Calitatile Nautice Si Manevriere(Evolutive)Ale Navei-giratia

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    CALITATILE NAUTICE SI

    MANEVRIERE(EVOLUTIVE)ALE

    NAVEI-GIRATIA SI INERTIANAVEI

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    1. Generalitati

    Calitatile evolutive VITEZA , GIRATIA , INERTIA ,

    STABILITATEA E RUM- ale o!i"a!ei #ave $u#t i#"o#"o!%a#ta "u &!o&!ietatile $ale "o#$t!u"tive ( "u#o$"ute

    i# lite!atu!a %e $&e"ialitate $u' %e#ui!ea %e "alitati

    #auti"e)*LOTABILITATEA,STABILITATEA,

    NESCU*UNABILITATEA,SOLIITATEA+

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    *LOTABILITATEA

    Re&!ei#ta &!o&!ietatea #avei %e a &luti &e a&a, la u#&e$"a e%iu %ete!i#at, ava#% la 'o!% i#"a!"atu!a#e"e$a!a i#%e&li#i!ii i$iu#ii $ale %e t!a#$&o!t+ A$u&!a#avei "a!e &lute$te &e a&a a"tio#eaa %oua .o!te / 0

    1!eutatea #avei $i 0 1!eutatea voluului %e a&a%i$lo"uit %e "at!e "o!&ul #avei(%e&la$ae#tul #avei)+ Cei%oi ve"to!i a"tio#eaa &e a"eea$i %i!e"tie, #o!ala la&la#ul %e 'aa,au &u#"tele %e a&li"atie i# G("e#t!ul %e1!eutate al #avei) $i,!e$&e"tiv i# C("e#t!ul %e 1!eutate al

    "a!e#ei #avei) , $u#t e1ali i# o%ul $i au $e#$ "o#t!a!+/002V( e"uatia .lota'ilitatii)+

    / - e$te "o#$tituita %i# $ua tutu!o! 1!eutatilo! a.late &e#ava i#"lu$iv "o!&ul #avei

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    o %e&la$ae#tul #avei 1oale !e&!ei#ta 1!eutatea #avei.a!a"o'u$ti'ili,lu'!i.ia#ti,'ala$t,e"3i&a,a&a,&!oviii,a!.a+o

    e$te o a!ie "o#$ta#ta $i e$te t!e"uta i# %o"ue#tatiate3#i"a a #avei+

    i %e&la$ae#tul %e i#"a!"a!e &li#a(i#"a!"a!e %e va!a)!e&!ei#ta 1!eutatea #avei i#"a!"ata "u a!.a &i#a la li#ia%e &luti!e %e i#"a!"a!e &li#a (%e va!a vei a!"a %e 'o!%

    li'e!) a4 %e&la$ae#tul a4i e$te 1!eutatea #avei la "a!e

    a"ea$ta $e a.u#%a i# a&a &a#a "a#% #ivelul a&ei au#1e lali#ia &u#tii &!i#"i&ale+u&a a"ea$ta &luti!e #ava $e $"u.u#%a&e#t!u "a #u ai a!e !ee!va %e .lota'ilitate+

    Ree!va %e .lota'ilitate e$te &a!tea "o!&ului #avei $ituata%ea$u&!a li#iei %e &luti!e %e &li#a i#"a!"a!e+La a4 #avele#u ai au !ee!va %e .lota'ilitate+

    Ca&a"itatea %e i#"a!"a!e(EA5EIG6T- !e&!ei#ta a$a

    i#"a!"atu!ii utile) 0i-o 7t%89, :t%80:;;;

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    To#aul 0e4&!ia a!iea #avei $i !e&!ei#ta $ua

    voluelo! "o&a!tie#telo! i#te!ioa!e ale #avei+ U#itatea

    %e a$u!a &e#t!u to#a e$te to#a !e1i$t!u+ :TR 0=,>?

    +"+0:;; .+"+(&i"io! la "u')E4i$ta %oua ti&u!i %e to#a!e1i$t!u

    To#a !e1i$t!u '!ut(TRB@GRT)0 $ua voluelo!

    "o&a!tie#telo! #avei %e$ti#ate &a$t!a!ii

    "o'u$ti'ilului,a!.u!ilo!,a$i#ilo! $i i#$talatiilo! To#a !e1i$t!u #et(TRN@NRT) 0voluul "o&a!tie#telo!

    %e$ti#ate a!.u!ilo! $i &a$a1e!ilo!

    STABILITATEA STATICA Re&!ei#ta "a&a"itatea #avei, $"oa$a %i# e"3ili'!u &!i#

    a"tiu#ea u#o! .o!te e4te!ioa!e, %e a !eve#i i# &oitia i#itiala %e

    e"3ili'!u i# oe#tul i#"eta!ii a"tiu#ii .o!telo!+A"e$te .o!te &ot

    .iva#tul,valu!ile,.o!ta "e#t!i.u1a &e ti&ul 1i!atiei #avei+

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    NESCU*UNABILITATEA E$te "a&a"itatea #avei %e a &luti $i %e a-$i e#ti#e

    $ta'ilitatea $tati"a , i# $ituatia "a#% u#ul $au ai ulte

    "o&a!tie#te (i# #ua! liitat)au .o$t i#u#%ate "u a&a , i#u!a &!o%u"e!ii u#o! ava!ii la "o!&ul $au+

    SOLIITATEA

    E$te "a&a"itatea #avei %e a #u $e %e.o!a atu#"i "a#%

    a$u&!a $a a"tio#eaa .o!te e4te!ioa!e %i# toate %i!e"tiile

    (va#t,valu!i,%e&u#e!i %e 13eata)+O$atu!a

    (lo#1itu%i#ala,t!a#$ve!$ala, "o'i#ata , i4ta et")!e&!ei#ta

    elee#tul &!i#"i&al "e "o#.e!a !o'u$tete #avei+

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    =+Calitatile evolutive ale #avei

    VITEZA,GIRATIA,INERTIA,STABILITATEA E RUM

    VITEZA NAVEI

    Re&!ei#ta %i$ta#ta &a!"u!$a %e #ava i#t!-u# a#uiti#te!val %e ti& .u#"tie %e &ute!ea i#$talatiei %e &!o&ul$iea #avei

    U#itati %e a$u!a 7@$9,7N%(M@3)9,7"a'@i#9,7M@i9,7

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    Vitea a4ia vitea o'ti#uta %e #ava "u otoa!ele

    .u#"tio#a#% la &a!aet!i a4ii($e .olo$e$te &e#t!u $"u!t

    ti& , i# $ituatii e4"e&tio#ale)

    Vitea i#ia vitea la "a!e #ava ai &oate .i1uve!#ata("a!a ai a!e e.e"t )

    Vitea &!i# a&a vitea #avei i# !a&o!t "u $u&!a.ata a&ei

    Vitea %ea$u&!a .u#%ului vitea #avei i# !a&o!t "u .u#%ul

    a&ei

    Vitea %e a#ev!a vitea "u "a!e #ava e.e"tueaa

    a#ev!e i# &o!t (e$te va!ia'ila)

    Vitea %e $i1u!a#ta vitea la "a!e #ava &oate .i o&!ita &e

    %i$ta#ta "ea ai $"u!ta

    Toata vitea vitea #avei "u i#$talatia %e &!o&ul$ie

    .u#"tio#a#% la &a!aet!i a4i a%i$i(toata vitea e$te

    %i.e!ita %e vitea a4ia)

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    T!e&tele %e vitea la tele1!a.

    MARS INAINTE *oa!te i#"et i#ai#te I#"et i#ai#te

    uatate i#ai#te Toata vitea i#ai#te+

    MARS INA/OI *oa!te i#"et i#a&oi I#"et i#a&oi uatate

    i#a&oi Toata vitea i#a&oi+

    :N%0:M@:O!a0;,:F @$ :N%0:;"a'@;i#0:@"a'@i#

    :

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    GIRATIA NAVEI

    Re&!ei#ta t!aie"to!ia %e$"!i$a %e "e#t!ul %e 1!eutate(G) al

    #avei $u' i#.lue#ta e.e"tului %e 1uve!#a!e al eli"ei (&) $au al"a!ei (*) $au $u' i#.lue#ta e.e"tului "o'i#at "a!aHeli"e+

    /e!ioa%ele 1i!atiei

    I+ MANEVRA(INITIALA) %u!eaa :;-:= $e"u#%e $i "o#$ta i#

    o!ie#ta!ea "a!ei la u#13iul o!%o#at #ava $e i#"li#a i#itial i#'o!%ul i# "a!e $-a &u$ "a!a,a&oi ,"a u!a!e a a"tiu#ii .o!tei

    "e#t!i.u1e,$e i#"li#a i# 'o!%ul o&u$u#13iul %e %e!iva(%!i.t

    a#1le)e$te &!o&o!tio#al "u .o!ta &o!ta#ta ,*, "e $e a#i.e$ta &e

    $a.!a#ul "a!ei&!ova #avei a'ate i# 'o!%ul 1i!atiei ia! &u&a, i#

    'o!%ul o&u$+

    II+ EVOLUTIA e$te o .aa i#te!e%ia!a,!elativ $"u!ta,"a!e

    %u!eaa &a#a i# oe#tul "a#% #ava "a&ata o i$"a!e %e

    1i!atie u#i.o!a+

    III+GIRATIA /RO/RIU-ZISA "e#t!ul %e 1!eutate (G) al

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    #avei %e$"!ie o "u!'a i# .o!a %e $&i!ala lo1a!iti"a &e.o#%ul a"tiu#ii .o!tei(a""ele!atiei )lui Co!!ioli$#ava $e !ote$tei# u!ul u#ui a4(&u#"t) #uit &u#"t 1i!ato!iu(&ivot &oi#t)-1-%i# "a!e o'$e!vato!ul !ea!"a i$"a!ea &!ovei $i &u&ei

    #avei "u a"ea$i vitea u#13iula!a i# &u#"tul 1i!ato!iu,u#13iul %e %e!iva e$te #ul la %e&la$a!ea $&!e i#ai#te a#avei , -1- $e %e&la$eaa $&!e &!ova #avei ia! "a#% #avae$te &e a!$ i#a&oi , -1- $e %e&la$eaa $&!e &u&a+

    ELEMENTELE CURBEI E GIRATIE

    iaet!ul %e 1i!atie(1i!atiei "o&lete)1 0e$te %iaet!ul"e!"uluiJ %e$"!i$ %e "e#t!ul %e 1!eutate al #avei(G)%u&a "e#ava a $"3i'at %e %!u "u ?;1!%+1 e$te a!e i# a&elei"i "a a%a#"ie, $i i" ,i# a&ele a%a#"i(a%a#"iea--60F&e$"aul #avei--%)

    iaet!ul ta"ti"(t) 0 e$te %i$ta#ta("ea ai $"u!ta)%i#t!e&la#ul lo#1itu%i#al(%iaet!al)al #avei la i#"e&utul 1i!atiei $i&oitia a"eluia$i &la#, %u&a "e #ava a $"3i'at %e %!u "u:>;1!%+ t0(;,K-:,=)1

    -Ava#$ul(i#ai#ta!ea)-l: 0e$te %i$ta#ta &a!"u!$a %e G,&e

    +

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    %!u "o#$ta#t %i# oe#tul .aei %e a#ev!a(&u#e!ii"a!ei)&a#a la i#toa!"e!ea #avei "u K;1!%+,.ata %e %!uul

    i#itial+ l:0(;,-:,=)1+

    T!a#$.e!ul(%e&la$a!ea late!ala) l= 0%i$ta#ta "u "a!e $e%e&la$eaa late!al G %i# oe#tul i#"e&e!ii 1i!atiei, &a#a"a#% #ava a $"3i'at %e %!u "u K;1!%+ l=0(;,-;,)1+

    A'ate!ea(%e&la$a!ea i#ve!$a) l? 0%i$ta#ta a4ia %e%e&la$a!e a lui G, .ata %e %!uul i#itial, i# &a!tea o&u$a

    1i!atiei+ l?0(;,;-;,:)1+ u!ata(&e!ioa%a)1i!atiei 0ti&ul #e"e$a! #avei &e#t!u a

    e.e"tua o i#toa!"e!e %e ?;1!%+E$te %e o!%i#ul i#utelo!(F-i#)+ u!ata 1i!atiei %e&i#%e %e .a"to!i "avitea #avei &eti&ul a#ev!ei $ta!ea %e i#"a!"a!e a #avei $u&!a.ata

    veli"a a #avei %ie#$iu#ile $i i#"li#a!ile #avei $u&!a.ata$a.!a#ului $i u#13iul %e "a!a $ta!ea .a"to!ilo!3i%!oeteo!olo1i"i $i %e a1itatie a a!ii+

    U#13iul %e %e!iva(%!i.t a#1le) 0 u#13iul "u va!.ul i# G .o!ati#t!e a4ul lo#1itu%i#al al #avei $i ta#1e#ta la "u!'a %e 1i!atie%u$a &!i# G+

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    U#13iul %e %e!iva a!e valoa!e a4ia la &u&a #avei $i

    valoa!e #ula i# 1-+A"e$t u#13i e$te i# 1e#e!al i" i# a&ele

    "u a%a#"ie i"a, $i a!e , i# a&ele a%a#"i+

    Vitea #avei &e "u!'a %e 1i!atie la a&e a%a#"i7 Vitea #avei&e "u!'a %e 1i!atie la a&e "u a%a#"ie i"a

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    :+ I#e!tia #avei i# a!$ &oate .i

    a) &oitiva "a#% #ava &!o&!ie ,#avi1a#% i# "o#voi, i$i

    i"$o!eaa %i$ta#ta .ata %e #ava 13i% J("a!eia I $e

    "u#oa$te %!uul $i vitea),$ituata i# &!ova, %e$i t!e'uie $ae#ti#a %i$ta#ta "o#$ta#ta

    ') #e1ativa - "a#% #ava &!o&!ie ,#avi1a#% i# "o#voi, i$i

    a!e$te %i$ta#ta .ata %e #ava 13i% J("a!eia I $e "u#oa$te

    %!uul $i vitea),$ituata i# &!ova, %e$i t!e'uie $a e#ti#a%i$ta#ta "o#$ta#ta+

    ") "o#$ta#ta "a#% #ava &!o&!ie , #avi1a#% i# "o#voi

    ,&a$t!eaa o %i$ta#ta "o#$ta#ta .ata %e #ava 13i%J$ituata

    i# &!ova+ I#e!tia %e a!$ %e&i#%e %e $ta!ea %e i#"a!"a!e a #avei

    %i!e"tia $i .o!ta(vitea) va#tului "u!e#tul a&ei $i $ta!ea %e

    a1itatie a a!ii e#ti#e!ea "o#$ta#ta a !e1iului %e a!$+

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    =+ I#e!tia la "a!a %i$ta#ta &e "a!e o &a!"u!1e #ava %i#

    oe#tul %a!ii "oe#ii la "a!a, &a#a i# oe#tul "a#%

    #ava i#"e&e $a 1i!ee( -1- i#"e&e $a $e %e&la$ee $&!e

    &!ova $au $&!e &u&a i# .u#"tie %e $e#$ul %e a!$ al #avei)+ ?+ I#e!tia 1i!atiei "o#ti#ua!ea %e&la$a!ii #avei &e "u!'a %e

    1i!atie, "u u# a#uit #ua! %e 1!a%e, %i# oe#tul i# "a!e

    "a!a e$te i# a4(u#13iul %e "a!a e$te e!o) $i &a#a i#

    oe#tul a#ula!ii i$"a!ii %e 1i!atie+A"ea$ta i#e!tie %e&i#%e

    %e %e&la$ae#tul #avei vitea %e 1i!atie u#13iul %e "a!a

    va#tul "u!e#tii $i valu!ile &!e"u $i %e a%a#"iea a&ei $u'

    "3ila+

    Coe.i"ie#tul %e i#e!tie al #avei %i$ta#ta "a$ti1ata $au

    &ie!%uta, la va!iatia "u u# #o% a viteei #avei &!o&!ii , .ata %e

    o #ava "e a!e o vitea "u#o$"uta $i "o#$ta#ta+ A"e$t

    "oe.i"ie#t "!e$te &e#t!u vitee i"i $i $"a%e &e#t!u vitee

    a!i+