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Epkck tkrgjghokreck dho Jrevhe h dho zjoe chghtrji

Ce Jrevhe, `josthtuhe pktrjnreih` erk uo `ere`tkr epertk.o`edrebhc uohthh nkjtk`tjoh`k e eutjmtjoucuh deoubheo (vk`mh ou`cku ec`rhstechoucuh `erpeth`), otrken zjoe k prkdhspusijrgehuohcjr dk `jote`t

tkrgh` h gktesjgeth` der h uouh `mhghsg ec epkcjr o `erk prkdjghobh`erbjoehh `u uo pm gkdhu h sceb ec`echo (9, = h >,4), `u j verhehk e`johoutucuh dk jxhnko ce pkstk 56 gn / c (o Jrevhe Gjoteo) h ce 8,0 gn/ c (Jrevhe Rjgo).2o dk`ursuc vrkgurhcjr, stretk e`vhikrk sub prkshuokeu dkbhtet ertkzheo, rkzuctod ihk hzbu`urh, ihk dk-e drkptuc hzvjerktkrgjghokreck es`kodkotk, geh ecks o pkrhgktrkck sprk Nrkjoh, otj`gehzjokh dk ire`tur dhotrk Gkmedh`e h @uptjerk. Kck eu ckntur `u uoikojgko otcoht o @gphe dk Ykst, `u ire`turh `rhstechok h j bjnhk dkbhjxhd dk `erbjo.0

E`kstk `ere`tkrhsth`h, `jrjbjretk `u `hudkohhck subthpucuh `chgeth`

bokeo, eu etres etkohe o` dho kpj`e ikudec. Vkcbert dk Thghjereevke hoijrgehh dksprk epkck `u rjc tgduhtjr eck @h`cjvkh, dho prkelgeJrevhkh, o `rhck seck Dk seo`ths, Dk tkgpjrk, Uuedrenkshgecks,Ptkccerhug4 o 5>0;, Mko`mkc `hte ikojgkouc dk ce Jrevhe `e uouckxkgpchih`od ghokrechzehe prho kgeoehk; her o 5>;;, Ckmgeo, `erk evkoht eh`h osjhod pk `jotkck Nyucey, `jgpcktkez tkjrhe kgeoehkh.9De`L. Kmrckr kougkre prhotrk `urhjzhthck zjokh bhck tgduhtjerk h vjrbkegeh ecks dk hzvjerkck Gkmedhkh,>I. Nrhskchoh eghotke o P`rhsjerke e ]H-e`trk ebetkck Djgkoh`j Cezzerj Ppecceozeoh ` o dhstrh`tuc ghohkrJrevhe, ce pjeckck guotkcuh @jjv, sk eic uo hzvjr eck `ruh epk eu uo

nust sret h eger, ihhod e`jpkrhtk ce supreie ok`jotkoht `u gh`h bh`h dkekr vkohtk dho edo` h eskguhe hzvjruc `u `kc dk ce Chpjve.=Hzvjruc k hezh cj`uc dk s`ecd ec ghstrkhcjr h k ought Ce rjnjez.

Ce eohh 5=26, ierge`hstuc Aerc Aojbceu`m kre peshjoet dk eoechzeepkcjr dho hzvjerkck eicetk o prkelge Jrevhkh. Geh trzhu, Vevkc Yesh`huthchze detk ierge`hstucuh jrvhkeo o brjure se, Mhdrjtkrephe, vhodk`erke`u ep. o pkrhjede hotkrbkch`, hospk`tjruc dk votjerk H. Bjcbj`e estudhet `jgpjokotkck epkh h e nsht 56,; gn sucieh, =84,; gn mhdrjnko`erbjoet h 266 gn `cjrurh pk keothjo. @echthck `urethvk eck epkh dhozjoe Jrevhe @h`cjve Gjoteo kreu rk`uojs`utk, dk ectikc, pkotru `

o 5>0=-5>08, `od `huge i`ke revenhh o Thghjere h gprklurhgh,

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`joshchkruc prjvho`hec Ljmeoo Eotjo Dks`meo vjo Meoosko, ki ec `jghshkhseohterk, hotkrzhsksk `josugerke epkh dho jre, sjch`htod kxpkdhkrke `ug onduheu ghlcje`kck ce odkgo, etuo`h e uojr `eothth trhghsk dkJih`huc Gjoteohsth` h Dhrk`tjretuc dho Jrevhe. @tkve repjertk vjrbks` dkeque`zhacjeoe, equekgjosirketh`ug.

Dkecurhck phkgjoteok eck Jrevhkh suot ijrgetk h kck dho hsturh`rhstechok, nrkshh pkrghkok, `ec`erk luresh`k strbtutk dk beoethtk4=,getkrhec dktrhth` dkpus pk rguc sudh` ec ijstucuh ce` peojoh` o okjnko h`uetkroer48, `gphe ihhod rkdus, geh guct pk stone rucuh @re, ihhhoduo ks sub`jchoer;6. Vjzhhe prhvhcknhet pk `erk e evut-j Jrevhe dk-ecuonuc hstjrhkh seck j d ekzerke o ghlcj`uc uokh rknhuoh bjnetk oghokreck h bjnhh vknkteck. Egbesedjruc cuh Oepjckjo ce @josteothojpjc,

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Kd. Tmjuvkokc, ojtkez `u skoshbhchtetk e`kstke, `e h dksprk Jrjve,Yr`hjrjve, @krokh.92.

Djghoeote `chgeth` kstk tkgpkret-`jothokotec, dk subthpbokeo, `u oueok subgkdhtkreokkok, ce `joicukoe gerkkcjr dk ekr

etceoth` h gkdhtkreokeo. [o rknhg tkrgh` gjdkret, hkrohck `ecdk hprhgvkrhck thgpurhh, prkzkoe ekrucuh ugkd dho vkst h sud-vkst,djghoeote irjotec hotkos rkprkzhot ectk spk`hih`urh otr-j zjonkjnreih` uodk evkg `eothth eoueck gkdhh dk prk`hphtehh, edh` =69 ggprk`hphtehh etgjsikrh`k ce Jrevhe h ;0,4 gkdhe eouec dk zhck `uohosjerk9>. o heouerhk, ce Jrevhe evkg vecjrh tkrgh`k rhdh`etk dk 5,56@9=,`u rhdh`rh brutk h prjnrkshvk eck tkgpkreturhh prhgvere98. Espk`tucnkokrec dk oueo gkdhtkreokkeo kre subchohet h dk hosthtuhhckspk`hechzetk dho eohh 06 eh sk`jcucuh trk`ut< o Jctkohe, Beoet h Djbrjnkek j `chg geh eprjphet dk `ke dho Hteche>6. [o spk`hih` ec houtucuh kstk

votuc @jeve, @jkvhe, votuc dk vkst ought o pjpjr Duorhou,Duorkeou>5. Kstk uo ikojgko dk ijko, hotkos o sk`tjruc vksth`, sprkdhrk`he sud-kst `trk ojrd-kst h betk o reieck `erk dkpks` vhtkze dk46 g/s (546 ag/s), eskgoet `u votuc gerk dho Inre, `u @mkrjjakk-uc dho Egkrh`e dk Ojrd, Aeo`meo-uc dho @kycjo, `u voturhck dho Ecphh Htechkhh Kcvkhkh, dho Guohh P`eodhoevhkh h eh P`jhkh>2. @od betk @jeve,ugkzkece s`edk otrk 56-5>% her ce ptruodkrke geskcjr dk ekr dho vksteperk `ke>0.

Ce `jote`tuc `u guotkck kxhst streturh e`vhikrk sub prkshuok der hhzvjerk tkrgj-ghokreck o zjoe dk ire`tur Jrevhe-@h`cjve Gjoteo.. Ce

@h`cjve Gjoteo, epkck tkrgeck eper `u tkgpkreturh dk 2>6

@ oijrgehuohck pchj`kok>=. o 5=;0, @jghshe Aerc Mj`mkdkr, e`thvod subjrdho hgpkrhec, kik`tukez studhh ce iee cj`ucuh prhvhod rkkeue tkreo hsubtkreo e epkcjr.

o repjrtuc dho 5=;0, sk`rkteruc ghohstkrhec Aerc Mj`mkdkr honhokrucsupkrhjr dk ce Yhkoe, Krwho Chmjssay h hospk`tjruc ghohkr Ljskpm Duccohngkohjoeu epk ghokreck dk gerk `jo`kotrethk, seturetk o srurh 5;6gn/c, otrk @mkhck Nrchtkh h Lhtho, epk `u vecjerke prj`kotuece dk gvec%(2b) ce Gehdeo, jsgjcerhtetkesjcuthkh ihzhjcjnh`k dk Oe@c dk 02; gjc/c, ceepkck iotohcjr dho Enedh`h h Nrkjoh, epk `u djgkohuc dk ghokrechzerk 5-

5;n%j o Jrevhe Rjgo, epk tkrgeck h tkrgjghokreck, `ughokrechzerke dk pkstk 5 n/c otrk Jrevhe h Nrkjoh. o zjoe Brjtkoh skhdkothih` epk mhpjtkrgeck dk 26 046@.

Ce 54 skptkgbrhk 5=;4, Yhkoe kcebjrkez Cknke prhvhod`jo`kshjoerke rksurskcjr subsjcucuh bokeo h e `hcjr ikretk, ihoechzetkjrh o cu`ru, `trk ihrgk perth`ucerk. Pk `rke PtKN.Gkohjoerkeghokrechzrhh surskcjr dk ep dk supreie h edo`hgk kstk jbchnetjrhk opkrhjede gsurtjrhcjr. @jjrdjoetjrhh ghshuohh suot chdkruc prjhk`teohcjr,honhokruc ermhtk`t Aerc Geohkc, elutet dk j k`mhp ijrget dho honhokrucsupkrhjr Krwho Chmjssay, honhokruc ghohkr Ljski Duccohn, honhokruc Be`m,dhrk`tjruc Dhrk`hkh @kotreck PtKN dho Yhkoe, Aerc Dkbjquk, dhrk`tjrucDhrk`hkh Gjoteohsth`k Beoet, Irhkdrh`m Rkhtz, `joshchkruc euch` honhokrucKrwho Chmjssay, prjhk`teotuc Eotjohus Reppjs, ojteruc lurhst Krokst ^kbkr

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dho Eohoe, sk`rkteruc ghohstkrhec, honhokr ^. Nrei, gkgbru o `jodu`krkesupkrhjer PtKN ce bhrjurhck dho Yhkoe eck sj`hkthh, edghohstretjrucnkokrec PtKN dho Yhkoe, Bkokdhat vjo Rjme, ecturh dk prhgeruc jreucuhEohoe, Ireoz Mhrspka, dk ojteruc, @josteotho vjo P`mhcdk, dkedghohstretjruc gktecurn I. Bertjcjgus h dk edghohstretjruc ghokcjr

hgpkrheck, Mkhorh`m ^uodkrch`m, ermhdu`kck Ecbrk`mt, ecturh dk dhrk`tjrucgktecurnhkh, Aerc Mjinertokr, dk trkzjrhkruc ghokcjr, Ireoz P`mrakostkho.

Pjodelk, rkzuctetk, bhceourh, `jgperehh `u epkck dho rkstuchgpkrhucuh h dho Kurjpe `jo`mhd esupre geh guctjr spk`hih`hth dho ere@ereucuh h Jrevhe. Hzvjerkck dho Jrevhe Gjoteo, Jrevhe Rjgo h`gphe sprk Nrkjoh, @e`jve, Thghjere, eu epkck `u `echth ghokrecktkrepkuth`k, `ceshih`etk estikc0;,Mko`mkc `hte ikojgkouc dk ce Jrevhe `e uouc kxkgpchih`od ghokrechzehe prhokgeoehk; her o 5>;;, Ckmgeo, `erk e vkoht eh`h osjhod pk `jotkck Nyucey,`jgpcktkez tkjrhe kgeoehkh.9De` L. Kmrckr kougkre prhotrk `urhjzhthck zjokhbhck tgduhtjerk h vjrbke geh ecks dk hzvjerkck Gkmedhkh,> I. Nrhskchoheghotke o P`rhsjerke e ]H-e `trk ebetkck Djgkoh`j Cezzerj Ppecceozeoh `o dhstrh`tuc ghohkr Jrevhe, ce pjeckck guotkcuh @jjv, sk eic uo hzvjr eck

`ruh epk eu uo nust sret h eger, ihhod e`jpkrhtk ce supreie ok`jotkoht `u gh`hbh`h dk ekr vkohtk dho edo` h eskguhe hzvjruc `u `kc dk ce Chpjve.=Hzvjruc kh ezh cj`uc dk s`ecd ec ghstrkhcjr h k ought Ce rjnjez.

Ce eohh 5=26, ierge`hstuc Aerc Aojbceu`m kre peshjoet dk eoechze epkcjrdho hzvjerkck eicetk o prkelge Jrevhkh. Geh trzhu, Vevkc Yesh`h uthchze detkierge`hstucuh jrvhkeo o brjure se, Mhdrjtkrephe, vhodk`erke `u ep. o

pkrhjede hotkrbkch`, hospk`tjruc dk votjerk H. Bjcbj`e e studhet `jgpjokotkckepkh h e nsht 56,; gn sucieh, =84,; gn mhdrjnko `erbjoet h 266 gn `cjrurh pkkeothjo. @echthck `urethvk eck epkh dho zjoe Jrevhe @h`cjve Gjoteo kreu

rk`uojs`utk, dk ectikc, pkotru ` o 5>0=-5>08, `od `huge i`ke revenhh oThghjere h gprklurhgh,8 `joshchkruc prjvho`hec Ljmeoo Eotjo Dks`meo vjoMeoosko, ki ec `jghshkh seohterk, hotkrzhsksk `josugerke epkh dho jre,sjch`htod kxpkdhkrke `ug onduheu ghlcje`kck ce odkgo, etuo`h e uojr`eothth trhghsk dk Jih`huc Gjoteohsth` h Dhrk`tjretuc dho Jrevhe. @tkverepjertk vjrbks` dk eque `zhacjeoe, equekgjosirketh`ug.

Ce sihohrke Bhskrh`hh Jrtjdjxk dho @h`cjve Gjoteo (5>=0),56 kphs`jpucdk Yrk, Yh`mkothk Vjpjvh`hu, ie`k uo pjpes ce hzvjruc dho prkelge skdhucuhDhrk`hkh Gjoteohsth`k Jrevhe, epk dksprk `erk geh trzhuve grturhsh o `tkve

s`rhsjrh trhghsk rubkdkohhcjr seck dho Vteuc Ecglucuh. Kstk e`kste uo hodh`hu`erk ok elut s cj`echzg prjbckge o prkelge kdhih`hucuh h e spehucuh `erk ve

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ec`tuh epjh, o e djue lugtetk e sk`jcucuh trk`ut, stebhchgkotuc rk`rkethv ecprjthpkodedkh cj`eck, `uojs`ut sub ougkck dk Bhck Aokhpp. Phtuet o JrevheGjoteo, pk uo tkrko `ruhe o` dho sk`jcuc ]YHHH Nrhskchoh h nske j`jgpjoko ernhcjes, dk turgecho okenr h gh` o `erk sk zrks` nruok dk

ikcdspet,

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hzvjruc etrsksk etkohe h oehotk dk egkoelrhck dho 5==9-5==8. `euo spk`hih` ec pozkh dk ep subtkreo dho zjo, `ere`tkrhzet dk j ghokrechzerk`hiret otrk 5>6-286 gn./c, `jrjbjret `u dkzvjcterke zjjpceo`tjoucuh, keeperhok zjokh dk skdhgkoterk eck `ec`erkcjr luresh`k h `rkte`h`ucuh hoikrhjr.Edh` e`kcuh gengethsg ceregh` otcoht h ce J`oe dk Ihkr, Purdu`, Hchdhe, Pes`eGjoteo,52epkck dk e`kst thp evod rkeck `echth `urethvk50seu ijcjshod ce uokck

prkperetk ierge`kuth`k.54 Dk ectikc, o` dho 5=04, ierge`jpkke eustrhe` ce`erk `jcebjreskr pk beze kxpkrhkokh dho tkrhtjrhhck `jrjeokh ierge`hth hthokreoh`erk eu ethos o `kr`ktrhck cjr spehuc bokeo, hoskre eque ijoteoj (Bruooko^esskr)5; `e uo egkodegkot prjph`k ce strhck dk vjg. @kke `k Nrhskchohspusksk `u dk`kohh o urg< De` h shgt o`r`et stjge`uc, rjgohh rk`urn cehkrburh `erk prjdu` vjge. o estikc dk `ezurh, buture cjr kstk epe rk`k seu uodk`j`t dk `cdru, Equhcknhe.59 Rkikrhrh dhrk`tk, dk`h, ce gecve vucnerhs-aeskpjppkc5> h ce uonukotug eknythe`ug-jxygkc ekrunhohs (ghxtur dkrkkt ekrunhohs chbreg skghs, mkcchs uo`hes kskx dk`hg h e`kth uo`hesj`tj) o ves dk `upru, enhtet o syrjph sphsstudhokg.5= otrk 5800-580=,spk`hechstuc o nkjcjnhk h nkjdkzhk, der h o `mhghe ghokreckcjr, @runch`jv,stebhcke dup studhh `josteotk esupre `echthcjr epkh dho `jgpjzhhe e`kstuh hzvjrj ghokrechzehk dk =>9 gn/c o dhjxhd `erbjoh`, >5 gn/c `cjr, 426,j gn/c

mhdrjnko `erbjoetet, 8=,8 gn/c sjdhu, 4,0 gn/c pjteshu, 4=,25 gn/c `ec`hu, 20,9genokzhu, 5,0 gn /c ihkr.

o otrkn pkrhgktruc chghtet ce ojrd dk Brzeve, sud-@mkhck Okrkh, kst-dkecuc Bjzjvh`h, Yecke Vjokes`e, vkst-Dkecurhck Jrevhkh, epkck subtkreok eu`echth ghokreck. Dk phcd, o phkgjotuc jrvhkeo kck strbet sprk supreiehsturh `rhstechok, nrkshh pkrghkok h `ec`erk luresh`k strpuosk dk beoethtk .58Ikrkdkuc dk pk Yecke Gerk, j behk tur`kes`, dk ectikc, k guct `utet po ceegkoelerke Bhcjr Aokhpp h e hzvjrucuh Phttokr o cj`urh dk vhcknhetur h `uroeturhst, pk prho`hphhck mjgkjpethkh. Ikrkdkuc k studhet dk ^. Chodnrko `u

elutjruc prhktkoucuh su, ierge`hstuc Aojbceu`m, stebhchod ` k uo z`gotmhpjtkrgec her hzvjruc dk sub Guotkck Phghjo kstk gkzjtkrgec.26Hoijrgehh verhheret, dk-e cuonuc e trkh vke`urh, ` o Jrevhe suot bh ikrunhojesk.25@k kstkedkvret o tjetk e`kstke, oskego dkgjostrehe ` epkck tkrgjghokreck eudktkrghoeto Jrevhe tredhhe uojr egkoelrh dk `ur h enrkgkot.22

Jrneohzerke e`kckh Oeturmkhcbed ce Jrevhe, sub goe prh`kput eermhtk`tucuh `jodu`tjr h eotrkprkojr hgpkrhec Phttokr, ce 5===,20e hout `jot, irodjhec, dk uo rknhg pkhsenkr h dk rk`joijrteote egbheo `chgeth` e houtucuh.Pk ijcjske epe ghokrec `e vhodk`erk, s`rhk uo hstjrh` cj`ec.24 Geh trzhu, o

5=80, sub jbcduhrke lurhstucuh h dkputetucuh Eurkc Geohu, gkdh`ucuh NkjrnP`mkde h ermhtk`tucuh Ireoz Phttokr, `ure pjert ougkck cuh Ljmeoo Pkbestheo

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Kmrgeoo Njttirhkd Aokhpp h k bezet pk j hotkr`jodhhjoerk pshmj-jrneoh` hpshmj-tkreph` dk nrup. Ke iusksk tkjrkthzet ihk o cu`rrhck hohhetjrucuh, pk `erk`kh trkh jrvhkoh c vjr vhzhte ce ^rhsmjiiko, ihk o eck spk`hechthcjr gkdh`hokhdho kpj`2; Phstkguc `urethv evke ce Jrevhe, `e rksurs, epe ghokrechzet

prjvkohod dho hzvjerkck dk ce Tcve Gh` h dk sub Phghjo (=88 g) der h uo ectrkhcke, dk ce Vjr`eru - Rjcu Oju (8== g), `eptetk otr-j edu`huok dk shotkz oho`hote e`tueckh bh `jguoeck jrvhkok.

Gktjde e`kstuh hosjcht tretegkot dk treozhhk, ought o Jrevhe BhckAokhpp, ou kre `mher oju o vke`uc trk`ut, de` er ih s eghothg g`ergeous`rhsuc ghs`kceoku or. 596>-BER uodk, pk 92 ihck, sk rkprjdu` rkktkgkdh`eck h k hoskret uo dh`hjoer dk pceotk gkdh`hoeck `u `echthck cjr `urethvk29seu tkxtuc dksprk `echthck gkdh`hoeck eck uojr iru`tk dho geous`rhsucghs`kceoku or. 5=46,2> egbkck dho prhge lugtetk e sk`jcucuh ec ]H]-cke,`jck`hjoetk o @re. Eurkc Geohu e egkoelet h uo drug dk `ur oeturhstAokhppwkn otrk Jrevhe hGerhce, prho pdurhck dk bred, pho oknru, ien dho

prkelge Jrevhkh.2= otr-uo hout o `erk ie`tjruc euxhcher `u pjodkrks`mhgbtjerk sk vdke e ih, geh guct dk`t o ectk cj`urh, `chge ,28 hzvjruc ou

putke trk`k okjbskrvet. Geh ecks `, o vrkgke rkvjcuhkh dk ce 5=4=, `cdhrke enzduht pk Ereoyh, oehotke btchkh dk e djue zh `u eustrhk`hh, pk Dkecuc Gerhce,o ; geh 5=48.06

Vk beze jrdhoucuh Ghohstkrucuh dk Hotkrok, dho 20 dk`kgbrhk 5=;4, vecebhcpkotru tjetk stetkck @jrjeokh, o 5> perenreik, sk subchohe jbchnethvhtetkevkrhih`rhh rksurskcjr dk ep `u `echth dkjskbhtk h sk vjr hotrjdu`k prk`hzrhck o

Erzokh-texk pk eouc 5=;;.05 Iehge bhcjr gjthvkez dk `k, otrk echh, oeunust 5869 eu vkoht ce tretegkot Hjshi dKstkr, dhrk`tjruc `jc hh Geh`hcjrEonch`eok dho Bu`urkth h `joiksjruc rknkcuh @erjc H ec Rjgohkh, prjiksjruc@erjc Ihs`mkr dk ce Ch`kuc Nmkjrnmk Cezr.02 Rkvkohod ce tkxtucrknckgkotrhcjr dho eohh 5=;;-5=;9, eicg ` lugtetk dho vkohtuc o`esrhcjrdhotr-j cj`echtetk urge s rkvho `kcjr `k h-er esuge j`rjthrke, `joskrverke huthcerke e`kstjr hzvjerk. Hzvjerkck dho luruc Jrevhkh h dk pk `koture irketh`Jrevhe - @h`cjve, vjr ih gkohjoetk o stethsth`h dk spk`hechtetk,00 o studhhkxpkrhgkotechstk,04 o cu`rrh dk nkjnreihk.0; Hzvjruc dk ce Jrevhe kre j

rkzucteot e `jodhhhcjr chtjcjnh`k her ohvkcuc mhdrjsteth` gkdhu etkste josteoe dkpkrspk`thv cuon e dkbhtucuh. Estikc dk epk kreu uthchzetk o kpj`, ihk pkotrutkrephh hotkoshvk, o `jgbhoehk `u pceotkck pkotru `jgbetkrke strhh ikbreck,09ihk

pkotru kxkr`hhh dk eutjsunksthk o ekruc `uret ec Jrevhkh Gjoteok.0>K o` uoernugkot ec jrnjchucuh cj`ec skrhe e`kstjr ectk prhjrhth jrvhkok h kxpch` hkotuzhesguc edghohstrethv-kdhchter o dksk rodurh. @od, ce 2 huohk 5==8, otr-uodhs`urs `kckbru, Eurkc Geohu dk`ceoe jpkrehuohck rkojvrhh redh`eck e vk`mhucuhtketru, kc eouoe `u gerk bu`urhk h ihoechzerke cu`rrhcjr dk gjdkrohzerk estebhchgkotucuh hotret o chgbeluc `jthdheo `e Bhck Aokhpp, uo spehu dk chohtk

h rk`ucknkrk, dk purhih`erk suicktkes` h ihzh` e trupucuh h ghohh.

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o` ce 580;, Phghjo Gkmkdhoh,0= dhs`ute o tkrgkoh kcjnhjh dksprkhzvjerkck `ecdk dho tjetk puo`tkck `erdhoeck eck Beoetucuh, `e uo spk`hih` ec zjokhher O. Hjrne, o pjpesuc jrvhkeo dho vere cuh 5808, vhzhtod stebhchgkotuce`vetkrgec Phttokr jrh treoduc tkrgec dk ce @h`cjve Gjoteo, `u neckrhe rjgeo

h hzvjruc dk eh`h, h ve eghoth dk Jrevhe `e dk uo ghouoet `jc ec rhh.

08

o5842, uo nrup dk jihkrh nkrgeoh epch` pk jpt keothjeok prkcuetk dk ce verhhhzvjerk hotkrhjerk eck jreucuh, pk treskuc dho @erthkruc Ijrvhz h po ce e`tuece

phe e `jchh Nkokreck or. 2, tkzkck cuh E. G. Bettgeo dksprk tretegkotuc`josk`utjrhu ec epkh h vepjrhcjr pk uo tresku subtkreo dk hzvjr `ecd,46jbhoodrkzuctetk `erk, o `jodhhh dk pe`k h ou dk rzbjh, etuo`h, er ih pkrghstreosijrgerke Jrevhkh otr-j stehuok chgetkrh`.

h `kck dju ce`urh jrvhkok dktkrgho, prho phtjrks`ucekzrhh cjr, gehguctk hohhethvk. Ce`urhck suot uo buo pubch`, j godrhk e cj`ucuh. Dk e`kke, `u

prhckluc uojr kvkohgkotk okikrh`htk, prk`ug e`kcke dk ce 5>0=-5>08, 5=4=-5=48,kck puo o eckrt cj`ecoh`hh her nerde `hvhc epr ce`urhck dk kvkotueck dhstrunkrh.Dho 5=;;, ce`urhck suot hotknretk Dhrk`hkh Phcvh`k e PtKN. o 5=92, gkdh`ucdhstrh`tuec Eckxeodru Vjpjvh`hu egkoelkez uo`egpegkot dk vhcknheturconCe`uc Gerk, dho 5=== @cubuc dk Nhgoesth` h P`rhg ijcjsktk `e cj` dkeotrkoegkot h rk`rkkrk zjoe dho prkelge ce`urhcjr her dho 5=80 Pj`hktetke@erpetho Turhsth`prkhe o nrhle se ce`urhck h jrneohzkez, skzjohkr, `jo`ursurhdk egber`ehuoh gh`h. Tjt etuo`h ce`urhck suot hotknretk shstkgucuh dk `urAokhpp, gprkuo `u treskuc dk vhcknheturAokhppwkn, pk gecuc Ce`ucuh Gh`.Con Ce`uc Gerk kstk `eoechzet hzvjruc Iumrwkskobed. Dho 25 huchk 5866,

con Ce`uc Gerk, prjprhkteruc Ireoz (Ireo`hs`) Nreu egkoelkez Ptehuoke dkYhcknhetur Yecke Ghokrhcjr, Boyvcny, bh h cj` `chgetkrh`, dhrk`tjrijodetjr ihhod Nkjrnk Vktrjvh`h, urget ce `jodu`krk dk Nmkjrnmk Lheou.45 o5862, Cudwhn Irstkr, prhg-edghohstretjr ec PtKN, Dhrk`he Jrevhe, rkper `ujegkohh skrvh`hucuh shcvh` bereluc Ce`ucuh Gh`. Egpck cu`rrh dk egkoelrh

pkotru enrkgkot h vhcknhetur eu cj` o 5855, 5829, 580> h 5845. Ludkuc,dkshnur h zjoe dho prkelge rkkdhokh ludkkok, rkprkzhot o 5828, o jphohe

prhgerucuh dk etuo`h, rohstuc Hchk Rusghr, uok sjur`k hoterhssebck dk bkeutsoeturkccks quh ijrgkot uo ptht peredhs deos ojtrk `mkr peys. Ko `jggkoeot per

ck gurgurk du pcus kcjhno ruhsskeux quh ireyk sjo `mkgho eu `hgks dksgjotenoks, cks `mutk dkeu, cks grvkhcckux peysenks dk ojs gjotenoks lusquce pcehok quh sk pkrd deos cks cjhotehos, vkrs ce irjothrk ljunjscevk, sjot teot dksults quh vjus `mergk.42

o per`uc djoet dk ermhtk`tuc Hjeo Bhbkc ce 5=>2, s-eu egkoelet uo secjo, j`uncrhk, uo egihtketru oeturec pkotru spk`te`jck o ekr chbkr, j sec pkotruspk`te`jck, tjegoe h heroe. E`kest P`mtzkonertko, Nrdhoe dkThr dkvhoksub prkkdhohe cuh Eurkc Geohu `kotru spjrthv h `ucturec.40 h s-e rkechzet `u jkghshuok e 466 dk e`huoh dk 56 icjrhoh vecjerk ihk`erk. Ce 0 heouerhk 5===hotr

o e`thvhtetk @cubuc dk Nhgoesth` h P`rhg, `u Ptetutkck eprjbetk ce 5> huohk5===, `u j sec dk prknthrh o cj`ecuc `jchh @hvhck (Ch`kuc dk geh trzhu), `u

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=

prhguc prkkdhotk o pkrsjeoe cuh Hchk Trhc h uo gekstru dk s`rhg, prjiksjrucireo`kz Edrhko Genoho. @cubuc jrneohze `jgpkthhh dk ojt h `eojtel, ijcjshod`kck dju ce`urh seu pethoel, heroe, o Nrdhoe dk Thr seu pk uo tkrko uodk, ohotkrbkch`, sk egkoelesk stedhjouc @ereuc.44

Ce 06 huchk 5=80 erk cj` Eduoerke Nkokrec e esj`hehkh Pj`hktetke@erpetho Turhsth` Erdkckeo K. A. K., sk`he @ere-Jrevhe, evod `eprkkdhotk pk evj`etuc Vevkc Ihtz her `e vh`kprkkdhotk pk prj`urjruc nkokrec ec@urhh dk Epkc dho Thghjere, Eckxhu Njldu.4; Ke jrneohze dks`hodkrh eckgkgbrhcjr sh o phtjrks`uc houtucuh. Dup Gerke [ohrk, Esj`hehe dk TurhsgBeoetuc, Jrevhe erk o `jodu`krke kh h j ikghoho, pk Brhnhttk Mkdbewoy, `uikthe kh dk = eoh, ce 5828. o 5828, Phg. Peg. Gjcdjveo perth`hp `u hoijrgehh,detk stethsth`k ce rkde`terke cu`rrhh @cuze Pj`hkthh Pud-@erpethok h elutihoeo`her kx`urshe dk j zh pk Guotkck Phghjo, ochgke (Dkecuc) Ppkrc, Hzvjrucdho Yeck, j e`thvhtetk `erk erk uo thgp dk ; jrk.49 o 5= ikbruerhk 5804, ihcheceEsj`hehkh @erpethok Treoshcveok dho Jrevhe e evut pk jrdhoke dk zh e kdhokhseck j hoijrgerk o ckntur `u rkuohuoke dk ce @cul, urgod `joikrhoe dksprkturhsg e dr. H. Tucjney epjh j `joikrho dksprk treskk treoshcveok h bokok,

prkzkotet dk dr. Krokst Becjnm.4>E`kkeh sj`hktetk e jrneohzet o 58 geh 5804uo eutjtur, vhzhtod ojuc treod dho Pes`e Rjgo h Okre h @jgeroh`uc. o2>-2= geh, e`kceh eo, eu i`ut j kx`urshk pk Duork, epjh ce Mkr`uceok.@eshkruc esj`hehkh kre Y. Nrubkr, `kc `erk dhiuze o zjo pubch`ehe Krdkcyh.4=

Tkrhtjrhu ec uouh bhj`chget dk k`mhchbru, Jrevhe h gprklurhghck seck jikrestzh gerh pjshbhchth dk kxpeoshuok turhsth`. Dho okikrh`hrk, sk ces o`

etkptet e`kc otrkprhoztjr `erk, odrzok, s dks`mhd `ecke.48

Hjokc Bjte

OJTK0-58>4,(skperetug), 58>;, (skperetug )1 Y. CEH[, Epkck ghokreck, o Oeture,]HY, or. 5, p. 2;

0. E. VRH@LEO, T. EHRHOKH, Epk ghokreck dk `josug echgkoterdho Rjgohe, Bu`urkth, Kdhture thhohih` h Ko`h`cjpkdh`, 58>8, p. 0=

4. Dksprk vhee cuh, o G. @ERENHJH[, [o ugeohst ec vke`ucuh ec ]Y-cke, o Jrhzjot-Genezho, geh 58=;, p. 56

;. Y. BREOE, \`ghotkck gktechikrk eck subsjcucuh rjgoks`,

Bu`urkth, Kdhture thhohih`, 58;=, p. =-89. Hbhdkg.

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8

>. @i. L. L. KMRCKR, Beoetuc dk ce jrhnhoh po e`ug - 5>>4,kdhhk dk@. Ikokeo, Thghjere, Kdhture Ie`ce, 58=2, p. 520

=. @i. IR. NRHPKCHOH, o`kr`erk dk hstjrhk pjchth` h oeturec eBeoetucuh Thghjerkh, kdhhk dk @. Ikokeo, Thghjere, Kdhture Ie`ce, 58=4, p.

064-06;8. Ykzh TM. BRKHKR, Dho hstjrh`uc strhh dk sotetk e Thghjerkh osk`jcuc ec ]YHHH-cke, o Jrhzjot, or. 02, 50 eunust 58=5, p. =

56. Ykzh Y. G[RN[, Gjojnreihe `jguokh @h`cjve Gjoteo, Jrevhe,Thpjnreihe Aedko, 5828, p. ;

55. @i. IR. NRHPKCHOH, jp. `ht.,p. 2>452. Ludkuc @ere-Pkvkrho, p. 5550. @i. IR. [CBRK@MT @ERC NRKO, Phstkgeths`mks meodbu`m dkr

nksggtko `mkghk, H/HH, Mecck, ^ehskomeus-Bu`mmeodcuon, 5>8454. AERC NJTTIRHKD MENKO, Ckmrbu`m dkr Epjtmkakrauost, 2,

Aohnsbkrn, 5=6=1 @MRHPTHEO IRHKDRH@M B[@MJC\, Tmkjrhk uod Vrexhsdkr Vmerge`kuths`m-`mkghs`mko Erbkhtko, Ckhpzhn-Beskc, bkh Mkhorh`mEunust Rjtmgeoo, 5=05

5;. Ykzh Vmerge`jpjke eustrhe`e, kdhthj querte kgkodete, Yhodjbjoek,Typhs @eks. Rkn. Eucek kt Ptetus Typjnrepmhek, 5=04, p. 9

59. @i. NRHPKCHOH, jp. ht.,p. 5=45>. Vmerge`jpjke eustrhe`e, p. 25=. Hbhdkg, p. 8>58. Ludkuc @ere-Pkvkrho, p. 5>

26. Y. BREOE, jp. `ht., p. =-825. Y. VJVE, Gjojnreihe Ch`kucuh dho Jrevhe, 5=>0-58>0, 58>0,

p. 5;22. M. OH@JCEKP@[, Vrhvhrk nkokrec esupre nkjcjnhkh h epkcjr

ghokreck dho ludkuc @ere-Pkvkrho, o vjcuguc Epkck ghokreck hogjcurhck tkrepkuth`k dho R. P. R. , HHH, Bu`urkth, 58>6

20. @i. H. @RKH[, Dksprk uthchzerke gktjdkh Aokhpp o Jrevhe, cesirhtuc sk`jcucuh ec ]H]-cke h o`kputuc sk`jcucuh ec ]]-cke, o IjeheJrevhkh, HHH, or. 5>, 5882, p. 0

24. PHG. PEG. GJCDJYEO, jp. `ht., p. ;92;. Hbhdkg1 @ERC D. P@MRII, Ckmrbu`m dkr pmerge`jnojshk,

^hko, ^hcmkcg Breugcckr a.a. Mjiibu`mmeodckr, 5=;01 @ERC KROPTNROKR, Mjgjptmhs`mk pmerge`jpjk, hg Euitren dks `kotrec vkrkhosmjgjpetmhs`mkr Bu`mmeodcuon, 5=94

29. Ykzh N. TRKGVKC, @etecjnuc geous`rhskcjr rjgokth, HH,Kdhture thhohih` h Ko`h`cjpkdh`, 58=0, p. 52

2>. Hbhdkg, p. >92=. PHG. PEG. GJCDJYEO, jp. `ht., p. ;9

28. C. BJHE, Hstjrhk h gktkjrjcjnhk, o @jotkgpjreouc, or. =, 26ikbruerhk 58>4, p. ;

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56

06. `i. NRE@\E NXJRNX, Ez 5=4=-48-hah genyer-Pzebed senmerztjrtkoktk, Y, Budepkst, 5=8=, p. 842

05. I. @. P@MOKHDKR, @jggkotr zur okuko-stkrrkh`mhs`mkoVmerge`jpk, 2, ^hko, Ykrcen vjo Ir. Geoz, 5=;;, p. 5-9

02. PHG. PEG. GJCDJYEO, jp. `ht., p. ;900. G. P. KMRGEOO, Jkstkr \khts`mrhit ir Vmerge`hk, ^hko, ho@jgghsshjo bkh Tkodckr eod `jgp., 5=;9, p. 52>-528

04. N. MKCC, Vmerge`kuths`m-tk`mohs`mks Geoueck, H, ^hko, Ykrcenvjo Bu`mmjcz eod Dhkbkc, 5=>>, p. 254 sq.

0;. Nkjnreihe gprhkh eustrhk`k, tredus dk Yhserhjo Rjgeo, Phbhhu,Kdhture h Thpjnreihe Kphs`jpec, 5=;9, `ephtjcuc ]H], Yjhkvjdetuc srbh`u hBeoetucuh tkghsheou, p. 52> sq1 @uojthok hstjrh`k, stethsth`k h hstjrh`j-oetureck dksprk gjoer`mhe eutrhe`, Phbhhu, Thpjnreihe Dhk`kseo, 5=;8, o =4

p.1 BKRTMJCD DJC\, Hccustrhkrtk Nks`mh`mtk dks Okukstko \kht, vjcuguc 2,Ckhppzhn-Bkrcho, Ykrcen vjo Jttj Nregkr, 5==4,pesshg.

09. Ykzh iebe ikbrhiune, o IR. P@MOKHDKR, jp. `ht., p. 50>. Jrvh`ze s vhdkak tersesd, 586>, p. 554-5250=. Ykzh H. PHGHJOKP@[, Rjgohe, kdhhe e ]HHH-e, 580;, p. 5=008. E. T[R@[, Oh`jcek Hjrne o Beoet,o Rkoetkrke Bokeo, 25

huohk 5885, p. 01 O. HJRNE, Vrhvkchth bokok, o Rkvhste IuodehhcjrRkneck, YHHH, or. 55, 5 ojhkgbrhk 58081 h cu`rrhck dho 5846, Erte rjgohcjrdho Beoetuc Guotjsh Jbskrvehh h prjbckgk bokok

46. Dks`rhs ce Y. BREOE, \`ghotkck gktechikrk eck subsjcucuhrjgoks`, Bu`urkth, Kdhture thhohih`, 58;=, p. =-8

45. PHG. PEG. GJCDJYEO, jp. `ht., p. 9942. H. R[PGHR, Ck buccktho du dhstrh`t @ere, o Buckthouc k`jojgh` ec

ludkucuh @ere, otj`ght dk HCHK R[PGHR, `u j`ezhe /`kcu h dk/ ec ]HY-cke@jonrks hotkroehjoec dk enrh`uctur hout ce Bu`urkth, o >-56 huohk 5828,Jrevhe, Chbrrhe `jeckcjr h Thpjnreihe Vrjnrksuc, Pj`hktetk Eojohg, 5828,

p. 040. PHG. PEG. GJCDJYEO, jp. `ht., p. ;444. Hbhdkg, p. ;9

4;. Hbhdkg, p. 92==49. Ijod `ht., Dj`ugkotuc or. 442, `krokec okenr, 2 p., 25 x 02 `g4>. Ykzh o Jrevh`zekr ^j`mkobcett, or.>, 5804, p. 04=. Eusicunk, o Jrevh`zekr ^j`mkobcett , or. 58, 5804, p. 048. H. BJTE, Hstjrhk becoker ce Jrevhe, o Vereckce 4;, 8 eunust

5880, p. 9