. (Anei i place muzica rap) Know Do you know the answer? (tii rspunsul?) Understand I dont understand this. ( Nu neleg asta) Believe Do you believe me? ( M crezi?) C. Some verbs have one meaning in the simple form, but a different meaning in the continuous form. (unele verbe au un sens la foma simpl, dar sens diferit la forma continu) Do you have a bike? = Do you own a bike? (ai o biciclet?) (in general) Im having a great time! = Its a great party! (m distrez super) (at the moment) I think this film is great = I like this film a lot. ( mi place mult filmul acesta) (in general) Quiet! Im thinking! = Im doing a difficult exercise (Linite, trebuie s m concentrez)

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Practice: 1) Choose the most suitable sentence or question (Alegei cea mai potrivit propoziie sau ntrebare): a) 1. I wash my hair. 2. Im washing my hair. (ok) b) 1. do you know the answer? 2. Are you knowing the answer? c) 1. Do you wait for the school bus? Youre in the wrong place! 2. Are you waiting for the school bus? Youre in the wrong place! d) 1. That bike costs $350. 2. That bike is costing $350. e) 1. Do you understand? 2. Are you understanding? f) 1. I do my homework. 2. Im doing my homework. 2. Complete each sentence. Use the words in brackets. Use present simple or continuous (Completai fiecare propoziie. Folosii cuvintele din paranteze. Folosii prezentul simplu sau continuu): a) Richard (always, get up).always gets up before 7.00. b) Hurry up! The bus (wait)..for us! c) Where (we,go)..? This is the wrong road! d) My friends (not believe)my story. e) Please be quiet! I (read)a very interesting book. f) (like, Susan)..horror films? 3. Choose the most suitable word or phrase for each space (Alegei cuvntul cel mai potrivit sau construcia cea mai potrivit pentru fiecare spaiu). a) SomeoneB.for you outside. Who is it? A. waits B. is waiting C. waiting. b) Whatof this book? I think its fantastic! A. do you think B. is you think C. you do think c) .in ghosts? A. Are you believe B. Are you believing C. Do you believe d) Kate is busy. She.for a test. A. is study B. is studying C. is studies e) ..a great time at the moment! A. We are have B. Were have C. Were having f) Tina usually..at 7.00. A. get up B. is getting up C. gets up.

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# PRESENT TENSES (formele timpului prezent) 1. the two present tenses (cele dou forme de prezent): Most English verbs have two present tenses. (Cele mai multe verbe englezeti au dou forme de prezent.) Forms like I wait, she thinks, are called simple present or present simple; forms like I am waiting or shes thinking are called present progressive or present continuous. (Forme ca I wait = eu atept, she thinks = ea crede, sunt numite prezent simplu; forme ca I am waiting = eu atept acum, sau shes thinking = ea se gndete, sunt numite prezent progresiv, sau prezent continuu.) Modal verbs like can or must do not have progressive forms, and some other verbs such as know or contain are rarely used in progressive forms. (Verbe modale ca can = a putea, sau must = a trebui nu au forme de continuu, iar alte cteva verbe ca know = a ti, a cunoate, sau contain = a conine sunr rar utilizate la forme de continuu). The two present tenses are used to refer to several different kinds of time. (Cele dou forme de prezent sunt folosite pentru a se referi la cteva tipuri diferite de timp). 2. General time: simple present (timpul general: prezentul simplu). When we talk about permanent situations, or about things that happen regularly or all the time (not just around now), we usually use the simple present. (Cnd vorbim despre situaii permanente, sau despre lucruri care se ntmpl n mod regulat sau tot timpul [nu n momentul vorbirii], de obicei utilizm prezentul simplu). My parents live near Dover. ( Prinii mei locuiesc lng Dover) I go to London about three times a week. ( Merg la Londra cam de trei ori/spt) Water freezes at 00 Celsius. (Apa nghea la zero grade Celsius) 3. around now: present progressive (acum: prezentul continuu): When we talk about temporary continuing actions and events that are going on around now, we usually use a present progressive tense (cnd vorbim despre aciuni temporare n desfurare i evenimente care se ntmpl acum, folosim de obicei timpul prezent progresiv/continuu). What are you doing? (Ce faci acum?) Im reading (Acum citesc) Im going to a lot of parties these days. (M duc la o mulime de petreceri zilele astea) 4. series of events: simple present (serii de evenimente: prezentul simplu): when we talk about series of actions and events that are completed as we speak, we usually use simple present tenses. (cnd vorbim despre serii de aciuni sau evenimente care sunt terminate n momentul vorbirii, de obicei folosim prezentul simplu) Watch carefully. First I take a bowl and break two eggs into it. Next. ( Uit-te atent. nti iau un castron i sparg dou ou n el. Apoi.) Taylor shoots and its a goal! (Taylor trage i e gol!/ n poart) 5. future time (timpul viitor): in subordinate clauses, we often use present tenses to refer to the future. (n propoziiile subordonate, folosim adesea prezentul pentru a ne referi la viitor). Ill go wherever you go. (Voi merge oriunde mergi/vei merge i tu). Come and see us next week if youre passing through London.

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( Vino s ne vezi sptmna viitoare daca treci/o s treci prin Londra) # THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (prezentul simplu) 1. general time (timpul general): we often use the simple present to talk about permanent situations, or about things that happen regularly, repeatedly or all the time. (folosim adesea prezentul simplu pentru a vorbi despre situaii permanente, sau despre lucruri care se ntmpl de regul, n mod repetat, sau tot timpul). What do frogs eat? (Ce mnnc broatele?) (NOT: What are frogs eating?) Water boils at 1000 Celsius. (Apa fierbe la 100 grade Celsius) (NOT: Water is boiling at 1000 Celsius) I play tennis every Wednesday. (Joc tennis in fiecare miercuri) Alice works for an insurance company. ( Alice lucreaz pentru o companie de asigurri). 2. series of events (serii de evenimente): when we talk about completed actions and events that happen as we speak or write, we usually use the simple present. (cnd vorbim despre aciuni terminate i evenimente care se ntmpl cnd vorbim i scriem, de obicei folosim prezentul simplu). This happens, for example, in demonstrations and commentaries. (Aceasta se ntmpl, de exemplu, n demonstraii i comentarii) First I take a bowl and break two eggs into it. Next. ( nti iau un castron i sparg dou ou n el. Apoi.) (NOT: First I am taking a boal) Lydiard passes to Taylor. Taylor to Morrison, Morrison back to Taylor..and Taylor shoots and its a goal! (Lydiard paseaz lui Taylor. Taylor lui Morrison, Morrison napoi la Taylor.i Taylor trage i gol!) 3. here comes..(iat c vine.): Note the structures here comes.and there goes.(observai structurile here comes = iat c vine, i there goes = s-a dus) Here comes your husband. (Iat-l [c vine] pe soul tu) (NOT: here is coming.) There goes our bus well have to wait for the next one. (S-a dus autobuzul nostru va trebui s-l ateptm pe urmtorul). 4. promises (promisiuni): sometimes we do things by saying special words (promising, swearing). (Uneori facem lucruri spunnd cuvinte speciale [promisiuni, jurminte] We usually use the simple present in these cases. (de obicei folosim prezentul simplu n astfel de cazuri): I promise never to smoke again. (NOT: Im promising) (Promit s nu mai fumez niciodat) I swear that I will tell the truth. (Jur c voi spune adevrul) I agree. (NOT: I am agreeing) (Sunt de accord) He denies the charge. (NOT: He is denying) (Neag acuzaia) 5. formal correspondence (scrisori n stil formal): some fixed phrases that are used in letter-writing can be expressed either in the simple present (more formal) or in the present

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progressive (less formal). (unele construcii fixe care sunt folosite n scrisori pot fi exprimate sau prin prezentul simplu [mai formal], sau prin prezentul continuu [mai puin formal]) We write to advise you..(Scriem pentru a v sftui.) (Less formal: We are writing to let you know.) (mai puin formal) I enclose my cheque for $200. (Anexez n plic cecul meu de $200) (Less formal: I am enclosing.) I look forward to hearing from you. (Abia atept s aud veti despre tine) (Less formal: Im looking forward to hearing from you) 6. instructions (indicaii): the simple present is often used when we ask for and give directions and instructions. (prezentul simplu este adesea utilizat cnd cerem i dm indicaii) How do I get to the station? You go straight on the traffic lights, then you turn left. (Cum ajung la statie? Mergi drept spre semafor, apoi o iei la stnga) 7. stories (poveti): the simple present is common in informal narrative and in summaries of plays, stories, etc. (prezentul simplu este obinuit n povestirile familiare i n rezumatele de la piese de teatru, poveti, etc). In Act I, Hamlet meets the ghost of his father. ( n Actul I, Hamlet ntlnete fantoma tatlui su). 8. temporary situations: non-progressive verbs (situaii temporare: verbe non-progresive): we do not usually use the simple present to talk about temporary situations or actions that are only going on around the present. (de obicei nu folosim prezentul simplu pentru a vorbi despre situaii temporare sau aciuni care au loc doar la momentul vorbirii). The kettles boiling shall I make tea? (NOT: The kettle boils) (Ceainicul fierbe s fac ceaiul?) However, the simple present is used with verbs that cannot normally be used in progressive forms. (Totui, prezentul simplu este folosit cu verbe care nu pot fi n mod normal utilizate la forme progresive) I like this wine very much. (NOT: Im liking) (mi place foarte mult vinul acesta) I believe you. (NOT: Im believing you). (Te cred) 9. talking about the future (vorbind despre viitor): we do not normally use the simple present to talk about the future. (de obicei nu folosim prezentul simplu pentru a vorbi despre viitor) I promise I wont smoke any more. (Promit c nu voi mai fuma) (NOT: I promise I dont smoke any more). Were going to the theatre this evening. (Vom merge la teatru ast-sear) (NOT: We go to the theatre this evening). Theres the doorbell. Ill get it. (Sun la u. Deschid/ o s deschid eu) (NOT: I get it)

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However, the simple present is used to refer to future events which are timetabled. (Totui, prezentul simplu este folosit pentru a se referi la evenimente viitoare care sunt programate) His train arrives at 11.46. (Trenul lui ajunge la 11.46) I start my new job tomorrow. ( ncep noul serviciu mine) And the simple present is often used instead of willin subordinate clauses that refer to the future. (i prezentul simplu este adesea folosit n loc de will.. [viitor] n propoziii subordonate care se refer la viitor) I kill anybody who touches my possessions. (NOT: who will touch) (Ucid pe oricine se (va) atinge de bunurile mele) Ill phone you when I get home. (Not: when Ill get home) (O s te sun cnd [o s] ajung acas) Note also the use of the simple present in suggestions with Why dont you..?(observai de asemenea utilizarea prezentului simplu n sugestii cu why dont you = de ce nu.?) Why dont you take a day off tomorrow? (De ce nu ii iei zi liber mine?) 10. I hear (aud): the simple prezent is used with a perfect or past meaning in introductory expressions like I hear, I see, I gather, I understand (prezentul simplu este folosit cu sens de perfect sau de trecut n expresii introductive de genul aud/am auzit, vd/am vzut, deduc, bnuiesc, neleg.) I hear youre getting married. (Aud/am auzit c te cstoreti). I see theres been trouble down at the factory. (Vd/neleg c au fost necazuri pe la fabric) I gather Peters looking for a job. (Bnuiesc c Peter i caut o slujb). Quotations are often introduced with..says. (Citatele sunt adesea introduse prin says = zice) No doubt you all remember what Hamlet says about suicide. (Fr ndoial toi v amintii ce spune Hamlet despre sinucidere) It says in the paper that petrols going up again. (Spune la ziar c iar urc [preul la] petrol) # THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (prezentul continuu) 1. around now (cam acum): we use the present progressive to talk about temporary actions and situations that are going on around now: before, during and after the moment of speaking. (folosim prezentul continuu pentru a vorbi despre aciuni temporare i situaii care se petrec cam acum: nainte, n timpul i dup momentul vorbirii) Hurry up! Were all waiting for you! (NOT: We all wait.) ( Grbete-te! Toi stm i te ateptm!) What are you doing? Im writing letters (NOT: I write letters) (Ce faci (acum)? Scriu scrisori) Why are you crying? Is something wrong? (NOT: Why do you cry?...) (De ce plngi? S-a ntmplat ceva?) Hes working in Saudi Arabia at the moment. (n momentul de fa lucreaz n Arabia Saudit)

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We can also use the present progressive to talk about what is going on around a particular time that we are thinking of. (putem s mai folosim prezentul continuu i pentru a vorbi despre ceea ce se ntmpl ntr-o anumit perioad la care ne gndim) At seven, when the post comes, Im usually having breakfast. (La ora 7, cnd vine pota, de obicei imi iau micul dejun) She doesnt like to be disturbed if shes working. (Nu-I place s fie deranjat cnd/dac lucreaz) You look lovely when youre smiling. (Ari minunat cnd zmbeti). 2. changes (schimbri): we also use the present progressive to talk about developing and changing situations (de asemenea folosim prezentul continuu pentru a vorbi despre situaii n desfurare i schimbare). Compare (comparai): The childs getting bigger every day. (copilul este din ce in ce mai mare pe zi ce trece) The climate is getting warmer. (Clima se face mai cald) (NOT: the climate gets warmer). The universe is expanding, and has been since its beginning. (Universul se extinde, i continu s se extind de la nceputul su). 3. talking about the future (vorbind despre viitor): we often use present progressive to talk about the future. (adesea folosim prezentul continuu pentru a vorbi despre viitor). What are you doing tomorrow evening? ( ce faci/ o s faci mine sear?) Come and see us next week if youre passing through London. (Vino s ne vezi sptmna viitoare daca treci/vei trece prin Londra) 4. present progressive and simple present: permanent situations (prezentul continuu i prezentul simplu: situaii permanente): we do not usually use the present progressive to talk about more long-lasting or permanent situations. (de obicei nu folosim prezentul continuu pentru a vorbi despre situaii de mai lung durat sau permanente). Compare (Comparai): My sisters living at home for the moment. (Sora mea locuiete acas pentru moment) You live in North London, dont you? (Locuieti/ trieti n nordul Londrei, nu-I aa?) Why is that girl standing on the table? (de ce st fata aceea n picioare pe mas?) Chetford Castle stands on a hill outside the town. (Castelul Chetford este ridicat pe un deal n afara oraului). 5. present progressive and simple present: repeated actions (prezentul continuu si prezentul simplu: aciuni repetate): the present progressive can refer to repeated actions and events, if these are happening around the moment of speaking. (prezentul continuu se poate referi la aciuni i evenimente repetate, dac acestea se ntmpl cam n momentul vorbirii.) Why is he hitting the dog? (de ce lovete celul?)

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Jakes seeing a lot of Felicity these days. ( Jake se tot vede cu Felicity zilele astea) But we do not normally use the present progressive to talk about repeated actions and events which are not closely connected to the moment of speaking. (Dar nu folosim n mod normal prezentul continuu pentru a vorbi despre aciuni i evenimente repetate dac acestea nu sunt ndeaproape legate de momentul vorbirii). I go to the mountains about twice a year. ( Merg la munte cam de dou ori pe an) (NOT: Im going ) Water boils at 1000 Celsius. (Apa fierbe la 100 grade Celsius) (NOT: Water is boiling..) 6. physical feelings (senzaii fizice): verbs that refer to physical feelings (feel, hurt, ache) can often be used in simple or progressive tenses without much difference of meaning. (verbele care se refer la senzaii fizice [a simi, a rni/ a durea, a durea] pot deseori fi utilizate la timpuri simple sau continue fra prea mare diferen de sens). How do you feel? OR How are you feeling? (Cum te simi?) My head aches. OR My head is aching. (M doare capul) # NON-PROGRESSIVE VERBS (verbe care nu se folosesc la forma de continuu) 1. verbs not used in progressive forms (verbe care nu se folosesc la forme de continuu): some verbs are never or hardly ever used in progressive forms (unele verbe nu sunt niciodat utilizate, sau sunt foarte rar utilizate la forma de continuu). I like this music. (mi place muzica asta) (NOT: Im liking this music) I rang her up because I needed to talk. (Am sunat-o pentru c simeam nevoia s vorbesc) (NOT: because I was needing to talk) Some other verbs are not used in progressive forms when they have certain meanings. (alte verbe nu sunt folosite la forma de continuu cnd au anumite sensuri). Compare (comparai): Im seeing the doctor at ten oclock. (M duc /am programare la doctor la ora 10) I see what you mean. (neleg ce vrei s spui) Many of these non-progressive verbs refer to states rather than actions. (multe dintre aceste verbe se refer la stri mai degrab dect la aciuni). Some refer to mental states (know, think, believe); some others refer to the use of the senses (smell, taste). (unele se refer la stri mentale (a ti, a gndi, a crede); altele se refer la folosirea simurilor (a mirosi, a gusta) 2. common non-progressive verbs (verbe non-progresive obinuite): here is a list of some common verbs which are not often used in progressive forms (or which are not used in progressive forms with certain meaning). (iat o list cu unele verbe obinuite care sunt rar utlizate la forma de continuu [sau nu sunt utilizate la forma de continuu cu anumite sensuri]. Mental and emotional states (stri mentale i emoionale) Believe (a crede) love (a iubi) see ( a nelege) Doubt (a se ndoi) hate ( a ur) suppose (a presupune) Feel ( a avea o prere) prefer ( a prefera) think (a avea o prere)

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Imagine (a-i imagina) realise (a-i da seama) understand ( a nelege) Know (a ti) recognise (a recunoate) want ( a vrea) (dis)like (a-I (dis)plcea) remember ( a-i aminti) wish (a dori) Use of the senses (folosirea simurilor) Appear ( a (a)prea, a se vedea) look ( a prea) seem ( a prea) Hear (a auzi) see ( a vedea) smell ( a mirosi) Sound ( a suna) taste ( a avea gust) Communicating and causing reactions ( comunicare i provocarea reaciilor) Agree (a fi de acord) deny( a refuza) impress ( a impresiona) Astonish (a uimi) please ( a face pe plac) satisfy (a satisface) Disagree ( a nu fi de accord) Promise ( a promite) surprise (a surprinde) mean ( a nsemna, a inteniona) Promise ( a promite) Other verbs (alte verbe) Be ( a fi) deserve ( a merita) measure (a avea lungimea) Belong ( a aparine) fit ( a se potrivi) need ( a avea nevoie) Concern (a preocupa) include (a include) owe ( a datora) Consist ( a consta din) involve ( a implica) own ( a stpni, a deine) Contain ( a conine) lack ( a-I lipsi) possess ( a poseda) Depend (a depinde) matter ( a conta) weigh ( a avea greutatea) 3. progressive and non-progressive uses (utilizri progresive i non-progresive): compare the progressive and non-progressive uses of some of the verbs listed above (comparai utilizrile progresive si non-progresive ale unora dintre verbele de mai sus): Im feeling fine. (= I feel fine M simt bine) I feel we shouldnt do it. (NOT: Im feeling we shouldnt do it) (Simt/cred c n-ar trebui s facem asta) What are you thinking about? (La ce te gndeti?) What do you think of the government? ( NOT: What are you thinking of the government?) (Ce prere ai despre guvern?) Im seeing Leslie tomorrow. (Mine m vd cu Leslie) I see what you mean. (NOT: Im seeing what you mean) (neleg ce vrei s spui) Why are you smelling the meat? Is it bad? (De ce miroi carnea? E stricat?) Does the meat smell bad? (NOT: Is the meat smelling bad?) (Carnea miroase urt?) Im just tasting the cake to see if its OK. (Gust prjitura s vd dac e OK).

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The cake tastes wonderful. (NOT: The cake is tasting..) (Prjitura are un gust minunat) The scales broke when I was weighing myself this morning. (S-a rupt cntarul cnd m cntream de diminea). I weighed 68 kilos three months ago and look at me now! (NOT: I was weighing 68 kilos three.) (Aveam/cntream 68 de kg acum 3 luni i uite cum art acum!) Jack is being noisy. ( Jack este glgios acum) Jack is noisy. ( Jack este glgios de felul lui) We are having an interesting conversation. ( Avem/ purtm o discuie interesant) Deirdre has a Porsche. ( D are/ posed o main P) I am depending on you. (Depind de tine) It depends what you mean. ( Depinde ce vrei s spui) Note also that many non-progressive verbs are occasionally used in progressive forms in order to emphasise the idea of change or development. (Observai de asemenea c multe verbe non-progresive sunt uneori folosite cu forme progresive pentru a accentua idea de schimbare) These days, more and more people are preferring to take early retirement. (Astzi, din ce n ce mai muli oameni prefer pensionarea timpurie) The waters tasting better today. ( Apa are gust mai bun azi) 4. can see: Can is often used with see, hear, feel, taste, smell, understand and remember to give a kind of progressive meaning, especially in British English. (can = a putea este adesea utilizat cu a vedea, a auzi, a simi, a gusta, a mirosi, a nelege, a-i aminti pentru a da un fel de sens progresiv, mai ales n engleza britanic). I can see Sue coming down the road. ( O vd pe Sue venind pe strad). Can you smell something burning? (Miroi/ simi c arde ceva?) 5. ing forms (forme n ing): even verbs which are never used in progressive tenses have ing forms which can be used in other kinds of structure. (chiar i verbele care nu sunt folosite niciodat la timpuri progresive au forme n ing care pot fi utlizate pentru alte structuri). Knowing her tastes, I bought her a large box of chocolates. (tiindu-I gusturile, i-am cumprat o cutie mare de ciocolat) I dont like to go to a country without knowing something of the language. ( Nu-mi place s merg ntr-o ar fr s-I tiu ct de ct limba)

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# PRESENT TENSES: STORIES, COMMENTARIES, AND INSTRUCTIONS (formele de prezent: povestiri, comentarii, i indicaii) 1. stories (povestiri): present tenses are often used to tell stories, especially in an informal style. (timpurile prezente sunt adesea utilizate pentru a spune poveti, mai ales ntr-un stil familiar). The simple present is used for the events the things that happen one after another. (Prezentul simplu este utilizat pentru evenimente lucrurile care se ntmpl unul dup altul). The present progressive is used for background things that are already happening when the story starts, or that continue through the story. (Prezentul continuu este folosit pentru cadru lucrurile care se ntmplau deja cnd povestirea ncepe, sau care continu pe parcursul povestirii). So I open the door, and I look out into the garden, and I see this man. Hes wearing a pink skirt and a policemans helmet. Good morning, he says. (Aa c deschid ua, i m uit n grdin, i l vd pe omul acesta. Poart (avea pe el) o fust roz i o casc de poliist. Bun dimineaa, spune el.) Theres this Scotsman, you see, and hes walking through the jungle when he meets a gorilla. And the gorillas eating a snake sandwich. So the Scotsman goes up to the gorilla.(A fost o dat un Scoian, tii, i el se plimba/ se plimb prin jungl cnd vede o goril. i gorila mnca un sandwhich cu arpe. Aa c scoianul se duce la goril.) The simple present is common in summaries of plays, stories, etc (prezentul simplu este obinuit n rezumatele pieselor de teatru, povestiri, etc) In Act I, Hamlet meets the ghost of his father. The ghost tells him..(In Actul I, Hamlet ntlnete fantoma tatlui su. Fantoma i spune) Chapter 2: Postman Pat goes to Scotland and makes friends with a sheep. (Capitolul 2: Potaul Pat se duce n Scoia si se mprietenete cu o oaie) 2. commentaries (comentarii): in commentaries, the use of tenses is similar. (n comentarii, folosirea timpurilor este similar). The simple present is used for the quicker actions and events (which are finished before the sentences that describe them); the present progressive is used for longer actions and situations. (Prezentul simplu este utilizat pentru aciunile i evenimentele mai rapide [care sunt terminate nainte de propoziiile care le descriu]; prezentul continuu este utilizat pentru aciuni i situaii mai lungi). There are more simple and fewer progressive tenses in a football commentary, for instance, than in a commentary on a boat race. (Sunt mai multe forme simple i mai puine de continuu la un comentariu de fotbal, de exemplu, decat pentru un comentariu la o curs de brci). Smith passes to Devaney, Devaney to Barnes, Barnes to Lucas and Harris intercepts..Harris to Simms, nice ball and Simms shoots! (Smith paseaz lui Devaney, Devaney lui Barnes, Barnes lui Lucas i Harris intercepteaz, frumoas minge i Simms trage!) Oxford are drawing slightly ahead of Cambridge now; theyre rowing with a beautiful rhythm; Cambridge are looking a little disorganized..(Cei de la Oxford o iau cte puin naintea celor de la Cambridge; vslesc ntr-un ritm frumos; cei de la Cambridge par un pic dezorganizai).

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3. instructions and demonstrations (instruciuni i demonstraii): we often use present tenses in a similar way to give instructions, demonstrations and directions (deseori folosim formele de prezent n mod similar pentru a da indicaii, a face demonstraii i a arta direcia): Ok, lets go over it again. You wait outside the bank until the manager arrives. Then you radio Louie, whos waiting round the corner, and he drives round to the front entrance. You and Louie grab the manager. (Ok, s recapitulm. Tu atepi n faa bncii pna sosete managerul. Apoi tu i transmii lui Louie, care ntre timp ateapt dup col, i el se ndreapt cu maina spre intrarea din fa. Tu i Louie l nfcai pe manager) First I put a lump of butter into a frying pan and light the gas; then while the butters melting I break three eggs into a bowl, like this.( nti pun o bucat de unt ntr-o tigaie i aprind focul; apoi n timp ce se topete untul, sparg 3 ou ntr-un castron, aa.) How do I get to the station? You go straight on to the traffic lights, then you turn left (Cum ajung la staie? Mergi drept nainte pna la semafor, apoi o iei la stnga). Other uses of present continuous (alte utilizri ale prezentului continuu): complaints about bad habits (plngeri legate de obiceiurile rele ale cuiva) You are always complaining about my cooking! (Mereu te plngi de cum gtesc eu! other possible adverbs are (alte adverbe posibile sunt): constantly, continually, forever (constant, continuu, mereu) Other uses of present simple (alte utilizri pentru prezentul simplu): Making declarations (declaraii): verbs describing opinions and feelings tend to be state verbs (verbele care descriu preri i sentimente tind s fie verbe de stare): I hope youll come to my party. ( Sper c o s vii la petrecerea mea). I bet you dont know the answer! (Sunt sigur c/ pariez c nu tii rspunsul!) Headlines (titluri din ziare): these are written in a telegram style, and references to the past are usually simplified to present simple (acestea sunt scrise n stil telegram, iar referirile la trecut sunt de obicei simplificate prin prezentul simplu) Ship sinks in midnight collision. (Barca se scufund/scufundat n coliziunea de la miezul nopii). Practice

1. Choose the most appropriate words underlined: (Alegei cea mai bun variant subliniat) a. I havent decided yet about whether to buy a new car or a second-hand one. But I

think about it/ Im thinking about it. b. All right, you try to fix the television! But I hope /Im hoping you know what

youre doing! c. Every year I visit/Im visiting Britain to improve my English. d. Its time we turned on the central heating. It gets/It is getting colder every day.

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e. Of course, youre Mary, arent you! I recognise/ I am recognising you now. f. Whats the matter? Why do you look/ are looking at me like that? g. The film of War and Peace is very long. It lasts/ It is lasting over four hours. h. I can see from what you say that your mornings are very busy! But what do you

do/ are you doing in the afternoons? i. Im going to buy a new swimming costume. My old one doesnt fit/ isnt fitting

any more. j. That must be the end of the first part of the performance. What happens now/ is

happening now?

1. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence. (Alegei cuvntul sau construcia cea mai potrivit pentru a completa fiecare propoziie) a. What exactly .? A. is this job involving? B. Does this job involve? b. Who exactly.? A. does own this car B. does this car belong to c. that we have been here for six months already! A. Do you realise B. Are

you realising d. Id like to stay longer. But .just for the weekend. A. I come B Ive come e. Terry is in bed. He..flu. A. has B. is having f. This new teaching job is really difficult, but . A. I survive B. Im

surviving g. What on that notice? A. does it write B. does it say h. Ladies and gentlemen, Ithis ship HMS Highlight. A. name B. am

naming i. Absolutely! I ..with you completely. A. agree B. am agreeing j. .this car. Do you want to buy it? A. I sell B. Im selling

2. Put each verb in brackets into the most suitable present tense. (Punei verbele din paranteze la timpul prezent cel mai potrivit) a. I (hear) that you have been promoted. Congratulations! b. British people (drink) more and more wine, apparently. c. I hope Sarah will be here soon. I (depend) on her. d. Please be quiet! You (continually interrupt). e. Hey, you! What (you think) youre doing? f. Could you come here please? I (want) to talk to you now. g. Jane is away on holiday so Linda (handle) her work. h. To be honest, I (doubt) whether Jim will be here next week. i. Youve only just started the job, havent you? How (you get on)? j. Pay no attention to Graham. He (just be) sarcastic again.

3. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. (Rescriei/ reformulai fiecare propoziie, ncepnd cum se vede, astfel ca sensul s rmna acelai) a. Whats your opinion of Teds new book? What do.. b. Nigel keeps interrupting me. Nigel is.. c. What is the meaning of this word? What does.

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d. The number of people who own bicycles is increasing. More and more people.

e. What about going to that new film at the Rex tonight? How do.. f. What is the weight of that piece of meat? How much g. Never mind about the price, just buy it! The price.. h. Theres smell of onions in this room. This room.. i. What is inside the box? What does. j. Paul has flu. Paul is.

4. Put each verb in brackets into the most suitable present tense. (Punei fiecare verb din paranteze la cea mai potrivit form de prezent). I work in a large office with about thirty other people, most of whom I (1) know quite well. We (2) (spend) most of the day together, so we have all become friends. In fact, most of my colleagues are so interesting, that I (3) (think) of writing a book about them! (4) (take) Helen Watson, for example. Helen (5) (run) the accounts department. At the moment she (6) (go out) with Keith Ballantine, one of the sales representatives, and they (7) (seem) very happy together. But everyone (except Helen apparently) (8) (know) that Keith (9) (always make) eyes at Susan Porter. But I (10) (happen) to know that Susan (11) (dislike) Keith. I cant stand people who (12) (apologise) all the time! she told me. And besides, I know he (13) (deceive) poor Helen. He (14) (see) Betty wills from the overseas department. And plenty of other interesting things (15) (go on). For instance, every week money (16) (disappear) from the petty cash box. When you (17) (realise) that someone in your office is a thief, it (18) (upset) you at first. But I (19) (also try) to catch whoever it is before the police are called in. Im not going to tell you who I (20) (suspect). Well, not yet anyway!

5. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals, and so the meaning stays the same. (Rescriei/ reformulai fiecare propoziie, astfel nct s conin cuvintele cu majuscule, iar sensul s rmna acelai) a. Charles and his father are exactly alike. LOOKS b. The cost of excursions is part of the price of the holiday. INCLUDES c. I find working here really enjoyable. ENJOYING d. I study hard, so I spend a lot of time in the library. MEANS e. Whats your opinion of Wendys new painting? THINK f. Sunrise is at 4.30 tomorrow morning. THE SUN g. Whats on your mind at the moment? ABOUT h. Neil has the bad habit of getting in peoples way. ALWAYS i. I am losing my voice. GOING j. How long is that wall? DOES

Choose the most suitable word or phrase underlined. (Alegei cea mai bun variant subliniat) a. I work in this office all this year/all the time. b. Are you studying French for long/at the moment? c. I am not making much money these days/ so far this year. d. The food tastes worse now/ usually. Youve put too much salt in.

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e. We normally / forever get in touch with customers by post. f. Pete was ill but he is getting over his illness currently/ now. g. Im feeling rather run down lately/ at present, doctor. h. I always stay on duty since/until six oclock. i. People continually/ traditionally prepare coloured eggs at Easter. j. Fortunately the baby now/ recently sleeps all night.

6. Identify any possible errors in these sentences, and correct them if

necessary.(Identificai orice greeli posibile n aceste propoziii i corectai acolo unde este necesar) a. Im depending on you, so dont make any mistakes! b. Is this total including the new students? c. Excuse me, but do you wait for someone? d. These potatoes are tasting a bit funny. e. How are you feeling today? f. I look forward to hearing from you. g. I have a feeling that something goes wrong. h. Whats that you are eating? i. Are you hearing anything from Wendy these days? j. I think youre being rather mean about this.

Other Useful Skills

There are other valuable skills which you can easily gain which can make all the difference to your application. Wordprocessing, typing and shorthand are things you are either taught or pick up on the job, but prior knowledge would show some initiative. Most journalists type in a very haphazard way but to a high speed. Its obviously better for your accuracy and the health of your hands if you can learn to do it properly. Confidence with wordprocessors is an advantage. Systems used by news organizations vary, but being faced with a VDU screen for the first time can be rather daunting and can frighten some people away from entering the industry. A few local evening classes in word-processing can build up your confidence and typing speed and look good on your CV. Shorthand training can be the bane of a journalists life. Local newspaper trainees often have to travel to weekly classes in the evenings for hours of drilling. You should attain a speed of 100wpm but, like driving, some people pick it up quickly whereas for others it is an uphill struggle. It may help to find a night class beforehand to build up some speed even if you do not take an exam. Although many journalists use tape recorders, they tend to use them only as back-up as machines can break down, especially when exposed to rainstorms. And, as stated earlier, most editors are impressed by candidates who have taken the traditional approach and who have grounded themselves in this basic skill. It cannot be stressed strongly enough how most candidates fare better when they can prove their dedication to the field of journalism through work experience and samples of their own writing. However, there are many who can disprove this point so do not be deterred from applying for jobs as employers who see potential in a recruit will be prepared to give them a chance.