ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF...

216
ANALIZA PRACTICILOR 36,+2('8&$21$/( 35,9,1' '(=92/7$5($ $%,/,7Ă/,܉25 121&2*1,7,9( /$ &23,, $'2/(6&(1

Transcript of ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF...

Page 1: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

ANALIZA PRACTICILOR

�'�35,9,1)/$21,܉$&8')2+,36'(=92/7$5($�$%,/,7Ă25/,܉��,܇�,,23&�$/�)1,7,9*2&�121

Q$,܉1)&6)/2'$DOL]D�SUDFWLFLORU�S

VLKRHGX

FDʖLR

QDOH�SULYLQG

�GH]YROWDUHD�D

ELOLWĄʖLORU�Q

RQ�FRJ

QLWLYH�OD�F

RSLL�ʔ

L�DGR

OHVFHQʖL

8QLYHUVLWDWHD�%DEH܈�%RO\DL6WU��0LKDLO�.RJăOQLFHDQX��QU�����������&OXM�1DSRFD��5RPkQLD7HO�����������������)D[�����������������ZZZ�XEEFOXM�UR

,6%1�������������������

/XFUDUH�UHDOL]DWă܈�L�WLSăULWă�vQ�����GH�H[HPSODUHFX�VSULMLQXO�5HSUH]HQWDQ܊HL�81,&()�vQ�5RPkQLD�

(GLWXUD�$OSKD�0'1

81,&()�5RPkQLD%G��3ULPăYHULL��QU����$6HFWRU����%XFXUH܈WL7HO����������������EXFKDUHVW#XQLFHI�RUJZZZ�XQLFHI�UR

Page 2: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL
Page 3: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

ANALIZA PRACTICILOR

�'�35,9,1)/$21,܉$&8')2+,36'(=92/7$5($�$%,/,7Ă25/,܉��,܇�,,23&�$/�)1,7,9*2&�121

,܉1)&6)/2'$

Editura Alpha MDN

%XFXUH܈WL������

Page 4: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

'HVFULHUHD�&,3�D�%LEOLRWHFLL�1DĠLRQDOH�D�5RPkQLHL

235(��$'5,$1

$QDOL]D�SUDFWLFLORU�SVLKRHGXFDĠLRQDOH�SULYLQG�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL�úL�DGROHVFHQĠL���$GULDQ�2SUH��2DQD�%HQJD��'DQLHOD�'XPXOHVFX��FRRUG��SURLHFW��(XJHQLD�$SRO]DQ�

%X]ăX��$OSKD�0'1������

&RQ܊LQH�ELEOLRJUD¿H

,6%1������������������

,��%HQJD��2DQD

,,��'XPXOHVFX��'DQLHOD

,,��$SRO]DQ��(XJHQLD��FRRUG��

�����

&RRUGRQDWRU�8%%��&OXM�1DSRFD�$GULDQ�235(��2DQD�%(1*$��'DQLHOD�'808/(6&8

&RRUGRQDWRU�81,&()�5RPkQLD�(XJHQLD�$32/=$1

Autori �vQ�RUGLQH�DOIDEHWLF�2DQD�%(1*$��5DPRQD�%8=*$5��'DQLHOD�'808/(6&8��$GULDQ�235(��6HEDVWLDQ�3,17($�

&RODERUDWRUL�'HOLD�$5'(/($1��9HURQLFD�%2*25,1�� $QGUDGD�&260$��%RJGDQ�*/$9$1��&DULQD�0$7(,�

3UH]HQWXO�VWXGLX�HVWH�UH]XOWDWXO�XQHL�LQL܊LDWLYH�FRPXQH�D�5HSUH]HQWDQ܊HL�81,&()�vQ�5RPkQLD�úL�D�8QLYHUVLWă܊LL�%DEH܈�%RO\DL��8%%���'HSDUWDPHQWXO�GH�SVLKRORJLH�

/XFUDUH�UHDOL]DWă�FX�VSULMLQXO�5HSUH]HQWDQ܊HL�81,&()�vQ�5RPkQLD�

Page 5: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

/LVWD�GH�DEUHYLHUL

&$6(/� &ROODERUDWLYH�IRU�$FDGHPLF��6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ

&('()23� HQJO��(XURSHDQ�&HQWUH�IRU�'HYHORSPHQW�RI�9RFDWLRQDO�7UDLQLQJ

&('()23� HQJO��(XURSHDQ�&HQWUH�IRU�'HYHORSPHQW�RI�9RFDWLRQDO�7UDLQLQJ

&-5$(� &HQWUXO�-XGH܊HDQ�GH�5HVXUVH܈�L�$VLVWHQ܊ă�(GXFD܊LRQDOă

&0%5$(� &HQWUXO�0XQLFLSLXOXL�%XFXUH܈WL�GH�5HVXUVH�LRQDOă܊ă�(GXFD܊L�$VLVWHQ܈

&236,� &ROHJLXO�3VLKRORJLORU�GLQ�5RPkQLD

'0,� 'RPHQLXO�0DMRU�GH�,QWHUYHQ܊LH

'33'� GHSDUWDPHQWXO�SHQWUX�3UHJăWLUHD�3HUVRQDOXOXL�'LGDFWLF

(5(&� (GXFD܊LH�5D܊LRQDO�(PRWLYă܈�L�&RPSRUWDPHQWDOă

+%6&� +HDOWK�%HKDYLRXU�LQ�6FKRRO�DJHG�&KLOGUHQ

,&&9� ,QVWLWXWXO�GH�&HUFHWDUH�D�&DOLWă܊LL�9LH܊LL

0(1� 0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH

2&'(� 2UJDQL]D܊LD�SHQWUX�&RRSHUDUH܈�L�'H]YROWDUH�(FRQRPLFă

20(&76� 2UGLQXO�0LQLVWHUXOXL�(GXFD܊LHL��&HUFHWăULL��7LQHUHWXOXL܈�L�6SRUWXOXL

21*� 2UJDQL]D܊LH�1RQ�*XYHUQDPHQWDOă

3��� HQJO��7KH�3DUWQHUVKLS�IRU���VW�&HQWXU\�6NLOOV

36+(� HQJO��3HUVRQDO��6RFLDO�DQG�+HDOWK�(GXFDWLRQ

5(%7� HQJO��5DWLRQDO�(PRWLYH�%HKDYLRUDO�7KHUDS\

5./$���� 5HJLRQDO�.QRZOHGJH�DQG�/HDGHUVKLS�$JHQGD���

526(� HQJO��5RPDQLDQ�6HFRQGDU\�(GXFDWLRQ�3URMHFW

6(/� HQJO��6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ�

6(/)�.,7� HQJO��6RFLDO�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ�)DFLOLWDWRU

8%%� 8QLYHUVLWDWHD�%DEH܈�%RO\DL

Page 6: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL
Page 7: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

6XPDU�H[HFXWLY3DUFXUJHP�R�SHULRDGă�GH�vQDOWă�YHUVDWLOLWDWH�VRFLDOă��HFRQRPLFă܈�L�SROLWLFă��FDUH�DPSUHQWHD]ă�VHPQL¿FDWLY�WRDWH�SDOLHUHOH�H[LVWHQ܊HL�QRDVWUH��LQFOXVLY�SH�FHO�HGXFD܊LRQDO��3ULQ�XUPDUH��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�UHSUH]LQWă�R�SURYRFDUH�PDMRUă�SHQWUX�VLVWHPHOH�LQVWUXF܊LRQDOH�GLQ�vQWUHDJD�OXPH��)LH�Fă�YRUELP�GHVSUH܊�ăUL�VXSHULRU�VDX�PHGLX�GH]YROWDWH��HIRUWXULOH�SHQWUX�DVLJXUD�UHD�VWăULL�GH�ELQH܈�L�D�VăQăWă܊LL�PHQWDOH�D�SRSXOD܊LHL܈�FRODUH�VXQW�HYLGHQWH��ÌQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W܈��L�vQ�5RPkQLD�D�DSăUXW�QHFHVLWDWHD�XQHL�GLDJQR]H�DFXUDWH�D�SUDFWLFLORU�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�FX�SULYLUH�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQL�WLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L��([LVWă��GHVLJXU��PDL�PXOWH�VWXGLL܈�L�UDSRDUWH�FDUH�DX� DQDOL]DW�PRGXO� vQ� FDUH� DELOLWă܊LOH� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� VXQW�SRW� ¿� GH]YROWDWH� OD�FRSLLL�SUH܈FRODUL��ÌQ�VFKLPE�VXQW�UDUH��DSURDSH�DEVHQWH��DQDOL]HOH�VLVWHPDWLFH�SULYLQG�GH]YROWDUHD�DFHVWRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H�OD�UHVWXO�FDWHJRULLORU܈�FRODUH�

Scopul studiului

6WXGLXO�GH�ID܊ă�VH�IRFDOL]HD]ă��FX�SULRULWDWH��DVXSUD�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�FXSULQ܈L�vQ�VLVWHPXO�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW��FX�DFFHQW�H[SOLFLW�DVXSUD�HFKLSăULL�ORU�FX�FRPSHWHQ܊H�FH� OH�SHUPLW�R�DGDSWDUH�RSWLPă��0DL�H[DFW��FHUFHWDUHD�v܈L�SUR�SXQH�Vă�VXUSULQGă�PDQLHUD�vQ�FDUH�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�VXQW�SHUFHSXWH��GH]YROWDWH܈�L�YDORUL¿FDWH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�

2ELHFWLYHOH�PDMRUH�FDUH�QH�DX�JKLGDW�vQ�SURLHFWDUHD܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�DFHV�WHL�FHUFHWăUL�DX�IRVW�

D��RSHUD܊LRQDOL]DUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� SULQ� SULVPD� PRGHOHORU�WHRUHWLFH�FRQWHPSRUDQH܈�L�D�SDUWLFXODULWă܊LORU�DFHVWRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�

E��LGHQWL¿FDUHD� EXQHORU� SUDFWLFL� DOH� FRQVLOLHULORU� �FRODUL܈ vQ� FHHD� FH�SULYH܈WH�VWUDWHJLLOH�ORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L��SULQ�DQDOL]H�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO܈�L�LQWHUQD܊LRQDO�

F��IRUPXODUHD�XQRU�UHFRPDQGăUL�FDUH�Vă�VSULMLQH�SROLWLFLOH��VWUDWHJLLOH܈�L�DFWLYLWDWHD� FRQFUHWă� D� GLYHU܈LORU� DFWRUL� UHVSRQVDELOL� GH� GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�

G��RIHULUHD�XQXL�VXSRUW�WHRUHWLF܈�L�HPSLULF�vQ�YHGHUHD�HODERUăULL�XQXL�SD�FKHW�GH�DFWLYLWă܊L�SUDFWLFH��722/�.,7��FDUH�Vă�IDFLOLWH]H�GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�

Page 8: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

3HQWUX�D�UăVSXQGH�DFHVWRU�RELHFWLYH��UDSRUWXO�GH�ID܊ă�D�IRVW�VWUXFWXUDW�vQ�FLQFL�VHF܊LXQL��FăURUD�OH�FRUHVSXQG�WRW�DWkWHD�FDSLWROH��ÌQ�SUH]HQWDUH�VLQWHWLFă�D�FH�ORU�FLQFL�VHF܊LXQL�FDSLWROH�VH�SRW�OHVQH�LGHQWL¿FD�DWkW�HOHPHQWH�FDUH�H[SULPă�PHWRGRORJLD�OD�FDUH�DP�DSHODW��GDU܈�L�VXPDUL]ăUL�DOH�UH]XOWDWHORU�RE܊LQXWH�

�� vQ� VHF܊LXQHD� �� DP� WUDWDW�� UHFXUJkQG� OD� R� DERUGDUH� VLQWHWLFă��RSHUD܊LRQDOL]DUHD� WHUPHQLORU� FKHLH�DL� UDSRUWXOXL��0DL�SUHFLV��DLFL� VXQW�GH¿QLWH� DELOLWă܊LOH� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� FX� DFFHQW� DVXSUD� FHORU� VRFLDOH� �L܈HPR܊LRQDOH�� �L܈ VH� UHDOL]HD]ă�� WRWRGDWă�� R� GHOLPLWDUH� FRQFHSWXDOă� D�DFHVWRU�DELOLWă܊L�GH�FHOH�FRJQLWLYH�

�� vQ� VHF܊LXQHD� �� DP� GHVFULV� DELOLWă܊LOH� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� GLQ� SHUVSHFWLYD�SDUWLFXODULWă܊LORU�DFHVWRUD�OD�YkUVWD܈�FRODUă܈�L��UHVSHFWLY��D�DGROHVFHQ܊HL��2�DWHQ܊LH�VSHFLDOă�D�IRVW�DFRUGDWă�IDFWRULORU�H[WHUQL�FDUH�SRW�VSRUL�YXO�QHUDELOLWDWHD�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQĠLORU��PLJUD܊LD�HFRQRPLFă�SDUHQWDOă��LQHJDOLWă܊LOH�GH�JHQ��PLQRULWă܊LOH�HWQLFH��

�� VHF܊LXQHD���D�VXUSULQV��SULQWU�XQ�GHPHUV�VLQWHWLF�LQWHJUDWLY��R�VHULH�GH�PRGHOH� WHRUHWLFH܈�L�SULQFLSLL� FDUH� IXQGDPHQWHD]ă�HODERUDUHD�SURJUD�PHORU� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� vQ� SDUWLFXODU� D� FHORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��2UJDQL]DUHD�DFHVWHL�VLQWH]H�D� IRVW�JKLGDWă�GH�EXQHOH�SUDFWLFL�LGHQWL¿FDWH�OD�QLYHO�LQWHUQD܊LRQDO܈�L�VXUSULQGH�HOHPHQWH�GH�VSHFL¿FLWDWH�SULYLQG�DGUHVDELOLWDWHD�� UHOD܊LD�FX�FXUULFXOXPXO�GH� IRU�PDUH�DFDGHPLFă��VWUDWHJLLOH�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUH�HWF��'LQ�DQDOL]HOH�UHDOL�]DWH�DP�FRQVWDWDW�Fă�SULQWUH�EDULHUHOH�FHOH�PDL�IUHFYHQWH�vQ�LPSOHPHQ�WDUHD� SURJUDPHORU� VH� QXPăUă�� QHLPSOLFDUHD� VDX� RVWLOLWDWHD� SăULQ܊LORU��UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊LOH�SUHD�PDUL�DOH�FHORU�FDUH�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�DFHVWH�SUR�JUDPH��FRPXQLFDUHD�GH¿FLWDUă�FX�FHOHODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��UHVXUVHOH�¿�QDQFLDUH�OLPLWDWH��IRUPDUHD�GH¿FLWDUă�SH�DQXPLWH�FRPSRQHQWH�UHOHYDQ�WH�SHQWUX�GHVLJQXO܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU��ÌQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS��DP�UHXúLW�Vă�LGHQWL¿FăP܈�L�IDFWRULL�FDUH�FRQWULEXLH�OD�UHX܈LWD�LPSOHPHQWăULL��LORU�QRQ�FRJ܊L�GLVHPLQăULL�SURJUDPHORU�FH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܈QLWLYH܈�L�VăQăWDWHD�PHQWDOă��$FH܈WLD�SRW�¿�JUXSD܊L�vQ���PDUL�FDWHJRULL��D��FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH܈�L� IXQGDPHQWDUHD�WHRUHWLFă�D� LQWHUYHQ܊LLORU��E��FDUDFWH�ULVWLFLOH�IRUPDWRULORU��F��FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH�FRSLLORU��G��SDUWLFXODULWă܊LOH܈�FROLL��6FKRHQZDOG܈�L�+RDJZRRG��������

�� VHF܊LXQHD���D�IRVW�GHGLFDWă��H[SOLFLW��DQDOL]HL�PRGDOLWă܊LORU�SULQ�FDUH��vQ�5RPkQLD��VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��$FHDVWă�VHF܊LXQH�DP�VWUXFWXUDW�R�vQ�GRXă�SăU܊L��3ULPD�SDUWH��OD�UkQGXO�HL��D�IRVW�RUJDQL]DWă� vQ�GRXă�VXEVHF܊LXQL�GLVWLQFWH��6XEVHF܊LXQHD� vQWkL� WUDWHD]ă�DVSHFWH�UHIHULWRDUH�OD�VWDWXWXO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU��IRUPDUHD�VD�LQL܊LDOă��[WH�GH܈L�GDWH�SULYLQG�VWUDWHJLLOH�SULQ�FDUH�VH�XUPăUH܈�L�FRQWLQXă��GDU܈

Page 9: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� OD� FRSLL� �L܈ DGROHVFHQ܊L� RIHULQGX�VH��OD�¿QDO��H[HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL� OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��6XEVHF܊LXQHD�VH�FXQGă�HVWH�PDL�H[WLQVă��HD�¿LQG�GHGLFDWă�SUH]HQWăULL�UH]XOWDWHORU�XQXL�VWXGLX�PL[W��FDOLWDWLY�FDQWLWDWLY��UHDOL]DW�GH�QRL��SULQ�FDUH�DP�XUPăULW�Vă�DQDOL]ăP�PRGXO�vQ�FDUH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�GH]YROWă�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJ�QLWLYH� OD� FRSLL� �L܈ DGROHVFHQ܊L�� ÌQ� DFHVW� VHQV� V�D� DVXPDW� LQYHVWLJDUHD�PDL�PXOWRU� DVSHFWH� UHOHYDQWH� vQ� UDSRUW� FX� VFRSXO�PDMRU� DO� SURLHFWX�OXL�GHUXODW��SHUFHS܊LD�SH�FDUH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�R�DX�FX�SULYLUH�OD�UROXO�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWYH�vQ�YLD܊D�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��SHUFHS܊LD�SH�FDUH�DFH܈WLD�R�DX�GHVSUH�DELOLWă܊LOH܈�L�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�SHUVRQDOH�QHFH�VDUH�DSOLFăULL܈�L�HODERUăULL�XQRU�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH��LGHQWL¿FDUHD�QHYR�LORU�GH�IRUPDUH�LQL܊LDOă܈�L�FRQWLQXă�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��LGHQWL¿FDUHD�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL�DOH�DFHVWRUD�DWXQFL�FkQG�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�SURJUDPH�vQ��L�REVWDFROHOH�FX܈�L܊L�IDFWRULL�IDYRUL]DQ܈�FROLOH�vQ�FDUH�OXFUHD]ă��SUHFXP܈FDUH�VH�FRQIUXQWă� vQ�GHVIă܈XUDUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LL� ORU��$�GRXD�SDUWHD�DFHV�WXL�FDSLWRO��HVWH�GHVWLQDWă�DQDOL]HL�SHUVSHFWLYHL�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�DVXSUD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DFHVWRUD�vQ�FDGUXO� ��FROLL܈ 6�D� XUPăULW�� vQ� SULQFLSDO�� LHUDUKLD� LPSRUWDQ܊HL� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�D܈D�FXP�UH]XOWă�HD�GLQ�SHUFHS܊LD�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��SDUWLFL�SDUHD�DFHVWRUD�OD�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��H¿FLHQ܊D�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�IRUPDWLYH�GLQ�SXQFWXO�GH�YHGHUH�DO�UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU��DELOLWă܊L� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� FRQLGHUDWH� GH� FăWUH� HOHYL� FD� ¿LQG� vPEXQăWă܊LWH�vQ�XUPD�SDUFXUJHULL�SURJUDPHORU�VSHFL¿FH�GH�GH]YROWDUH��$QDOL]D�FR�URERUDWă�D�UH]XOWDWHORU�GLQ�FHOH�GRXă�VWXGLL�D�UHOHYDW�Fă�HOHYLL܈�L�FRQ�VLOLHULL� VXQW�GH�DFRUG�Fă�PRWLYD܊LD��DXWRFRQWUROXO� �L܈ SHUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH�VXQW� LPSRUWDQWH�� UHVSHFWLY� Fă� vQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��DELOLWă܊LOH� FLYLFH��DQWUHSUHQRULDWXO܈�L�UH]LOLHQ܊D�VXQW�PDL�SX܊LQ� LPSRUWDQWH�SHQWUX�UHX܈LWD�DFDGHPLFă܈�L�SHUVRQDOă��ÌQ�]RQHOH�GH�GH]DFRUG��HOHYLL�YDORUL]HD]ă�PDL�PXOW�GHFkW�FRQVLOLHULL�SHUVHYHUHQ܊D܈�L�FUHDWLYLWDWHD��GDU�YDORUL]HD]ă�PDL�SX܊LQ�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH�

�� VHFĠLXQHD���D�IRVW�GHVWLQDWă�XQRU�FRQFOX]LL�¿QDOH��LQWHJUDWLYH�܈�L�XQRU�UHFRPDQGăUL�VSHFL¿FH�SHQWUX�WRDWH�SăU܊LOH�LQWHUHVDWH��$PEHOH�VXQW�IRU�PXODWH� vQ�ED]D��DWkW�D� LQIRUPD܊LLORU�RE܊LQXWH�SULQ�DQDOL]D� OLWHUDWXULL�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�FkW��PDL�FX�VHDPă��D�GDWHORU�H[WUDVH�vQ�XUPD�XQRU�VWXGLL�GHUXODWH�GH�QRL��DSHOkQG�OD�H܈DQWLRDQH�UHSUH]HQWDWLYH�vQ�SODQ�QD܊LRQDO��5HFRPDQGăULOH�VXQW�RUJDQL]DWH�vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�DGUHVDELOLWDWHD�ORU��DGLFă�GH� LQVWLWX܊LLOH��VWUXFWXULOH�FKHLH�FDUH� OH�SRW� vQWkPSLQD�FHO�PDL�H¿FLHQW��GLUHF܊LL� GLQ� LQWHULRUXO�0LQLVWHUXOXL� (GXFD܊LHL�� XQLYHUVLWă܊L� �L܈ LQVWLWX܊LL� GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW�SUHXQLYHUVLWDU�� GLYHUVH�RUJDQL]D܊LL� �L܈ VWUXFWXUL� LPSOLFDWH� vQ�HGXFD܊LD�QRQ�IRUPDOă܈��L��GHVLJXU��81,&()�

Page 10: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

'DWă�¿LQG�UHOHYDQ܊D�ORU��OD�¿QDOXO�DFHVWXL�VXPDU�H[HFXWLY�DP�LQVHUDW��DSHOkQG�WRW�OD�IRUPXOăUL�VLQWHWLFH��FkWHYD�GLQWUH�FHOH�PDL�VHPQL¿FDWLYH�FRQFOX]LL�IRUPX�ODWH�vQ�UDSRUW��VHFRQGDWH�GH�FkWHYD�UHFRPDQGăUL�DGUHVDWH�SăU܊LORU�LQWHUHVDWH�

Concluzii generale

��� ÌQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� LQL܊LDWLYHOH� �L܈ VWUDWHJLLOH� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� PDL� SUHFLV� WD[RQRPLD� SURJUDPHORU� GH� IRUPDUH� D� DFHVWRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H��SXWHP�GLVWLQJH�XUPăWRDUHOH�WUHL�WLSXULGH�SURJUDPH��D��SURJUDPH�LPSOHPHQWDWH� OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO�� UHJLRQDO� VDX� ORFDO� FD�SDUWH�D�VWUDWHJLLORU� �L܈SROLWLFLORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��E��SURJUDPH�GHUXODWH�OD�LQL܊LDWLYD܈�FROLL��F��SURJUDPH�UHDOL]DWH�L]RODW�GH�FăWUH�DQXPLWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH�

���5HIHULWRU�OD�H¿FLHQ܊D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��GDWHOH�FROHFWDWH�GH�QRL�UHOHYă�Fă�

D��SHQWUX� D� JDUDQWD� H¿FLHQ܊D� XQRU� DVHPHQHD� SURJUDPH�� UH]XOWă� QH�HFKLYRF� QHFHVLWDWHD� LPSOLFăULL� D� FkW� PDL� PXO܊L� IDFWRUL� FKHLH��$OWIHO�VSXV��H¿FLHQĠD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWăĠLORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�VSRUH܈WH�VHPQL¿FDWLY�vQ�VLWXD܊LD�vQ�FDUH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�UHX܈HVF�Vă�LPSOLFH�QX�GRDU�HOHYLL��FL܈�L�SăULQĠLL��FHOHODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH܈�L�FKLDU�FRPXQLWDWHD�

E��H¿FLHQĠD� LQWHUYHQ܊LHL� HVWH� LQÀXHQ܊DWă� �L܈ GH� R� VHULH� GH� IDFWRUL�RUJDQL]D܊LRQDOL� FDUH� DF܊LRQHD]ă� vQ� PRG� LQGLUHFW�� 'LQWUH� DFH܈WLD�� R�LPSRUWDQ܊ă�DSDUWH�R�DUH�DWLWXGLQHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��LQFOXVLY�D�FRQ�VLOLHULORU�܈�L�D�FRQGXFHULL�LQVWLWXĠLLORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�

F��vQ� FHHD� FH�SULYH܈WH� SUDFWLFLOH� VLVWHPDWLFH� GLQ�5RPkQLD�� SXWHP� UH�PDUFD� Fă� H[LVWă� GRYH]L� UHVWUkQVH� FX� SULYLUH� OD� H¿FLHQ܊D� DFHVWRUD��H[LVWă�SX܊LQH�LQL܊LDWLYH�FDUH�DX�FRQGXV�OD�SURLHFWDUHD��HODERUDUHD܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPHYDOLGH��FDUH�Vă�SRUQHDVFă�GH�OD�QHYRL�UHDOH�� vQ� SUHDODELO� LGHQWL¿FDWH� SULQ� VWUDWHJLL� VLVWHPDWLFH� �L܈ DYkQG� R�IXQGDPHQWDUH܈�WLLQ܊L¿Fă�VROLGă�

���,HUDUKLD�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�DFRUGDWH�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��FX�H[FHSĠLD�D�WUHL�GLQWUH�DFHVWHD��QH�UHOHYă�GLIHUHQ܊H�VHPQL¿FDWLYH�DWXQFL�FkQG�VXQW�FRPSDUDWH�SHUVSHFWLYHOH�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�FX�FHOH�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��$FRUGXO�ORU�UHLH�VH� vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH� LPSRUWDQ܊D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�GH�DXWRFRQWURO�HPR܊LRQDO��LRQDOH܊L�FHOH�PRWLYD܈�LRQDUH܊L�FRPSRUWDPHQWDO��UHVSHFWLY��FHOH�GH�LQWHUUHOD܈

Page 11: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���'DFă�QH�UHIHULP�OD�SUHFRQGL܊LL�QHFHVDUH�SHQWUX�RSWLPL]DUHD�VWUDWHJLLORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��VXQW�FkWHYD�DVSHFWH�SR]LWLYH�SH�FDUH�OH�DP�LGHQWL¿FDW�

�� DWXQFL�FkQG�DX�IRVW�DSOLFDWH�VLVWHPDWLF��LPSDFWXO�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]�YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� vQ�SULQFLSDO� DO� FHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă��V�D�GRYHGLW�D�¿�XQXO�PDMRU�

�� GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�DO�DQDOL]HL�FRVWXUL�EHQH¿FLL��H[LVWă�VWXGLL�PHWDDQD�OLWLFH�FDUH�DUDWă�Fă�EHQH¿FLLOH�GHSă܈HVF�VHQVLELO�FRVWXULOH�

�� vQ�PDMRULWDWHD܊�ăULORU�FDUH�DX�WUDGL܊LH�vQ�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��DP�UHPDUFDW�Fă�IRUPDUHD�SUHDOD�ELOă�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�VDX�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�FDUH�DSOLFă�DFHVWH�SURJUDPH�D�FRQVWLWXLW�XQ�DVSHFW�IRDUWH�LPSRUWDQW�SHQWUX�UHX܈LWD�SURJUDPXOXL�

���([LVWă܈�L�R�VHULH�GH�QHDMXQVXUL�VDX�OLPLWH�DOH�SUDFWLFLORU�H[LVWHQWH�vQ�GRPH�QLXO�QRVWUX�GH�LQWHUHV��/H�IRUPXOăP��WRW�FRQFOX]LY��DLFL�

�� DWkW�OD�QLYHO�LQWHUQD܊LRQDO��FkW܈�L�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��HYDOXDUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��L܈ D� SURJUDPHORU� GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWăĠLORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� FX�SX܊LQH�H[FHS܊LL��HVWH�vQFă�GH¿FLWDUă�� ÌQ�FHOH�PDL�PXOWH�FD]XUL��HYDOXDUHD�LP�SDFWXOXL�VH�IDFH�SULQ�PHWRGH�HODERUDWH�DG�KRF��IăUă�D�H[LVWD�R�VWUDWHJLH�SUHDODELOă�

�� XQD� GLQWUH� OLPLWHOH�PDMRUH� DOH� DFWLYLWă܊LORU� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�R�UHSUH]LQWă�GXUDWD�UHODWLY�VFXUWă�D�LPSOHPHQWăULL�DFHVWR�UD��ÌQ�SOXV��PDMRULWDWHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�VH�DSOLFă�L]RODW��IăUă�D�H[LVWD�FRQWL�QXLWDWH�VDX�XQ�VFRS�JHQHUDO�ELQH�GH¿QLW�

�� UH]XOWDWHOH�DQDOL]HORU�DVXSUD�SUDFWLFLORU�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�GLQ�5RPkQLD��GDU܈�L�DVXSUD�SHUVSHFWLYHL�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��DX�LOXVWUDW�IDSWXO�Fă�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�VLVWHPXO�QRVWUX�HGXFD܊LRQDO�VXQW�PDUJLQDOH�

Page 12: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

6

5HFRPDQGăUL �DGUHVDWH�DFWRULORU�UHVSRQVDELOL�GH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�DGROHVFHQ܊L�

D��5HFRPDQGăUL�SHQWUX�VWUXFWXUL�DÀDWH�vQ�VXERUGLQHD�GLUHFWă�D�0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH�'LUHF܊LD� GH� )RUPDUH� &RQWLQXă�� ,QVSHFWRUDWH� �FRODUH܇ -XGH܊HQH� �L܈ DO�0XQLFLSLXOXL�%XFXUH܈WL��&DVH�DOH�&RUSXOXL�'LGDFWLF��&-5$(�&0%5$(�

�� )RUPDUHD� FRQWLQXă� D� FRQVLOLHULORU� �FRODUL܈ DU� WUHEXL� Vă� VH� ED]H]H� SH�H[LVWHQ܊D�XQHL�RIHUWH�VLVWHPDWLFH�GH�SURJUDPH�GH�IRUPDUH�

�� ,PSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH��vQ�VLVWHPXO�QRVWUX�HGXFD܊LRQDO�Vă�¿H�ED]DWă�SH�R�VWUDWHJLH�R¿FLDOă�SUHVWDELOLWă�

�� 6ă�H[LVWH�úL�Vă�IXQF܊LRQH]H�H¿FLHQW�R�PRQLWRUL]DUH܈�L�R�HYDOXDUH�VLVWH�PDWLFă�D�IXUQL]RULORU�GH�IRUPDUH��SUHFXP܈�L�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH�LPSOHPHQWDWH�GH�FăWUH�GLYHU܈L�IXUQL]RUL�

�� ,QFOXGHUHD�XQRU�UHIHULUL�H[SOLFLWH�OD�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�PRGDOLWă܊LOH�GH� GH]YROWDUH� D� DFHVWRUD� vQ� GH]EDWHULOH� �L܈ GRFXPHQWHOH� GLQ� FDGUXO�LQL܊LDWLYHL�$GPLQLVWUD܊LHL�3UH]LGHQ܊LDOH��5RPkQLD�(GXFDWă������

�� 3UHOXDUHD�XQRU�PRGHOH�FXUULFXODUH�LQWHUQD܊LRQDOH�FRQVDFUDWH܈�L�DGDSWD�UHD�ORU�OD�VSHFL¿FXO�vQYă܊ăPkQWXOXL�URPkQHVF�

�� &RQFHSHUHD� XQXL� VLVWHP� GH� ¿QDQ܊DUH� �ED]DW� SH� JUDQWXUL�� SHQWUX� D�VXV܊LQH�LPSOHPHQWDUHD܈�L�HYDOXDUHD�LPSDFWXOXL�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YRO�WDUH�D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

�� ,QFOXGHUHD� �L܈ IDFLOLWDUHD� DFFHVXOXL� FRQVLOLHULORU� �FRODUL܈ SH� SODWIRUPHOH�RQOLQH�DOH�vQYă܊ăWRULORU܈�L�SURIHVRULORU�XQGH�SRW�JăVL�FHQWUDOL]DW�LQVWUX�PHQWH܈�L�PDWHULDOH�VSHFL¿FH�

�� 5HDOL]DUHD� XQXL� SDUWHQHULDW� HGXFD܊LRQDO� UHDO� FX� SăULQ܊LL� vQ� FDGUXO�LQL܊LDWLYHORU�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DOH�FRSL�LORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�

�� 5HDOL]DUHD�XQHL�UH܊HOH�IXQF܊LRQDOH�D�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�FDUH�Vă�LQFOX�Gă܈�L�DO܊L�VSHFLDOL܈WL�H[WHUQL� �H[��SVLKRORJL�FX� OLEHUă�SUDFWLFă��DVLVWHQ܊L�VRFLDOL��FRQVLOLHUL�YRFD܊LRQDOL�HWF���GDU܈�L�D�XQRU�VWXGHQ܊L�PDVWHUDQ]L�GLQ�FDGUXO�IDFXOWă܊LORU�GH�SUR¿O�

Page 13: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

7

�� (VWH�QHFHVDUă�R�DERUGDUH�LQWHUVHFWRULDOă�FDUH�Vă�IDFLOLWH]H�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�FD]XO�WLQHULORU܈�L�DO�FRSLLORU�YXOQHUDELOL�

%��5HFRPDQGăUL�DGUHVDWH�LQVWLWX܊LLORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH

8QLYHUVLWă܊L�� $FWXDOL]DUHD� SODQXULORU� GH� vQYă܊ăPkQW� DOH� SURJUDPHORU� DGUHVDWH� IRU�PăULL�LQL܊LDOH�D�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL܈�L�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��$FHVWHD�SRW�LQFOXGH�XQ�QXPăU�VHPQL¿FDWLY�PDL�ULGLFDW�GH�GLVFLSOLQH�FDUH�Vă�DFRSHUH�GRPHQLXO�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

�� /D�QLYHOXO�SURJUDPHORU�PDVWHUDOH�DGUHVDWH�YLLWRULORU�FRQVLOLHUL܈�FRODUL�VH�UHFRPDQGă�R�SRQGHUH�PDL�FUHVFXWă�D�GLVFLSOLQHORU�FDUH�Vă�DLEă�FD�¿QD�OLWDWH�IRUPDUHD�XQRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H�FDUH�Vă�IDFLOLWH]H�LPSOLFDUHD�H¿FLHQWă�D�DEVROYHQ܊LORU�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

�� &RPSHWHQ܊H�VLPLODUH�VXQW�QHFHVDUH�vQ�SODQXULOH�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW�DOH�WXWX�URU�SURJUDPHORU�DFDGHPLFH�FDUH�v܈L�DVXPă�IRUPDUHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�GH�OD�GLIHULWH�VSHFLDOL]ăUL�

,QVWLWX܊LLOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�GLQ�vQYă܊ăPkQWXO�SUHXQLYHUVLWDU�� ,QVWLWX܊LLOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�Vă�HODERUH]H܈�L�Vă�LPSOHPHQWH]H�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWăĠLORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� OD�FRSLL� �L�SH܊L�DGROHVFHQ܈ WRDWă�SHULRDGD�GH܈�FRODUL]DUH�D�DFHVWRUD�

�� 'H]YROWDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH� IRUPDUH�SURIHVLRQDOă�FRQWLQXă�FX�DF�FHQW� DVXSUD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� GHGLFDWH� SHUVRQDOXOXL� GLGDFWLF�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�

�� 5HDOL]DUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�ÀH�[LELOH�FDUH�Vă�SRDWă�¿�SHUPDQHQW�DGDSWDWH�OD�QHYRLOH�JUXSXOXL܊�LQWă��OD�VSHFL¿FXO܈�FROLL܈�L�DO�FRPXQLWă܊LL�

�� 3URLHFWDUHD܈�L� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�HODERUDWH� vQ�ED]D�XQRU�SDUDGLJPH܈�WLLQ܊L¿FH�FRQVDFUDWH�

�� (YDOXDUHD�H¿FLHQ܊HL�SURJUDPHORU�GHUXODWH�Vă�VH�UHDOL]H]H�vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�LQGLFLL�GH�YDOLGLWDWH܈�L�¿GHOLWDWH�DL�DFHVWRUD�

Page 14: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

&��5HFRPDQGăUL�SHQWUX�81,&()�� 81,&()�SRDWH� MXFD�XQ�URO�HVHQ܊LDO� vQ�FDOLWDWH�GH�IDFLOLWDWRU�DO�SURPR�YăULL� XQRU� SURJUDPH�H¿FLHQWH� GH�GH]YROWDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWL�YH��PDL�H[DFW��81,&()�SRDWH�IDFLOLWD܈�L�FRQWULEXL�VXEVWDQ܊LDO�OD�FUHDUHD�XQHL�VWUDWHJLL�QD܊LRQDOH�FRHUHQWH�FDUH�Vă�DVXPH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� �L܈ FDUH� Vă� vQFRUSRUH]H� EXQHOH� SUDFWLFL� LGHQWL¿FDWH� �L܈VXV܊LQXWH�GH�GRYH]L�HPSLULFH�

�� 81,&()�SRDWH�SUHOXD�UROXO�GH�OLGHU�vQ�RUJDQL]DUHD�GH]EDWHULORU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�VWDWXWXO܈�L�UROXO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU܈�L�IDFLOLWDUHD�vPEXQăWă܊LULL�DFHVWXLD�

�� 81,&()�� SULQ� UH܊HDXD�GH�SDUWHQHUL�EHQH¿FLDUL� �L܈ SULQ� DFFHVXO� IDFLO� OD�RSLQLD�SXEOLFă��SRDWH�FRQWULEXL�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD�R�GLVHPLQDUH�ODUJă܈�L�GH�PDUH�LPSDFW�FX�SULYLUH�OD�EXQHOH�SUDFWLFL�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

Page 15: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

9

&RQWH[WXO�LQYHVWLJDWLY&DSDFLWDWHD�GHFLGHQ܊LORU�SROLWLFL܈�L�HFRQRPLFL�GH�D� IDFH� ID܊ă�GLQDPLFLL�DOHU�WH�SH� FDUH�R�JHQHUHD]ă� FHD�GH�D�SDWUD� UHYROX܊LH� LQGXVWULDOă� VWă� vQ�DELOLWD�WHD� ORU� GH� D� GH]YROWD� �L܈ YDORUL¿FD� SRWHQ܊LDOXO� XPDQ�� 6XQW� ELQH� FXQRVFXWH�SDUWLFXODULWă܊LOH� SHULRDGHL� SH� FDUH� R� SDUFXUJHP�� LQFHUWLWXGLQHD� �L܈ YRODWLOLWD�WHD�SLH܊HL�PXQFLL��SUREOHPHOH�OHJDWH�GH�DQJDMDELOLWDWHD�GLPLQXDWă�D�WLQHULORU��LQDGYHUWHQ܊HOH�GLQWUH�RELHFWLYHOH܈�L�¿QDOLWă܊LOH�VLVWHPHORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��SH�GH�R�SDUWH܈��L�FHULQ܊HOH�PHGLXOXL�SURIHVLRQDO��7RDWH�VXUYLQ�SH�IRQGXO�VFKLPEăULORU�WHKQRORJLFH�H[SOR]LYH��ÌQ�DFHVWH�FRQGL܊LL��vQ�FDUH�FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH�SLH܊HL�PXQFLL�VH�VFKLPEă�H[WUHP�GH�UHSHGH��R�VHULH�GH�SURIHVLL�GLVSDU��LDU�DOWHOH�QRL�OH�LDX�ORFXO��$MXVWDUHD�SURPSWă�D�VLVWHPHORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�OD�DFHVWH�VFKLPEăUL�SRD�WH�FRQWULEXL�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD�R�PDL�EXQă�DGDSWDUH�D�JHQHUD܊LLORU�DFWXDOH��GDU��PDL�FX�VHDPă��D�FHORU�FH�XUPHD]ă�OD�WRDWH�DFHVWH�SURYRFăUL��ÌQ�GH¿QLWLY��VLV�WHPHOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�WUHEXLH�Vă�v܈L�RSWLPL]H]H�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�SUHGLFWLYH��PDL�SUHFLV��HOH�WUHEXLH�Vă�SUREH]H�FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURLHFWD܈�L�LPSOHPHQWD�VROX܊LL�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�SOLDWH�SH�QHYRLOH�VRFLHWă܊LL�GH�SHVWH�FkWHYD�GHFHQLL��'RDU�DVWIHO�YRU�SXWHD�DQWLFLSD�DFXUDW܈�L�H¿FLHQW�SUREOHPHOH�FX�FDUH�VH�YRU�FRQIUXQWD�WLQH�ULL�GH�PkLQH��'LJLWDOL]DUHD܈�L�FDSDFLWDWHD�UDSLGă�GH�FRQHFWDUH�OD�QRX�WUHEXLH�FX� QHFHVLWDWH� Vă� ¿H� vQFRUSRUDWH� vQ� SROLWLFLOH� HGXFD܊LRQDOH� GDFă� VH� GRUHVF�HIHFWH� EHQH¿FH� �L܈ UHDOH�� ÌQ� DO� GRLOHD� UkQG�� LQYHVWL܊LLOH� vQ� GH]YROWDUHD� XQRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H�GH�YLD܊ă�WUDQVYHUVDOH�FDUH�Vă�RULHQWH]H܈�L�Vă�VXV܊LQă�WLQHULL�SHQWUX�D�¿�DFWRUL�DFWLYL�vQ�SURFHVXO�UHYROX܊LHL�LQGXVWULDOH܈�L�D�JăVL�RSRUWXQLWă܊L�FUHDWLYH��WH�WUDVHHOH�GH�FDULHUă�LQWHJUDWH��VXQW�PăVXUL�FH܈L�LQRYDWLYH�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈SRW�DGXFH�EHQH¿FLL�UHDOH��([LVWă�R�SUHVLXQH�HYLGHQWă�GH�DGDSWDUH�FDUH�DSDVă�DVXSUD�FHORU�FDUH�DEVROY܈�L�LQWUă�SH�SLD܊D�PXQFLL��PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�DELOLWă܊LOH�GH� vQYă܊DUH� �L܈ DGDSWDUH� OD� QRX�� FHOH� VRFLDOH� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOH�� WUHEXLH� Vă�SUL�PH]H�vQ�SURJUDPHOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��LDU�SUHRFXSDUHD�UHIRUPHORU�GLQ�HGXFD܊LH�WUHEXLH�RULHQWDWă�VSUH�GREkQGLUHD�DFHVWRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H��'LQ�DFHVW�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH��UHGXFHUHD�GLVWDQ܊HL܈�L�D�GLVFUHSDQ܊HORU�GLQWUH�FHULQ܊HOH�PHGLXOXL�GH�DIDFHUL��SLD܊D�PXQFLL�vQ�JHQHUDO��SH�GHRSDUWH܈��L�VLVWHPXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO��SH�GH�DOWă�SDUWH��VH�SRDWH�UHDOL]D�SULQ�FkWHYD�PăVXUL�LQWHJUDWH��curricula�SURLHFWDWă��L�HODERUDWă�SULQ�SDUWLFLSDUHD�PHGLXOXL�GH�DIDFHUL��FX�DFFHQW�SH�GH]YROWDUHD܈GH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�GH�YLD܊ă��SURJUDPH�GH�VWXGLX�DGDSWDWH�FRQWH[WHORU�GH�GH]�YROWDUH� DOH� GLYHUVHORU� VWDWH� DX� UHJLXQL�� ÌQ� DFHVW� VHQV�� 6WUDWHJLD� 1D܊LRQDOă�GH�&HUFHWDUH��'H]YROWDUH� �L܈ ,QRYDUH� �����±������� HODERUDWă� GH�0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH��� VH� IRFDOL]HD]ă�DVXSUD�GRPHQLLORU� GH� VSHFLDOL]DUH� LQ�WHOLJHQWH��FDUH�UHOLHIHD]ă�LPSRUWDQ܊D�DFFHQWXOXL�SH�VSHFL¿FLWDWHD�¿HFăUHL܊�ăUL�VDX�UHJLXQL��ÌQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS��VWXGLHUHD�FRQVWDQWă�D�WHQGLQ܊HORU�GLQ�LQGXVWULH�FX�VFRSXO�GH�D�vPEXQăWă܊L�RIHUWHOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��SRDWH�FRQWULEXL�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�XQRU�VROX܊LL�YLDELOH��� KWWSV���ZZZ�HGX�UR�VLWHV�GHIDXOW�¿OHV�B¿�&����LHUH�0LQLVWHU������VWUDWHJLL�VWUDWHJLD�

FGL�����B�SURLHFW�KJ�SGI

Page 16: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

&RPSHWHQ܊HOH�FKHLH�SH�FDUH�OH�UHFODPă�VXFFHVXO�SURIHVLRQDO܈�L�SHUVRQDO�vQ�VHFROXO�;;,�� LQGLIHUHQW�GH�GRPHQLXO�GH�DFWLYLWDWH��V�D�EXFXUDW܈�L�VH�EXFXUă�vQFă�GH�DWHQ܊LD�PXOWRU�FHUFHWăWRUL�FDUH�OH�VWXGLD]ă�DSHOkQG�OD�GLYHUVH�GHQX�PLUL��H[��DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��FRPSHWHQ܊H�HQJO��soft��FRPSHWHQ܊H�GH�YLD܊ă��FRPSHWHQ܊H�WUDQVYHUVDOH�HWF����ÌQ�FDGUXO�SUH]HQWXOXL�UDSRUW��QRL�DP�RSWDW�SHQ�WUX�WHUPHQXO�GH�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��

$ELOLWăрLOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�UHSUH]LQWă�DFHOH�DWULEXWH�SVLKRORJLFH�SHUVRQD�OH��DWLWXGLQL��HPRрLL��FRPSRUWDPHQWH���GLVWLQFWH�GH�LQWHOLJHQрD�JHQHUDOă�DELOLWăрLOH�FRJQLWLYH��FDUH�V�DX�GRYHGLW�D�¿�SUHGLFWRUL�LPSRUWDQрL�DL�VXF�FHVXOXL� оL� VăQăWăрLL�PHQWDOH� �+HFNPDQ�� ������� 'H� H[HPSOX�� SHUVLVWHQ܊D��D�vQ�FHHD�FH܊LOH�GH�DXWR�UHJODUH���SRW�IDFH�GLIHUHQ܊FDSDFLWă��L�DXWRFRQWUROXO܈SULYH܈WH�VXFFHVXO�vQ�YLD܊ă��SUH]HQ܊D�DFHVWRU�DWULEXWH�IDYRUL]HD]ă�FKLDU܈�L�SHU�VRDQHOH�FX�XQ�QLYHO�GH�LQWHOLJHQ܊ă�JHQHUDOă�VFă]XW��vQ�VFKLPE�DEVHQ܊D�ORU�SRD�WH�GXFH�OD�H܈HF�FKLDU܈�L�vQ�FD]XO�SHUVRDQHORU�FX�XQ�FRH¿FLHQW�GH�LQWHOLJHQ܊ă�VXSHULRU��+HFNPDQ܈�L�5XELQVWHLQ��������6WHLQEHUJ��������9DOLHQWH��6ZDQVRQ��LORU܊L�PDOHDELOLWDWHD�DELOLWă܈�L�(LVHQEHUJ���������9DORDUHD�ORU�SUHGLFWLYă��GDU܈QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��vQ�SHULRDGD�DGROHVFHQ܊HL܈�L�FKLDU�OD�YkUVWD�DGXOWă��+HFNPDQ܈�L�.DXW]��������.DXW]܈�L�FRODE����������IDF�FD�HOH�Vă�UHSUH]LQWH�R�PL]ă�LPSRUWDQ�Wă�D�LQWHUYHQ܊LLORU�GH�RSWLPL]DUH�D�GH]YROWăULL��(OH�UHSUH]LQWă�DELOLWă܊L�FDUH�VH�GH]YROWă�vQ�FRQWH[WH�IRUPDOH��QRQ�IRUPDOH܈�L�LQIRUPDOH܈�L�VH�WUDQVIHUă�XOWHULRU�GLQ�VLWXD܊LLOH�UHVSHFWLYH�vQ�YLD܊D�GH�]L�FX�]L���%R\FH܈�L�FRODE���������&XUU\�DQG�6KHUU\��������

'LQ�DFHDVWă�SHUVSHFWLYă��PHGLXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�FRQVWLWXLH�FRQWH[WXO�FHO�PDL�ID�YRUDELO� GH]YROWăULL� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� ([LVWă� R� UHOD܊LH� SXWHUQLFă� vQWUH�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�SH�FDUH܈�FRDOD�OH�GH]YROWă܈�L�VXFFHVXO�XQHL�QD܊LXQL��6LVWHPHOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�SRW�GRYHGL�FUHGLELOLWDWH܈�L�YLDELOLWDWH�GDFă�UHX܈HVF�Vă�GH]YROWH�DFHOH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�FDUH�GXF� OD� UHGXFHUHD� ULVFXULORU܈�L�D�SURYRFăULORU�FDUDF�WHULVWLFH� VRFLHWă܊LORU� FRQWHPSRUDQH��$܈DGDU�� SULQ� VSHFL¿FXO� VăX�� DFHVW�PH�GLX�UăVSXQGH�SULQFLSLLORU�GLUHFWRDUH�FDUH�SRW�JDUDQWD�VXFFHVXO� LQWHUYHQ܊LLORU�IRFDOL]DWH�SH�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��0DL�PXOW�� VSHFL¿FXO� �L܈ FRPSOH[LWDWHD�LQWHUDF܊LXQLORU�VRFLDOH�GLQ�PHGLXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�SRW�PRGHOD�SXWHUQLF�GH]YROWDUHD�DFHVWRU�DELOLWă܊L��FDUH��GH�DOWIHO��VXQW�LQWHUFRQHFWDWH܈�L�VH�FRQVWUXLHVF�SURJUH�VLY��&XQKD܈�L�+HFNPDQ��������������&XQKD��+HFNPDQ܈�L�6FKHQQDFK���������1HFHVLWDWHD�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ܈�FRDOă�HVWH�VXV܊LQXWă�GH�R�VHULH�GH�UH]XOWDWH�FRQVLVWHQWH�SH�FDUH�OH�UHJăVLP�vQ�OLWHUDWXUD�GH�VSHFLD�OLWDWH�� ÌQ�SOXV�� IRFDOL]DUHD�H[FHVLYă�DVXSUD�DELOLWă܊LORU�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�DFDGHPL�FH�HVWH� vQ� VLQH�SUREOHPDWLFă��GHRDUHFH�PLQLPL]HD]ă�FDSDFLWDWHD�VLVWHPH�ORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�GH�D�FRQVWUXL�DELOLWă܊L�SHUVRQDOH܈�L�GH�VRFLDOL]DUH�vQ�UkQGXO�HOHYLORU��7RXJK���������3H�VFXUW��FRQVLGHUăP�Fă�H[LVWă�VX¿FLHQWH�DUJXPHQWH�FDUH�Vă�VXV܊LQă�QHFHVLWDWHD�UHIRFDOL]ăULL�SUDFWLFLORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�DVXSUD�SUR�JUDPHORU�SULQ�FDUH�IRUPăP܈�L�RSWLPL]ăP�DVHPHQHD�FRPSHWHQ܊H�

Page 17: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ÌQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W��SUREOHPDWLFD�LQYHVWLJăULL�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL�SULYLQG�GH]YROWD�UHD�DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� vQ�PHGLXO� HGXFD܊LRQDO� HVWH� XQD� FDUH�QHFHVLWă�DWHQ܊LD�DWkW�D�FHUFHWăWRULORU��FkW�PDL�DOHV�D�GLYHUVHORU�SăU܊L܈�L�DFWRUL�FX�LQWHUHV�SUDFWLF�vQ�HGXFD܊LH܈�L�GH]YROWDUH�

,DWă��D܈DGDU��PRWLYXO�SULQFLSDO�FDUH�QH�D�GHWHUPLQDW�FD�vQ�VHF܊LXQLOH�DFHVWXL�UD�SRUW�Vă�RIHULP��QX�GRDU�R�GHVFULHUH�D�SUDFWLFLORU�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�SVLKRHGXFD܊LRQDOă�H[LVWHQWH�� FL� �L܈ R� VHULH� GH� UHFRPDQGăUL� SLYLQG� PRGDOLWă܊LOH� FHOH� PDL� H¿FL�HQWH� SULQ� FDUH� VH�SRW� GH]YROWD� DELOLWă܊LOH� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� LQFOXVLY� OD� FRSLLL� �L܈DGROHVFHQ܊LL�YXOQHUDELOL��0DL�SUHFLV��DP�XUPăULW�Vă�H[WUDJHP�R�VHULH�GH�GDWH�UHOHYDQWH��DWkW�GLQ�OLWHUDWXUă�FkW��PDL�DOHV��vQ�XUPD�XQRU�VWXGLL�HPSLULFH�GH�UXODWH�GH�QRL��FDUH�FRURERUDWH�Vă�FRQVWLWXLH�SLORQL� LPSRUWDQ܊L�SHQWUX�GLIHULWH�LQVWLWX܊LL�� VWUXFWXUL܈�L�DFWRUL�FX� UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊L�FODUH� vQ�SURFHVXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO��0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH��0LQLVWHUXO�7LQHUHWXOXL܈�L�6SRUWXOXL��81,&()���L�HWF���$VWIHO��GDWHOH�H[WUDVH�SRW�VHUYL�DFWRULORU�GLQ܊FROL��21*�XUL��8QLYHUVLWă܈GRPHQLX�vQ�YHGHUHD�vPEXQăWă܊LULL�SROLWLFLORU܈�L�VWUDWHJLLORU�FDUH�DVLJXUă�FDGUXO�QHFHVDU�SHQWUX�UHDOL]DUHD�FRQVLOLHULL�SVLKRHGXFD܊LRQDOH��'H�DVHPHQHD��DFHV�WHD�SRW�¿�XWLOH�vQ܊HOHJHULL�IHQRPHQXOXL�GH�FăWUH�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��SăULQ܊L��EH�QH¿FLDUL��FRQWULEXLQG�DVWIHO�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�PHGLXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�vQ�5RPkQLD�

$QJDMDPHQWH� �L܈ LQ܊LDWLYH� SULYLQG� GH]YROWDUHD� �L܈ SURPRYDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�VH�UHJăVHVF�H[SOLFLW܈�L�vQ�DJHQGD�VWUDWHJLFă�D�81,&()�SHQWUX�(XURSD܈�L�$VLD�&HQWUDOă��D܈D�FXP�UHLHVH�GLQ�HQJO��Regional Knowledge and Leadership Agenda 10 (RKLA 10). $LFL�GHPHUVXO�VWUDWHJLF�VH� IRFDOL]HD]ă��QHHFKLYRF��SH�GH]YROWDUHD�RSWLPă�D�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�UHVSHFWkQG�SULQFLSLL�FDUH�UHÀHFWă�0RGHOXO�Ä�&V´�DO�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�UH]LOLHQWH��$FHVW�PRGHO�DFFHQWXHD]ă�LPSRUWDQ܊D�VWDELOLULL�GH�conexiuni vQWUH�DGROHVFHQ܊L܈�L�DGXO܊LL�GH�UHIHULQ܊ă��ED�]DWH�SH�DIHF܊LXQH�QHFRQGL܊LRQDWă܈�L�VXSRUW�SHQWUX�UHDOL]DUHD�FHORU�PDL�vQDOWH�DVSLUD܊LL��LPSRUWDQ܊D�GH]YROWăULL�FRPSHWHQрHL��vQFUHGHULL�vQ�VLQH܈�L�D�caracte-rului DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��VXV܊LQHUHD�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�SHQWUX�D�v܈L�GH]YROWD�VWUDWHJLL�SR]LWLYH�GH�management al stresului ܈L�XQ�VHQWLPHQW�GH�control asupra pro�SULHL�YLH܊L��PDL�DOHV�vQ�FRQGL܊LL�GH�DGYHUVLWDWH��FUHDUHD�GH�RSRUWXQLWă܊L�SHQWUX�FD�DGROHVFHQ܊LL�Vă�contribuie OD�FRQVWUXF܊LD�SURSULHL�YLH܊L��GDU܈�L�OD�EXQăVWDUHD�FRPXQLWă܊LORU� GLQ� FDUH� IDF� SDUWH�� SUHFXP܈�L� OD� EXQăVWDUHD� VRFLHWă܊LL� vQ� DQ�VDPEOXO�VăX�

&X�DOWH�FXYLQWH��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�FRQWULEXLH�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD� FUH܈WHUHD� UH]LOLHQ܊HL� �L܈ D� XQHL� ODUJL� SDOHWH� GH� VWUDWHJLL� DGDSWDWLYH� JUD܊LH�FăURUD�FRSLLL܈�L�WLQHULL�SRW�IDFH�ID܊ă�VFKLPEăULORU�UDSLGH܈�L�QHYRLORU�SH�FDUH�OH�LPSXQH� VRFLHWDWHD� FRQWHPSRUDQă��$ERUGDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� SULQ�SULVPD�PRGHOXOXL� FHORU� �� FRPSHWHQ܊H� UH]LOLHQWH� SRDWH� FRQVWLWXL� FKHLD� VSUH�R� vQ܊HOHJHUH�PDL� EXQă�D�QHYRLORU� GH�GH]YROWDUH�DOH�QRLORU� JHQHUD܊LL��$VWIHO�

Page 18: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

GH�SURJUDPH�VXQW�FHOH�FDUH�SRW�Vă� UHGXFă� LQHJDOLWă܊LOH�GH�JHQ��Vă� vQFXUD�MH]H�SDUWLFLSDUHD�WLQHULORU�OD�OXDUHD�GHFL]LLORU��Vă�SURPRYH]H�XQ�VWLO�GH�YLD܊ă�VăQăWRV��Vă�UHGXFă�QXPăUXO�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�GH�ULVF� vQ�UkQGXO�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�� ,PSOLFLW�� GHUXODUHD� XQRU� DVHPHQHD� SURJUDPH� SRW� FRQWULEXL�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD�UHGXFHUHD�UDWHL�GH�SăUăVLUH�WLPSXULH�D܈�FROLL܈�L�D�DQDOIDEHWLV�PXOXL�IXQF܊LRQDO��2�DQDOL]ă�FRPSOH[ă�GHUXODWă�vQ�FDGUXO�3URLHFWXOXL�QD܊LRQDO�$OHJH܇�FRDOD�D�UHOHYDW�IDSWXO�Fă��FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�FRQVWLWXLH�SUHUHFKL]LWH�HVHQ܊LDOH�SHQWUX�SUHJăWLUHD�DFDGHPLFă܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�LGHQWLWă܊LL�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��DFHVWH�GRXă�FRPSHWHQ܊H��FRUERUDWH��FRQVWLWXLH�IDFWRUL�FKHLH�vQ�SUHYHQLUHD�DEDQGRQXOXL܈�FRODU���2SUH܈�L�FRODE���������%X]JDU܈�L�FRODE��������

ÌQ� IXQF܊LH�GH�VFRSXO܈�L�RELHFWLYHOH�DVXPDWH��DFHVWH�SURJUDPH�YRU�GH]YROWD�FRPSHWHQ܊H� GH��PDQJHPHQW� DO� HPR܊LLORU�� UHOD܊LRQDUH�� HPSDWLH�� vQ܊HOHJHUHD�GLQDPLFLL� GH� JUXS�� FRRSHUDUH�� SURDFWLYLWDWH� FLYLFă�� UH]ROYDUHD� FRQÀLFWHORU��OXDUHD� GHFL]LLORU�� FRPSRUWDPHQW� RULHQWDW� VSUH� VFRS�� GH]YROWDUH� SR]LWLYă� D�LGHQWLWă܊LL��ÀH[LELOLWDWH܈�L�LQRYDUH�HWF�

$FHHD܈L� SUHRFXSDUH� SUHFXP� �L܈ DWHQ܊LRQăUL� SULYLQG� QHFHVLWDWHD� XQRU� VROX܊LL�YLDELOH� vQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� VH� UHJă�VHVF܈�L�vQWU�R�VHULH�GH�GRFXPHQWH�HPLVH�GH�VWUXFWXUL�GH�OD�QLYHO�(XURSHDQ܈�L�VDX�QD܊LRQDO�

�� ÌQWU�R� DQDOL]ă� UHFHQWă� UHDOL]DWă� GH�'HSDUWDPHQWXO� GH�3ROLWLFL� GLQ� FD�GUXO� 3DUODPHQWXOXL� (XURSHDQ�� SXEOLFDWă� vQ� ������ VH� UHFRPDQGă� LP�SOHPHQWDUHD� XQRU� SURJUDPH� GH� FRQVLOLHUH� FX� DFFHQW� SH� GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�GH�YLD܊ă��HOH�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�UH]XOWDWHOH�SR]LWLYH�GRYHGLWH�DOH�XQRU�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH��LPSOHPHQWDWH�DWkW�OD�QLYHO�LQGLYLGXDO��FkW���LRQDOH܊L�SH�FHOH�FDUH�V�DX�IRFDOL]DW�SH�GH]YROWDUHD�VLVWHPHORU�HGXFD܈HFRQRPLFH�VDX�VRFLDOH��

�� &RQIRUP� XQXL� UDSRUW� &('()23� �(XURSHDQ�&HQWUH� IRU�'HYHORSPHQW�RI�9RFDWLRQDO�7UDLQLQJ��HODERUDW�vQ�������VHUYLFLLOH�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�RULHQ�WDWH�VSUH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�YLD܊ă܈�L�FDUH�VXQW�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ�PHGLL�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�VXQW�FHOH�FH�FRQWULEXLH�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�UH]LOLHQ܊HL�HOHYLORU��(OH� VSRUHVF�DELOLWDWHD�GH�D� IDFH� ID܊ă�VLWXD܊LLORU�GH�LQVWDELOLWDWH܈�L�FUHVF�DGDSWDELOLWDWHD��SHUIRUPDQ܊D܈�L�SDUWLFLSDUHD�HOHYL�ORU�OD�SUREOHPHOH�UHDOH�DOH�FRPXQLWă܊LL��6FXUW�VSXV��DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH�SURPRYHD]ă܈�L�VXV܊LQ�WUDQ]L܊LL�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�SR]LWLYH��

�� KWWS���ZZZ�HOJSQ�HX�SXEOLFDWLRQV�EURZVH�E\�ODQJXDJH�HQJOLVK�HOJSQ�WRROV�QR����WKH�HYLGHQFH�EDVH�RQOLIHORQJ�JXLGDQFH��

�� &HGHIRS��KWWS���ZZZ�FHGHIRS�HXURSD�HX�HQ�SXEOLFDWLRQV�DQG�UHVRXUFHV�SXEOLFD�WLRQV�����

Page 19: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�� 5HFRPDQGăULOH� &RQVLOLXOXL� (XURSHL� vQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU� SULQ� SURJUDPH� HGXFD܊LRQDOH�� YRFD܊LRQDOH� �L܈ GH� LQVHU܊LH� SH�SLD܊D�PXQFLL�OD�QLYHO�HXURSHDQ�VXQW�FRQFRUGDQWH�FX�FRQFHSWXDOL]DUHD�SULYLQG�HFKLSDUHD� WLQHULORU�FX�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�FX�QHYRLD�XQRU�VWUDWHJLL�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�LQWHJUDWH܈�L�VLVWHPDWLFH��ÌQFXUDMDUHD�SHQWUX�DVW�IHO�GH�SUDFWLFL�YL]HD]ă�QHFHVLWDWHD�HYDOXăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU܈�L�D�GH]YROWăULL�DFHVWRUD�vQWU�R�PDQLHUă�ÀH[LELOă��GDU�SULQ�SUDFWLFL�YDOLGDWH܈�L�ED]DWH�SH�HYLGHQ܊H��

�� ([LVWă�R�GLVFUHSDQ܊ă�FUHVFXWă�OD�QLYHOXO�VWDWHORU�HXURSHQH�vQWUH�VHUYL�FLLOH�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�RIHULWH܈�L�QHYRLOH�UHDOH�DOH�FHWă܊HQLORU��3ROLWLFLOH�HXUR�SHQH�SULQ�FDUH�V�DX�GH]YROWDW�VLVWHPH�H¿FLHQWH�FDUH�Vă�YLQă�vQ�VSULMLQXO�DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� �H[��&DGUXO�(XURSHDQ�GH�&DOL¿FăUL��6FKHPD�*DUDQ܊LHL�SHQWUX�7LQHUL��UHIRUPD�SULYLQG�HGXFD܊LD�YRFD܊LRQDOă��VXQW�vQFă�LQFRPSOHWH܈�L� LQVX¿FLHQWH�SHQWUX�D�DVLJXUD�H¿FLHQ܊D� OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��3HQWUX�D�UHGXFH�DFHVWH�GLVFUHSDQ܊H��HVWH�QHFHVDUă�R�vQ܊HOHJHUH�VSHFL�¿Fă܈�L�PDL�SURIXQGă�D�IHQRPHQXOXL�D܈D�FXP�VH�PDQLIHVWă�HO�vQ�¿HFDUH�VWDW�DO�8QLXQLL�(XURSHQH��

5HVWUkQJkQGX�QH�LQYHVWLJD܊LD�OD�XQ�QLYHO�PDL�VSHFL¿F܈�L�PDL�UHVWUkQV�GH�DQD�OL]ă��FHQWUDW�SH�FRSLLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LL�GLQ�5RPkQLD��DP�VHVL]DW�Fă�QHFHVLWDWHD�GH]YROWăULL� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� UHLHVH� OLPSHGH� GLQ� UH]XOWDWHOH� �L܈ UHFR�PDQGăULOH�IRUPXODWH�vQ�FDGUXO�XQRU�VWXGLL�UHODWLY�UHFHQWH�

�� 6WXGLXO�81,&()�'H]YROWDUHD�DSWLWXGLQLORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�DGROHVFHQрLL�din România (2016)�D�GHPRQVWUDW�IDSWXO�Fă�H[LVWă�R�QHYRLH�FUHVFXWă�GH�D�GRFXPHQWD܈�L�UHDOL]D�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJ�QLWLYH�vQ�PHGLXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�URPkQHVF��$FHVW�VWXGLX�D�UHOHYDW�IDSWXO�Fă�vQ�PHGLXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�URPkQHVF�H[LVWă�SX܊LQH�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWD�UH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�FDUH�VXQW�vPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ�FDGUH�IRUPDOH��L�VDX�FX�FDUDFWHU�REOLJDWRULX��0DMRULWDWHD�VXQW�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ�UHJLP܈H[WUDFXUULFXODU�� ,QL܊LDWLYHOH� FDUH� H[LVWă� vQ� PHGLXO� QRVWUX� HGXFD܊LRQDO�VXQW��vQ�PDUH�SDUWH��UHDOL]DWH܈�L�GHUXODWH�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHUL܈�FRODUL��vQVă�DFHVWHD�VXQW�LQVX¿FLHQW�VWXGLDWH6��'H�DFHHD��QRL�FRQVLGHUăP�Fă�SURYR�FDUHD�PDMRUă�FRQVWă�vQ�vQ܊HOHJHUHD�SUDFWLFLORU�GHMD�H[LVWHQWH܈�L�vQFRUSR�

�� ��<RXWK�*XDUDQWHH��KWWS���HXUOH[�HXURSD�HX�/H[8UL6HUY�/H[8UL6HUY�GR"XUL 2-�&��������������������(1�3')�$OOLDQFH�$SSUHQWLFHVKLSV

�� 6XVDQQH�.UDDW]��������(XURSHDQ�/LIHORQJ�*XLGDQFH�3ROLFLHV��WKH�1HZ�6NLOOV�$JHQGD�DQG�WKH�UHYLVLRQ�RI�(XURSDVV��6WDWH�RI�SOD\�(1�3ROLF\�'HSDUWPHQW�$��(FRQRP\�DQG�6FLHQWL¿F�3ROLF\�(XURSHDQ�3DUOLDPHQW�KWWS���ZZZ�HXURSDUO�HXURSD�HX�5HJ'DWD�HWXGHV�%5,(�������������,32/B%5,����������������B(1�SGI

�� 0DJGDOHQD�%DOLFD��2DQD�%HQJD��6LPRQD�'DYLG�&ULVEă܈DQX��FRRUG���(XJHQLD�$SRO]DQ��$OH[DQGUD�*ULJRUHVFX����%X]ăX��$OSKD�0'1���������'H]YROWDUHD�DSWLWXGLQLORU�QRQ�FRJQL�WLYH�OD�DGROHVFHQ܊LL�GLQ�5RPkQLD�

Page 20: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

UDWH�vQ�VHUYLFLLOH�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�SVLKRHGXFD܊LRQDOă��GDU܈�L�vQ�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�GL¿FXOWă܊LORU�PDMRUH�FDUH�LQWHUIHUă�FX�GHVLJQXO��LPSOHPHQWDUHD��PRQLWR�UL]DUHD܈�L�HYDOXDUHD�XQRU�DVWIHO�GH�SUDFWLFL�

�� 6WXGLXO� 81,&()� FX� SULYLUH� OD� QRUPHOH� VRFLDOH� OD� DGROHVFHQ܊LL� GLQ�5RPkQLD��81,&()��������D�LQGLFDW�IDSWXO�Fă�SURJUDPHOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�GHGLFDWH�DFHVWHL�JUXSH�GH�YkUVWă�DU�SXWHD�FRQWULEXL�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD�UHGXFHUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�GH�ULVF�7

�� 5DSRDUWHOH�GLQ�XOWLPLL�DQL�DOH�2UJDQL]D܊LHL�0RQGLDOH�D�6ăQăWă܊LL�FX�SUL�YLUH�OD�UH]XOWDWHOH�VWXGLXOXL�+HDOWK�%HKDYLRXU�LQ�6FKRRO�DJHG�&KLOGUHQ��+%6&��vQ�5RPkQLD�DX�DUăWDW�R�SUHYDOHQ܊ă�FUHVFXWă�vQ�UkQGXO�HOHYLORU�GLQ�5RPkQLD�D�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�GH�ULVF�DVRFLDWH�XQHL�GH]YROWăUL�VFă�]XWH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��

'LQFROR� GH� UH]XOWDWHOH� �L܈ UHFRPDQGăULOH� IRUPXODWH� vQ� GRFXPHQWHOH� VXV�PHQ܊LRQDWH�� UHPDUFăP� IDSWXO� Fă� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� HVWH�vQ� DFRUG� FX� SUHYHGHULOH� OHJLVODWLYH� �L܈ SULRULWă܊LOH� LQVWLWX܊LLORU� GH� JXYHUQDUH�GLQ�5RPkQLD�

�� ÌQ�VHQV�ODUJ��LPSRUWDQ܊D�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�HVWH�VXE�OLQLDWă� vQ� /HJHD�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH� SULQ� SHUVSHFWLYD� vQYă܊ăULL� SH� WRW�SDUFXUVXO� YLH܊LL� �L܈ D� VHUYLFLLORU� GH� FRQVLOLHUH� UHJOHPHQWDWH� SULQ� DFHVW�GRFXPHQW�9

�� &RQIRUP�2�0�����������������SHQWUX�DSUREDUHD�5HJXODPHQWXOXL�SUL�YLQG� RUJDQL]DUHD� �L܈ IXQF܊LRQDUHD� FHQWUHORU� MXGH܊HQH�DO� PXQLFLSLXOXL�%XFXUH܈WL� GH� UHVXUVH� �L܈ DVLVWHQ܊ă� HGXFD܊LRQDOă� �&-5$(�&0%5$(��HPLV�GH�0(&76��vQ�VLVWHPXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�GLQ�5RPkQLD�UROXO�SULQFLSDO�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�VLVWHPXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�UHYLQH�FRQVLOLHULORU� ��FRODUL܈ &RQIRUP� GRFXPHQWXOXL� PHQ܊LRQDW�� UROXO� &-5$(�&0%5$(� HVWH� GH� D� RUJDQL]D� DFрLXQL� GH� FXQRDоWHUH� оL� FRQVLOLHUH�3VLKRSHGDJRJLFă�D�SUHоFRODULORU�HOHYLORU��UHDOL]DWH� LQGLYLGXDO�оL�FROHF-WLY��DFрLXQL�FX�SăULQрLL�оL�FX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��SULQ�FRQVXOWDрLL�LQGLYLGXDOH�оL� FROHFWLYH�� SUHFXP� оL� DFрLXQL� GH� FRODERUDUH� FX� FRPXQLWăрLOH� ORFDOH��vQ�VFRSXO�RULHQWăULL� оFRODUH�оL�SURIHVLRQDOH��RULHQWăULL� FDULHUHL�HOHYLORU��

�� )LGHOLH�.DODPED\L��$OH[DQGUX�7RWK��*DEULHO�-GHUX��FRRUG�GLQ�SDUWHD�81,&()�5RPkQLD��5DOXFD�=DKDULD��*LQD�$SRO]DQ���������%X]ăX���$OSKD�0'1�Studiu privind normele so-FLDOH�FDUH�LQÀXHQрHD]ă�FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�GH�ULVF�DOH�DGROHVFHQрLORU�GLQ�5RPkQLD�

�� +HDOWK�%HKDYLRXU�LQ�6FKRRO�DJHG�&KLOGUHQ��+%6&��VWXG\��,QWHUQDWLRQDO�UHSRUW�IURP�WKH�����������VXUYH\��&RSHQKDJHQ��:+2�5HJLRQDO�2I¿FH�IRU�(XURSH��������+HDOWK�3ROLF\�IRU�&KLOGUHQ�DQG�$GROHVFHQWV��1R�����

�� /HJHD�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH���������KWWS���ZZZ�HGX�UR�LQGH[�SKS�OHJDOGRFV������

Page 21: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

DFWLYLWăрL�GH�FRQVLOLHUH� LQGLYLGXDOă�оL�GH�JUXS�D�HOHYLORU�FX�PDQLIHVWăUL�GHYLDQWH��SULQ�LQIRUPDUH��GRFXPHQWDUH��FRQVLOLHUH��DUW�������

�� 3ULQWUH�SULRULWă܊LOH�PDMRUH�DOH�6WUDWHJLHL�1D܊LRQDOH�vQ�GRPHQLXO�3ROLWLFLORU�GH�7LQHUHW������±�������HODERUDWH�GH�0LQLVWHUXO�7LQHUHWXOXL܈�L�6SRUWXOXL��VH�QXPăUă�

�� 'H]YROWDUHD�DFWLYLWăрLORU�FX�WLQHULL��D�PXQFLL�GH�WLQHUHW���D�FRQVLOLHULL܈�L�RSRUWXQLWă܊LORU�GH� vQYă܊DUH�QRQ�IRUPDOă�RULHQWDWH�FăWUH�JUXSXULOH�FX�ULVF�PDUH�GH�SăUăVLUH�WLPSXULH�D܈�FROLL��

�� ([WLQGHUHD� FRQVLOLHULL� �FRODUH܈ �L܈ D� RULHQWăULL� SURIHVLRQDOH�� DWkW� SULQ�FUH܈WHUHD�QXPăUXOXL�GH�FRQVLOLHUL܈�L�GLYHUVL¿FDUHD�UH܊HOHORU�GH�FRQVL�OLHUH��QX�GRDU�vQ�XQLWă܊L�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW��FL܈�L�vQ�FHQWUHOH�GH�WLQHUHW��vQ�FDVHOH�GH�FXOWXUă�DOH�VWXGHQ܊LORU��vQ�FDGUXO�RUJDQL]D܊LLORU�QHJXYHUQD�PHQWDOH�GH�WLQHUHW��vQ�FDGUXO�FHQWUHORU�FRPXQLWDUH�GH�vQYă܊DUH�SHU�PDQHQWă���FkW܈�L�SULQ�FXSULQGHUHD�FkW�PDL�H[WLQVă�vQ�VLVWHPXO�GH�FRQ�VLOLHUH�D�WLQHULORU�FDUH�QX�PDL�IUHFYHQWHD]ă܈�FRDOD��GDU�VH�FRQIUXQWă�FX�GL¿FXOWă܊L�SURIHVLRQDOH܈�L�VRFLDOH��

�� ,PSOHPHQWDUHD�GH�PăVXUL�GH�SUHYHQLUH��LQWHUYHQ܊LH܈�L�FRPSHQVDWRULL�SHQWUX�UHGXFHUHD�SăUăVLULL�WLPSXULL�D܈�FROLL��LQFOXVLY�IRUPH�DOWHUQDWLYH�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW��SUHFXP�HGXFD܊LD܈�L�IRUPDUHD�SHQWUX�DGXO܊L��FX�DFFHQW�DVXSUD�]RQHORU�UXUDOH܈�L�D�WLQHULORU�GH�HWQLH�URPă���

5H]XPkQG��QRL�FRQVLGHUăP�Fă�GDFă�VH�FRURERUHD]ă�SUHYHGHULOH�GLQ�GRFXPHQ�WHOH�VXVPHQ܊LRQDWH�FX�LQIRUPD܊LL�H[WUDVH�GLQ�VWXGLL�QD܊LRQDOH܈�L�LQWHUQD܊LRQDOH�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH��GDU܈�L�FX�FHOH�FH�SURYLQ�GLQ�DQDOL]D�SUDFWLFLORU�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��VH�SRDWH�RIHUL�XQ�VXSRUW�YDOLG܈�L�YDORURV�SHQWUX�

�� FRHUHQWL]DUHD� �L܈ FRRUGRQDUHD� VWUDWHJLLORU� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�FX�SROLWLFLOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH܈�L�PHFDQLVPHOH�GH�LPSOHPHQ�WDUH��HYDOXDUH��PRQLWRUL]DUH��H¿FLHQ܊D�SH�WHUPHQ�OXQJ��

��� 2�0����������RFWRPEULH������SHQWUX�DSUREDUHD�5HJXODPHQWXOXL�SULYLQG�RUJDQL]DUHD��ă܊L�DVLVWHQ܈�WL�GH�UHVXUVH܈HQH�DO�PXQLFLSLXOXL�%XFXUH܊LRQDUHD�FHQWUHORU�MXGH܊L�IXQF܈HGXFD܊LRQDOă�(PLWHQW��PLQLVWHUXO�HGXFD܊LHL��FHUFHWăULL��WLQHUHWXOXL܈�L�6SRUWXOXL�38%/,&$7�Ì1��021,7258/�2),&,$/�15������'LQ����2FWRPEULH�����

��� 6WUDWHJLD�1D܊LRQDOă�SHQWUX�3ROLWLFL�vQ�GRPHQLXO�7LQHUHWXOXL�������������KWWS���ZZZ�XQLFHI�UR�ZS�FRQWHQW�XSORDGV�6WUDWHJLD�1DWLRQDOD�LQ�GRPHQLXO�SROLWLFLL�GH�WLQHUHW�����������SGI

Page 22: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�� JHQHUDUHD� XQXL� PHFDQLVP� LQWHU�LQVWLWX܊LRQDO� GH� FRRUGRQDUH� FDUH� Vă�SHUPLWă�DORFDUHD�H¿FLHQWă�D�UHVXUVHORU܈�L�LQL܊LDWLYHORU�vQ�GLUHF܊LD�GH]YRO�WăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

�� DVLJXUDUHD�XQRU�WUDVHH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�GH�VXFFHV��QHFHVDUH�SHQWUX�VXV�WHQDELOLWDWHD܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�HFRQRPLFă܈�L�VRFLDOă��

�� FUH܈WHUHD�FDSDFLWă܊LL�GH�SDUWLFLSDUH�D�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��UHGXFH�UHD�LQHJDOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH�HWF��

�� SURPRYDUHD�vQ�PHGLXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�D�XQHL�FXOWXUL�D�UH]LOLHQ܊HL�

�� PRGL¿FăUL�FXUULFXODUH�FDUH�SXQ�DFFHQW�SH�QHFHVLWDWHD�LQWHJUăULL�SURJUD�PHORU�FH�GH]YROWă�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�PHGLXO�DFDGHPLF��DOăWXUL�GH�FHOH�VH�FHQWUHD]ă�SH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�FRJQLWLYH�

Page 23: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

&DS����&RQFHSWXDOL]DUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�OLWHUDWXUD�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH

����$ELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��FRQFHSW�XPEUHOă7HUPHQ� FHQWUDO� vQ� DERUGăULOH� FXUHQWH� SULYLQG� GH]YROWDUHD� XPDQă�� DWkW� GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH� WHRUHWLF��FkW܈�L�SUDJPDWLF��VLQWDJPD�DELOLWăрL�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH

UHSUH]LQWă�PDL� GHJUDEă� XQ� FRQFHSW�XPEUHOă�� FDUH� UHXQH܈WH� OD� UkQGXO� VăX�PXOWLSOH�FRQFHSWH�UHODWLY�GLVWLQFWH��3HQWUX�D�FLUFXPVFULH�DFHVW�FRQFHSW�GH�ODU�Jă�H[WHQVLXQH��DGHVHD�QH�VXQW�RIHULWH�GH¿QLрLL�QHJDWLYH��$FHVWHD�VH�D[HD]ă�SH�FHHD�FH�18�UHSUH]LQWă�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��DVWIHO��VH�FRQVLGHUă�Fă�HOH�UHSUH]LQWă�DFHOH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�SHUVRQDOH�FDUH�18�VH�VXSUDSXQ�SHVWH�DELOLWă܊LOH�LQWHOHFWXDOH܈�L�DFDGHPLFH��'XFNZRUWK܈�L�<HDJHU��������0HVVLFN���������SULQ�XUPDUH�18�SRW�¿�PăVXUDWH�SULQ�WHVWH�GH�LQWHOLJHQ܊ă�VDX�SHUIRUPDQ܊ă��%DOLFD��L�DSDUHQW�XWLOH��DVWIHO�GH�DERUGăUL�JHQHULFH�DFFHQWXHD]ă܈L�FRODE����������'H܈GL¿FXOWă܊LOH� GH� DQDOL]ă� DOH� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� vQWUXFkW� HOH� UăPkQ� ÄGH�OD�VLQH�vQ܊HOHVH´��GDU�GL¿FLO�GH�RSHUD܊LRQDOL]DW܈�L��vQ�FRQVHFLQ܊ă��GH�PăVXUDW��'XFNZRUWK܈�L�<HDJHU��������6WHFKHU܈�L�+DPLOWRQ���������

3H� GH� DOWă� SDUWH�� GH¿QL܊LLOH� �L܈ RSHUD܊LRQDOL]ăULOH� ÄSR]LWLYH´� DOH� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DFRSHUă�XQ�VSHFWUX�PXOW�PDL�ODUJ܈�L�DGHVHD�IRDUWH�GLYHUV��FHHD�FH�IDFH�GL¿FLOă�DQDOL]D�FRPSDUDWLYă�D�GLIHULWHORU�FRQFHSWXDOL]ăUL��1XPLWH�DO�WHUQDWLY� DELOLWăрL�FKHLH�� FRPSHWHQрH� GH� YLDрă�� DELOLWăрL� JHQHULFH�� DELOLWăрL� DOH�VHFROXOXL� ���� DELOLWăрL� SVLKRVRFLDOH�� DELOLWăрL� VRFLR�HPRрLRQDOH� �%RUJKDQV� �L܈FRODE��� ������ *XWPDQ� DQG� 6FKRRQ�� ������ DELOLWă܊LOH� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� DX� IRVW�GHVFRPSXVH�vQ�IDFWRUL�SULPL�IRDUWH�GLYHU܈L��'H�H[HPSOX��OLVWD�GH�FRQVWUXFWH�LQYHQWDULDWH�UHFHQW�vQWU�R�FROHF܊LH�GH�VWXGLL�HGLWDWH�GH�/LSQHYLFK��3UHFNHO܈�L�5REHUWV��������DFRSHUă�XUPăWRDUHOH�GLPHQVLXQL��FRQ܈WLLQFLR]LWDWHD��JHVWLR�QDUHD�VWUHVXOXL��FUHDWLYLWDWHD��FXULR]LWDWHD��LQWHOLJHQ܊D�HPR܊LRQDOă��VWDELOLWDWHD�HPR܊LRQDOă��HPSDWLD��H[WUDYHUVLXQHD��SHUVHYHUHQ܊D��DQJDMDUHD�LQWHOHFWXDOă��PRWLYD܊LD� �LQWULQVHFă��� FRPSHWHQ܊H� GH� FRQGXFHUH� �OHDGHUVKLS��� QHYRLD� GH�FXQRD܈WHUH��GHVFKLGHUHD� OD�H[SHULHQ܊ă��SHUIHF܊LRQLVPXO�� UH]LOLHQ܊D��FRQFHS�WXO�GH�VLQH��vQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��DXWRH¿FDFLWDWHD��VWLPD�GH�VLQH��PXQFD�vQ�HFKLSă��PDQDJHPHQWXO�WLPSXOXL��'HPHUVXULOH�GH�JUXSDUH�D�DFHVWRU�FRQFHSWH�DWkW�GH�GLYHUVH�vQ�FkWHYD�FkWHJRULL�HVHQ܊LDOH�VXQW�OD�UkQGXO�ORU�YDULDWH��$VWIHO��3����7KH�3DUWQHUVKLS�IRU���VW�&HQWXU\�6NLOOV��FRQGHQVHD]ă�OLVWD�GH�DELOLWă܊L�vQ�FHL��&��JkQGLUH�FULWLFă��FRPXQLFDUH��FRODERUDUH�оL�FUHDWLYLWDWH��/D�DFHVWHD�VH�DGDXJă�vQ�XOWLPD�YUHPH܈�L�DXWRUHJODUHD��(FKLSH�GH�FHUFHWDUH�DSOLFDWă�GLQ�FD�GUXO�WKH�&ROODERUDWLYH�IRU�$FDGHPLF��6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ��&$6(/��SURSXQH� FLQFL� FOXVWHUL� GH� FRPSHWHQ܊H�� FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD� SURSULHL� SHUVRDQH��PDQDJHPHQWXO�SURSULHL�SHUVRDQH��FRQ܈WLLQ܊D�VRFLDOă��DELOLWă܊L�GH�UHOD܊LRQDUH��OXDUH�GH�GHFL]LL�UHVSRQVDELOH��5DSRUWXO�81,&()��%DOLFD܈�L�FRODE���������VX�

Page 24: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

JHUHD]ă�JUXSDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�SH�WUHL�GLPHQVLXQL��GLPHQVLXQHD�SHUVRQDOă��GLPHQVLXQHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă܈�L�GLPHQVLXQHD�FRPXQLWDUă�

'LQFROR�GH�GLYHUVLWDWHD� WHUPLQRORJLFă��FRQVWUXFWHOH�VXEVXPDWH�DFHVWXL� WHU�PHQ�XPEUHOă� DFRSHUă� DELOLWă܊L� FDUH� VXV܊LQ� efortul voluntar� �DXWRFRQWURO��SHUVLVWHQ܊ă��SHUVHYHUHQ܊ă��PHQWDOLWDWH�GH�GH]YROWDUH܈�L�FUH܈WHUH���VăQăWDWHD�HPRрLRQDOă� оL� VRFLDOă� �HPSDWLH�� LQWHOLJHQ܊ă� HPR܊LRQDOă�� FRODERUDUH�� FRPX�QLFDUH��� UHVSHFWLY� UDрLRQDPHQWXO� оL� OXDUHD� GH� GHFL]LL� RELHFWLYH� оL�VDX� QRQ�FRQYHQрLRQDOH��JkQGLUH�FULWLFă��FXULR]LWDWH��QHYRLD�HSLVWHPLFă�GH�FXQRD܈WHUH��UH]ROYDUH�GH�SUREOHPH��FUHDWLYLWDWH��

7RDWH�DFHVWH�FRQVWUXFWH�VXQW�FLUFXPVFULVH�DFHOXLD܈L�VSD܊LX�FRQFHSWXDO��LQGH�SHQGHQW�GH�DELOLWă܊LOH�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�VHQV�VWULFW��'H�DVHPHQHD��H[LVWă�XQ�DFRUG�XQDQLP�FX�SULYLUH� OD�EHQH¿FLLOH�SH�FDUH�DFHVWH�DELOLWă܊L� OH�DGXF� IXQF܊LRQăULL�LQGLYLGXDOH�VDX�VRFLDOH��ÌQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS��H[LVWă�R�ODUJă�DFFHSWDUH�FRPXQă�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�UHODWLYD�SHUPHDELOLWDWH�OD�FRQWH[W܈�L�PDOHDELOLWDWH�D�DFHVWRU�DELOLWă܊L��GH�XQGH܈�L�QXPHOH�GH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�GH�YLD܊ă��FDUH�HVWH�XWLOL]DW�DOWHUQD�WLY���HYLGHQWă�DWkW�OD�QLYHO�micro ±�ÀXFWXD܊LL�GHSHQGHQWH�GH�IDFWRUL�VLWXD܊LRQDOL��GH�H[HPSOX��DXWRUHJODUHD�HVWH�PDL�VODEă�FkQG�SHUVRDQHOH�VXQW�PDUFDWH�GH�XQ�VWHUHRWLS�QHJDWLY�±�,Q]OLFKW܈�L�.DQJ��������SHUVHYHUHQ܊D�vQ�VDUFLQL�ÄSOLFWL�VLWRDUH´�GH�vQYă܊DUH�FUH܈WH�DWXQFL�FkQG�SHUVRDQHORU�OL�VH�FHUH�Vă�UHÀHFWH]H�DVXSUD�VHQVXOXL� YLH܊LL� ±�<HDJHU� �L܈ FRODE��� ������� FkW� �L�macro܈ ±� VFKLPEăUL�GDWRUDWH� HYHQLPHQWHORU� GH� YLD܊ă�� VFKLPEăUL� OD� QLYHOXO� UROXULORU� VRFLDOH� VDX�PRGL¿FăUL� FD� XUPDUH� D� XQRU� LQWHUYHQ܊LL� �LQWLWH܊ GH� RSWLPL]DUH� �'XFNZRUWK� �L܈<HDJHU��������

����$ELOLWă܊L�FRJQLWLYH�YV��DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH'LQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�teoretic�� vQ�HVHQ܊D�VD��GLVWLQF܊LD�FRJQLWLY�QRQ�FRJQLWLY�HVWH�SUREOHPDWLFă��vQWUXFkW�RULFH�SUHOXFUDUH�GH�LQIRUPD܊LH�HVWH�vQ�IDSW�XQ�SUR�ces cognitiv��1X�H[LVWă�DF܊LXQL�DOH�PLQ܊LL�XPDQH�OLSVLWH�GH�FRJQL܊LH��ÌQ�SOXV��LQ�GLIHUHQW�GDFă�RSHUăP�FX�FRQ܊LQXWXUL�DEVWUDFWH�±�ÄUHFL´�VDX�VRFLDOH�±�Ä¿HUELQ܊L´��SURFHVHOH�FRJQLWLYH�GH�ED]ă��SHUFHS܊LH��DWHQ܊LH��PHPRULH��OLPEDM��VXQW�LQHYL�WDELO�LPSOLFDWH��&KLDU�GDFă�D�UH]ROYD�R�SUREOHPă�GH�JHRPHWULH�vQ�VSD܊LX�HVWH�R� VDUFLQă� GLIHULWă� GH� FHD� FDUH� SUHVXSXQH� D� UH]ROYD� R� VLWXD܊LH� FRQÀLFWXDOă�FX�XQ�FROHJ��HWLFKHWDUHD�SULPHL�SUREOHPH�GUHSW� ÄFRJQLWLYă´� �L܈ D� FHOHL� GH�D�GRXD�GUHSW� ÄQRQ�FRJQLWLYă´�HVWH� vQ�XOWLPă� LQVWDQ܊ă�JUH܈LWă� �YH]L܈�L�%DOLFD܈�L�FRODE��������'XFNZRUWK܈�L�<HDJHU��������6LOHU��������SHQWUX�SXQFWH�GH�YHGH�UH�VLPLODUH��

/D�IHO�GH�SUREOHPDWLFă�HVWH܈�L�FODUL¿FDUHD�UHOD܊LHL�GLQWUH�DELOLWă܊LOH�FRJQLWLYH��L�%UHQQHPDQ܈�L�FHOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��6WXGLL�SUHFXP�FHOH�UHDOL]DWH�GH�%XUUXV܈

Page 25: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�������� UHVSHFWLY� .\OORQHQ�� /LSQHYLFK�� %XUUXV� �L܈ 5REHUWV� ������� VXV܊LQ� Fă�DELOLWă܊L� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� SUHFXP� HWLFD� PXQFLL�� FUHDWLYLWDWHD�� PXQFD� vQ� HFKL-Să�� OLGHUVKLS�XO�� LQWHOLJHQрD� HPRрLRQDOă�FRUHOHD]ă� SX܊LQ� VDX� FKLDU� GHORF� FX�DELOLWă܊LOH�FRJQLWLYH��vQ�SDUWLFXODU�FX� LQWHOLJHQрD�ÀXLGă��UH]ROYDUHD�GH�SUREOH�PH� vQ�VLWXD܊LL�QRL��VDX�FX�FHD�FULVWDOL]DWă� �FXQR܈WLQ܊H�VSHFL¿FH�XQXL�GRPH�QLX��GREkQGLWH�SULQ�HGXFD܊LH�IRUPDOă܈�L�H[SHULHQ܊ă���3H�GH�DOWă�SDUWH��*DUFtD�������� ������ DFFHQWXHD]ă� LGHHD� Fă� DELOLWă܊LOH� FRJQLWLYH� �L܈ FHOH� QRQ�FRJQL�WLYH�VXQW� LQWHUGHSHQGHQWH܈�L�QX�SRW�¿� L]RODWH�XQHOH�GH�DOWHOH��DUJXPHQWH�vQ�DFHVW�VHQV�VXQW�RIHULWH�GH�DXWRDUH�SH�ED]D�DQDOL]HL�GDWHORU�GLQ�VWXGLXO�Early &KLOGKRRG�/RQJLWXGLQDO�6WXG\��.LQGHUJDUWHQ�&ODVV� RI� ����±������$FHVWHD�DUDWă�Fă�DELOLWă܊LOH�FRJQLWLYH�SUH]LF�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��PDL�DOHV�OD�YkUVWD����LQ�vQ�JLPQD]LX܊L�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�SX܈��FRODUă�PLFă܈ LDU�FHOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OH�SUH]LF�SH�FHOH�FRJQLWLYH��GXSă�XQ�WLSDU�WHPSRUDO�LQYHUV�±�PDL�SX܊LQ�vQ�FOD�VHOH�SULPDUH��GDU�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�SURQXQ܊DW�OD�YkUVWD܈�FRODUă�GH�PLMORF��vQ�FODVHOH�JLPQD]LDOH���(YLGHQW��DVWIHO�GH�UHOD܊LL�VXQW�GHSHQGHQWH�GH�DELOLWă܊LOH�VXEVXPDWH�WHUPHQXOXL�FRJQLWLY��UHVSHFWLY�non-cognitiv. 'LQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�vQVă��DVXPDUHD�LQWHUGHSHQGHQ܊HL�HVWH�HVHQ܊LDOă��vQ�WUXFkW�DVXPă�IDSWXO�Fă�SULQ�RSHUDUHD�XQHL�PRGL¿FăUL�OD�XQ�QLYHO��GH�H[HPSOX�cel non-cognitiv ±� vQYă܊DUH�DXWRUHJODWă��VH�SRDWH�RE܊LQH�XQ� LPSDFW�DVXSUD�XQXL�DOW�QLYHO��cognitiv ±�SHUIRUPDQ܊D�OD�PDWHPDWLFă��

'LQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�pragmatic vQVă��GLVWLQFрLD�FRJQLWLY�QRQ�FRJQLWLY�DUH�YDORDUH�DGăXJDWă�FHUWă��ÌQ�IDSW��HD�UHSUH]LQWă�D[D�SULQFLSDOă�D�GLVFXUVXOXL�UHIRUPDWRU�vQ�vQYă܊ăPkQW��FHQWUDW�SH�YDORUL¿FDUHD�SRWHQ܊LDOXOXL�FRSLOXOXL�FD�vQ�WUHJ܈�L�SH�OXDUHD�vQ�FRQVLGHUDUH܈�L�D�DQXPLWRU�SUHGLFWRUL�DL�VXFFHVXOXL��GLQFROR�GH�FHL�WUDGL܊LRQDOL��)DUULQJWRQ܈�L�FRODE���������6LOHU���������0HWDIRULF�YRUELQG��XQ�PRGHO�GH�WLSXO�ÄZKROH�PLQG�HGXFDWLRQ´��0DQL܈�L�FRODE����������R�HGXFD܊LH�FDUH�DVXPă�H[SOLFLW�IDSWXO�Fă�GH]YROWDUHD�HVWH�LQFRPSOHW�vQ܊HOHDVă�FkW�WLPS�VH�UH]XPă�OD�GLPHQVLXQHD�FRJQLWLYă܈�L�DUWLFXOHD]ă�vQ�VFKLPE�R�YL]LXQH�vQ�FDUH��GH�SLOGă��HPR܊LLOH܈�L�UHOD܊LLOH�VRFLDOH�VXQW�HVHQ܊LDOH��GXSă�FXP�VXV܊LQ�DERUGă�ULOH�GH� WLS�6(/��VRFLDO�DQG�HPRWLRQDO� OHDUQLQJ ÌQYă܊DUH�6RFLR�(PR܊LRQDOă���HVWH�PXOW�PDL�DSURDSH�GH܈�FRDOD�VHFROXOXL�����/LSQHYLFK��3UHFNHO܈�L�5REHUWV���������$FHVW�GH]LGHUDW�HVWH�FX�DWkW�PDL�LPSRUWDQW��FX�FkW��FKLDU܈�L�vQ�VLVWH�PH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�FDUH�SDU�Vă�¿�FRQ܈WLHQWL]DW�DFHDVWă�QHYRLH�FX�PXOW�WLPS�vQ�XUPă��VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�D�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�UăPkQH�vQFă�ÄPDL�GHJUDEă�XQ�DFFLGHQW�IHULFLW�GHFkW�R�YDORDUH�FKHLH´��QH¿LQG�XQ�VFRS�vQ�VLQH�DO�FXUULFX�OXPXOXL��FL�GRDU�R�FRPSRQHQWă�VXERUGRQWă�D�DFHVWXLD��YH]L�&RPPRQ�&RUH�6WDWH�6WDQGDUGV�,QLWLDWLYH�������±�FDUH��SHQWUX�PDMRULWDWHD�FRSLLORU�GLQ�68$��VWDELOH܈WH�FRQ܊LQXWXULOH܈�L�DELOLWă܊LOH�FDUH�VXQW�YL]DWH�SH�SDUFXUVXO܈�FRODULWă܊LL���

'LQ�DFHHD܈L�SHUVSHFWLYă�SUDJPDWLFă��SULPDWXO�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�SRDWH�¿�UHJăVLW�vQ�GLVFXUVXO�DQJDMDWRULORU��&DVQHU�/RWWR܈�L�%DUULQJWRQ���������FDUH�FRQVLGHUă�FDUDFWHULVWLFL�SUHFXP�FUHDWLYLWDWHD��PXQFD�vQ�HFKLSă��OHDGHUVKLS�XO��

Page 26: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�vQYă܊D�SH�WRW�SDUFXUVXO�YLH܊LL��HWLFD�PXQFLL�GUHSW�HVHQ܊LDOH�SHQWUX� VXFFHVXO� SURIHVLRQDO�� DELOLWă܊LOH� FRJQLWLYH� ¿LQG� FODVDWH�DELD�SH� ORFXO�VHFXQG��'LQ�SăFDWH��VH�FRQVWDWă�Fă�WRFPDL�DFHVWH�DELOLWă܊L�FKHLH�VXQW�DGHVHD�DEVHQWH�VDX�VODE�GH]YROWDWH� OD�SHUVRDQHOH�SURDVSăW�DQJDMDWH��FHHD�FH�UH�ÀHFWă�WRFPDL�ODFXQHOH�GLQ�IRUPDUHD�ORU�vQ�FRSLOăULH܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊ă�

����$ELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH'LQWUH� YDULDELOHOH� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� SUH]HQWDWH� DQWHULRU�� FRPSHWHQ܊D�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă�VH�GHVSULQGH�FD�¿LQG�XQ�FRQVWUXFW�PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDO�FDUH�HVWH�FULWLF�SHQWUX�VXFFHVXO�vQ܈�FRDOă܈�L�vQ�YLD܊ă�DO�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��LPSRUWDQ܊D�HL�HVWH�UHOLHIDWă�LQFOXVLY�vQ�FD]XO�FHORU�FDUH�VXQW�VXSX܈L�XQXL�ULVF�FUHVFXW� GDWRULWă� VWDWXWXOXL� VRFLR�HFRQRPLF� GH]DYDQWDMRV�� VWDWXWXOXL� PLQR�ULWDU� VDX� SUREOHPHORU� WLPSXULL� GH� QDWXUă� HPR܊LRQDOă� VDX� FRPSRUWDPHQWDOă��'RPLWURYLFK��'XUODN��6WDOH\܈�L�:HLVVEHUJ���������3URFHVXO�SULQ�FDUH�VH�GR�EkQGHVF�DFHVWH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�HVWH�FHO�GH�vQYă܊DUH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă��6(/�±�VRFLDO�DQG�HPRWLRQDO� OHDUQLQJ�� �:HLVVEHUJ��'XUODN��'RPLWURYLFK܈�L�*XOORWD���LH܊L�DFHVW�SURFHV�HVWH�QXFOHXO�WDUH�DO�SURJUDPHORU�GH�LQWHUYHQ܈�������

0DUHD� PL]ă� D� LQWHUYHQ܊LLORU� IRFDOL]DWH� SH� RSWLPL]DUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�R� UHSUH]LQWă� IDSWXO�Fă�DFHVWHD�QX�GRDU�SUH]LF�VXFFHVXO�DFDGH�PLF܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�SURIHVLRQDOă�D�YLLWRULORU�DGXO܊L��FL܈�L�FRQWULEXLH�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�SHUVRQDOă��DVLJXUă�FRQGL܊LL�SHQWUX�FD�SHU�VRDQHOH� Vă� GHYLQă� FHWă܊HQL�PDL� EXQL�� �L܈ UHGXF� FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH� ULVFDQWH��GH�OD�YLROHQ܊ă�OD�DEX]�GH�VXEVWDQ܊H��'XUODN��:HLVVEHUJ�DQG�3DFKDQ��������&ROODERUDWLYH�IRU�$FDGHPLF��6RFLDO��DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ��������'XUODN܈�L�FRODE���������

'H܈L�OD�UkQGXO�ORU�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�DX�IRVW�XWLOL]DWH�FD�WHUPHQ�XP�EUHOă��LQFOX]kQG�R� ODUJă�SDOHWă�GH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�GH� OD� UHJODUH�HPR܊LRQDOă� OD�DELOLWă܊L�SURVRFLDOH܈�L�SUREOHPH�GH�DJUHVLYLWDWH���HOH�DX�PHULWXO�GH�D�¿�IRVW�PXOW�PDL�H¿FLHQW�RSHUD܊LRQDOL]DWH܈�L�PăVXUDWH��GH�XQGH�H[LVWHQ܊D�XQRU�VWXGLL�YDOL�GDWH܈�WLLQ܊L¿F�FDUH�SUREHD]ă�H¿FLHQ܊D�DFHVWXL�WLS�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH��2�SURSXQHUH�IRDUWH�UHFHQWă�D�XQXL�JUXS�GH�OD�+DUYDUG�*UDGXDWH�6FKRRO�RI�(GXFDWLRQ��FX�VSULMLQXO�IXQGD܊LHL�:DOODFH��-RQHV܈�L�FRODE���������RIHUă�R�JUXSDUH�D����DELOLWă܊L�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH� vQ� �� PDUL� GRPHQLL�� UHJODUH� FRJQLWLYă� �FRQWURO� DWHQ܊LRQDO��FRQWURO�LQKLELWRU��PHPRULH�GH�OXFUX�SODQL¿FDUH��ÀH[LELOLWDWH�FRJQLWLYă���SURFH-VH�HPRрLRQDOH� �FXQRD܈WHUH܈�L�H[SULPDUH�HPR܊LRQDOă�� UHJODUH�HPR܊LRQDOă܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOă��HPSDWLH�SUHOXDUHD�SHUVSHFWLYHL�FHOXLODOW���DELOLWăрL�VRFLDOH�interpersonale �vQ܊HOHJHUHD�LQGLFLLORU�VWLPXOLORU�GH�QDWXUă�VRFLDOă��UH]ROYDUHD�FRQÀLFWHORU�� FRPSRUWDPHQW� SURVRFLDO���'XSă� FXP� VH� SRDWH� REVHUYD�� DFHVW�GHPHUV� IRDUWH� UHFHQW� UHFXQRD܈WH� H[SOLFLW� IDSWXO� Fă� GLPHQVLXQHD� FRJQLWLYă�

Page 27: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�vQ܊HOHDVă� vQ� WHUPHQL�GH�PHFDQLVPH�ED]DOH�GH�SURFHVDUH�D� LQIRUPD܊LHL�� �L܈GLPHQVLXQHD�QRQ�FRJQLWLYă�vQ�PRG�QHFHVDU�FR�H[LVWă܈�L�FRQWULEXLH�vPSUHXQă�OD�IXQF܊LRQDUHD�RSWLPă܈�L�VXFFHVXO�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�

Page 28: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

&DS����$ELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�GH]YROWăULL

����7UDVHXO�GH�GH]YROWDUH�RSWLPă�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYHÌQFă�GH� OD�QD܈WHUH��¿LQ܊D�XPDQă�HVWH�FDSDELOă�Vă�VH�RULHQWH]H�SUHIHUHQ܊LDO�FăWUH� DOWH� SHUVRDQH�� Vă� LQWUH� vQ� UHOD܊LH� FX� DFHVWHD� �GH]YROWkQG� SURJUHVLY�DWD܈DPHQWXO�SHQWUX�SHUVRDQHOH�GH�UHIHULQ܊ă�܈�L�Vă�v܈L�FRPXQLFH��FKLDU�GDFă�vQWU�R�IRUPă�SULPLWLYă��HPR܊LLOH��'H�DVHPHQHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�UHFXQRD܈WH�HPR܊LLOH�FHORUODO܊L��SUHFXP܈�L�FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DXWRUHJODUH��SULQ�VWUDWHJLL�¿]LFH�GH�DXWROLQL܈WLUH�VDX�GH�GLVWUDJHUH�DWHQ܊LRQDOă��DX�R�HPHUJHQ܊ă�SUHFRFH�vQ�SUL�PXO�DQ�GH�YLD܊ă��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD��DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��vQ�SDUWLFXODU�FHOH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�SDUFXUJ�XQ�OXQJ�WUDVHX�GH�GH]YROWDUH��FDUH�VH�vQWLQGH�GLQ�FROR�GH�DFHDVWă�YkUVWă�WLPSXULH��SkQă�GXSă�DGROHVFHQ܊ă��%RUJKDQV܈�L�FRODE���������+HFNPDQ܈�L�.DXW]���������ÌQ�IDSW��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�VH�SURGXFH� WUHSWDW��ED]DQGX�VH�SH�SUHUHFKL]LWHOH�VWDGLLORU�GH]YROWăULL� RQWR�JHQHWLFH܈�L��WRWRGDWă��VXE�LQÀXHQ܊D�IDFWRULORU�GH�PHGLX��&XQKD܈�L�+HFNPDQ���������ÌQWUXFkW�UDSRUWXO�SUH]HQW�VH�IRFDOL]HD]ă�SH�VWLPXODUHD܈�L�RSWLPL]DUHD�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�FRQWH[WH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��HWDSHOH�GHWDOLD�WH�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�YRU�¿�FHOH�XOWHULRDUH�SULPLORU�WUHL�DQL�GH�YLD܊ă�

(WDSD�SUH܈FRODUă�VH�FDUDFWHUL]HD]ă�SULQWU�R�VHULH�GH�DFKL]L܊LL�LPSRUWDQWH�vQ�VIHUD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

�� $SDU� SURJUHVH� VHPQL¿FDWLYH� vQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� capacitatea de au-WRUHJODUH�оL�DXWRFRQWURO��$XWRFRQWUROXO�VH�UHIHUă�OD�FDSDFLWDWHD�FRSLOX�OXL�GH�D܈�L�FRQWUROD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXO�SHQWUX�D�DWLQJH�XQ�DQXPLW�VFRS��3UH܈FRODULL�SRW�Vă�v܈L� LQKLEH�DF܊LXQLOH�PXOW�PDL�H¿FLHQW��SRW�Vă�DFFHS�WH� DPkQDUHD� UHFRPSHQVHORU� �L܈ Vă� WROHUH]H�PXOW�PDL� ELQH� IUXVWUăULOH��6XQW�FDSDELOL�Vă�LQWHULRUL]H]H�UHJXOLOH܈�L�Vă�VH�VXSXQă�DFHVWRUD��FKLDU܈�L�DWXQFL�FkQG�DGXO܊LL�QX�VXQW�GH�ID܊ă��ÌQ܊HOHJ�Fă�DF܊LXQLOH�vQ�FRPXQ�SUHVX�SXQ�DGHVHD�DOWHUQDUHD�UkQGXOXL�VDX�vPSăU܊LUHD�UHVXUVHORU��GH�H[HPSOX��XWLOL]DUHD�vQ�FRPXQ�D�MXFăULLORU���LDU�DFHVW�IDSW�FRQWULEXLH�OD�RSWLPL]DUHD�LQWHUDF܊LXQLORU�FX�FRYkUVWQLFLL��'H�DVHPHQHD��WRW� LQ�DFHDVWă�SHULRDGă��UHX܈HVF�Vă�v܈L�DXWRPRQLWRUL]H]H�FRPSRUWDPHQWXO�vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�FRQWH[W��'DFă�vQ�MXUXO�YkUVWHL�GH�WUHL�DQL��GH�H[HPSOX��FRSLLL�SUH]LQWă�GL¿FXOWă܊L�vQ�UHJODUHD�HPR܊LLORU��FRQWUROXO� LPSXOVXULORU��PHQ܊LQHUHD�DWHQ܊LHL�� UHVSHF�WDUHD�UXWLQHORU��%HUKHQNH��������OD�VIkU܈LWXO�SUH܈FRODULWă܊LL�VH�FRQVWDWă�Fă�PDMRULWDWHD� FRSLLORU� VXQW� DWHQ܊L� vQ� WLPSXO� DFWLYLWă܊LORU� GLQ� JUăGLQL܊ă��UHVSHFWă� LQVWUXF܊LXQLOH� SULPLWH� �GH�H[�� vQ� UH]ROYDUHD�XQRU� VDUFLQL��� v܈L�SRW� LQKLED� UHDF܊LLOH� QHSRWULYLWH� SHQWUX� D� VSULMLQL� DWLQJHUHD�RELHFWLYHORU�

Page 29: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

DFWLYLWă܊LL� �0F&OHOODQG� �L܈ FRODE��� ������� 'H܈L� HVWH� R� DELOLWDWH� FDUH� VH�GH]YROWă�SH�PăVXUă�FH�FRSLOXO�FUH܈WH��%ORFN܈�L�%ORFN��������5DIIDHOOL��&URFNHWW� �L܈ 6KHQ�� ������ 9D]VRQ\L� �L܈ +XDQJ�� ������ GDWRULWă� OHJăWXULL�GLQWUH�DXWRFRQWURO܈�L�PRWLYD܊LH��3LQWULFK��������=LPPHUPDQ܈�L�6FKXQN��������HVWH�IRDUWH�LPSRUWDQW�FD�vQ�DQLL�SHWUHFX܊L�vQ�JUăGLQL܊ă܈�L܈�FRDOD�SUL�PDUă�Vă�VH�DFRUGH�R�DWHQ܊LH�GHRVHELWă�GH]YROWăULL�DFHVWRU�DELOLWă܊L��HOH�¿LQG�SUHGLFWRUL� SHQWUX�SHUIRUPDQ܊D�DFDGHPLFă�� VRFLDOă� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOă��0RI¿WW܈�L�FRODE���������%URXVVDUG܈�L�*DUULVRQ��������0RI¿WW܈�L�FRODE���������3LQWULFK܈�L�'H�*URRW���������

�� &RPSHWHQрHOH�VRFLR�HPRрLRQDOH�VH�UHIHUă�OD�FDSDFLWDWHD�FRSLOXOXL�GH�D�IRUPDUD�UHOD܊LL�DSURSLDWH܈�L�VLJXUH�FX�DGXO܊L܈�L�FROHJL��GH�D�H[SHULPHQWD��UHJOD܈�L�H[SULPD�HPR܊LLOH�vQ�PRG�DGHFYDW�GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�VRFLDO܈�L�FXOWXUDO�vQ�GLIHULWH�FRQWH[WH��<DWHV܈�L�FRODE���������

�� ÌQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� VSHFL¿F� FRPSHWHQрD� HPRрLRQDOă�� OD� YkUVWD�SUH܈FRODUă� HVWH� HYLGHQWă� FDSDFLWDWHD� GH� UHFXQRD܈WHUH� D� HPR܊LLORU�SULPDUH��GH�H[���EXFXULH��IULFă��IXULH��WULVWH܊H���GDU܈�L�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�D�DFHVWRUD��$PSOL¿FDUHD�GRULQ܊HL�GH�vPSăUWă܈LUH�D�HPR܊LLORU�DSDUH�vQ�SDUDOHO�FX�GH]YROWDUHD�OLPEDMXOXL܈�L�YL]HD]ă�vQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS܈�L�HPR܊LLOH�VHFXQGDUH� �FDUH� SUHVXSXQ� FRQ܈WLLQ܊D� GH� VLQH��� SUHFXP� HPSDWLD��UX܈LQHD��YLQRYă܊LD��JHOR]LD��PkQGULD��WLPLGLWDWHD��GLVSUH܊XO��6WUDWHJLLOH�GH�PDQDJHUL]DUH�D�HPR܊LLORU�DOH�FRSLLORU�WLPL]L܈�L�LQWURYHU܊L�VXQW�DGH�VHD�IRFDOL]DWH�SH�HYLWDUH܈�L�SUHOXFUDUHD�H[FHVLYă�D�SUREOHPHORU�� vQ�WLPS�FH�FRSLLL�H[WURYHU܊L�DX�XQ�VWLO�FRQVWUXFWLY�GH�IRFDOL]DUH�SH�VROX܊LH��/D�VIkU܈LWXO�SUH܈FRODULWă܊LL��XQ�FRSLO�FX�DELOLWă܊L�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�EXQH�HVWH�FDSDELO��GH�H[HPSOX��Vă�vQ܊HOHDJă܈�L�Vă�UăVSXQGă�FRUHV�SXQ]ăWRU�OD�HPR܊LLOH�SULHWHQLORU��Vă�v܈L�D܈WHSWH�UkQGXO�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊L܈�L�vQ�FRQYHUVD܊LL��Vă�v܈L�FRQWUROH]H�DGDSWH]H�HPR܊LLOH�vQ�GLIHULWH�FRQWH[WH��Vă�XUPH]H�VLQJXU�DQXPLWH�UXWLQH��Vă�UHVSHFWH�UHJXOLOH��Vă�H[SULPH�HPSDWLH��'DUOLQJ�&KXUFKLOO܈�L�/LSSPDQ��������3DKO܈�L�%DUUHWW��������

�� 'DFă�QH�UHIHULP�OD�DELOLWăрLOH�VRFLDOH��LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��VH�FRQVWDWă�Fă�OD�PDMRULWDWHD�FRSLLORU�GH�DFHDVWă�YkUVWă�VH�PDQLIHVWă�R�VRFLDELOLWDWH�FUHVFXWă��(D�HVWH�HYLGHQWă�vQ�GHVFKLGHUHD�FăWUH�SHUVRDQH�QHFXQRV�FXWH�� GLVWUHVXO�PDL� SX܊LQ� HYLGHQW� OD� VHSDUDUHD� GH�PDPă�¿JXUD� GH�DWD܈DPHQW� SULPDU�� GRULQ܊D� GH� LQWHUDF܊LXQH� FX� DO܊L� FRSLL� �L܈ DELOLWă܊LOH�GH� UHOD܊LRQDUH� FX� DFH܈WLD�� PDL� DOHV� vQ� FRQWH[W� OXGLF�� �0F&OHOODQG��0RUULVRQ��+ROPHV���������([SORUDUHD�XQXL�ÄFkPS´�PXOW�PDL�ODUJ�GH�UHOD܊LL�VRFLDOH܈�L�H[SHULHQ܊HOH�WUăLWH�DOăWXUL�GH�WRYDUă܈LL�GH�MRDFă�VDX�GH�SULPLL�SULHWHQL�FRQVWLWXLH�R�VXUVă�LPSRUWDQWă�GH�vQYă܊DUH�VRFLDOă��ÌQ�MXUXO�YkUVWHL�GH���DQL��PDMRULWDWHD�FRSLLORU�SUHIHUă�MRFXO�FX�DO܊L�FR�SLL�vQ�ORFXO�MRFXOXL�VROLWDU��2GHQ��$VKHU���������([SHULHQ܊HOH�FRPXQH�

Page 30: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

VWLPXOHD]ă� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� GH� FRRSHUDUH�� GDU� �L܈ D� FHORU� GH�JHVWLRQDUH�D�FRQÀLFWHORU��ÌQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS��GLIHUHQ܊HOH�LQWHULQGLYLGXDOH�GH�RUGLQ�WHPSHUDPHQWDO�VXQW�WRW�PDL�HYLGHQWH��SXWkQG�¿�UHJăVLWH�SH�XQ�FRQWLQXXP�GH�OD�WLPLGLWDWH܈�L�LQWURYHUVLXQH�FăWUH�VRFLDELOLWDWH܈�L�H[�WUDYHUVLXQH��$FHVWH�GLIHUHQ܊H�VXQW܈�L�PDL�HYLGHQWH�DWXQFL�FkQG�FRSLLL�vQWkOQHVF�VLWXD܊LL�QHIDPLOLDUH��%XUFKLQDO�HW�DO���������

�� Comportamentele civice SRW� ¿� vQ܊HOHVH� GH� FRSLLL� GH� DFHDVWă� YkUVWă��¿�L�SRW܈ vQVX܈LWH܈�L�PDQLIHVWDWH��FKLDU� vQ�DIDUD�PHGLXOXL�JUăGLQL܊HL��FX�FRQGL܊LD� YDOLGăULL� ORU� FRQVWDQWH� GLQ� H[WHULRU�� GH� FăWUH� FDGUXO� GLGDFWLF��$ELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH�VH�UHIHUă� OD�DFHOH�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�SULQ�FDUH�FRSLLL�VH�LPSOLFă�DFWLY�vQ�FRPXQLWDWHD�vQ�FDUH�WUăLHVF��/LQ���������&KLDU�GDFă�OD�YkUVWD�SUH܈FRODUă�IDF�DQXPLWH�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�IăUă�D�FRQ܈WLHQWL]D�VFR�SXO�¿QDO��VLPSOD�H[SXQHUH�OD�DVWIHO�GH�H[SHULHQ܊H�SRW�PRGHOD�DFWLYLWDWHD�XOWHULRDUă��%HELURJOX�HW�DOO���������'H�H[HPSOX� LJLHQL]DUHD� ORFXOXL�GH�MRDFă�GLQ�FXUWHD�JUăGLQL܊HL��vQ܊HOHJHUHD�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�DFHVWXL�OXFUX�SHQWUX�VăQăWDWHD�SURSULH��vO�SRDWH�GHWHUPLQD�SH�FRSLOXO�GH��±��DQL�Vă�DWUDJă�DWHQ܊LD�SăULQWHOXL�VDX�DOWXL�FRSLO�DWXQFL�FkQG�DFHVWD�VFăSD�XQ�DPEDODM�SH�MRV�VDX�DUXQFă�FHYD�SH�OkQJă�FR܈XO�GH�JXQRL��'DWRULWă�GH]YROWăULL�FRJQLWLYH�HO�SRDWH�IDFH�WUDQVIHUXO�GH�OD�ORFXO�GH�MRDFă�DO�JUăGLQL܊HL�VSUH�SDUF��PDQLIHVWkQG�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�VLPLODUH܈�L�¿LQG�FDSDELO�Vă�H[SOLFH�DOWRUD�QHYRLD�GH�D�SăVWUD�FXUă܊HQLD� �:UD\�/DNH܈�L�FRODE����������'H�DVHPHQHD��FDPSDQLLOH�VRFLDOH�VDX�SURLHFWHOH�GLQ�SUHDMPD�VăUEăWRULORU�vQ�FDUH�VH�IDF�GRQD܊LL��GDFă�VXQW�FRUHFW�H[SOLFDWH܈�L�ELQH�vQ܊HOHVH�GH�FR�SLL��SRW�GH]YROWD�HPSDWLD܈�L�vQFXUDMD�LPSOLFDUHD�FLYLFă��%HOODP\��������

�� &RQоWLHQWL]DUHD�SURSULHL�SHUVRDQH܈�L�D�GLIHUHQ܊HL�GLQWUH�VLQH܈�L�FHLODO܊L�HVWH�GHMD�HYLGHQWă�vQ�MXUXO�YkUVWHL�GH���DQL��&DSDFLWDWHD�GH�vQ܊HOHJHUH�D�SHUVSHFWLYHL�FHOXLODOW�DFFHQWXHD]ă�DFHDVWă�GLIHUHQ܊LHUH��vQ�MXUXO�YkUVWHL�GH��±��DQL��ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRQFHSWXO�GH�VLQH��FRSLLL�vQFHS�Vă�VH�SHUFHDSă�QX�GRDU� FD�VLPSOL� DFWRUL� DL� SURSULLORU� DF܊LXQL�� FL� �L܈ FD� ÄUHJL�]RUL´� DL� DFHVWRUD��3HUFHS܊LD� GH� VLQH� UHSUH]LQWă� LPDJLQHD�PHQWDOă�SH�FDUH�R�GH]YROWă�FRSLOXO�GHVSUH�SURSULD�SHUVRDQă��3UH܈FRODULL�YRUEHVF�GHVSUH�HL�vQ�WHUPHQL�PDL�GHJUDEă�FRQFUH܊L��GHVFULSWLYL��GHFkW�DEVWUDF܊L��$VWIHO�� FkQG� HVWH� vQWUHEDW� ÄFLQH� HVWH´�� XQ� FRSLO� YD� SXWHD� VSXQH� FXP�vO�FKHDPă��Fk܊L�DQL�DUH��FH�VH[�DUH��FH�MXFăULL�VDX�SRVHVLXQL�DUH܈�L�FH�SRDWH�IDFH��%HUFN���������'H�DVHPHQHD�v܈L�GH]YROWă�R�FRQVWDQ܊ă�D�VL�QHOXL��SHUFHS܊LD�XQXL�VLQH�VWDELO��FDUH�QX�VH�VFKLPEă��vQ�FLXGD�GLIHULWHORU�VDOH� FRPSRUWDPHQWH� �L܈ D� GLIHULWHORU� IHHGEDFN�XUL� GLQ� SDUWHD� FHORUODO܊L��0DUVKDOO���������ÌQ�MXUXO�VLQHOXL�VH�FRQVWUXLH܈WH܈�L�XQ�FRUSXV�GH�HYDOX�ăUL�SR]LWLYH�VDX�QHJDWLYH��FDUH�FRQVWLWXLH�VWLPD�GH�VLQH��8Q�DOW�DVSHFW�DO�FRQFHSWXOXL�GH�VLQH�FDUH�VH�GH]YROWă�OD�DFHDVWă�YkUVWă�vO�UHSUH]LQWă�LGHQWLWDWHD�GH�JHQ�

Page 31: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�� 0RWLYDрLD�� 0RWLYD܊LD� SHQWUX� vQYă܊DUH� HVWH� GHWHUPLQDWă� GH� QHYRLD� vQ�QăVFXWă�D�FRSLLORU�GH�D�H[SORUD܈�L� LQWHUDF܊LRQD�FX�PHGLXO� vQ�FDUH� WUă�LHVF��'HFL���������7RFPDL�GH�DFHHD��HVWH�IRDUWH�LPSRUWDQW�FD�OD�YkUVWD�SUH܈FRODUă�Vă�VXV܊LQHP�FXULR]LWDWHD�FRSLOXOXL܈�L�Vă�vL�FUHăP�FRQWH[WH�vQ�FDUH�Vă�v܈L�SRDWă�GRYHGL�FRPSHWHQ܊D܈�L�DXWRQRPLD��GRXă�GLQWUH�DVSHF�WHOH�HVHQ܊LDOH�DOH�PRWLYD܊LHL�LQWULQVHFL���ÌQ�DFHVW�VHQV�XQ�URO�LPSRUWDQW�vO�DX�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�DXWRUHJODWH��FD�GH�H[HPSOX�YRUELWXO�vQ�WLPSXO�UHDOL]ăULL�XQHL�VDUFLQL��:LQVOHU��'LD]܈�L�0RQWHUR��������DFHDVWă�VWUDWHJLH�¿LQG�XQ�SULP�SDV�VSUH�GH]YROWDUHD�DXWRQRPLHL܈�L�XOWHULRU�D�FRPSHWHQ܊HL��&DUOWRQ�/DWRUUH�� �L܈ :LQVOHU�� ������� $FWLYLWă܊LOH� ELQH� VWUXFWXUDWH�� FX� PDWHULDOH�DWUDFWLYH� �L܈ XQ� VSULMLQ� DGDSWDW� DELOLWă܊LORU� SH� FDUH� FRSLOXO� OH� DUH�� VXQW�FRQGL܊LL�FDUH�IDYRUL]HD]ă�FXULR]LWDWHD܈�L��GHFL܈��L�LQWHUHVXO�SUH܈FRODUXOXL��LH܊L�vQ�PDMRULWDWHD�VLVWHPHORU�GH�HGXFD܈DUH��'H܊L�HOHYXOXL�SHQWUX�vQYă܈VH� IRORVHVF� VWLPXOL� H[WHUQL� �UHFRPSHQVH�� SHQWUX� D� GHWHUPLQD� FRSLOXO�Vă�H[HFXWH�DQXPLWH�VDUFLQL��UHFRPDQGDUHD�HVWH�FD�IRORVLUHD�ORU�Vă�¿H�YDULDELOă܈�L�GH�SUHIHUDW�SHQWUX�D�DSUHFLD�HIRUWXO�GHSXV܈��L�QX�UH]XOWDWXO�RE܊LQXW��$PHV��������'HFL܈�L�FRODE���������6RORPRQ���������

�� Creativitatea.�3UH܈FRODULWDWHD�HVWH�R�YkUVWă�D�FăUHL�FDUDFWHULVWLFă�SULQ�FLSDOă�HVWH�FUHDWLYLWDWHD��(YROX܊LD�DFHVWHL�DELOLWă܊L�vQ�DFHDVWă�SHULRDGă�HVWH�YL]LELOă�vQ�GHVHQHOH�FRSLOXOXL�FDUH�FUHVF�WUHSWDW�vQ�FRPSOH[LWDWH��vQ�DVRFLHULOH�SH�FDUH�OH�IDFH�vQWUH�GLIHULWH�FRQFHSWH�VDX�RELHFWH��vQ�PRGXO�GH�DVRFLHUH�DO�GLIHULWHORU�HOHPHQWH�SHQWUX�UHDOL]DUHD�XQRU�FRQVWUXF܊LL��&UH܈WHUHD�FRPSOH[LWă܊LL�VDUFLQLORU�GH�OXFUX�R�GDWD�FX�vQDLQWDUHD�vQ�YkU�VWă�vPERJă܊HVF�ED]D�GH�FXQR܈WLQ܊H�JHQHUDOH܈�L�VSHFL¿FH�DOH�FRSLOXOXL��LDU�DFHVW�DVSHFW�HVWH�R�VXUVă�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�FUHDWLYLWă܊LL��3RYH܈WLOH�FX� ¿QDO� GHVFKLV�� VDUFLQLOH� GH� JkQGLUH� GLYHUJHQWă�� RUJDQL]DUHD� GLIHUL�Wă�D� LQIRUPD܊LLORU�SUHGDWH�� UH]ROYDUHD�FUHDWLYă�D�XQRU�SUREOHPH��JkQ�GLUHD�ODWHUDOă��SUHGLF܊LLOH��MRFXULOH�LPDJLQDWLYH�VXQW�GRDU�FkWHYD�H[HP�SOH�GH�PHWRGH�SULQ�FDUH�SXWHP�GH]YROWD�FUHDWLYLWDWHD�OD�HOHYL��)HKU܈�L�5XVV��������

9kUVWD܈�FRODUă�PLFă

�� 0DWXUL]DUHD�FHUHEUDOă��vQ�SULQFLSDO� OD�QLYHOXO� ORELORU�IURQWDOL��DGXFH�FX�VLQH� DELOLWă܊L� VSRULWH� GH� DXWRFRQWURO� оL� DXWRUHJODUH��$FHVWHD� VH� UHOH�Yă� DWkW� vQ� UDSRUW� FX� FRQ܊LQXWXUL� FRJQLWLYH� �UH]ROYDUHD� XQRU� SUREOHPH�GH�PDWHPDWLFă���FkW܈�L�FX�VLWXD܊LL�VDWXUDWH�HPR܊LRQDO� �FRQWUROXO� IXULHL���*LOOLRP��6KDZ��%HFN��6FKRQEHUJ܈��L�/XNRQ���������&RSLLL�SRW�¿�PXOW�PDL�DWHQ܊L܈�L�FRQFHQWUD܊L�SH�R�VDUFLQă�GDWă��SRW�Vă�UH]ROYH�R�VDUFLQă�XUPkQG�LQVWUXF܊LXQLOH܈�L�UH]LVWkQG�WHQWD܊LHL�GH�D�WUHFH�UDSLG� OD�R�DFWLYLWDWH�PDL�SOăFXWă�� SRW� Vă� v܈L� UHDPLQWHDVFă� VFRSXO� DFWLYLWă܊LL� ORU�� GH� DVHPHQHD��

Page 32: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

SRW�SODQL¿FD�PXOW�PDL�H¿FLHQW�FHHD�FH�DX�GH�UHDOL]DW��$QGHUVRQ���������$XWRFRQWUROXO�HVWH�D܈DGDU�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�H¿FLHQW��QX�GRDU�OD�PRGXO�UH�DFWLY��FL܈�L�SURDFWLY��SHUPL܊kQG�DQWLFLSDUHD܈�L�SUHJăWLUHD�SHQWUX�DFWLYLWă܊L�HYHQLPHQWH�FDUH�XUPHD]ă�Vă�VH�GHVIă܈RDUH��&UH܈WH܈�L�FDSDFLWDWHD�FR�SLLORU�GH�D�PRQLWRUL]D�FHHD�FH�VH�vQWkPSOă�vQ�PHGLX��SHQWUX�D�GHFLGH�FDUH�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�VXQW�SRWULYLWH�XQXL�DQXPLW�FRQWH[W��$ELOLWă܊LOH�DX�WRUHJODWRULL� DX� XQ� LPSDFW� SR]LWLY� DVXSUD� SHUIRUPDQ܊HL� ��FRODUH܈ GDU� �L܈DVXSUD� YLH܊LL� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH� OD� DFHDVWă� YkUVWă� �'XFNZRUWK��4XLQQ���L�7VXND\DPD���������'H�DVHPHQHD��UHSUH]LQWă�XQ�HOHPHQW�FKHLH�GH܈UH]LOLHQ܊ă� vQ�FD]XO�FRSLLORU�GLQ�JUXSXUL�YXOQHUDELOH� �GH�H[HPSOX��FRSLLL�FDUH�VXIHUă�GDWRULWă�VWUHVXOXL�FURQLF��VăUăFLHL��WUDXPHORU�HWF����$OYRUG܈�L�*UDGRV��������

�� Creativitatea��0DWXUL]DUHD�HVWH�HYLGHQWă܈�L�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�DGDSWD�UHD�ÀH[LELOă�OD�DFWLYLWă܊L�VDX�SUREOHPH�VROLFLWăUL�FDUH�VH�VFKLPEă��$FHDVWă�ÀH[LELOLWDWH�vL�DMXWă�SH�FRSLL�Vă�v܈L�IRORVHDVFă�LPDJLQD܊LD܈�L�creativitatea

SHQWUX�D�UH]ROYD�SUREOHPH�QRL��QRQ�FRQYHQ܊LRQDOH��+RII��������

�� ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�PRWLYDрLD��OD�DFHDVWă�YkUVWă�VH�FRQWXUHD]ă�PXOW�PDL�FODU�FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�DQWUHQD�PHFDQLVPH�LQWULQVHFL��LQWHUHV�SHQWUX�XQ�DQXPLW�VXELHFW�R�DQXPLWă�GLVFLSOLQă��SOăFHUHD�GH�D�FkQWD�OD�XQ�LQVWUX�PHQW��YHUVXV�H[WULQVHFL� �*UROQLFN��5\DQ܈�L�'HFL��������� ÌQ�SOXV��DSDU�GLIHUHQ܊LHUL�vQWUH�FRSLL܈�L�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�RULHQWDUHD�VSUH�SHUIRUPDQ܊ă��Pă�DQWUHQH]�SHQWUX�D�¿�FHO�PDL�EXQ�GLQ�FODVă�OD�PDWHPDWLFă��YHUVXV�RULHQWDUHD�VSUH�vQYă܊DUH��H[HUVH]�SHQWUX�D�vQ܊HOHJH܈�L�UH]ROYD�SUREOH�PH�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�LQWHUHVDQWH���3LQWULFK��������

�� Conceptul de sine�FDSăWă�R�PDL�PDUH�FRHUHQ܊ă܈�L�VH�GH¿QH܈WH��SUHSRQ�GHUHQW��vQ�WHUPHQL�GH�FDUDFWHULVWLFL�SVLKRORJLFH��$FHVW�SURJUHV�vQ�GH¿QL�UHD�VLQHOXL��DVRFLDW�FX�R�PHWDFRJQL܊LH�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�DFXUDWă��FRJQL܊LD�GHVSUH�SURSULD�IXQF܊LRQDUH�FRJQLWLYă�±�GH�H[HPSOX��FXQR܈WLQ܊HOH�GHVSUH�SURSULD�PHPRULH��DWHQ܊LH�HWF����VWă�OD�ED]D�XQHL�DXWRH¿FDFLWăрL�FUHVFXWH��PDQLIHVWDWH�PDL�DOHV�vQ�FRQWH[W܈�FRODU��FRSLOXO�UHX܈H܈WH�Vă�v܈L�SURSXQă�XQ�VFRS܈�L�Vă�v܈L�SODQL¿FH�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�DVWIHO�vQFkW�Vă�DLEă�SHUIRUPDQ܊H�ULGLFDWH��v܈L�DXWRPRQLWRUL]HD]ă�SURJUHVXO�vQ�VDUFLQă܈�L�DUH�vQFUHGHUH�vQ�SURSULLOH�DELOLWă܊L��%RQJ܈�L�6NDDOYLN���������

�� 8Q�DOW� SURJUHV�DO� YkUVWHL� FRQVWă� vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�sinelui social. Pe de

R� SDUWH�� FRSLLL� vQFHS� Vă� VH� GH¿QHDVFă� vQ� WHUPHQLL� JUXSXULORU� FăURUD�OH�DSDU܊LQ�� LDU�SH�GH�DOWă�SDUWH�YRUEHVF�GHVSUH�HL�vQ܈L܈L�vQ�WHUPHQL�GH�WHQGLQ܊H�VRFLDOH� �VXQW� WLPLG��VXQW�SULHWHQRV��VXQW�DWHQW�FX�FHLODO܊L��� ÌQ�SOXV��vQFHS�Vă�vL�IRORVHDVFă�SH�FHLODO܊L�FD�VXUVă�GH�FRPSDUD܊LH�vQ�HOD�ERUDUHD�DSUHFLHULORU�DVXSUD�SURSULHL�SHUVRDQH��&ROHPDQ���������/HJDW�

Page 33: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

GH�DFHVW�DVSHFW��DSDUH܈�L�VSLULWXO�GH�FRPSHWL܊LH��vQ�UDSRUW�FX�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�DFDGHPLFH��VSRUWLYH��GH�MRF��HWF��&RSLLL�DX܈�L�XQ�FRQFHSW�GH�JHQ�PXOW�PDL�HODERUDW�

�� &RPSHWHQрD� HPRрLRQDOă� FXQRD܈WH� OD� UkQGXO� VăX� XQ� SURJUHV� QRWDELO��&RSLLL�v܈L�vQVX܈HVF�UHJXOLOH�GH�H[SULPDUH�D�HPR܊LLORU�VSHFL¿FH�JUXSXOXL�FXOWXUDO�GLQ�FDUH�IDF�SDUWH��FHHD�FH�IDFH�FD�HPR܊LLOH�Vă�¿H�PLQLPL]DWH�VDX� DFFHQWXDWH�� Vă� ¿H� FRPXQLFDWH� DXWHQWLF� VDX� GLVLPXODW�� vQ� IXQF܊LH�GH�QRUPD�FDUDFWHULVWLFă�XQHL�VLWXD܊LL�SDUWLFXODUH��([SULPDUHD�HPR܊LLORU�HVWH�XWLOL]DWă� �L܈ SHQWUX�D�PRGXOD�GLQDPLFD� LQWHUDF܊LXQLORU� VRFLDOH� �GH�H[HPSOX��FRSLOXO�]kPEH܈WH�DWXQFL�FkQG�vL�UHSUR܈HD]ă�FHYD�SULHWHQXOXL�VăX�FHO�PDL�EXQ���3H�GH�DOWă�SDUWH��VH�FRQVWDWă�R�DFKL]L܊LH�VXSOLPHQWDUă��L܊L�DOH�FHORUODO܈�LLORU�SURSULL܊WLHQWL]DUHD�HPR܈WH�FRQ܈L�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈�FRSLLL�UHDOL]HD]ă�Fă��vQ�UDSRUW�FX�DFHHD܈L�SHUVRDQă��SRW�¿�WUăLWH�HPR܊LL�GLIHULWH��XQHRUL�FRQWUDGLFWRULL��&ROOH��'HO�*LXGLFH���������'LQ�SHUVSHFWL�YD�UHJOăULL�HPR܊LRQDOH��VWUDWHJLD�SUHIHUDWă�HVWH�FHD�IRFDOL]DWă�SH�SUR�EOHPă܈�L�SH�UH]ROYDUHD�DFHVWHLD��FHL�SX܊LQ�DWXQFL�FkQG�H[LVWă�XQ�FRQWURO�PRGHUDW�DVXSUD�VLWXD܊LHL��&kQG�FRQWUROXO�HVWH�PLQLPDO��FRSLLL�UHFXUJ�OD�GLVWDQ܊DUHD�GH�VLWXD܊LD�SUREOHPDWLFă� ��L܈ GHFL�� HYLWDUHD� FRQIUXQWăULL� FX�DFHDVWD��)LQGOD\��&RSODQ��%RZNHU��������

�� ÌQ�VIHUD� LQWHUSHUVRQDOă��VH�FRQWXUHD]ă�UHOD܊LLOH�DSURSLDWH��SULYLOHJLDWH��FX�XQ�QXPăU� UHGXV�GH�SULHWHQL��SULQ�FRURERUDUHD� LQIRUPD܊LLORU�GHVSUH�XQLFLWDWHD� XQHL� DQXPLWH� SHUVRDQH�� FX� FXQR܈WLQ܊H� GHVSUH� UHVSHFWLYD�SHUVRDQă�GREkQGLWH�vQ�FDGUXO�XQRU�H[SHULHQ܊H�GLQ�PRPHQWH�WHPSRUDOH�GLIHULWH��3ULHWHQLL�FDSăWă�R�JUHXWDWH�FUHVFkQGă�vQ�YLD܊D�FRSLOXOXL��vQ�YLU�WXWHD�IXQF܊LLORU�PXOWLSOH�SH�FDUH�OH�vQGHSOLQHVF��VXUVă�GH�FRPSDUD܊LH�±�UHSHU� SHQWUX� DXWRHYDOXDUH� �L܈ IHHGEDFN�� VXUVă� GH� YDORUL� DOWHUQDWLYH�ID܊ă�GH�FHOH�DOH�DGXO܊LORU��VXUVă�GH�VHFXULWDWH�HPR܊LRQDOă��UHVXUVă�GH�vPERJă܊LUH�D�SHUIRUPDQ܊HORU�FRJQLWLYH��UHVXUVă�SHQWUX�vQYă܊DUHD�GH�UX�WLQH� GH� LQWHUDF܊LXQH�� FDUH� vL� SHUPLW� FRSLOXOXL� R�PDL� EXQă� DGDSWDUH� vQ�VRFLHWDWH��3HGHUVHQ��9LWDUR��%DUNHU܈L�%RUJH��������

$GROHVFHQ܊D

�� O particularitate a DXWRUHJOăULL� R� UHSUH]LQWă� IDSWXO� Fă� PHFDQLVPHOH�GH� FRQWURO� FRJQLWLY� ÄOD� UHFH´�� FDUH� RSHUHD]ă� SUHSRQGHUHQW� FX� VWLPXOL�DEVWUDF܊L�VDX�QHXWUL��VXQW�GHMD�PDWXUH�vQ�MXUXO�YkUVWHL�GH���±���DQL��WUD�YHUVkQG�GRDU�R�SHULRDGă�GH�UD¿QDUH�vQ�LQWHUYDOXO���±���DQL��ÌQ�VFKLPE��FRQWUROXO�HPR܊LRQDO�VH�GH]YROWă�DELD�OD���±���DQL��PDWXUL]DUHD�GHSOL�Qă�¿LQG�DWLQVă�DELD�OD�YkUVWă�DGXOWă��'LQ�DFHVW�PRWLY��GH܈L�DX�DELOLWă܊L�ORJLFH� VLPLODUH� FX� DOH� DGXO܊LORU�� vQ� VLWXD܊LL� VDWXUDWH� HPR܊LRQDO�VRFLDO��

Page 34: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

DGROHVFHQ܊LL� LDX� GHFL]LL�PDL� SX܊LQ� UD܊LRQDOH� �L�PDQLIHVWă܈ GL¿FXOWă܊L� GH�DXWRUHJODUH��3kQă�vQ�MXUXO�YkUVWHL�GH���±���DQL��DGROHVFHQ܊LL�PDQLIHVWă�SUHIHULQ܊D� SHQWUX� R� UHFRPSHQVă�PDL�PLFă�� GDU� LPHGLDWă�� FRPSDUDWLY�FX�R�UHFRPSHQVă�PDUH�FDUH�HVWH�DPkQDWă��'H�DVHPHQHD��HL�SUHIHUă�Vă�VXSRUWH�SLHUGHUL�VDX�SHGHSVH�PDL�PDUL��FKLDU�GDFă�PDL�UDUH��FRP�SDUDWLY�FX�SLHUGHUL�PDL�PLFL�GDU�IUHFYHQWH��ÌQ�SOXV��LQWHJUDUHD�PDL�OHQ�Wă�FRJQL܊LH�±�HPR܊LH�VH�UHÀHFWă܈�L�vQ�DVXPDUHD�ULVFXULORU��FăXWDUHD�GH�VHQ]D܊LL��YXOQHUDELOLWDWHD�OD�LQÀXHQ܊D�FHORUODO܊L��'H܈L�DU�SXWHD�¿�OHFWXUDW�GRDU�GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�GH¿FLWXOXL��DFHVW�SUR¿O�DO�DXWRUHJOăULL�SHUPLWH�UH�DOL]DUHD�VDUFLQLORU�VSHFL¿FH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�DOH�DGROHVFHQWXOXL܈��L�DQX�PH�H[SORUDUHD�FUHVFXWă�D�PHGLXOXL��GREkQGLUHD�LQGHSHQGHQ܊HL�ID܊ă�GH�DGXO܊L��VWDELOLUHD�GH�LQWHUDF܊LXQL�PDL�IUHFYHQWH�FX�FHL�GH�DFHHD܈L�YkUVWă��FăXWDUHD�SRWHQ܊LDOLORU�SDUWHQHUL�URPDQWLFL��$YDQWDMXO�QHW�DO�DXWRUHJOăULL�vQ�GRPHQLXO�FRJQLWLY�VH�UăVIUkQJH܈�L�DVXSUD�XQHL�FDSDFLWă܊L�VXSHULRDUH�de vQYăрDUH�DXWRUHJODWă��ÌQ�YLUWXWHD�DFHVWHLD�DGROHVFHQWXO�v܈L�SRDWH�VWD�ELOL�VLQJXU�XQ�RELHFWLY��vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�FXQR܈WLQ܊HOH�GREkQGLWH�DQWHULRU��v܈L�GH]YROWă�XQ�SODQ�GH�DWLQJHUH�D�RELHFWLYXOXL��v܈L�PRQLWRUL]HD]ă�SURJUHVXO��L܈ IDFWRULL� FDUH� LQÀXHQ܊HD]ă�DFHVW� SURJUHV�� LDU� vQ� IXQF܊LH� GH� FHHD� FH�REVHUYă��FDXWă�VWUDWHJLL�SHQWUX� vPEXQăWă܊LUHD�SHUIRUPDQ܊HL� �0F1HHO\�������L�%ODQFKDUG܈��

�� ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�GH¿QLUHD�sinelui��DGROHVFHQ܊D�HVWH��SULQ�H[FHOHQ܊ă��SHULRDGD�GH�IRUPDUH�D�XQHL�LGHQWLWă܊L�SHUVRQDOH��FRQVWkQG�vQ�vQ܊HOHJHUHD�SURSULHL�SHUVRDQH�GUHSW�R�HQWLWDWH�GLVWLQFWă�GH�WR܊L�FHLODO܊L��GDU��vQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS�� FRHUHQWă� �L܈ LQWHJUDWă� WUDQVVLWXD܊LRQDO�� *kQGLUHD� DEVWUDFWă� SHU�PLWH� DFXP�GH¿QLUHD� FRPSOH[ă� D� VLQHOXL� �FX� OXDUHD� vQ� FRQVLGHUDUH� D�GLIHUHQ܊HORU� FDUH� DSDU� vQ� IXQF܊LH� GH� FRQWH[W��� SUHFXP� �L܈ UHXQLUHD� GL�YHUVHORU�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�FRQFUHWH�vQ�FkWHYD�FDUDFWHULVWLFL�DEVWUDFWH��ÌQ�DGROHVFHQ܊D�WLPSXULH�VXQW�PDL�SUHJQDQWH�WHQGLQ܊HOH�HJRFHQWULFH��FDUH�VH�PDQLIHVWă�vQ�FHQWUDUHD�H[FHVLYă�SH�VLQH��vQ�FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD�IRDUWH�ÄDFXWă´� D� SURSULHL� SHUVRDQH� �L܈ vQ� UHOD܊LLOH� DGHVHD� FRQÀLFWXDOH� FX� DX�WRULWDWHD��$FHOD܈L�HJRFHQWULVP�DGXFH�FX�VLQH܈�L� LOX]LD� LQYXOQHUDELOLWă܊LL��=LPPHUPDQ��&RSHODQG��6KRSH܈��L�'LHOPDQ���������ÌQ�DGROHVFHQ܊D�GH�PLMORF��DGROHVFHQ܊LL�VXQW�IRDUWH�SUHRFXSD܊L�GH�GLVFUHSDQ܊D�GLQWUH�VLQHOH�LGHDO� �L܈ VLQHOH� UHDO� �L܈ GH� FRQWUDGLF܊LLOH� GLQWUH�PRGXO� vQ� FDUH� JkQGHVF��L܈ IHOXO� vQ� FDUH� VH� FRPSRUWă�� )RDUWH� DGHVHD�� DFHVWH� FRQWUDGLF܊LL� QX�SRW� ¿� GHSă܈LWH� vQ� GLUHF܊LD� GREkQGLULL� XQHL� FRHUHQ܊H� D� VLQHOXL��$ELD� vQ�DGROHVFHQ܊D�WkU]LH�VDX�FKLDU�OD�YkUVWD�DGXOWă�HPHUJHQWă��FRQFHSWXO�GH�VLQH�GHYLQH�LQWHJUDW��VXEVXPkQG�YDORUL��FRQYLQJHUL��VWDQGDUGH�SHUVR�QDOH܈�L�¿LQG��vQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS��PDL�SX܊LQ�LQÀXHQ܊DW�GH�SHUFHS܊LD�FHORUODO܊L�DVXSUD�SURSULHL�SHUVRDQH��6DQWURFN��������

Page 35: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�� 5HIHULQGX�QH�OD�FRPSHWHQрD�HPRрLRQDOă��VHVL]ăP�Fă�DGROHVFHQ܊LL�RSH�UHD]ă�PXOW�PDL�VR¿VWLFDW�OD�QLYHO�GH�H[SUHVLYLWDWH�HPR܊LRQDOă��GH�H[HP�SOX�� PDQLIHVWă� HPR܊LD� DXWHQWLFă� vQ� UHOD܊LD� FX� SULHWHQLL� DSURSLD܊L�� GDU�D¿܈HD]ă�HPR܊LL�ÄQRUPDWLYH´�vQ�LQWHUDF܊LXQHD�FX�FHLODO܊L�VDX�VH�IRORVHVF�VWUDWHJLF�GH�H[SUHVLLOH�HPR܊LRQDOH�SHQWUX�D܈�L�FRQVWUXL�R�SUH]HQWDUH�GH�VXFFHV�D�SURSULHL�SHUVRDQH��([LVWă܈�L�R�FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUH�FUHVFXWă�D�ÄVFH�QDULLORU�HPR܊LRQDOH´�FDUH�VXQW�DVRFLDWH�GLIHULWHORU�UROXUL�VRFLDOH��3H�GH�DOWă�SDUWH��FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD�SURSULHL�YLH܊L�HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�D�FLFOLFLWă܊LL�WUăLULL�XQRU�HPR܊LL��GH�H[HPSOX��GXSă�IXULH�XUPHD]ă�YLQRYă܊LD��DMXWă�OD�HODER�UDUHD�XQRU�VWUDWHJLL�GH�FRSLQJ�ED]DWH�SH�UHÀHF܊LH��6DQWURFN���������'LQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�UDSRUWăULL�OD�VLWXD܊LL�VWUHVDQWH��DGROHVFHQ܊LL�VXQW�FDSDELOL�Vă�JHQHUH]H�PDL�PXOWH�VROX܊LL܈�L�Vă�XWLOL]H]H�VWUDWHJLL�GLYHUVH܈��L��vQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS��DMXQJ�Vă�LQWHJUH]H�vQ�DFHVWHD�HOHPHQWH�FDUH܊�LQ�GH�GLPHQVLXQHD�PRUDOă܈�L�GH�¿ORVR¿D�SHUVRQDOă��0DVWHQ��������

�� $ELOLWăрLOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��6IHUD�UHOD܊LRQDOă�VH�OăUJH܈WH�FRQVLGHUDELO��FX�SULQ]kQG�SăULQ܊LL��IUD܊LL�DOWH�UXGH��FROHJLL��SULHWHQLL��SDUWHQHULL�URPDQWLFL��GDU� �L܈ FRPXQLWDWHD�PDL� ODUJă� vQ� LQWHULRUXO� FăUHLD� WUăLH܈WH� �L܈ VH� LPSOL�Fă�DGROHVFHQWXO��5DSRUWDUHD�GLIHUHQ܊LDWă�OD�¿HFDUH�GLQWUH�DFHVWH�WLSXUL�GH�UHOD܊LL�GHPRQVWUHD]ă�DELOLWăрLOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH�vPERJă܊LWH��VSHFL¿FH�DFHVWXL� LQWHUYDO� GH� YkUVWă� �*DUEDULQR�� ������� 3H� GH� DOWă� SDUWH�� SUR�JUHVXO�HVWH�SUH]HQW܈�L� vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�DGkQFLPHD�UHOD܊LHL�FX�SHU�VRDQHOH�DSURSLDWH��SULHWHQLLOH�GHYHQLQG�PXOW�PDL� LQWLPH��6H[XDOLWDWHD�LQÀXHQ܊HD]ă� UHOD܊LLOH� LQWHUSHUVRQDOH�� SXQkQGX܈�L� DPSUHQWD� �L܈ DVXSUD�GH]YROWăULL�LGHQWLWă܊LL�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��0F1HHO\܈�L�%ODQFKDUG��������

�� Antreprenoriatul UHSUH]LQă�R�DELOLWDWH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYă�FDUH�VH�SRDWH�PD�QLIHVWD�SOHQDU� OD�DFHDVWă�YkUVWă��$GROHVFHQ܊LL� ¿LQG�FDSDELOL� Vă� LGHQWL�¿FH� �L܈ Vă� YDORUL¿FH� RSRUWXQLWă܊L�� �L܈ GH� DVHPHQHD� Vă� WUDQVIRUPH� FX�VXFFHV�LGHHD�vQ�DF܊LXQH��$ELOLWă܊LOH�DQWUHSUHQRULDOH�VXQW�UHOD܊LRQDWH�vQ�DGROHVFHQ܊ă� FX�PRGHOHOH�H[LVWHQWH� vQ� YLD܊D�DGROHVFHQWXOXL�� DELOLWă܊LOH�GHFL]LRQDOH܈�L�VXV܊LQHUHD�SăULQ܊LORU��2EVFKRQND�6LOEHUHLVHQ܈�L�6FKPLWW�5RGHUPXQG��������

����'H]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�FD]XO�JUXSXULORU�YXOQHUDELOHÌQ�JHQHUDO��FkQG�YRUELP�GHVSUH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��SURJUD�PHOH�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD� ORU� IDF�UHIHULUH� OD�JUXSXULOH�GH�FRSLL܈�L� WLQHUL�FDUH�DX�XQ� WUDVHX�GH�GH]YROWDUH� WLSLFă�GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�FRJQLWLY܈�L�VR�FLR�DIHFWLY��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD��H[LVWă�IRDUWH�PXOWH�VWXGLL�FDUH�VXEOLQLD]ă�QHFH�VLWDWHD�HODERUăULL܈�L�LPSOHPHQWăULL�GH�DVWIHO�GH�LQL܊LDWLYH܈�L�vQ�FD]XO�JUXSXULORU�

Page 36: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

YXOQHUDELOH� SUHFXP�� FRSLL� FX�GL]DELOLWă܊L� �GH�H[�� DXWLVP��� FRSLL� FDUH�DSDU܊LQ�XQRU�PLQRULWă܊L�VDX�FDUH�SURYLQ�GLQ� IDPLOLL�FX�VWDWXW�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF�SUHFDU��FRSLL�FDUH�WUăLHVF�vQ�]RQH�GH�Uă]ERL�HWF��

6WDWXWXO�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF�VFă]XW

8QXO� GLQWUH� IDFWRULL� FDUH�SRW� DIHFWD� GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� vQ�UkQGXO�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�HVWH�VWDWXWXO�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF�DO� IDPLOLHL�GLQ�FDUH�SURYLQ��'H܈L�UHOD܊LD�GLQWUH�VWDWXWXO�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�FRJQL�WLYă��GH�H[���SHUIRUPDQ܊D�DFDGHPLFă��HVWH�IRDUWH�ELQH�VWXGLDWă�vQ�OLWHUDWXUă��FHUFHWăULOH�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�SRWHQ܊LDOHOH�HIHFWH�DOH�FLUFXPVWDQ܊HORU�IDPLOLDOH�DVX�SUD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��GH�H[���DVXSUD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��VXQW�GHVWXO�GH�OLPLWDWH��)OHWFKHU܈�L�:ROIH��������

2�VHULH�GH�VWXGLL�DUDWă�IDSWXO�Fă�DFHL�FRSLL�FDUH�WUăLHVF�vQWU�XQ�PHGLX�FX�XQ�QLYHO� VRFLR�HFRQRPLF� VFă]XW�� PDQLIHVWă� VLPSWRPDWRORJLH� GH]DGDSWDWLYă� �L܈IXQF܊LRQDUH�VRFLDOă� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOă�GH¿FLWDUă�VHPQL¿FDWLY�PDL� ULGLFDWă�GHFkW�FRSLLL�FDUH�SURYLQ�GLQ�PHGLL�VăQăWRDVH��%ROJHU܈�L�FRODE���������%URRNV�*XQQ����L�'XQFDQ܈����/DKH\܈�L�FRODE���������0F/HRG܈�L�6KDQDKDQ�������0RRUH�����L�FRODE܈����3DWWHUVRQ܈�L�FRODE��������6DPHURII܈�L�FRODE��������6WDU¿HOG������� 7DNHXFKL��:LOOLDPV��$GDLU�� ������� 'H� DVHPHQHD�� H[LVWă� QXPHURDVH�VWXGLL�FDUH� LQGLFă� IDSWXO�Fă�GH]YROWDUHD�FRSLLORU� vQWU�XQ�PHGLX�VRFLR�HFRQR�PLF�GH¿FLWDU�DIHFWHD]ă�IXQF܊LRQDUHD�HPR܊LRQDOă܈�L�VRFLDOă�D�DFHVWRUD܈�L�FKLDU�SRDWH� GXFH� OD� PDQLIHVWăUL� VLPSWRPDWRORJLFH� GH]DGDSWDWLYH� �%ROJHU� �L܈ FR�ODE���������%URRNV�*XQQ܈�L�'XQFDQ�������/DKH\܈�L�FRODE���������0F/HRG܈�L�6KDQDKDQ�������0RRUH܈�L�FRODE��������3DWWHUVRQ܈�L�FRODE��������6DPHURII܈�L�FRODE��������6WDU¿HOG�������7DNHXFKL܈�L�FRODE����������6WXGLLOH�ORQJLWXGLQDOH�DX� GHPRQVWUDW� Fă� VWDWXWXO� VRFLR�HFRQRPLF� VFă]XW� HVWH� DVRFLDW� FX� DSDUL܊LD�SUREOHPHORU�HPR܊LRQDOH�vQ�FRSLOăULD�WLPSXULH܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�DFHVWRU�SUREOHPH�vQ�FRSLOăULD�GH�PLMORF��$FKHQEDFK܈�L�FRODE���������'XQFDQ܈�L�FRODE���������0F/HRG܈�L�6KDQDKDQ���������/D�FRSLLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LL�vQWUH܈���L����DQL��VWD�WXWXO�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF�VFă]XW�D�IRVW�DVRFLDW�FX�UDSRUWDUHD�GH�FăWUH�SăULQ܊L܈�L�SURIHVRUL�D�DJUHVLYLWă܊LL܈�L�GHOLFYHQ܊HL��0F&R\܈�L�FRODE����������6ăUăFLD�D�IRVW�DVRFLDWă� GH� DVHPHQHD�� FX� GHOLFYHQ܊ă� MXYHQLOă� �L܈ FX� SUREOHPH� GH� LQWHUQD�OL]DUH��H[WHUQDOL]DUH� �L܈ DWHQ܊LH� OD� FRSLLL� vQWUH��� �L܈ ���DQL� �=XEULFN� �L܈ FRODE����������)OHWFKHU� ��L�:ROIH܈ �������DX� UHOHYDW� IDSWXO� Fă�� vQ� IXQF܊LH�GH� YHQLWXO�FDVQLF��FRSLLL�vQFHS�JUăGLQL܊D�FX�GLIHUHQ܊H�VHPQL¿FDWLYH�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L��PDL�PXOW��DFHVWH�GLIHUHQ܊H�VH�DFFHQWXHD]ă܈�L� vQ�XQHOH�FD]XUL�FKLDU�VH�GXEOHD]ă�VDX�WULSOHD]ă�SkQă� OD�YkUVWD�GH����DQL��8Q�VWXGLX�PDL�UHFHQW�UHDOL]DW�GH�)XOOHU��5RZHOO��(YDQV܈�L�&XUWLV��������D�DUăWDW�Fă�SHUVHYHUHQ܊D�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�DWXQFL�FkQG�VH�FRQIUXQWă�FX�VDUFLQL�PDL�GL¿FLOH�HVWH�VHPQL¿FDWLY�PDL�UHGXVă�vQ�FD]XO�vQ�FDUH�DFH܈WLD�DX�FUHVFXW�vQ�VăUăFLH�

Page 37: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

'H�FH�VXQW�LPSRUWDQWH�DFHVWH�UH]XOWDWH�SHQWUX܊�DUD�QRDVWUă"�5DSRUWXO�VRFLDO�DO� ,QVWLWXWXOXL�GH�&HUFHWDUH�D�&DOLWă܊LL�9LH܊LL� �,&&9��GLQ������SUHFL]HD]ă�FD�5RPkQLD�HUD��OD�DFHD�GDWă܊��DUD�FX�FHD�PDL�ULGLFDWă�SURSRU܊LH�GH�SRSXOD܊LH�VăUDFă�GLQ�8QLXQHD�(XURSHDQă��ÌQ�SOXV��UDSRUWkQGX�VH�OD�IDPLOLLOH�FDUH�DX�vQ�vQWUH܊LQHUH�FRSLL�PLQRUL܈�L� OD�PRGL¿FăULOH�FRQWLQXH�DOH�LQVWDELOLWă܊LL�VLVWHPXOXL�HGXFD܊LRQDO��FDOLWDWHD�RIHULWă�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQWXO�URPkQHVF�HUD�Yă]XWă�FD�¿LQG�XQD�VODEă܈�L�IRDUWH�VODEă�GH�SHVWH�����GLQ�SRSXOD܊LH��0ăUJLQHDQ��3UHFXSH܊LX��FRRUG����������&RQIRUP�,&&9�������FRSLLL�VXQW�JUXSXO�VRFLDO�FHO�PDL�DIHFWDW�GH� VăUăFLH�� OD�PDUH� GLVWDQ܊ă� GH� FHOHODOWH� �ăUL܊ HXURSHQH�� vQ� ����� ULVFXO� GH�VăUăFLH�SHQWUX�FRSLLL�VXE����DQL�¿LQG�GH�������vQ�5RPkQLD��FRPSDUDWLY�FX�������vQ�8(���� �,&&9���������'H�DVHPHQHD�� UDSRUWDW� OD� �ăULOH�QRUG�HXUR܊SHQH܈�L�IRVWH�VRYLHWLFH��5RPkQLD�DUH�XQ�QLYHO�FUHVFXW�DO�LQHJDOLWă܊LL�VRFLDOH��¿LQG�GHSă܈LWă�GRDU�GH�/LWXDQLD��FRQIRUP�DFHOXLD܈L�UDSRUW��7RDWH�DFHVWH�GDWH�SODVHD]ă�FRSLLL� �L܈ DGROHVFHQ܊LL� URPkQL� OD�XQ�QLYHO� FUHVFXW�GH� ULVF�SHQWUX�R�GH]YROWDUH�FRJQLWLYă܈�L�PDL�DOHV�QRQ�FRJQLWLYă�GH¿FLWDUă��FDUH�VXV܊LQH�QHYRLD�XQRU�PăVXUL� FRQFUHWH�� ¿DELOH�GH� LQWHUYHQ܊LH܈�L�SUHYHQ܊LH�SHQWUX�DVLJXUDUHD�VWăULL�GH�ELQH�D�DFHVWRUD�

0LJUD܊LD�HFRQRPLFă�SDUHQWDOă

�FRSLLL�FX�SăULQ܊L�SOHFD܊L�vQ�VWUăLQăWDWH�/LWHUDWXUD�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�DUDWă�UH]XOWDWH�FRQWUDVWDQWH�SULYLQG�LPSDFWXO�HPL�JUăULL�XQXLD�GLQWUH�SăULQ܊L�DVXSUD�UH]XOWDWHORU�DFDGHPLFH�DOH�FRSLLORU��3H�GH�R�SDUWH��H[LVWă�GH]DYDQWDMHOH�VHSDUăULL�GH�SăULQWH܈�L�GLVWUHVXO�HPR܊LRQDO�DVR�FLDW��SH�GH�DOWă�SDUWH�� VLWXD܊LD�PDWHULDOă�D� IDPLOLHL� VH� vPEXQăWă܊H܈WH�� FUHV�FkQG�DVWIHO܈�DQVHOH�GH�DFFHV�OD�R�HGXFD܊LH�GH�FDOLWDWH��6LWXD܊LD�HVWH�VLPLODUă��L܊FRODU�GL¿FXOWă܈�LD]ă�vQ�FRQWH[W܊DUă�HYLGHQ܊�L�vQ܈L�vQ�5RPkQLD��&RSLLL�UăPD܈GH� UHJODUH�HPR܊LRQDOă��SUREOHPH�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW��DEDQGRQ܈�FRODU��DQDO�IDEHWLVP� IXQF܊LRQDO� �3ăGXUDUX���������&RSLLL� UHVLPW� OLSVD� LQWHUDF܊LXQLL� ¿]LFH��LL��FX�WRDWH�Fă�LQVWUXPHQWHOH�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�V�DX�UD܊LRQDOH�FX�SăULQ܊L�HPR܈¿QDW� vQ�XOWLPD�GHFDGă��3ăGXUDUX��������� ÌQ�DFHOD܈L� WLPS��FRSLLL�FDUH�UăPkQ�vQ܊�DUă܈�L�FDUH�VH�DÀă��FRQIRUP�UDSRDUWHORU�GLQ� OLWHUDWXUD�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�� OD�YkUVWD�DGROHVFHQ܊HL��vQ�FRQWH[WXO�XQHL�VXSUDYHJKHUL�SUHFDUH��SUH]LQWă�XQ�ULVF�FUHVFXW�GH�GL¿FXOWă܊L� HPR܊LRQDOH� �L܈ GH� LPSOLFDUH� vQ� FRPSRUWDPHQWH�GH� ULVF��3ăGXUDUX��������2SUH܈�L�FRODE���������

0LQRULWă܊L�HWQLFH

&X�WRDWH�Fă�vQ�XOWLPLL�DQL��OD�QLYHO�PRQGLDO��H[LVWă�XQ�SURJUHV�VHVL]DELO�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�LQWHJUDUHD�PLQRULWă܊LORU�HWQLFH��WUHEXLH�UHFXQRVFXW�IDSWXO�Fă�SHU�VLVWă�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�DQXPLWH�ULVFXUL�DVRFLDWH�FX�DSDUWHQHQ܊D�OD�XQ�JUXS�HWQLF�

Page 38: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

PLQRULWDU��3RWULYLW�OLWHUDWXULL�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH��DVSHFWHOH�FH܊�LQ�GH�HWQLD܈�L�FXOWXUD�GLQ�FDUH�XQ�LQGLYLG�SURYLQH�SRW�MXFD�XQ�URO�HVHQWLDO�vQ�YDULL�FRQWH[WH�GH�YLD܊ă�FX�FDUH�DFHVWD�VH�FRQIUXQWă��5RJHUV܈�L�/DQJH���������0DL�PXOW�GHFkW�DWkW��H[LVWă�GRYH]L�SXWHUQLFH�FDUH�DWHVWă�DQXPLWH�SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH�PLQWDOă��H[��GLVIXQF܊LL� HPR܊LRQDOH� VHYHUH��GDU� �L܈ SVLKR]H�� vQWkOQLWH� vQ� UkQGXO� LQGLYL�]LORU�FDUH�DX� LPLJUDW܈�L�VDX�DSDU܊LQ�XQRU�JUXSXUL�HWQLFH�PLQRULWDUH��0RUJDQ��&KDUDODPELGHV��+XWFKLQVRQ܈�L�0XUUD\���������$FHVWH�GDWH�HYLGHQ܊LD]ă�QHYR�LD�GH�DWHQ܊LH�FH�WUHEXLH�DFRUGDWă�JUXSXULORU�HWQLFH�PLQRULWDUH��DWkW�vQ�FHUFHWD�UH��FkW܈�L�vQ�SUDFWLFă�

7RWRGDWă��PRGXO� vQ�FDUH�R�SHUVRDQă�VH� UDSRUWHD]ă� OD�SURSULD�HWQLH��PRGXO�vQ�FDUH�v܈L�FRQVWUXLH܈WH�LGHQWLWDWHD�HWQLFă�SRDWH�DYHD�XQ�LPSDFW�SR]LWLY�VDX�QHJDWLY�DVXSUD�YLH܊LL�VDOH��$X�IRVW�HODERUDWH�LQWHUYHQ܊LL�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�vQWRFPDL�GH]YROWDUHD�XQHL�LGHQWLWă܊L�HWQLFH�SXWHUQLFH��6SUH�H[HPSOX��DX�IRVW�UHDOL]DWH�SURJUDPH�GH�DFHVW�JHQ�SHQWUX�FRQVWUXLUHD� LGHQWLWă܊LL�HWQLFH�SHQWUX�SHUVRD�QH�GH�HWQLH�KLVSDQLFă�VDX�DIUR�DPHULFDQă�vQ�UkQGXO�DGROHVFHQWHORU�GLQ�68$��+LOO��0DQFH��$QGHUVRQ܈�L�6PLWK���������3RWULYLW�OXL�+LOO܈�L�FRODERUDWRULORU��S�����������ÄR�SHUVSHFWLYă�SR]LWLYă�DVXSUD�SURSULXOXL�JUXS�UDVLDO�VDX�HWQLF�LQFOXGH�XQ�VHQWLPHQW�GH� LQFOX]LXQH܈�L�DSDUWHQHQ܊ă�� �FDUH��DOăWXUL�GH�R�SHUVSHFWLYă�SR]LWLYă� DVXSUD� FXOWXULL� LQGLYL]LORU�PDMRULWDUL�� VSULMLQă� IXQF܊LRQDUHD� DGDSWDWL�Yă܈�L�DUH�HIHFWH�SURWHFWLYH´��7RDWH�DFHVWH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�GHVSUH�FDUH�YRUEHVF�DXWRULL�PHQ܊LRQD܊L� �L�QX�QXPDL��SRW�¿�GH]YROWDWH�SULQ�SURJUDPH�FDUH�XUPă܈UHVF�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��GLQWUH�FDUH�FHO�PDL�DGHVHD�VXQW�PHQ܊LRQDWH�� DFFHSWDUHD� QHFRQGL܊LRQDWă� D� SURSULHL� SHUVRDQH� �L܈ D� FHORUODO܊L��LQWHJUDUHD�VRFLDOă��LGHQWLWDWHD�VRFLDOă��FRPXQLFDUHD�QRQ�YLROHQWă��VWDUHD�GH�ELQH��DELOLWă܊LOH�HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�VRFLDOH�HWF�

'HRDUHFH� HGXFD܊LD� HVWH� R� SkUJKLH� HVHQ܊LDOă� vQ� GH]YROWDUHD� VRFLDOă� �L܈HPR܊LRQDOă��D܈D�FXP�D�IRVW�GHWDOLDW�vQ�SULPXO�FDSLWRO�DO�DFHVWXL�UDSRUW���SHQ�WUX�FHD�PDL�QXPHURDVă�HWQLH�PLQRULWDUă�GLQ܊�DUD�QRDVWUă��FHD�URPă��DX�IRVW�SURSXVH�R�VHULH�GH�SROLWLFL�FRHUHQWH�SHQWUX�D�UHGXFH�GHFDODMHOH�GLQWUH�HL܈�L�SRSXOD܊LD�QRQ�URPă��$X� IRVW�YL]DWH�GLIHUHQ܊HOH� OD�QLYHO�GH�VăQăWDWH�� ORFXLUH���LD��$VWIHO��GH�H[HPSOX܊WH�HGXFD܈L�RFXSDUH��GDU�PDL�DOHV�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈vQ�ED]D�XQRU�KRWăUkUL�DOH�*XYHUQXOXL��OLFHHOH܈�L�XQLYHUVLWă܊LOH�DX�RIHULW�ORFXUL�VXEYHQ܊LRQDWH�SHQWUX�WLQHUL�GH�HWQLH�URPă��vQ�GLIHULWH�LQVWLWX܊LL܈�FRODUH�DX�IRVW�FRQVWLWXLWH�FODVH�FX�SUHGDUH�vQ�OLPED�URPDQL��JXYHUQXO�D�RIHULW�VSULMLQ�¿QDQ�FLDU�SHQWUX�IUHFYHQWDUHD�JUăGLQL܊HORU�GH�FăWUH�FRSLLL�GLQ�IDPLOLL�GH�URPL��OHJHD�)LHFDUH�FRSLO�vQ�JUăGLQL܊ă���������LDU�GLYHUVH�21*�XUL�DX�SURSXV܈�L�DSOLFDW�R�VHULH�GH�SROLWLFL�SULYLQG�FUH܈WHUHD�SDUWLFLSăULL܈�L�D�IUHFYHQWăULL܈�FROLL�GH�FăWUH�DFHDVWă�PLQRULWDWH� �GH� H[HPSOX� UDSRUWXO�8QLFHI� ����� FX� SULYLUH� OD� SROLWLFL�OH� HGXFD܊LRQDOH�� DFWLYLWă܊LOH� RUJDQL]D܊LHL�5RPD�(GXFDWLRQ�)XQG�5RPDQLD�±�H[��3H�ORFXUL��¿܊L�JDWD��VWDUW�¿QDOL]DW�vQ������HWF����6WUDWHJLD�GH�LQFOX]LXQH�D�FHWD܊HQLORU�URPkQL�DSDU܊LQkQG�PLQRULWD܊LL�URPH�SHQWUX�SHULRDGD�����±������

Page 39: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

FKLDU�GDFă�DUH܊�LQWH�PDL�FODUH܈�L�DORFăUL�EXJHWDUH�PDL�DGHFYDWH��,&&9���������HVWH�PXOW�PDL�RULHQWDWă�VSUH�DFFHVDUHD�IRQGXULORU�HXURSHQH܈�L�ODVă�VDUFLQD�DWUDJHULL�GH�IRQGXUL܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�GH�SURJUDPH�SH�VHDPD�DXWRULWă܊LORU�ORFDOH���L�21*�XULORU��3kQă�DFXP܈ vQVă�� H¿FLHQ܊D�HIRUWXULORU� GHSXVH� �L܈ D� VWUDWHJLL�ORU�SROLWLFLORU� LGHQWL¿FDWH�D� UDPDV�QHFODUă��1X�VH�FXQRD܈WH�VXVWHQDELOLWDWHD�LQWHUYHQ܊LLORU܈�L�HVWH�HYLGHQWă�OLSVD�XQRU�HIRUWXUL�LQWHJUDWH�vQ�DERUGDUHD�SUR�EOHPHORU�DFHVWHL�HWQLL��*kQGLQGX�QH� OD� WLQHULL�DÀD܊L� vQ�DFHDVWă�VLWXD܊LH܈�L� OD�WHQGLQ܊D�HYLGHQWă�D� VWDNHKROGHULORU�GH�D�JăVL� VROX܊LL� SHQWUX�PHQ܊LQHUHD� ORU�vQ�VLVWHPXO�GH�HGXFD܊LH��R�SRVLELOă�VROX܊LH�SRW�¿�SURJUDPHOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ܈�FROL��FKLDU�LQWHJUDWH�vQ�FXUULFXOXP���VROX܊LL�FDUH�DX�GRYHGLW�XQ�LPSDFW�SR]LWLY�DVXSUD�GH]YROWăULL�WLQHULORU��DWkW�OD�QL�YHO�GH�DELOLWă܊L��FkW܈�L�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRQVWUXLUHD�XQHL�LGHQWLWă܊L�VăQăWRDVH��.DSODQ��6LQDL܈�L�)OXP��������

Page 40: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

&DS����$ERUGDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�SUDFWLFLORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�LQWHUQD܊LRQDOH����,QWURGXFHUH3UHRFXSDUHD� SHQWUX� LGHQWL¿FDUHD� XQRU� VWUDWHJLL� H¿FLHQWH� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�QX�HVWH�QHDSăUW�XQD� UHFHQWă��FL�PDL�GHJUDEă�XQD�SHUPDQHQWă�� 3XEOLFDUHD� UDSRUWXOXL� FX� SULYLUH� OD� HIHFWHOH� SURLHFWXOXL� +LJK�6FRSH�3HUU\�3UHVKRRO�3URMHFW܈�L�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL�+HDG�6WDUW�GLQ�6WDWHOH�8QLWH��6FKZHLQKDUW܈�L�FRODE���������DVXSUD�GH]YROWăULL�FRSLLORU�D�FRQVWLWXLW�XQ�SXQFW�GH�SRUQLUH�SHQWUX�UHJkQGLUHD�PRGXOXL�GH�DERUGDUH�D�SUHJăWLULL�FRSLLORU܈�L�WL�QHULORU�SHQWUX�YLD܊ă��,PSDFWXO�SH�FDUH�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��GH�H[��DXWR�FRQWUROXO��FXULR]LWDWHD��ÀXLGLWDWHD�VRFLDOă��vO�DX�DVXSUD�HGXFD܊LHL��YHQL�WXULORU��FULPLQDOLWă܊LL܈�L�UHX܈LWHORU�vQ�YLD܊ă��6FKZHLQKDUW��������DX�DFFHQWXDW܈�L�PDL�PXOW�LPSRUWDQ܊D�FHQWUăULL�SH�QHYRLOH�FRSLLORU�vQ�SURFHVXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO��'H�DVHPHQHD��VWXGLXO�'XQHGLQ��VWXGLX�ORQJLWXGLQDO�UHDOL]DW�vQ�1RXD�=HHODQGă��DUDWă�Fă�DXWR�FRQWUROXO�HVWH�XQ�SUHGLFWRU�SXWHUQLF�SHQWUX�VăQăWDWH��VWDELOLWDWH�¿QDQFLDUă܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQW�GHOLFYHQW�OD�YkUVWD�DGXOWă��0RI¿WW܈�L�FRODE����������$QDOL]D�OLWHUDWXULL�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�DUDWă�Fă�SkQă�vQ�SUH]HQW�DX�IRVW�GH]YROWD�WH�PXOWLSOH�SURJUDPH� OD�QLYHO�PRQGLDO�� FDUH�DX� vQFHUFDW�Vă�GH]YROWH�GLIHUL�WH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�OD�FRSLL��SHQWUX�D�DVLJXUD�DFHVWRUD��GH�H[HPSOX��R�FUH܈WHUH�D�SHUIRUPDQ܊HL�DFDGHPLFH��R� UHGXFHUH�D�SUREOHPHORU�HPR܊LRQDOH��GH�LQWHUQDOL]DUH܈�L�H[WHUQDOL]DUH���R�FUH܈WHUH�D�LPSOLFăULL�vQ�FRPX�QLWDWH܈�L�D�VWăULL�GH�ELQH��R�VFăGHUH�D�DEVHQWHLVPXOXL܈�FRODU��D�FRQÀLFWHORU܈�L�D�LPSOLFăULL�vQ�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�GH�ULVF�HWF��0HWD�DQDOL]H�XOWHULRDUH�FDUH�DX�DYXW�FD�VFRS�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�H¿FDFLWă܊LL�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH��DX�VXEOLQLDW�XWLOLWDWHD�PDL�PXOWRU�FDWHJRULL�WLSXUL�GH�DVWIHO�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LL�GXSă�FXP�XUPHD]ă�

D��SURJUDPH�LQWHUYHQ܊LL� FX� FDUDFWHU� XQLYHUVDO� �HQJO�� universal school-based SEL programs��FDUH�VH�DGUHVHD]ă�WXWXURU�FRSLLORU�GLQ܈�FROL��IăUă�FD�DFH܈WLD�Vă�SUH]LQWH�SUREOHPH�VSHFL¿FH��*UHHQEHUJ܈�L�FRODE���������'XUODN܈�L�FRODE���������6NODG܈�L�FRODE���������

E��SURJUDPH� VSHFL¿FH� �VFKRRO�EDVHG� LQGLFDWHG� SURJUDPV��� FDUH� VXQW�DGUHVDWH�FRSLLORU�FDUH�PDQLIHVWă�ULVF�VSHFL¿F�SHQWUX�SUREOHPH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH��'XUODN܈�L�:HLVVEHUJ��������3D\WRQ܈�L�FRODE���������

F��SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�HQJO��after-school �'XUODN܈�L�FRODE���������

'DWRULWă�FUH܈WHULL�H[SRQHQ܊LDOH�D�QXPăUXOXL�GH�SURJUDPH�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU� VRFLDOH� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOH�� GDU� �L܈ D� LPSOLFăULL� PDL�PXOWRU� DJHQ܊L�

Page 41: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�VWDNHKROGHUV�� vQ�FRQFHSHUHD܈�L� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�DFHVWRUD��PLQLVWHUH��21*�XUL�� IDFXOWă܊L� GH� SUR¿O�� FHQWUH� GH� FHUFHWDUH��� vQ� DFHVW�PRPHQW� SXWHP� YRUEL�GHVSUH�R�VFKLPEDUH�X܈RDUă�GH�SDUDGLJPă�vQ�SURLHFWDUHD܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�DFHVWRU� SURJUDPH��$VWIHO�� GDFă� OD� vQFHSXW�� SURJUDPHOH� HUDX� DSOLFDWH� SHQ�WUX� LQWHUYHQ܊LD� VDX� SUHYHQ܊LD� DQXPLWRU� SUREOHPH� VSHFL¿FH� �H[�� UHGXFHUHD�DJUHVLYLWă܊LL��FUH܈WHUHD�SHUIRUPDQ܊HL�DFDGHPLFH�HWF����FRQIRUP�VWXGLLORU�DFWX�DOH�SURJUDPHOH�FHOH�PDL�H¿FLHQWH�SDU�Vă�¿H�FHOH�FDUH�DGRSWă��LQFOXG��SDUDGLJ�PHOH�HQJO��Ä5HVSRQVLYH�FODVVURRP´��5LPP�.DXIPDQ��)DQ��&KLX��<RX���������HQJO��„a whole school approach”��1LHOVHQ��0HLOVWUXS��1HODXVHQ��.RXVKHGH��+ROVWHLQ�� ������ +DPHGDQL�� 'DUOLQJ�+DPPRQG�� ������� HQJO�� Responsive Classroom Approach HVWH� R� SDUDGLJPă� ED]DWă� SH� GRYH]L� �L¿FH܊WLLQ܈ FDUH�VXV܊LQ�QHYRLD܈�L�H¿FLHQ܊D�LQWHJUăULL�vQYă܊ăULL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�vQ�UHX܈LWD�DFDGHPLFă��ÌQ�DFHDVWă�DERUGDUH��FDGUXO�GLGDFWLF�FUHHD]ă�vQ�FODVă�XQ�FOLPDW�HGXFD܊LRQDO�vQ�FDUH�HOHYXO�VH܈�LPWH�vQ�VLJXUDQ܊ă��H[SHULHQ܊LD]ă�HPR܊LL�SR]L�WLYH��DUH�VHQWLPHQWXO�GH�DSDUWHQHQ܊ă�OD�JUXS܈�L�VH�LPSOLFă�DFWLY�vQ�SURFHVXO�GH� vQYă܊DUH�� &X� DOWH� FXYLQWH�� HVWH� XQ� FOLPDW� FDUH� UăVSXQGH� QHYRLORU� VDOH��$ERUGDUHD�HQJO��„Whole School”�HVWH�PDL�GHJUDEă�R�¿ORVR¿H܈�L�R�PLVLXQH�D��L¿F��GH�D�LQWHJUD�QX�GRDU�OD�QLYHO�GH�FXUULFXOD�GLIH܊WLLQ܈�FROLORU��IXQGDPHQWDWă܈ULWH�DVSHFWH�DOH�PHGLXOXL�HGXFD܊LRQDO��GH�H[��VLJXUDQ܊D��vQYă܊DUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�HWF����FL�OD�QLYHOXO�vQWUHJLL�FRPXQLWă܊L܈�FRODUH��3ULQFLSLXO�IXQGDPHQ�WDO�SH�FDUH�VH�ED]HD]ă�DFHDVWă�DERUGDUH�HVWH�IDSWXO�Fă�vQ�HGXFDUHD�FRSLLORU��L�IDF܊L�GH�FHLODO܈�LQXW�FRQW�QX�GRDU�GH�FHHD�FH�VH�SUHGă��FL܊�L�WLQHULORU�WUHEXLH܈WRUL�FDUH�LQÀXHQ܊HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD��GH�H[��FDSDFLWDWHD�LQVWLWX܊LRQDOă��FXOWXUD��L�SURFWLYă��PHGLXO�¿]LF܈�FRODUă�VXSRUWLYă܈ vQ�FDUH�DUH� ORF� vQYă܊DUHD�� UHOD܊LD��LORU�V�D܊L�DGROHVFHQ܈�LORU܊FRDOă�IDPLOLH�FRPXQLWDWH���ÌQ�FD]XO�SUH�DGROHVFHQ܈RSWDW�SHQWUX�LQWHJUDUHD�vQ�FXUULFXOXPXO�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�D�SULQFLSLLORU�GH]YROWăULL�SR]LWLYH��SRVLWLYH�\RXWK�GHYHORSPHQW�IUDPHZRUN�܈�L�D� vQYă܊ăULL� GH� WLS� HQJO�� ÄVHUYLFH� OHDUQLQJ´� �=LQV��%ORRGZRUWK��:HLVVEHUJ�� �L܈:DOEHUJ��������&KXQJ��0RRUH�0F%ULGH���������7RWRGDWă��R�VHULH�GH�UDSRDUWH��������L�$QVHO܈�*DEULHOL��L�VWXGLL�UHFHQWH܈�.ODSS��/HYLQ��=DQGHU��������&DVHO��������VXEOLQLD]ă� WRW�PDL�PXOW� UROXO�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�SHQWUX� LQWHJUD�UHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�LQWHJUDUHD�SH�SLD܊D�IRU܊HL�GH�PXQFă��&HUFHWăULOH�GLQ�XOWLPLL�DQL�DUDWă�Fă�FHL�PDL�PXO܊L�DQJDMDWRUL�� LQGLIHUHQW�GH�GRPHQLX��DSUHFLD]ă�FD�¿LQG�HVHQ܊LDOH�OD�DQJDMD܊LL�ORU�DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�FRPXQLFDUH��PXQFD�vQ�HFKLSă��DWLWXGL�QHD�SR]LWLYă��HWLFD�PXQFLL��DGDSWDELOLWDWHD܈�L�DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�DVFXOWD܈�L�vQYă܊D��*DEULHOL��$QVHO܈�L�.UDFKPDQ��������

7RFPDL� GDWRULWă� DFHVWHL� VFKLPEăUL� UHFHQWH� GH� SDUDGLJPă�� vQ� JULOD� GH� DQD�OL]D� D� SROLWLFLORU� �L܈ SURJUDPHORU� SVLKRHGXFD܊LRQDOH� FDUH� �LQWHVF܊ GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DX�IRVW�LQFOXVH�XUPăWRDUHOH�FULWHULL�

�� ,GHQWL¿FDUHD�XQRU�GRFXPHQWH�FDUH�Vă�SUH]LQWH�HYROX܊LD�DERUGăULL�GH�WLS�6(/�vQ�GLYHUVH܊�ăUL��GLQ�]RQH�JHRJUD¿FH�GLIHULWH܈�L�FX�QLYHOH�GH�GH]YROWD�

Page 42: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

UH�VRFLR�HFRQRPLFă�YDULDWH���SHQWUX�D�JăVL�H[HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL�OD�QLYHO�GH�SROLWLFL�SXEOLFH��GH�H[��vQ�HGXFD܊LH�܈�L�GLUHF܊LL�GH�IRUPDUH�SHQWUX�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL��ÌQ�DFHVW�VHQV��DP�IRVW�OLPLWD܊L�OD�VXUVHOH܈�L�LQIRUPD܊LLOH�UHOHYDQWH�JăVLWH�vQ�VSHFLDO�vQ�GRFXPHQWHOH�SXEOLFDWH�vQ�OLPED�HQJOH]ă�

�� ,GHQWL¿FDUHD� XQRU� SURJUDPH� H¿FLHQWH� SHQWUX� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L��DUWLFROH�GLQ�OLWHUDWXUD�GH�VSHFLD�OLWDWH��GRFXPHQWH�LQWHUQD܊LRQDOH��FX�VFRSXO�GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�FRQGL܊LLOH܈�L�FULWHULLOH� GH� LPSOHPHQWDUH��PRGDOLWă܊LOH� GH� HYDOXDUH� DOH� SURJUDPHORU��$P�XUPăULW܈�L�DFHVWH�DVSHFWH��DVWIHO�FD�SDFKHWXO�GH�DFWLYLWă܊L�SUDFWLFH��7RRONLW�XO��SURSXV�vQ�FDGUXO�PDL�ODUJ�DO�DFHVWXL�SURLHFW�Vă�¿H�XQXO�FRP�SOH[��XWLO܈�L�FDUH�Vă�UăVSXQGă�XQRU�QHYRL�UHDOH�DOH�WLQHULORU�GLQ�5RPkQLD��

ÌQ� ED]D� DFHVWRU� FRQVLGHUHQWH�� LQIRUPD܊LLOH� RE܊LQXWH� GLQ� ED]HOH� GH� GDWH���L¿FH܊WLLQ܈ GLQ� GLYHUVH� SXEOLFD܊LL�� RIHULWH� GH� 21*�XUL� �H[�� )XQGD܊LD� %RWLQ��&$6(/��DX�IRVW�JUXSDWH�vQ�GRXă�PDUL�FDWHJRULL��SHQWUX�¿HFDUH܊�DUă�vQ�SDUWH��D��FRQWH[WXO�JHQHUDO��FRQWH[W�SROLF\��vQ�FDUH�DP�LQFOXV�UHIHULUL�FRQFLVH܈�L�FRQ�WUDVH�GHVSUH�SROLWLFLOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��DVSHFWH�FDUH�DX�GHWHUPLQDW܈�L�DX�VXV܊LQXW�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�WLS�6(/�vQ܈�FROL��E��H[HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL�vQ�FDUH�DP�LQFOXV�DWkW�SURJUDPH�VSHFL¿FH��GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�VDX�SUHYHQ܊LH��SX�EOLFDWH� vQ�DUWLFROH܈�WLLQ܊L¿FH��FkW܈�L�SURJUDPH� LPSOHPHQWDWH� OD�QLYHO�GH܈�FROL�VDX�FHQWUH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��GDU�FDUH܈�L�DX�GRYHGLW�XWLOLWDWHD܈�L�VXQW�UHFXQRVFXWH�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��'LQ�PRWLYH�GH�RUGLQ�SUDFWLF��DP�DOHV�Vă�SUH]HQWăP�GDWHOH�SULQ�SUH]HQDWUHD܊�ăULORU�vQ�RUGLQH�DOIDEHWLFă��LDU�SHQWUX�R�JULOă�PDL�X܈RDUă�GH�OHFWXUă�D�SURJUDPHORU�PHQ܊LRQDWH��DP�VXPDUL]DW�GHVFULHUHD�ORU�vQ�WDEHOXO����,QIRUPD܊LL�PDL�GHWDOLDWH�VH�UHJăVHVF�vQ�$QH[D���

Page 43: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

7DEHO������3UH]HQWDUHD�VLQWHWLFă�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUHD�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

$IULFD�GH�Sud

$ELOLWăʕL�GH�YLDʕă

�6XQW�OHFʕLL�FDUH�VH�DGUHVHD]ă�HOHYLORU�GH�FLFOX�SULPDU��6H�UHDOL]HD]ă�R�GDWă�SH�VăSWăPkQă�

�±���DQL 6WDUH�GH�ELQH�VRFLDOă�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOă�

7UăLQG�YLHʕL�IHULFLWH�ʓL�VăQăWRDVH�

&RSDFXO�YLHʕLL�

�3URJUDPXO�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�SULQFLSLLOH�FRPXQLFăULL�QRQ�YLROHQWH��5RVHQEHUJ��������ʓL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL�-RXUQH\�±�&RQVFLRXV�&ODVVURRP¶��%D\V��������

��±���DQL &RPXQLFDUH�QRQ�YLROHQWă�([SULPDUHD�HPRʕLLORU�$ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�3HUIRUPDQʕD�DFDGHPLFă�

'D�

(GXFDʕLD�VRFLDOă�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOă�vQ�ʓFROL�6WHLQHU��:DOGRUI

�6(/�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�LQGLUHFW��SULQ�GLYHUVH�DFWLYLWăʕL��FD�GH�H[HPSOX�JUăGLQăULW��VDX�GLUHFW��H[��OHFʕLL�SHQWUX�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�HPRʕLLORU���$ERUGDUHD�KROLVWLFă�XWLOL]DWă�vQ�ʓFROL�SUHVXSXQH�UHDOL]DUHD�XQRU�DFWLYLWăʕL�SHQWUX�SăULQʕL��([LVWă�FXUVXUL�GH�VSHFLDOL]DUH�REOLJDWRULL�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��DGDSWDWH�QLYHOHORU�GH�YkUVWă�DOH�FRSLLORU��WLQHULORU�FX�FDUH�OXFUHD]ă�

���±���DQL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH��5H]LOLHQʕă�

Page 44: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

$UJHQWLQD (PRWLRQDO�(GXFDWLRQ�3URJUDP

�,QWHJUDW�vQ�FXUULFXOXP��HQJO��School based, whole

school approach���,QFOXGH�SURJUDP�GH�IRUPDUH�ʓL�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��3HQWUX�¿HFDUH�FRPSHWHQʕă�VXQW�SURSXVH�RELHFWLYH�ʓL�DELOLWăʕL�VSHFL¿FH��DGDSWDWH�YkUVWHL�

�±���DQL $XWR�FRQʓWLHQWL]DUH�HPRʕLRQDOă�5HJODUH�HPRʕLRQDOă�(PSDWLH�$ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�

'D�

1X�SRʕL�vQYăʕD�VDX�FUHʓWH�IăUă�DIHFʕLXQH

�3URJUDP�DGUHVDW�FRSLLORU�DÀDʕL�vQ�VLWXDʕLL�GH�ULVF��QLYHO�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF�VFă]XW��SăULQʕL�IăUă�RFXSDʕLH��YLROHQʕă�ʓL�DEX]�vQ�IDPLOLH��FRQVXP�GH�VXEVWDQʕă���SăULQʕLORU�ʓL�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��3ăULQʕLL�SDUWLFLSă�OD�WUDLQLQJXUL�GH�PDQDJHPHQW�HPRʕLRQDO��,QWHJUDW�vQ�FXUULFXOXPXO�ʓFRODU�6SHFLDOLʓWLL�VSULMLQă�vQ�PRG�FRQVWDQW�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�

�±���DQL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�6WUDWHJLL�GH�FRSLQJ$WDʓDPHQWXO�)XQFʕLLOH�H[FXWLYH�&DSDFLWDWHD�OLQJYLVWLFă�D�FRSLLORU�

'D�

3URJUDPXO�SHQWUX�FOLPDW�HPRʕLRQDO�SR]LWLY�vQ�FODVă

�(VWH�XQ�VHW�GH�PDWHULDOH��DFWLYLWăʕL��FăUʕL�GH�SRYHʓWL��PDQXDO��SHQWUX�SURIHVRUL��SHGDJRJL��SʓLKRSHGDJRJL��&DGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�SDUWLFLSă�OD�FXUVXUL�GH�IRUPDUH�QHFHVDUH�SHQWUX�XWLOL]DUHD�SURJUDPXOXL��ÌQ�SURJUDP�VXQW�PDWHULDOH�FDUH�VH�SRW�IRORVL�FX�FRSLLL�OD�FODVă��LDU�DOWHOH�vQ�DFWLYLWăʕLOH�LQGLYLGXDOH�

�±��DQL 6WLPD�GH�VLQH��$XWRQRPLD�$ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�0HWDFRJQLʕLD��$XWRUHJODUH�HPRʕLRQDOă�

'D�

Page 45: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

$XVWUDOLD 0LQG0DWWHUV �(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�WLS�HQJO��whole school approach�FDUH�SRDWH�¿�IRORVLW�vQ�SURPRYDUHD�VăQăWăʕLL�PHQWDOH��GDU�ʓL�SHQWUX�LQWHUYHQʕLD�ʓL�SUHYHQʕLD�vQ�DFHVW�GRPHQLX��&DGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�SDUWLFLSă�OD�FXUVXUL�GH�IRUPDUH�ʓL�DX�OD�GLVSR]LʕLH�UHVXUVH�YDULDWH�SHQWUX�DFWLYLWăʕLOH�LQGLYLGXDOH�ʓL�GH�JUXS��3URJUDPXO�HVWH�DGUHVDW�WLQHULORU��SăULQʕLORU��FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�

��±���DQL $XWR�FRQʓWLHQWL]DUH$XWR�PDQDJHPHQW&RQʓWLHQWL]DUH�VRFLDOă�$ELOLWăʕL�GH�UHODʕLRQDUH�5H]LOLHQʕD��'HFL]LL�UHVSRQVDELOH�

.LGV0DWWHU �(VWH�R�DERUGDUH�GH�WLS�HQJO��whole school approach��FDUH�SURPRYHD]ă�VWDUHD�GH�VăQăWDWH�PHQWDOă�D�FRSLLORU�GLQ�FLFOXO�SULPDU��3URJUDPXO�RIHUă�IRUPDUH�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��PDWHULDOH�ʓL�LQVWUXPHQWH�QHFHVDUH�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�FX�FRSLLL��SăULQʕLL��VHUYLFLLOH�VRFLDOH�HWF���5HVXUVHOH�ʓL�PDWHULDOH�VXQW�DGDSWDWH�DWkW�SHQWUX�FXOWXUD�QDWLYLORU�DXVWUDOLHQL��FkW�ʓL�D�FHORU�GLQ�6WUkPWRDUHD�7RUUHV��DERULJHQL��

�±���DQL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�0RWLYDʕLH�5H]LOLHQʕD��5H]ROYDUHD�FRQÀLFWHORU�0DQDJHPHQW�FRPSRUWDPHQWDO�

'D�

6HDVRQV�IRU�*URZWK

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�LQWHUYHQʕLH�DGUHVDW�FRSLLORU�FDUH�H[SHULHQʕLD]ă�GXUHUHD�HPRʕLRQDOă��$FWLYLWăʕLOH�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�vQ�JUXSXUL�PLFL�GH�FRSLL��IDFLOLWDWH�GH�XQ�DGXOW��3URJUDPXO�HVWH�VWUXFWXUDW�SH���QLYHOXUL�DGDSWDWH�YkUVWHORU�

�±���DQL 5H]LOLHQʕD��6WDUHD�GH�ELQH�HPRʕLRQDOă�ʓL�VRFLDOă�&RPXQLFDUH��6WLPă�GH�VLQH�ÌQFUHGHUH�vQ�VLQH��

'D�

Page 46: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

$XVWULD 6WDUH�GH�ELQH ��3URJUDPXO�DUH�FD�ʓL�IRFXV�GH]YROWDUHD�EXQăVWăULL�JHQHUDOH�ʓL�D�IHULFLULL��HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�VSHFL¿F����(VWH�LPSOHPHQWDW�LQ�DSUR[�����GH�ʓFROL�ʓL�JUăGLQLʕH�

�±���DQL (PSDWLH�$OWUXLVP�2SWLPLVP��6WDUHD�GH�ELQH�¿]LFă�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOă�&RPXQLFDUHD�6LQHOH�VRFLDO�/XDUHD�GHFL]LLORU�

'D�

.R6R��FRPXQLFDUH�ʓL�FRPSHWHQʕH�VRFLDOH

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�LPSOHPHQWDW�vQ�PDL�PXOWH�ʓFROL�ʓL�ʕăUL��$XVWULD��*HUPDQLD��(OYHʕLD���(VWH�R�PDWHULH�GLVWLQFWă�FDUH�SRDWH�¿�DOHDVă�FD�PDWHULH�GH�H[DPHQ�OD�VIkUʓLWXO�ʓFRODULWăʕLL��&DGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�SDUWLFLSă�OD�XQ�SURJUDP�LQWHQVLY�GH�IRUPDUH��HL�¿LQG�FHL�GH�FDUH�GHSLQGH�H¿FLHQʕD�SURJUDPXOXL�

��±���DQL &RPXQLFDUH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOă&DSDFLWDWHD�GH�OXDUH�D�GHFL]LLORU�

ʒFRDOD�6FKXOHULQQHQ

�9DORULOH�SURPRYDWH�GH�ʓFRDOă�VXQW�QRQ�YLROHQʕD��UHVSHFWXO��XQLFLWDWHD�SHUVRDQHL��6FRSXULOH�DFDGHPLFH�VXQW�GLVFXWDWH�ʓL�VWDELOLWH�FX�¿HFDUH�HOHY�vQ�SDUWH��3ăULQʕLL�VXQW�LPSOLFDʕL�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�ʓFRODUă�ʓL�FRQWULEXLH�OD�UHDOL]DUHD�GLIHULWHORU�SURLHFWH�

�±���DQL 0XQFă�vQ�HFKLSă��DELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�HQJO��Lidership��6WLPD�GH�VLQH�5H]ROYDUHD�GH�SUREOHPH�&UHDWLYLWDWH�ʓL�ÀH[LELOLWDWH�

Page 47: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

&DQDGD )RFXV�RQ�%XOO\LQJ

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�VSHFL¿F�GH�SUHYHQʕLH�FDUH�FXSULQGH�PDWHULDOH�vQ�VSHFLDO�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��SURIHVRUL�GH�VSULMLQ��SHUVRQDOXO�DGPLQLVWUDWLY�ʓL�GH�FRQGXFHUH�GLQ�ʓFROL�

&RSLL�ʓL�DGROHVFHQʕL

5H]ROYDUHD�FRQÀLFWHORU&RPXQLFDUH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOă&RPSHWHQʕH�VRFLDOH

'D�

5RRWV�RI�(PSDW\

�3URJUDP�GH�LQWHUYHQʕLH�SULPDUă�vQ�FDUH�HOHYLL�REVHUYă�ʓL�DQDOL]HD]ă�VWDGLLOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�DOH�DQWHSUHʓFRODULORU��3URJUDPXO�HVWH�GHUXODW�GH�XQ�LQVWUXFWRU�VSHFLDOL]DW�5R(�ʓL�LPSOLFă�LQWHUDFʕLXQL�FX�SăULQʕLL�DQWHSUHʓFRODULORU�

�±���DQL 5HGXFHUHD�DJUHVLYLWăʕLL�&RPSRUWDPHQWH�SUR�VRFLDOH�ÌQʕHOHJHUHD�ʓL�H[SULPDUHD�HPRʕLLORU�

'D�

&HQWUXO�HGXFDʕLRQDO�Whytecliff

3URJUDPXO�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�DERUGDUHD�UHODʕLRQDOă��IRFXVXO�¿LQG�SH�FUHDUHD�XQRU�UHODʕLL�VXSRUWLYH�ʓL�GH�UHVSHFW�UHFLSURF�

*UXSXUL�YXOQHUDELOH

$ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH

'D�

'DQHPDUFD Up �(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�WLS�HQJO��whole-school approach��,QFOXGH�DFWLYLWăʕL�GH�IRUPDUH�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��,PSOLFă�SăULQʕLL�ʓL�FRPXQLWDWHD�vQ�DFWLYLWăʕL�

��±���DQL &RPSHWHQʕH�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH

'D�

*UăGLQLʕD�ʓL�FUHʓD�By

the Road

�,PSOLFDUH�FUHVFXWă�ʓL�FRRSHUDUH�FX�SăULQʕLL��/LSVHVF�FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�SXQLWLYH�ʓL�GLVFULPLQDWRULL�IDʕă�GH�FRSLLL�FX�SUREOHPH�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW�

���±��DQL 6WLPD�GH�VLQH�ÌQFUHGHUH�vQ�VLQH�,QGHSHQGHQʕD�(PSDWLD�5H]ROYDUHD�FRQÀLFWHORU�([SULPDUHD�HPRʕLLORU�

)RUHVW�.LQGHUJDUWHQ

$FWLYLWăʕL�JKLGDWH�vQ�QDWXUă��SăGXUH�

3UHʓFRODUL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH 'D

2XVW�0ROOH�6FKRRO

�$FFHQWXO�DFWLYLWăʕLORU�VH�SXQH�SH�IDPLOLH��FRQVLGHUDWă�D�¿�RULJLQHD�SUREOHPHORU��3ăULQʕLL�VXQW�LPSOLFDʕL�DFWLY�vQ�DFWLYLWăʕL��vQYDʕă�Vă�vʓL�H[SULPH�HPRʕLLOH�ʓL�Vă�JăVHDVFă�VWUDWHJLL�H¿FLHQWH�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�FRSLLORU�

&RSLL�FX�SUREOHPH�HPRʕLRQDOH�±���DQL

$ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH

Page 48: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

(OYHʕLD 3)$'(��PATHS

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�SUHYHQʕLH�HQJO��school-based��,QFOXGH�SURJUDP�GH�IRUPDUH�ʓL�FRDFKLQJ�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��,PSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPXOXL�HVWH�DWHQW�PRQLWRUL]DWă�

�±���DQL 'H]YROWDUHD�DELOLWăʕLORU�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�5H]ROYDUHD�GH�SUREOHPH�$XWR�FRQWURO��

'D�

)LQODQGD 3URJUDP�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWăʕLORU�¿]LFH�OD�SUHʓFRODUL

3URJUDPXO�LQFOXGH�DFWLYLWăʕL�GH�PLʓFDUH�ʓL�D�IRVW�HODERUDW�vPSUHXQă�FX�&$6(/

3UHʓFRODUL 5HFXQRDʓWHUHD�HPRʕLLORU�SURSULL�&RRSHUDUH�&RPXQLFDUH��$VFXOWDUH�DFWLYH�5HVSRQVDELOLWDWH��

'D�

08.$9$ �6WUXFWXUDW�vQ���PRGXOH��SURLHFWH��,QFOXGH�XQ�PRGXO�GH�IRUPDUH�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�

ʒFRODUL 5HGXFHUHD�SUREOHPHORU�GH�LQWHUQDOL]DUH�ʓL�D�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�DJUHVLYH�&UHʓWHUHD�PRWLYDʕLHL�SHQWUX�ʓFRDOă�&RODERUDUH�ʓFRDOă�IDPLOLH��

'D�

.L9D �(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�VSHFL¿F�GH�LQWHUYHQʕLH�DQWL�EXOOLQJ��LPSOHPHQWDW�vQ�PDMRULWDWHD�ʓFROLORU�¿QODQGH]H��,QFOXGH�DFWLYLWăʕL��MRFXUL��YLUWXDOH�

�±���DQL (PSDWLH��$XWR�H¿FDFLWDWH��6WUDWHJLL�GH�FRSLQJ�

Page 49: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

,VUDHO /LPEDMXO�JLUDIHL

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�RSʕLRQDO��3ăULQʕLL�VXQW�LPSOLFDʕL�DFWLY�SULQ�XUPăULUHD�PRGXOXL�vQ�FDUH�FRSLLL�FRPXQLFă�vQ�GLYHUVH�VLWXDʕLL��SUH]LQWă�ÄFRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�GH�JLUDIă´�DOH�FRSLLORU�

3UHʓFRODUL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�,QWHOLJHQʕă�HPRʕLRQDOă�&RPXQLFDUH�DVHUWLYă�

'D�

3URLHFWXO�Ya Salam

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�FRPXQ�DGUHVDW�FRSLLORU�LVUDHOLHQL�ʓL�DUDEL��VSULMLQLW�GH�0LQLVWHU�ʓL�¿QDQʕDW�vQ�PDUH�SDUWH�GH�XQ�21*��,PSOHPHQWDW�vQ�UHJLXQHD�+DLID�

(OHYL�GH�JLPQD]LX

&RPXQLFDUH�$FFHSWDUHD�QHFRQGLʕLRQDWă�5HJODUH�HPRʕLRQDOă�$VHUWLYLWDWH��

��

ʒFRDOD�0RXQW�&DUPHO

�ʒFRDOD�SXQH�DFFHQWXO�SH�QHYRLOH�SHUVRQDOH�DOH�FRSLLORU�PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�PDMRULWDWHD�HOHYLORU�FX�SUREOHPH�SULPHVF�FRQVLOLHUH�SVLKRORJLFă�ʓL�DX�SODQXUL�SHUVRQDOL]DWH�GH�LQWHUYHQʕLH��6H�XWLOL]HD]ă�DERUGDUHD�1HXUR�'HYHORSPHQWDO�)XQFWLRQ�$SSURDFK��5DPL�.DW]�

'H]YROWDUH�PRWRULH��VHQ]RULDOă��VRFLDOă

Page 50: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

0DUHD�%ULWDQLH

ʒFRDOD�+HOH¶V �6($/�HVWH�LQWHJUDW�vQ�FXUULFXOXP��ʓFRDOD�D�IRVW�LQFOXVă�vQ�ORWXO�GH�WHVWDUH�DO�6($/�OD�QLYHO�JLPQD]LDO��ʒFRDOD�DUH�XQ�GHSDUWDPHQW�GH�VSULMLQ�DO�HOHYLORU��FDUH�SURSXQH�VWUDWHJLL�GH�LQWHUYHQʕLH�UHVSHFWDWH�GH�vQWUHDJD�FRPXQLWDWH�ʓFRODUă��6H�DFRUGă�R�LPSRUWDQʕă�FUHVFXWă�IRUPăULL�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��HYDOXăULORU�LQWHUFROHJLDOH��VFKLPEXOXL�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL��6H�XUPăUHʓWH�FRQVWDQW�LQWHJUDUHD�vQ�FODVHOH�QRUPDOH�D�HOHYLORU�FX�GL¿FXOWăʕL�

��±���DQL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�&OLPDW�HGXFDʕLRQDO�SR]LWLY��&RPXQLFDUH�H¿FLHQWă�

'D�

ʒFRDOD�SULPDUă�*DOOLRQV

�ʒFRDOD�XWLOL]HD]ă�SURJUDPXO�3�&��HQJO��Philosophy

for Children –�GH]YROWDW�GH�0��/LSPDQ���6H�DGUHVHD]ă�FRSLLORU�FDUH�SURYLQ�GLQ�PHGLL�VRFLR�HFRQRPLFH�SUHFDUH��8Q�DFFHQW�GHRVHELW�HVWH�DFRUGDW�DUWHORU�

�±���DQL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�$ELOLWăʕL�GH�JkQGLUH�&RQʓWLHQWL]DUH�VRFLDOă�

:HOOLQJWRQ�&ROOHJH

�'H]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOă�HVWH�LQFOXVă�vQ�FXUULFXOXPXO�ʓFRODU�VXE�IRUPD�XQXL�SURJUDP�GLVWLQFW�

��±���DQL )HULFLUH�5H]LOLHQʕă��,PSOLFDUH�FLYLFă�

Page 51: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

0DOWD 1XUWXUH�&ODVVHV

�3URJUDP�GH�SUHYHQʕLH�ʓL�LQWHUYHQʕLH�WLPSXULH�SHQWUX�FRSLLL�GLQ�JUXSXULOH�YXOQHUDELOH��VWDWXW�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF�VFă]XW��ʓL�FRSLLL�FX�SUREOHPH�VRFLDOH��HPRʕLRQDOH�ʓL�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW��,PSOLFă�R�FRODERUDUH�VWUkQVă�vQWUH�VSHFLDOLVWXO�1&�ʓL�SăULQʕLL�ʓL�SURIHVRUXO�GH�OD�FODVă��3UHVXSXQH�DFWLYLWăʕL�VSHFL¿FH�HQJO��Circle time��$FWLYLWăʕLOH�VH�GHUXOHD]ă�GH�FăWUH�VDX�vPSUHXQă�FX�XQ�VSHFLDOLVW�vQ�1&�ʓL�GH]YROWDUH�6(�

�±���DQL 6HFXULWDWHD�HPRʕLRQDOă��$ELOWăʕL�HPRʕLRQDOH�ʓL�VRFLDOH�5HODʕLL�SR]LWLYH�FX�FHLODOʕL�$FFHSWDUH�QHFRQGLʕLRQDWă�0DQDJHPHQWXO�FRQÀLFWHORU�&RPXQLFDUH�

'D

&ROHJLXO�6W�0DUWLQ

�8WLOL]HD]ă�R�IRUPă�DGDSWDWă�D�SURJUDPXOXL�36+(��ʒFRDOD�DUH�XQ�JUXS�GHGLFDW�FDUH�VH�RFXSă�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�6(/��JUXSXO�3&7���$FRUGă�R�DWHQʕLH�VSRULWă�RUHORU�GH�HGXFDʕLH�¿]LFă�ʓL�DUWH��ʒFRDOD�RIHUă�SURJUDP�GH�HQJO��coaching�SHQWUX�SăULQʕL�

��±���DQL $XWRFRQʓWLHQWL]DUH�/XDUHD�GH�GHFL]LL�UHVSRQVDELOH�&RPXQLFDUH�ʓL�UHODʕLRQDUH�$XWRUHJODUH��0XQFD�vQ�HFKLSă�

0H[LF $0,67$'�3DUD�ʒLHPSUH3URJUDPPH

�3URJUDPXO�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�SULQFLSLLOH�&%7�ʓL�33��,QFOXGH�VHVLXQL�GH�LQIRUPDUH�D�SăULQʕLORU��1HFHVLWă�IRUPDUHD�SUHDODELOă�D�SHUVRDQHORU�FDUH�DSOLFă�SURJUDPXO��(VWH�R�DGDSWDUH�D�SURJUDPXOXL�)5,(1'6�IRU�OLIH�

4+ 5H]LOLHQʕD�$ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�5HGXFHUHD�DQ[LHWăʕLL�ʓL�GHSUHVLHL��

'D

'H]YROWDUHD�LQWHOLJHQʕHL�SULQ�DUWă��PHWRGRORJLD�',$

�1HFHVLWă�IRUPDUHD�SUHDODELOă�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��6H�SRDWH�XWLOL]D�ʓL�vQ�FD]XO�FRSLLORU�FX�QHYRL�VSHFLDO��0HWRGRORJLD�SURLHFWXOXL�DUH�OD�ED]ă�HOHPHQWH�GLQ�Visual Thinking CurricXOXP�ʓL�GLQ�Proiectul Zero�DO�FHORU�GH�OD�+DUYDUG�

HOHYLL�GLQ�ʓFROLOH�SULPDUH�ʓL�OLFHX

,QWHOLJHQʕD�HPRʕLRQDOă�&RPXQLFDUHD�

'D

Page 52: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

1RUYHJLD =HUR �(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�SHQWUX�UHGXFHUHD�ʓL�SUHYHQLUHD�DJUHVLYLWăʕLL��3UHVXSXQH�LPSOLFDUHD�DFWLYă�D�SăULQʕLORU��FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�ʓL�HOHYLORU�vQ�GHUXODUHD�DFWLYLWăʕLORU��GH�H[��VWDELOLUHD�UHJXOLORU��

�±���DQL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�

$57���$JJUHVVLRQ�5HSODFHPHQW�7UDLQLQJ

�3URJUDP�KROLVWLF��HQJO��whole school approach���FDUH�SXQH�DFFHQWXO�SH�UHVWUXFWXUDUH�FRJQLWLYă��vQYăʕDUH�REVHUYDʕLRQDOă��6H�XWLOL]HD]ă�ʓL�vQ�FD]XO�FRSLLORU�FX�VLQGURP�$VSHUJHU��DXWLVP��SUREOHPH�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW��FkW�ʓL�vQ�GLYHUVH�PHGLL��(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�ÀH[LELO��DGDSWDELO��PRQLWRUL]DW�GH�8QLYHUVLWDWHD�GLQ�$JGHU�

�±���DQL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH��0DQDJHPHQWXO�IXULHL�*kQGLUHD�MXGHFDWD�PRUDOă��5HGXFHUHD�SUREOHPHORU�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH�$VHUWLYLWDWHD�

'D�

<RX�DQG�,�DQG�XV�7ZR

�8WLOL]DW�vQ�PDMRULWDWHD�JUăGLQLʕHORU�GLQ�1RUYHJLD��,QFOXGH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�IRUPDUH�D�SURIHVRULORU�SULYLQG�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLR�HPRʕLRQDOă�

�±��DQL &RPSHWHQʕH�VRFLDOH�5HVSRQVDELOLWDWH�0RUDOLWDWH�&RPSRUWDPHQWH�SURVRFLDOH��&RQWURO�HPRʕLRQDO�

'D

Page 53: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

1RXD�=HHODQGă

0LQGIXOQHVV�LQ�6FKRROV

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�HGXFDʕLRQDO�FDUH�DUH�FD�VFRS�LQWHJUDUHD�PLQGIXOQHVV�vQ�ʓFROL��3URJUDPXO�DUH���FRPSRQHQWH�FDUH�XUPăUHVF�VăQăWDWHD�¿]LFă��VSLULWXDOă��SVLKRORJLFă�ʓL�D�IDPLOLHL��(IHFWHOH�SURJUPXOXL�VH�YăG�DWkW�DVXSUD�HOHYLORU�FkW�ʓL�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��&DGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�SDUWLFLSă�OD�SURJUDPH�GH�IRUPDUH�

FRSLL�ʓL�DGXOʕL�WLQHUL

5HGXFHUHD�QLYHOXOXL�GH�VWUHV�ʓL�D�VLPSWRPHORU�GHSUHVLYH�ʓL�DQ[LRDVH�6WLPD�GH�VLQH�$FFHSWDUHD�GH�VLQH�$XWR�UHJODUHD�$ELOLWăʕLOH�VRFLDOH�

'D

0DWDXUDQJD�0DRUL

�3URJUDP�IXQGDPHQWDW�SH�WUDGLʕLLOH�ʓL�FXQRʓWLQʕHOH�LQGLJHQLORU��vQ�VSHFLDO�SROLQH]LHQL���3UHGDW�vQ�OLPED�PDWHUQă��ʒFRDOD�HVWH�Yă]XWă�FD�R�IDPLOLH�

�±���DQL $XWR�GHWHUPLQDUH�9DORUL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�PRUDOH�

�&RRO�6FKRROV��.LD�.DKD

�6XQW�SURJUDPH�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�UHGXFHUHD�IHQRPHQXOXL�GH�HQJO��bulling ʓL�HQJO��cyber-bulling��ÌQ�DPEHOH�SURJUDPH�VXQW�LPSOLFDʕL�SăULQʕLL�

�±���DQL 5HGXFHUHD�FRQÀLFWHORU�LQWHU�SHUVRQDOH�$ELOLWăʕL�HQJO��stay-safe�

'D�

2ODQGD 6NLOOV�IRU�OLIH �3URJUDPXO�HVWH�ED]DW�SH�WHRULD�OXL�%DQGXUD��vQYăʕDUHD�VRFLDOă��ʓL�D�OXL�(OOLV��WHRULD�UDʕLRQDO�HPRWLYă�

DGROHVFHQʕL $XWR�H¿FDFLWDWHD�&RPXQLFDUHD�JkQGXULORU��HPRʕLLORU��FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�vQ�VLWXDʕLL�FRQÀLFWXDOH�0DQDJHPHQWXO�IXULHL�

7KH�)OLQJ �-RF�HOHFWURQLF�DGUHVDW�LQ�VSHFLDO�DGROHVFHQʕLORU�FX�LVWRULF�GH�FRQVXP�GH�DOFRRO�

$GROHVFHQʕL &DSDFLWDWHD�GH�FRQWURO�FRPSRUWDPHQWDO

'D�

Page 54: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

3RUWXJDOLD (VFROD�GD�3RQWH��7KH�%ULGJH�6FKRRO�

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�WLS�HQJO��school –based��3ăULQʕLL�ʓL�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�VXQW�LPSOLFDWH�DFWLYH�

������DQL 6ROLGDULWDWH�$ERUGDUH�GHPRFUDWLFă�$XWRQRPLH�5HVSRQVDELOLWDWH�/LEHUWDWH�&RRSHUDUH�

(VFROD�GH�6HJXQGD�2SRUWXQLGDGH�GH�0DWRʓLQKR��7KH�0DWRʓLQKRV�6HFRQG�&KDQFH�6FKRRO�

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�LQWHJUDW�vQ�FXUULFXOXP��3ăULQʕLL�VXQW�LPSOLFDʕL�DFWLY�vQ�DFWLYLWăʕL�ʓL�GHFL]LLOH�ʓFROLL��(VWH�XQ�SURLHFW�VRFLDO�ʓL�FXOWXUDO�FDUH�vʓL�SURSXQH�LQVHUʕLD�SH�SLDʕD�PXQFLL�D�FHORU�FDUH�DX�DEDQGRQDW�ʓFRDOD��OD�RULFH�QLYHO�GH�ʓFRODUL]DUH��

��±���GH�DQL

$ELOLWăʕL�QXPHULFH�$ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�

'D�

Find Your

Own Style

,QWHJUDW�vQ�FXOWXUD�ʓFRODUă DGROHVFHQʕL $ELOLWăʕLOH�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�5HODʕLRQDUH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOă�0DQDJHPHQWXO�HPRʕLLORU�ʓL�FRJQLʕLLORU�$XWR�UHJODUH�&UHʓWHUHD�FDSLWDOXOXL�VRFLDO�ʓL�D�H[SHFWDQʕHORU�YLLWRDUH�

'UHDP�7HHQV 3URJUDP�VSHFL¿F�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWăʕLORU�GH�YLDʕă

&RSLL�ʓL�DGROHVFHQʕL

$ELOLWăʕL�FLYLFH�&UHʓWHUHD�PRWLYDʕLHL�,PSOLFDUH�VRFLDOă�$ELOLWăʕL�GH�YLDʕă�

'D�

Page 55: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

6LQJDSRUH ʒFRDOD�*DQ�(QJ�6HQJ

�$ERUGDUH�HQJO��whole-school�DSSURDFK�ED]DWă�SH�SULQFLSLXO�GH]YROWăULL�GH�FDPSLRQL��*URZLQJ�&+$03,216�DQG�%XLOGLQJ�D�&XOWXUH�RI�6(/��3URJUDPXO�LQFOXGH�QXPHURDVH�SURLHFWH�FDUH�VWLPXOHD]ă�FRPSRUWDPHQWXO�SR]LWLY�ʓL�UHXʓLWHOH�

�±���DQL $ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�$XWR�GLVFLSOLQD�

.UDQML�6HFRQGDU\�6FKRRO�±�6(/�WKURXJK�6HUYLFH�/HDUQLQJ�3URMHFWV

3URLHFW�UHDOL]DW�vQ�FRODERUDUH�FX�FHQWUXO�SHQWUX�LQGLYL]LL�FX�GL]DELOLWăʕL�

14+ &UHʓWHUHD�UHVSRVDQELOLWăʕLL�ʓL�D�FRQʓWLHQWL]ăULL�QHYRLORU�FHORU�GLQ�MXU��FHL�FX�GL]DELOLWăʕL��vQ�UkQGXO�FRSLLORU�

1RUWK/LJKW�6FKRRO�±�+HOSLQJ�VWXGHQWV�VXFFHHG�ZLWK�D�6HFRQG�&KDQFH

�3URJUDP�LQWHJUDW�vQ�FXUULFXOXP�,QFOXGH�ʓL�HOHYL�ÄSULYLOHJLDʕL´��(VWH�JkQGLW�ʓL�SHQWUX�HOHYLL�FDUH�QX�DX�vQFOLQDʕLL�DFDGHPLFH�DWkW�GH�SXWHUQLFH�

�����±������DQL

'HVFRSHULUHD�WDOHQWHORU�SHUVRQDOH�5HGH¿QLUHD�VXFFHVXOXL�ÌQFXUDMDUHD�6SULMLQXOXL�vQWUH�FRYkUVWQLFL��6WLPD�GH�VLQH�

Page 56: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

6WDWHOH�8QLWH�DOH�$PHULFLL

(GXFDʕLD�SHQWUX�MXVWLʕLH�VRFLDOă

�(VWH�R�DERUGDUH�HQJO��whole school approach��FXUULFXOXP�LQWHJUDW��3URJUDPXO�HVWH�FUHDW�SHQWUX�D�UHGXFH�DEDQGRQXO�ʓFRODU�ʓL�D�FUHʓWH�SHUIRUPDQʕD�DFDGHPLFă�

DGROHVFHQʕL *kQGLUHD�FULWLFă��5HVSHFWXO��5HVSRQVDELOLWDWHD��5H]LOLHQʕD��&UHʓWHUHD�HFKLWăʕLL�VRFLDOH��,PSOLFDUHD�VRFLDOă�

'D�

Titans’

Learning

Centre

�(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�LQWHUYHQʕLH��&UHʓWH�FDSLWDOXO�VRFLDO�DO�FRSLLORU��(VWH�DGUHVDW�FRSLLORU�FX�ULVF�GH�DEDQGRQ�ʓFRODU�

9+ GLPHQVLXQLOH�6(/ 'D�

Strong Kids �(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�SUHYHQʕLH��([LVWă�PDL�PXOWH�IRUPH�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL��vQ�IXQFʕLH�GH�YkUVWă�

�� ÌQʕHOHJHUHD�HPRʕLLORU�0DQDJHPHQWXO�IXULHL��*kQGLUHD�UDʕLRQDOă�&RSLQJ�OD�VWUHVV�5H]ROYDUHD�GH�SUREOHPH�7UDL�SR]LWLY�

'D�

4Rs (VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�SUHYHQʕLH �±���DQL &RPSHWHQʕHORU�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH�&RPSRUWDPHQWH�SURVRFLDOH�3HUIRUPDQʕă�DFDGHPLFă�5HGXFHUHD�DEVHQWHLVPXOXL�ʓFRODU�2SWLPL]DUHD�FOLPDWXOXL�ʓFRODU�

'D�

Page 57: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ʔDUD 'HQXPLUHD�SURJUDPXOXL 3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL $GUHVD�

ELOLWDWH $ELOLWăʕL�YL]DWH6WXGLL�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQʕHL

6SDQLD ,17(02 �(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�LQWHUYHQʕLH��3URJUDPXO�HVWH�IRORVLW�PDL�DOHV�SHQWUX�SUHYHQʕLD�FRQVXPXOXL�GH�VXEVWDQʕH�

��±���DQL ,QWHOLJHQʕD�HPRʕLRQDOă�6WLPă�GH�VLQH�

'D

(GXFDʕLH�UHVSRQVDELOă

�3URLHFW�HGXFDʕLRQDO�DSOLFDW�GH�SUHYHQʕLH��,PSOLFă�IDPLOLD�ʓL�FRPXQLWDWHD��,PSOHPHQWDUHD�HVWH�VXSHUYL]DWă�GH�VSHFLDOLʓWL��,QFOXGH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�IRUPDUH�DFUHGLWDW�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�

�±���DQL 6WDUHD�GH�ELQH�5H]LOLHQʕD�'H]YROWDUH�VRFLDOă�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOă�

'D

9\9H��9L9D��9LDʕD�ʓL�YDORULOH�vQ�HGXFDʕLH�

�3URJUDP�GH�SUHYHQʕLH��$FWLYLWăʕLOH�VXQW�UHDOL]DWH�ʓL�LPSOHPHQWDWH�FX�DMXWRUXO�XQLYHUVLWăʕLORU�ʓL�21*�XULORU��$FWLYLWăʕLOH�VXQW�GLIHUHQʕLDWH�SH�YkUVWH��6XQW�SUHYă]XWH�DFWLYLWăʕL�VSHFL¿FH�SHQWUX�SăULQʕL��([LVWă�SURJUDP�GH�IRUPDUH�LQLʕLDOă�ʓL�VSULMLQ�FRQVWDQW�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�

�±���DQL 6WLPD�GH�VLQH�([SUHVLYLWDWH�HPRʕLRQDOă�(PSDWLH��$XWR�FRQWURO�$ELOLWăʕL�VRFLDOH�$WLWXGLQL�SR]LWLYH�IDʕă�GH�VăQăWDWH�5HVSRQVDELOLWDWH�*HQHUR]LWDWH�7ROHUDQʕă�

'D

Page 58: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

Concluzii

ÌQ�XUPD�DQDOL]HL�SUDFWLFLORU�FDUH�v܈L�SURSXQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�SH�FDUH�OH�DP�SUH]HQWDW�VLQWHWLF�PDL�VXV��SXWHP�IRUPXOD�XUPă�WRDUHOH�FRQFOX]LL��

�� 0DMRULWDWHD�SURJUDPHORU��YDOLGDWH�SULQ�VWXGLL�VDX�GH]YROWDWH� OD�QLYHOXO��L�XQ�FXUV�GH�IRUPDUH�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�GHUX܈�FROLORU��SUHVXSXQ܈ODW�DQWHULRU�XWLOL]ăULL�SURJUDPXOXL�

�� ÌQ�PDMRULWDWHD܊�ăULORU�GH]YROWDWH�VH�DFRUGă�R�DWHQ܊LH�VSRULWă�IRUPăULL�FD�GUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�DVWIHO�vQFkW�DFHVWHD�Vă�SRDWă�GH]YROWD�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH��L܊L�DGROHVFHQ܈�LRQDOH�OD�FRSLL܊L�HPR܈

�� ÌQ�DQXPLWH܊�ăUL��GDWă�¿LQG�VWUXFWXUD�SRSXOD܊LHL܈�L�D�LVWRULHL�UHOD܊LLORU�LQWH�UHWQLFH��H[LVWă�SURJUDPH�VSHFLDO�DGUHVDWH�PLQRULWă܊LORU�VDX�DERULJHQLORU��H[��$XVWUDOLD��&DQDGD��1RXD�=HHODQGă��

�� 7HQGLQ܊D�OD�QLYHOXO܈�FROLORU�VDX�JUăGLQL܊HORU�FDUH�XWLOL]HD]ă�SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�6(/�HVWH�FD��WUHSWDW��DFHVWHD�Vă�¿H�LQWHJUDWH�vQ�FXUULFXOXPXO܈�FRODU��D�WLS�HQJO��ÄZKROH�VFKRRO�DSSURDFK´��VDX�SURJUDP܊WHQGLQ��LRQDO܊L�HGXFD܈LQWHJUDW�vQ�FXUULFXOXP��

�� ([LVWă�SX܊LQH�UHIHULUL�OD�SURJUDPH�FDUH�VXQW�DSOLFDWH�GH�FRQVLOLHUL܈�FRODUL��H[��SURJUDPXO�,17(02��YH]L�$QH[D����vQVă�REVHUYăP�WUL��L�SVLKRORJL܈PLWHULOH�VSUH�FRRSHUDUHD�GLQWUH�HL܈�L�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH� vQ�FDGUXO�XQRU���H[��3RUWXJDOLD��FROL�VDX�SURJUDPH܈

�� ÌQ�PDMRULWDWHD܊�ăULORU�VH�IDF�HIRUWXUL�SHQWUX�D�UHGXFH�LQHFKLWDWHD�VRFLDOă�SULQ�RIHULUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�DGUHVDWH�VSHFLDO�FRSLLORU�FDUH�SURYLQ�GLQ�PHGLL�GHIDYRUL]DWH�GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF�

�� 'LQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH� OHJLVODWLY�H[LVWă�R�SUHRFXSDUH�HYLGHQWă�VSUH�RIH�ULUHD�FHO�SX܊LQ�D�XQRU�GLUHFWLYH�GH� LPSOHPHQWDUH�D�HGXFD܊LHL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��FKLDU�GDFă�SX܊LQH�VWDWH�DX�UHJOHPHQWăUL�OHJDOH�VSHFL¿FH��LQ�FRUSRUDWH�vQ�DUWLFROH�DOH�/HJLORU�HGXFD܊LHL�QD܊LRQDOH��SHQWUX�DFHVW�GRPHQLX�

�� ÌQ�FHOH�PDL�PXOWH܊�ăUL�SHQWUX�FDUH�H[LVWă�DQDOL]H�QD܊LRQDOH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�H¿FDFLWDWHD�6(/��H[HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL�VXQW�FRQVLGHUDWH�VWUDWHJLLOH��L�SURJUDPHOH�GLQ�DFHOH܈ LQVWLWX܊LL܈�FROL�FDUH�SULQ�DERUGDUH܈�L�PHWRGHOH�GH� SUHGDUH� IRORVLWH� vQFXUDMHD]ă� GH]YROWDUHD� SOHQDUă� D� FRSLOXOXL�� SXQ�DFFHQW�SH�QHYRLOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�DOH�DFHVWXLD܈�L�DX�FD�PLVLXQH�FODUă�SUHJăWLUHD�SHQWUX�YLD܊ă��HQJO��life skills��

Page 59: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

����)DFWRULL�UHOHYDQ܊L�SHQWUX�implementarea programelor de

GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH'DWă�¿LQG�LPSRUWDQ܊D܈�FROLL�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�SULQ�SUDF�WLFL�ED]DWH�SH�GRYH]L܈�WLLQ܊L¿FH��HVWH�H[WUHP�GH�XWLO�Vă�vQ܊HOHJHP�YDULDELOHOH�FDUH�SRW�IDFLOLWD�VDX�vPSLHGLFD�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�DFHVWRUD��ÌQ�OLWHUDWXUD�GH�VSH�FLDOLWDWH�FRQVXOWDWă�DP�LGHQWL¿FDW�XUPăWRULL�IDFWRUL�UHOHYDQ܊L�SHQWUX�LPSOHPHQ�WDUHD�FX�VXFFHV�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

�� 3HUFHSрLD�оL�DWLWXGLQHD�FRQVLOLHULORU�оFRODUL�оL�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�IDрă�GH�UHXоLWD�SURJUDPXOXL��0RGHOHOH�H[LVWHQWH�vQ�OLWHUDWXUD�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�SURJUDPHOH�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ܈�FROL��HYLGHQ܊LD]ă�LPSRUWDQ܊D�VX�SRUWXOXL�RIHULW�GH�PDQDJHULL܈�FROLL��FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH܈�L�FRQVLOLHUL�vQ�LPSOH�PHQWDUHD�FX�VXFFHV�D�DFHVWRUD��'RPLWURYLFK܈�L�FRODE���������)RUPDQ��������L�FRODE܈���ÌQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS��R�GLPHQVLXQH�UHOHYDQWă�SHQWUX�UHX܈LWD�SURJUDPXOXL�R�FRQVWLWXLH�YDORDUHD�SHUFHSXWă�D�DFHVWXLD��'DFă�FRQVLOLH�ULL�VDX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�FDUH�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�SURJUDPXO�QX�DX�DQJDMD�PHQW�SDUDGLJPDWLF��SHUVSHFWLYă�WHRUHWLFă��FRQVRQDQW�FX�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�VDX�FX�SURJUDPXO��H¿FLHQ܊D�DFHVWXLD�VFDGH�

�� &XQRоWLQрHOH�GHVSUH�SURJUDP�оL�GHVSUH�WHRULD�GLQ�VSDWHOH�DFHVWXLD�V�DX�GRYHGLW� D� ¿� DVRFLDWH� FX�R� FDOLWDWH�PDL� ULGLFDWă� D� LPSOHPHQWăULL� �L܈ FX�XWLOL]DUHD�XQRU�PHWRGH�LQWHUDFWLYH��(QQHWW܈�L�FRODE���������5RKUEDFK܈�L�FRODE���������

�� &RQWUROXO� HPRрLRQDO� H¿FLHQW� оL� VWUDWHJLLOH� GH�PDQDJHPHQWXO� VWUHVXOXL�SH� FDUH� OH� GH܊LQ� SHUVRDQHOH� FDUH� DSOLFă� SURJUDPXO� VXQW� IDFWRUL� FDUH�FRQWULEXLH�OD�UHX܈LWD�SURJUDPHORU��/RFKPDQ܈�L�FRODE���������6W��3LHUUH����������L�FRODE܈

�� 6�D�FRQVWDWDW�Fă�DWkW�OD�QLYHO�LQWHUQD܊LRQDO��FkW܈�L�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��H[LVWă�SX܊LQH�SURJUDPH�GH�IRUPDUH�D�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�FDUH�Vă�DLEă�XQ�curri-FXOXP�DGHFYDW�GH�IRUPDUH�D�FRPSHWHQрHORU�GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�JUXSXOXL��YH]L�7DEHO����FDS���оL�$QH[D�����0DMRULWDWHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH�H[LVWHQ܊H�VH�FRQFHQWUD]ă�DVXSUD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�LQGLYLGX�DOă�� /LSVD�H[SHULHQ܊HL� vQ� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQRU�DVWIHO� GH�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�VDX�QLYHOXO�UHGXV�GH�FXQRD܈WHUH�D�PHWRGHORU�LQWHUDFWLYH�GH�SUHGDUH�SRDWH�FUH܈WH�DQ[LHWDWHD�FRQVLOLHULORU�vQ�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��

�� Barierele logistice� �VSDWLX� HFKLSDW� DGHFYDW� OD� PRPHQWXO� GHUXOăULL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�vQ�JUXS��LPSOLFDUHD�PRWLYDWă�D�WXWXURU�DFWRULORU�UHOHYDQ܊L�GLQ�

Page 60: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

LQVWLWX܊LH��PHGLDWL]DUHD�FRUHFWă܈�L�OD�PRPHQWXO�SURWULYLW�SULYLQG�SURJUD�PHOH�RIHUWDWH�HWF��DSDU�PHQ܊LRQDWH�vQ�OLWHUDWXUD�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�GHVWXO�GH�IUHFYHQW��)L[VHQ܈�L�FRODE���������*UHHQKDOJK܈�L�FRODE���������

�� Strategiile de livrare ale programelor��SUHFXP�IUHFYHQ܊D�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��GX�UDWD��PRPHQWXO�DSOLFăULL��VXQW�DVSHFWH�LPSRUWDQWH�SHQWUX�H¿FLHQ܊D�SUR�JUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�GXUDWD�� UH]XOWDWHOH� GLQ� OLWHUDWXUD� UHOHYă� OLPSHGH� LPSRUWDQ܊D� DHVWHLD��3URJUDPHOH�FX�R�GXUDWă�GH�PLQLP���OXQL�SRW�GHPRQVWUD�HIHFWH�VHVL]D�ELOH��GDU�FHOH�PDL�H¿FLHQWH�VXQW�LQWHUYHQ܊LLOH�VLVWHPDWLFH�UHDOL]DWH�SH�R�SHULRDGă�GH�SHVWH���DQL��5LPP�.DXIIPDQ܈�L�FRODE����������ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�OLYUDUHD�HIHFWLYă�D�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��V�D�GRYHGLW�Fă�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�OLYUDWH�RUJDQL]DW܈�L�VLVWHPDWLF�GH�FăWUH�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�GLQ܈�FRDOă�VXQW�PDL�H¿FLHQWH�GHFkW�FHOH�OLYUDWH�GH�VSHFLDOL܈WL�GLQ�H[WHULRU���6SRWK܈�L�FRODE���������0F1HDO܈�L�FRODE����������7RWX܈L��H¿FLHQ܊D܈�L�LPSDFWXO�SURJUDPH�ORU�HVWH�PXOW�PDL�FUHVFXW�GDFă�FHL�FH�vO�DSOLFă�EHQH¿FLD]ă�GH�IRUPDUH�VSHFL¿Fă�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRQ܊LQXWXO܈�L�VWUDWHJLLOH�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUH��3HUU\܈�L�FRODE���������5RVV܈�L�FRODE���������

�� 6XVрLQHUHD�GLQ�SDUWHD�FRYkUVWQLFLORU�FX�H[SHULHQрă�vQVRрLWă�GH�SHUFHSH-UHD�ORU�GH�FăWUH�FHL�FDUH�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�FD�¿LQG�PHQWRUL��'H]YROWDUHD�XQXL� VLVWHP� H¿FLHQW� GH� PHQWRUDW� IDFLOLWHD]ă� HIHFWHOH� SR]LWLYH� DOH�LQWHUYHQ܊LLORU� vQ� �FRDOă܈ �L܈ vQ� DIDUD� DFHVWRUD� �%DUUHWW� �L܈ FRODE��� ������+DVNLQV� �L܈ /RHE�� ������*RUPDQ�6PLWK� �L܈ FRODE��� ������� 6H� SDUH� Fă�IHHGEDFN�XO�FX�SULYLUH�OD�SHUIRUPDQ܊ă�SH�FDUH�PHQWRULL�vO�RIHUă�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�vQ�WLPSXO�IRUPăULL�FRQWULEXLH�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD�VXFFHVXO�IRUPăULL�SURIHVLRQDOH�D�DFHVWRUD��1RHOO܈�L�FRODE���������5RVH܈�L�&KXUFK��������

�� 'LVSRQLELOLWDWHD�SURIHVLRQLоWLORU�FDOL¿FDрL�Vă�LPSOHPHQWH]H�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWăрLORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� OD�FDUH�DUH�DFFHV܈�FRDOD܈�L�FR�PXQLWDWHD���$GHOPDQ܈�L�7D\ORU��������%DUUHWW܈�L�FRODE���������(OOLRWW܈�L�0LKDOLF��������

�� &OLPDWXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�HVWH�UHÀHFWDW�vQ�SHUFHS܊LLOH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�SROLWLFLOH�GH�PDQDJHPHQW��UHOD܊LL�GLQWUH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH�HOHYLORU܈�L�WLSXO�GH܈�FRDOă��+RDJZRRG܈�L�-RKQVRQ��������2ZHQV��������5LQJHLVHQ��7��������L�FRODE܈DQ\X܈�L�FRODE���������

ÌQFHUFkQG�Vă�VXPDUL]ăP��FRQVWDWăP�Fă�SULQWUH�EDULHUHOH�vQ�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SUR�JUDPHORU�VH�QXPăUă��QHLPSOLFDUHD�VDX�RVWLOLWDWHD�SăULQ܊LORU��UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊LOH�SUHD�PDUL�DOH�FHORU�FDUH�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�DFHVWH�SURJUDPH��FRPXQLFDUHD�GH�¿FLWDUă�FX�FHOHODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH�� UHVXUVHOH�¿QDQFLDUH� OLPLWDWH�� IRUPDUHD�GH¿FLWDUă�SH�DQXPLWH�FRPSRQHQWH�UHOHYDQWH�SHQWUX�GHVLJQXO܈�L�LPSOHPHQWD�

Page 61: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

UHD�SURJUDPHORU��'H�DVHPHQHD��SHUFHS܊LD�DVXSUD�LPSDFWXOXL�XQXL�SURJUDP��GDU܈�L�vQ܊HOHJHUHD�OLPLWDWă�D�IXQGDPHQWHORU�WHRUHWLFH�DOH�DFHVWXLD��vPSUHXQă�FX�LQDGHFYDUHD�XQRU�DFWLYLWă܊L�vQ�UDSRUW�FX�JUXSXO܊�LQWă��DX�LQWHUIHUDW�DGHVHD�FX�LPSDFWXO�SURJUDPXOXL���H�J���)L[VHQ��1DRRP��%ODVp��)ULHGPDQ܈��L�:DOODFH��������*UHHQKDOJK��5REHUW��0F)DUODQH��%DWH�� ��L�.\ULDNLGRX܈ ������.OHLQ� �L܈6RUD��������6FKRHQZDOG܈�L�+RDJZRRG���������$܈DGDU�� factorii�FDUH�FRQWUL�EXLH�OD�UHX܈LWD�LPSOHPHQWăULL܈�L�D�GLVHPLQăULL�SURJUDPHORU�FH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YRO�WDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�VăQăWDWHD�PHQWDOă�SRW�¿�JUXSD܊L� vQ���PDUL�FDWHJRULL��

D��FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH܈�L�IXQGDPHQWDUHD�WHRUHWLFă�D�LQWHUYHQ܊LLORU�

E��FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH�IRUPDWRULORU�

F��FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH�FRSLLORU�

G��SDUWLFXODULWă܊LOH܈�FROLL��6FKRHQZDOG܈�L�+RDJZRRG��������

Page 62: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

&DS����$ERUGDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�SUDFWLFLOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�GLQ�URPkQLD

�����$QDOL]D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH3ULQ�/HJHD�(GXFD܊LHL�GLQ������V�D�vQFHUFDW�R�UHVWUXFWXUDUH�D�vQYă܊ăPkQWXOXL�GLQ�SXQFWXO�GH�YHGHUH�DO�RUJDQL]ăULL܈�L�FRQ܊LQXWXULORU�SUHGDWH��(GXFD܊LD�D�GH�YHQLW�SULRULWDWH�QD܊LRQDOă��ÄIRUPDUHD�>«@�GLVSRQLELOLWă܊LORU�DIHFWLYH´�DOH�HOHYLORU�GHYHQLQG�R�¿QDOLWDWH�D�HGXFD܊LHL��/HJHD�����������6FKLPEăULOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�SROL�WLFH�FDUH�DX�DYXW�ORF�vQ�SDUDOHO�DX�UHOHYDW�vQVă�QHYRLD�XQHL�QRL�DERUGăUL��GHRD�UHFH�HGXFD܊LD�WUHEXLD�Vă�VH�DGDSWH]H�XQRU�SURYRFăUL�QHSUHYă]XWH��FUH܈WHUHD�DEDQGRQXOXL� ��FRODU܈ LQHJDOLWDWHD� VRFLDOă�� FUH܈WHUHD� QXPăUXOXL� GH� FRSLL� DL�FăURU� SăULQ܊L� SOHDFă� OD�PXQFă� vQ� DOWH� �ăUL��PRELOLWDWHD܊ VRFLDOă� �VFKLPEDUHD�GRPLFLOLXOXL�GLQ�UXUDO�VSUH�XUEDQ�VDX�VSUH�DOWH�]RQH���FUH܈WHUHD�GHOLQFYHQ܊HL�MXYHQLOH܈�L��QX�vQ�XOWLPXO�UkQG�� LQWUDUHD�5RPkQLHL� vQ�8QLXQHD�(XURSHDQă�vQ��LH�FX�FHOH�SUHYă]XWH�OD�QLYHO܊L�QHYRLD�GH�D�DOLQLD�VWDQGDUGHOH�vQ�HGXFD܈�����HXURSHDQ��$FHVWH�VFKLPEăUL�VH�UHÀHFWă�vQ�/HJHD�(GXFD܊LHL�GLQ�������UHYL]XL�Wă�vQ�������XQGH�VH�DFRUGă�R�DWHQ܊LH�VSRULWă�GH]YROWăULL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��$VWIHO��DFWXDOXO�FXUULFXOXP�QD܊LRQDO�VH�D[HD]ă�SH���GRPHQLL�FKHLH��XQXO�GLQWUH�HOH�¿LQG�IRUPDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�FLYLFH��6H�UHPDUFă�IDSWXO�Fă�OD�QL�YHOXO�FODVHL�SUHJăWLWRDUH��FXUULFXOXP�XO�XUPăUH܈WH�H[SOLFLW�ÄGH]YROWDUHD�¿]LFă��VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă��FRJQLWLYă�D�OLPEDMXOXL܈�L�FRPXQLFăULL�SUHFXP܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�FDSDFLWă܊LORU� �L܈ D� DWLWXGLQLORU� vQ� vQYă܊DUH´� �/HJHD� QU�� �������� DFWXDOL]DWă� vQ��������PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�PDUH�SDUWH�D�HIRUWXULORU�GLQ�GRPHQLXO�6(/�VXQW�FRQ�FHQWUDWH�DVXSUD�YkUVWHL�SUH܈FRODUH�

������$ERUGDUHD�FXUULFXODUă�D�GH]YROWăULL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�vQ�5RPkQLD5HIHULQGX�QH�VWULFW� OD�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�� vQ������0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL��&HUFHWăULL܈�L�7LQHUHWXOXL��vPSUHXQă�FX�8QLWDWHD�GH�0DQDJHPHQW�DO�3URLHFWHORU�SHQWUX�ÌQYă܊ăPkQWXO�3UHXQLYHUVLWDU��SURSXQ�XQ�FXUULFXOXP�SHQWUX�HGXFD܊LD�WLPSXULH���±����DQL��DÀDW�vQ�YLJRDUH܈�L�vQ�SUH]HQW��$FHVWD�VWLSXOHD]ă��SULQWUH�DOWHOH��Fă�¿QDOLWDWHD�HGXFD܊LHL�SUH܈FRODUH�HVWH�GH]YROWDUHD�GH�FăWUH�¿HFDUH�FRSLO�D�SURSULHL�LGHQWLWă܊L��D�DXWRQRPLHL��D�XQHL�LPDJLQL�GH�VLQH�SR]LWL�YH��D�FDSDFLWă܊LL�GH�D�LQWHUDF܊LRQD�FX�FHL�GLQ�MXUXO�VăX��ÌQ�FDGUXO�GRPHQLLORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH� LQFOXVH� vQ�GRFXPHQW�� UHSHUHOH�SHQWUX�GRPHQLXO�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDO�VXQW�XPăWRDUHOH��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH� LQWHUDF܊LXQH�FX�DGXO܊LL܈�L�FX�FR�SLLL�GH�YkUVWă�DSURSLDWă��DFFHSWDUHD܈�L� UHVSHFWDUHD�GLYHUVLWă܊LL��GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�SURVRFLDOH��GH]YROWDUHD�FRQFHSWXOXL�GH�VLQH��D�FRQWUROXOXL�

Page 63: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

HPR܊LRQDO܈�L�H[SUHVLYLWă܊LL�HPR܊LRQDOH��$FHVWH�FRRUGRQDWH�VXQW�SUHOXDWH�GLQ�5HSHUHOH� IXQGDPHQWDOH�SULYLQG� vQYăрDUHD� оL� GH]YROWDUHD� WLPSXULH�D� FRSLOX-OXL� vQWUH�QDоWHUH�оL���DQL��GRFXPHQW�GH�SROLWLFă�SXEOLFă� UHDOL]DW�GH�PLQLVWHU�vPSUHXQă�FX�81,&()�5RPkQLD�vQ��������'XSă�YkUVWD�GH�����DQL��RGDWă�FX�LQWUDUHD�FRSLOXOXL� vQ�PHGLXO܈�FRODU��GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�VH�UH�DOL]HD]ă�SULQ�FXUULFXOXP�XO�GH�FRQVLOLHUH܈�L�RULHQWDUH� �GLVFLSOLQD�'H]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă���FDUH�HVWH�FRQVWUXLW�vQ�MXUXO�D�SDWUX�FRPSHWHQ܊H�FKHLH��DERUGDWH�GLIHULW��vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�YkUVWă��/D�PRPHQWXO�DFWXDO��SHQWUX�FODVHOH�SUHJăWLWRDUH���L�D܈�, ,,�D��FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�JHQHUDOH�VXQW�� ����PDQLIHVWDUHD� LQWHUHVXOXL�SHQWUX�DXWRFXQRD܈WHUH܈�L�D�DWLWXGLQLL�SR]LWLYH�ID܊ă�GH�VLQH܈�L�ID܊ă�GH�FHLODO܊L������H[�SULPDUHD�DGHFYDWă�D�HPR܊LLORU�vQ� LQWHUDF܊LXQHD�FX�FRSLL܈�L�DGXO܊LL�FXQRVFX܊L������XWLOL]DUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU܈�L�D�DWLWXGLQLORU�VSHFL¿FH� vQYă܊ăULL� vQ�FRQWH[W܈�FRODU��&D܈�L�FRQ܊LQXWXUL��HOHYLL�GLVFXWă�GHVSUH�VWLO�GH�YLD܊ă�VăQăWRV��DXWRFXQRD܈WHUH��DVSHFWH�¿]LFH���HPR܊LL�GH�ED]ă��FRPXQLFDUH�H¿FLHQWă��SULHWHQLH��DELOLWă܊L܈�L�DWLWXGLQL�GH� vQYă܊DUH� �WHKQLFL�GH� vQYă܊DUH�� IDFWRUL�GH�VWUHV���H[SORUDUHD�PH�VHULLORU��3HQWUX�FODVHOH�9±9,,,��SURJUDPD�DSăUXWă�vQ�IHEUXDULH������SUHYHGH�FD܈�L� FRPSHWHQ܊H�JHQHUDOH�� ����DGRSWDUHD�DWLWXGLQLORU�SR]LWLYH� ID܊ă�GH�VLQH���L�HFKLOLEUDW܈�ă�VăQăWRV܊L�D�XQXL�VWLO�GH�YLD܈ ���� UHOD܊LRQDUHD�DUPRQLRDVă�FX�FHLODO܊L�vQ�FRQWH[WH܈�FRODUH܈�L�H[WUD܈FRODUH������UHÀHFWDUHD�DVXSUD�PRWLYD܊LHL��LL�VWUDWHJLLORU�SHQWUX�SURJUHV܊L�H¿FDFLWă܈ vQ� vQYă܊DUH�� ���� OXDUHD�GHFL]LLORU� OH�JDWH�GH�FRQWLQXDUHD�VWXGLLORU܈�L�FDULHUă�SULQ�YDORUL¿FDUHD�LQIRUPD܊LLORU�GHVSUH�VLQH��HGXFD܊LH܈�L�RFXSD܊LL��/D�QLYHO�GH�FRQ܊LQXWXUL��VXQW�DERUGDWH�WHPH�OHJDWH�GH�DXWRFXQRD܈WHUH܈�L�VWLO�GH�YLD܊ă�VăQăWRV܈�L�HFKLOLEUDW� �GH�H[���DOLPHQWD܊LH�VăQăWRDVă��VWUDWHJLL�GH�DGDSWDUH� OD�VWUHV��ULWPXO�ELRORJLF��VSHFL¿FXO�GH]YRO�WăULL��� GH]YROWDUH� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă� �HPR܊LL� GH� ED]ă�� HPR܊LL� GLYHUVH�� FRQWURO�HPR܊LRQDO��HPSDWLH�� FRPXQLFDUH�H¿FLHQWă��VWLOXUL�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�� UHDF܊LD� OD�GLYHUVLWDWH���PDQDJHPHQWXO� vQYă܊ăULL� �H[�� WHKQLFL� GH� vQYă܊DUH�H¿FLHQWă�� IDF�WRUL�FDUH�IDFLOLWHD]ă�LQKLEă�vQYă܊DUHD���PDQDJHPHQWXO�FDULHUHL��H[��SODQXO�GH�FDULHUă���/D�QLYHO�OLFHDO�QRQ�YRFD܊LRQDO��FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�JHQHUDOH�VXQW�����H[�SORUDUHD�UHVXUVHORU�SHUVRQDOH�FDUH�LQÀXHQ܊HD]ă�SODQL¿FDUHD�FDULHUHL������LQWH�JUDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�LQWHUUHOD܊LRQDUH�vQ�YHGHUHD�GH]YROWăULL�SHUVRQDOH܈�L�SUR�IHVLRQDOH������XWLOL]DUHD�DGHFYDWă�D�LQIRUPD܊LLORU��vQ�SURSULD�DFWLYLWDWH��SHQWUX�RE܊LQHUHD�VXFFHVXOXL�� ����HODERUDUHD�SURLHFWXOXL�GH�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă܈�L�SURIHVLRQDOă������H[HUVDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�XQXL�VWLO�GH�YLD܊ă�GH�FDOLWDWH��&D܈�L�FRQ܊LQXWXUL�VSHFL¿FH�6(/��UHJăVLP�vQFUHGHUHD�vQ�VLQH��WHKQLFLOH�GH�DXWRFRQWURO�HPR܊LRQDO��IDFWRULL�FDUH�GHWHULRUHD]ă�FDOLWDWHD�UHOD܊LLORU�VRFLD�OH��H[��YLROHQ܊D���FRPXQLFDUHD�H¿FLHQWă��PDQDJHPHQWXO�VWUHVXOXL��2EVHUYăP�D܈DGDU�Fă�GLVFLSOLQD�&RQVLOLHUH�оL�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă��FODVHOH�9±;,,��SXQH�XQ�DFFHQW�PXOW�PDL�PDUH�SH�GLPHQVLXQL�FDUH�GHSLQG�GH�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��GH�H[��vQYă܊DUHD��GH]YROWDUHD�SHUVRQDOă܈�L�SURIHVLRQDOă���GHFkW�SH�GH]YROWDUHD� vQ�VLQH�D�DFHVWRUD� �XQGH�SUHGRPLQă�FRQWUROXO�HPR܊LRQDO� �L܈FRPXQLFDUHD��� 3UHIHULQ܊D�0LQLVWHUXOXL� VSUH� DERUGDUHD� VHSDUDWă� �L܈ QX� LQWH�JUDWă�D�FRQ܊LQXWXULORU�HVWH�UHOHYDWă�GH�VWUXFWXUD�PDQXDOHORU�SHQWUX�DFHDVWă�

Page 64: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

GLVFLSOLQă��$VWIHO�� R� OHJăWXUă� FODUă� vQWUH� FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH� SHUVRQDOH�� DERUGD�UHD�vQYă܊ăULL��SUHIHULQ܊H��LQWHUHVH܈�L�FDULHUă��VSUH�H[HPSOX��HVWH�LQH[LVWHQWă��$FHDVWD�vQVHDPQă�Fă�GLULJLQWHOH�VDX�FRQVLOLHUXO܈�FRODU��SHUVRDQD�FDUH�SUHGă�DFHDVWă�GLVFLSOLQă��WUHEXLH�Vă�DLEă�FRPSHWHQ܊D�GH�D�IDFH�DFHDVWă�OHJăWXUă�SHQWUX�D�GXFH�OD�UHDOL]DUHD�VFRSXULORU�DFHVWHL�GLVFLSOLQH��D��Ä«GH�VSULMLQ�SHQ�WUX�FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD�FRQH[LXQLORU� vQWUH�FHHD�FH� vQYD܊ă܈�L�XWLOLWDWHD�DELOLWă܊LORU��L܈ D� FXQR܈WLQ܊HORU� GREkQGLWH�� SHQWUX� YLD܊D� UHDOă´� �SURJUDPD�SHQWUX� FODVHOH�,;±;,,���������E��GH�FRQWULEX܊LH�ÄVHPQL¿FDWLYă�OD�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH܈�L�OD�FRQVR�OLGDUHD�vQFUHGHULL�vQ�VLQH�D�HOHYLORU��FD�SHUVRDQH�XQLFH܈�L�YDORURDVH��FDUH�v܈L�FXQRVF�SRWHQ܊LDOXO�LQGLYLGXDO��LQWHUDF܊LRQHD]ă�DUPRQLRV�FX�FHLODO܊L��vQYD܊ă�FX�H¿FDFLWDWH܈�L�LDX�GHFL]LL܈�FRODUH��SHUVRQDOH��GH�FDULHUă܈�L�VWLO�GH�YLD܊ă�VăQăWRV´��SURJUDPD�SHQWUX�FODVHOH�9±9,,,���������ÌQ�FD]XO�vQYă܊ăPkQWXOXL�SURIHVLRQDO��FLFOXO�OLFHDO���SURJUDPD�PHQ܊LRQHD]ă��OD�FRQ܊LQXWXUL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPR܊LRQDO�vQ�FD]XO�XQXL�LQWHUYLX��GLIHUHQ܊D�GLQWUH�UăVSXQVXULOH�HPR܊LRQDOH�DGHFYDWH�YV��LQDGHFYDWH܈�L�UROXO�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH�vQ�JăVLUHD�XQXL�ORF�GH�PXQFă��5DSRUWDW�OD�FHOHODOWH�FRQ܊LQXWXUL�SUHYă]XWH�vQ�FDGUXO�SURJUDPHL�GH�OD�DFHDVWă�GLVFLSOL�Qă��DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�UHSUH]LQWă�PDL�SX܊LQ�GH�����GLQ� WRWDOXO�WHPHORU��5HJăVLP�vQVă�DLFL�FRQ܊LQXWXUL�VSHFL¿FH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�L�RULHQWăULL�vQ�FDUL�HUă��FD�GH�H[HPSOX�UHDOL]DUHD�XQXL�&9��D�XQHL�VFULVRUL�GH�LQWHQ܊LH��H[SORUDUHD�SRVLELOLWă܊LORU�GH�DQJDMDUH��5DSRUWDW�OD�FHHD�FH�VH�vQWkPSOă�vQ�DOWH܊�ăUL��XQGH�DFFHQWXO� VH�SXQH�PDL�PXOW� SH�GH]YROWDUH� SHUVRQDOă� �OD� QLYHO� GH�PRWLYD܊LH�SHQWUX�PXQFă��DFFHSWDUH�GH�VLQH�QHFRQGL܊LRQDWă��GH]YROWDUHD�VWUDWHJLLORU�GH�vQYă܊DUH�� FRPXQLFDUH�� JkQGLUH� FUHDWLYă� �L܈ FKLDU� SRVLELOLWDWHD� UHvQVFULHULL� SH�UXWH�DFDGHPLFH�DOWHUQDWLYH�GH� vQYă܊DUH��� OD�QRL�HVWH�HYLGHQWă�FHQWUDUHD�SH�LQVHU܊LD�SH�SLD܊D�PXQFLL��FKLDU�GDFă�VWXGLLOH�DUDWă�Fă�PXOW�PDL�LPSRUWDQWă�HVWH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�SHQWUX�PXQFă��VRIW�VNLOOV��GHFkW�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�PXQFă�VSHFL¿FH��$QGHUVRQ܈�L�*DQW]��������&$6(/���������$QDOL]kQG�FULWLF�DFHDVWă�VLWXD܊LH܈�L�SULYLQG�VSUH�UHDOLWDWHD�VLVWHPXOXL�GH�HGXFD܊LH�GLQ܈�FROL܈�L�JUăGLQL܊H�HVWH� HYLGHQWă� IRFDOL]DUHD�� vQ� FRQWLQXDUH�� DVXSUD� SHUIRUPDQ܊HORU� FRJQLWLYH��&RQIRUP�XOWLPXOXL� UDSRUW� FX�SULYLUH� OD�HYDOXăULOH� �L܈ H[DPLQăULOH� UHDOL]DWH� vQ�VLVWHPXO�GH�HGXFD܊LH�GLQ�5RPkQLD��2&'(܈�L�81,&()���������PXO܊L�HOHYL�QX�VWăSkQHVF�DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�ED]ă��FLUFD�����GLQ�HOHYL�DEDQGRQHD]ă܈�FRDOD�vQDLQWH�GH�D�WHUPLQD�OLFHXO��LDU�LQHJDOLWDWHD�GH܈�DQVH܈�L�LQHFKLWDWHD�VRFLDOă�VXQW�SUR�YRFăUL�OD�FDUH�QX�D�IRVW�JăVLWă�R�VROX܊LH�RSWLPă�

ÌQ�DIDUă�GH�DERUGDUHD�FXUULFXODUă�D�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��H[LVWă�R�VHULH�GH�DOWH�SURLHFWH܈�L� LQL܊LDWLYH� OHJLVODWLYH��FRPSOHPHQWDUH�/HJLL�(GXFD܊LHL܈�L�FDUH�GRUHVF�Vă�IDFLOLWH]H�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă�D�FRSL�LORU܈�L� vPEXQăWă܊LUHD�VLVWHPXOXL�GH�HGXFD܊LH��'LQWUH�DFHVWHD��SRW�¿�DPLQWLWH�SROLWLFLOH� GH� SURWHF܊LH� D� FRSLOXOXL�� SROLWLFL� GLQ� GRPHQLXO� VăQăWă܊LL�� 6WUDWHJLLOH�QD܊LRQDOH�VHFWRULDOH܈�L�LQWHUVHFWRULDOH�SHQWUX�RUL]RQWXO�����±�����GHVFULVH܈�L�vQ�UDSRUWXO�81,&()�GLQ������HWF�

Page 65: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

������6WDWXWXO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU&RQIRUP� VWDQGDUGXOXL� RFXSD܊LRQDO� GH� SH� VLWH�XO�$JHQ܊LHL� 1D܊LRQDOH� SHQWUX�&DOL¿FăUL�� ÄFRQVLOLHUXO�оFRODU�HVWH�XQ�VSHFLDOLVW� vQ�HGXFDрLH�FDUH�SODQL¿Fă�оL�GHVIăоRDUă�DFWLYLWăрL�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�HGXFDрLRQDOă�LQGLYLGXDOă�VDX�GH�JUXS�FDUH�DX�GUHSW�RELHFWLY�DGDSWDUHD�HOHYXOXL� OD�SUREOHPH�VSHFL¿FH�PHGLXOXL�оFRODU��LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�SURJUDPHOH�GH�HGXFDрLH�SHQWUX�FDULHUă�vQ�VFRSXO�IRUPăULL�GH�FRPSHWHQрH�vQ�GRPHQLLOH�YL]DWH�SULQ�DULD�FXUULFXODUă�Ä&RQVLOLHUH�оL�RULHQWDUH´��RUJDQL]HD]ă�SURJUDPH�H[WUDFXUULFXODUH�GH�RULHQWDUH�YRFDрLRQDOă��SURPRYHD-]ă�оL� LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�SURJUDPHOH�GH�HGXFDрLH�SHQWUX� VăQăWDWH� FDUH� YL]HD-]ă� IRUPDUHD�оL�GH]YROWDUHD� OD�HOHYL�D�DELOLWăрLORU�GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO� VWLOXOXL�GH� YLDрă�� &DOL¿FDUHD� GH� FRQVLOLHU� оFRODU� HVWH� QHFHVDUă� FDGUHORU� GLGDFWLFH�OLFHQрLDWH�vQ�SVLKRORJLH��оWLLQрHOH�HGXFDрLHL�VDX�оWLLQрH�VRFLR�XPDQH�FDUH�GR-UHVF�Vă�VH�VSHFLDOL]H]H�vQ�FRQVLOLHUH�HGXFDрLRQDOă�оL�FRQVLOLHUH�оL�RULHQWDUH´�(KWWS���ZZZ�DQF�HGX�UR�XSORDGV�62�&RQVLOLHU�VFRODU�SGI��� ÌQ�5RPkQLD�DYHP��OD� RUD� DFWXDOă�� SHVWH� ������ GH� SVLKRORJL� FX� OLEHUă� SUDFWLFă� �L܈ FRPSHWHQ܊H�DWHVWDWH�GH�FăWUH�&236,�vQ�GRPHQLXO�3VLKRORJLHL�DSOLFDWH�vQ�HGXFD܊LH��SHVWH������SVLKRORJL܈�L�SVLKRSHGDJRJL��DWHVWD܊L�vQ�GRPHQLXO�SVLKRSHGDJRJLHL�VSHFL�DOH��SHVWH��������vQ�GRPHQLXO�SVLKRORJLHL�FOLQLFH�

Page 66: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

7DEHOXO������'DWH�VWDWLVWLFH�SULYLQG�&-5$(�vQ�DQXO�����1U��FUW

-XGHʕXO

7RWDO�3RVWXUL1U��XQLWăʕL�GH�vQYăʕăPkQW�

FDUH�EHQH¿FLD]ă�GH�DVLVWHQʕă�SVLKRSHGDJRJLFă�ORJRSHGLFă

1U��'H�HOHYL���SUHʓFRODUL�FDUH�DX�EHQH¿FLDW�GH�DVLVWHQʕă�

SVLKRSHGDJRJLFă��ORJRSHGLFă

3URJUDPH

�GH�WUDLQ

LQJ�IRUPDUH�

ʓL�GH]YROWDUH�S

URIHV

LRQDOă

3URJUDPH

�ʓL�SURLH

FWH�HG

XFDʕLRQDOH

�GHUXODWH

3HUVR

QDO�'LGD

FWLF

&DELQ

HWH�GH

�DVLVWHQʕă�

SVLKR

SHGDJRJLF

D

&DELQ

HWH�ORJRSHGLF

H3UHʓFRODUL

3ULPDU���*LPQD]LDO

/LFHDO��3RVWOLFHDO

727$

/

$VLVWHQʕă�

SVLKR

SHGDJRJLF

ă$VLVWHQʕă�

ORJRSHGLFă 727$/

8UEDQ�

5XUDO

8UEDQ�

5XUDO

8UEDQ�

5XUDO

1 $OED ���� ���� 12 18 �� �� �� �� 1 ��� ����� ���� ����� 10 25

2 $UDG �� �� 21 11 0 14 9 �� � �� ���� ���� ���� 18 �� $UJHʓ ����� �� 24 22 5 �� 21 �� 5 120 ����� ���� ����� 11 15

4 %DFăX ����� �� 11 44 18 41 18 20 2 ��� ����� 529 ����� � �5 %LKRU �� �� �� 14 0 �� � �� � �� ����� ���� 50590 10 10

� %LVWULʕD�1ăVăXG 51 �� �� 4 0 � 1 15 5 �� ����� ���� 29041 42 11

� %RWRʓDQL 59 �� � 4 0 18 9 19 5 55 1285 ��� ���� 19 ���8 %UDʓRY ��� 82 24 11 0 �� � �� � 82 ����� ���� ����� 9 10

9 %UăLOD ����� 18 ����� 0 0 4 0 14 0 18 ����� 550 22152 2 1

10 %X]ăX ����� �� 8 11 �� 1 �� 1 52 ���� ���� ����� � 12

11 &DUDʓ�6HYHULQ ����� ����� 8 �� 0 8 9 24 5 59 ����� 2988 ����� 9 ��12 &ăOăUDʓL �� �� � � 0 � 2 �� 2 �� ����� 115 ����� ��� &OXM 125 �� �� �� 8 �� 11 �� 2 115 42050 ���� ����� �� ��14 &RQVWDQʕD ����� �� 14 � 0 15 4 42 � �� ����� ��� ����� 24 ��15 &RYDVQD �� 18 9 ���� 0 ���� ���� ����� 0 18 ���� 2112 ���� 14 4

�� 'kPERYLʕD �� 48 14 �� 0 24 12 25 5 89 ����� ��� ����� 25 ���� 'ROM �� 5 12 ����� � ����� 0 �18 *DODʕL ���� �� � 19 � 19 22 24 5 92 ����� ���� ����� 11 ��20 *RUM �� 45 12 0 0 11 4 22 8 45 ����� ��� 45509 �� ��21 +DUJKLWD 85 58 20 � �� � �� 9 59 ����� 1102 ����� � 4

22 +XQHGRDUD �� 49 �� � 0 9 � 44 1 �� ����� ��� ����� 21 ��� ,DORPLʕD �� �� 5 � 0 10 12 �� 2 �� �� �24 ,DʓL �� �� 19 15 0 29 14 42 � ��� 51190 950 52140 21 10

25 ,OIRY �� �� 8 0 0 5 11 5 10 �� ����� 518 ����� 11 11

�� 0DUDPXUHʓ 101 �� �� 21 0 �� 25 �� � 115 2928 1140 ���� �� ���� 0HKHGLQʕL 51 �� 11 �� 0 15 �� 14 4 �� ����� ���� ����� 11 42

Page 67: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

1U��FUW

-XGHʕXO

7RWDO�3RVWXUL1U��XQLWăʕL�GH�vQYăʕăPkQW�

FDUH�EHQH¿FLD]ă�GH�DVLVWHQʕă�SVLKRSHGDJRJLFă�ORJRSHGLFă

1U��'H�HOHYL���SUHʓFRODUL�FDUH�DX�EHQH¿FLDW�GH�DVLVWHQʕă�

SVLKRSHGDJRJLFă��ORJRSHGLFă

3URJUDPH

�GH�WUDLQ

LQJ�IRUPDUH�

ʓL�GH]YROWDUH�S

URIHV

LRQDOă

3URJUDPH

�ʓL�SURLH

FWH�HG

XFDʕLRQDOH

�GHUXODWH

3HUVR

QDO�'LGD

FWLF

&DELQ

HWH�GH

�DVLVWHQʕă�

SVLKR

SHGDJRJLF

D

&DELQ

HWH�ORJRSHGLF

H3UHʓFRODUL

3ULPDU���*LPQD]LDO

/LFHDO��3RVWOLFHDO

727$

/

$VLVWHQʕă�

SVLKR

SHGDJRJLF

ă$VLVWHQʕă�

ORJRSHGLFă 727$/

8UEDQ�

5XUDO

8UEDQ�

5XUDO

8UEDQ�

5XUDO

28 0XUHʓ ���� 58 21 4 0 �� 1 �� 0 �� ����� ��� ����� 10 �29 1HDPʕ ����� 29 14 0 0 5 0 21 2 28 ����� ��� ����� 9 ���� 2OW �� 49 12 �� 4 �� 11 20 � �� 4291 ��� ���� � 10

�� 3UDKRYD ����� �� ����� 4 0 5 0 21 0 �� 28115 ��� ����� 10 ���� 6DWX�0DUH �� ����� 9 20 1 18 �� 25 4 128 52915 0 52915 � 2

�� 6ăODM 59 �� ���� 19 1 12 �� 15 � 81 549 ��� 1281 � ��� Sibiu �� 48 12 4 0 15 � �� 0 48 0 ����� ����� 12 ��� 6XFHDYD ���� 54 � 0 0 �� 8 �� � 51 � � � � 4

�� 7HOHRUPDQ �� �� 8 1 0 14 18 �� 5 54 ����� ��� 21488 �� 29

�� 7LPLʓ 85 58 12 19 0 25 � 40 1 92 ����� 14899 ������� 7XOFHD ���� ���� �� 9 0 12 14 �� � 55 ���� ��� ���� 10 21

�� 9DVOXL ����� �� ����� � 0 22 2 15 2 48 20549 ���� ����� � 12

40 9kOFHD ����� ���� 9 � 0 9 1 21 0 �� ���� ��� 4090 9 12

41 9UDQFHD 42 25 9 0 0 8 10 15 2 �� ����� � 10

�������

�������

�����

�����

� ��

�����

�����

�����

���

����

1014525

�����

�������

42

9

���

Page 68: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ÌQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� DWULEX܊LLOH� VSHFL¿FH� GLQ� �HOH܈¿ GH� SRVW� SHQWUX� FRQVLOLHUL��LRQăP�Fă�DFHVWHD�VXQW��GH�UHJXOă��HODERUDWH�GH܊FRODUL��PHQ܈ LQVSHFWRUDWH�OH� �FRODUH܈ MXGH܊HQH� VDX� FHQWUHOH� MXGH܊HQH� GH� DVLVWHQ܊ă� 3VLKRSHGDJRJLFă��XQHRUL�GH܈�FROL�VDX�JUăGLQL܊H���ÌQ�OLSVD�XQHL�¿܈H�GH�SRVW�HODERUDWH�GH�FăWUH�0LQLVWHU��GRFXPHQWHOH� vQ�FDUH�VH� UHJăVHVF�DWULEX܊LLOH�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU܈�L�FDUH�VWDX� OD�ED]D�¿܈HORU�GH�SRVW� VXQW�2UGLQXO�QU������������SULYLQG�RUJD�QL]DUHD� �L܈ IXQF܊LRQDUHD� &-5$(�&0%5$(�� 5HJXODPHQWXO� GH� RUJDQL]DUH� �L܈IXQF܊LRQDUH�LQWHUQă�D�&RPLVLHL�GH�SVLKRORJLH�HGXFD܊LRQDOă��FRQVLOLHUH܈�FRODUă��&236,��SUHFXP��LRQDOă�GLQ�FDGUXO�&ROHJLXOXL�3VLKRORJLORU�GLQ�5RPkQLD܊L�YRFD܈�L�DX܊L�JUXSkQG�DFHVWH�UHVSRQVDELOLWă܈�LRQDO��6XPDUL]kQG܊L�VWDQGDUGXO�RFXSD܈IRVW�LGHQWL¿FDWH�XUPăWRDUHOH�FDWHJRULL�

D��SURLHFWDUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GH�DVLVWHQ܊ă�3VLKRSHGDJRJLFă��LGHQWL¿FDUHD�QHYRLORU�GH�DVLVWHQ܊ă�GH�OD�QLYHOXO܈�FROLL�JUăGLQL܊HL��UHDOL]DUHD�SODQX�ULORU�GH�DFWLYLWDWH��LGHQWL¿FDUHD�XQRU�PHWRGH܈�L�VWUDWHJLL�GLGDFWLFH�SULQ�FDUH�VH�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�SODQXO�GH�DFWLYLWDWH��UHDOL]DUHD�GRFXPHQWD܊LHL�VSHFL¿FH�±�SODQ�PDQDJHULDO��UDSRUW�GH�HYDOXDUH��¿܈H�GH�OXFUX��GRVDUH�FX�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�UHDOL]DWH��HWF���

E��UHDOL]DUHD� DFWLYLWă܊LORU� GLGDFWLFH� FXUULFXODUH� �vQ� FDUH� VXQW� LQFOX�VH�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�D� FRSLLORU�� SăULQ܊LORU�� FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GH�SUHYHQLUH�VDX�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�SH�SUREOHPH�VSHFL¿FH��FRQ�VLOLHUHD܈�L�RULHQWDUHD�vQ�FDULHUă��OHFWRUDWH�SHQWUX�SăULQ܊L��DFWLYLWă܊LOH�FX�FRSLLL�FDUH�SUH]LQWă�FHULQ܊H�HGXFDWLYH�VSHFLDOH��HODERUDUHD�GH�VWXGLL���LRQDOH�HWF܊L�FKHVWLRQDUH��LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQRU�RS܈�

F��UHDOL]DUHD� XQRU� DFWLYLWă܊L� H[WUDFXUULFXODUH� �H[FXUVLL�� YL]LWH�� SDUWLFL�SDUHD� OD� GLIHULWH� HYHQLPHQWH� RUJDQL]DWH� GH� &-5$(�� LQVSHFWRUDW�VDX܈�FRDOă��

G��PDQDJHPHQWXO� FOLPDWXOXL� HGXFD܊LRQDO� �VH� LPSOLFă� vQ� VROX܊LRQDUHD�SUREOHPHORU�FRQÀLFWHORU�GLQWUH�HOHYL��HOHYL�SURIHVRUL��HOHYL�SURIHVRUL�SăULQ܊L��XUPăUH܈WH�FRSLLL�DÀD܊L�vQ�VLWXD܊LL�GH�ULVF�HWF��

H��PDQDJHPHQWXO� FDULHUHL� SHUVRQDOH� �SDUWLFLSă� OD� FXUVXUL� GH� IRUPDUH�SURIHVLRQDOă܈�L�SHUVRQDOă��FRQIHULQ܊H��DFWLYLWă܊L�PHWRGLFH�HWF��

I�� DOWH�DWULEX܊LL��UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊L�vQ�FDGUXO܈�FROLL�JUăGLQL܊HL�FDUH�VXQW�VWD�ELOLWH�GH�FRQGXFHUHD�LQVWLWX܊LHL܈�L�FDUH�SRW�YDULD�GH�OD�DQ�OD�DQ���GH�H[HPSOX�Vă�¿H�UHVSRQVDELO�GH�UHOD܊LD܈�FRDOă�±�SăULQ܊L��

$QDOL]kQG� FULWLF� DFHVWH� DWULEX܊LL� FRQVWDWăP� Fă� VDUFLQLOH� FRQVLOLHUXOXL� �FRODU܈VXQW� QXPHURDVH��&X� WRDWH�DFHVWHD�QX�HVWH�H[SOLFLWă� FRPSRQHQWD�GH�GH]�

Page 69: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

YROWDUH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă�D�FRSLLORU��SXWHP� LQIHUD�Fă��SULQ� WRW�FHHD�FH� IDFH��FRQVLOLHUXO܈�FRODU�HVWH�UăVSXQ]ăWRU�DWkW�GH�SHUIRUPDQ܊D�VRFLDOă��HPR܊LRQDOă��FkW܈�L�DFDGHPLFă�D�DFHVWRUD��'H�FH�QX�HVWH�YL]LELO�DFHVW�OXFUX�VDX�GH�FH�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�FX�JUHX"�,DWă�FkWHYD�SRVLELOH�UăVSXQVXUL܈�L�WRWRGDWă�SURYRFăUL�FX�FDUH�VH�FRQIUXQWă�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�

�� IRUPDUHD� LQL܊LDOă�D�FRQVLOLHULORU� �FRODUL܈ HVWH�GLIHULWă�� ÌQ� IXQF܊LH�GH� IRU�PDUHD�LQL܊LDOă��R�SDUWH�DX�DEVROYLW�SVLKRORJLH��DO܊LL܈�WLLQ܊H�DOH�HGXFD܊LHL��SVLKRSHGDJRJLH� VDX� DVLVWHQ܊ă� VRFLDOă�� SULQ� XUPDUH� SUHJăWLUHD� �L܈FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�ORU�VXQW�VHQVLELO�GLIHULWH�

�� vQ�PHGLH��XQ�FRQVLOLHU܈�FRODU�DUH�SHVWH������GH�FRSLL�SH�FDUH�WUHEXLH�Vă�vL�FRQVLOLH]H��FHHD�FH�vQVHDPQă�Fă�HVWH�IRDUWH�SUREDELO�Vă�QX�DLEă�WLPS�QLFL�PăFDU�Vă�vL�FXQRDVFă�SH�WR܊L�vQWU�XQ�DQ�DFDGHPLF�

�� PXO܊L�FRQVLOLHUL�VXQW�UHVSRQVDELOL�GH�PDL�PXOWH܈�FROL�vQWU�XQ�DQ��FX�FRSLL�GH�PDL�PXOWH�YkUVWH��LDU�DFHVWHD�SRW�Vă�GLIHUH�GH�OD�XQ�DQ�OD�DOWXO��FHHD�FH� IDFH� H[WUHP�GH� GL¿FLOă� LPSOHPHQWDUHD� �L�PRQLWRUL]DUHD�HYDOXDUHD܈XQXL�SURJUDP�SURLHFW�SHQWUX�PDL�PXOW�GH���VHPHVWUH�

�� UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊LOH� QXPHURDVH�� GDU� �L܈ QXPăUXO�PDUH�GH� FRSLL� DURQGD܊L�SRW�vPSLHGLFD�LQFOXVLY�UHDOL]DUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�UHPHGLDOH�VDX�GH�FRQVLOLH�UH��SVLKRORJLFă�VDX�SHQWUX�FDULHUă��FX�WR܊L�FRSLLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LL�FDUH�DU�DYHD�QHYRLH�GH�VHUYLFLL�XQX�OD�XQX�

�� OLSVD�XQHL�RUH�VăSWăPkQDOH�GHGLFDWH�vQWkOQLULL�FX�SVLKRORJXO�IDFH�GL¿FLOă�LQFOXVLY�UHDOL]DUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�SUHYHQ܊LH�vQ�JUXS��PDL�DOHV�SHQWUX�FODVHOH�PDL�PDUL��UROXO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU�¿LQG�PDL�GHJUDEă�GH�REVHUYDWRU�VDX�VIăWXLWRU�SHQWUX�GLULJLQ܊L܈�L�SURIHVRUL�

�� GH� FHOH�PDL�PXOWH� RUL�� FRQVLOLHUXO� �FRODU܈ HVWH� VROLFLWDW� SHQWUX� D� IDFH�ÄLQWHUYHQ܊LH´�GH�FUL]ă�FDUH�VH�GRUH܈WH�Vă�¿H�UDSLGă܈�L�H¿FLHQWă��vQ�FD�]XO�FRSLLORU�VLWXD܊LLORU�vQ�FDUH�SURIHVRUXO�QX�SRDWH�IDFH�ID܊ă�FRQWH[WXOXL�SUREOHPDWLF�

'LQ�FHOH�H[SXVH�QX�SXWHP�SUHWLQGH�Fă�DP�HSXL]DW�UăVSXQVXULOH� OD�vQWUHED�UHD�Ä'H�FH�FRQVLOLHUXO܈�FRODU�QX�SRDWH�FRQWULEXL�VHPQL¿FDWLY� OD�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� DOH� FRSLLORU� �L܈ DGROHVFHQ܊LORU"´�� &X� WRDWH� DFHVWHD��SXWHP�FRQFOX]LRQD��FULWLF��Fă�HVWH�SX܊LQ�SUREDELO�FD�XQ�FRQVLOLHU܈�FRODU�Vă�¿H�UHVXUVă�H¿FLHQWă�SHQWUX�FRSLL܈�L܈�FRDOă��GDWă�¿LQG�PRELOLWDWHD�OXL�SURIHVLRQDOă��GLYHUVLWDWHD�SUREOHPHORU� �FROLL܈ URPkQH܈WL� �L�QXPăUXO�GH�FRSLL܈ GH�FDUH�HVWH�UăVSXQ]ăWRU�

Page 70: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

������)RUPDUHD�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL&DGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�FX�FRPSHWHQ܊H�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�ELQH�GH]YROWDWH�DX�UHOD܊LL�PDL�EXQH�FX�HOHYLL��IDF�XQ�PDQDJHPHQW�H¿FLHQW�DO�FODVHL�� LPSOHPHQ�WHD]ă� FX� PDL� PXOW� VXFFHV� SURJUDPH� FDUH� YL]HD]ă� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� OD�HOHYLL� ORU� �-RQHV��%RXIIDUG܈�L�:HLVVERXUG���������'H�DVH�PHQHD��HVWH�LPSRUWDQW�Vă�QX�LJQRUăP�IDSWXO�Fă�DGROHVFHQ܊LL܈�L�FRSLLL�vQYD܊ă�Vă�v܈L�H[SULPH��Vă�v܈L�LGHQWL¿FH܈�L�Vă�v܈L�UHJOH]H�HPR܊LLOH܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�VRFLDOH� vQ� ED]D�H[HPSOHORU� SH� FDUH� OH� YăG� OD� FHL� GLQ� MXU�� GHFL� LQFOXVLY� DOH�FDGUXOXL� GLGDFWLF��$VWIHO�� GHYLQH� HVHQ܊LDO� Vă� SULYLP� FULWLF�PRGXO� vQ� FDUH�� vQ�IRUPDUHD�LQL܊LDOă�D�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�GLQ�5RPkQLD��VXQW�LQFOXVH�PRGXOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă��GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�OD�FHL�FDUH� GHYLQ� SURIHVRUL� VDX� FRQVLOLHUL� ��FRODUL܈ (VWH� LPSRUWDQW� Vă� IDFHP�DFHVW�OXFUX�QX�GRDU�GDWRULWă�EHQH¿FLLORU�SH�FDUH�OH�DX�HOHYLL�XQRU�SURIHVRUL�FX�6(/�ULGLFDW��FL܈�L�GDWRULWă�IDSWXOXL�Fă�DFHVWH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�SRW�SUHYHQL�VDX�UHGXFH�VWUHVXO��RERVHDOD�EXUQRXW�XO�SH�FDUH�OH�UHVLPW�DFH܈WLD��6FKRQHUW�5HLFKO��.LWLO���������L�+DQVRQ�3HWHUVRQ܈

$QDOL]kQG� �HOH܈¿ GLVFLSOLQHORU� REOLJDWRULL� GH� OD� QLYHO� OLFHQ܊ă� �L܈ PDVWHU� SUR�SXVH�SHQWUX� VWXGHQ܊LL� )DFXOWă܊LORU� GH� SVLKRORJLH� GLQ�%XFXUH܈WL��&OXM�� ,D܈L� �L܈7LPL܈RDUD��SHQWUX�DQXO�XQLYHUVLWDU�����±�������FRQVWDWăP�Fă�QX�H[LVWă�GLV�FLSOLQH�VSHFL¿FH�FDUH�Vă�GH]YROWH�H[SOLFLW�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�DOH�VWXGHQ܊LORU��7RWX܈L�H[LVWă�R�VHULH�GH�GLVFLSOLQH�D�FăURU�GHQXPLUH܈�L�RELHFWLYH�DVXPDWH�QH� IDFH�Vă� LQIHUăP�Fă� LQFOXG�DFWLYLWă܊L�FDUH�SRW�GXFH� OD� IRUPDUHD�XQRU� DELOLWă܊L� VSHFL¿FH� GH� WLS� 6(/�� 'H� H[HPSOX�� OD� 8QLYHUVLWDWHD� GH� 9HVW��FRQIRUP� �HL܈¿ GLVFLSOLQHL� $ELOLWăрL� SVLKRORJLFH�� OD� VHPLQDULL�� VWXGHQ܊LL� H[HU�VHD]ă�JkQGLUHD�FULWLFă��HPSDWLD܈�L�FRPXQLFDUHD��/D�QLYHO�PDVWHUDO��GRDU� OD�PDVWHUDWXO�0DQDJHPHQW� �L܈ VXSHUYL]DUH� vQ�EXQăVWDUHD�FRSLOXOXL� �L܈ D� IDPLOL�HL��6SHFLDOL]DUHD�$VLVWHQ܊ă�VRFLDOă��DSDU�QR܊LXQL�VSHFL¿FH�6(/��Ä&XQR܈WLQ܊H�GHVSUH�YLROHQ܊D܈�L�UH]LOLHQ܊D�OD�FRSLL´��vQVă�QX܈�WLP�GDFă�VWXGHQ܊LL�H[HUVHD]ă�VWUDWHJLL�UH]LOLHQWH��GH�H[HPSOX��

)DFXOWDWHD� GH� 3VLKRORJLH� �L܈ 6WLLQ܊HOH� (GXFD܊LHL� GLQ� FDGUXO� 8QLYHUVLWă܊LL�%XFXUH܈WL�DUH� vQ�SODQXO�GH� vQYă܊ăPkQW� OD�QLYHO� OLFHQ܊ă�SHQWUX�VSHFLDOL]DUHD�3VLKRORJLH�PDL�PXOWH�GLVFLSOLQH�FDUH�DU�SXWHD�LQFOXGH�DVSHFWH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�6(/�OD�VWXGHQ܊L��/D�DQXO���±�&RPXQLFDUH܈�L�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă��GLVFLSOLQă�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH���7HKQLFL�GH�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă��'H]EDWHUH��DUJXPHQWDUH��IDFXOWDWLY���3HQWUX�DQXO���VXQW�RIHUWDWH��L�JkQGLUH�FULWLFă܈ vQ�UHJLP�RS܊LRQDO��'H]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�DQWHSUHQRULDOH��5LVF܈�L� UH]LOLHQ܊ă� vQ�FRSLOăULH܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊ă��'H]YROWDUHD�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă� OD�FRSLO܈�L�DGROHVFHQW��/D�QLYHO�'HDSDUWDPHQWXO�SHQWX�3UHJăWLUHD�3HUVRQDOXOXL�'LGDFWLF��'33'��PRGXO���DSDU�FD�RS܊LRQDOH�7HRULD�LQWHOLJHQ܊HORU�PXOWLSOH܈�L�&RPXQLFDUH�HGXFD܊LRQDOă��3ODQXO�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW�DO�PDVWHUDWXOXL�(YDOXDUH܈�L�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�SVLKRORJLFă�vQ�GRPHQLXO�

Page 71: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

HGXFD܊LRQDO�LQFOXGH�PDWHULL�SUHFXP�0DQDJHPHQWXO�VWUHVXOXL�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GH�vQYă܊DUH��'H]YROWDUHD�SHUVRQDOă�OD�HOHYL܈�L�SăULQ܊L��0DQDJHPHQWXO�FRQÀLFWXOXL�vQ�FODVă�SULQ�PHGLHUH��&RPXQLFDUHD�YHUEDOă܈�L�QRQ�YHUEDOă�vQ�PHGLLOH܈�FRODUH��/D�,D܈L��PHQ܊LRQăP�FD�SRVLELOH�GLVFLSOLQH�FDUH�VSULMLQă�YLLWRULL�SVLKRORJL�vQ�LP�SOHPHQWDUHD�6(/��3VLKRORJLD�UH]LOLHQ܊HL��&RPSHWHQ܊H�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��5H]LOLHQ܊D܈�FRODUă��3VLKRORJLD�FRPXQLFăULL�vQ�HGXFD܊LH��WRDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�SURJUD�PHORU�PDVWHUDOH��/D�PDVWHUDWXO�GH�5HOD܊LL�XPDQH܈�L�FRPXQLFDUH�DSDU�GLVFLSOL�QHOH�&XQRD܈WHUHD܈�L�RSWLPL]DUHD�VLQHOXL��&RPSHWHQ܊H�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��7HKQLFL� GH� H[SUHVLH� �L܈ GH]YROWDUH� SHUVRQDOă�� 3VLKRORJLD� HYHQLPHQWHORU� GH�YLD܊ă��3VLKRORJLD� UH]ROYăULL�FRQÀLFWHORU�� ÌQ�FDGUXO�)DFXOWă܊LL�GH�3VLKRORJLH܈�L��LHL܊H�DOH�(GXFD܊WLLQ܇ GLQ�FDGUXO�8QLYHUVLWă܊LL� Ä%DEH܈�%RO\DL´� �8%%��� OD�QLYHO�OLFHQ܊ă�H[LVWă�R�VLQJXUă�GLVFLSOLQă�GH�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă��IDFXOWDWLYă���RIH�ULWă�VWXGHQ܊LORU�GH�DQXO���±�'H]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH� OD�DGXO܊LL� WLQHUL��2IHUWD� vQVă�HVWH�PXOW�PDL�YDULDWă� vQ�FDGUXO�SURJUDPHORU�PDV�WHUDOH�� XQGH� vQWkOQLP� GLVFLSOLQHOH�� $XWRFXQR܈WHUH� �L܈ GH]YROWDUH� SHUVRQDOă��'H]YROWDUHD܈�L�HGXFD܊LD�SăULQ܊LORU��3URPRYDUHD�VăQăWă܊LL�PLQWDOH� OD� FRSLL� �L܈DGROHVFHQ܊L��'H]YROWDUHD܈�L�VăQăWDWHD�PLQWDOă�vQ�FRSLOăULD�WLPSXULH���±��DQL���(YDOXDUHD� IXQF܊LRQăULL� FRJQLWLYH܈�L� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH� OD� FRSLO� �L܈ DGROHVFHQW��3DUDGLJPH�GH�FHUFHWDUH�DOH�GH]YROWăULL�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�

ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�IRUPDUHD܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�SURIHVLRQDOă�FRQWLQXă��H[LVWă�QXPHURDVH�FXUVXUL�DGUHVDWH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�LQGLIHUHQW�GH�IRUPDUHD�LQL܊LDOă�D�DFHVWRUD��$VWIHO��GLYHUVH�LQVWLWX܊LL��RUJDQL]D܊LL��IXQGD܊LL�QRQ�JXYHUQDPHQWDOH��DVRFLD܊LL�SURIHVLRQDOH�DFUHGLWDWH��OLYUHD]ă�FXUVXUL�DFUHGLWDWH�GH�FăWUH�0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�VDX�GH�FăWUH�&ROHJLXO�3VLKRORJLORU�GLQ�5RPkQLD��(OH�SRW�YL]D�DVSHFWH�VSHFL¿FH��GH�H[��PDQDJHPHQWXO�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��GH]YROWDUHD�JkQGLULL�FULWL�FH��VDX�DVSHFWH�PDL�JHQHUDOH��GH�H[��GH]YROWDUHD�LQWHOLJHQ܊HL�HPR܊LRQDOH��GH]�YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH���'H܈L� OHJHD� vL� REOLJă�SH�FRQVLOLHULL��L�Vă�DFXPXOH]H�XQ�DQXPLW�QXPăU�GH܈�FRODUL�Vă�SDUWLFLSH�OD�FXUVXUL�GH�IRUPDUH܈FUHGLWH�SHULRGLF��QX�H[LVWă�R�HYDOXDUH�D�PRGXOXL�vQ�FDUH�DFHVWH�FXQR܈WLQ܊H�VXQW�DSRL�WUDQVIHUDWH�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�SUDFWLFă�GLQ܈�FROL܈�L�FDELQHWH�

&X� WRDWH� DFHVWHD�� DQDOL]kQG� GRFXPHQWHOH� (XURJXLGDQFH� �KWWS���ZZZ�HX�URJXLGDQFH�HX��� VH� FRQVWDWă� Fă� SHUVRDQHOH� UHVSRQVDELOH� GH� FRQVLOLHUHD�HGXFD܊LRQDOă܈�L�YRFD܊LRQDOă�OD�QLYHO�LQWHUQD܊LRQDO��QX�VXQW�H[FOXVLY�SVLKRORJL��)LHFDUH� �DUă܊ DUH� SURSULLOH� FDGUH� OHJDOH� �L܈ SULQFLSLL� GXSă� FDUH� RUJDQL]HD]ă�DFHDVWă�DFWLYLWDWH܈�L�SURFHVXO�GH�IRUPDUH�D�FRQVLOLHULORU��XQ�DVSHFW�IRDUWH�LP�SRUWDQW�GH�UH܊LQXW�HVWH�IDSWXO�Fă�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�LQWHUYHQ܊LLOH�GHUXODWH�VH�UHFRPDQ�Gă�D�¿�SOLDWH�SH�VSHFL¿FXO܈�L�QHYRLOH�FXOWXUDOH�DOH܊�ăULL�vQ�FDUH�v܈L�GHVIă܈RDUă�DFWLYLWDWHD��6KHSKHUG��������+RKHQVKLO��$PXQGVRQ��1LOHV��HGV����������&X�DOWH�FXYLQWH��DP�SXWHD�VSXQH�Fă�XQHOH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�VSHFL¿FH�SH�FDUH�DU�WUHEXL�Vă�OH�SRVHGH�FRQVLOLHUXO܈�FRODU�VXQW�GHSHQGHQWH�GH�VSHFL¿FXO�FXOWXUDO�DO܊�ăULL�VDX�UHJLXQLL��+XJKHV܈�L�FRODE�O���������0F$XOLIIH܈�L�0LFKDODN��������

Page 72: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

66

������'H]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�VLVWHPXO�SULYDW�GH�HGXFD܊LH܈�L�vQYă܊ăPkQWXO�DOWHUQDWLY'XSă�UHYROX܊LD�GLQ�������QHPXO܊XPL܊L�GH�FDOLWDWHD�VDX�SDUWLFXODULWă܊LOH�VLVWH�PXOXL�QD܊LRQDO�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW��R�VHULH�GH�SăULQ܊L�DX�DOHV�vQVFULHUHD�FRSLLORU�ORU�vQ� VLVWHPH� DOWHUQDWLYH� GH� HGXFD܊LH� �PDMRULWDWHD� SULYDWH���$VWIHO�� SHGDJRJLD�:DOGRUI��HGXFD܊LD�0RQWHVVRUL�VDX�6WHS�E\�VWHS��FDUH�HUDX�SULYLWH�FD�VSHFL¿FH�vQYă܊ăPkQWXOXL�VSHFLDO��DX�vQFHSXW�Vă�¿H�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�DSUHFLDWH�GDWRULWă�YL]LXQLL� ORU�DVXSUD�HGXFD܊LHL�� ÌQYă܊DUHD�SULQ�H[SHULHQ܊ă�� UHVSHFWDUHD�QLYHOX�ULORU� LQGLYLGXDOH� GH� GH]YROWDUH�� vQFXUDMDUHD� FUHDWLYLWă܊LL� �L܈ D� JkQGLULL� FULWLFH��DFFHQWXO�SXV�SH�LQWHUDF܊LXQL�VRFLDOH܈�L�QX�SH�SHUIRUPDQ܊H�DFDGHPLFH��IDF�GLQ�DFHVWH�DOWHUQDWLYH�R�PRGDOLWDWH�H¿FLHQWă�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH��LL�SULYDWH܊ă��FHOH�DSUR[LPDWLY�����GH�LQVWLWX܊LRQDOH��ÌQ�PRPHQWXO�GH�ID܊L�HPR܈GHVHUYHVF��vQ�SULQFLSDO��SRSXOD܊LD�GH�YkUVWă�SUH܈FRODUă܈�L�vQFHDUFă�Vă�DGXFă�vQ�VLVWHP�DERUGăUL�QRL��FDUH܈�L�DX�GRYHGLW�H¿FLHQ܊D�vQ܊�ăUL�SUHFXP�68$��0DUHD�%ULWDQLH�� VDX� �ăULOH܊ QRUGLFH� �'DQHPDUFD�� 1RUYHJLD�� 6XHGLD��� 'H� H[HPSOX��vQ�&OXM�1DSRFD�H[LVWă�FRQFHSWXO� Ä*UăGLQL܊D�GLQ�SăGXUH´��R� LQL܊LDWLYă�SULYDWă�FDUH��GLQ�������D�vQFHSXW�Vă�RIHUH�FXUVXUL�GH�IRUPDUH�SHQWUX�HGXFDWRUL܈�L�DO܊L�DJHQ܊L�LQWHUHVD܊L��&KLDU�GDFă�VXQW�OD�vQFHSXW܈�L�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�VH�GHUXOHD]ă�GRDU�GLPLQHD܊D��vQ�SDUWHQHULDW�FX�0X]HXO�(WQRJUD¿F��GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�PXO܊L�FRSLL�VXQW� vQVFUL܈L� vQ�DFHVWH�JUXSH��$OWH�H[HPSOH�DU�¿܇�FRDOD�URPkQR�¿QODQGH]ă�GLQ�%XFXUH܈WL�FDUH�vPELQă�FXUULFXOXPXO�QD܊LRQDO�FX�VLVWHPXO�¿QODQGH]��PHWR�GHOH�GH�SUHGDUH܈�L�FOLPDWXO���LDU�OD�3LWH܈WL�VH�DÀă�XQ�FHQWUX�HGXFD܊LRQDO�FDUH�SURPRYHD]ă�DFHHD܈L�¿ORVR¿H��'LQ�WRDPQD�DFHVWXL�DQ���������OD�&OXM�1DSRFD�v܈L�YRU�GHVFKLGH�SRU܊LOH�JUăGLQL܊D܈�L܈�FRDOD�*UHHQ�6FKRRO��FDUH�DGRSWă�R�¿OR�VR¿H�GH�HGXFD܊LH�LQWHJUDWă��ED]DWă�SH�H[SHULPHQWDUH܈�L�LQWHUDF܊LXQH�FX�QDWX�UD��vPELQă�WHKQLFL�GH�SUHGDUH�GLQ�SHGDJRJLD�¿QODQGH]ă��0RQWHVVRUL��:DOGRUI��¿ORVR¿D�5HJJLR�(PLOLD܈��D����¿LQG�DVWIHO�SULPD�LQL܊LDWLYă�GH�DFHVW�JHQ�GLQ܊�DUă��

)ăUă� D� PLQLPL]D� LPSRUWDQ܊D� WXWXURU� FHORUODOWH� DERUGăUL�� YRP� SUH]HQWD� vQ�FRQWLQXDUH� H[HPSOXO� �FROLORU܈ EULWDQLFH� GLQ� 5RPkQLD� �GH� OD� &OXM�1DSRFD� �L܈%XFXUH܈WL��FDUH�LQWHJUHD]ă�6(/�vQ�FXUULFXOXP�XO܈�FRODU�OD�WRDWH�YkUVWHOH܈�L�OD�QLYHOXO�vQWUHJLL܈�FROL�

,QWHUQDWLRQDO�%ULWLVK�6FKRRO�RI�%XFKDUHVW�HVWH�R܈�FRDOă�SULYDWă�FDUH�FX�SULQGH� WRDWH� FLFOXULOH� GH� vQYă܊ăPkQW� �L܈ vQ� FDUH� VH� LPSOHPHQWHD]ă� FXUULFX�OXP�XO�EULWDQLF܈�L�SULQFLSLLOH�GH�HGXFD܊LH�SURPRYDWH�vQ�$QJOLD��6SUH�GHRVHELUH�GH�VLVWHPXO� URPkQHVF� WUDGL܊LRQDO�� vQ�DFHDVWă܈�FRDOă�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�HVWH� FRQVLGHUDWă�H[WUHP�GH� LPSRUWDQWă�� FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH� ¿LQG�IRUPDWH� SHQWUX� D� SUHGD� FXUULFXOXP�XO� 36+(� �3HUVRQDO�� 6RFLDO� DQG�+HDOWK�(GXFDWLRQ���$VWIHO��vQDLQWH�GH�vQFHSHUHD�¿HFăUXL�DQ܈�FRODU��FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�vPSUHXQă�FX�FRQGXFHUHD܈�FROLL܈�L�ÄFRQVLOLHUXO܈�FRODU´�DOHJ�R�WHPă�GLQ�FXUUL�

Page 73: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

67

FXOXP�SH�FDUH�R�GH]EDW�SH�SDUFXUVXO�DQXOXL��VDX�DO�XQXL�VHPHVWUX��$FHVWH�WHPH� FRUHVSXQG� QHYRLORU� �FROLL܈ �L܈ DOH� HOHYLORU� �L܈ VH� DERUGHD]ă� LQWHJUDW� �OD�WRDWH�GLVFLSOLQHOH��VDX�VHSDUDW��vQ�FDGUXO�RUHORU�GH�36+(��'H�H[HPSOX��WHPD�DOHDVă�SHQWUX�DQXO܈�FRODU������D�IRVW�UHGXFHUHD�YLROHQ܊HL��(OHYLL�DX�GLVFXWDW�GHVSUH�FH�vQVHDPQă�DJUHVLYLWDWHD��FXP�VH�PDQLIHVWă��VSUH�FLQH�HVWH�RULHQ�WDWă��FH�SRW�IDFH��FXL�UDSRUWHD]ă�OD�QLYHOXO�FODVHL��DO܈�FROLL��DJUHVLXQLOH���FDUH�VXQW�GUHSWXULOH� ORU��LQFOXVLY�DXWRULWă܊LOH� OD�FDUH�SRW�DSHOD�vQ�FD]XO�vQ�FDUH�vQ�IDPLOLH�VXQW�DJUHVD܊L���GDU܈�L�VWUDWHJLL�GH�SUHYHQLUH�D�FRQÀLFWHORU��H[��FRPXQL�FDUHD�DVHUWLYă��VDX�VWUDWHJLL�GH�FRSLQJ�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�VWUHVXOXL��H[��VWUDWHJLL�UH]LOLHQWH���/D�FODVHOH�PDL�PDUL��HOHYLL�GH���±���DQL��WHPD�HVWH�DERUGDWă܈�L�GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�HGXFD܊LHL�VH[XDOH��DGLFă�HOHYLL�vQYD܊ă�GHVSUH�KăU܊XLUHD�VH[X�DOă��FH�GUHSWXUL�DX�vQWU�R�UHOD܊LH�LQWLPă��FXP�SRW�UHDF܊LRQD�DGDSWDWLY�OD�DJUH�VLYLWDWHD�SDUWHQHUXOXL�HWF��3URJUDPXO�36+(�DERUGHD]ă�WHPH�YDULDWH��DVWIHO�Fă��OD�VIkU܈LWXO�SHULRDGHL�GH܈�FRODUL]DUH��FRSLLL�DX�QR܊LXQL�DSURIXQGDWH�GHVSUH�SXEHUWDWH��FH�vQVHDPQă�DOHJHULOH�vQ�YLD܊ă��DOLPHQWD܊LH܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�Vă�QăWRDVH��GUHSWXUL܈�L�UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊L��VLJXUDQ܊ă�SHUVRQDOă��HGXFD܊LH�VH[XDOă��VWUDWHJLL� UH]LOLHQWH�GH�D�IDFH�ID܊ă�SUREOHPHORU�SHUVRQDOH��DXWR�JRVSRGăULUH��FDULHUă��HGXFD܊LH�¿QDQFLDUă�HWF��7RDWH�DFHVWHD�VXQW�FRQVLGHUDWH�D�¿�DELOLWă܊L�GH�YLD܊ă��VLVWHPXO�EULWDQLF�GH�HGXFD܊LH�YDORUL]kQGX�OH�OD�IHO�GH�PXOW�SUHFXP�DSUHFLD]ă� SHUIRUPDQ܊D� DFDGHPLFă� vQ� VLQH� �SULQFLSXO� SH� FDUH� VH� ED]HD]ă�¿LQGFă�SHUIRUPDQ܊D�DFDGHPLFă�HVWH�IDYRUL]DWă�GH�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�SH�FDUH�R�H[SHULHQ܊LD]ă�FRSLL܈�L�WLQHULL�vQ�FDGUXO܈�FROLL���5H]XODWH�VLPLODUH�DP�RE܊LQXW܈�L�QRL�vQWU�XQ�VWXGLX�UHODWLY�UHFHQW�SULQ�FDUH�DP�LQYHVWLJDW�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�OD�HOHYLL�GH�OLFHX�GLQ�5RPkQLD��$X�IRVW�SULQ܈L�vQ�VWXGLX�SHVWH������HOHYL�GLQ�WRDWH�UHJL�XQLOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�DOH܊�ăULL��5H]XOWDWHOH�QRDVWUH�DX�GHPRQVWUDW�Fă�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�D�HOHYLORU�VH�DVRFLD]ă�DWkW�FX�FRPSRQHQWD�VXELHFWLYă�D�SHUIRUPDQ܊HORU�DFHVWRUD��FXDQWL¿FDWă�DLFL�SULQ�DXWRH¿FDFLWDWHD�DFDGHPLFă��FkW܈�L�FX�FRPSR�QHQWD�RELHFWLYă��LGHQWL¿FDWă�DLFL�SULQ�SULVPD�QRWHORU�RE܊LQXWH܈�L�D�QXPăUXOXL�GH�FRULMHQ܊H��&X�DOWH�FXYLQWH��UH]XOWDWHOH�QRDVWUH�DUDWă�Fă�HOHYLL�FX�XQ�QLYHO�ULGLFDW�DO�VWăULL�GH�ELQH�DX�PDL�PXOWă�vQFUHGHUH�vQ�FDSDFLWDWHD�ORU�GH�D�RE܊LQH�QRWH�EXQH܈�L� QX�GRDU�DWkW�� HL� FKLDU� RE܊LQ� OD�PRGXO� RELHFWLY�QRWH�PDL�EXQH��%HUWHD��2SUH��2SUH��3LQWHD��3HWUDFKH��������

7UDQV\OYDQLD� &ROOHJH� HVWH� SULPD� LQVWLWX܊LH� GH� vQYă܊ăPkQW� SULYDW� GLQ�&OXM�1DSRFD� vQ� FDUH� VH� LPSOHPHQWHD]ă� FXUULFXOXPXO� URPkQHVF�� GDU� �L܈ FHO�&DPEULGJH�� )RFDOL]DUHD� SH� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� VRFLDOH� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOH� D�IRVW�vQ�SHUPDQHQ܊ă�R�FDOLWDWH�GLVWLQFWă�D�LQVWLWX܊LHL�FDUH�D�SUHOXDW�PRGHOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL�vQ�DFHVW�GRPHQLX�GLQ�PDL�PXOWH܊�ăUL܈�L܈�FROL��GH�H[��SURJUDPD�GH�HGXFDUH�D�FDUDFWHUXOXL�GLQ�68$�VDX�SULQFLSLL�GH�HGXFD܊LH�DOWHUQDWLYă�SUH�OXDWH�GLQ�VLVWHPXO�RODQGH]���ÌQ�XOWLPLL�GRL�DQL�vQVă܈��FRDOD�D�LPSOHPHQWDW�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�HQJO��leadership�DGUHVDW�HOHYLORU�vQ�YHGHUHD�SUHJăWLULL�ORU�SHQWUX�YLD܊D܈�FRODUă��SHUVRQDOă܈�L�SURIHVLRQDOă��$FFHQWXO�VH�SXQH�SH�DVXPDUHD�GH�UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊L�FDUH�GHULYă�GLQ�GLYHUVH�UROXUL�SH�FDUH�FRSLLL܈�L�HOHYLL�OH�SULPHVF�

Page 74: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

VDX� OH� Fk܈WLJă� �H[�� SULHWHQXO� GLQ� FXUWHD� JUăGLQL܊HL�� FRSLOXO� VăSWăPkQLL�� HOHY�DPEDVDGRU��PHGLDWRU��FăSLWDQ�GH�HFKLSă��PHPEUX� vQ�&RQVLOLXO�HOHYLORU�VDX�UHSUH]HQWDQW�DO�HOHYLORU�HWF���'H܈L�QX�H[LVWă�R�HYDOXDUH�D�HIHFWXOXL�DFHVWXL�SURJUDP�� SăULQ܊LL� �L܈ FDGUHOH� GLGDFWLFH�PHQ܊LRQHD]ă� R� VHULH� GH� FRPSHWHQ܊H�vPEXQăWă܊LWH� OD�FRSLL��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�DVFXOWD�DFWLY��GH�D� OXD�GHFL]LL��GH�D܈�L�H[SULPD�GHPRFUDWLF�SXQFWXO�GH�YHGHUH��GH�D�OXFUD�ELQH�FX�FHLODO܊L��GH�D�VHWD�RELHFWLYH�FODUH܈�L�GH�D�UH]ROYD�SUREOHPH�

������([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL&D�vQ�PXOWH�DOWH܊�ăUL�GLQ�OXPH܈��L�vQ�5RPkQLD�SXQFWXO�GH�SOHFDUH�SHQWUX�GH]�YROWDUHD� SURJUDPHORU� GH� GH]YROWDUHD� VRFLDOă� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOă� O�DX� FRQVWLWXLW�UH]XOWDWHOH�XQRU�SURLHFWH�GH�FHUFHWDUH� UHDOL]DWH�DWkW�GH�FăWUH�FDGUH�GLGDF�WLFH� XQLYHUVLWDUH�� FkW� �L܈ GH� FăWUH� SUDFWLFLHQL� FDUH� DFWLYHD]ă� vQ� SUHXQLYHUVL�WDU��'H�DOWIHO��OLWHUDWXUD�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�UHOHYă�QHHFKLYRF�XWLOLWDWHD܈�L�H¿FLHQ܊D�XQRU� DVHPHQHD� LQWHUYHQ܊LL� DVXSUD� VWăULL� GH� VăQăWDWH�PHQWDOă� D� FRSLLORU� �L܈DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�� DVXSUD� UHGXFHULL� DEDQGRQXOXL� �FRODU܈ �L܈ D� HIHFWHORU� DVXSUD�FRSLLORU�GLQ�JUXSXULOH�GH� ULVF� �YH]L�SUH]HQWDUHD�GHWDOLDWă�D�DFHVWRU�DVSHFWH�GLQ�FDSLWROXO�DQWHULRU���3ULQ�XUPDUH��SULPXO�SDV�D�IRVW�DFHOD�GH�WUDGXFHUH܈�L�DGDSWDUH�D�XQRU�PDWHULDOH�GHMD�H[LVWHQWH� �L܈ YDOLGDWH� vQ� VWUăLQăWDWH��(OH� VH�DGUHVHD]D� SULRULWDU�� GDU� QX� H[FOXVLY�� FRSLLORU� GLQ� vQYă܊ăPkQWXO� SUH܈FRODU� �L܈�FRODU�PLF��$VWIHO��FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH�FX�H[SHUWL]ă�GLQ�FDGUXO�'HSDUWDPHQWXOXL܈GH�3VLKRORJLH�GH�OD�)DFXOWDWHD�GH�3VLKRORJLH܈�L܇�WLLQ܊H�DOH�(GXFD܊LHL�GLQ�FD�GUX�8QLYHUVLWă܊LL�%DEH܈�%RO\DL��vQ������DX�WUDGXV܈�L�DGDSWDW�OD�SDUWLFXODULWă܊LOH�FXOWXUDOH�GLQ�5RPkQLD�FDUWHD�Ä3RYH܈WL�UD܊LRQDOH�SHQWUX�FRSLL´��HQJO��Rational Stories for Children ±�:DWHUV���������LDU�vQ������DFHHD܈L�HFKLSă�D�WUDGXV܈�L�DGDSWDW�SURJUDPXO�Ä'H]YROWDUHD�LQWHOLJHQ܊HL�HPR܊LRQDOH�SULQ�HGXFD܊LH�UD܊LRQDO�HPRWLYă܈�L� FRPSRUWDPHQWDOă� �HQJO��7KLQNLQJ��)HHOLQJ��%HKDYLQJ�±�9HUQRQ��������FX�YROXPH�GLVWLQFWH�SHQWUX�WRDWH�FLFOXULOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�GLQ�SUHXQLYHU�VLWDU� FODVHOH� ,±;,,���%D]DWH�SH� WHRULD� UD܊LRQDO�HPRWLYă܈�L� FRPSRUWDPHQWDOă��DPEHOH�SURJUDPH�DX� IRVW� WHVWDWH�SH�SRSXOD܊LD� URPkQHVFă� �2SUH܈�L�'DYLG��������9DLGD��.DOOD\܈�L�2SUH��������&ULVWHD��%HQJD܈�L�2SUH��������2SUH܈�L�*LEă��������2SUH�DW�DO���������ÌQ�XUPD�WHVWăULL� ORU��SURJUDPHOH�DX�IRVW�SUR�PRYDWH� vQ� UkQGXO�SVLKRORJLORU��SăULQ܊LORU܈�L�PDL�DOHV�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH� vQ�FDGUXO� XQRU� SURJUDPH� GH� IRUPDUH� FRQWLQXă� DGUHVDWH� DFHVWRUD��'D�� 3RрL���'REUHDQ܈�L�FRODE���������HVWH� WUDGXFHUHD� vQ� OLPED� URPkQă�D�SURJUDPXOXL�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�<RX�&DQ�'R�,W���%HUQDUG���������$FHVWD�HVWH�XQXO�GLQWUH�FHOH�PDL�UăVSkQGLWH�SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�6(/��XWLOL]DW� vQ�68$��$XVWUDOLD��1RXD�=HHODQGă��0DUHD�%ULWDQLH��6LQJDSRUH܈�L�HVWH�DGUHVDW�FRSLLORU�FX�YkUVWH� vQWUH܈���L� ����DQL��7RDWH�DFHVWH� WUHL� SURJUDPH�VXQW� IXQGDPHQWD�WH�GH� WHRULD� UD܊LRQDO�HPRWLYă�� ÌQ� FLXGD�XQRU� UH]XODWH�SR]LWLYH�� SUREDWH�SULQ�VWXGLL�HPSLULFH��GDU܈�L�REVHUYDWLL�VLVWHPDWLFH�OD�FODVD܈�L�JUXSD��DX�H[LVWDW܈�L�

Page 75: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

69

DQXPLWH�DPHQGDPHQWH�GLQ�SDUWHD�XWLOL]DWRULORU��$FHVWHD�DX�YL]DW��GL¿FXOWă܊LOH�GH�DGDSWDUH�FXOWXUDOă��GH�H[HPSOX��VXQW�DQDOL]DWH܈�L�GH]EăWXWH�VLWXD܊LL�FDUH�QX�VH�vQWkOQHVF�vQ�VLVWHPXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�URPkQHVF���LQVX¿FLHQWD�vQ܊HOHJHUH�D�PRGHOXOXL�WHRUHWLF��GXUDWD�UHODWLY�VFXUWă�D�LQWHUYHQ܊LHL��3ULQ�XUPDUH��D�UHLH܈LW�QHYRLD�GH�GH]YROWDUH�DG�KRF�D�XQRU�SURJUDPH�FDUH�Vă�UăVSXQGă�PDL�H[SOLFLW�FXOWXULL�GLQ܈�FROLOH�URPkQH܈WL��QHYRLORU�UHDOH�DOH�FRSLLORU�QR܈WUL��0DL�H[DFW��D�UHLH܈LW�QHFHVLWDWHD�XQHL�HFRORJL]ăUL��SOLHULL�PDL�H[SOLFLWH�SH�QHYRLOH�ORFDOH��D�SURJUDPHORU��([HPSOHOH�SH�FDUH�OH�YRP�GHWDOLD�vQ�FHOH�FH�XUPHD]ă�SUH]LQWă�SURJUDPH�YDOLGDWH�HPSLULF��UHDOL]DWH�vQ�SULQFLSDO�GH�FHUFHWăWRULL܈�L�SUDFWLFLHQL�GLQ�FDGUXO�8QLYHUVLWă܊LL�%DEH܈�%RO\DL��6XQWHP�FRQ܈WLHQ܊L�Fă�HVWH�SRVLELO�FD܈�L�DOWH�SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�6(/�Vă�¿H�GH]YROWDWH܈�L�WHVWDWH�vQ�5RPkQLD��GH�H[HPSOX�vQ�FDGUXO�XQRU�OXFUăUL�GH�OLFHQ܊ă��PDVWHUDW��GRFWRUDW��VDX�SRDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�XQRU�21*�XUL���vQVă�HOH�QX�DX�SXWXW�¿�LGHQWL¿FDWH�vQ�ED]HOH�GH�GDWH�VWXGLDWH��

([HPSOXO� ��� 3URJUDPXO�6(/)� .LW�� 6RFLDO� (PRWLRQDO� /HDUQLQJ� )DFLOLWDWRU�.,7��6(/)�.LW��HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�HGXFD܊LH�UD܊LRQDO�HPRWLYă܈�L�FRPSRUWD�PHQWDOă��2SUH܈�L�FRODE���������2SUH܈�L�FRODE���������%X]JDU܈�L�FRODE���������FDUH�XUPăUH܈WH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�OD�FRSLLL�FX�YkU�VWH�FXSULQVH� vQWUH܈���L����DQL��3URJUDPXO�H[LVWă�VXE� IRUPD�D�GRXă�SDFKH�WH�GLVWLQFWH�±�XQ�SDFKHW�SHQWUX�SUH܈FRODUL܈�L�XQ�SDFKHW�SHQWUX܈�FRODULL�PLFL��)LHFDUH�SDFKHW�DUH��OD�UkQGXO�OXL��GRXă�YHUVLXQL��D��YHUVLXQHD�SHQWUX�FDGUXO�GLGDFWLF܈�L��UHVSHFWLY��YHUVLXQHD�SHQWUX�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL��)LHFDUH�SDFKHW�LQ�FOXGH�XQ�YROXP�GH�SRYH܈WL�WHUDSHXWLFH܈�L�GRXă�VHWXUL�GH�PDWHULDOH�DX[LOLDUH��XQXO�DGUHVDW�FDGUXOXL�GLGDFWLF�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU܈�L�XQXO�DGUHVDW�GLUHFW�FR�SLLORU�� 3RYH܈WLOH� WHUDSHXWLFH�� vPSUHXQă� FX� WRDWH� FRPSRQHQWHOH� GLQ� VHWXULOH�DX[LOLDUH��VXQW�HODERUDWH�SULQ�UDSRUWDUH�OD�RSW�HPR܊LL�QHJDWLYH�GLVIXQF܊LRQDOH��GHSUHVLH��WULVWH܊H�SURIXQGă���DQ[LHWDWH��UX܈LQH��IXULH��UăQLUH��LQYLGLH��JHOR]LH܈�L�YLQRYă܊LH��3URJUDPXO܈�L�D�GRYHGLW�H¿FLHQ܊D�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH��������L�FRODE܈�2SUH��LRQDOH܊L�HPR܈�%X]JDU܈�L�2SUH��������L�vQ�UHGX܈�������FHUHD�SUREOHPHORU�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW��2SUH��%X]JDU��*KLPEXOX��2܊UPHQL܈DQ���������6(/)�.,7�SRDWH� ¿� IRORVLW� FD�SURJUDP�GH� LQWHUYHQ܊LH� VDX�SUHYHQ܊LH��GUHSW�FXUV�RS܊LRQDO�VDX�LQWHJUDW�vQ�FXUULFXOXP��3HQWUX�D�SXWHD�XWLOL]D�SURJUD�PXO�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊L�GH�JUXS�VDX�LQGLYLGXDOH��vQ�VHVLXQL�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�LQGLYLGXDOă���FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH܈�L�FRQVLOLHULL�WUHEXLH�Vă�SDUWLFLSH��LQ�SUHDODELO��OD�XQ�FXUV�GH�IRUPDUH�FUHGLWă�GH�FăWUH�0(1܈�L�&236,��$FHVWD�VHUYH܈WH�DWkW�vQ܊HOHJHULL�PR�GHOXOXL�WHRUHWLF�FDUH�IXQGDPHQWHD]ă�SURJUDPXO��FkW܈�L�D�PRGXOXL�vQ�FDUH�SRD�WH�¿�IRORVLW��3URJUDPXO�D�IRVW�GLVWULEXLW�ODUJ�vQ܈�FROL��JUăGLQL܊H��&HQWUH�-XGH܊HQH�GH�$VLVWHQ܊ă�3VLKRSHGDJRJLFă��FDELQHWH�GH�SVLKRORJLH܈�L�DOWH�LQVWLWX܊LL��7RWX܈L��QX� H[LVWă� R� VWDWLVWLFă� SUHFLVă� D� QXPăUXOXL� GH� LQVWLWX܊LL� FDUH� vO� IRORVHVF� vQ�PRG�FXUHQW�

([HPSOXO����7RW�vQ�FDGUXO�'HSDUWDPHQWXOXL�GH�SVLKRORJLH�GH�OD�&OXM��D�IRVW�GH]YROWDW� SURJUDPXO� GH� SUHYHQ܊LH� HQJO�� 6RFLDO�(PRWLRQDO� 3UHYHQWLRQ�

Page 76: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

3URJUDP� Acesta�XUPăUH܈WH�GH]YROWDUHD�FDSDFLWă܊LL�SUH܈FRODULORU�GH�D�QXPL��L܈ UHFXQRD܈WH� vQ�PRG�FRUHFW�HPR܊LLOH�GH�ED]ă� �EXFXULD�� WULVWH܊HD�� VXUSUL]D��IULFD��IXULD���GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�DFHOH�FRQWH[WH�vQ�FDUH�VLPW�HPR܊LLOH��GH�D�vQYă܊D�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�SURVRFLDOH� �DOWHUQDWLYH� OD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXO�DJUHVLY�܈�L�GH�D�vQYă܊D�VWUDWHJLL�GH�UH]ROYDUH�D�SUREOHPHORU��3URJUDPXO܈�L�D�GRYHGLW�H¿FLHQ܊D�vQ� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�� UHGXFHUHD� FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL�DJUHVLY܈�L�FUH܈WHUHD�HPSDWLHL��܇WHIDQ܈�L�0LFOHD���������FUH܈WHUHD�FRPSRUWD�PHQWHORU�DGDSWDWLYH��D�H[SUHVLHL�HPR܊LRQDOH��UHGXFHUHD�SUREOHPHORU�GH�H[�WHUQDOL]DUH��܇WHIDQ܈�L�0LFOHD���������1X�DYHP�FXQR܈WLQ܊H� OD�DFHVW�PRPHQW�GHVSUH�XWLOL]DUHD�SURJUDPXOXL�vQ�DIDUD܈�FROLORU�vQ�FDUH�D�IRVW�YDOLGDW�

([HPSOXO����3URJUDPXO�3OD\LQJ�IRU�/LIH��'UDFLQVFNL��������HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�DGUHVDW�FRSLLORU�GH܈�FRDOă�SULPDUă�����±������DQL��DO�FăUXL�VFRS�HVWH�GH]YRO�WDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH��HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�D�UH]LOLHQ܊HL��3URJUDPXO�D�IRVW�YDOLGDW�vQ�FDGUXO�WH]HL�GH�GRFWRUDW�D�DXWRDUHL��vQVă�QX�DP�RE܊LQXW�GDWH�UHIHULWRDUH�OD�XWLOL]DUHD�OXL�vQ܈�FROL�

([HPSOXO����3URJUDPXO�$WHOLHUH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLR�HPRрLRQDOă�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�HODERUDW�vQ�FDGUXO�XQHL�WH]H�GH�GRFWRUDW��܇XOHD��������FDUH�v܈L�SURSX�QH�GH]YROWDUHD�DFHVWRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H�OD�FRSLLL�GH�JUăGLQL܊ă��SH�WUHL�GLPHQVLXQL��IRUPDUHD�SHUVRQDOXOXL�GLQ�JUăGLQL܊ă�SHQWUX�D�VSULMLQL�GH]YROWDUHD�FRSLLORU��DWHOL�HUH�VSHFL¿FH�SHQWUX�FRSLL܈�L�WUDLQLQJ�SHQWUX�SăULQ܊L��3ULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�SRYH܈WLORU��MRFXULORU�� GLVFX܊LLORU�� VWXGLLORU� GH� FD]�� SURJUDPXO� GH]YROWă� FRPSHWHQ܊HOH� GH�UHFXQRD܈WHUH܈�L�H[SULPDUH�D�HPR܊LLORU��vQ܊HOHJHUH܈�L�PDQDJHPHQWXO�DFHVWRUD��FRPSOLDQ܊D�OD�UHJXOL��FRPSRUWDPHQWXO�SURVRFLDO܈�L�DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�UHOD܊LRQDUH��

$QDOL]kQG�H[HPSOHOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL��SURLHFWDWH�vQ�UDSRUWXO�FX�VSHFL¿FLWDWHD�ORFDOă܈�L�WHVWDWH�DLFL��GLQ܊�DUD�QRDVWUă��FRQVLGHUăP�LPSRUWDQW�GH�PHQ܊LRQDW܈�L�DFHOH�DFWLYLWă܊L�FDUH�VH�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�vQ܈�FROL܈�L�JUăGLQL܊H��GDU�FDUH�QX�VXQW�HYDOXDWH܈�L�FXQRVFXWH�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��(OH�UăVSXQG�PDL�GHJUDEă�XQRU�QHYRL��L�LPSOHPHQWHD܈�L�FRSLL�SHQWUX�FDUH�VH�FUHHD]ă܈�LQWLWH�DOH�JUXSXULORU�GH�HOHYL܊]ă�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�UHVSHFWLYH��R�SUH]HQWDUH�SH�ODUJ�D�DFHVWRU�FRQFOX]LL�SXWkQG�¿�UHJăVLWă�vQ�FDSLWROXO�XUPăWRU�DO�DFHVWXL�UDSRUW�

7RW�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�H[HPSOHOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL�GLQ�GRPHQLX��FRQVLGHUăP�Fă�SXWHP�vQFDGUD�DLFL܈�L�HIRUWXULOH�SHQWUX�HFKLSDUHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�FX�PD�WHULDOH�VXSRUW܈�L�FRPSHWHQ܊H�FDUH�Vă�OH�SHUPLWă�HODERUDUHD܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�OD�FODVă�D�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�6(/��3UH]HQWăP�VXFFLQFW��vQ�UkQGXULOH�GH�PDL�MRV��FkWHYD�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH�FX�¿QDQ܊DUH�H[WHUQă�

�� 3URJUDPXO�2SHUD܊LRQDO�6WUXFWXUDO�'H]YROWDUHD�5HVXUVHORU�8PDQH��vQ� VSHFLDO� SULQ� '0,���� Ä'H]YROWDUHD� UHVXUVHORU� XPDQH� vQ� HGXFD܊LH��L܈ IRUPDUH� SURIHVLRQDOă´� D� SXV� OD� GLVSR]L܊LD� 0LQLVWHUXOXL� (GXFD܊LHL�

Page 77: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

1D܊LRQDOH�� D� LQVWLWX܊LLORU� SXEOLFH� �L܈ SULYDWH� IRQGXUL� VXEVWDQ܊LDOH�SHQWUX�FUHDUHD܈�L� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH� IRUPDUH�FDUH�Vă�YL]H]H�GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�SHQWUX�DFWLYLWDWHD�FX�FR�SLL܈�L�WLQHUL��$VWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH�DX�IRVW�Ä)RUPDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�SHU�VRQDOXOXL�GLGDFWLF�SHQWUX�SURPRYDUHD�VWăULL�GH�ELQH�D�FRSLLORU�vQ܈�FROL´��Ä$ELOLWDUHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�GLQ�SUHXQLYHUVLWDU�vQ�YHGHUHD�GH]YROWăULL�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�OD�FRSLL´�HWF��$[D�SULRULWDUă�'0,�����D�YL]DW� vQ�VSHFLDO�SURLHFWH�GHVWLQDWH�FRQVLOLHULL� vQ�FDULHUă��RULHQWăULL�SUR�IHVLRQDOH� �L܈ SUHYHQLULL� DEDQGRQXOXL� ��FRODU܈ H[HPSOH� GH� SURLHFWH� ¿LQG�Ä2�GHFL]LH� LQIRUPDWă�� R� FDULHUD� DVLJXUDWă� ±� SURJUDP�GH� FRQVLOLHUH� �L܈RULHQWDUH�SURIHVLRQDOă´��Ä&DULHUD�WD�vQFHSH�D]L��±�SURJUDP�GH�FRQVLOLHUH��L�RULHQWDUH�SURIHVLRQDOă´�HWF��8Q�DOW�SURLHFW܈ LPSRUWDQW�D�IRVW�Ä$ELOLWă܊L�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOă�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH´��XQGH�DFFHQ�WXO�D�IRVW�SH�GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�GH�DVFXOWD�UH�DFWLYă��RIHULUH�GH�IHHGEDFN��PDQDJHPHQWXO�HPR܊LLORU��&X�VLJXUDQ܊ă��FHOH�PDL�DPSOH��GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�DO�QXPăUXOXL�GH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L�FD�EHQH¿FLDUL�LQWHUPHGLDUL��DGXO܊L��SăULQ܊L��FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��IRUPDWRUL�IDFLOL�WDWRUL�±�SHVWH������܈�L�FRSLL��FD�JUXS܊�LQWă��DSUR[LPDWLY����������DX�IRVW�SURLHFWHOH�$OHJH܈�FRDOD�GHUXODWH�vQ�FDGUXO�XQXL�SDUWHQHULDW�VHPQDW�vQ�WUH�)XQGD܊LD�:RUOG�9LVLRQ��3DWULDUKLD�5RPkQă܈�L�8QLYHUVLWDWHD�Ä%DEH܈�%RO\DL´��(OH�V�DX�GHUXODW�vQ�SHULRDGD������L�DX�SUHVXSXV�DFR܈�����±SHULUHD�D�SHVWH����GH�MXGH܊H�GLQ���UHJLXQL�GH�GH]YROWDUH�DOH�5RPkQLHL��DYDQG�FD�EHQH¿FLDUL���������FRSLL��HOHYL�FX�ULVF�GH�SăUăVLUH�WLPSXULH�D�оFROLL�� GHOLQFYHQрL� MXYHQLOL�� SHUVRDQH� FDUH� DX� SăUăVLW� WLPSXULX� оFRDOD��SHUVRDQH�FDUH�QX�DX�DEVROYLW� vQYăрăPkQWXO�REOLJDWRULX�оL�SUHоFRODUL��������SăULQрL�������FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH�оL�SUHRрL������SHUVRDQH�LQVWUXLWH�FD�оL�/XFUăWRUL�GH�WLQHUHW�

�� %DQFD�0RQGLDOă�D�VSULMLQLW�GH�D�OXQJXO�XOWLPHL�GHFDGH�R�VHULH�GH�SUR�LHFWH�SULQWUH�FDUH�VH�QXPăUă܈�L�3(7,��3URLHFWXO�GH�(GXFDрLH�7LPSXULH�,QFOX]LYă���3URLHFWXO�D�$YXW�оL�R�FRPSRQHQWă�GH�IRUPDUH�DGUHVDWă�FD-GUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�оL�SăULQрLORU�FDUH�D�IRVW�FRQWUDFWDWă�оL�LPSOHPHQWDWă�GH�FăWUH�R�HFKLSă�GH�SVLKRORJL�±�SHGDJRJL�FOXMHQLL��SDUWH�GLQWUH�HL�¿QG�DX-WRUL�оL�DL�DFHVWXL�5DSRUW���3ULQWUH�RELHFWLYHOH�DFHOXL�SURLHFW�V�D�UHJăVLW��L܈ GH]YROWDUHD� FRPSHWHQ܊HORU� HGXFDWRULORU� �L܈ SăULQ܊LORU� GH� D� GH]YROWD�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�DOH�FRSLLORU�GH�SkQă�OD�����DQL��Proiectul SHQWUX�UHIRUPD�HGXFDрLHL�WLPSXULL��35(7��D�DYXW��GH�DVHPHQHD��R�FRP�SRQHQWă�GH�IRUPDUH�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�SHQWUX�FUH܈WHUHD�FDOLWă܊LL�SUR�FHVXOXL�HGXFD܊LRQDO��GDU�D� LQFOXV܈�L�FRQVLOLHUHD�SăULQ܊LORU܈�L�VFKLPEXUL�GH�H[SHULHQ܊ă�vQWUH�HGXFDWRUL܈�L�SVLKRORJL��$PEHOH�SURLHFWH�DX�LQFOXV�vQ�JUXSXO܊�LQWă�XQ�SURFHQW�ULGLFDW�GH�EHQH¿FLDUL�GLQ�UkQGXO�PLQRULWă܊LL�UURPH��SăULQ܊L܈�L�FRSLL��

Page 78: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�� )RQGXULOH�QRUYHJLHQH܈�L�6(/�VXQW�GHVWLQDWH�SURLHFWHORU�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�LQFOX]LXQHD�VRFLDOă��vQ�VSHFLDO�FX�IRFXV�SH�PLQRULWDWHD�GH�HWQLH�URPă���&kWHYD�GLQWUH�SULRULWă܊LOH�DFHVWRU�SURLHFWH�VXQW�FRQVWUXLUHD�VDX�DPHQD�MDUHD�XQRU�FHQWUH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�GH�]L�VDX�PXOWLIXQF܊LRQDOH��SURJUDPH�GH�WLS܇�FRDOD�GXSă܇�FRDOă�SHQWUX�DFWLYLWă܊L�UHPHGLDOH�VDX�GH�WLS�QRQ�IRU�PDO��DFWLYLWă܊L� UHFUHDWLYH��YL]LWH�HWF��� ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�DGROHVFHQ܊LL��XQHOH�GLQWUH�SURLHFWHOH�FDUH�DX�DFFHVDW�DFHVWH�IRQGXUL�DX�YL]DW�DFWLYLWă܊L�GH�SODQL¿FDUHD�FDULHUHL��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�FRPXQLFDUH܈�L�DELOL�WDWHD�GH�LQWHJUDUH�SH�SLD܊D�PXQFLL��3ULQFLSDOHOH�SURJUDPH�SULQ�FDUH�VH�DFFHVHD]ă�DFHVWH�IRQGXUL�VXQW�&2(5(17��H[��SURLHFWH�±�(GXF�3OXV��)DPLOLL�GH�VXÀHW���&25$,��H[܇��FRDOD�WH�IDFH�RP��&RPSOH[�GH�VHUYLFLL�LQWHJUDWH���6,1(5*,,�SHQWUX�9LLWRU�±�WLQHUL�DÀD܊L� vQ�VLWXD܊LL�GH�ULVF��H[��(GXFD܊L�D]L��YDORUR܈L�PkLQH��3DUWHQHULDW�SHQWUX� LQFOX]LXQH��&HQWUH�GH�LQFOX]LXQH�VRFLR�SURIHVLRQDOă�D�WLQHULORU�DÀD܊L�vQ�VLWXD܊LH�GH�ULVF��

�� 3URJUDPHOH�(5$6086�UHSUH]LQWă�R�OLQLH�GH�¿QDQ܊DUH�FDUH�SXQH�DF�FHQWXO�SH�FRODERUDUHD�GLQWUH� LQVWLWX܊LLOH�VSHFLDOL]DWH�GLQ�GLIHULWH� �ăUL܊ vQ�YHGHUHD� IDFLOLWăULL� GH� VFKLPEXUL� GH� EXQH� SUDFWLFL�� GH]YROWăULL� GH� SDU�WHQHULDWH� �L܈ FUHăULL� XQRU� SURGXVH� H¿FLHQWH� SHQWUX� HGXFD܊LD� FRSLLORU��0DMRULWDWHD�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH�LQFOXG�SURJUDPH�GH�IRUPDUH�SHQWUX�FD�GUHOH�GLGDFWLFH� �ID܊ă� vQ� ID܊ă�VDX܈�L�PHGLDWH�GH�SODWIRUPD�HOHFWURQLFă��FDUH� YRU� IRORVL� XOWHULRU� vQ� DFWLYLWDWHD� ORU� FRPSHWHQ܊HOH� GREkQGLWH�� ÌQ�GRPHQLXO� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDO� SXWHP�PHQ܊LRQD�SURJUDPHOH�Alfabetizarea HPRрLRQDOă� ±� LQVWUXPHQW� SHQWUX� FRQVLOLHUHD� SURIHVRULORU� оL� SăULQрLORU��'H]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQрHORU�VRFLDOH�оL�HPRрLRQDOH��FKHLD�VXFFHVXOXL�vQ�YLDрă� �FRSLL� FX� YkUVWH� vQWUH� �� �L܈ ��� DQL���EumoschooO� ±� SURLHFW� FDUH�DSOLFă�¿ORVR¿D܈�L�GLGDFWLFD�HPR܊LLORU�SHQWUX�D�SUHYHQL�SăUăVLUHD�WLPSX�ULH�D܈�FROLL�

�������3XQFWXO�GH�YHGHUH�DO�0(1�FX�SULYLUH�OD�VLWXD܊LD�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�VLVWHPXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�URPkQHVFÌQ� GHPHUVXO� QRVWUX� DVXPDW� GH� D� LQYHVWLJD� �L܈ IXQGDPHQWD� OHJDO�� FXUULFXODU��LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��DP�VROLFLWDW�FkWHYD�FOD܊L�HPSLULF��SUDFWLFLOH�SULYLQG�DELOLWă܈UL¿FăUL�UHSUH]HQWDQWXOXL�0(1�UHVSRQVDELO�FX�DFWLYLWDWHD�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��5ăVSXQVXULOH� SULPLWH� DX� HYLGHQ܊LDW� SUHRFXSDUHD� VWUXFWXULORU� VSHFLDOL]DWH��FHQWUDOH܈�L�UHJLRQDOH��DOH�0(1�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��L�QHFHVLWDWHD�XQRU�PăVXUL�vQ�DFHVW�VHQV܈

D��$VWIHO��FX�SULYLUH�OD�VWDWXWXO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU��UăVSXQVXO�D�VXEOLQLDW�QHYRLD�GH�UHFRQFHSWXDOL]DUH�D�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�оFRODU��UHVSHFWLY�GH�UH-

Page 79: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

JkQGLUH�D�SUR¿OXOXL��UROXOXL��DWULEXрLLORU�DFHVWXLD�vQ�оFRDOD�FRQWHPSR-UDQă�VH�LPSXQH�GH�OD�VLQH��vQ�SULPXO�UkQG�SULQ�IDSWXO�Fă�DULD�FRQVLOLHULL�D�GREkQGLW�R�JDPă�ODUJă�GH�LQWHUYHQрLL�FDUH�LPSXQ�R�SUHJăWLUH�SURIH-VLRQDOă�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�

E��'H� DVHPHQHD�� V�D� VXEOLQLDW� IDSWXO� Fă�� FRQVLOLHUXO� �FRODU܈ WUHEX�LH� Vă� GH܊LQă� FRPSHWHQ܊HOH� �L܈ H[SHUWL]D� QHFHVDUă� XQRU� LQWHUYHQ܊LL�SULYLQG�� FRQоWLQFLR]LWDWHD�� FRSLQJ�XO�� FUHDWLYLWDWHD�� FXULR]LWDWHD��LQWHOLJHQрD� HPRрLRQDOă�� VWDELOLWDWHD� HPRрLRQDOă�� HPSDWLD�� H[WUDYHU-VLXQHD�� SHUVHYHUHQрD�� DQJDMDUHD� LQWHOHFWXDOă�� PRWLYDрLD� �LQWULQVH-Fă��� OLGHUVKLS�XO��QHYRLD�GH�FXQRDоWHUH��GHVFKLGHUHD� OD�H[SHULHQрă��SHUIHFрLRQLVPXO��UH]LOLHQрD��FRQFHSWXO�GH�VLQH��vQYăрDUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��DXWRH¿FDFLWDWHD�� VWLPD� GH� VLQH�� PXQFD� vQ� HFKLSă�� PDQDJHPHQWXO�WLPSXOXL��FHWăрHQLH�DFWLYă��DQJDMDELOLWDWH��DQWUHSUHQRULDW�VRFLDO�� OHD-GHUVKLS��PDQDJHPHQWXO�WLPSXOXL��OXDUHD�GHFL]LLORU��D�vQYăрD�Vă�vQYHрL��FRPXQLWDWH��FRPXQLFDUH��GLYHUVLWDWH��PXQFD�vQ�HFKLSă��SURIHVLD�PHD��XPDQLWDWH��vQрHOHSFLXQH��VăQăWDWH��FXUDM��FXPSăWDUH�� LGHQWLWDWH�SHU-VRQDOă�� LQRYDрLH� оL� FUHDWLYLWDWH�� SULHWHQLH�� GH]EDWHUH� оL� DUJXPHQWD-UH� HWF�� /D� DFHVWHD� VH� DGDXJă� VHVLXQLOH� GH� FRQVLOLHUH� LQGLYLGXDOă��FHOH�IDPLOLDOH��FHOH�GH�JUXS��FHOH�FROHFWLYH�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�PRWLYDрLHL�оFRODUH��IUHFYHQрD�оFRODUă�PDL�EXQă��UHGXFHUHD�DEVHQWH-LVPXOXL�оL�D�DEDQGRQXOXL�оFRODU��FRRSHUDUHD�FX�GLULJLQрLL�оL�FX�SHUVR-QDOXO�GLGDFWLF��UHGXFHUHD�FRQÀLFWXOXL�HWF�

$QDOL]kQG�UăVSXQVXULOH�SULPLWH�GH�OD�UHSUH]HQWDQ܊LL�0(1�UHLHVH�OLP�SHGH�QHFHVLWDWHD��GDU܈�L�LPSRUWDQ܊D�GH]YROWăULL�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�SURIH�VLRQDOH�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�SH�VHJPHQWH�GH�LQWHUHV�SHQWUX�DQD�OL]D�QRDVWUă��$VWIHO�� VH� UHPDUFă� IDSWXO� Fă�SHQWUX�DQXPLWH�FDWHJRULL�SUHFXP��HOHYL�FX�ULVF�GH�SăUăVLUH�WLPSXULH�D܈�FROLL��GHOLQFYHQ܊L�MXYH�QLOL��SHUVRDQH�FDUH�DX�SăUăVLW�WLPSXULX܈�FRDOD��SHUVRDQH�FDUH�QX�DX�DEVROYLW�vQYă܊ăPkQWXO�REOLJDWRULX��GDU܈�L�SHQWUX�SUH܈FRODUL��SURFHVXO�SRDWH�FRQWLQXD�vQ�WHUHQ��0DL�SUHFLV��SHQWUX܈�FROLOH܈�L�JUăGLQL܊HOH�GLQ�VLVWHPXO�QD܊LRQDO�VH�SRW�LPSOLFD�FDGUH�XQLYHUVLWDUH�VDX�DO܊L�H[SHU܊L��FX�SUHRFXSăUL�vQ�DFHDVWă�DULH�WHPDWLFă܈��L�FDUH�Vă�GHUXOH]H�SURJUDPH�GH�IRUPDUH�DGUHVDWH�XQXL�QXPăU�SUHVWDELOLW�GH�FRQVLOLHUL܈�FRODUL�GH�OD�QLYHOXO�¿HFăUXL�MXGH��8܊OWHULRU��DFH܈WLD�Vă�DVXPH�IRUPDUHD�vQ�FDVFDGă�D�WXWXURU�FRQVLOLHULLORU܈�FRODUL�GLQ�VLVWHP�

F��$OWH� UHFRPDQGăUL� VSHFL¿FH� SHQWUX� RSWLPL]DUHD� DFWLYLWă܊LL� vQ� UDSRUW�FX�SUREOHPDWLFD�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DX�YL]DW�proiec-WDUHD�GH�SURJUDPH�GH� IRUPDUH� FRQWLQXă�SH�DFHDVWă� WHPDWLFă��(OH�Vă�¿H�JkQGLWH�OD�QLYHO�QDрLRQDO�оL�Vă�¿H�DGUHVDWH�FRQVLOLHULORU�оFRODUL�vQFDGUDрL�vQ�VLVWHP�OD�PRPHQWXO�DFWXDO��UHVSHFWLY�JăVLUHD�GH�VROXрLL�vQ�

Page 80: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

DFKL]LрLRQDUHD�GH�EDWHULL�GH�WHVWH�оL�LQVWUXPHQWH�GH�LQWHUYHQрLH�FDUH�Vă�SHUPLWă�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�оFRODU�DERUGDUHD�SUREOHPHORU��FRUHFW�LGHQWL-¿FDWH��SULQ�LQWHUYHQрLL�SURPSWH�оL�H¿FLHQWH�

G��5HIHULWRU�OD�PRQLWRUL]DUHD܈�L�HYDOXDUHD�VLVWHPDWLFă�D�IXUQL]RULORU�GH�IRUPDUH܈�L�SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH�LPSOHPHQWDWH�GH�LQVWLWX܊LL�DFUHGL�WDWH�0(1��DFHVWHD�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�GH�FăWUH�UHSUH]HQWDQрL�DL�PLQLVWHUX-OXL�HGXFDрLHL�FX�DWULEXрLL�vQ�GRPHQLXO�IRUPăULL�FRQWLQXH�оL�SUHVXSXQH�DWkW�REVHUYDUHD�DFWLYLWăрLORU�GH�RUJDQL]DUH��FRRUGRQDUH��SURLHFWDUH��OLYUDUH�SURSULX�]LVă�оL�GH�HYDOXDUH��FkW�оL�FRQVLOLHUHD�IXUQL]RUXOXL�SUR-JUDPXOXL� GH� IRUPDUH� FRQWLQXă�� (YDOXDUHD� SHULRGLFă� D� IXUQL]RUXOXL�DFUHGLWDW� FRQVWă� vQ�DQDOL]D� vQGHSOLQLULL� GH�FăWUH� IXUQL]RU�D�FULWHULLORU�FDUH� DX� VWDW� OD� ED]D� DFUHGLWăULL� SURJUDPXOXL� GH� IRUPDUH� FRQWLQXă��SUHFXP�оL�D�DVLJXUăULL�FDOLWăрLL�VHUYLFLLORU�GH�IRUPDUH�RIHULWH��H[FOXVLY�vQ� UHODрLH� FX�SURJUDPXO�GH� IRUPDUH�DFUHGLWDW��5H]XOWDWHOH�DFWLYLWăрLL�GH� PRQLWRUL]DUH� VH� FRQVHPQHD]ă� vQWU�XQ� UDSRUW� GH� PRQLWRUL]DUH��$FHDVWD�HVWH�UHJOHPHQWDWă�PHWRGRORJLF�GH�20(&76�QU������������SULYLQG�DSUREDUHD��0HWRGRORJLHL�GH�DFUHGLWDUH܈�L�HYDOXDUH�SHULRGLFă�D�IXUQL]RULORU�GH�IRUPDUH�FRQWLQXă܈�L�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH�RIHULWH�GH�DFH܈WLD��FX�PRGL¿FăULOH܈�L�FRPSOHWăULOH�XOWHULRDUH�

H��ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�LPSOLFDUHD�SăULQ܊LORU�vQ�SURJUDPHOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�SH�FDUH܈�FRDOD��SULQ�FRQVLOLHUL܈�L�FDGUH�GL�GDFWLFH��v܈L�SURSXQH�Vă�OH�GH]YROWH��UHSUH]HQWDQWXO�0(1�D�PHQ܊LRQDW�Fă�RULFH�DFWLYLWDWH�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�OD�FDUH�SDUWLFLSă�FRSLOXO�DGROHVFHQWXO��GH�RULFH�IDFWXUă��WUHEXLH�Vă�¿H�FXQRVFXWă�оL�DVXPDWă�GH�FăWUH�SăULQрL��'H�DVHPHQHD��V�D�VXEOLQLDW�IDSWXO�Fă�atingerea acestui obiectiv co-PXQ�HVWH�SRVLELOă�GRDU�SRUQLQG�GH�OD�UHFXQRDоWHUHD�UROXOXL�PDMRU�DO�SăULQWHOXL�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�

Page 81: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�����6WXGLX�SULYLQG�EXQHOH�SUDFWLFL�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�GLQ�5RPkQLD6FRSXO� VWXGLXOXL�� $QDOL]D� SUDFWLFLORU� SVLKR�HGXFD܊LRQDOH� DOH� FRQVLOLHUL�ORU܈�FRODUL�� UHOHYDQWH�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�

2ELHFWLYH

���,GHQWL¿FDUHD�SUDFWLFLORU�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��GLQWU�XQ�H܈DQWLRQ�GH܈�FROL�SXEOLFH܈�L�SULYDWH�GLQ�5RPkQLD��FDUH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L��LQFOXVLY�FHOH�DGUHVDWH�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�YXOQHUDELOL��

���)XQGDPHQWDUHD� XQRU� SROLWLFL� SXEOLFH� FDUH� Vă� IDFLOLWH]H� IRUPDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU� VSHFLDOL܈WLORU� GLQ� HGXFD܊LH� vQ� YHGHUHD� GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L��LQFOXVLY�FHOH�DGUHVD�WH�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�YXOQHUDELOL��

6WXGLXO�GH� ID܊ă�D� IRVW� UHDOL]DW�DSHOkQG� OD�R�PHWRGRORJLH�PL[Wă��FDOLWDWLYă܈�L�FDQWLWDWLYă�܈�L�D�FRQVWDW�vQ�

�� (ODERUDUHD� �L܈ DSOLFDUHD� XQXL� FKHVWLRQDU� SHQWUX� LGHQWL¿FDUHD� EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�GLQ���MXGH܊H�

�� &RQVWUXLUHD�XQXL� JKLG�GH� IRFXV�JUXS� �L܈ UHDOL]DUHD�D��� IRFXV�JUXS�XUL�vQ�WUHL�MXGH܊H�DOH܊�ăULL��&OXM��%DFăX��,D܈L���UHDOL]DUHD�D���LQWHUYLXUL�VHPL�VWUXFWXUDWH�FX�UHSUH]HQWDQ܊L�D�GRXă܈�FROL�SULYDWH��܇FRDOD�,QWHUQD܊LRQDOă�7UDQV\OYDQLD�&ROOHJH��%ULWLVK�6FKRRO�RI�%XFKDUHVW��

������(ODERUDUHD܈�L�DSOLFDUHD�XQXL�FKHVWLRQDU�SHQWUX�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL

3DUWLFLSDQ܊L

/D�VWXGLX�DX�SDUWLFLSDW����GH�FRQVLOLHUL܈�FRODUL�GLQ���&-5$(��&OXM��0DUDPXUH܈��+XQHGRDUD�������IHPHL܈�L����EăUED܊L��FX�YkUVWH�FXSULQVH�vQWUH܈����L����GH�DQL��FX�R�PHGLH�GH����GH�DQL��6XE�DVSHFWXO�VSHFLDOL]ăULL�GREkQGLWH�SULQ�OLFHQ܊ă��

Page 82: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

76

H܈DQWLRQXO�VH�FRPSXQH�GLQ�����SVLKRORJL�����SHGDJRJL�����DVLVWHQ܊L�VRFL�DOL�����VRFLRORJL܈�L����DOWH�VSHFLDOL]ăUL��¿JXUD������

0% 10% 20% ��� 40% 50% ��� ��� 80% 90% 100%

6RFLRORJL

3HGDJRJL

3VLKRORJL

)LJXUD������'LVWULEX܊LD�SDUWLFLSDQ܊LORU�vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�VSHFLDOL]DUH

6XE�DVSHFWXO�H[SHULHQ܊HL�vQ�FDOLWDWH�GH�FRQVLOLHU܈�FRODU������GLQWUH�VXELHF܊L�DX�GHFODUDW�R�H[SHULHQ܊ă�VXE���DQL������R�H[SHULHQ܊ă�vQWUH܈���L����DQL��������R�H[SHULHQ܊ă�vQWUH܈����L����DQL�����R�H[SHULHQ܊ă�vQWUH܈����L����GH�DQL��UHVSHF�WLY����R�H[SHULHQ܊ă�GH�SHVWH����GH�DQL��¿JXUD������

0% 10% 20% ��� 40% 50% ��� ��� 80% 90% 100%

6XE���DQL

3HVWH����GH�DQL

)LJXUD������'LVWULEX܊LD�QLYHOXOXL�GH�H[SHULHQ܊ă�DO�SDUWLFLSDQ܊LORU

Page 83: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

77

'LQ�SXQFWXO�GH�YHGHUH�DO� FLFOXOXL� HGXFD܊LRQDO� �HOHYLL� �L܈ SUH܈FRODULL�� FX�FDUH�FRQVLOLHULL�GLQ�FHOH� WUHL� MXGH܊H�DX� OXFUDW� vQ�XOWLPLL���DQL��DFHVWD�VH�GLVWULEXLH�DVWIHO�������GRDU�FLFOXO�SUH܈FRODU�������GRDU�FLFOXO�SULPDU܈�L�JLPQD]LDO������GRDU�FLFOXO�OLFHDO��������FLFOXULOH�SUH܈FRODU��SULPDU܈�L�JLPQD]LDO������FLFOXULOH�SUH܈FRODU܈�L�OLFHDO��������FLFOXULOH�SULPDU��JLPQD]LDO܈�L�OLFHDO��UHVSHFWLY�������vQ�WRDWH�FLFOXULOH�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW�

Instrumente

&KHVWLRQDU�SHQWUX�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL�vQ�UkQGXO�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��YH]L�$QH[D���&KHVWLRQDUXO� SHQWUX� LGHQWL¿FDUHD� EXQHORU� SUDFWLFL� SULYLQG� GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�FXSULQGH�WUHL�VHF܊LXQL��)LHFDUH�GLQWUH� DFHVWHD� DUH� XQ� URO� VSHFL¿F� SHQWUX� D� H[WUDJH� LQIRUPD܊LD� UHOHYDQWă�FDUH�Vă�FRQWULEXLH�OD�DWLQJHUHD�RELHFWLYHORU�VWXGLXOXL��¿H�vQ�PRG�GLUHFW��SULQ�HYLGHQ܊LHUHD�SUDFWLFLORU�DFWXDOH��¿H�LQGLUHFW��SULQ�DVRFLHUHD�FX�DQXPLWH�SUDFWLFL�

6HF܊LXQHD�vQWkL�FRQ܊LQH�GDWH�GH�LGHQWL¿FDUH�D�UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU܈�L�GDWH�VRFLR�GH�PRJUD¿FH��SUHFXP�YkUVWD܈�L�JHQXO��GDU܈�L�YDULDELOH�GH�RUGLQ�VRFLR�SURIHVLRQDO��FRQVWkQG�vQ�VSHFLDOL]DUHD�FRQIRUP�GLSORPHL�GH�OLFHQ܊ă��H[SHULHQ܊D�vQ�DFWLYLWD�WHD�GH�FRQVLOLHU܈�FRODU܈�L�QLYHOXO�GH�YkUVWă�D�FRSLLORU�FX�FDUH�DX�OXFUDW�vQ�XOWLPLL���DQL��$FHVWH�YDULDELOH�DX�IRVW�LQWURGXVH�vQ�FKHVWLRQDU�DWkW�vQ�VFRSXUL�GHVFULS�WLYH��GHVFULHUHD�H܈DQWLRQXOXL���FkW܈�L�vQ�VFRS�LQIHUHQ܊LDO��YL]kQGX�VH�DVRFLHUHD�DFHVWRUD�FX�DQXPLWH�SUDFWLFL�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ�LQYă܊ăPkQWXO�SUH�XQLYHUVLWDU�vQ�GRPHQLXO�GH]YROWDULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�HOHYL�

6HF܊LXQHD�D�GRXD�HVWH�GHGLFDWă�LGHQWL¿FăULL�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL��$LFL�VH�XUPăUH܈WH��vQ�SULPXO�UkQG��LGHQWL¿FDUHD�FHORU�PDL�LPSRUWDQWH�SDWUX�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�SHUFHSXWH� GH� FăWUH� UHVSRQGHQ܊L�� GLQWU�R� OLVWă� GH� ��� DELOLWă܊L�� GXSă� FXP�XU�PHD]ă��SHUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH��PRWLYD܊LD��DXWRFRQWUROXO��SHUVHYHUHQ܊D��vQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��FUHDWLYLWDWHD��DQWUHSUHQRULDWXO��FRPSHWHQ܊H�HPR܊LRQDOH��DELOLWă܊L�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��UH]LOLHQ܊D��DELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH��$QDOL]D�DFHVWRU�UăVSXQVXUL�VH�IDFH�DSHOkQG�OD�RS܊LXQHD�UăVSXQVXUL�PXOWLSOH��vQ�FDUH�XQLWDWHD�GH�DQDOL]ă��FăUHLD�VH�LGHQWL¿Fă�IUHFYHQ܊D�QX�PDL�HVWH�UHVSRQGHQWXO�FL�DELOLWDWHD�QRQ�FRJQLWLYă��'LQFROR�GH�DELOLWă܊L�VSHFL¿FH��UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU� OL�V�D�VROLFLWDW�Vă�GHFODUH�GDFă�DX�XWLOL]DW� vQ�XOWLPLL�DQL�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��SUHFXP܈�L�QXPăUXO�SURJUDPHORU�XWLOL]DWH��3HQWUX�R�DQDOL]ă�FDOLWDWLYă��DFHDVWă�DERUGDUH�D� IRVW�GXEODWă܈�L�GH� vQWUHEăUL�GHVFKLVH�PHQLWH�Vă� LGHQWL¿FH�H[DFW�QXPHOH܈�L�RELHFWLYHOH�VSHFL¿F�DOH�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH�

Page 84: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

'H�DVHPHQHD��vQ�DFHDVWă�VHF܊LXQH�D�FKHVWLRQDUXOXL�V�D�XUPăULW܈�L�RULJLQHD�VXUVD�SURJUDPHORU�LPSOHPHQWDWH�GH�UHVSRQGHQ܊L��FX�DOWH�FXYLQWH�GDFă�H�YRU�ED�GHVSUH�SURJUDPH�HODERUDWH�GH�FăWUH�DFH܈WLD��VDX�SURSXVH�GH�LQVSHFWR�UDWH�&-5$(�

6�DX�LQYHVWLJDW��GH�DVHPHQHD��vQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W��UHVXUVHOH�LQYHVWLWH�vQ�DFHV�WH�SURJUDPH܈�L�JUDGXO�GH�SUHJăWLUH�D� UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU� vQ�DSOLFDUHD�DFHVWRUD��$VWIHO��V�D�YL]DW�SDUWLFLSDUHD�DFHVWRUD�OD�SURJUDPH�GH�WUDLQLQJ�SHQWUX�DSOLFD�UHD�SURJUDPHORU��SULPLUHD܈�L�XWLOL]DUHD�XQRU�PDQXDO�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUH�

�L�vQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W��SHQWUX�R�DQDOL]ă�FDOLWDWLYă�V�DX�vQUHJLVWUDW�SULQ�vQWUHEăUL܇GHVFKLVH�SULQFLSDOHOH�WHPH�DERUGDWH�vQ�SURJUDPHOH�LPSOHPHQWDWH��SULQFLSD�OHOH�DFWLYLWă܊L�GHVIă܈XUDWH܈�L�SULQFLSDOHOH�UH]XOWDWH�RE܊LQXWH��3HQWUX�D�VWUXFWXUD�DFHVWH�UăVSXQVXUL��UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU�OL�V�D�VROLFLWDW�LHUDUKL]DUHD�SULPHORU�WHPH��DFWLYLWă܊LORU܈�L�D�SULPHORU�WUHL�UH]XOWDWH�

7RW�vQ�DFHDVWă�VHF܊LXQH��SULQ�vQWUHEăUL�GHVFKLVH��V�D�XUPăULW�HYLGHQ܊LHUHD�SULQ�FLSDOHORU�REVWDFROH�vQWkPSLQDWH�GH�FăWUH�UHVSRQGHQ܊L�DWXQFL�FkQG�DX�XUPăULW�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�H¿FLHQWă�D�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GLQ�SURJUDPHOH�PHQ܊LRQDWH��/D�¿QDOXO�DFHVWHL�VHF܊LXQL��FKHVWLRQDUXO�D�XUPăULW��SULQ�vQWUHEăULOH�DGUHVDWH��Vă�LGHQWL¿FH�SULQFLSDOHOH�WHPH�UHFRPDQGDWH�GH�FăWUH�UHVSRQGHQ܊L�VSUH�D�¿�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ�PRG�H¿FLHQW�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

8OWLPD�VHF܊LXQH�D�FKHVWLRQDUXOXL�D�YL]DW�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�QHYRLORU�GH�IRUPDUH܈�L�GH]YROWDUH�SURIHVLRQDOă�FRQWLQXă�D�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��$LFL�V�D�XUPăULW�PR�GXO� vQ�FDUH� UHVSRQGHQ܊LL�SHUFHS� LPSRUWDQ܊D�PDL�PXOWRU� WLSXUL�GH� UHVXUVH� vQ�LPSOHPHQWDUHD� SURJUDPHORU� GH� GH]YROWDUH� QRQ�FRJQLWLYă� SUHFXP� VSULMLQXO�SăULQ܊LORU��VSULMLQXO�FHORUODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��VSULMLQXO�SULPLW�GLQ�SDUWHD�XQXL�H[SHUW� vQ� DVWIHO� GH� SURJUDPH�� ED]D�PDWHULDOă� GLYHUVă�� LQIRUPD܊LL� FX� SULYLUH�OD�IXQGDPHQWDUHD�WHRUHWLFă܈�L�H¿FLHQ܊D�GRYHGLWă�D�SURJUDPXOXL��/D�¿QDO��V�D�VRQGDW�PRGXO�vQ�FDUH�FRQVLOLHULL�v܈L�SHUFHS�GLYHUVH�DELOLWă܊L܈�L�FRPSHWHQ܊H�SUH�FXP�DFHOHD�GH�D�FRQFHSH�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�HOHYL��GH�D�XWLOL]D�PHWRGH�GLGDFWLFH�GLYHUVH�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�FX�HOHYLL��UHVSHFWLY�GH�D�UHDOL]D�XQ�PDQDJHPHQW�H¿FLHQW�DO�FODVHL�

Analiza datelor

'DWHOH�FXOHVH�FX�DMXWRUXO�FKHVWLRQDUXOXL�DX�IRVW�DQDOL]DWH�DWkW�GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�FDQWLWDWLY�GHVFULSWLY��FkW܈�L�FDOLWDWLY�

ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�vQWUHEăULOH�vQFKLVH��FX�YDULDQWH�GDWH�GH�UăVSXQV���OD�QL�YHO�GHVFULSWLY�DP�XUPăULW�GLVWULEX܊LLOH�GH�IUHFYHQ܊ă��DEVROXWă܈�L�UHODWLYă��SHQ�

Page 85: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

79

WUX�YDULDELOH�VRFLR�GHPRJUD¿FH܈�L�GH�H[SHULHQ܊ă�IRUPDWLYă܈�L�SURIHVLRQDOă�D�UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU�� ORFDOLWDWHD� GH� SURYHQLHQ܊ă�� VSHFLDOL]DUHD� FRQIRUP� GLSORPHL�GH� OLFHQ܊ă��H[SHULHQ܊D� vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�GH�FRQVLOLHU܈�FRODU��QLYHOXO�GH�YkUVWă�D�FRSLLORU�FX�FDUH�DX�OXFUDW�vQ�XOWLPLL���DQL�

7RW� OD� QLYHO� GHVFULSWLY� DX� IRVW� DQDOL]DWH� �L܈� DVSHFWH� DWLWXGLQDOH�� SUHFXP� �L܈DELOLWă܊L� FRJQLWLYH�SHUFHSXWH�GH�FăWUH� UHVSRQGHQ܊L� FD�¿LQG� IXQGDPHQWDOH� vQ�DGDSWDUHD�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�OD�YLD܊D�FRWLGLDQă��XWLOL]DUHD�vQ�XOWLPLL�DQL�D�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��SURYHQLHQ܊D�SUR�JUDPHORU�XWLOL]DWH��JUDGXO�GH�SUHJăWLUH�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�vQ�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQRU�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH��QLYHOXO�GH�FRPSHWHQ܊ă�DXWRSHUFHSXW� vQ� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��vQ�DSOLFDUHD�XQRU�PH�WRGH�IRUPDWLYH�GLYHUVL¿FDWH܈�L�vQ�PDQDJHPHQWXO�H¿FLHQW�DO�FODVHL�

ÌQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� vQWUHEăULOH� GHVFKLVH�� SUHFXP� FHOH� YL]kQG� EHQH¿FLLOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DOH�FRSLLORU�FDUH�DX�IRVW� LPSOLFD܊L� vQ�SURJUDPH�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH��REVWDFROH�SHUFHSXWH�vQ�FDOHD�LPSOHPHQWăULL�FX�VXFFHV�D�XQRU�DVWIHO�GH�SUR�JUDPH��DFWLYLWă܊L�VXSRUW�LPSOHPHQWDWH�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHUL��VSHFL¿FXO�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ�FD]XO�FRSLLORU�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�SURYHQL܊L�GLQ�JUXSXUL�YXOQHUDEL�OH��vQ�SULPD�ID]ă�V�D�UHDOL]DW�R�DQDOL]ă�FDOLWDWLYă�D�UăVSXQVXULORU��$VWIHO��SHQWUX�¿HFDUH�vQWUHEDUH�V�D�DOFăWXLW�LQL܊LDO�LQYHQWDUXO�FRPSOHW�DO�UăVSXQVXULORU��GXSă�FDUH�DFHVWHD��vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�FRQ܊LQXWXO�ORU�VSHFL¿F��DX�IRVW�JUXSDWH�vQ�FDWHJRULL��ÌQ�DFHDVWă�HWDSă��V�D�UHDOL]DW܈�L�R�DQDOL]ă�VHPLRORJLFă�GH�FRQ܊LQXW�SHQWUX�¿H�FDUH�FDWHJRULH�GH�UăVSXQVXUL��ÌQ�D�GRXD�ID]ă��DFHVWH�FDWHJRULL�GH�UăVSXQVXUL�DX�IRVW�DQDOL]DWH܈�L�GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�FDQWLWDWLY��SULQ�SULVPD�GLVWULEX܊LLORU�GH�IUHFYHQ܊ă�

Rezultate

%XQH�SUDFWLFL�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ�vQYă܊ăPkQWXO�SUH�XQLYHUVLWDU�vQ�GRPHQLXO�GH]YROWDULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L3ULPXO�DVSHFW�LQYHVWLJDW�vQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W�D�IRVW�OHJDW�GH�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWL�YH�SH�FDUH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�OH�FRQVLGHUă�IXQGDPHQWDOH�vQ�DGDSWDUHD�FRSLLORU��LORU܊L�DGROHVFHQ܈ OD�YLD܊D�GH�]L�FX�]L��5HVSRQGHQ܊LL�DX�DYXW�SRVLELOLWDWHD�Vă�DOHDJă���DELOLWă܊L�GLQWU�R�OLVWă�GH����DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��'LVWULEX܊LD�UăVSXQ�VXULORU�D� IRVW�DQDOL]DWă�SH�ED]D�UăVSXQVXULORU�PXOWLSOH��$VWIHO��SH�SR]L܊LD����PHQ܊LRQDWH�GH����GH�RUL��DX�IRVW�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH��3R]L܊LD���D�IRVW�RFXSDWă�GH�PRWLYD܊LH��PHQ܊LRQDWă�GH�FkWH����GH�RUL��3R]L܊LD���D�IRVW�RFXSDWă�GH�SHUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH��PHQ܊LRQDWă�GH����GH�RUL��3R]L܊LD���D�IRVW�RFXSDWă�GH�DXWRFRQWURO��PHQ܊LRQDW�GH����GH�RUL��LDU�SR]L܊LD����GH�DELOLWă܊LOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FX����GH�PHQ܊LRQăUL��ÌQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W��PHULWă�QRWDWH܈�L�DELOLWă܊LOH�FRQVLGHUDWH�

Page 86: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

GH�FRQVLOLHUL�FD�¿LQG�FHOH�PDL�SX܊LQ�LPSRUWDQWH܈��L�DQXPH�DQWUHSUHQRULDWXO܈�L�DELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH��¿JXUD�������

01 02 �� 04 05 �� �� 08 09 0 100

$XWRFRQWURO

&UHDWLYLWDWHD

$QWUHSUHQRULDW

)LJXUD������,HUDUKLD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�SHUFHS܊LD�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��QXPăU�GH�PHQ܊LRQăUL�

5HIHULWRU� OD� XWLOL]DUHD� XQRU� SURJUDPH� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJ�QLWLYH� vQ� XOWLPLL� DQL�� GRDU� ������ GLQWUH� FRQVLOLHUL� DX� GHFODUDW� Fă� DX� XWLOL]DW�DVHPHQHD� SURJUDPH�� 'LQWUH� DFHVWHD�� SUHGRPLQDQWH� DX� IRVW� FHOH� FDUH� DX�DYXW�GUHSW�RELHFWLY�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă�D�FRSLLORU� ����GLQ�FD]XUL���vQ�PDUHD�PDMRULWDWH�SULQ�SURJUDPH�GH�HGXFD܊LH�UD܊LRQDO�HPRWLYă܈�L�FRPSRU�WDPHQWDOă� �(5(&�� �GH�H[��SURJUDPHOH�6(/)�.,7��'D��SRрL�HWF��PHQ܊LRQDWH��L�FRP܈�LRQDO�HPRWLYă܊LD�UD܊L�GHVFULVH�VXFFLQW�vQ�VXEFDSLWROXO���������(GXFD܈SRUWDPHQWDOă��(5(&��UHSUH]LQWă�XQ�SURJUDP�SVLKRHGXFD܊LRQDO�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�SUHYHQWLYă� DGUHVDW� HOHYLORU� �L܈ SUH܈FRODULORU� �.QDXV�� ������� 3URJUDPXO� HVWH�IXQGDPHQWDW�GH�SULQFLSLLOH�WHRUHWLFH�DOH�7HRULHL�7HUDSLHL�5D܊LRQDO�(PRWLYH܈�L�&RPSRUWDPHQWDOH��5(%7���8Q�VLVWHP�(5(&�VH�FDUDFWHUL]HD]ă�SULQWU�R�ÀH[L�ELOLWDWH�UHPDUFDELOă��FHHD�FH�SHUPLWH�Vă�¿H�UHODWLY�X܈RU�GH�DGDSWDW܈�L�XWLOL]DW�vQ�FRQVLOLHUHD�SRSXOD܊LLORU�GH�R�ODUJă�GLYHUVLWDWH��$VWIHO��SURJUDPXO܈�L�D�GRYHGLW�H¿FLHQ܊D�vQ�FRQVLOLHUHD�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��VWXGHQ܊LORU��D�WLQHULORU�vQ�JHQHUDO��GDU��ă܊GH¿FLHQ��L�VDX�D�FHORU�FX�QHYRL�VSHFLDOH܊L�D�FROHFWLYHORU�GH�HOHYL�VXSUDGRWD܈LQWHOHFWXDOă��RUIDQL��GHOLQFYHQ܊ă�MXYHQLOă�HWF���8Q�SURJUDP�(5(&�HVWH�IRUPDW�GLQ�VHFYHQ܊H�PRGXODUH�GH�HGXFD܊LH�SVLKRORJLFă�FDUH�XUPăUHVF�GH]YROWDUHD�OD�HOHYL�D�XQRU�DELOLWă܊L�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH�FDUH�Vă�L�IDFă�PDL�SURGXF�WLYL܈�L��vQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS��PDL�IHULFL܊L��/D�RULJLQL��D�IRVW�SURLHFWDW�FD�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�RSWLPL]DUH�D�VăQăWă܊LL�PHQWDOH�SULQ�FRQVLOLHUH�vQ�JUXS��FX�WRDWH�DFHVWHD��HO�SRDWH�¿�OD�IHO�GH�H¿FLHQW�DWXQFL�FkQG��GXSă�R�SUHDODELOă�DGDSWDUH��HVWH�XWLOL]DW�vQ�WHUDSLD�LQGLYLGXDOă�D�FRSLLORU��DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�VDX�FKLDU�D�DGXO܊LORU��$QDOL]kQG�

Page 87: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

GLYHUVLWDWHD܈�L�JUDYLWDWHD�SUREOHPHORU�FX�FDUH�VH�FRQIUXQWă�HOHYLL�vQ܈�FROL��WUH�EXLH�Vă�¿P�GH�DFRUG�Fă�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQRU�DVHPHQHD�SURJUDPH�D�GHYHQLW�DVWă]L�PDL�QHFHVDUă�GHFkW�RULFkQG�

ÌQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� SURJUDPHOH� XWLOL]DWH�� PDUHD� PDMRULWDWH� D� FRQVLOLHULORU���������QX�V�D�LPSOLFDW�vQ�HODERUDUHD�ORU��FL�D�XWLOL]DW�SURJUDPH�SUH�H[LVWHQWH��DSOLFDWH�SUHSRQGHUHQW�OD�LQL܊LDWLYD�FRQGXFHULL�LQVWLWX܊LLORU�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW�VDX�D�,QVSHFWRUDWXOXL�-XGH܊HDQ�&-5$(�

6XE�DVSHFWXO�SUHJăWLULL�VSHFL¿FH�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�SHQWUX�DSOLFDUHD�XQRU�DVHPH�QHD�SURJUDPH��FKHVWLRQDUXO�UHOHYă�Fă�R�SURSRU܊LH�GH�����GLQWUH�UHVSRQGHQ܊L�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�vQ�SUHDODELO�OD�XQ�FXUV�GH�IRUPDUH��3ULYLWRU�OD�VSHFL¿FXO�SURJUD�PXOXL��IXQGDPHQWDUHD�OXL܈�L�PRGXO�GH�DSOLFDUH��'H�DVHPHQHD��vQ�SURSRU܊LH�GH������DFH܈WLD�DX�SULPLW܈�L�XQ�PDQXDO�GH�XWLOL]DUH�D�SURJUDPXOXL�

3ULQFLSDOHOH�WHPH�DERUGDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH�DX�IRVW��UHFXQRD܈WHUHD��LRQDOH��PD܊LLORU��SUHYHQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�GLVIXQF܊L�PDQDJHPHQWXO�HPR܈QDJHPHQWXO�FRQÀLFWXOXL��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�UHOD܊LRQDUH��FRPXQLFDUHD�DVHUWLYă��SUHYHQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�GH�ULVF��&D�GXUDWă��DFHVWH�SURJUDPH�DX�YDULDW�GH�OD�R�VăSWăPkQă�OD�XQ�DQ��FX�R�PHGLH�GH����VăSWăPkQL�

&RQIRUP�UăVSXQVXULORU�RE܊LQXWH��UH]XOWDWHOH�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH�V�DX�FRQFUH�WL]DW� FX� SUHFăGHUH� vQ�� VWDELOLWDWH� HPR܊LRQDOă�� vPEXQăWă܊LUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� GH�UHOD܊LRQDUH��FRPXQLFDUHD�DVHUWLYă��FUH܈WHUHD�VWLPHL�GH�VLQH��D�SHUIRUPDQ܊HORU���LLORU�FRQÀLFWXDOH��VROLFLWDUHD�DMXWRUXOXL܊FRODUH��JHVWLRQDUHD�H¿FLHQWă�D�VLWXD܈UHVSRQVDELOL]DUHD�FX�SULYLUH�OD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�GH�ULVF��FUH܈WHUHD�HPSDWLHL�

/D�SURJUDPHOH� VWUXFWXUDWH� DSOLFDWH� GH� FRQVLOLHUL� V�D� DGăXJDW� �L܈ R� VHULH� GH�DFWLYLWă܊L� VXSOLPHQWDUH� FX� FRSLLL�� vQ� YHGHUHD� GH]YROWăULL� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJ�QLWLYH� DOH� DFHVWRUD�� 3ULQWUH� FHOH� IUHFYHQW� PHQ܊LRQDWH� VH� QXPăUă�� DFWLYLWă܊L�GH� SURPRYDUH� D� YROXQWDULDWXOXL�� GH]YROWDUHD� LPSOLFăULL� FLYLFH�� GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�GH�OXFUX�vQ�HFKLSă��DFWLYLWă܊L�GH�SURPRYDUH�D�XQXL�VWLO�GH�YLD܊ă�VăQăWRV��HGXFD܊LH�VH[XDOă��HGXFD܊LH�SHQWUX�YLD܊D�GH�IDPLOLH��SUHJăWLUH�SVLKR�ORJLFă�SHQWUX�H[DPHQHOH܈�FRODUH��GH]YROWDUHD�DSWLWXGLQLORU�GH�OLGHU�

ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�vPEXQăWă܊LUHD�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH��SULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�FKHV�WLRQDUXOXL�DSOLFDW��FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�DX� IăFXW�R�VHULH�GH� UHFRPDQGăUL� OHJDWH�GH� WHPH�REOLJDWRULL�SHQWUX�RULFH�DVHPHQHD�SURJUDP��$QDOL]D� UăVSXQVXULORU�D�HYLGHQ܊LDW�WHPH�SUHFXP��GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��GH]YROWDUHD�DXWRFRQWUROXOXL��GH]YROWDUHD�FDSDFLWă܊LL�GH�DXWRFXQRD܈WHUH��GH]�YROWDUHD� DVHUWLYLWă܊LL�� FUH܈WHUHD� PRWLYD܊LHL�� GH]YROWDUHD� FUHDWLYLWă܊LL�� GDU� �L܈LQFOXGHUHD�SăULQ܊LORU� vQ�GHUXODUHD�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH��GH]YROWDUHD�VWLPHL�GH�

Page 88: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

VLQH��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH� vQYă܊DUH��SUHYHQLUHD�H܈HFXOXL܈�L�DEDQGRQX�OXL܈�FRODU�

&RQVLOLHULL�FKHVWLRQD܊L�DX�PHQ܊LRQDW܈�L�R�VHULH�GH�REVWDFROH�FX�FDUH�V�DX�FRQ�IUXQWDW� vQ� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�DSOLFDWH��$VWIHO��SULQWUH�FHOH� IUHFYHQW�PHQ܊LRQDWH��DX�IRVW��LQVX¿FLHQWă�H[SHULHQ܊ă�vQ�GRPHQLX��UHVXUVH�PDWHULDOH܈�L�XPDQH�LQVX¿FLHQWH�SHQWUX�R�EXQă�DSOLFDUH��LPSOLFDUHD�GH¿FLWDUă�D�SăULQ܊LORU�vQ� DFWLYLWă܊LOH� SURJUDPXOXL�� LQVX¿FLHQWD� VXV܊LQHUH� GLQ� SDUWHD� FROHJLORU�� QX�PăUXO�PDUH�GH�HOHYL��DEVHQ܊D�FRQWLQXLWă܊LL� FHULQ܊HORU��SURJUDPXO� vQFăUFDW�DO�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��WLPSXO�UHGXV�SHQWUX�DSOLFDUH�

ÌQ� vQFKHLHUHD� DFHVWHL� VHF܊LXQL�� FRQVLOLHULL� DX� IRVW� vQWUHED܊L� FX� SULYLUH� OD�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�ORU�FX�FRSLL�DGROHVFHQ܊L�GLQ�JUXSXUL�YXOQHUDELOH��0DUHD�PDMRULWDWH�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�LQYHVWLJD܊L�������D�UDSRUWDW�H[LVWHQ܊D�XQRU�DVHPHQHD�DFWLYLWă܊L��/HJDW�GH�VSHFL¿FXO�DFHVWRUD��FHOH�PDL�IUHFYHQWH�UăVSXQVXUL�DX�LQGLFDW��FRQ�VLOLHUH�LQGLYLGXDOă܈�L�GH�JUXS�FX�FRSLLL�DL�FăURU�SăULQ܊L�VXQW�SOHFD܊L�vQ�VWUăLQă�WDWH� OD�PXQFă��SHQWUX�SUHYHQLUHD�DEDQGRQXOXL� �FRODU܈� FRQVLOLHUHD�SăULQ܊LORU�SH� WHPH� GH� LJLHQă�� FRQVLOLHUHD� FRSLLORU� SHQWUX� GH]YROWDUHD� DXWRFRQWUROXOXL�HPR܊LRQDO܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWDO��vQFXUDMDUHD�HOHYLORU�GH�HWQLH�URPă�Vă�SDUWLFLSH�OD�DFWLYLWă܊L��PDL�DOHV� OD� FHOH�GHVIă܈XUDWH� vQ�DIDUD� �FROLL܈� UHVSRQVDELOL]DUHD�VRFLDOă�D�SăULQ܊LORU�URPL��GH]YROWDUHD�SHUVRQDOă�D�WLQHULORU�SURYHQL܊L�GLQ�IDPLOLL�PRQRSDUHQWDOH��DFWLYLWă܊L�SHQWUX�FUH܈WHUHD�VWLPHL�GH�VLQH܈�L�D�PRWLYD܊LHL�GH�vQYă܊DUH� OD� FRSLLL� GH� HWQLH� URPă� SURYHQL܊L� GLQ� IDPLOLL� FX� UHVXUVH� ¿QDQFLDUH�GH¿FLWDUH�

1HYRLD�GH�IRUPDUH܈�L�GH]YROWDUH�SURIHVLRQDOă�FRQWLQXă�D�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODULÌQ�DFHDVWă�VHF܊LXQH��FRQVLOLHULL�DX�IRVW�FRQVXOWD܊L�FX�SULYLUH�OD�DVSHFWHOH�FRQ�VLGHUDWH�FD�¿LQG�LPSRUWDQWH�SHQWUX�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�H¿FLHQWă�D�XQXL�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

7DEHOXO�������$VSHFWHOH�FRQVLGHUDWH�FD�¿LQG�LPSRUWDQWH�vQ�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�H¿FLHQWă�D�XQXL�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

$VSHFWH 1U��GH�PHQʕLRQăUL6SULMLQXO�SăULQʕLORU ��6SULMLQXO�FHORUODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH ��%D]D�PDWHULDOă�DGHFYDWă�GHUXOăULL�SURJUDPXOXL ��6SULMLQXO�XQXL�H[SHUW�vQ�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH 42

,QIRUPDʕLL�FX�SULYLUH�OD�IXQGDPHQWDUHD�WHRUHWLFă�ʓL�H¿FLHQWă�GRYHGLWă�D�SURJUDPXOXL ��

Page 89: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

�L�GLQ�DQDOL]D�WDEHOXOXL����WRDWH�DVSHFWHOH�LQYHVWL܈�D�FXP�VH�SRDWH�VHVL]D܈$JDWH�DX�IRVW�FRQVLGHUDWH�vQ�PDUH�PăVXUă�LPSRUWDQWH�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHUL��vQVă�V�DX�HYLGHQ܊LDW�FD�¿LQG�FHOH�PDL�UHOHYDQWH�VSULMLQXO�SăULQ܊LORU��VSULMLQXO�FHORUODO�WH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH܈�L�ED]D�PDWHULDOă�DGHFYDWă�GHUXOăULL�SURJUDPXOXL�

7RW�vQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W�V�D�HYDOXDW�FRPSHWHQ܊D�DXWR�SHUFHSXWă�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�FRQFHSHUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�HOHYL��5H]XOWDWHOH�VXQW�SUH]HQWDWH�vQ�¿JXUD������GH�PDL�MRV�

0% 10% 20% ��� 40% 50% ��� ��� 80% 90% 100%

)RDUWH�UHGXV

5HGXV

Mediu

5LGLFDW

)RDUWH�ULGLFDW

)LJXUD������&RPSHWHQ܊D�DXWR�SHUFHSXWă�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�FRQFHSHUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH

�D܈$ FXP� VH� SRDWH� REVHUYD� �L܈ GLQ� WDEHOXO� ������ PDMRULWDWHD� UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU�������VH�SHUFHS�FD�DYkQG�R�FRPSHWHQ܊ă�PHGLH� vQ�FRQFHSHUHD�SURJUDPH�ORU� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� 'H� DVHPHQHD�� VH� UHPDUFă�R� SURSRU܊LH� WRWDOă� GH� ������ GLQWUH� UHVSRQGHQ܊L� FDUH� v܈L� HYDOXHD]ă� DFHDV�Wă� FRPSHWHQ܊ă� FD� ¿LQG� UHGXVă� ������� ��L܈ UHVSHFWLY�� IRDUWH� UHGXVă� ��������7RWRGDWă�HVWH�GHPQ�GH�PHQ܊LRQDW�IDSWXO�Fă�QLFL�XQXO�GLQWUH�UHVSRQGHQ܊L�QX܈�L�SHUFHSH�DFHVWH�FRPSHWHQ܊H�FD�¿LQG�IRDUWH�ULGLFDWH�

7RW� vQ� DFHDVWă� VIHUă� D� FRPSHWHQ܊HORU� DXWR�SHUFHSXWH� V�D� LQYHVWLJDW�FRPSHWHQ܊D�GH�D�XWLOL]D�PHWRGH�GLGDFWLFH�GLYHUVH�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�FX�HOHYLL��ÌQ�¿JXUD�����SUH]HQWăP�GLVWULEX܊LD�DFHVWRU�UăVSXQVXUL�

Page 90: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

0% 10% 20% ��� 40% 50% ��� ��� 80% 90% 100%

)RDUWH�ULGLFDW

5LGLFDW

Mediu

5HGXV

)RDUWH�UHGXV

)LJXUD������&RPSHWHQ܊D�DXWR�SHUFHSXWă�GH�D�XWLOL]D�PHWRGH�GLGDFWLFH�GLYHUVH�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�FX�HOHYLL

6H� SRDWH� UHPDUFD� GLQ� WDEHOXO� GH� PDL� VXV� Fă� PDMRULWDWHD� FRYkU܈LWRDUH� D�UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU�VH�SHUFHS�FD�DYkQG�FRPSHWHQ܊H�PHGLL�VDX�SHVWH�PHGLL�VXE�DVSHFWXO� XWLOL]ăULL� XQRU� PHWRGH� GLGDFWLFH� GLYHUVH� vQ� DFWLYLWă܊LOH� FX� HOHYLL��7RWX܈L��R�SURSRU܊LH�GH������VH�GHFODUă�FD�DYkQG�FRPSHWHQ܊H�IRDUWH�UHGXVH�vQ�DFHVW�VHQV�

6XEVXPDW� DFHOXLD܈L� RELHFWLY�� FRQVLOLHULL� DX� IRVW� vQWUHED܊L� �L܈ UHIHULWRU� OD�FRPSHWHQ܊D�GH�D�UHDOL]D�XQ�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�FODVHL�vQ�PRG�H¿FLHQW��'LVWULEX܊LD�UăVSXQVXULORU�HVWH�SUH]HQWDWă�vQ�¿JXUD�����

0% 10% 20% ��� 40% 50% ��� ��� 80% 90% 100%

)RDUWH�UHGXV

5HGXV

Mediu

5LGLFDW

)RDUWH�ULGLFDW

)LJXUD�������&RPSHWHQ܊D�DXWR�SHUFHSXWă�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�PDQDJHPHQWXO�H¿FLHQW�DO�FODVHL�

Page 91: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

&D܈�L�vQ�FD]XO�FRPSHWHQ܊HL�DQWHULRDUH��VH�SRDWH�FRQVWDWD�WHQGLQ܊D�FD�PDMR�ULWDWHD� UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU� Vă� VH�SHUFHDSă� FD� ¿LQG� FHO� SX܊LQ�PHGLX� FRPSHWHQ܊L�vQ�PDQDJHPHQWXO�H¿FLHQW�DO�FODVHL��vQ�WLPS�FH�R�SURSRU܊LH�WRWDOă�GH������VH�SHUFHS�FD�DYkQG�FRPSHWHQ܊H�UHGXVH��������VDX�IRDUWH�UHGXVH��������

ÌQ�¿QDOXO�DFHVWHL�VHF܊LXQL��FRQVLOLHULL�DX� IRVW� UXJD܊L�Vă�H[SULPH� OLEHU�GLYHUVH�DVSHFWH�GH�FDUH�DU�DYHD�QHYRLH�SHQWUX�IRUPDUHD�ORU�SURIHVLRQDOă܈�L��vQ�XOWLPă�LQVWDQ܊ă��SHQWUX�D܈�L�GHVIă܈XUD�H¿FLHQW�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�VSHFL¿FH��ÌQ�FHOH�FH�XUPHD�]ă�HQXPHUăP�SULQFLSDOHOH�DVSHFWH�HYLGHQ܊LDWH�SULQ�DFHDVWă�SURFHGXUă��QH�YRLD�GH�IRUPDUH�SULYLQG�XWLOL]DUHD�GLIHULWHORU�EDWHULL�GH�WHVWH�SVLKRORJLFH��IXU�QL]DUHD�GH�PDWHULDOH��MRFXUL�HGXFDWLYH��RIHULUHD�GH�H[HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL��SDUWLFLSDUHD�OD�SURJUDPH�GH�IRUPDUH��ZRUNVKRS�XUL��IXUQL]DUHD�XQRU�WHKQLFL܈�L�PHWRGH�GH�GLDJQRVWLF�SVLKRORJLF܈�L�LQWHUYHQ܊LL�VSHFL¿FH��SURJUDPH�VSHFL¿FH�SHQWUX�SUH܈FRODUL��DGDSWDUHD�PDWHULDOHORU�VSHFL¿FH�FRQVLOLHULL��SRVLELOLWDWHD�GH�D�IDFH�FXUVXUL�JUDWXLWH��IDFLOLWDUHD�DFFHVXOXL� OD�ELEOLRWHFLOH�GH�SVLKRORJLH�DOH�XQLYHUVLWă܊LORU�

������&RQVWUXLUHD�XQXL�JKLG�GH�IRFXV�JUXS��L�UHDOL]DUHD�D���IRFXV�JUXS�XUL�vQ�WUHL܈MXGH܊H�DOH܊�ăULL��UHDOL]DUHD�D���LQWHUYLXUL�FX�UHSUH]HQWDQ܊L�DL�XQRU܈�FROL�SULYDWH

3DUWLFLSDQ܊L

$X�IRVW�RUJDQL]DWH�XQ�QXPăU�GH��� IRFXV�JUXSXUL�FX�SDUWLFLSDUHD�PHPEULORU�&-5$(�GLQ�MXGH܊HOH�&OXM��,D܈L܈�L�%DFăX��(܈DQWLRQXO�D�IRVW�FRQVWLWXLW�GLQ����GH�FRQVLOLHUL܈�FRODUL�FDUH�v܈L�GHVIă܈RDUă�DFWLYLWDWHD�vQ�VLVWHPXO�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW�GH�VWDW܈�L� WUHL�FRQVLOLHUL܈�FRODUL�FDUH� OXFUHD]ă� vQ�VLVWHPXO�GH� vQYă܊ăPkQW�SULYDW��DFH܈WLD�GLQ�XUPă�SURYHQLQG�GLQ�&OXM�1DSRFD܈�L�%XFXUH܈WL���&RQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�FDUH�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�IRFXV�JUXSXUL�DX�DYXW�PLQLP���DQL�YHFKLPH�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�GH�FRQVLOLHUHUH܈�FRODUă�

*KLG�GH�IRFXV�JUXS�SHQWUX�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL�vQ�UkQGXO�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL6FRSXO�SULQFLSDO�DO�JKLGXOXL�GH�IRFXV�JUXS�D�IRVW�DFHOD�GH�D�DQDOL]D�H[SHULHQ܊HOH��LORU�QRQ�FRJQL܊FRODUL�FX�SULYLUH�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܈�L�SUDFWLFLOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈WLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L��7RWRGDWă��V�D�YL]DW��LGHQWL¿FDUHD�QHYRLORU�FRQVLOLH�ULORU܈�FRODUL�vQ�UDSRUW�FX�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�FDUH�DU�SXWHD�SRWHQ܊D��vQ�YLLWRU��LPSDF�WXO�SR]LWLY�DO�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH��GH�H[HPSOX�QHYRLOH�GH�IRUPDUH�VDX�DFFHVXO�

Page 92: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

OD�UHVXUVH���SUHFXP܈�L�SUREOHPHOH�H[LVWHQWH�vQ�VLVWHPXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�FX�SULYLUH�OD�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�FDUH�GH]YROWă�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��*ULOD�GH�LQWHUYLX� VHPL�VWUXFWXUDW�D� IRVW�HODERUDWă� vQ�ED]D�DQDOL]HL� OLWHUDWXULL� GH�VSH�FLDOLWDWH܈�L�SULQ�FRQVXOWDUHD�FX���H[SHU܊L�GLQ�GRPHQLXO�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUH܈�L�D�SUDFWLFLORU�GLQ�VLVWHPXO�GH�HGXFD܊LH�GLQ�5RPkQLD��H[SHU܊L�GLQ�FDGUXO�&-5$(���7HPHOH܈�L�DVSHFWHOH�FDUH�DX� IRVW�VXSXVH�GH]EDWHULORU�DX�YL]DW�SURJUDPHOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�VXQW�SUH]HQWDWH�VLQWHWLF�vQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�MRV�

7DEHO�������$VSHFWH�XUPăULWH�vQ�FDGUXO�IRFXV�JUXSXULORU�

���7LSXO�SURJUDPXOXL� ��LQGLYLGXDO�GH�JUXS���'LPHQVLXQLOH�FRPSHWHQʕH�YL]DWH�GH�SURJUDPH��DFWLYLWăʕL

��FRPSHWHQʕHOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��SUH]HQWDUH�JHQHUDOă�FHQWUDUHD�SH�FHOH�YL]DWH�SULQ�SURLHFW�

���$GUHVDELOLWDWHD ��SXEOLFXO�ʕLQWă���2ELHFWLYHOH�VSHFL¿FH�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL

��VSHFL¿FLWDWHD�RSHUDʕLRQDOă�D�RELHFWLYHORU�

���3DʓLL�XUPDʕL�vQ�SURJUDP ��PHWRGRORJLD�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUH��VHFYHQWHOH�XUPDWH���0DWHULDOHOH�XWLOL]DWH�vQ�SURJUDP ��PDWHULDOXO�VXSRUW�SHQWUX�HODERUDUHD�FRPSRQHQWHORU�

SURJUDPXOXL�ʓL�SHQWUX�GHUXODUHD�OXL���5H]XOWDWHOH�REʕLQXWH�GH�FRSLL�DGROHVFHQʕL�vQ�XUPD�SDUWLFLSăULL�OD�SURJUDP�

��FXDQWL¿FDELOH�vQ�WHUPLQL�GH�DWLWXGLQL��HPRʕLL��FRPSRUWDPHQWH��SHUIRUPDQʕă�ʓFRODUă

���)DFWRULL�FDUH�LQÀXHQʕHD]ă�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPXOXL��DFWLYLWăʕLORU

��Ä&H�SUREOHPH�SURYRFăUL�VSHFL¿FH�DʕL�vQWkPSLQDW"´�ÄÌQ�FH�PăVXUD�V�DX�LPSOLFDW�FHLODOʕL��SURIHVRUL��SăULQʕL�HWF��´��VH�YL]HD]ă�SDWUX�GLPHQVLXQL�����FRPSHWHQʕHOH�FRQVLOLHUXOXL����FRPXQLWDWHD��VXSRUWXO�LQVWLWXʕLRQDO�����FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH�FRSLOXOXL�FRSLLORU�VDX�DGROHVFHQWXOXL�DGROHVFHQʕLORU����FRQWH[WXO�IDPLOLDO��SăULQWH�WXWRUH��

���3DUWLFXODULWăʕL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL��FRSLL�DGROHVFHQʕL�YXOQHUDELOL��GLIHUHQʕH�GH�JHQ�

([LVWă�R�DERUGDUH�GLIHULWă�SHQWUX�FRSLLL�DGROHVFHQʕLL�YXOQHUDELOL"&H�WLSXUL�GH�FRSLL�DGROHVFHQʕL�YXOQHUDELOL�DX�IRVW�vQWkOQLʕL"Ä+DLGHʕL�Vă�QH�JkQGLP�SXʕLQ�OD�JUXSXULOH�YXOQHUDELOH«´ 6H�XUPăUHVF��HWDSHOH��±��GLQ�JULOă�ʓL�VH�GLVFXWă�DWkW�FD]XULOH�FRQVLOLDWH�LQGLYLGXDO�vQ�FDELQHW��FkW�ʓL�FHOH�FROHYWLYH��OD�QLYHO�GH�FODVă��PRGL¿FăULOH�SH�FDUH�OH�DU�IDFH�ʓL�DVXSUD�FăUHL�HWDSă�GLQ�JULOă�DU�LQWHUYHQL

�YRU�¿�XUPăULWH�QHYRLOH�FRQVLOLHULORU�SH�SDUFXUVXO�HWDSHORU��±��GLQ�JKLG�

Page 93: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

Analiza datelor

'DWHOH�UHFROHFWDWH�SULQ�PHWRGD�IRFXV�JUXS�XOXL�DX�IRVW�DQDOL]DWH��vQ�SULQFLSDO��VXE�DVSHFW�FDOLWDWLY��$VWIHO��SHQWUX�¿HFDUH�WHPă�DERUGDWă�±�FRQIRUP�JULOHL�PDL�VXV�PHQ܊LRQDWH�±�vQUHJLVWUăULOH�DXGLR�DX�IRVW�WUDQVFULVH܈�L�DQDOL]DWH�vQ�YHGHUHD�H[WUDJHULL�XQLWă܊LORU�GH�vQUHJLVWUDUH��SDUDJUDIH��SURSR]L܊LL��FXYLQWH�FKHLH�FDUH�UHÀHFWă�XQ� UăVSXQV�VSHFL¿F��GH�VLQH�VWăWăWRU��� ÌQ� ID]D�XUPăWRDUH��DFHVWHD�DX�IRVW�JUXSDWH�vQ�FDWHJRULL��vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�HOHPHQWHOH�ORU�FRPXQH��UHVSHFWLY�GLVWLQFWLYH��6�DX�XUPăULW��DVWIHO��DWkW�YDULD܊LLOH�LQWHU�FDWHJRULDOH�DOH�UăVSXQVX�ULORU�FkW܈�L�YDULD܊LLOH� LQWUD�FDWHJRULDOH��'H�H[HPSOX��UăVSXQVXULOH�YL]kQG�IDF�WRULL�SHUFHSX܊L�FD�LQÀXHQ܊kQG�H¿FLHQ܊D�SURJUDPHORU�DX�SXWXW�¿�vPSăU܊LWL�GXSă�FULWHULXO�IDFWRUL�LQKLELWRUL�YV�IDYRUL]DQ܊L��)LHFDUH�FDWHJRULH�D�IRVW�DSRL�GLYL]DWă��OD�UkQGXO�HL�� vQ� IXQF܊LH�GH�QLYHOXO� IDFWRULORU�� vQ��HOHPHQWH�FH� �LQ�GH�SURJUDP܊vQ�JHQHUDO��HOHPHQWH�FH܊�LQ�GH�SHUVRDQHOH�FDUH�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�SURJUDPXO��HOHPHQWH�FH܊�LQ�GH�SXEOLFXO܊�LQWă��FRSLL��SăULQ܊L��FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH���HOHPHQWH�FH��LQ�GH܊�XUDW�SURJUDPXO��HOHPHQWH�FH܈LD�vQ�FDGUXO�FăUHLD�V�D�GHVIă܊LQ�GH�LQVWLWX܊RELHFWLYHOH�VSHFL¿FH�DOH�SURJUDPHORU�HWF�

1X�vQ�XOWLPXO�UkQG��YDULDELOLWDWHD�UăVSXQVXULORU�D�IRVW�DQDOL]DWă܈�L�SULQ�SULVPD�FDUDFWHULVWLFLORU�VRFLR�GHPRJUD¿FH�DOH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊LORU� OD� IRFXV�JURXS�XUL�� UH�VSHFWLY�SUR¿OXO�SURIHVLRQDO�DO�DFHVWRUD��H[SHULHQ܊ă�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�GH�FRQVLOLH�UH��IRUPDUHD�DFDGHPLFă�HWF����5H]XOWDWHOH�vQWUHJLL�DQDOL]H�DX�IRVW�VLQWHWL]DWH�VXE� IRUPD� XQRU� WDEHOH� FDUH� SUH]LQWă�� vQ�PRG� FRPSDUDWLY�� EXQH� SUDFWLFL� �L܈FRQWH[WH�VRFLDO�XPDQH܈�L�LQVWLWX܊LRQDOH�FDUH�PRGXOHD]ă�H¿FLHQ܊D�DFHVWRUD�

Rezultate

3URJUDPH�DFWLYLWă܊L�LPSOHPHQWDWH�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHUL

5HIHULWRU� OD� DFWLYLWă܊LOH� VDX�SURJUDPHOH� LPSOHPHQWDWH� GH� FăWUH� FRQVLOLHUL� vQ��]LLORU�H܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��FRQIRUP�LQIRUPD܊FRDOă�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܈WUDVH�GLQ�IRFXV�JUXS�XUL��DP�FRQVWDWDW�Fă�SUHGRPLQă�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�LQGLYLGXDOH��$OăWXUL�GH�DFHVWHD��DFWLYLWă܊LOH�FX�JUXSXUL�VDX�OD�FODVă�VXQW܈�L�HOH�SUH]HQWH��vQVă� vQWU�R�PăVXUă�PDL�PLFă��2ULFXP�� LQGLIHUHQW�GH� IRUPD�FRQFUHWă�GH� LP�SOHPHQWDUH�� LGHHD� JHQHUDOă� FDUH� VH� GHVSULQGH� H� DFHHD� Fă� QXPăUXO�PDUH�GH� FRSLL� DORFD܊L� XQXL� FRQVLOLHU� �L܈ GLYHUVLWDWHD� SUREOHPHORU� vQWkOQLWH� FUHD]ă�UHVSRQGHQ܊LORU�VHQWLPHQWXO�LQVX¿FLHQ܊HL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��UHVSHFWLY�DO�XQXL�JUDG�GH�DFRSHULUH�SUHFDU�DO�QHYRLORU�GH�FRQVLOLHUH��ÌQ�DFHVWH�FRQGL܊LL��GHFL]LD�DORFă�ULL� WLPSXOXL�SHQWUX�FD]XUL� LQGLYLGXDOH�ULGLFă�FRQVLOLHULORU�DGHYăUDWH�SUREOHPH�PRUDOH�Ä«vQWU�R�FRQVLOLHUH�LQGLYLGXDOă��DORFL�R�RUă�QXPDL�XQXL�HOHY��6SHFL¿FXO�оHGLQрHL�QX�vрL�SHUPLWH�Vă�LHL�IRDUWH�PXOрL����DGLFă�vQ�SHUPDQHQрă�WUHEXLH�Vă�MRQ-

Page 94: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

JOH]L�vQWUH�FH�vрL�GRUHоWL�оL�FH�SRрL��HIHFWLY��Vă�IDFL��&XP�vO�FKHDPă�SH�;"�0DL�DP�vQFă�����GH�HOHYL�FDUH�DоWHDSWă��&kW�GH�FRUHFWă�Dо�¿�HX�Vă�FKHP���OXQL�vQ�FRQVLOLHUH�XQ�VLQJXU�HOHY�FX�R�SUREOHPă�JUDYă��FDUH�RULFXP�QX�VH�UH]ROYă�QX-PDL�SULQ�FRQVLOLHUH��LDU�SH�FHLODOрL�Vă�vL�QHJOLMH]�FRPSOHW��'DU�GDFă�DOWH�YDULDQWH�QX�VXQW�оL�FRSLOXO�QX�DUH�DOWH�UHVXUVH�¿QDQFLDUH��XQGH�Vă�vO�WULPLW��1X�DUH�FXP�Vă�DMXQJă�Vă�¿H�¿QDQрDW�SULQ�SURLHFWH�оL�DWXQFL�IDFL�DWkW�FkW�SRрL�vQ�оFRDOă´�

'H�DVHPHQHD��FKLDU�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�SH�JUXSXUL�VXQW� UHVLP܊LWH� IUHFYHQW�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHUL�FD�¿LQG�LQVX¿FLHQWH��SULQ�UDSRUWDUH�OD�YROXPHOH�PDUL�GH�HOHYL�FDUH�SUH]LQWă�QHYRL�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�GLQWU�R܈�FRDOă��&X�WRDWH�DFHHVWHD��VXQW�SHUFH�SXWH�WRWX܈L܈�L�DQXPLWH�DYDQWDMH��Ä$P�DYXW��GHVLJXU��оL� LQWUHYHQрLL�GH�JUXS�vQ�FRQVLOLHUH��7UHEXLH��vQVă��Vă�рLQHP�VHDPD�GH�IDSWXO�Fă�DFHDVWă�FRQVLOLHUH�GH�JUXS�SUHVXSXQH�SDUWLFLSDUHD�XQXL�QXPăU�OLPLWDW�GH�HOHYL�оL�Fă�QX�WH�SRрL�DGUH-VD�XQXL�QXPăU�PDL�PDUH��DоD�FXP�DU�¿�QHFHVDU�vQ�OLFHX��$WXQFL�FkQG�UHFXUJL�OD�FRQVLOLHUHD�GH�JUXS��PHUJH�XQ�SLF�PDL�ELQH��SHQWUX�Fă�SRрL�Vă�OXFUH]L�DOWIHO�FX�HL�GDFă�DX�SUREOHPH�VLPLODUH��ÌQ�SOXV��SRрL�оL�Vă�RIHUL�IHHGEDFN�vQ�WLPS�XWLO�оL��Pă�URJ��H�DOWFHYD´�

'LPHQVLXQLOH�YL]DWH�GH�DFWLYLWă܊L�SURJUDPH

3ULQWUH�GLPHQVLXQLOH�PHQ܊LRQDWH�GH�FRQVLOLHUL�VXQW�LQFOXVH��LPDJLQHD�GH�VLQH��OLPEDMXO��DELOLWă܊L�LPSOLFDWH�vQ�PDQDJHPHQWXO�WUDQ]L܊LRQDO�VDX�RULHQWDUHD�SUR�IHVLRQDOă��DELOLWă܊L�OHJDWH�GH�PDQDJHPHQWXO�VLWXD܊LLRU�GH�bullying��FRPXQLFD�UHD� DVHUWLYă�� DXWRH¿FDFLWDWHD�� VWLPD� GH� VLQH�� DFFHSWDUHD�� DXWRDFFHSWDUHD��PRWLYD܊LD�� JHVWLRQDUHD� FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL� KLSHUDFWLY�� FRPSRUWDPHQWXO� RSR�]DQW�� WXOEXUDUL�HPR܊LRQDOH�±�FKLDU� IRELH܈�FRODUă��DQ[LHWDWH�GH�SHUIRUPDQ܊ă��YLROHQ܊ă��FRQVXP�GH�VXEVWDQ܊H�

8QD�GLQWUH�SURYRFăULOH�PDMRUH�vQ�UDSRUW�FX�FDUH�FRQVLOLHULL�vQFHDUFă�Vă�GH]�YROWH�FRSLLORU�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��vQ�VSHFLDO�OD�QLYHO�GH�JLPQD]LX܈�L�OLFHX��R�UHSUH]LQWă�VWUHVXO�JHQHUDW�vQ�VLWXD܊LLOH�FRPSHWLWLYH��vQ�DFHVWH�FD]XUL�VH�LQVLVWă��FX�SUHFăGHUH��DVXSUD�GH]YROWăULL�XQRU�VWUDWHJLL�GH�JHVWLRQDUH�D�HPR܊LLORU�QH�VăQăWRDVH�FX�FDUH�HL�VH�FRQIUXQWă�

2�DOWă�VLWXD܊LH�UHOHYDQWă�VH�GRYHGH܈WH�D�¿�LQWHJUDUHD�KHWHURJHQLWă܊LL�SRSXOD܊LHL�GH�HOHYL��$LFL�VH�PHQ܊LRQHD]ă�IUHFYHQW�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�DELOLWă܊L�VRFLDOH��GH�LQWHU�UHOD܊LRQDUH�FX�FROHJLL��FX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��GH�FRPXQLFDUH�� WROHUDQ܊ă��DFFHSWDUHD�GLYHUVLWă܊LL�� Ä«FRSLLL� YLQ�GLQ�PHGLL�GLYHUVH��FX�QLYHOH�GLIHULWH�GH�HGXFDрLH��GH�FXOWXUă��FX�GHFDODMH�PDUL�SULYLQG�PHGLXO�GH�SURYHQLHQрD�VRFLR�HFRQRPLFă��ÌQ�DFHVWH�VLWXDрLL��SULPD�SUREOHPă�FDUH�VH�ULGLFă�OD�QRL�R�UHSUH-]LQWă�LQVWDXUDUHD�XQXL�HFKLOLEUX�OD�QLYHO�GH�FROHFWLY��ÌQFHUFăP�Vă�vL�DMXWăP�Vă�VH�DFFHSWH����DFFHSWDUHD�vQ�SULPXO�UkQG��DSRL�WROHUDQрă��SHQWUX�Fă�XQLL�VXQW�

Page 95: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

PDL�ERJDрL��DOрLL�VXQW�PDL�SXрLQ�ERJDрL��XQLL�VXQW�GLQ�PHGLXO�UXUDO��DOрLL�VXQW�GH�OD�RUDо��XQLL�YLQ�GLQ�IDPLOLL�GH�LQWHOHFWXDOL��DOрLL�YLQ�GLQ�IDPLOLL�XQGH�QLYHOXO�GH�HGXFDрLH�HVWH�PDL�VFă]XW�оL�DоD�PDL�GHSDUWH��2U�WRFPDL�DLFL�WUHEXLH�OXFUDW�GH�OD�vQFHSXW�SHQWUX�D�L�DMXWD�Vă�vоL�vQFKHJH�FROHFWLYXO��,DWă�GH�FH�WUHEXLH�Vă�OH�GH]YROWăP�DELOLWăрL�GH�DFFHSWDUH�оL�FRPXQLFDUH�´

$OWH� VLWXD܊LL� SHQWUX� FDUH� VXQW� PHQ܊LRQDWH� DELOLWă܊L� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� VXQW� FHOH�FDUH� SUHYLQ� FRPSRUWDPHQWH� GHYLDQWH�� FRQÀLFWH� �L܈ YLROHQ܊ă�� FRQVXP� GH�VXEVWDQ܊H��6XQW�vQVă�LQYRFDWH܈�L�DELOLWă܊L�JHQHUDOH�GH�YLD܊ă��DQWUHSUHQRULDOH��GH�DXWRFXQRD܈WHUH�

$FWLYLWă܊LOH�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�VXQW�RUJDQL]DWH܈�L�VWUXFWXUDWH�vQ�ED]D�XQHL�DQDOL]H�D�QHYRLORU�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�HIHFWXDWH�OD�vQFHSXWXO�DQXOXL��XQHRUL�FKLDU�SH�ED]D�XQRU�LQYHVWLJD܊LL�VLVWHPDWLFH�FX�DMXWRUXO�XQRU�LQVWUXPHQWH�VWDQGDUGL]DWH��„… impro-YL]ăP�SOHFkQG�GH�OD�DQDOL]D�GH�QHYRL�SH�FDUH�R�IDFHP�OD�vQFHSWXO�VHPHVWUX-OXL��DSOLFăP�QLоWH�FKHVWLRQDUH�OD�FRSLL��DÀăP�FH�QHYRL�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�DX�оL��vQ�IXQFрLH�GH�DVWD��QRL�QH�IDFHP�SURLHFWHOH��SURJUDPHOH��SURLHFWH��DFWLYLWăрL�FX�FRSLLL�OD�FODVă´��Ä«VXQW�FKHVWLRQDUH�SH�ED]D�DQDOL]HL�GH�QHYRL��VXQW�DFHOHDоL�FKHVWLRQDUH�SH�FDUH�OH�DSOLFăP�FX�WRрLL�vQ�оFRDOă�SHQWUX�D�IDFH�R�ED]ă�GH�GDWH�OHJDWă�GH�QHYRLD�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�оL��DSRL��¿HFDUH��vQ�IXQFрLH�GH�FH�LGHQWL¿Fă�OD�QLYHOXO�оFROLL�GH�XQGH�HVWH��vоL�IDFH�SODQL¿FDUH�vQ�FDUH�vоL�WUHFH�FH�DFWLYLWăрL�vоL�SURSXQH�Vă�OXFUH]H�FX�FRSLLL�SH�FDUH�vL�DUH´�

$GUHVDELOLWDWHD܈�L�RELHFWLYHOH�VSHFL¿FH�DOH�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�SURJUDPHORUÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�DGUHVDELOLWDWHD�SURJUDPHORU��GHVLJXU�Fă�DFHDVWD�YL]HD]ă�R�SDOHWă�ODUJă��FH�YDULD]ă�GH�OD�SRSXOD܊LD�GH�SUH܈FRODUL�SkQă�OD�FHD�GH�OLFHX��¿HFDUH� FX� VSHFL¿FXO� SURSULX� �L܈ FX� QHYRLOH� GH� FRQVLOLHUH� DVRFLDWH� DFHVWXLD��ÌQ� FDGUXO� IRFXV�JUXSXULORU� DX� SDUWLFLSDW� FRQVLOLHUL� �FRODUL܈ DYkQG� H[SHULHQ܊ă�GLYHUVă�� FX� FRSLL� GH� OD� FLFOXO� SUH܈FRODU� SkQă� OD� DGROHVFHQ܊L� GLQ� FLFOX� OLFH�DO��0DMRULWDWHD� UăVSXQVXULORU� DX� YL]DW� DFWLYLWă܊L� LQGLYLGXDOH�� UHDOL]DWH�SHQWUX�HOHYL�DÀD܊L� vQ�VLWXD܊LL�GH� ULVF�VDX�DFWLYLWă܊L�GH�JUXS�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H�GH�YLD܊ă�

'H܈L�DP�DGUHVDW�vQWUHEăUL�VSHFL¿FH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�RELHFWLYHOH�DFWLYLWă܊LORU܈�L�DOH�SURJUDPHORU�LPSOHPHQWDWH��DFHVWHD�DX�IRVW�GHVWXO�GH�YDJ�IRUPXODWH�vQ�UăVSXQ�VXULOH�FRQVLOLHULORU��0DMRULWDWHD�GLQWUH�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�LPSOHPHQWDWH�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�IăUă�D�DYHD�XQ�RELHFWLY�VSHFL¿F��IăUă�D�XUPăUL�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H�DQXPH��FHHD�FH�FRQVWLWXLH�R�OLPLWă�D�LPSOHPHQWăULL�DFHVWRU�DFWLYLWă܊L��3HQWUX�D�LOXVWUD�FkWHYD�GLQWUH�RELHFWLYHOH�FX�H[LVWHQ܊D�LPSOLFLWă��SH�FDUH�OH�DX�LQIHUDW�

Page 96: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL� vQ� IRFXV�JUXSXUL��DP� LGHQWL¿FDW�H[HPSOH�GH�DFWLYLWă܊L� UHOH�YDQWH�GH�XQGH�SRW�¿�GHGXVH�

([HPSOXO����,GHQWLWDWHD�SURSULH܈�L�D�FHORUODO܊L��FRPXQLFDUHDÄ«SRUQLQG� IRDUWH�ED]DO�FKLDU�GH� OD�SRVWXUă��GH�PXOWH�RUL� vL� vQYăр�±�VWDX� vQ�VHPLFHUF�±� FXP�Vă� VH�SULYHDVFă�� FXP�Vă� VH�SHUFHDSă�� Vă� ¿H�SULPD�GDWă�FRQоWLHQW�GH�HO�vQVXоL��оL�DX�GH�IRDUWH�PXOWH�RUL�R�VXUSUL]ă��R�VWDUH�GH�FRQIX]LH�©FXP�DGLFă�Vă�QH�SULYLP�XQLL�SH�DOрLL"ª��Vă�¿H�FRQоWLHQрL�XQLL�GH�DOрLL��нL�SH�IXQGDOXO�DFHVWD�DO�GLQDPL]ăULL�оL�DO�VRPDWL]ăULL��оL�GXSă�DFHHD�GDFă�QH�GRDUH��GDFă�VLPрLP�XQGH�VLPрLP�оL�FH�VLPрLP��FRSLLL�H[SULPă�DQXPLWH�OXFUXUL´�

([HPSOXO����$ELOLWă܊L�VRFLDOH��GH�LQWHU�UHOD܊LRQDUH„De exemplu avem un program care ni se pare foarte interesant «La cinema GHYLQ�FLQHYDª�оL�WRFPDL�SULQ�YL]LRQDUHD�XQRU�¿OPH�GLVFXWăP�OD�FODVă��FRSLLL�UHXоHVF�Vă�VH�LGHQWL¿FH��DGLFă�FHHD�FH�IDF�HX�оL�vQFHUF�Vă�vL� vQYăр�FKLDU�vQ�PHGLXO�VHFXUL]DQW�XQHRUL�QX«��SHQWUX�Fă�VXQW�HL�ELVHULFXрH��JUXSXOHрH��WRWXоL�HVWH�XQ�PHGLX�SURSLFH�SHQWUX�D�VH�GH]YăOXL��оL�HX�DVWD�vL�vQFXUDMH]�Vă�IDFă��WRW�HX�DP�LQLрLDW�vQ�FODVHOH�D����D��XQGH�HX�OXFUH]�SH�JUXSH��Vă�FLWHDVFă�оL�Vă�YLQă�Vă�GLVFXWH�GHVSUH�FăUрL��FXP�VH�LGHQWL¿Fă�FX�SHUVRQDMHOH��FH�DX�vQYăрDW��FXP�DX�VFKLPEDW�HL�DFHO�GHVLJQ�DO�FăUрLL��2DUH�FXP�HVWH�UHODрLRQDWă�DFWLYLWD-WHD�DVWD�оL�FX�DFFHSWDUHD�GLIHUHQрHORU�GLQWUH�HL"�%LQHvQрHOHV��GDU�GLVFXW�SDUWHD�DFHDVWD�FX�HL��ÌQ�IDSW��HX�GRDU�vL�vQGHPQ�Vă�FLWHDVFă�PDL�PXOWH�FăUрL��GDU��GH�DOHV��HL� vоL� OH�DOHJ��$WXQFL�HVWH�FODU�Fă�GLVFXWă�UHIHULWRU� OD�DFHVWH�SUREOHPH�vQ� WUHPHQL�DL� UHODрLLORU�GLQWUH�FRJQLрLL��HPRрLL�оL�FRPSRUWDPHQWH��$SRL� IDFHP�vPSUHXQă�R�DQDOL]ă�PXOWLQLYHODUă�оL��FKLDU�GDFă�XQHRUL�HL�QX�vоL�GDX�VHDPD�FH�IDF�H[DFW��SH�GH�DOWă�SDUWH��QRL�оWLP�Fă�vL�DMXWă�IRDUWH�PXOW��нL�FXP�HL�QX�VXQW�RELоQXLрL�Vă�YRUEHDVFă��Vă�vоL�H[SULPH�LGHLOH��DWXQFL�vоL�IRUPHD]ă�DELOLWăрL�GH�GH]EDWHUH��IDSW�FDUH��GH�DVHPHQHD��vL�DMXWă�IRDUWH�PXOW�Vă�YRUEHDVFă�vQ�SXEOLF��Vă�vQYHрH�Vă�DFFHSWH�SăUHULOH�DOWRUD��Vă�VXVрLQă�R�LGHH´�

([HPSOXO����'H]YROWDUHD�VSLULWXOXL�FLYLF��LQFOLQD܊LD�VSUH�YROXQWDULDWÄ«DP� RUJDQL]DW� VăSWăPkQD� IUXFWHORU� оL� D� OHJXPHORU�� DSRL� GRQăP� R� FDUWH�VHPHQXOXL�QRVWUX��$P�IăFXW�FHUF�GH� OHFWXUă�оL�VăSWăPkQD�DVWD��GH�6IkQWXO�1LFRODH�� 'H� OD� HL� D� YHQLW� LGHHD� GH� D� VWUkQJH� EăQXрL� оL� GH� D� RIHUL� FDGRXUL�copiilor”.

([HPSOXO����$XWRFXQRD܈WHUH��GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOăÄ/D�FODVHOH�GH�D���D�HUD� WRFPDL�GH� WLSXO�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă�оL� YUHDX�Vă�VSXQ�Fă�D�IRVW�R�RFD]LH�H[FHSрLRQDOă��оL�SHQWUX�PLQH�оL�SHQWUX�HOHYL��SHQWUX�Fă�GDFă��vQ�PRG�QRUPDO��SXWHP�GHVIăоXUD�DFWLYLWăрL�OD�FODVH�оL�FRQVLOLHUH��IDSWXO�Fă�DL�DORFDWă�R�]L�SH�VăSWăPkQă�vQ�FDUH�DVWD�IDFL�FX�HOHYLL�оL�SRрL�Vă�YH]L�VDX�Vă�XUPăUHоWL�R�FRPSHWHQрD��QX�GRDU�Vă�R�Ä]JkQGăUL´��D�JHQHUDW��]LF�HX��QLоWH�UH]XOWDWH�YL]LELOH� OD� FRSLL��$X� IRVW�XUPăULWH� vQ�SULPXO� UkQG�DXWRFXQRDоWHUHD�

Page 97: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

оL��GXSă�DFHHD��GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�FRPSHWHQрH�оL�QRL�DP�PHUV�IRDUWH�PXOW�SH�GH]YROWDUHD� FRQFHSWXOXL� GH� VLQH� SULQ� GLYHUVH�PHWRGH�� FHOH�PDL�PXOWH� GLQ-WUH� HOH� SUHOXDWH� GLQ� SVLKRGUDPă�� ,DU� OD� FODVD� D� ���D� RSрLRQDOXO� VH� QXPHD�©$GROHVFHQрD� vQ�YkUVWă�PDUHª��GDU� LDUăоL�D� IRVW� IDLQ��)LLQG�R�SURJUDPă�GLQ�FDGUXO�&XUULFXOXPXOXL�OD�GHFL]LD�оFROLL��HUD�GHVWXO�GH�ÀH[LELOă�оL�QH�DP�SHUPLV�IRDUWH�PXOWH��оL�YUHDX�Vă�]LF�Fă�DP�VLPрLW�GLIHUHQрD�DQXO�DFHVWD��)DF�vQ�FRQ-WLQXDUH�DFWLYLWăрL�FX�FODVD�OD�VROLFLWDUHD�GLULJLQрLORU��vQ�VFKLPE�VROLFLWăULOH�VXQW�IRDUWH�PXOWH�SH�PDQDJHPHQWXO�FRQÀLFWHORU�оL�IUHFYHQрD�YLROHQрHL��6XQW�FkWHYD�FD]XUL�vQ�FDUH�VXQW�VROLFLWăUL�оL�SHQWUX�PDQDJHPHQWXO�HPRрLLORU�VDX�D�vQYăрăULL��GDU�PXOW�PDL�SXрLQ�GHFkW�vQ�FD]XO�FHORUODOWH�WLSXUL�GH�PDQDJHPHQW��нL�DWXQFL�DP�UHXоLW�Vă�YăG�DQXO�WUHFXW�R�RFD]LH�vQ�FDUH�HOHYLL�VH�GH]YROWDX�SULQ�DFWLYLWăрL�QRQIRUPDOH��$X�UHXоLW��DVWIHO��Vă�VH�FXQRDVFă�PDL�ELQH�оL�Vă�VH�GH]YROWH�´

([HPSOXO����8Q�SURJUDP�GH�IDFLOLWDUH�D�LQWHJUăULL�FRSLLORU�GLQ�JUXSD�PLFăÄ(�XQ�SURJUDP�SH�FDUH�O�DP�LQLрLDW�FX�SăULQрLL�OD�JUăGLQLрă��(O�H[LVWă�vQ�DFHV-WH�GRXă�JUăGLQLрH�оL� VH�GHUXOHD]ă� vQ�SHULRDGD�DFHHD�GH��±���VHSWHPEULH��FkQG�QRL��FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��PHUJHP�OD�JUăGLQLрă�оL�FRSLLL� vQFă�QX�DX�YHQLW��3UHJăWLP�JUXSHOH�FDUH�оWLP�Fă�YRU�SULPL�FRSLL�PLFL���±��DQL��GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YH-GHUH�DO�PHGLXOXL��DVWIHO�vQFkW�Vă�¿H�FkW�PDL�FDOG�оL�SULPLWRU��HGXFDWRDUHOH�DX�vQWkOQLUH�FX�PLQH�оL�FX�GLUHFWRDUHD��оL�DWXQFL�GLVFXWăP��(X�SXQ�PXOW�DFFHQW�SH�DVSHFWH�GLQ�SVLKRORJLD�GH]YROWăULL��SH�FDUH�OH�FRQVLGHU�XWLOH��3XWHP�DQDOL]D�vPSUHXQă�HWDSHOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�LGHQWLWăрLL�VDX�D�GLYHUVHORU�FRPSHWHQрH��GH�H[SORUDUH�D�DWDоDPHQWXOXL�оL�YHGHP�R�DOWIHO�GH�DERUGDUH��ÄGH�FH�H�QHYRLH�GH�MXFăULD�DLD�GH�DFDVă�OD�JUăGL´�SHQWUX�XQ�FRSLO�FX�XQ�DWDоDPHQW�PDL�DQ[LRV�оL�YHGHP�GH�FH�VH�vQWkPSOă�OXFUXO�DFHVWD�оL�Fă�DFROR�HVWH�R�GLDGă�SăULQWH�FRSLO��'XSă�FH�FODUL¿FăP��PDL�GHJUDEă�LQIRUPDWLY��оL�RIHU�R�DOWă�SHUVSHFWLYă��vQ� VHSWHPEULH� DYHP� vQWkOQLUHD� FX� SăULQрLL�� нL� YLQ�� FHL�PDL�PXOрL� GLQWUH� HL«�$QXO�WUHFXW�оL�DQXO�DFHVWD�DP�DYXW���±���GH�SHUVRDQH�SUH]HQWH��SăULQрL�DL�FRSLLORU��$P�vQYDрDW��GLQ�SUDFWLFD�PHD��FH�vQVHDPQă�R�PDPă��XQ�SăULQWH�FDUH�DоWHDSWă�OD�FROр��Yă]kQGX�оL�FRSLOXO�SH�JHDP�SOkQJkQG��/H�DP�H[SOLFDW�FDUH�DU�¿�SDUFXUVXO�¿UHVF��GXSă�FDUH�L�DP�LQYLWDW��WRW�vQ�SHULRDGD��±���VHSWHPEULH��OD��±��DFWLYLWăрL��3H�PDPL��WDWL��EXQLFD��IUDWH«�FkрL�DX�YUXW�HL��7UHL�VDX�SDWUX�]LOH�DX�YHQLW� OD�JUăGL��vQDLQWH�GH����VHSWHPEULH��vPSUHXQă�FX�HGXFDWRDUHOH�оL�FX�JUXSD��$P�GHVIăоXUDW�WRW�IHOXO�GH�MRFXOHрH�оL�DFWLYLWăрL�FX�HGXFDWRDUHOH��DP�SLFWDW�FX�SDOPHOH��DP�DÀDW�FH�OH�SODFH�оL�FH�QX�OH�SODFH��FH�LL�OLQLоWHоWH�SH�FRSLLL�ORU��GDFă�PDL�VXQW�IUDрL�vQ�IDPLOLH«�WRW�IHOXO�GH�DVSHFWH�оL�OXFUXUL�FDUH�VXQW�IRDUWH�LPSRUWDQWH�SHQWUX�GHEXWXO�GLQ����VHSWHPEULH���(L�ELQH��DX�YHQLW�оL�DX�SUHJăWLW�GRXă�RUH�vQ�JUăGLQLĠă��DX�Yă]XW�PHGLXO��V�DX�OLQLоWLW��)XQFрLRQHD]ă�GH�PLQXQH«�$X�Yă]XW�HGXFDWRDUHOH�оL�PHGLXO��DX� UHDOL]DW�Fă�QX�H�DоD�GH�UăX�vQFHSXWXO��DX�Yă]XW�VăOLOH�GH�JUXSă��Fă�H[LVWă�EDLH��оL�DX�HOLPLQDW�PXOWH�GLQ�VHPQHOH�ORU�GH�vQWUHEDUH��ÌQ�SOXV��DX�FUHDW�R�UHODрLH�IRDUWH�IUXPRDVă�FX�FRQVLOLHUXO�оFRODU��DX�оWLXW�Fă�DFHVWD�H[LVWă��DSRL�DX�vQFHSXW�Vă�YLQă�OD�FDELQHW�оL�DX�vQFHSXW�Vă�GHYLQă�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�LQWHUHVDрL��$P�vQFKHLDW�DFHVW�SUR-

Page 98: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

JUDP�OD�¿QDOXO�OXQLL�VHSWHPEULH��FX�XQ�DWHOLHU�SHQWUX�SăULQрL��vPSăUрLW�vQ��±��JUXSH�±�SHQWUX�Fă�HUD�LQWHUDFWLY�±��vQ�FDUH�DP�GLVFXWDW�FXP�D�IRVW�DGDSWDUHD�оL�SULPHOH�OXQL�GH�JUăGLQLрă��$�PHUV�PLQXQDW��(VWH�XQ�SURJUDP�FDUH�FHUH�PXOW�HIIRUW��ÌQ�SHULRDGD�GH�YDUă��FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�оL�FX�PLQH�PXQFLP�Vă�SUHJăWLP��dar merge foarte bine”.

5HVXUVH��PDWHULDOH��FRQ܊LQXWXUL��XWLOL]DWH�vQ�SURJUDPH�DFWLYLWă܊L3DUWLFLSDQ܊LL� DX�PHQ܊LRQDW�� vQ� SULPXO� UkQG�� R� QHYRLH� DFXWă� GH�PDWHULDOH� �L܈UHVXUVH�QHFHVDUH�GHUXOăULL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GH� IRUPDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWL�YH��'H܈L�VH� UHFXQRD܈WH�GLVSRQLELOLWDWHD�XQRU�PDWHULDOH�FRQ܊LQXWXUL� FH�SRW�¿�GHVFăUFDWH�GH�SH� LQWHUQHW� VDX�SUHOXDWH�GLQ� UH܊HDXD� VRFLDO�LQIRUPDOă�D� ¿H�FăUXL�FRQVLOLHU��VH�DFX]ă�FDUDFWHUXO�JHQHUDO�DO�DFHVWRUD��OLSVD�DGDSWăULL�ORU�OD�SUREOHPH�VSHFL¿FH�VDX�FRQWH[WH�SDUWLFXODUH��Ä«Vă�DP�PDWHULDO�FX�FH�Vă�IDF�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă��Fă�vQ�FH�Pă�SULYHоWH�LDX�GH�SH�LQWHUQHW��GH�SH�OD�FROHJL��FH�PDL�JăVHVF��FHU�GH�OD�XQXO�OD�DOWXO��vQWUHE��Pă�XLW�FH�SRVWHD]ă�XQXO�DOWXO��LDX�оL�HX��FHU«�GDU�Vă�¿H�FHYD�DFROR��R�PDSă�XWLOă�SHQWUX�WRDWă�OXPHD��Vă�R�SRW�IRORVL�оL�HX«�WRW�PHUJ�FX�FkUSLWXUL��FX�DGDSWăUL´�

'H�DVHPHQHD��PXO܊L� UHVSRQGHQ܊L�� XWLOL]kQG�PDWHULDOH�SUHOXDWH� vQ�DFHVW� IHO��DX� VHQWLPHQWXO� Fă� LPSURYL]HD]ă�� Fă� QX� VHUYHVF� vQ�PRG� FRHUHQW�� DUWLFXODW�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�FRQFUHWH��Ä«SH�WHPDWLFD�SH�FDUH�DрL�SURSXV�R��VXQW�PDWHULDOH�GL-YHUVH��GH�RELFHL�VXQW�FKLDU�PDWHULDOH�GH�OD�81,&()�SH�FDUH�OH�DP�GHVFăU-FDW��SH�GLYHUVH� WHPDWLFL��SH�DEX]�HPRрLRQDO�оL�RULHQWDUHD�FRSLLORU�� ÌQVă��XQ�PDWHULDO�FRQFUHW��DFKL]LрLRQDW�vQ�PRG�IRUPDO��GXSă�FDUH�Vă�OXFUăP��QX�DYHP��'HFL�WUHEXLH��GH�PXOWH�RUL��Vă�LPSURYL]ăP«�SOHFăP�GH�OD�FH�оWLP�QRL��GLQ�FH�PDWHULDOH�PDL�UHXоLP�Vă�IDFHP�URVW�оL��DWXQFL��QH�IDFHP�SURLHFWH�GH�OHFрLH�SH�QHYRLD�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�D�FODVHL�FX�FDUH�OXFUăP�´

'LQ�DQDOL]D�GDWHORU�UH]XOWă��GH�DVHPHQHD��QHYRLD�FRQVLOLHULORU�GH�D�¿�FRQHFWD܊L�OD�R�UH܊HD�GH�SURIHVLRQL܈WL�vQ�FDUH�SRW�Vă�FRQVXOWH�H[SHU܊L�FDUH�V�DX�FRQIUXQWDW�FX�SUREOHPH�VLPLODUH��7RWRGDWă��VH�H[SULPă�QHYRLD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH� IRU�PDUH�RULHQWDWH�PDL�SX܊LQ�SH�WHRULH܈�L�PDL�PXOW�SH�QHYRL�UHDOH��SH�HOHPHQWH�ÀH[LELOH�SH�FDUH�FRQVLOLHUXO�Vă�OH�SRDWă�DGDSWD�VLWXD܊LLORU�FRQFUHWH�FX�FDUH�VH�FRQIUXQWă��Ä«H�QHYRLH�GH�XQ�WXWRULDO��XQ�VFKLPE�GH�LQIRUPDрLL��SRVLELOLWDWHD�GH�D�GLDORJD�FX�FLQHYD�FDUH�D�IăFXW�OXFUXO�DFHOD��FDUH�D�DSOLFDW�PHWRGD�оL�DSRL�GH�LQWHUQDOL]DW��$GLFă�Vă�YHUL¿F�GDFă�UH]RQH]�FX�PHWRGD�UHVSHFWLYă��GDFă�HX�DP�vQ�PLQH�UHVXUVH��GDFă�UăVSXQGH�FX�DGHYăUDW�QHYRLL�PHOH��SHQWUX�Fă�HX�VXQW�FHO�FH�SUDFWLFă��0DL�SUHFLV��HL�WUHEXLH�Vă�vQрHOHDJă�Fă�H�YRUED�GH�IHOXO�ORU�GH�D�¿�оL�GH�QHYRLD�ORU�UHDOă��SHQWUX�Fă�QRL�SXWHP�YHGHD�R�QHYRLH�XQGH�HD�QX�H[LVWă��SHQWUX�Fă�VXQWHP�LQÀXHQрDрL�оL�QRL�GH�WRDWH�DFHVWH�SURJUDPH�FDUH�

Page 99: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

YLQ�FăWUH�QRL«�оL�VXQW�DFXP�R�VXPHGHQLH«�GDU� LPSRUWDQW�HVWH�FH�VHQV�оL�XWLOLWDWH�OH�Gă�¿HFDUH�GLQWUH�QRL�оL�FkW�GH�PXOW�UăVSXQG�HOH��FX�DGHYăUDW��QHYRLL�VSHFL¿FH�GH�OD�FODVă´�

1X�vQ�XOWLPXO�UkQG��SDUWLFLSDQ܊LL�DFX]ă܈�L�XWLOL]DUHD�XQRU� LQVWUXPHQWH��PDWH�ULDOH� LPSXVH�� GDU� FDUH� QX܈�L� GRYHGHVF� UHOHYDQ܊D� vQ� DFWLYLWDWHD� FRWLGLDQă� D�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�� Ä«Pă�JkQGHDP�Fă�¿оD�SVLKRSHGDJRJLFă�HVWH�XQ� LQVWUXPHQW�XWLO� vQ�PRPHQWXO� vQ� FDUH� vрL� LQWUă� vQ� оFRDOă� FRSLOXO�� 7RDWH� DUDUă� FDP� OD� IHO��%LQH��DP�DYXW�GLVFXрLL�оL�FX�HGXFDWRDUHOH�GHVSUH�FXP�VH�FRPSOHWHD]ă�R�¿оă�SVLKRSHGDJRJLFă�FDUH�HVWH�GH�р�SDJLQL�оL�FDUH�QX�DUH��SkQă�OD�XUPă��QLFL�R�UHOHYDQрă�YL]DYL�GH�SHUVRDQD�UHVSHFWLYă��SHQWUX�Fă�WRDWH�VXQW�FRPSOHWDWH�FD�Vă�¿H�FRPSOHWDWH��2UL�SkQă�H[SORUH]L��SkQă�DÀL�LVWRULFXO�FD]XOXL�GH�PXOWH�RUL�HVWH�GL¿FLO�Vă�DL«�GH�FH�VH�IDF�LQVWUXPHQWH�FDUH�QX�VXQW�UHOHYDQWH"´�

5H]XOWDWHOH�SURJUDPHORU�DFWLYLWă܊LORU

ÌQ�SULYLQ܊D�UH]XOWDWHORU�DFHVWRU�DFWLYLWă܊L��VH�UHPDUFă�vQ�SULPXO�UkQG�IDSWXO�Fă�SUHGRPLQă�R�PRGDOLWDWH�QHVWDQGDUGL]DWă�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�DFHVWRUD��6H�LQYRFă�GH�PXOWH�RUL�PHWRGD�REVHUYD܊LHL�QHVLVWHPDWLFH��RFD]LRQDOH��GH�vQUHJLVWUDUH�D�SURJUHVHORU�FRSLLORU��Ä'H�D�OXQJXO�WLPSXOXL��DP�REVHUYDW�Fă�H�R�YDULDQWă�IRDU-WH� IXQFрLRQDOă��([WUDJ�QLоWH� LQIRUPDрLL��VH�VLPW�ELQH�оL�PHUJH�IRDUWH�UDSLG«�,PDJLQHD�GH�VLQH�оL�FX�DXWRFXQRDоWHUHD�оL�WRDWH�DFHVWHD«�Fă�YHUEDOL]HD]ă�PXOW�PDL�XоRU�GHVSUH�HL��HPRрLLOH�ORU�оL�OH�LGHQWL¿Fă�IRDUWH�XоRU´��ÌQ�DQXPLWH�VLWXD܊LL��DFHDVWă�PHWRGă�HVWH�vQORFXLWă��XQHRUL�GXEODWă��GH�LQWHUYLXO�QHVLVWH�PDWLF�VDX�GLVFX܊LD� LQIRUPDOă�� Ä/H�DP�FHUXW� IHHGEDFN��)RDUWH�VSHFL¿F«�&H�DQXPH�OL�V�D�SăUXW�IRDUWH�XWLO�оL�GH�FH��нL�SH�SDUFXUV��GXSă�¿HFDUH�DFWLYLWDWH��IăFHDP�JHQXO�DFHVWD�GH�GLVFXрLL��8OWLPHOH�vQWkOQLUL�FKLDU�DX�IRVW�D[DWH�SH�OX-FUXO�DFHVWD��1�DP�HYDOXDW�DOWIHO��Vă�]LF�SULQWU�R�SUREă��1X�DP�IăFXW�FHUFHWDUH��5ăVSXQVXULOH�QX�DX�IRVW�QHVHPQL¿FDWLYH��FL�GLQ�FRQWUă�DX�IRVW�IRDUWH�HODERUD-WH��6�D�Yă]XW�оL�SDUWHD�VSHFL¿Fă�D�¿HFăUXLD�FDUH�D�JăVLW�FHYD�GLIHULW��$�JăVLW�FHHD�FH�D�DYXW�¿HFDUH�QHYRLH�vQ�SURJUDP´�

ÌQ�DQXPLWH�VLWXD܊LL��RELHFWLYXO� LQYHVWLJD܊LHL� LQIRUPDOH�FX�SULYLUH� OD�DFWLYLWDWHD�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�SDUH�Vă�VH�FRQYHUWHDVFă�GLQ�H¿FLHQ܊ă�vQ�VDWLVIDF܊LD�FRSLLORU� OH�JDWă�GH�DFWLYLWDWH��Ä$VWD�HVWH��DоD�FXDQWL¿F�HX��FHO�SXрLQ«�0HUJ�SH�DFWLYLWăрL�OD�FODVă��Pă�SUH]LQW��Pă�YăG�FRSLLL��YăG�FXP�OXFUH]��(X�OH�VSXQ�©GDFă�Y�D�SOăFXW��SXWHP�Vă�PDL�VWDELOLP�оL�R�XUPăWRDUH�vQWkOQLUHª�оL��GH�RELFHL��R�VROLFLWă�OD�SURIHVRUXO�GLULJLQWH�©PDL�YUHP�Vă�PDL�YLQă�GRDPQD�SVLKRORJª��'DU�GH�FHOH�PDL�PXOWH�RUL�YăG�GDFă�GLQ�FODVD�UHVSHFWLYă�HX�DP�UHXоLW��0ăFDU�FkрLYD�YLQ�OD�FRQVLOLHUH�LQGLYLGXDOă�оL��GDFă�YLQ��vQVHDPQă��FXPYD��Fă�PL�DP�DWLQV�VFRSXO��(X�VXQW�DLFL��VXQW�SHQWUX�YRL��'DFă�YUHрL�PDL�PXOW�Yă�DоWHSW�Vă�YRUELP´�

Page 100: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

$OăWXUL�GH�DFHVWH�PRGDOLWă܊L�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�UH]XOWDWHORU��VH�UHPDUFă܈�L�PRGDOLWă܊L�PDL� RELHFWLYH�� ED]DWH� SH� REVHUYD܊LLOH� HGXFDWRULORU�� SURIHVRULORU�� GLULJLQ܊LORU�DVXSUD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL�FRSLLORU��Ä«OD�QLYHOXO�FODVHL�H[LVWă��WRWXоL��R�PRQL-WRUL]DUH�GLQ�SDUWHD�GLULJLQрLORU��DFHоWLD�QH�VSXQ�GDFă�XQ�FRSLO�D�PDL�DYXW�VDX�QX�SUREOHPH�VLPLODUH��(X�OH�PDL�GDX�FKLDU�оL�R�¿оă�GH�FRPSOHWDW�SHQWUX�DQD-OL]D�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL�vQ�FD]XULOH�VSHFLDOH«�GDFă�PDL�H[LVWă�UXSHUL�GH�ULWP��FRPSRUWDPHQWH�GH�ULVF��FRPSRUWDPHQWH�GHYLDQWH��GDFă�VLWXDрLD� OXL�оFRODUă�V�D�vPEXQăWăрLW�´

7RWX܈L܈��L� vQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W��SDUWLFLSDQ܊LL� UHFXQRVF�Fă�DFHDVWă�PRGDOLWDWH�QX�SRDWH�VXUSULQGH�vQWRWGHDXQD�VFKLPEDUHD��Ä6FKLPEăULOH�VXQW�PLFL��V�DU�SXWHD�Vă�VH�YDGă�DFXP��V�DU�SXWHD�Vă�VH�YDGă�PDL�WkU]LX«�6DX��HX�оWLX"��3RDWH�H�XQ�FRPSRUWDPHQW�SH�FDUH��XQHRUL��SURIHVRULL�QLFL�PăFDU�QX�O�REVHUYă´�

1X�vQ�XOWLPXO�UkQG��SDUWLFLSDQ܊LL�DGPLW�LGHHD�Fă�VFKLPEDUHD�vQ�VLQH��PDL�DOHV�SHQWUX�FD]XULOH�GH�FRSLL�FX�SUREOHPH�FRPSOH[H�HVWH�XQ�SURFHV�GH�GXUDWă��XQHRUL�FX�R�ODWHQ܊ă�PDUH�D�VFKLPEăULL��FDUH�SRDWH�GHSă܈L�LQWHUYDOHOH�GH�WLPS�DFRSHULWH�GH�LQWHUDF܊LXQHD�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�FX�FD]XO��Ä(IHFWXO�QX�HVWH�UDSLG��QX�vQWRWGHDXQD�SXWHP�FXDQWL¿FD� RULFH��&KLDU� GXSă����� оHGLQрH«�$FROR� XQGH�SRYHVWHD�HVWH�PDL�YHFKH��DFROR�XQGH�WUDXPD�D�SULQV�UăGăFLQL�DGkQFL��DFROR�XQGH�PHGLXO�GLQ�FDUH�SURYLQH�FRSLOXO�H�XQ�PHGLX�WR[LF��QX�DP�FXP�Vă�FXDQWL-¿F�GXSă��±��оHGLQрH��'H�PXOWH�RUL�WH�рLL�GH�FkWH�XQ�FRSLO´�

)DFWRULL�FDUH�LQÀXHQ܊HD]ă�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU܈�L�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYHD��&RPSHWHQ܊HOH�FRQVLOLHUXOXL2�SULPă�FRPSHWHQ܊ă�LPSRUWDQWă�HYLGHQ܊LDWă�GH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L�D�IRVW�DFHHD�GH�FRPXQLFDUH� �L܈ UHOD܊LRQDUH��$FHDVWD� D� IRVW� SHUFHSXWă� FD� ¿LQG� UHOHYDQWă� QX�GRDU�SHQWUX�UHOD܊LRQDUHD�FX�FRSLLL��GDU܈�L�SHQWUX�UHOD܊LLOH�FX�SăULQ܊LL�DFHVWRUD��L��PDL�DOHV��FX�FHOHODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��Ä$U�WUHEXL�Vă�DLEă�HL�FRPSHWHQрHOH܈GH�FRPXQLFDUH��UHODрLRQDUH�оL�SOăFHUH�GH�D�оWL�Vă�JHVWLRQH]H�UHODрLLOH�WHQVLR-QDWH��'H�H[HPSOX�HX��SHUVRQDO��DP�SUREOHPH�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�FX�XQHOH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH�оL�DWXQFL�PL�DU�SULQGH�IRDUWH�ELQH�Vă�vQYăр�FkWHYD�WHKQLFL�GH�FRPX-QLFDUH�H¿FLHQWă´�

2�DOWă�FRPSHWHQ܊ă�PHQ܊LRQDWă��DGDSWDWă�FRQWH[WXOXL�UHDO� vQ�FDUH�RSHUHD]ă�FRQVLOLHULL܈�L�PDL�DOHV�WLSXULORU�GH�VDUFLQL�IRUPDOH�SH�FDUH�OH�DX��D�IRVW�DFHHD�GH�PDQDJHPHQW� DO� FODVHL�� Ä8Q� OXFUX� FDUH�PL� V�DU� SăUHD� XWLO� SHQWUX� YLLWRULL�FRQVLOLHUL�H�Vă�vQYHрH�HL�PHWRGH�GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�FODVHL��3HQWUX�Fă�DFHDVWD�HVWH�XQD�GLQWUH�FHOH�PDL�JURDVH�FHULQрH�SH�FDUH�OH�SULPHVF�FD�оL�FRQVLOLHUL´�

Page 101: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

ÌQ�PXOWH�LQWHUYHQ܊LL�DOH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊LORU�V�D�HYLGHQ܊LDW�vQFă�R�FRPSHWHQ܊ă�UHOH�YDQWă��DFHHD�GH�D�DERUGD�QRQ�IRUPDO�FRSLLL�vQ�VFRSXO�IDFLOLWăULL� LQWHUDF܊LXQLL��$FHDVWă�FRPSHWHQ܊ă�DWUDJH�� vQ�RSLQLD�SDUWLFLSDQ܊LORU��XQ�JUDG�PDL�PDUH�GH�LPSOLFDUH�GLQ�SDUWHD�FRSLLORU��R�GH]LQKLEDUH܈�L�XQ�UăVSXQV�PDL�RQHVW��„Legat GH�FH�D�]LV�FROHJD�PHD�GHVSUH�QRQIRUPDO��HX�YLQ�GLQWU�XQ�OLFHX�XQGH�H[LVWă�XQ�PHGLX�FRPSHWLWLY��'HVLJXU��FD]XLVWLFD�GLIHULWă��'DU�HX�SUR¿W�PHUHX�GH�RFD-]LD�GH�D�LQWUD�OD�FODVă�VXE�GLIHULWH�PRWLYH��6ă�]LFHP�Fă�XQLL�GLULJLQрL�SUHIHUă�Vă�Pă�DLEă�SH�PLQH�OD�FODVă�SHQWUX�Fă�DX�REVHUYDW�UHDFрLD�FRSLLORU�GH�FkQG�DP�YHQLW�HX�OD�FODVă�оL�SRDWH�SHQWUX�Fă�QX�DX�GLVSRQLELOLWDWH�GH�D�VXVрLQH�RUD�GH�GLULJHQрLH��нL�DWXQFL�SUR¿W�оL�LQWUX�FX�FHHD�FH�VLPW�Fă�DU�SXWHD�¿�EHQH¿F�OD�JUXSXO�UHVSHFWLY��3UHIHU�QRQIRUPDOXO�SH�FDUH�O�DP�GHVFRSHULW�GH�FHYD�WLPS�оL�FKLDU�VXQW�YDOHQрH�GHRVHELWH�´

2�DOWă� FRPSHWHQ܊ă� LGHQWL¿FDWă� vQ� FDGUXO� IRFXV�JUXSXULORU� HVWH� DFHHD� GH� D�LQWHUDF܊LRQD� OXGLF� FX� FRSLLL�� Ä$VWD� WUHEXLH� Vă� vQрHOHDJă� SURIHVRUXO�� &ă� H� R�GLIHUHQрă�Vă�WH�MRFL�RULоLFH��&KLDU�оL�GDFă�MRFL�XQ�PHFL�GH�IRWEDO��WRW�VH�FUHHD-]ă�R�OHJăWXUă�FX�HOHYXO��нL�H[LVWă�MRF�GLGDFWLF�SH�FDUH�SRрL�Vă�O�DSOLFL�OD�RULFH�YkUVWă�оL�OD�JUăGLQLрă�оL�OD�OLFHX��1X�HVWH�R�FRQGLрLH«�DDD��GDFă�WH�MRFL��HоWL�GHMD�QHVHULRV´�

1X�vQ�XOWLPXO�UkQG��SDUWLFLSDQ܊LL�DX�YDORUL]DW�ÀH[LELOLWDWHD�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�L�GLV�SRQLELOLWDWHD�GH�D�DGDSWD�WLSXO�GH�LQWHUDF܊LXQH�OD�VSHFL¿FXO�¿HFăUXL�FRSLO��„De H[HPSOX��XQXL�HOHY�UHSHWHQW�FX�FRPSRUWDPHQW�RSR]DQW��SUREOHPDWLF��vL�SODFH�оDKXO��$WXQFL�QH� MXFăP�оDK� OD�RUD�GH�FRQVLOLHUH� оL� DFHVWD�HVWH� vQFHSXWXO´��)OH[LELOLWDWHD�HVWH�Yă]XWă�FD�R�DOWHUQDWLYă�PDL�H¿FLHQWă�OD�DSOLFDUHD�VWDQGDU�GL]DWă�D�XQRU�SURLHFWH�SUH�IDEULFDWH��Ä«оL�DоD�H�FHO�PDL�H¿FLHQW��GH�IDSW��Fă�GDFă�WH�GXFL�FXP�VH�GXFH�SURIHVRUXO�OD�FODVă�FX�SURLHFWXO�оL�WH�рLL�QXPDL�GH�HO��ULоWL�Vă�GHYLL�SOLFWLVLWRU´�

E��&RPXQLWDWHD��VXSRUWXO�LQVWLWX܊LRQDO�ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�VSULMLQXO� LQVWLWX܊LRQDO��SDUWLFLSDQ܊LL� OD� IRFXV�JUXS�DX�SXV�LQ�HYLGHQ܊ă�SUHGRPLQDQW�VLWXD܊LL�GH�VXSRUW�GH¿FLWDU��$QDOL]D�DFHVWRUD�D�JH�QHUDW� FkWHYD� FDWHJRULL� GLVWLQFWH� GH� DVSHFWH�� SH� FDUH� OH� SUH]HQWăP� vQ� FHOH�FH�XUPHD]ă�

,QFHUWLWXGLQHD�XQHL�FRQWLQXLWăрL��$FHDVWă�SUREOHPă�VH�UHIHUă�OD�SRVLELOLWDWHD�FD�RULFkQG��FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�Vă�¿H�WUDQVIHUD܊L�GH�OD�XQ�FLFOX�HGXFD܊LRQDO�OD�DOWXO��GH�OD�R�JUXSă�GH�YkUVWă�OD�DOWD��$FHVW�OXFUX�UHVHWHD]ă�SUDFWLF�PXQFD�ORU܈�L�VROL�FLWă�FRQFHSHUHD�XQHL�JDPH�WRWDO�GLIHULWH�GH�DFWLYLWă܊L��DGDSWDWH�VSHFL¿FXOXL�GH�YkUVWă�QRXOXL�FLFOX�HGXFD܊LRQDO��Ä«оL�vQ�RULFH�PRPHQW�SXWHP�Vă�¿P�VFKLPEDрL�OD�R�DOWă� LQVWLWXрLH��$GLFă�DFXP�� OXFUDP�FX�SUHоFRODULL��GDU�SRDWH�DQXO�YLLWRU�YRP�DFWLYD�OD�FLFOXO�JLPQD]LXO�VDX�YRP�OXFUD�FX�FHL�GH�OD�OLFHX��$GLFă�SODMD�GH�YkUVWă�OD�FDUH�LQWHUYHQLP�HVWH�IRDUWH�ODUJă��PDL�DOHV�SHQWUX�FRQVLOLHULL�FDUH�

Page 102: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

96

QX�VXQW�WLWXODUL�SH�SRVW��1X�VH�оWLH�XQGH�SULQ]L�SRVWXO�DFHOD�оL��DWXQFL��WUHEXLH�Vă�¿P�SUHJăWLрL�SHQWUX�R�SODMă�GH�YkUVWă�IRDUWH�PDUH��'D��HVWH�IRDUWH�JUHX�Vă�WUHFL��IRDUWH�IUHFYHQW�оL�EUXVF��GH�OD�DGROHVFHQрL�OD�SUHоFRODUL��¿LQG�FX�WRWXO�оL�FX�WRWXO�DOWă�WHPDWLFă��FX�WRWXO�оL�FX�WRWXO�DOW�FRPSRUWDPHQW´�

$FFHQWXO� H[FHVLY� SH� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWăрLORU� FRJQLWLYH�� $FHDVWă� SUREOHPă�VHPQDODWă�GH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L�VH�UHIHUă� OD�R�VXSUDvQFăUFDUH�FX�DFWLYLWă܊L�GH�VWL�PXODUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�FRJQLWLYH�DOH�FRSLLORU��FDUH�DU�FRUHOD�FX�SUHJăWLUHD�VXSH�ULRDUă�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��FDUH�SUREDELO�JHQHUHD]ă�H[SHFWDQ܊H�IRDUWH�vQDOWH�VXE�DFHVW�DVSHFW��$FHVW�SDWWHUQ�FRQGXFH�OD�XQ�IRFXV�GH¿FLWDU�SH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��Ä&X�FkW�QLYHOXO�GH�SUHJăWLUH�DO�HGXFDWRDUHL�HVWH�PDL�vQDOW��FX�DWkW�HVWH�PDL�JUHX�FD�HGXFDWRDUHOH�Vă�VH�FRERDUH�OD�QLYHOXO�FRSLLORU��QLYHOXULOH�ED]DOH��оL�vQFHDUFă�WRW�WLPSXO�Vă�PHDUJă�PDL�VXV��Vă�vQFHUFH�vQFă�R�DFWLYLWDWH�FDUH�vL�DJLWă�оL�PDL�WDUH�SH�FRSLL��6ă�vQYăрăP�оL�QX�оWLX�FH«�оL�QX�vQрHOHJ�Fă�vQ�FkWHYD�]LOH��FRSLLL�DFHоWLD�XLWă�WRWXO��&RPSRQHQрD�FRJQLWLYă�HVWH�XOWLPD��(D�VH�GH]YROWă��GDU�PDL�JUHX«�$X�QHYRLH�GH�VWUXFWXUă�оL�GH�D�vQрHOHJH�OD�QLYHO�ED]DO�FHHD�FH�VH�vQWkPSOă�vQ�MXUXO�ORU´�

&HULQрH�QHUHDOLVWH�SULYLQG�VWDWXWXO�GH�FRQVLOLHU��$FHDVWă�SUREOHPă�VH�UHIHUă�vQ�SULPXO� UkQG� OD�R�DSDUHQWă� FRQIX]LH�VXSUDSXQHUH�D� UROXULORU� HGXFDWRULORU��FRQVLOLHULORU� �L܈ FRQGXFHULL� LQVWLWX܊LHL� OHJDW�GH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU� FRSLLORU��$FHDVWD�IDFH�FD�DFH܈WLD�GLQ�XUPă�Vă�EHQH¿FLH]H��SUREDELO��PDL�SX܊LQ�GHFkW�DU�SXWHD�GLQ�LQWHUDF܊LXQHD�FX�¿HFDUH�VSHFLDOLVW��5ROXO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�SDUH�Vă�QX�¿H�vQWRWGHDXQD�vQ܊HOHV�GH�FăWUH�LQVWLWX܊LD�vQ�FDUH�DFHVWD�IXQF܊LRQHD]ă��„Deci… оL�SVLKRORJXO�VH�RFXSă�GH�GH]YROWDUHD�DFHVWRU�FRPSHWHQрH�оL�HGXFDWRDUHD�VH�RFXSă«�оL� JUăGLQLрD� HVWH� UHVSRQVDELOă� GH�GH]YROWDUHD�DXWRQRPLHL� оL� D�GH]YROWăULL�VRFLR�HPRрLRQDOH��ÌQ�UHDOLWDWH�18�HVWH�DоD��¿HFDUH�IDFH�SH�SDUWHD�OXL�FkWH�FHYD��OXFUHD]ă�SH�FRULGRDUH�±�vQ�VHQVXO�Fă�QX�DL�XQGH�Vă�vO�GXFL�±�оL�vQ�PRPHQWXO�DFHVWD�XQXO�GLQWUH�FRSLL�SOkQJH�GH�vL�VDUH�FăPDоD�GH�SH�HO�оL��FXPYD��QLPHQL�QX�vO�EDJă�vQ�VHDPă«�©/DVă�O�Fă�R�Vă�L�WUHDFă«ª´��

6XEPLQDUHD� DXWRULWăрLL� FRQVLOLHUXOXL�� 6HQVLELO� SUREOHPDWLFă� HVWH� VLWXD܊LD� vQ�FDUH� LQVWLWX܊LD� vQ�FDUH� IXQF܊LRQHD]ă�FRQVLOLHUXO�QX�GRDU�Fă�QX�L� vQ܊HOHJH� UR�OXO��GDU�vL܈�L�VXEPLQHD]ă�DXWRULWDWHD�SURIHVLRQDOă�vQ�ID܊D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��D�SăULQ܊LORU܈�L�QX�vQ�XOWLPXO�UkQG�D�FRSLLORU��ÌQ�FH�SULYH܈WH�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��Ä'HFL�DVWIHO�VXQWHP�SUH]HQWDрL«�©Yă�YRUEHоWH�SVLKRORJXO�JUăGLQLрHL��LDU�DSRL�WUHFHP�QRL�OD�DOH�QRDVWUHª��ÌQ�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRSLLL��©$L�IRVW�UăX��WUHEXLH�Vă�PHUJL�OD�SVLKRORJª� LDU�HX�Pă�FKLQXL�GHVHRUL�Vă� OH�H[SOLF�Fă�QX�HVWH�FHYD� UăX�Vă�PHUJL�OD�SVLKRORJ��6XQW�H[WUHP�GH�UăVSkQGLWH�DFHVWH�HWLFKHWH«�8QHRUL�OH�IDF�GH�IDрă�FX�QRL��3VLKRORJXO�HVWH�Yă]XW�Fă�XQ�EDX�EDX��QLFLGHFXP�FD�XQ�DMXWRU�specializat”.

Page 103: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

97

'HSHQGHQрD� LPSOHPHQWăULL� XQXL� SURJUDP� GH� VXELHFWLYLWDWHD� FRQGXFHULL�LQVWLWXрLHL��$FHDVWă�SUREOHPă�HVWH�VWUkQV�OHJDWă�GH�DFFHQWXO�SXV�SH�DELOLWă܊LOH�FRJQLWLYH��ÌQ�IDSW��VSHFL¿FXO�HL�SURYLQH�GLQ�IDSWXO�Fă�PRGXO�VXELHFWLY�DO�FRQGX�FHULL�LQVWLWX܊LHL�GH�D܈�L�GH¿QL�FRQFHSWXO�GH�SHUIRUPDQ܊ă�D�FRSLLORU�LQÀXHQ܊HD]ă�PRGXO� vQ� FDUH� FRQVLOLHUXO� v܈L� SRDWH� GHVIă܈XUD� DFWLYLWDWHD� FX� FRSLLL�� ¿H� SULQ�SUHVLXQL� GLUHFWH�� ¿H� LQGLUHFW�� SULQ� UHVWUkQJHUHD� WLPSXOXL� GLVSRQLELO� DFHVWRU�DFWLYLWă܊L��Ä$FXP�PăVXUD�vQ�FDUH�HOH��SURJUDPHOH��VXQW�DSOLFDWH�GHSLQGH�GH�GLUHFрLXQH«´��$FROR�XQGH�FRQGXFHUHD�LQVWLWX܊LHL�DUH�R�DWLWXGLQH�FRQFRUGDQWă�FX�RELHFWLYHOH�FRQVLOLHUXOXL��PXQFD�DFHVWXLD�GLQ�XUPă�HVWH�PXOW�IDFLOLWDWă�� „...GLUHFWRUXO�JUăGLQLрHL�QH�SRDWH�DMXWD�IRDUWH�PXOW��GDFă�HO�FUHGH�FX�WăULH�vQ�FHHD�FH� OH�SURSXQHP��$WXQFL� OXFUXULOH�PHUJ�PXOW�PDL�XоRU��нL�H�R�GRYDGă�Fă�VH�SRDWH��$VWD�HUD�LGHHD��Ä+DL�Vă�H[SHULPHQWăP�DQXO�DFHVWD��'DFă�H�XQ�¿DVFR�WRWDO�UHQXQĠăP´��&UHLHUXO�QRVWUX�DоD�HVWH�VHWDW��6ă�YHGHP�FXP�IXQFрLRQHD]ă�оL�DSRL�YHGHP�FXP�FRQWLQXăP��'HSLQGH�FkW�GH�PXOW�FUH]L�vQ�DVWD´�

1HYRLD� GH� OHJLWLPLWDWH�OHJLWLPDUH� D� VWDWXVXOXL� оL� UROXOXL� FRQVLOLHUXOXL� vQ�LQVWLWXрLH��$FHDVWă�SUREOHPă�VH�UHIHUă�OD�IDSWXO�Fă��GH�PXOWH�RUL��DWkW�LQVWLWX܊LD�FkW܈�L�SăULQ܊LL�SRW�SHUFHSH�FRQVLOLHUXO�FD�¿LQG�D�FLQFHD�URDWă�OD�FăUX܊ă��FX�DOWH�FXYLQWH��HO�HVWH�XQ�VSHFLDOLVW�D�FăUXL�SUH]HQ܊ă�vQ܈�FRDOă�QX�DU�¿�VX¿FLHQW�DU�JXPHQWDWă��Ä&UHG�Fă�DU�¿�IRDUWH�LPSRUWDQW�Vă�VH�FODUL¿FH�FDUH�HVWH�SRVWXUD�QRDVWUă� GH�SHUVRDQH� WROHUDWH� vQ�PHGLXO� UHVSHFWLY��'H�PXOWH� RUL� WUHEXLH� Vă�QH�WRW�FRQIRUPăP��DMXVWăP«�$P�оL�HX�XQ�URO�DLFL��0ă�DFFHSWDрL�VDX�QX"´��6DX�vQ�UHODWDUHD�DOWXL�SDUWLFLSDQW��„Educatoarele sunt cu directoarea exact pe DFHDоL�OXQJLPH�GH�XQGă��(VWH�IRDUWH�JUHX�Vă�FRPXQLF�FX�HOH��&H�PRGDOLWDWH�Dо�SXWHD�Vă�JăVHVF�Fă�Vă�H[LVWH��HIHFWLY��R�GRYDGă�D�FHHD�FH�IDF��SHQWUX�D�QX�PDL�DSăUHD�WRW�IHOXO�GH�FRQÀLFWH��WHQVLXQL��OXFUXUL�GH�JHQXO�DFHVWD��'HFL�FKLDU�P�DP�FRQIUXQWDW�FX�SUREOHPD�DVWD�оL��QX�оWLX«�FRQVLOLHUH�оL�SHQWUX�GRDPQHOH�educatoare ar trebui”. &RQVHFLQ܊D�DFHVWHL�SUREOHPH�HVWH�XQHRUL�XQ�WUDWDPHQW�GLVFULPLQDWRULX�DO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL� vQ� UDSRUW�FX�FHOHODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��R�PR�QLWRUL]DUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�D�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�OXL��Ä$�WUHEXLW�Vă�OH�FHUHP�SHUPLVLXQHD�SăULQрLORU� vQ�PRG�VFULV��&ROHJXO�PHX��FDUH�HVWH�GLULJLQWH� OD�FODVă��SRDWH�Vă�YLQă�FX�DEVROXW�RULFH�SURJUDP�QHYDOLGDW��QHVXSHUYL]DW��1X�WUHEXLH�Vă�FHDUă�SHUPLVLXQHD�SăULQWHOXL��,DU�QRL��FDUH�VXQWHP�GHMD�YDOLGDрL�vQ�QX�оWLX�FkWH�UkQ-GXUL��PDL�WUHEXLH�Vă�FHUHP�оL�DFRUGXO�SăULQрLORU�Fă�Vă�SXWHP�LQWUD�VDX�FRQVLOLD�copilul´��'H�DVHPHQHD��R�DOWă�FRQVHFLQ܊ă�D�DFHVWHL�SUREOHPH�GH�OHJLWLPLWDWH�HVWH�LJQRUDUHD�RSLQLLORU�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�DWkW�vQ�GHFL]LLOH�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�FkW܈�L�vQ�GHFL]LLOH�SH�FDUH�OH�LDX�SăULQ܊LL��Ä$P�YUXW�Vă�VSXQ�Fă�QRL�IDFHP�FRQVLOLHUH�оL�UHRULHQWDUH��GDU��GH�IDSW��GH�FHHD�FH�IDFHP�QRL�QX�рLQH�FRQW�DSURDSH�QLPHQL��0DL�DOHV�SăULQрLL�SHQWUX�RULHQWDUH«�3HQWUX�Fă�PLH�PL�V�D� vQWkPSODW�Vă� vPL�VSXQă�Fă�©YUHрL�FD��FRSLOXO�PHX�Vă�QX� IDFă� OLFHXO"ª«�FRSLOXO�GkQVHL��FDUH�HUD�FRULJHQW� OD�PDWHPDWLFă�оL�HUD�SURPRYDW��GLQ�PLOD�SURIHVRULORU��SHQWUX�D�QX�DMXQJH�UHSHWHQW�VDX�OD�R�оFRDOă�VSHFLDOă��ÌQ�DVHPHQHD�FD]XUL��XQLL�SăULQрL�QX�VXQW�RELоQXLрL�Vă�UHVSHFWH�UHJXOLOH�SHQWUX�Fă�QX�vL�REOLJă�QLFL�OHJLVODрLD��ÌQ�

Page 104: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

��

(XURSD�FLYLOL]DWă�OL�VH�IDFH�WUDVHXO�HGXFDрLRQDO�GLQ�FODVD�D���D��ÌQ�XUPD�FR-ODERUăULL�PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUH�OL�VH�FRPXQLFă�SăULQрLORU�IDSWXO�Fă�HVWH�PDL�SRWULYLW�SHQWUX�XQ�OLFHX�WHRUHWLF�VDX�SURIHVLRQDO�VDX�WHKQLF��'RDPQH�IHUHоWH�GDFă�WX�L�DL�VSXV�Fă�DUH�DELOLWăрL�VSUH�]RQD�WHKQLFă�оL�HO�YUHD�OD�PHGLFLQă´��ÌQ�(XURSD�FLYLOL]DWă�OL�VH�IDFH�WUDLHFWXO�HGXFDрLRQDO�GLQ�FODVD�D���D��ÌQ�XUPD�FRODERUăULL�PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUH��OL�VH�VSXQH�SăULQрLORU�IDSWXO�Fă�HVWH�GH�WHRUHWLF�VDX�GH�SUR-IHVLRQDO�VDX�GH�WHKQLF��'RDPQH�IHUHоWH�GDFă�WX�L�DL�VSXV�Fă�DUH�DELOLWăрL�VSUH�]RQD�WHKQLFă�оL�HO�YUHD�OD�PHGLFLQă´�

Supra-aglomerarea agendei consilierului. $FHDVWă�SUREOHPă�VHPQDODWă�GH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L� VH� UHIHUă� DWkW� OD� VXSUDvQFăUFDUHD� FX� VDUFLQL�� FkW� �L܈ OD� QXPăUXO�PDUH�GH�FRSLL�GH�FDUH�WUHEXLH�Vă�VH�RFXSH�vQWU�XQ�WLPS�OLPLWDW��Ä«'H�¿HFDUH�GDWă��QRL�VXQWHP�DVDOWDрL��QX�QXPDL�GLQ�LQWHULRU��FkW�оL�GLQ�H[WHULRU��FX�WRW�IHOXO�GH�VROLFLWăUL��нL�DWXQFL��RULFkW�GH�PLQXQDW�DL�¿� WX�оL�RULFkWă�GLVSRQLELOLWDWH�DL�DYHD��QX�SRрL�Vă�WH�FORQH]L��оL�HX�SHUVRQDO�QLFL�QX�YUHDX��$GLFă�HX�FKLDU�YUHDX�Vă�WUăLHVF�VăQăWRV�оL�FKLDU�GDFă�vрL�SURSXL�Vă�WH�FORQH]L��DMXQJL�vQ�LPSDV��SLFL�PDL�GH�MRV�GH�XQGH�DL�SRUQLW��нL�DWXQFL��WUHEXLH�Vă�OH�vPSDFL�SH�WRDWH��Fă�QX�SRрL�Vă� WH�FDQDOL]H]L�SH�XQ�JUXS� рLQWă��SHQWUX�Fă�� vQWUH� WLPS��YLQ�DOWH�FODVH��SURYRFăUL´��(VWH�LQYRFDWă�GH�DVHPHQHD�LQWHUIHUHQ܊D�DFHVWHL�SUREOHPH�FX�R�DOWD�PHQ܊LRQDWă� GHMD�� IRFDOL]DUHD�H[FHVLYă� SH�DELOLWă܊LOH� FRJQLWLYH�� „…Totul SRUQHоWH�GH� OD�XQ�VLVWHP�vQ�FDUH�QRL��FRQVLOLHULL��DYHP�PLQLP�����GH�FRSLL�OD�SUHоFRODUL�оL�FkQG�H�YRUED�GH�OLFHX�PLQLP������нL�DWXQFL�VXQW�IRDUWH�PXOWH�FD]XUL�OD�FDUH�WUHEXLH�Vă�WH�vPSăUрL��нL�QX�PDL�UHXоHоWL�Vă�DORFL�DWHQрLH�SRDWH�DQXPLWRU�DVSHFWH�PXOW�PDL�LPSRUWDQWH��XQHL�WROHUDQрH�VFă]XWH�OD�IUXVWUDUH�D�XQXL�FRSLO�VDX�IDSWXOXL�Fă�XQ�LQGLYLG�HVWH�PDL�OHQW�vQ�UH]ROYDUHD�DQXPLWRU�VDU-FLQL��'DU�GD��HVWH�R�UHJXOă�FXPYD�Fă�DFHVWH�DELOLWăрL�FRJQLWLYH�VXQW�SXVH�SH�SULPXO�SODQ�оL�GH�FăWUH�HGXFDWRDUH´�

1X�vQWRWGHXQD�RSLQLD�SURIHVLRQDOă�D�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�FRUHOHD]ă�FX�GH]LUDELOLWDWHD�VRFLDOă�LQVWLWXрLRQDOă��$FHDVWă�SUREOHPă�VH�UHIHUă�OD�VLWXD܊LLOH�vQ�FDUH�FRQVL�OLHUXO�FRQVWDWă�GH¿FLHQ܊H�¿H�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�FX�FRSLLL��¿H�vQ�UHOD܊LRQDUHD�SăULQ܊LORU�FX�FRSLLL�� ,QWHUYHQ܊LD�vQ�DVHPHQHD�VLWXD܊LL�VDX�VLPSOD�FRPXQLFDUH�D�SUREOHPHL�SRDWH�JHQHUD�FRQÀLFWH܈�L�� vQ�XOWLPă� LQVWDQ܊ă��SRD�WH�DFFHQWXD�FHOHODOWH�SUREOHPH�PHQ܊LRQDWH�DQWHULRU��Ä«WUHEXLH�DYXW�JULMă�GH�IHOXO� vQ�FDUH�QL� VH�SUH]LQWă�SUREOHPD��DоD�FXP�VSXQHDP��©LDUăоL� YLQ�ăоWLD�GHоWHSрLL��LDU�QRL�VXQWHP�ăLD�SURоWL��LQFRPSHWHQрLª��GHFL�WUHEXLH�DYXW�PDUH�JUL-Mă�FXP�SXQHP�SUREOHPD�vQ�UHODрLH�FX�SURIHVRULL�оL�SăULQрLL��нL�HX�VXQW�SăULQWH�оL�QX�PL�DU�FRQYHQL�Vă�YLQă�XQ�FRQVLOLHU�Vă�vPL�VSXQă�Fă�QX�DP�IăFXW�QLPLF�ELQH�vQ�UHODрLD�FX�FRSLOXO�PHX´�

1HYRLD�SUHJăWLULL�SVLKRORJLFH�VXSOLPHQWDUH�SHQWUX�FHOHODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��0XO܊L�UHVSRQGHQ܊L�DX�GHFODUDW�Fă�UHOD܊LD�GH¿FLWDUă�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�FX�FR�SLLL�� SUHFXP܈�L� FDUDFWHUXO� GH¿FLWDU� DO� FRODERUăULL� GLQWUH� FDGUHOH� GLGDFWLFH� �L܈

Page 105: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

99

FRQVLOLHU�DU�SXWHD�¿�UH]ROYDWH��3HQWUX�DFHDVWD�HVWH�vQVă�QHYRLH�FD܈�L�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�Vă�EHQH¿FLH]H�GH�R�SUHJăWLUH�SVLKRORJLFă�VXSOLPHQWDUă��DVWIHO�vQ�FkW�Vă�vQ܊HOHDJă�PDL�ELQH�SUREOHPHOH�FRSLLORU�SHQWUX�D�L�RULHQWD�OD�PRPHQWXO�RSRUWXQ�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHU��FkW܈�L�Vă� vQ܊HOHDJă�PDL�ELQH�DWULEX܊LLOH�DFHVWXLD�GLQ�XUPă� vQ� LQVWLWX܊LD� ��FRODUă܈ ÄÌQ� FRPSOHWDUH� OD� FHHD� FH� D� VSXV� FROHJD�� HVWH�IRDUWH�FODU�Fă�DYHP�QHYRLH�GH�HGXFDрLH�GH�FDOLWDWH��нL�QX�GRDU�FRQVLOLHULL��FL�оL�SURIHVRULL��3HQWUX�Fă��GH�PXOWH�RUL��vQ�FDQFHODULH��GLVFXWăP�GHVSUH�XQ�FRSLO�VDX�DOWXO�оL�DWXQFL�vоL�GDX�VHDPD�Fă�HL�QX�оWLX�Vă�LGHQWL¿FH�XQ�FRSLO�FX�WXOEX-UăUL�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW��XQ�FRSLO�FDUH�SRDWH�GRDU�DUH�XQ�PRPHQW��R�VWDUH��XQ�FRSLO�FDUH�VWă�VXE�WUDWDPHQW��XQ�FRSLO�FDUH�D�IăFXW�GHSUHVLH��GH�H[HPSOX��оL��VXE�LQÀXHQрD�WUDWDPHQWXOXL��DUH�VFKLPEăUL�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW��LDU�XQLL�оWLX��GDU�DOрLL�QX�оWLX��нL�DWXQFL��VH�FRPSRUWă�vQ�IXQFрLH�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW��'H�PXOWH�RUL�vO�FRQVLGHUă�FD�¿LQG�REUD]QLF�VDX�QHUHVSHFWXRV´��'HVLJXU��VXE�DFHVW�DVSHFW��H[LVWă܈�L�PRGHOH�GH�VXFFHV�vQ�H[SHULHQ܊D�DQXPLWRU�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L��Ä3ăUHUHD�PHD�HVWH�Fă�VXQW�PXOрL�GLQWUH�HL��SURIHVRUL��FDUH�FKLDU�VHVL]HD]ă�FRUHFW�QHYRLOH�FR-SLLORU��3UDFWLF�HX�VXQW�OD�R�оFRDOă�PDUH�±�SHVWH�R�PLH�GH�HOHYL�±�оL�UHXоHVF�Vă�DMXW�FkW�PDL�PXOрL�FRSLL�IăFkQG�HFKLSă�FX�FROHJLL�SURIHVRUL�оL�DVWIHO��vPSUHXQă��IDFHP�WUHDEă�EXQă��ÌPSUHXQă�FX�SURIHVRULL�DMXWăP�PDL�PXOW��6XQW�VLWXDрLL�vQ�FDUH�SURIHVRULL�PHGLD]ă�оL�vQGHDPQă�SăULQрLL�Vă�YLQă�OD�оHGLQрH�GH�FRQVLOLHUH��DFXPD�QX�GH�¿HFDUH�GDWă��GDU�vQ�FHOH�PDL�PXOWH�FD]XUL�VHVL]HD]ă�QHYRLOH�FR-piilor”.�6DX�vQ�UHODWDUHD�DOWXL�SDUWLFLSDQW��Ä���GH�PXOWH�RUL�DVLVW�оL�OD�DFWLYLWăрLOH�HGXFDWRDUHL��DGLFă�vQFHUFăP�vPSUHXQă�Vă�YHGHP�FXP�VH�GHVFXUFă�VDX�FKLDU�HD�vPL�FRPXQLFă�IDSWXO�Fă�L�VH�SDUH�Fă�FHYD�QX�HVWH�vQ�UHJXOă��VDX�VH�vPEUDFă�JUHоLW�VDX�VH�vQFăOрă�JUHоLW��'HFL��GDFă�HX�FRQVWDW�FHYD��vL�VHPQDOH]�FDGUXOXL�GLGDFWLF�VDX�SăULQWHOXL�VăX�GDFă�HL�FRQVWDWă�оL�DX�QHYRLH�GH�XQ�IHHGEDFN��PDL�SUHFLV��vQFHUFăP�Vă�JăVLP�R�VROXрLH�vPSUHXQă´�

c. Caracteristicile copilului/copiilor sau

DGROHVFHQWXOXL�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU1XPăUXO�PDUH�GH�FRSLL�FDUH�WUHEXLH�LPSOLFDрL�vQ�DFWLYLWăрL��ÌQ�PDUHD�PDMRULWDWH�D� FD]XULORU� V�D�PHQ܊LRQDW�SUHVLXQHD�SH�FDUH�R�H[HUFLWă�DVXSUD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�QXPăUXO�PDUH�GH�FRSLL�FDUH�DX�QHYRLH�GH�FRQVLOLHUH��ÄProfesorul GLULJLQWH�GH�OD�FODVă��vQ�PRPHQWXO�vQ�FDUH�DSHOHD]ă�OD�WLQH�FD�VSHFLDOLVW��GH�UHJXOă��DUH�DоWHSWăUL� IRDUWH�PDUL� оL� VH� UHWUDJH�XQ�SLF� FKLDU� ¿]LF�� QX�QXPDL�HPRрLRQDO��SHQWUX�Fă�WH�D�FKHPDW�GHMD�GH����RUL�оL�WX�PDL�DL�vQFă�����GH�HOHYL��3HQWUX�Fă�DVWD�FUHG��%ăQXLHVF�Fă�VXQW�vQ�DVHQWLPHQWXO�WXWXURU��(VWH�SULQFL-SDOXO�PLQXV�FX�FDUH�QH�FRQIUXQWăP�QRL��$оD�vO�YăG�HX«�$VWD�HVWH�SULQFLSDOD�QRDVWUă�SUREOHPă��FXP�Vă�IDFL�FRQVLOLHUH�FX�DGHYăUDW��Vă�IDFL�SURJUDPH�FRH-UHQWH��FkQG�WX�HоWL�VLQJXUXO�VSHFLDOLVW�vQWU�R�XQLWDWH�XULDоă´�

6LWXDрLD�FRSLLORU�FX�SUREOHPH�FOLQLFH��ÌQ�FD]XO�DFHVWHL�FDWHJRULL��FRQVLOLHULL�DFX�]ă�DEVHQ܊D�XQRU�SURIHVRUL�GH�VSULMLQ��Ä«R�GL¿FXOWDWH��Dо�VSXQH�HX��vQ�YL]LXQHD�FRSLLORU�FDUH�DX�SUREOHPH�FOLQLFH�±�SHQWUX�Fă�VXQW�оL�DVWIHO�GH�FRSLL�vQ�JUXSH�±��

Page 106: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

HVWH�OLSVD�XQXL�SURIHVRU�GH�VSULMLQ�FDUH�SRDWH�Vă�vL�DVLVWH��Vă�vL�JKLGH]H��Vă�vL�DMXWH�оL��GH�DFHHD��LDUăоL�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD�SRDWH�UHYLQH�DVXSUD�QRDVWUă��SHQ-WUX�Fă�VXQăP�FRQVLOLHUXO�Vă�YLQă�UHSHGH��Fă�QX�Pă�PDL�GHVFXUF´�

&RQWH[WXO�IDPLOLDO��SăULQWH�WXWRUH�

ÌQ�PDMRULWDWHD�FD]XULORU��SDUWLFLSDQ܊LL�DX�HYLGHQ܊LDW�QHFHVLWDWHD�FRODERUăULL�FX�SăULQ܊LL�FRSLLORU��QHFHVLWDWHD�HGXFD܊LHL�SDUHQWDOH��„…ar trebui un accent mai PDUH�SXV�SH�UHODрLRQDUHD�FX�SăULQWHOH��SHQWUX�Fă�PXOWH�SUREOHPH�VH�GH]YROWă�vQ�FRQWH[W��$U�¿�QHFHVDU�XQ�SURJUDP�FDUH�Vă�LQWHJUH]H�FXPYD�HGXFDрLD�SD-UHQWDOă�оL�DFWLYLWăрL�SăULQWH�FRSLO´�

2�SUREOHPă�LGHQWL¿FDWă�DLFL�D�IRVW�FHD�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�FX�DSDU܊LQăWRULL�FRSLLORU��vQ�VSHFLDO�FkQG�H�YRUED�GHVSUH�EXQLFL��Ä$P�JăVLW�IRDUWH�JUHX�DFHOH�PRGDOLWăрL�FDUH�Vă�¿H�H[SOLFLWDWH�XQXL�EXQLF��'H�H[HPSOX��HX�OXFUH]�vQWU�XQ�FDUWLHU�FDUH�DUH�IRDUWH�PXOWH�SHUVRDQH�SOHFDWH�vQ�VWUăLQăWDWH��FRSLLL�¿LQG�vQ�JULMD�EXQLFLORU��(VWH�IRDUWH�JUHX�Vă�vQYHрL�XQ�EXQLF�FXP�DU�WUHEXL�Vă�WUDWH]H�XQ�FRSLO��GHRDUH-FH�DX�QLоWH�SUHFRQFHSрLL��HX�FRQVLGHU�Fă�HGXFDрLD�SDUHQWDOă�HVWH�IRDUWH�XWLOă�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�ORU�VRFLR�HPRрLRQDOă´�

ÌQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W��R�EXQă�SUDFWLFă�HYLGHQ܊LDWă�GH�FăWUH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L�D�IRVW�FUH�DUHD�XQXL�FDGUX�LQIRUPDO�vQ�UHOD܊LD�FX�SăULQ܊LL�DSDU܊LQăWRULL��Ä(X��GH�H[HPSOX��PLHUFXUHD��FD�Vă�QX�¿H�GHORF�VSHFL¿F��vL�FKHP�OD�R�FHDоFă�GH�FHDL��(X�IDF�FHDLXO��HX�GXF�ELVFXLрLL��оL�GLVFXWăP�FH�DQXPH�vL�GHUDQMHD]ă�SH�HL´��2�FRQGL܊LH�D�VXFFHVXOXL�DLFL��LGHQWL¿FDWă�GH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L�D�IRVW�FDOLEUDUHD�HIRUWXULORU�FRQ�VLOLHUXOXL�FX�FHOH�DOH�SăULQ܊LORU܈�L�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��PHQ܊LRQkQGX�VH�QHYRLD�XQHL�FRQYHUJHQ܊H�vQWUH�HIRUWXULOH�FHORU�WUHL�FDWHJRULL��Ä&H�DP�REVHUYDW�HVWH�Fă�DLFL�DYHP�QHYRLH�GH�VXSRUW�GLQ�SDUWHD�SăULQрLORU�IRDUWH�PDUH��'XSă�XQ�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDP��FRSLLL��WHRUHWLF��UHрLQ�WRDWH�OXFUXULOH�IRDUWH�ELQH��GDU�HVWH�QHYRLH�оL�GH�DFHD�PRGHODUH�оL�GLQ�SDUWHD�SăULQрLORU�оL�D�HGXFDWRULORU�DWXQFL�FkQG�VH�FRQIUXQWă�FX�R�VLWXDрLH�DQXPH��3HQWUX�Fă�DWXQFL�FkQG�OXFUH]L�FD�оL�FRQVLOLHU��QX�SRрL�Vă�¿L�FX�¿HFDUH�FRSLO� vQ�PRPHQWXO� vQ�FDUH� UHWUăLHоWH�R�HPRрLH�VăX�DSDUH�XQ�FRPSRUWDPHQW�DJUHVLY��FD�Vă�vO�DMXрL�оL�Vă�vO�PRGHOH]L�FXP�DU�WUHEXL�Vă�IDFă�VDX�Vă�JHVWLRQH]H�VLWXDрLD�UHVSHFWLYă´��8QLL�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L�DX�LGHQWL¿FDW��LL��Ä$P�Yă]XW��FXPYD��R܊L�UHYHUVXO�QHJDWLY�DO�DFHVWHL�VLWXD܈ OLSVă�GLQ�SDUWHD�SăULQрLORU��$GLFă�QX�LGHQWL¿Fă�VDX�QX�DFRUGă�DWHQрLH�HPRрLLORU�QHJDWLYH��/H�SXQ�VXE�SUHо�оL�QX�VH�RFXSă�GH�HOH´�

$FFHQWXDUHD�DVSHFWHORU�SR]LWLYH�vQ�FRPXQLFDUHD�VLWXDрLHL�FRSLOXOXL�FăWUH�Să-rinte.� &RQVLOLHULL� DX� LGHQWL¿FDW� DFHVW� HOHPHQW� GH� VXFFHV� FH� FDUDFWHUL]HD]ă�LQWHUDF܊LXQHD�FX�SăULQWHOH��2�DVHPHQHD�DWLWXGLQH�HVWH�GH�QDWXUă�Vă�LPSOLFH�PDL�PXOW�SăULQWHOH��Vă�O�IDFă�XQ�REVHUYDWRU�PDL�DWHQW�DO�FRSLOXOXL܈�L��SUDFWLF��

Page 107: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

Vă�IRUPH]H�DOăWXUL�GH�FRQVLOLHU�R�HFKLSă�H¿FLHQWă��Ä3ăULQрLORU�OH�VSXQ�Fă�DP�OXFUDW� vQ�DFWLYLWDWH�GH�JUXS��DP�FRODERUDW� FX�FRSLL� VDX��GDFă�H[LVWă�SăULQрL�FDUH�YRU�R�SHUVSHFWLYă�D�PHD�UDSRUWDWă�OD�FRSLO��vL�SURSXQ�YDULDQWD�GH�D�O�RE-VHUYD�HX�SH�FRSLO��&XP�VH�FRPSRUWă�FX�DOрL�FRSLL��vQ�JUXS��vQ�SDUWLFXODU«�ÌQ�IXQFрLH�GH�GL¿FXOWăрLOH�SH�FDUH�OH�DUH�FRSLOXO��GDFă�YăG�Fă�HVWH�PDL�LQWURYHUWLW�VDX�PDL�UHWUDV��vL�GHVFULX�SăULQWHOXL�H[DFW�FHHD�FH�REVHUY��vQWU�R�YDULDQWă�GH�VXJHVWLRQDUH�оL�PDL�SR]LWLYă��$GLFă�vL�DFFHQWXH]�FHHD�FH�IXQFрLRQHD]ă�ELQH��оL�FăXWăP�VROXрLL�Vă�YHGHP�FXP�Vă�IDFHP�Vă�ULGLFăP�оL�FHOHODOWH�FRPSHWHQрH�la alt nivel.”

,PSOLFDUHD�SăULQрLORU�Fă�SDUWH�DFWLYă�vQ�FRQVLOLHUH��7R܊L�SDUWLFLSDQ܊LL�DX�IRVW�GH�DFRUG�Fă�LPSOLFDUHD�SăULQ܊LORU�HVWH�HVHQ܊LDOă��Ä$P�оL�YUXW�Vă�]LF�OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW�Vă�QH�GHSODVăP�PDL�PXOW�VSUH�SăULQрL��0DL�DOHV�OD�JLPQD]LX��SHQWUX�Fă��SkQă� OD� XUPă�� FRSLOXO� GH]YROWă� DWDоDPHQW�� 'DFă� SăULQWHOH� QX� vоL� VFKLPEă�UHODрLD�FX�FRSLOXO��оL�GLVFXUVXO�оL�PHVDMXO��QX�YRL�IDFH�QLPLF�FX�DQ[LHWDWHD�GH�SHUIRUPDQрă��RULFH�Dо�IDFH��$WXQFL�FUHG�Fă�WUHEXLH�Vă�QH�GHSODVăP�PDL�PXOW�VSUH�SăULQрL´��6DX� vQ� UHODWDUHD�DOWXL�SDUWLFLSDQW�� Ä6XQW�GH�SăUHUH�Fă� WUHEXLH�LPSOLFDрL�SăULQрLL�vQ�FRQVLOLHUH�оL�DFHDVWD�HVWH�GLUHFрLD�vQ�FDUH�DP�vQFHSXW�Vă�PHUJ�vQ�XOWLPD�YUHPH��$FHDVWD�оL�SH�ED]D�IDSWXOXL�Fă�IDF�WHUDSLH�VLVWHPLFă�оL�DP�SUHOXDW�GH�DFROR�SUDFWLFL�FDUH�SRW�Vă�VSXQ�Fă�PL�DX�H¿FLHQWL]DW�IRDUWH�PXOW�DFWLYLWDWHD�оL�GLQWUH�LGHLOH�SUH]HQWDWH�DQWHULRU��PL�VH�SDUH�IRDUWH�XWLOă�DFHHD�GH�D�FUHD�XQ�PHGLX�DFWLYDWRU�GH�UHVXUVH��DWkW�vQ�FDELQHW�FkW�оL�vQ�DIDUD�OXL´��8Q�H[HPSOX�FRQFUHW�O�D�RIHULW�XUPăWRUXO�SDUWLFLSDQW��ÄÌQWU�DGHYăU��QX�HVWH�VX¿FLHQW�Vă�OXFUăP�GRDU�FX�FRSLOXO�FL��WUHEXLH�LPSOLFDWă�оL�IDPLOLD��нL�QX�GRDU�LPSOLFDWă��3ăUHUHD�PHD�HVWH�Fă��IRDUWH�PXOW��FRQWHD]ă�Vă�DYHP�R�DWLWXGLQH�FRODERUDWLYă�IDрă�GH�IDPLOLH�оL�Vă�QX�PHUJHP�FX�©HX�оWLX�FHO�PDL�ELQH��IDFHрL�DVWDª´��

1HYRLD�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�D�SăULQрLORU��0XO܊L�FRQVLOLHUL�D¿UPă�Fă��vQ�PXQFD�ORU��DGH�YăUDWD�SURYRFDUH�R� UHSUH]LQWă�SăULQ܊LL�� Ä'DFă� WRW� OXFUăP�FX�DFHоWL� FRSLL�GH�YkUVWă�SUHоFRODUă��WDUH�ELQH�DU�¿�GDFă�DP�SXWHD�OXFUD�оL�FX�SăULQрLL�DFHVWR-UD«�'HFL��SăULQрLL�DX�QHYRLH�оL�HL�GH�VSULMLQ��GDU�Vă�оWLрL�Fă�XQLL�GLQWUH�HL��GXSă�SăUHUHD�PHD��RFROHVF�VXELHFWXO�ăVWD´��$FHHD܈L�RSLQLH�HVWH�LOXVWUDWă܈�L�GH�DOW�SDUWLFLSDQW�OD�IRFXV�JURXS��Ä'H�HGXFDрLH�DX�QHYRLH�оL�SăULQрLL��&X�SăULQрLL�FX�FDUH�OXFUăP��GH�IRDUWH�PXOWH�RUL�HL�QLFL�QX�vQрHOHJ�FH�YUHP�Vă�OH�VSXQHP��'HFL�DP�DYXW�SăULQрL�vQ�FDELQHW�vQFHUFkQG�Vă�OH�VSXQ�FkWHYD�OXFUXUL�VLPSOH��1X�DX�vQрHOHV��GH�IDSW��GHVSUH�FH�HVWH�YRUED�оL�V�DX�GXV�DFDVă�оL�DX�FHUWDW�FRSLOXO�SHQWUX�Fă�©DDD��WX�WH�DL�GXV�OD�оFRDOă�оL�DL�VSXV«�FH�WH�DL�DSXFDW�WX�Vă�VSXL�DFROR"ª��'HFL�DYHP�QHYRLH�GH�HGXFDрLH�SHQWUX�SăULQрL�оL�DYHP�QHYRLH�GH�R��QX�оWLX��FHO�SXрLQ�DоD�DP�VLPрLW�HX�� �Fă�YRUEHDP�HX«�Fă�DP�DYXW�оL�QRL�R�оHGLQрă�vQDLQWH�GH�DVWD��H�QHYRLH�GH�R«�QX�оWLX�FXP�Vă�Pă�H[SULP«�QX�PL�YLQH�FXYkQWXO�DFXP«�GH�R�FRHUHQрă��GH�IDSW�´

Page 108: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

$FWLYLWă܊L���3DUWLFXODULWă܊L�DGUHVDWH�JUXSXULORU�YXOQHUDELOH��FRSLL�DGROHVFHQ܊L�YXOQHUDELOL��GLIHUHQ܊H�GH�JHQ�ÌQ�DFHDVWă� VHF܊LXQH�DP� LGHQWL¿FDW�R� VHULH�GH�PRGHOH�GH�VXFFHVV�SH�FDUH�OH�DP�JUXSDW�vQ�FkWHYD�FDWHJRULL�SUH]HQWDWH�vQ�FHOH�FH�XUPHD]ă�

,QWHJUDUHD� FRSLLORU� FX� WXOEXUăUL� GLQ� VSHFWUXO� DXWLVW��8Q�PRGHO� GH� VXFFHV� vQ�DFHVW�VHQV�HVWH�SUH]HQWDW�GH�FăWUH�XUPăWRUXO�SDUWLFLSDQW��„Avem copii cu au-WLVP�FDUH�DX�vQVRрLWRU�оL�VXQW�IRDUWH�ELQH�LQWHJUDрL��(GXFDWRDUHOH�V�DX�RFXSDW�IRDUWH�ELQH�оL�DX�оWLXW�FXP�Vă�OH�H[SOLFH�FRSLLORU�FDUH�HVWH�SUREOHPD��$X�JULMă�GH�HL��ÌQWUH�HL�VH�PDL�FHDUWă��FKLDU�VH�SOHVQHVF��'DU�FX�DFHO�FRSLO�VH�SRDUWă�IRDUWH�IRDUWH�IUXPRV��DX�JULMă�GH�HO´�

6LWXDрLD�FRSLLORU�FX�SăULQрLL�SOHFDрL�OD�PXQFă�vQ�VWUăLQăWDWH��8Q�PRGHO�GH�EXQă�SUDFWLFă�HVWH�RIHULW�GH�FăWUH�XUPăWRUXO�FRQVLOLHU��Ä«OD�QRL�VXQW�FRSLL�FDUH�YLQ���OXQL�OD�JUăGLQLрă��GXSă�FDUH���OXQL�VXQW�SOHFDрL�vQ�6SDQLD�VDX�PDL�оWLX�HX�XQGH��$P�REVHUYDW�Fă��GH�UHJXOă��GDFă�PHUJ�vQ�DOWă�рDUă��DFROR�DX�DOW�VWLO�SHGDJRJLF�оL�VXQW�PXOW�PDL�OLEHUL��IăUă�SUHD�PXOWH�UHJXOL��LDU�FkQG�YLQ�DLFL�HGXFDWRDUHOH�VXQW�FRSOHоLWH�GH�DFHL�FRSLL��SHQWUX�Fă�QX�OH�SRW�JHVWLRQD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXO��&RSLLL�QX�DX�DFHDVWă�GHSULQGHUH�GH�D�VWD�SH�VFăXQHO��SH�FDUH�IRDUWH�PXOWH�GRUHVF�Vă�R�GH]YROWH�vQ�SULPD�VăSWăPkQă��FHHD�FH�HVWH�MXVWL¿FDW�оL�FKLDU�GH�vQрHOHV�оL�QX�Dо�SXWHD�Vă�]LF�Fă�JUHоHVF�vQ�LGHHD�vQ�FDUH�HOH�DX�UHVSRQVDELOL-WDWHD�FD�GXSă�FH�LHV�FRSLLL�GH�OD�JUăGLQLрă��SH�OD��±��DQL��Vă�VWHD����PLQXWH�SH�VFDXQ�FX�R�SDX]ă��GXSă�FDUH�LDU�Vă�VWHD����GH�PLQXWH�SH�VFDXQ��ÄÌQ�UDSRUW�FX�DFHоWL�FRSLL�HX�DP�vQFHSXW�Vă�OH�GH]YROW�HGXFDWRDUHORU�WROHUDQрă�OD�IUXVWUDUH��$GLFă�Vă�OH�VFKLPE�DWLWXGLQHD�ORU�IDрă�GH�DVHPHQHD�FRSLO��SHQWUX�Fă�DFHO�FRSLO�HVWH�FODU�GHMD�GH]RULHQWDW��SHQWUX�HO�HVWH�XQ�HIRUW�IRDUWH�PDUH�GH�D�VH�WRW�GH-SODVD�GLQWU�R�рDUă�vQ�DOWD�оL�DWXQFL�SXU�оL�VLPSOX�vQFHS�Vă�OXFUH]�DVXSUD�DWLWXGL-QLL�HGXFDWRDUHORU��FXQRVFkQG��IDSWXO�Fă�SH�PXOWH�GLQWUH�HOH�OH�VWUHVHD]ă�DVWIHO�GH�VLWXDрLL´��8Q�DOW�H[HPSOX�vQ�DFHHD܈L�GLUHF܊LH�HVWH�RIHULW�GH�FăWUH�XUPăWRUXO�SDUWLFLSDQW��´&RSLLL�DL�FăURU�SăULQрL�VXQW�SOHFDрL�GLQ�рDUă����SULQFLSDOD�ORU�YXOQH-UDELOLWDWH�HVWH� UHODрLRQDWă�FX�SUREOHPD�DVLJXUăULL�XQXL�FOLPDW�GH�FDOLWDWH�� vQ�FDUH�HO�HD�Vă�VH�VLPWă�LPSRUWDQW��YDORUL]DW��HL�UHVLPW�QHYRLD�GH�LQWHUDFрLXQH����PDL�DOHV�FX�SHUVRDQHOH�IDрă�GH�FDUH�GH]YROWă�DWDоDPHQW��'DFă�DFHVWHD�OLS-VHVF��vQWU�R�IRUPă�VDX�DOWD��DGLFă�SRрL�Vă�¿L�¿]LF�SUH]HQW��GDU�Vă�QX�¿L�DOăWXUL�GH�FRSLOXO�WăX��FHHD�FH�HVWH�GUDPDWLF�SHQWUX�DFHL�FRSLL���HL�YRU�vQFHUFD�Vă�VH�FRQHFWH]H�HPRрLRQDO�FX�FDGUXO�GLGDFWLF��GDU��OD�XQ�PRPHQW�GDW��DFHVWD�HVWH�FRSOHоLW�GH�QXPăUXO�PDUH�GH�FRSLL�FDUH�vL�FHU�DFHVW�OXFUX��SHQWUX�Fă�XQLL�VH�DJDрă�REVHVLY�VDX�YRU�DLD��DLD��DLD�WRW�WLPSXO��3ULYLWRU�OD�QHYRLD�DFHHD�GH�FR-QHFWDUH��DP�VFKLPEDW�SXрLQ�DERUGDUHD��OXFUkQG�FHYD�PDL�LQVLVWHQW�FX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��SHQWUX�Fă�HOH�FRQVLGHUDX�Fă�DWXQFL�FkQG�OL�VH�FHUH�DWHQрLH��FRSLOXO�DFHOD�YD�IDFH�VLJXU�R�Qă]EkWLH��ÌQ�IDSW��FHUkQG�Vă�VH�FRQHFWH]H�HPRрLRQDO�FX�WLQH�SULQWU�XQ�FRPSRUWDPHQW�LQGH]LUDELO��FRSLOXO�DWUDJH�DWHQрLD�DVXSUD�IDSWXOXL�

Page 109: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

Fă�D�vQFHUFDW�GHMD�YDULDQWHOH�EXQH��GDU�QX�L�V�D�DFRUGDW�DWHQрLD�QHFHVDUă�оL��FD�DWDUH��DX�QHYRLH�GH�R�VFKLPEDUH�D�SHUVSHFWLYHL�SHQWUX�D�DWUDJH�DWHQрLD��(L�ELQH��DWXQFL�H�UHFRPDQGDW�Vă�vO�LHL�vQ�EUDрH��Vă�vO�PkQJkL�VDX�Vă�VWDL�OkQJă�HO�оL�Vă�L�DUDрL�Fă�vрL�SDVă�GH�HO��&X�VFKLPEDUHD�DFHDVWD�D�SHUVSHFWLYHL�Vă�оWLрL�Fă�lucrurile merg mult mai bine”.

Cazul copiilor cu probleme clinice��1HYRLD�GXEOăULL�HIRUWXOXL�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�GH�VSULMLQ�VSHFLDOL]DW�vQ�DIDUD܈�FROLL܈�L�GH�HIRUW�GLQ�SDUWHD�SăULQ܊LORU��8Q�H[HPSOX�GH�EXQă�SUDFWLFă�vQ�DFHVW�VHQV�HVWH�RIHULW�GH�FăWUH�XUPăWRUXO�SDUWLFLSDQW��„Se YHGH�FODU�FRSLOXO�FDUH�OXFUHD]ă�DFDVă��SăULQрL�оL�XQ�WHUDSHXW��DGLFă�FHO�SHQWUX�FDUH�HVWH�SXV�XQ�GLDJQRVWLF�FRUHFW�оL�EHQH¿FLD]ă�оL�GH�LQWHUYHQрLL��7X��FD�оL�FRQVLOLHU�vQ�JUăGLQLрă��QX�SRрL�Vă�DFRU]L�SUHD�PXOWă�DWHQрLH�¿HFăUXL�FRSLO��'H�H[HPSOX��vQWU�R�JUăGLQLрă�DSURDSH�vQ�¿HFDUH�JUXSă�DL�FkWH�XQ�FRSLO�GH�JHQXO�DFHVWD��6ă�LQWUL�OD�JUXSă��Vă�VWDL�FX�HO�VHSDUDW�оL�Vă�UH]ROYL�SUREOHPD�GH¿QLWLY�HVWH�IRDUWH�FRPSOLFDW��'DFă�H[LVWă�HFKLSă��H[LVWă�XQ�WHUDSHXW�DFDVă��SăULQрLL�VXQW�FRQоWLHQрL��HVWH�FLQHYD�FDUH�OXFUHD]ă�FX�HO��HVWH�XQ�GLDJQRVWLF��QX�QHD-SăUDW�Fă�vO�DGXFL�OD�FDELQHW��,GHHD�HVWH�FD�FLQHYD�Vă�VH�RFXSH�GH�HO�vQ�WLPSXO�DFHOD��6H�YHGH�FODU�OD�FRSLLL�FX�FDUH�VH�OXFUHD]ă�vQ�PRGXO�DFHVWD��1X�оWLX�FDUH�GLQWUH�QRL�DUH�UH]XOWDWH�GHRVHELWH�FX�WRрL�FRSLLL�FDUH�SUH]LQWă�SUREOHPHOH�DFHV-WHD�OLPLWkQGX�VH�GRDU�vQ�RUHOH�GH�FDELQHW�SH�FDUH�QRL�OH�DYHP��'HFL�DL�QHYRLH�GH�FLQHYD�FDUH�Vă�WH�VXVрLQă��)ăUă�VXVрLQHUH�GH�DFDVă��GLQ�SXQFWXO�PHX�GH�YHGHUH��XQHOH�OXFUXUL�IXQFрLRQHD]ă�IRDUWH�JUHX��7UHEXLH�Vă�YRUEHоWL�FX�SăULQ-WHOH��FX�HGXFDWRUXO��FX�FRSLOXO��VHSDUDW�оL�DSRL�OD�JUXSă��FHHD�FH�vQVHDPQă��GLQWU�R�GDWă��Fă�DL�WHUPLQDW�R�]L�GH�JUăGLQLĠă´�

2�UH܊HWă�GH�VXFFHV�±�LPSOLFDUHD�XQRU�WHU܊H�LQVWLWX܊LL�RUJDQL]D܊LL��2�UH܊HWă�GH�VXFFHV�vQ�DFHVW�VHQV�R�UHFRPDQGă�XUPăWRUXO�SDUWLFLSDQW��Ä«$MXWă�оL�IXQGDрLLOH���'H�H[HPSOX��HX�DP�DMXWRU�GHVWXO�GH�PDUH�GLQ�SDUWHD�XQRU�RUJDQL]DрLL� VDX�IXQGDрLL� FDUH� VH� RFXSă� GH� SUREOHPH� FX� YXOQHUDELOLWăрL��$X� FkWH� XQ� SULHWHQ�PDL�PDUH�FDUH� vL�PDL�VFRDWH�� OH�DFRUGă�VXSRUW�HPRрLRQDO��GLIHULWH�DFWLYLWăрL��'H�H[HPSOX��XQ�FRSLO�GH�FDUH�QX�VH�RFXSD�QLPHQL�DFDVă��HUD�IRDUWH�VLQJXU��$YHD�XQ�SDSDJDO�FDUH�HUD�VLQJXUXO�OXL�SULHWHQ��'DU�LGHHD�H�Fă�DWXQFL�FkQG�D�EHQH¿FLDW�GH�XQ�SULHWHQ�PDL�PDUH��D�vQFHSXW�Vă�vоL�GH]YROWH�PXOWH�DELOLWăрL��0ă�JkQGHVF�Fă�DU�¿�IRDUWH�ELQH�R�UHFRQHFWDUH�D�оFROLL�FX�WRDWă�UHрHDXD�UHVSHFWLYă�SHQWUX�Fă�HX�DLFL�VLPW�OLSVD��9D�WUHEXL�FD�QRL�VH�GHSXQHP�PXQFD�DFHDVWD�GH�D�FăXWD�DFHOH�21*�XUL��RUJDQL]DрLL�FDUH�SRW�Vă�RIHUH�VXSRUW�´�

7UDWDUHD�FRSLLORU� FX�SUREOHPH� vQ�FROHFWLY�� IăUă�D�L� L]ROD��8Q�PRGHO�GH�VXF�FHV�HVWH�GHVFULV�GH�FăWUH�XUPăWRUXO�SDUWLFLSDQW�� ÄнL�PRGDOLWDWHD�GH�D� OXFUD�LQGLYLGXDO�VDX�OD�JUXSă��SHUVRQDO�LDX�FRSLLL�LQGLYLGXDO�FD�Vă�IRUPH]�R�UHODрLH�PDL�DSURSLDWă�FX�HL��'DU�vQ�FD]XO�FRSLLORU�FDUH��Vă�]LF��DX�DQXPLWH�SUREOHPH�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH�PDL�DFFHQWXDWH��HX�QX�YăG�Vă�¿H�GH�IRORV�GRDU�PXQFD�PHD�vQ�FDELQHW�оL�PDL�GHJUDEă�Vă�vO�GXF�vQ�FROHFWLYLWDWH��vQ�JUXSD�OXL�оL�DWXQFL�Vă�vO�

Page 110: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

DMXW�DFROR�оL�Vă�vO�PRGHOH]�DFROR��SHQWUX�Fă�DOWIHO�HO�PHUJH�vQDSRL�vQ�JUXSă�оL�FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�OXL�VXQW�DFHOHDоL´�

$QDOL]D�LQWHJUDWă�D�GDWHORU�RE܊LQXWH

'LQ� DQDOL]D� LQIRUPD܊LLORU� RE܊LQXWH� vQ� XUPD� VWXGLXOXL� UHDOL]DW� FX� FRQVLOLHULL�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L� OD� IRFXV�JUXSXUL�� FRURERUDWă�FX�DQDOL]D܈�L� LQWHUSUHWDUHD�GDWHORU�H[WUDVH�FX�DMXWRUXO�FKHVWLRQDUHORU��DX�UHLH܈LW�XUPăWRDUHOH�

�� 3ULQFLSDOHOH� WHPH� DERUGDWH� vQ� FDGUXO� DFWLYLWă܊LORU� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� YL]HD]ă� DELOLWă܊L� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH��$FHVWHD�VXQW�VWUkQV�FRUHODWH�FX�SURYRFăULOH�PDMRUH�LGHQWL¿FDWH�vQ�PH�GLXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO��$VWIHO��DFWLYLWă܊LOH܈�L�SULQFLSDOHOH�WHPH�YL]HD]ă��PDQD�JHPHQWXO� HPR܊LLORU� �L܈ DO� VLWXD܊LLORU� SUREOHPDWLFH�� DFFHSWDUHD� GH� VLQH��FRPXQLFDUHD܈�L�UHOD܊LLOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��DXWRH¿FDFLWDWHD��PRWLYD܊LD��'H�UH܊LQXW�Fă�DFHVWHD�VXQW�FHOH�FRQVLGHUDWH�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�FD�¿LQG�GH�SULPă�LPSRUWDQ܊ă��

�� 3ULQWUH�UHFRPDQGăULOH�FHOH�PDL�IUHFYHQWH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�WHPDWLFD�SH�FDUH�HVWH�QHFHVDU��FX�SULRULWDWH��Vă�R� LQFOXGă�SURJUDPHOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�VH�QXPăUă��GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH��LL�GH܊LRQDOH��GH]YROWDUHD�DXWRFRQWUROXOXL��GH]YROWDUHD�FDSDFLWă܊L�HPR܈DXWRFXQRD܈WHUH��GH]YROWDUHD�DVHUWLYLWă܊LL��FUH܈WHUHD�PRWLYD܊LHL��GH]YRO�WDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�vQYă܊DUH�

�� &X� WRDWH� Fă� SUREOHPDWLFD� DELOLWă܊LORU� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH� SULPHD]ă� vQ�DERUGDUHD�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��DFH܈WLD�QX�GLVSXQ�GH�VFRSXUL܈�L�RELHF�WLYH�FODUH�vQ�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��5DWD�GH�UăVSXQV�OD�vQWUHEăULOH�GLQ�FKHVWLRQDU܈�L�OD�IRFXV�JUXS�FX�SULYLUH�OD�RELHFWLYH܈�L�FRPSHWHQ܊H�FH�VH�GRUHVF�GH]YROWDWH�D� IRVW� FHD�PDL� VFă]XWă��&X� WRDWH�DFHVWHD��DP�LQIHUDW�GLQ�GHVFULHUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�FDUH�DX�IRVW�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�PDMRUH�SH�FDUH�V�DX�FHQWUDW�DFHVWHD�

�� ÌQ� JHQHUDO�� DFWLYLWă܊LOH� LPSOHPHQWDWH� GH� FăWUH� FRQVLOLHULL� �FRODUL܈ VXQW�FRQVLGHUDWH�GH�FăWUH�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�FD�¿LQG� LQVX¿FLHQWH܈�L� LQFRP�SOHWH�vQ�UDSRUW�FX�QHYRLOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DOH�HOHYLORU��'LQ�OLSVD�UHVXUVHORU�GH�WLPS��FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�DX�UDSRUWDW�Fă�VH�FRQFHQWUHD]ă�DVXSUD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU� LQGLYLGXDOH�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�FD]XULOH�SUREOHPDWLFH܈�L�PDL�SX܊LQ�DVXSUD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�JUXS�FH�DX�FD�VFRS�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

Page 111: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

�� 0DMRULWDWHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU܈�L�SURJUDPHORU�LPSOHPHQWDWH�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHULL��WLD��IăUă܈L�LPSOHPHQWDWH�GH�FăWUH�DFH܈�FRODUL�VXQW�SURJUDPH�SUHOXDWH܈FD�HL�Vă�EHQH¿FLH]H�GH�R�IRUPDUH�SUHDODELOă��$FHVW�QHDMXQV�DUH�HIHFWH�QHJDWLYH��DWkW�DVXSUD�FRHUHQ܊HL�vQ�LPSOHPHQWDUH��FkW܈�L�DVXSUD�LPSDF�WXOXL�H¿FLHQ܊HL�HIHFWLYH�D�SURJUDPXOXL�GHUXODW�

�� 1HYRLD�GH�JKLGXUL܈�L�PDWHULDOH�VXSRUW�SHQWUX�GHUXODUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWăLORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�HVWH�IUHFYHQW�PHQ܊LRQDWă�vQ�UkQ�GXO�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��/LSVD� ORJLVWLFLL�QHFHVDUH܈�L�D� IRQGXULORU�QHFH�VDUH�SHQWUX�DFKL]L܊LRQDUHD�DFHVWRUD�OLPLWHD]ă�FDSDFLWDWHD�FRQVLOLHULORU��L�GH�D�LPSOHPHQWD�SUR܈�FRODUL�GH�D�UăVSXQGH�QHYRLORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH܈JUDPH�DGHFYDWH�

�� $QDOL]kQG�UH]XOWDWHOH�RE܊LQXWH�vQ�XUPD�LPSOHPHQWăULL�FRUHFWH�D�SURJUD�PHORU��GLQ�UHODWăULOH�FRQVLOLHULORU���UHPDUFăP�IDSWXO�Fă�DFHVWHD�SUREHD�]ă� vPEXQăWă܊LUHD�YL]LELOă�D�XQRU�DELOLWă܊L� VSHFL¿FH��$VWIHO��PHQ܊LRQăP�DLFL�� UHOD܊LRQDUHD� FX� FHLODO܊L�� UHGXFHUHD� FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU� GLVUXSWLYH��PRWLYD܊LH� PDL� FUHVFXWă� SHQWUX� ��FRDOă܈ FRQWURO� HPR܊LRQDO� PDL� EXQ��$FHVWHD�VXQW��GH�UHJXOă��vQUHJLVWUDWH�GH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�SULQWU�R�HYDOXD�UH�QHVWDQGDUGL]DWă��FHO�PDL�DGHVHD�DGXFkQGX�VH�vQ�GLVFX܊LH�REVHUYD܊LD�QHVLVWHPDWLFă�GH�vQUHJLVWUDUH�D�SURJUHVHORU�FRSLLORU��$�GRXD�PHWRGă�GH�HYDOXDUH�LQYRFDWă�HVWH�VDWLVIDF܊LD�FRSLLORU�vQ�FDGUXO�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��$OăWXUL�GH�DFHVWH�PHWRGH�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�UH]XOWDWHORU��VH�UHPDUFă܈�L�FkWHYD�PH�WRGH�PDL�RELHFWLYH��GDU�WRW�QHVLVWHPDWLFH��ED]DWH�SH�REVHUYD܊LLOH�HGX�FDWRULORU��SURIHVRULORU��GLULJLQ܊LORU�DVXSUD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL�FRSLLORU�

�� ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�DFWLYLWă܊LOH� UHDOL]DWH�FX�GLIHULWH�JUXSXUL� YXOQHUDEL�OH�GH�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L��FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�DX�UDSRUWDW� vQ�SURFHQW�GH����� UHDOL]DUHD� XQRU� DFWLYLWă܊L� FX� DFHVWH� FDWHJRULL�� *UXSXO� YXOQHUDELO�FHO�PDL�IUHFYHQW�PHQ܊LRQDW�D�IRVW�DFHOD�DO�FRSLLORU�FX�SăULQ܊L�SOHFD܊L�vQ�VWUăLQăWDWH��$FWLYLWă܊LOH�PHQ܊LRQDWH�FHO�PDL�IUHFYHQW�DX�YL]DW�SUHYHQLUHD�DEDQGRQXOXL� �FRODU܈ �L܈ GH]YROWDUHD� DXWRFRQWUROXOXL� HPR܊LRQDO� �L܈ FRP�SRUWDPHQWDO�

�� 3ULQWUH� IDFWRULL�PHQ܊LRQD܊L� IUHFYHQW�FD� IDYRUL]kQG� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SUR�JUDPHORU�VH�QXPăUă�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�FRQVLOLHUXOXL��VXSRUWXO� LQVWLWX܊LRQDO��FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH� FRSLOXOXL� �L܈ DOH� IDPLOLHL�� &RPSHWHQ܊HOH� GH� FRPXQLFDUH��L܈ UHOD܊LRQDUH� DOH� FRQVLOLHUXOXL� VXQW� HVHQ܊LDOH� vQ� SURFHVXO� GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DOH�HOHYLORU��'H�DVHPHQHD��H¿FLHQ܊D�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GH�DFHVW�WLS�HVWH�LQÀXHQ܊DWă�GH�FXQRD܈WHUHD�XQRU�PHWRGH�QRQ�IRUPD�OH�GH� IDFLOLWDUH�D�JUXSXULORU�� vPSUHXQă�FX�PHWRGH�GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�FODVHL�� GDU� �L܈ GH� ÀH[LEOLWDWHD� �L܈ DGDSWDELOLWDWHD� FRQVLOLHUXOXL�� ÌQ� FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�VWUXFWXUD܈�L�VXSRUWXO�LQVWLWX܊LRQDO��DFFHQWXO�H[FH܈LY�SH�GH]�

Page 112: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�FRJQLWLYH�SDUH�Vă�SHULFOLWH]H�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��$FHVW�OXFUX�HVWH�FRURERUDW�FX�SR]L܊LRQDUHD�GH¿FLWDUă�D�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU�vQ�UDSRUW�FX�FHOHODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��VXEPLQDUHD�VWDWXWXOXL�FRQVLOLHUXOXL��GXEODWă�GH�VHWDUHD�XQRU�H[SHFWDQ܊H�QHUHDOLVWH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�UROXO�VăX�vQ܈�FRDOă��$VWIHO��QHYRLD�GH�OHJLWLPLWDWH�OHJLWLPDUH�D�VWDWXVXOXL܈�L�UROXOXL�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�vQ�LQVWLWX܊LH�HVWH�HVHQ܊LDOă��8Q�DOW�IDF�WRU�VWUXFWXUDO�FDUH�D�IRVW�LGHQWL¿FDW�FD�¿LQG�UHOHYDQW�SHQWUX�LPSOHPHQWD�UHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU܈�L�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�HVWH�LQVX¿FLHQWD�LQIRUPDUH܈�L�SUHJăWLUH�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�vQ�GRPHQLXO�SVLKRSHGDJRJLF��/LSVD�XQRU�FXQR܈WLQ܊H܈�L�FRPSHWHQ܊H�SUDFWLFH�SHQWUX�D�FRQWULEXL܈�L�D�VXV܊LQH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GH� OD� FODVă� OLPLWHD]ă� GHPHUVXO� FRQVLOLHULORU�� &RQWH[WXO� IDPLOLDO� �L܈ FD�UDFWHULVWLFLOH� FRSLLORU� �L܈ DGROHVFHQ܊LORU� DX� IRVW� LGHQWL¿FDWH� FD� ¿LQG� H[�WUHP�GH�LPSRUWDQWH�SHQWUX�GHPHUVXULOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��)DPLOLD� FRQVWLWXLH�XQ�HOHPHQW� FULWLF� vQ� UHX܈LWD�SURJUDPHORU���LRQDWH��'H�DFHHD܊LORU�PDL�VXV�PHQ܊L�DFWLYLWă܈ LQIRUPDUHD�SăULQ܊LORU� vQ�YHGHUHD�FRQ܈WLHQWL]ăULL�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�GH]YRO�WDUHD� RSWLPă� D� FRSLLORU� �L܈ DGROHVFHQ܊LORU� DU� WUHEXL� Vă� ¿H� R� SULRULWDWH��,GHHD�SULQFLSDOă�FDUH�D�UHLH܈LW�GLQ�UăVSXQVXULOH�FRQVLOLHULORU�D�IRVW�DFHHD�Fă�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GHGLFDWH�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DX�XQ�LPSDFW�PDL�ULGLFDW�GDFă�VH�FUHHD]ă�XQ�SDUWHQHULDW�H¿FLHQW�FX�SăULQ܊LL܈�L�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH���L�FDGUH܈�LORU܊DGDU��FDOLEUDUHD�HIRUWXULORU�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�FX�FHOH�DOH�SăULQ܈$ORU� GLGDFWLFH��PHQ܊LRQkQGX�VH�QHYRLD�XQHL� FRQWLQXLWă܊L� vQWUH�HIRUWXULOH�FHORU�WUHL�FDWHJRULL�HVWH�HVHQ܊LDOă�SHQWUX�UHX܈LWD�SURJUDPHORU��

�� )RUPDUHD� FRQVLOLHULORU� �FRODUL܈ vQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� FRPSHWHQ܊D� ORU� vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�IRUPDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��SUH�FXP܈�L�FX�SULYLUH�OD�PHWRGH�SUDFWLFH܈�L�PHWRGH�GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�JUX�SXOXL�GH�HOHYL��HVWH�GH¿FLWDUă��&X�SUHFăGHUH�vQ�FDGUXO�GLDORJXULORU�GLQ�IRFXV�JUXSXUL��V�D�H[SULPDW�QHFHVLWDWHD�XQRU�IRUPăUL�DUWLFXODWH��RULHQ�WDWH�SH�QHYRL� UHDOH�DOH�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�L�SH�VWUDWHJLL�GH�ÀH[LELOL]DUH��SH�FDUH�FRQVLOLHUXO�Vă�OH�SRDWă�XWLOL]D�DWXQFL�FkQG�HVWH�QHFHVDUă�DGDSWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�LPSOHPHQWDWH��'H�DOWIHO��OD�vQWUHEăULOH�GLQ�FKHVWLRQDU�FDUH�DX�YL]DW�DXWRHYDOXDUHD�H[SOLFLWă�D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�GH�SURLHFWDUH܈�L� LP�SOHPHQWDUH�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�JUXSXOXL�HWF��SHVWH�����GLQWUH�FRQVLOLHUL�DX�UDSRUWDW�Fă�VH�FRQVLGHUă�PHGLX�SUHJăWL܊L�

Page 113: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

7DEHO������6XPDU�DO�DQDOL]HL�GDWHORU�H[WUDVH�SULQ�GHPHUVXO�GH�FHUFHWDUH��FDQWLWDWLY�FDOLWDWLY��vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�FULWHULXO�UHDOL]ăUL�QHYRL�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU

'LPHQVLXQH 6LWXDʕLD�SUH]HQWă 1HYRL�SHQWUX�YLLWRU&RPSHWHQʕH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DERUGDWH

5HFXQRDʓWHUHD�ʓL�PDQDJHPHQWXO�HPRʕLLORU��$ELOLWăʕLOH�GH�UHODʕLRQDUH�&RPXQLFDUH�DVHUWLYă�3UHYHQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�GH�ULVF�0RWLYDʕLD�$XWRH¿FDFLWDWHD�

'H]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQʕHORU�VRFLDOH�ʓL�HPRʕLRQDOH��'H]YROWDUHD�DXWRFRQWUROXOXL�0RWLYDʕLH�&UHDWLYLWDWH�$XWRFXQRDʓWHUH�$ELOLWăʕL�GH�vQYăʕDUH�

,PSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU

6H�UHDOL]HD]ă�FX�SUHFăGHUH�DFWLYLWăʕL�L]RODWH�VDX�SURJUDPH�SUHOXDWH�PHFDQLF��IăUă�R�SUHJăWLUH�SUHDODELOă�/LSVD�GH�UHVXUVH�ʓL�PDWHULDOH��LQFOXVLY�FRQʕLQXW�YDOLGDW�ʓWLLQʕL¿F�

1HYRLD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�HODERUDWH�FRHUHQW�ʓL�YDOLGDWH��FX�UHVXUVH�LQFOXVH�'H]YROWDUHD�VXSRUWXOXL�ORJLVWLF�

0RGDOLWăʕL�GH�HYDOXDUH�ʓL�UH]XOWDWH��LPSDFW�DO�SURJUDPHORU�

(YDOXDUHD�LPSDFWXOXL�SURJUDPHORU�V�D�UHDOL]DW��GH�FHOH�PDL�PXOW�RUL��SULQ�PHWRGH�QHVWDQGDUGL]DWH��REVHUYDʕLH�RFD]LRQDOă�ʓL�IHHGEDFN��ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYHʓWH�UH]XOWDWHOH�REʕLQXWH��DFHVWHD�V�DX�FRQFUHWL]DW�SULQ��VWDELOLWDWH�HPRʕLRQDOă��FRPXQLFDUH�DVHUWLYă��JHVWLRQDUHD�H¿FLHQWă�D�FRQÀLFWHORU�

1HYRLD�GH�PHWRGH�ʓL�LQVWUXPHQWH�YDOLGDWH�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�UH]XOWDWHORU�ʓL�LPSDFWXOXL�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWăʕLORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

3URYRFăUL ([SHULHQʕă�LQVX¿FLHQWă�VDX�DEVHQWă�FX�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH,PSOLFDUHD�GH¿FLWDUă�D�SăULQʕLORU�,QVX¿FLHQWD�VXVʕLQHUH�GLQ�SDUWHD�FROHJLORU��FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��DFRUGDWH�FRQVLOLHULORU�1XPăUXO�PDUH�GH�HOHYL�([SHFWDQʕH�QHUHDOLVWH�DOH�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�ʓL�FRQGXFHULL�LQVWLWXʕLHL�ʓFRODUH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�UROXO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�

1HYRLD�GH�IRUPDUH�FRQWLQXă�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�ʓFRODUL�1HYRLD�GH�OHJLWLPLWDWH�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�ʓFRODUL�1HYRLD�XQHL�SUHJăWLUL�SVLKRORJLFH�PDL�H¿FLHQWH�D�FHORUODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH�1HYRLD�GH�LPSOLFDUH�D�SăULQʕLORU�FD�SDUWH�DFWLYă�D�SURFHVXOXL�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�1HYRLD�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�D�SăULQʕLORU�SULYLQG�XWLOLWDWHD�XQXL�WDQGHP�vQWUH�SHUVRDQHOH�VSHFLDOL]DWH�DWXQFL�FkQG�DGUHVHD]ă�FRSLLORU�LQWUHYHQʕLL�FH�WUHEXLH�FRURERUDWH�FX�SDUHQWLQJ�

&RPSHWHQʕHOH�FRQVLOLHUXOXL�ʓFRODU

&RPSHWHQʕH�DXWRUDSRUWDWH�GH�QLYHO�PHGLX�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYHʓWH�GHVLJQXO�ʓL�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWăʕLORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�ʓL�PDQDJHPHQWXO�FODVHL�/LSVD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�IRUPDUH�FRQWLQXă�DWHVWDWH�SURIHVVLRQDO�

1HYRLD�GH�IRUPDUH�FRQWLQXă�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYHʓWH�FRPSHWHQʕHOH�FRQVLOLHULORU�ʓFRODUL�

Page 114: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

�����6WXGLX�SULYLQG�SHUVSHFWLYD�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�DVXSUD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DFHVWRUD�vQ܈�FRDOă6FRSXO� VWXGLXOXL�� $QDOL]D� SHUVSHFWLYHL� DGROHVFHQ܊LORU� DVXSUD� XWLOLWă܊LL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DFHVWRUD�vQ܈�FRDOă�

2ELHFWLYH���5HOLHIDUHD�SHUFHS܊LHL�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�LPSRUWDQ܊D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

���(YDOXDUHD�SHUVSHFWLYHL܈�L�H[SHULHQ܊HORU�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�FX�SULYLUH�GH]YROWD�UHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ܈�FRDOă�

6WXGLXO�GH�ID܊ă�D�IRVW�UHDOL]DW�DSHOkQG�OD�R�PHWRGRORJLH�FDQWLWDWLYă��HO�D�FRQ�VWDW�vQ�HODERUDUHD܈�L�DSOLFDUHD�XQXL�FKHVWLRQDU�SHQWUX�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�SHUVSHF�WLYHL�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�DVXSUD�XWLOLWă܊LL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DFHVWRUD�vQ܈�FRDOă

'HVFULHUHD�H܈DQWLRQXOXL/D�VWXGLX�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�������DGROHVFHQ܊L� FX�R�PHGLH�GH�YkUVWă�GH����DQL��L܈�DQWLRQXO�D�IRVW�FRPSXV�GLQ�����IHWH܈)��L�R�DEDWHUH�VWDQGDUG�GH�����DQL܈����EăLH܊L��6XE�DVSHFWXO�SUR¿OXOXL܈�FROLL�IUHFYHQWDWH��H܈DQWLRQXO�V�D�FRPSXV�GLQ���������������SUR¿O�WHRUHWLF������������SUR¿O�WHKQRORJLF܈�L�������������SUR¿O�YRFD܊LRQDO��6XE�DVSHFWXO�GLVWULEX܊LHL�SH�MXGH܊H��H܈DQWLRQXO�VH�FRPSXQH�GXSă�FXP�XUPHD]ă��$OED���������$UDG���������$UJH܈���������%LVWUL܊D�1ăVăXG���������%DFăX�������%LKRU� ��������%RWR܈DQL� ��������%UăLOD� ��������%UD܈RY������� %XFXUH܈WL� �������� %X]ăX� �������� &DUD�6܈HYHULQ� �������� &ăOăUD܈L���������&OXM���������&RQVWDQ܊D���������'kPERYL܊D���������'ROM���������*DOD܊L���������*LXUJLX���������*RUM���������+DUJKLWD���������+XQHGRDUD�������,D܈L���������,DORPL܊D���������,OIRY���������0DUDPXUH܈����0�����HKHGLQ܊L���������0XUH܈����1�����HDP܊����2�����OW���������3UDKRYD���������9kOFHD�������6ăODM���������6DWX�0DUH���������6LELX���������6XFHDYD���������7HOHRUPDQ�������7LPL܈����7�����XOFHD���������9DVOXL���������9UDQFHD��������

Instrumente

&KHVWLRQDU��3HUVSHFWLYD�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�DVXSUD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DFHVWRUD�vQ܈�FRDOă��YH]L�$QH[D«��

Page 115: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

&KHVWLRQDU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�YLD܊ă�vQ܈�FRDOă'UDJL�DGROHVFHQрL�

9ă�LQYLWăP�Vă�SDUWLFLSDрL�OD�XQ�VWXGLX�FDUH�vоL�SURSXQH�Vă�DQDOL]H]H�SHUVSHF-WLYD�HOHYLORU� FX�SULYLUH� OD� GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWăрLORU� GH� YLDрă� �QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� vQ�оFROLOH�GLQ�5RPkQLD��5ăVSXQVXULOH�YRDVWUH�VXQW�H[WUHP�GH�LPSRUWDQWH�SHQ-WUX�QRL��GHRDUHFH�QH�DMXWă�Vă�vQрHOHJHP�SHUVSHFWLYD�YRDVWUă�DVXSUD�DFHVWRU�DELOLWăрL�оL�FXP�OH�SXWHP�GH]YROWD�H¿FLHQW��DVWIHO�vQFkW�YRL�Vă�¿рL�ELQH�HFKLSDрL�SHQWUX�SURYRFăULOH�PHGLXOXL�HGXFDрLRQDO�оL�DO�FHOXL�SURIHVLRQDO�

3DUWLFLSDUHD�OD�DFHVWXL�VWXGLX�HVWH�YROXQWDUă��5ăVSXQVXULOH�RIHULWH�GH�YRL�VXQW�DQRQLPH�оL�FRQ¿GHQрLDOH��LDU�GDWHOH�REрLQXWH�YRU�¿�DQDOL]DWH�OD�QLYHO�GH�JUXS�оL�XWLOL]DWH�vQ�FDGUXO�XQXL�VWXGLX�SULYLQG�EXQHOH�SUDFWLFL�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWăрLORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�DGROHVFHQрL��UHDOL]DW�GH�FăWUH�8QLYHUVLWDWHD�%DEHо�%RO\DL�оL�81,&()�vQ�5RPkQLD�

&RPSOHWDUHD�FKHVWLRQDUXOXL�GXUHD]���PLQXWH�

9ă�PXOрXPLP�

&H�VXQW�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�6XQW�DFHOH�DELOLWă܊L�FH�SRW�¿�vQYă܊DWH܈�L�DX�XQ�URO�vQ�D�L�DMXWD�SH�DGROHVFHQ܊L�Vă܈�L�FRQVWUXLDVFă�R�YLD܊ă�SR]LWLYă��([HPSOH�GH�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��RSWL�PLVPXO��PRWLYD܊LD��DXWRFRQWUROXO��SHUVHYHUHQ܊D��LQWHJULWDWHD��FXULR]LWDWHD�HWF�

7H� UXJăP�Vă� UăVSXQ]L� OD�XUPăWRDUHOH� vQWUHEăUL�� FRPSOHWkQG�FX� LQIRUPD܊LLOH�VROLFLWDWH�VDX�vQFHUFXLQG�YDULDQWD�YDULDQWHOH�GH�UăVSXQV�SRWULYLWH�SHQWUX�WLQH�

���0DL�MRV�VXQW�HQXPHUDWH�R�VHULH�GH�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��6HOHFWHD]ă�SD�WUX�GLQWUH�DFHVWHD�SH�FDUH�WX�OH�FRQVLGHUL�IXQGDPHQWDOH�SHQWUX�DGDSWDUHD�WD�OD�YLD܊D�GH�]L�FX�]L�

ჱ 3HUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH��SHUFHS܊LD�GHVSUH�SURSULLOH�FDOLWă܊L�SHUVRQDOH��

ჱ 0RWLYD܊LD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�VWDELOL܈�L�XUPăUL�VFRSXULOH�SURSXVH��

ჱ $XWRFRQWUROXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�UH]LVWD�WHQWD܊LLORU�LPHGLDWH��,PSOLFă�VWăSkQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��HPR܊LLORU��JkQGXULORU��

ჱ 3HUVHYHUHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�GH�D�¿QDOL]D�OD�WLPS܈�L�FX�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH�RULFH�VDUFLQă��FkW�SRDWH�HD�GH�ELQH��vQ�FLXGD�WHQWD܊LLORU��REVWDFROHORU�VDX�QLYHOXOXL�GH�GL¿FXOWDWH�D�VDUFLQLL��

Page 116: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

ჱ ÌQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��SUHVXSXQH�FD�R�SHUVRDQă�Vă�¿H�FDSDELOă�Vă�v܈L�VWDELOHDVFă�RELHFWLYH�GH�vQYă܊DUH܈�L�Vă�v܈L�HYDOXH]H�SURSULD�vQYă܊DUH��

ჱ &UHDWLYLWDWHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURGXFH�LGHL�VDX�SURGXVH�QRL��

ჱ $QWUHSUHQRULDOXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�SXQH�LGHLOH�vQ�SUDFWLFă��GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�RSRUWXQLWă܊LOH�FDUH�DSDU��

ჱ &RPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH��H[SULPDUHD�HPR܊LLORU��vQ܊HOHJHUHD�HPR܊LLORU�SURSULL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPR܊LLORU��

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FRRSHUDUH��vPSăUWă܈LUH��DMXWRU��FRPXQLFDUH��HPSDWLH��vQFXUDMăUL��FRPSRUWDPHQW�SULHWHQRV��

ჱ 5H]LOLHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DGDSWDUH�SR]LWLYă��vQ�FLXGD�VLWXD܊LLORU�GH�ULVF�FX�FDUH�FLQHYD�VH�FRQIUXQWă�±�VăUăFLH��DEX]��SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH��SUREOHPH�vQ�IDPLOLH�HWF���

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH��FRPSHWHQ܊D�GRULQ܊D�GH�D�UHDOL]D�FDPSDQLL�VRFLDOH��GH�D�VH�LPSOLFD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWH��GH�D�SDUWLFLSD�vQ�RUJDQL]D܊LL܈�L�DVRFLD܊LL�DOH�HOHYLORU��

���ÌQ�XOWLPLL�DQL��DL�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJ�QLWLYH�vQ�FDGUXO܈�FROLL"

ჱ Da

ჱ Nu

ჱ 'DFă�DX�IRVW�PDL�PXOWH��WH�UXJăP�Vă�VSHFL¿FL�QXPăUXO�ORU���������������������������������������������

���3HQWUX�SURJUDPXO�DFWLYLWDWHD�FDUH�D�DYXW�FHO�PDL�PDUH�LPSDFW�DVXSUD�WD��WH�UXJăP�Vă�VSHFL¿FL�XUPăWRDUHOH�

� 1XPHOH�SURJUDPXOXL�DFWLYLWă܊LL� ������������������������������������������������������������ � ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

���&LQH�D�DSOLFDW�SURJUDPXO" ჱ 'LULJLQWHOH

ჱ &RQVLOLHUXO܇�FRODU

ჱ Alt cadru didactic

ჱ 1X�YUHDX�Vă�UăVSXQG

Page 117: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

���&DUH�DX�IRVW�WHPHOH�SULQFLSDOH�DERUGDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�SURJUDPXOXL�UHVSHFWLY��$OHJH܊L�PLQLP�WUHL�YDULDQWH�vQ�RUGLQHD�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�

ჱ 3HUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH��SHUFHS܊LD�GHVSUH�SURSULLOH�FDOLWă܊L�SHUVRQDOH��

ჱ 0RWLYD܊LD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�VWDELOL܈�L�XUPăUL�VFRSXULOH�SURSXVH��

ჱ $XWRFRQWUROXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�UH]LVWD�WHQWD܊LLORU�LPHGLDWH��,PSOLFă�VWăSkQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��HPR܊LLORU��JkQGXULORU��

ჱ 3HUVHYHUHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�GH�D�¿QDOL]D�OD�WLPS܈�L�FX�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH�RULFH�VDUFLQă��FkW�SRDWH�HD�GH�ELQH��vQ�FLXGD�WHQWD܊LLORU��REVWDFROHORU�VDX�QLYHOXOXL�GH�GL¿FXOWDWH�D�VDUFLQLL��

ჱ ÌQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��SUHVXSXQH�FD�R�SHUVRDQD�Vă�¿H�FDSDELOă�Vă�v܈L�VWDELOHDVFă�RELHFWLYH�GH�vQYă܊DUH܈�L�Vă�v܈L�HYDOXH]H�SURSULD�vQYă܊DUH��

ჱ &UHDWLYLWDWHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURGXFH�LGHL�VDX�SURGXVH�QRL��

ჱ $QWUHSUHQRULDOXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�SXQH�LGHLOH�vQ�SUDFWLFă��GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�RSRUWXQLWă܊LOH�FDUH�DSDU��

ჱ &RPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH��H[SULPDUHD�HPR܊LLORU��vQ܊HOHJHUHD�HPR܊LLORU�SURSULL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPR܊LLORU��

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FRRSHUDUH��vPSăUWă܈LUH��DMXWRU��FRPXQLFDUH��HPSDWLH��vQFXUDMăUL��FRPSRUWDPHQW�SULHWHQRV��

ჱ 5H]LOLHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DGDSWDUH�SR]LWLYă��vQ�FLXGD�VLWXD܊LLORU�GH�ULVF�FX�FDUH�FLQHYD�VH�FRQIUXQWă�±�VăUăFLH��DEX]��SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH��SUREOHPH�vQ�IDPLOLH�HWF���

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH��FRPSHWHQ܊D�GRULQ܊D�GH�D�UHDOL]D�FDPSDQLL�VRFLDOH��GH�D�VH�LPSOLFD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWH��SDUWLFLSD�vQ�RUJDQL]D܊LL܈�L�DVRFLD܊LL�DOH�HOHYLORU��

���&DUH�D� IRVW� GXUDWD�PHGLH�GH� LPSOHPHQWDUH�D�SURJUDPXOXL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�UHVSHFWLYH"

ჱ �±��RUH

ჱ �±���RUH

ჱ ��±���RUH

ჱ SHVWH����RUH

ჱ QX܈�WLX�Vă�UăVSXQG

Page 118: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

���&H�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�FUH]L�Fă܊�L�D�GH]YROWDW�DFHVW�SURJUDP"�$OHJH�PLQLP�WUHL�YDULDQWH�vQ�RUGLQHD�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�

ჱ 3HUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH��SHUFHS܊LD�GHVSUH�SURSULLOH�FDOLWă܊L�SHUVRQDOH��

ჱ 0RWLYD܊LD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�VWDELOL܈�L�XUPăUL�VFRSXULOH�SURSXVH��

ჱ $XWRFRQWUROXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�UH]LVWD�WHQWD܊LLORU�LPHGLDWH��,PSOLFă�VWăSkQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��HPR܊LLORU��JkQGXULORU��

ჱ 3HUVHYHUHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�GH�D�¿QDOL]D�OD�WLPS܈�L�FX�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH�RULFH�VDUFLQă��FkW�SRDWH�HD�GH�ELQH��vQ�FLXGD�WHQWD܊LLORU��REVWDFROHORU�VDX�QLYHOXOXL�GH�GL¿FXOWDWH�D�VDUFLQLL��

ჱ ÌQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��SUHVXSXQH�FD�R�SHUVRDQD�Vă�¿H�FDSDELOă�Vă�v܈L�VWDELOHDVFă�RELHFWLYH�GH�vQYă܊DUH܈�L�Vă�v܈L�HYDOXH]H�SURSULD�vQYă܊DUH��

ჱ &UHDWLYLWDWHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURGXFH�LGHL�VDX�SURGXVH�QRL��

ჱ $QWUHSUHQRULDOXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�SXQH�LGHLOH�vQ�SUDFWLFă��GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�RSRUWXQLWă܊LOH�FDUH�DSDU��

ჱ &RPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH��H[SULPDUHD�HPR܊LLORU��vQ܊HOHJHUHD�HPR܊LLORU�SURSULL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPR܊LLORU��

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FRRSHUDUH��vPSăUWă܈LUH��DMXWRU��FRPXQLFDUH��HPSDWLH��vQFXUDMăUL��FRPSRUWDPHQW�SULHWHQRV��

ჱ 5H]LOLHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DGDSWDUH�SR]LWLYă��vQ�FLXGD�VLWXD܊LLORU�GH�ULVF�FX�FDUH�FLQHYD�VH�FRQIUXQWă�±�VăUăFLH��DEX]��SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH��SUREOHPH�vQ�IDPLOLH�HWF���

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH��FRPSHWHQ܊D�GRULQ܊D�GH�D�UHDOL]D�FDPSDQLL�VRFLDOH��GH�D�VH�LPSOLFD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWH��SDUWLFLSD�vQ�RUJDQL]D܊LL܈�L�DVRFLD܊LL�DOH�HOHYLORU��

Page 119: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

���'DWH�VRFLR�GHPRJUD¿FH�

D��/RFDOLWDWHD�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

E��-XGH܊XO�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

F��9kUVWD�WD���������������������������������������������DQL

G��*HQXO

ჱ 0DVFXOLQ

ჱ )HPLQLQ

H��3UR¿OXO�OLFHXOXL�SH�FDUH�vO�XUPH]L

ჱ 7HRUHWLF

ჱ 7HKQRORJLF

ჱ 9RFD܊LRQDO

I��&ODVD��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

Page 120: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

Analiza datelor

,HUDUKLD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�SHUFHS܊LD�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU

3DUWLFLSDQ܊LL�OD�VWXGLX�DX�IRVW�VROLFLWD܊L�Vă�VHOHFWH]H�GLQWU�XQ�VHW�GDW�GH�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH����DELOLWă܊L� SH�FDUH�DFH܈WLD� OH� FRQVLGHUDX� IXQGDPHQWDOH�SHQ�WUX�DGDSWDUHD�ORU� OD�YLD܊D�GH�]L�FX�]L�� ÌQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL� MRV�HVWH�SUH]HQWDWă�GLVWULEX܊LD�QXPăUXOXL�GH�PHQ܊LXQL�SHQWUX�¿HFDUH�DELOLWDWH�vQ�SDUWH�

7DEHOXO������$ELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�FRQVLGHUDWH�GH�FăWUH�DGROHVFHQ܊L�FD�¿LQG�IXQGDPHQWDOH�SHQWUX�DGDSWDUHD�ORU�OD�YLD܊D�GH�]L�FX�]L�

$ELOLWăʕL� N 3URFHQWH0RWLYDʕLD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�VWDELOL�ʓL�XUPăUL�VFRSXULOH�SURSXVH�� ���� ������$XWRFRQWUROXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�UH]LVWD�WHQWDʕLLORU�LPHGLDWH��LPSOLFă�VWăSkQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��HPRʕLLORU��JkQGXULORU�� 1210 ������

3HUVHYHUHQʕD��FDSDFLWDWHD�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�GH�D�¿QDOL]D�OD�WLPS�ʓL�FX�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH�RULFH�VDUFLQă��FkW�SRDWH�HD�GH�ELQH��vQ�FLXGD�WHQWDʕLLORU��REVWDFROHORU�VDX�QLYHOXOXL�GH�GL¿FXOWDWH�D�VDUFLQLL��

���� ������

&UHDWLYLWDWHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURGXFH�LGHL�VDX�SURGXVH�QRL�� 1118 ������3HUFHSʕLD�GH�VLQH��SHUFHSʕLD�GHVSUH�SURSULLOH�FDOLWăʕL�SHUVRQDOH�� 1089 ������&RPSHWHQʕHOH�HPRʕLRQDOH��H[SULPDUHD�HPRʕLLORU��vQʕHOHJHUHD�HPRʕLLORU�SURSULL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPRʕLLORU�� ��� ������

$ELOLWăʕLOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FRRSHUDUH��vPSăUWăʓLUH��DMXWRU��FRPXQLFDUH��HPSDWLH��vQFXUDMăUL��FRPSRUWDPHQW�SULHWHQRV�� ��� ������

$QWUHSUHQRULDWXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�SXQH�LGHLOH�vQ�SUDFWLFă��GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�RSRUWXQLWăʕLOH�FDUH�DSDU�� 482 ������

5H]LOLHQʕD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DGDSWDUH�SR]LWLYă��vQ�FLXGD�VLWXDʕLLORU�GH�ULVF�FX�FDUH�FLQHYD�VH�FRQIUXQWă�±�VăUăFLH��DEX]��SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH��SUREOHPH�vQ�IDPLOLH�HWF���

415 ������

$ELOLWăʕLOH�FLYLFH��FRPSHWHQʕD�GRULQʕD�GH�D�UHDOL]D�FDPSDQLL�VRFLDOH��GH�D�VH�LPSOLFD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWH��GH�D�SDUWLFLSD�vQ�RUJDQL]DʕLL�ʓL�DVRFLDʕLL�DOH�HOHYLORU�� 411 ������

ÌQYăʕDUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��SUHVXSXQH�FD�R�SHUVRDQă�Vă�¿H�FDSDELOă�Vă�vʓL�VWDELOHDVFă�RELHFWLYH�GH�vQYăʕDUH�ʓL�Vă�vʓL�HYDOXH]H�SURSULD�vQYăʕDUH�� ��� ������

�D܈$ FXP� VH� SRDWH� REVHUYD� GLQ� WDEHOXO� GH�PDL� VXV�� FDUH� UHGă� SURFHQWHOH�FXPXODWH�GH�PHQ܊LRQDUH�D�DELOLWD܊LORU� LPSRUWDQWH�SHQWUX�R�DGDSWDUH�H¿FLHQ�Wă�GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�� DELOLWDWHD�FDUH�D� IRVW�DOHDVă�FX�FHD�PDL�PDUH�IUHFYHQ܊ă�D�IRVW�PRWLYD܊LD�����������XUPDWă�GH�DXWRFRQWURO���������܈�L�SHUVHYHUHQ܊ă�����������8UPăULQG��vQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS܈��L�DELOLWă܊LOH�FHO�PDL�SX܊LQ�PHQ܊LRQDWH�GH�FăWUH�DGROHVFHQ܊L��REVHUYăP�Fă�XOWLPHOH�WUHL�ORFXUL�VXQW�RFX�SDWH�GH� UH]LOLHQ܊ă� ����������DELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH� ���������� UHVSHFWLY� vQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă����������

Page 121: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

3DUWLFLSDUHD�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�OD�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYHÌQ�DFHDVWă�VHF܊LXQH�V�D�XUPăULW�JUDGXO�GH� LPSOLFDUH�D�HOHYLORU� vQ�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��FDUDFWHULVWLFL�DOH�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH�SUHFXP܈�L�HIHFWHOH�ORU�DVXSUD�SDUWLFLSDQ܊LORU�

ÌQ�JUD¿FXO�GH�PDL�MRV�HVWH�SUH]HQWDWă�GLVWULEX܊LD�QXPHULFă܈�L�SURFHQWXDOă�D�SDUWLFLSăULL�HOHYLORU�OD�SURJUDPHOH�PDL�VXV�PHQ܊LRQDWH�

0% 10% 20% ��� 40% 50% ��� ��� 80% 90% 100%

'D

Nu

)LJXUD������3DUWLFLSDUH�vQ�XOWLPLL�DQL�OD�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�FDGUXO܈�FROLL

�LH�IRDUWH�PLFă�GLQ܊D�FXP�VH�SRDWH�REVHUYD�GLQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�VXV��R�SURSRU܈$WUH�UHVSRQGHQ܊L�D�GHFODUDW�Fă�D�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�DFWLYLWă܊L�GH�IRUPDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�FDGUXO܈�FROLL����������

ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRRUGRQDWRULL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GLQ�DFHVWH�SURJUDPH��GLVWULEX܊LD�DFHVWRUD�HVWH�SUH]HQWDWă�vQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�MRV�

7DEHOXO������'LVWULEX܊LD�FRRUGRQDWRUXOXL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GLQ�SURJUDP�

5ăVSXQV N 3URFHQWH8Q�FDGUX�GLGDFWLF��DOWXO�GHFkW�GLULJLQWHOH�VDX�FRQVLOLHUXO� ��� ������'LULJLQWHOH �� ������&RQVLOLHUXO�ʓFRODU �� ������1X�ʓWLX�1X�UăVSXQG 48 ������

Laura Stefanut
Page 122: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

'LQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�VXV�VH�SRDWH�REVHUYD�Fă��GH�FHOH�PDL�PXOWH�RUL��SULQFLSDOXO�FRRUGRQDWRU�DO�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GLQ�SURJUDP�D�IRVW�XQ�FDGUX�GLGDFWLF�DOWXO�GHFkW�GL�ULJLQWHOH���������GLQ�FD]XUL���XUPDW�vQ�RUGLQHD�IUHFYHQ܊HL�GH�GLULJLQWH���������GLQ�FD]XUL�܈�L�FRQVLOLHUXO܈�FRODU���������GLQ�FD]XUL��

ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�SULQFLSDOHOH�WHPH�DERUGDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH��LHUDUKLD�DFHVWRUD�HVWH�SUH]HQWDWă�vQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�MRV�

7DEHOXO������3ULQFLSDOH�WHPH�DERUGDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�SURJUDPXOXL

5ăVSXQV N 3URFHQWH$ELOLWăʕLOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FRRSHUDUH��vPSăUWăʓLUH��DMXWRU��FRPXQLFDUH��HPSDWLH��vQFXUDMăUL��FRPSRUWDPHQW�SULHWHQRV�� ��� ������

&UHDWLYLWDWHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURGXFH�LGHL�VDX�SURGXVH�QRL�� ��� ������0RWLYDʕLD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�VWDELOL�ʓL�XUPăUL�VFRSXULOH�SURSXVH�� ��� ������3HUFHSʕLD�GH�VLQH��SHUFHSʕLD�GHVSUH�SURSULLOH�FDOLWăʕL�SHUVRQDOH�� 151 ������3HUVHYHUHQʕD��FDSDFLWDWHD�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�GH�D�¿QDOL]D�OD�WLPS�ʓL�FX�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH�RULFH�VDUFLQă��FkW�SRDWH�HD�GH�ELQH��vQ�FLXGD�WHQWDʕLLORU��REVWDFROHORU�VDX�QLYHOXOXL�GH�GL¿FXOWDWH�DO�VDUFLQLL��

��� ������

&RPSHWHQʕHOH�HPRʕLRQDOH��H[SULPDUHD�HPRʕLLORU��vQʕHOHJHUHD�HPRʕLLORU�SURSULL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPRʕLLORU�� ��� ������

$ELOLWăʕLOH�FLYLFH��FRPSHWHQʕD�GRULQʕD�GH�D�UHDOL]D�FDPSDQLL�VRFLDOH��GH�D�VH�LPSOLFD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWH��GH�D�SDUWLFLSD�vQ�RUJDQL]DʕLL�ʓL�DVRFLDʕLL�DOH�HOHYLORU�� 104 ������

$XWRFRQWUROXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�UH]LVWD�WHQWDʕLLORU�LPHGLDWH��,PSOLFă�VWăSkQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��HPRʕLLORU��JkQGXULORU�� 101 ������

$QWUHSUHQRULDWXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�SXQH�LGHLOH�vQ�SUDFWLFă��GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�RSRUWXQLWăʕLOH�FDUH�DSDU�� 81 ������

ÌQYăʕDUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��SUHVXSXQH�FD�R�SHUVRDQD�Vă�¿H�FDSDELOă�Vă�vʓL�VWDELOHDVFă�RELHFWLYH�GH�vQYăʕDUH�ʓL�Vă�vʓL�HYDOXH]H�SURSULD�vQYăʕDUH�� �� ������

5H]LOLHQʕD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DGDSWDUH�SR]LWLYă��vQ�FLXGD�VLWXDʕLLORU�GH�ULVF�FX�FDUH�FLQHYD�VH�FRQIUXQWă�±�VăUăFLH��DEX]��SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH��SUREOHPH�vQ�IDPLOLH�HWF����

59 ������

�L�vQ�RUGL܊D�FXP�VH�SRDWH�REVHUYD�GLQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�VXV��SULPHOH�WUHL�DELOLWă܈$QHD�WUDWăULL�ORU�SULQ�SURJUDPH�vQ�FDGUXO܈�FROLL�DX�IRVW�DELOLWă܊LOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH���������GLQWUH�PHQ܊LXQL���XUPDWH�GH�FUHDWLYLWDWH���������GLQWUH�PHQ܊LXQL�܈�L�PRWLYD܊LH���������GLQWUH�PHQ܊LXQL���ÌQ�DFHOD܈L�WLPS��VH�SRDWH�UHPDUFD�IDSWXO�Fă�DELOLWă܊LOH�FHOH�PDL�UDU�YL]DWH�SULQ�DFHVWH�SURJUDPH�DX�IRVW�DQWUHSUHQRULDWXO���������GLQWUH�PHQ܊LXQL���vQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă���������GLQWUH�PHQ܊LXQL�܈�L�UH]LOLHQ܊D���������GLQWUH�PHQ܊LXQL��

&RPSDUkQG�DFHDVWă� LHUDUKLH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU� YL]DWH�SULQ�SURJUDPH�FX� LHUDUKLD�DELOWă܊LORU�SHUFHSXWH�FD�LPSRUWDQWH�GH�FăWUH�HOHYL��FRQVWDWăP�vQ�SULPXO�UkQG�

Page 123: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

Fă� DELOLWă܊LOH� GH� OD� FRDGD� FHORU� GRXă� LHUDUKLL� FRLQFLG� vQ�PDUH�PăVXUă��0DL�H[DFW��vQ�DPEHOH�FD]XUL�VH�DFRUGă�R�LPSRUWDQ܊ă�PDL�PLFă�DELOLWă܊LORU�FLYLFH��UH]LOLHQ܊HL��vQYă܊ăULL�DXWRUHJODWH܈�L�DQWUHSUHQRULDWXOXL��$FHVW�OXFUX�SRDWH�¿�H[�SOLFDW�¿H�SULQ�IDSWXO�Fă�XQ�DFFHQW�PDL�UHGXV�SXV�SH�DFHVWH�DELOLWă܊L�GH�FăWUH��LQ�LP܊FRDOă�D�IăFXW�FD�HOHYLL�Vă�OH�SHUFHDSă��OD�UkQGXO�ORU��FD�¿LQG�PDL�SX܈SRUWDQWH��¿H�DELOLWă܊LOH�YL]DWH�SULQ�SURJUDPH�DX�IRVW�VHOHFWDWH�SH�ED]D�XQHL�LQYHVWLJăUL�SUHDODELOH�D�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�DFRUGDWH�GH�FăWUH�HOHYL�GLYHUVHORU�DELOLWă܊L�

'H�DVHPHQHD��DQDOL]kQG�DELOLWă܊LOH�GLQ�SULPD�MXPăWDWH�D�FHORU�GRXă�LHUDUKLL��FRQVWDWăP�Fă�PRWLYD܊LD��SHUVHYHUHQ܊D��FUHDWLYLWDWHD�VXQW��OD�UkQGXO�ORU��vQWU�XQ�IHO�DJUHDWH�GH�FHOH�GRXă�SăU܊L��܈FRDOă܈�L�HOHYL��FD�¿LQG�LPSRUWDQWH��H[SOLFD܊LLOH�SRVLELOH�¿LQG�DFHOHD܈L�FD܈�L�vQ�GLVFX܊LD�DQWHULRDUă�

/HJDW�GH�GXUDWD�GHVIă܈XUăULL�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH��R�GLVWULEX܊LH�D�DFHVWHLD�HVWH�SUH]HQWDWă�vQ�¿JXUD�GH�PDL�MRV�

0% 10% 20% ��� 40% 50% ��� ��� 80% 90% 100%

����RUe

�����RUe

������RUe

SHVWH����RUe

)LJXUD������'XUDWD�PHGLH�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUH�D�SURJUDPXOXL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ܈�FRDOă

6H�SRDWH�FRQVWDWD�GLQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�VXV�Fă�SUHGRPLQă�SURJUDPHOH�VFXUWH��vQWUH܈���L���RUH�

8OWLPXO�DVSHFW�LQYHVWLJDW�DLFL�HVWH�LHUDUKLD�SURSULLORU�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�SH�FDUH�HOHYLL�OH�SHUFHS�FD�¿LQG�vPEXQăWă܊LWH�vQ�XUPD�SDUFXUJHULL�SURJUDPHORU�GHVIă܈XUDWH� vQ܈�FRDOă��5H]XOWDWXO�DFHVWHL�DQDOL]H�HVWH�SUH]HQWDW� vQ� WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�MRV�

Page 124: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

7DEHOXO������$ELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�FRQVLGHUDWH�GH�FăWUH�HOHYL�FD�¿LQG�vPEXQăWă܊LWH�vQ�XUPD�SDUFXUJHULL�SURJUDPHORU�VSHFL¿F�GH�GH]YROWDUH

$ELOLWĄʖL N Procente0RWLYDʕLD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�VWDELOL�ʓL�XUPăUL�VFRSXULOH�SURSXVH�� 182 ������3HUFHSʕLD�GH�VLQH��SHUFHSʕLD�GHVSUH�SURSULLOH�FDOLWăʕL�SHUVRQDOH�� ��� ������3HUVHYHUHQʕD��FDSDFLWDWHD�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�GH�D�¿QDOL]D�OD�WLPS�ʓL�FX�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH�RULFH�VDUFLQă��FkW�SRDWH�HD�GH�ELQH��vQ�FLXGD�WHQWDʕLLORU��REVWDFROHORU�VDX�QLYHOXOXL�GH�GL¿FXOWDWH�DO�VDUFLQLL�� 150 ������&UHDWLYLWDWHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURGXFH�LGHL�VDX�SURGXVH�QRL�� ��� ������$XWRFRQWUROXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�UH]LVWD�WHQWDʕLLORU�LPHGLDWH��,PSOLFă�VWăSkQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��HPRʕLLORU��JkQGXULORU�� ��� ������$ELOLWăʕLOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FRRSHUDUH��vPSăUWăʓLUH��DMXWRU��FRPXQLFDUH��HPSDWLH��vQFXUDMăUL��FRPSRUWDPHQW�SULHWHQRV�� ��� ������&RPSHWHQʕHOH�HPRʕLRQDOH��H[SULPDUHD�HPRʕLLORU��vQʕHOHJHUHD�HPRʕLLORU�SURSULL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPRʕLLORU�� 104 ������$ELOLWăʕLOH�FLYLFH��FRPSHWHQʕD�GRULQʕD�GH�D�UHDOL]D�FDPSDQLL�VRFLDOH��GH�D�VH�LPSOLFD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWH��GH�D�SDUWLFLSD�vQ�RUJDQL]DʕLL�ʓL�DVRFLDʕLL�DOH�HOHYLORU�� 100 ������$QWUHSUHQRULDWXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�SXQH�LGHLOH�vQ�SUDFWLFă��GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�RSRUWXQLWăʕLOH�FDUH�DSDU�� 82 ������ÌQYăʕDUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��SUHVXSXQH�FD�R�SHUVRDQD�Vă�¿H�FDSDELOă�Vă�vʓL�VWDELOHDVFă�RELHFWLYH�GH�vQYăʕDUH�ʓL�Vă�vʓL�HYDOXH]H�SURSULD�vQYăʕDUH��� 58 ������5H]LOLHQʕD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DGDSWDUH�SR]LWLYă��vQ�FLXGD�VLWXDʕLLORU�GH�ULVF�FX�FDUH�FLQHYD�VH�FRQIUXQWă�±�VăUăFLH��DEX]��SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH��SUREOHPH�vQ�IDPLOLH�HWF��� 51 ������

�D�FXP�VH�SRDWH�REVHUYD�GLQ܈$ WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�VXV�� LHUDUKLD�DELOLWă܊LORU�SHU�FHSXWH�FD�¿LQG�GH]YROWDWH� vQ�XUPD�LPSOHPHQWăULL�SURJUDPHORU�VSHFL¿FH�GLQ���FRDOă�HVWH܈ vQ�PDUH�PăVXUă�� FRQVRQDQWă�FX� LHUDUKLD� LPSRUWDQ܊HL�DWULEXLWH�GH�FăWUH�HOHYL��UHVSHFWLY�LHUDUKLD�DELOLWă܊LORU�YL]DWH�SULQ�SURJUDPH��$VWIHO��FRQ�VWDWăP�SR]L܊LL�SULQFLSDOH�SHQWUX�DELOLWă܊L�SUHFXP�PRWLYD܊LD��SHUVHYHUHQ܊D��FUH�DWLYLWDWHD�� UHVSHFWLYH� SR]L܊LL� VHFXQGDUH� SHQWUX� DELOLWă܊L� SUHFXP� FHOH� FLYLFH��DQWUHSUHQRULDW��vQYă܊DUH�DXWRUHJODWă�VDX�UH]LOLHQ܊ă�

Page 125: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

����$QDOL]D�FRPSDUDWLYă�LQWHJUDWă�D�LHUDUKLHL�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��FRQVLOLHUL܈�FRODUL�YV��HOHYL/D�¿QDOXO�DFHVWHL�VHF܊LXQL�DP�XUPăULW�PăVXUD� vQ�FDUH� LPSRUWDQ܊D�DFRUGDWă�GLYHUVHORU�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�GH�FăWUH�HOHYL�� UHVSHFWLY��FRQVLOLHUL� ��FRODUL܈GLIHUă��&HOH�GRXă�LHUDUKLL�VXQW�SUH]HQWDWH�vQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�MRV�

7DEHOXO�������&RPSDUDUHD�LHUDUKLLORU�DELOLWă܊LORU�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�SHUFHS܊LD�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL܈�L�vQ�FHD�D�HOHYLORU

3HUVSHFWLYD�FRQVLOHULORU�ʓFRODUL 3HUVSHFWLYD�HOHYLORU&RPSHWHQWH�HPRʕLRQDOH� 0RWLYDʕLD�0RWLYDʕLD� $XWRFRQWUROXO�3HUFHSʕLD�GH�VLQH� 3HUVHYHUHQʕD�$XWRFRQWUROXO� &UHDWLYLWDWHD�$ELOLWăʕL�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH� 3HUFHSʕLD�GH�VLQH�5H]LOLHQʕD� &RPSHWHQʕHOH�HPRʕLRQDOH�&UHDWLYLWDWHD� $ELOLWăʕLOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH�3HUVHYHUHQʕD� $QWUHSUHQRULDWXO�ÌQYăʕDUHD�DXWRUHJODWă� 5H]LOLHQʕD�$ELOLWăʕLOH�FLYLFH� $ELOLWăʕLOH�FLYLFH�$QWUHSUHQRULDWXO� ÌQYăʕDUHD�DXWRUHJODWă�

�L�QRQ܊D�FXP�VH�SRDWH�REVHUYD�GLQ�WDEHOXO�GH�PDL�VXV��H[LVWă�FkWHYD�DELOLWă܈$FRJQLWLYH�SH�FDUH�DWkW�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�FkW܈�L�HOHYLL�OH�FRQVLGHUă��vQ�DFHHD܈L�PăVXUă��GUHSW�LPSRUWDQWH�VDX�QHLPSRUWDQWH��vQ�VFKLPE��H[LVWă܈�L�DELOLWă܊L�DVX�SUD�FăURUD�SHUVSHFWLYHOH�FHORU�GRXă�FDWHJRULL�GH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L�VWXGLD܊L�GLIHUă��$VWIHO��PRWLYD܊LD�HVWH�SHUFHSXWă�GH�DPEHOH�FDWHJRULL�FD�¿LQG�LPSRUWDQWă��OR�FXO���SHQWUX�HOHYL��ORFXO���SHQWUX�FRQVLOLHUL���$XWRFRQWUROXO��SHUFHSXW�GH�HOHYL�FD�IRDUWH�LPSRUWDQW��SR]L܊LD�����VH�DÀă�vQ�SULPD�MXPăWDWH�D�LHUDUKLHL܈�L�OD�FRQ�VLOLHUL��SR]L܊LD�����3HUVHYHUHQ܊D��vQ�WRS���OD�HOHYL��SR]L܊LD�����HVWH�PDL�GHJUDEă�FRGD܈ă�vQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�FRQVLOLHULORU��FDUH�R�SODVHD]ă�vQ�MXPăWDWHD�LQIHULRDUă�D�LHUDUKLHL��SR]L܊LD�����&UHDWLYLWDWHD�DUH�R�SHUFHSHUH�GLVRQDQWă��vQ�MXPăWDWHD�VXSHULRDUă�OD�HOHYL��SR]L܊LD�����GDU�vQ�MXPăWDWHD�LQIHULRDUă�OD�FRQVLOLHUL��SR]L܊LD����� 3HUFHS܊LD� GH� VLQH�� HVWH�� vQ� VFKLPE��PDL� GHJUDEă� FRQVRQDQWă�� DPEHOH�FDWHJRULL�SODVkQG�R�vQ�MXPăWDWHD�VXSHULRDUă��&RPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH�SDU�Vă�¿H�vQ�GLVRQDQ܊ă��FRQVLOLHULL�SODVkQG�R�SH�SULPD�SR]L܊LH�FD�LPSRUWDQ܊ă��HOH�YLL� vQVă�D܈H]kQG�R� OD�PLMORFXO�FODVDPHQWXOXL��FX�R� LPSRUWDQ܊ă�PDL�GHJUDEă�PRGHUDWă��9DORUL]DUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU� LQWHUSHUVRQDOH� HVWH�RDUHFXP�FRQVRQDQWă�vQWUH�FHOH�GRXă�FDWHJRULL�GH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L��DPEHOH�SODVkQGX�OH�vQ�]RQD�GH�PLM�ORF�D�FODVDPHQWXOXL��$QWUHSUHQRULDWXO�SDUH�Vă�¿H�FRGD܈�vQ�DPEHOH�SHUFHS܊LL��

Page 126: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

vQVă�PDUJLQDOL]DW�vQ�PDL�PDUH�PăVXUă�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHUL��5H]LOLHQ܊D�HVWH�GH�LPSRUWDQ܊ă�FHO�PXOW�PRGHUDWă�FX�XQ�X܈RU�SOXV�GH�GHYDORUL]DUH�SHQWUX�HOHYL��$ELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH�SUH]LQWă�R�FRUHODUH�SHUIHFWă��DPEHOH�FDWHJRULL�SODVkQGX�OH�SH�SHQXOWLPXO�ORF�FD�LPSRUWDQ܊ă��1X�vQ�XOWLPXO�UkQG��vQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă�H��OD�UkQGXO�HL��ELQH�FRUHODWă��DPEHOH�FDWHJRULL�SODVkQG�R�vQ�WUHLPHD�FRGD܈ă�D�FODVDPHQWXOXL�

�L�FRQVLOLHULL�VXQW�GH�DFRUG�Fă܈�DGDU��SXWHP�FRQFOX]LRQD�D¿UPkQG�Fă�HOHYLL܈$PRWLYD܊LD�� DXWRFRQWUROXO� �L܈ SHUFHS܊LD� GH� VLQH� VXQW� LPSRUWDQWH�� UHVSHFWLY� Fă�vQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��DELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH��DQWUHSUHQRULDWXO܈�L�UH]LOLHQ܊D�VXQW�PDL�SX܊LQ�LPSRUWDQWH�SHQWUX�UHX܈LWD�DFDGHPLFă܈�L�SHUVRQDOă��ÌQ�]RQHOH�GH�GH]D�FRUG��HOHYLL�YDORUL]HD]ă�PDL�PXOW�GHFkW�FRQVLOLHULL�SHUVHYHUHQ܊D܈�L�FUHDWLYLWD�WHD��GDU�YDORUL]HD]ă�PDL�SX܊LQ�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH�

Page 127: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

&DS����&RQFOX]LL�JHQHUDOH܈�L�UHFRPDQGăUL����&RQFOX]LL�JHQHUDOH&RURERUkQG�LQIRUPD܊LLOH�H[WUDVH�GH�QRL�SULQ�DQDOL]D�OLWHUDWXULL�GH�VSHFLDOLDWH�FX�GDWHOH�UH]XOWDWH�vQ�XUPD�WDQGHPXOXL�FDOLWDWLY�±�FDQWLWDWLY�DO�VWXGLLORU�LQYHV�WLJDWLYH�SURSULL��VXQWHP�vQ�PăVXUă�Vă�IRUPXOăP�OD�¿QDO�R�VHULH�GH�FRQFOX]LL�FX�FDUDFWHU�PDL�ODUJ��/H�LQVHUăP�vQ�FHOH�FH�XUPHD]ă�

���'LQ�DQDOL]OH�QRDVWUH�UHLHVH�OLPSHGH�IDSWXO�Fă��vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�LQL܊LDWLYHOH��LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��PDL�SUHFLV�WD[RQRPLD܊L�VWUDWHJLLOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܈SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH�D�DFHVWRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H��SXWHP�GLVWLQJH�XUPăWRDUHOH�WUHL�WLSXUL�

D��SURJUDPH�LPSOHPHQWDWH�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��UHJLRQDO�VDX�ORFDO�FD�SDUWH�D�VWUDWHJLLORU܈�L�SROLWLFLORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�

E��SURJUDPH�GHUXODWH�OD�LQL܊LDWLYD܈�FROLL�

F��SURJUDPH�UHDOL]DWH�L]RODW�GH�FăWUH�DQXPLWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH�

���5HIHULWRU�OD�H¿FLHQ܊D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��GDWHOH�FROHFWDWH�GH�QRL�UHOHYă�Fă�

�� 3HQWUX�D�JDUDQWD�H¿FLHQ܊D�XQRU�DVHPHQD�SURJUDPH��DWkW�GLQ�HYDOXDUHD�VWUDWHJLLORU� LQWHUQD܊LRQDOH�FkW܈�L�GLQ�DQDOL]D�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL� LGHQWL¿FD�WH�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��UH]XOWă�QHHFKLYRF�QHFHVLWDWHD�LPSOLFăULL�D�FkW�PDL�PXO܊L�DFWRUL�FKHLH��0DL�PXOW��DFH܈WLD�WUHEXLH�Vă�RSHUH]H�vQ�WDQGHP܈�L�Vă�v܈L�RIHUH�SHUPDQHQW�IHHGEDFN�UHFLSURF�vQ�WRDWH�HWDSHOH��GH�SURLHFWDUH��GH�LPSOHPHQWDUH܈�L�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�SURJUDPHORU��3ULQ�XUPDUH��H¿FLHQ܊D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�VSRUH܈WH�VHPQL�¿FDWLY�vQ�6LWXD܊LD�vQ�FDUH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�UHX܈HVF�Vă�LPSOLFH�QX�GRDU�HOHYLL��FL܈�L�SăULQ܊LL��FHOHODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH܈�L�FKLDU�FRPXQLWDWHD��&X�FkW�VXQW�PDL�PXO܊L�DFWRUL�LPSOLFD܊L��FX�DWkW�FUH܈WH�SUREDELOLWDWHD�FD�HIHF�WHOH� EHQH¿FH� DOH� SURJUDPXOXL� Vă� VH� JHQHUDOL]H]H� �L܈ Vă� VH� WUDQVIHUH�RSWLP�vQ�VLWXD܊LLOH�GLQ�YLD܊D�GH�]L�FX�]L�D�HOHYXOXL�

�� (¿FLHQ܊D� LQWHUYHQ܊LHL� HVWH� LQÀXHQ܊DWă� �L܈ GH� R� VHULH� GH� IDFWRUL�RUJDQL]D܊LRQDOL� FDUH� DF܊LRQHD]ă� vQ� PRG� LQGLUHFW�� 'LQWUH� DFH܈WLD�� R�LPSRUWDQ܊ă�DSDUWH�R�DUH�DWLWXGLQHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��LQFOXVLY�D�FRQ�VLOLHULORU�� �L܈ D� FRQGXFHULL� LQVWLWX܊LLORU� HGXFD܊LRQDOH��$VWIHO�� R� VXV܊LQHUH�DGLPLQLVWUDWLYă�GLQ�SDUWHD�PDQDJHPHQWXOXL� LQVWLWX܊LRQDO�VDX�R�FXOWXUă�RUJDQL]D܊LRQDOă�VăQăWRDVă�D܈�FROLL�SRDWH�LQÀXHQ܊D�SR]LWLY�DWLWXGLQHD܈�L�

Page 128: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

PRWLYD܊LD�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL܈�L�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��(D�VH�YD�FRQFUHWL�]D�vQ�GHPHUVXUL�GH�HODERUDUH܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDUH�D�XQRU�VWUDWHJLL�LQRYDWL�YH��GHVFKLGHUHD�ORU�VSUH�DGRSWDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�SUHH[LWHQWH��GRULQ܊D�GH�D� LQL܊LD�QRL�PHWRGH�GH� LQWHUYHQ܊LH�HWF��$FHVW� OXFUX�SRDWH�FRQWULEXL�VXEVWDQ܊LDO� OD� FUH܈WHUHD� DXWRH¿FDFLWă܊LL� FHORU� FH� LPSOHPHQWHD]ă� SUR�JUDPHOH� vQ܈�FROL��3H�GH�DOWă�SDUWH��SXWHP�DVLVWD� OD� LQÀXHQ܊H�FDUH�VH�SRW�PDQLIHVWD�ELGLUHF܊LRQDO��&DUDFWHULVWLFLOH�SHUVRQDOH�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU��ă�GH܊ă�GH�HOHYL��ID܊DWLWXGLQLOH�ORU�ID��FRODUL�VDX�DOH�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH܈JUXS� HWF�� SRW� LQÀXHQ܊D� FDOLWDWHD� SURLHFWăULL� �L܈ LPSOHPHQWăULL�� FX� HIHFW�VHPQL¿FDWLY܈�L�DVXSUD�GLPLQXăULL�GLVWUHVXOXL�FHORU�PHQ܊LRQD܊L�PDL�VXV��

�� ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�SUDFWLFLOH�VLVWHPDWLFH�GLQ�5RPkQLD��SXWHP�UHPDU�FD�Fă�H[LVWă�GRYH]L�UHVWUkQVH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�H¿FLHQ܊D�DFHVWRUD��GHDOWIHO��D܈D�FXP�DP�FRQVWDWDW��H[LVWă�SX܊LQH�LQL܊LDWLYH�FDUH�DX�FRQGXV�OD�SUR�LHFWDUHD��HODERUDUHD܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�YDOLGH��FDUH�Vă�SRUQHDVFă�GH�OD�QHYRL�UHDOH��vQ�SUHDODELO�LGHQWL¿FDWH�SULQ�VWUDWHJLL�VLVWH�PDWLFH܈�L�DYkQG�R�IXQGDPHQDWUH܈�WLLQ܊L¿Fă�VROLGă�

�� 'DFă� HYDOXăP� SDUWLFLSDUHD� DGROHVFHQ܊LORU� OD� DFWLYLWă܊L� GH� GH]YROWDUH�D� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� UH]XODWHOH� QH� LQGLFă� Fă� GRDU� ���� GLQWUH�DFH܈WLD�DX�UăVSXQV�SR]LWLY�OD�DFHDVWă�vQWUHEDUH�

�� ,HUDUKLD� LPSRUWDQ܊HL� DFRUGDWH�DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� FX�H[FHS܊LD� D�WUHL�GLQWUH�DFHVWHD��QH�UHOHYă�GLIHUHQ܊H�VHPQL¿FDWLYH�DWXQFL�FkQG�VXQW�FRPSDUDWH�SHUVSHFWLYHOH�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�FX�FHOH�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD��WUHEXLH�UHPDUFDW�IDSWXO�Fă�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�FDUH�VH�UH�JăVHVF�vQ�SULPD�MXPăWDWH�D�LHUDUKLHL�GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�DPEHORU�FDWHJRULL�GH�UHVSRQGHQ܊L�VXQW�FHOH�FDUH�SRW�¿�VXEVFULVH�DXWRFRQWUROXOXL�HPR܊LRQDO��LRQDOH܊L�FHOH�PRWLYD܈�LRQDUH܊L�FRPSRUWDPHQWDO��FHOH�GH�LQWHUUHOD܈

�� 'DFă�QH�UHIHULP�OD�SUHFRQGL܊LL�SHQWUX�RSWLPL]DUHD�VWDUDWHJLLORU�GH�GH]�YROWDUH� D� DELOLWD܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� VXQW� FkWHYD� DVSHFWH� SR]LWLYH� SH�FDUH� OH�DP� LGHQWL¿FDW܈�L�FDUH�PHULWă�Vă�¿H�PHQ܊LRQDWH�DLFL��GDWă�¿LQG�UHOHYDQ܊D�ORU�LQ�DFHVW�FRQWH[W�

�� /LWHUDWXUD� GH� VSHFLDOLWDWH� LQWHUQD܊LRQDOă� UHOHYă� IDSWXO� Fă� DWXQFL�FkQG� DX� IRVW� DSOLFDWH� VLVWHPDWLF�� LPSDFWXO� SURJUDPHORU� GH� GH]YRO�WDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� vQ� SULQFLSDO� DO� FHORU� GH� GH]YROWDUH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă�� V�D�GRYHGLW� D� ¿� XQXO�PDMRU��0DL�PXOW�� GLQ� SXQF�WXO�GH�YHGHUH�DO�DQDOL]HL�FRVWXUL�EHQH¿FLL��H[LVWă�VWXGLL�PHWDDQDOLWLFH�FDUH�DUDWă�Fă�EHQH¿FLLOH�GHSă܈HVF�VHQVLELO�FRVWXULOH��

Page 129: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

�� ÌQ�PDMRULWDWHD܊�ăULORU�FDUH�DX�WUDGL܊LH�vQ�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��DP�UHPDUFDW�Fă�IRUPDUHD�SUHDODELOă�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�VDX�D�FRQVLOLHULORU�FDUH�DSOLFă�DFHV�WH�SURJUDPH�D�FRQVWLWXLW� XQ�DVSHFW� IRDUWH� LPSRUWDQW�SHQWUX� UHX܈LWD�SURJUDPXOXL��

�� ([LVWă��GHVLJXU܈��L�R�VHULH�GH�QHDMXQVXUL�VDX�OLPLWH�DOH�SUDFWLFLORU�H[LV�WHQWH�vQ�GRPHQLXO�QRVWUX�GH�LQWHUHV��/H�IRUPXOăP��WRW�FRQFOX]LY��DLFL�

�� �D܈$ FXP� UHLHVH� GLQ� VHF܊LXQLOH� SUH]HQWXOXL� UDSRUW�� DWkW� OD� QLYHO�LQWHUQD܊LRQDO��FkW܈�L�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��HYDOXDUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU܈�L�D�SURJUD�PHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��FX�SX܊LQH�H[FHS܊LL��HVWH�vQFă�GH¿FLWDUă��ÌQ�FHOH�PDL�PXOWH�FD]XUL�HYDOXDUHD�LPSDFWXOXL�VH�IDFH�SULQ�PHWRGH�HODERUDWH�DG�KRF�IăUă�D�H[LVWD�R�VWUDWHJLH�SUHDODELOă��GH�FHOH�PDL�PXOWH�RUL�VH�UHFXUJH�OD��IHHGEDFNXO�RIHULW�GH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L��QX�PăUXO�GH�DFWLYLWă܊L�LPSOHPHQWDWH��QXPăUXO�GH�vQWkOQLUL�FX�HOHYLL��REVHU�YDUHD�RFD]LRQDOă�D�XQRU�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�OD�FODVă�HWF��$܈DGDU��GH�FHOH�PDL�PXOWH�RUL��OLSVH܈WH�R�HYDOXDUH�VLVWHPDWLFă�D�GLPHQVLXQLORU�YL]DWH�D�¿�GH]YROWDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH��

�� 8QD� GLQWUH� OLPLWHOH�PDMRUH� DOH� DFWLYLWă܊LORU� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�R�UHSUH]LQWă�GXUDWD�UHODWLY�VFXUWă�D�LPSOHPHQWăULL�DFHV�WRUD��ÌQ�SOXV��PDMRULWDWHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�VH�DSOLFă�L]RODW��IăUă�D�H[LVWD�FRQ�WLQXLWDWH�VDX�XQ�VFRS�JHQHUDO�ELQH�GH¿QLW��X܈RU�FXDQWL¿FDELO�� FDUH�Vă�JKLGH]H�H[SOLFLW� GHUXODUHD�XQHL� VXFFHVLXQL� FRHUHQWH�GH�SD܈L� FDUH� Vă�FRQGXFă��JDUDQWDW��OD�UHDOL]DUHD�OXL��

�� 5H]XOWDWHOH� DQDOL]HORU� DVXSUD� SUDFWLFLORU� FRQVLOLHULORU� �FRODUL܈ GLQ�5RPkQLD��GDU܈�L�DVXSUD�SHUVSHFWLYHL�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��DX�LOXVWUDW�IDSWXO�Fă�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��vQ�VLVWHPXO�QRVWUX�HGXFD܊LRQDO��VXQW�PDUJLQDOH��(IRUWXULOH�VH�FRQFHQWUHD]ă�vQ�FRQWLQXDUH�SULRULWDU� DVXSUD�GH]YROWăULL� DELOLWă܊LORU� FRJQLWLYH�� LDU� SURJUDPD܈�FRODUă�vQFăUFDWă܈�L� WLPSXO� OLPLWDW�DORFDW�IDF�FD�DFFHVXO�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL� OD�HOHYL�Vă�¿H�GHVWXO�GH�UHVWULFWLY܈�L�RUJDQL]DW�GH¿FLWDU��

����5HFRPDQGăUL�DGUHVDWH�DFWRULORU�UHVSRQVDELOL�GH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�DGROHVFHQ܊L��L܈�D�FXP�VH�SRDWH�OHVQH�GHGXFH��SURLHFWDUHD��LPSOHPHQWDUHD��HYDOXDUHD܈$LPSOLFLW��H¿FLHQ܊D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�SVLKR�HGXFD܊LRQDOă�SULQ�FDUH�FRQ�VLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�SRW�GH]YROWD�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�VXQW�

Page 130: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

VHQVLELO�GHSHQGHQWH�GH�DQYHUJXUD܈�L�FDOLWDWHD�LPSOLFăULL�PDL�PXOWRU�VWUXFWXUL�DFWRUL�FX� URO�FKHLH� vQ�HFKLSDUHD�VăQăWRDVă�SHQWUX�YLD܊ă�D� WLQHUHL�JHQHUD܊LL��3HQWUX�DFH܈WLD��vQ�ED]D�DQDOL]HORU܈�L�D�FHUFHWăULORU�HPSLULFH�UHDOL]DWH�GH�QRL��IRUPXOăP��vQ�FHOH�FH�XUPHD]ă��R�VHULH�GH�UHFRPDQGăUL�

$��5HFRPDQGăUL�SHQWUX�VWUXFWXUL�DÀDWH�LQ�VXERUGLQHD�GLUHFWă�D�0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH��'LUHF܊LD�GH�)RUPDUH�&RQWLQXă��,QVSHFWRUDWH���WL܈L�DO�0XQLFLSLXOXL�%XFXUH܈�HQH܊FRODUH�-XGH܇&DVH�DOH�&RUSXOXL�'LGDFWLF��&-5$(�&0%5$(�

�� )RUPDUHD� FRQWLQXă� D� FRQVLOLHULORU� �FRODUL܈ DU� WUHEXL� Vă� VH� ED]H]H� SH�H[LVWHQ܊D�XQHL�RIHUWH�VLVWHPDWLFH�GH�SURJUDPH�GH�IRUPDUH��$FHVWHD�Vă�¿H�QHDSăUDW�HODERUDWH�vQ�XUPD�XQRU�DQDOL]H�GH�QHYRL܈�L�Vă�¿H�vQ�FRQIRU�PLWDWH�FX�WHRULL��SULQFLSLL܈�L�SUDFWLFL�YDOLGDWH܈�WLLQ܊L¿F��3URLHFWDUHD�ORU��SULQ�FRQ܊LQXW� �L܊L�PRGDOLWD܈ GH� LPSOHPHQWDUH�� Vă� UDVSXQGă� XQRU� QHFHVLWă܊L�UHDOH� GH� VWUDWHJLL�� WHKQLFL� �L܈ DFWLYLWă܊L� QHFHVDUH� FRQVLOLHULORU� �FRODUL܈ vQ�SURFHVXO�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�DGROHVFHQ܊L��

�� ,PSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH�vQ�VLVWHPXO�QRVWUX�HGXFD܊LRQDO�Vă�¿H�ED]DWH�SH�R�VWUDWHJLH�R¿FLDOă�SUHVWDELOLWă��$FHVW�OXFUX�VH�SRDWH�UHDOL]D�SULQ� LQWHUPHGLXO� VWUXFWXULORU� VXERUGRQDWH�GLUHFW�0(1��SUHFXP�,QVSHFWRUDWHORU܈�FRODUH�&DVHORU�&RUSXOXL�'LGDFWLF�VDX�H[WHUQDOL]DW�� vQ�ED]D�XQHL� FRODERUăUL� FX� IXUQL]RULL� GH�FXUVXUL� GLQ�DOWH� LQVWLWX܊LL� SXEOLFH�VDX�SULYDWH�

�� 0RQLWRUL]DUHD܈�L� HYDOXDUHD�VLVWHPDWLFă�D� IXUQL]RULORU�GH� IRUPDUH܈�L� D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH�LPSOHPHQWDWH�SULQ�&DVHOH�&RUSXULORU�'LGDFWLF��,QVSHFWRUDWH� �FRODUH܇ VDX� DOWH� LQVWLWX܊LL�21*�XUL� DFUHGLWDWH� GH� FăWUH�0(1�VDX�GH�FăWUH�&ROHJLXO�3VLKRORJLORU�GLQ�5RPkQLD��H[��DVRFLD܊LL�SUR�IHVLRQDOH��VRFLHWă܊L�FRPHUFLDOH��FDELQHWH�HWF��vQ�FDOLWDWH�GH�IXUQL]RUL�

�� ,QFOXGHUHD� XQRU� UHIHULUL� H[SOLFLWH� OD� DELOLWă܊LOH� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� �L܈PRGDOLWă܊LOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DFHVWRUD�vQ�GH]EDWHULOH܈�L�GRFXPHQWHOH�GLQ�FDGUXO� LQL܊LDWLYHL�$GPLQLVWUD܊LHL�3UH]LGHQ܊LDOH��5RPkQLD�(GXFDWă������� $FHVW� OXFUX� DU� RULHQWD� DWHQ܊LD� VSUH� SUREOHPDWLFD� DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� �L܈ DU� VHQVLELOL]D�DFWRULL� UHOHYDQ܊L� GLQ�HGXFD܊LH�� GDU� �L܈RSLQLD�SXEOLFă��VSRULQG�DVWIHO܈�DQVHOH�GH�VXFFHV�DOH�VWUDWHJLHL��

�� 3UHOXDUHD� XQRU� PRGHOH� FXUULFXODUH� LQWHUQD܊LRQDOH� FRQVDFUDWH� �L܈DGDSWDUHD�ORU�OD�VSHFL¿FXO�vQYă܊DPkQWXOXL�URPkQHVF��0DL�SUHFLV��LQ�WHJUDUHD� vQ� FXUULFXOXPXO� DFDGHPLF� H[LVWHQW� D� XQRU� GLVFLSOLQH�WHPH�

Page 131: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

FDUH� YL]HD]ă� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� YDORUL¿FkQG� SH�DFHDVWă�FDOH��vQ�PRG�LPSOLFLW��FkWHYD�GLQWUH�SULQFLSLLOH�HVHQ܊LDOH�FDUH�IDYRUL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�DFHVWRU�DELOLWă܊L��1H� UHIHULP�DLFL� OD�� SULQFL�SLXO�FRQWLQXLWă܊LL܈�L�FRQVLVWHQ܊HL��SULQFLSLXO�LQWHUGHSHQGHQ܊HL�DELOLWă܊LORU�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�D�FHORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��SULQFLSLXO�LQWHUUHOD܊LHL�GLQWUH�GLYHU܈L�IDFWRUL�DL�VLVWHPXOXL�HGXFD܊LRQDO�

&RQFHSHUHD�XQXL� VLVWHP�GH�¿QDQ܊DUH� �ED]DW�SH�JUDQWXUL��SHQWUX�D�VXV܊LQH�LPSOHPHQWDUHD܈�L�HYDOXDUHD�LPSDFWXOXL�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]�YROWDUH�D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��$FHVWD�VH�SRDWH�DGUHVD�GL�UHFW܈�FROLORU�FDUH�GRUHVF�Vă�HODERUH]H܈�L�VDX�Vă�LPSOHPHQWH]H�DQX�PLWH�SURJUDPH��8Q�H[HPSOX�EXQ܈�L�XWLO��vQ�DFHVW�VHQV��vO�UHSUH]LQWă�3URLHFWXOXL� SULYLQG� ÌQYă܊ăPkQWXO� 6HFXQGDU� GLQ� 5RPkQLD� �526(���LPSOHPHQWDW�GH�0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH܈�L�&HUFHWăULL�ùWLLQ܊L¿FH�vQ�SDUWHQHULDW�FX�%DQFD�0RQGLDOă��5HFRQFHSWXDOL]DUHD�VWDWXWXOXL܈�L�UROXOXL� FRQVLOLHUXOXL� �FRODU��SRUQLQG�GH܈ OD�QHYRLOH� UHDOH�H[LVWHQWH� vQ�VLVWHPXO�QRVWUX�HGXFD܊LRQDO��ÌQ�DFHVW�VHQV��FUH܈WHUHD�QXPăUXOXL�FRQ�VLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�GLQ�VLVWHP�� IDFLOLWDUHD� IRUPăULL�FRQWLQXH�D�DFHVWRUD��FODUL¿FDUHD�UROXOXL�DFHVWRUD��DVLJXUDUHD�ORJLVWLFLL܈�L�D�LQVWUXPHQWHORU�QHFHVDUH�GHVIă܈XUăULL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�FH�UHYLQ�FRQVLOLHUXOXL��VXQW�DVSHFWH�FH�QHFHVLWă�R�DWHQ܊LH�GHRVHELWă�

K��,QFOXGHUHD܈�L�IDFLOLWDUHD�DFFHVXOXL�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�SH�SODWIRUPHOH�RQOLQH�DOH�vQYă܊ăWRULORU��SURIHVRULORU�XQGH�SRW�JăVL�FHQWUDOL]DW�LQVWUXPHQWH܈�L�PDWHUL�DOH�VSHFL¿FH�

L��5HDOL]DUHD�XQXL�SDUWHQHULDW�HGXFD܊LRQDO�UHDO�FX�SăULQ܊LL�vQ�FDGUXO�LQL܊LDWLYHORU�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�DOH�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��ÌQ� DFHVW� VHQV�� LQWURGXFHUHD� SULQ� 2UGLQH� GH� 0LQLVWUX� D� XQRU� SURJUDPH� GH�HGXFD܊LH� SDUHQWDOH�� FX� VFRSXO� VHQVLELOL]ăULL� IDPLOLORU� GLQ� FDUH� SURYLQ� DFH܈WL�HOHYL�FX�SULYLUH�OD�SUREOHPDWLFD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��DU�SXWHD�vPEXQăWă܊L�HIHFWXO�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�UHDOL]DWH�

M��5HDOL]DUHD�XQHL�UH܊HOH�IXQF܊LRQDOH�D�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�FDUH�Vă�LQFOXGă܈�L�DO܊L�VSHFLDOL܈WL�H[WHUQL��H[��SVLKRORJL�FX�OLEHUă�SUDFWLFă��DVLVWHQ܊L�VRFLDOL��FRQVL�OLHUL�YRFD܊LRQDOL�HWF���GDU܈�L�D�XQRU�VWXGHQ܊L�PDVWHUDQ]L�GLQ�FDGUXO�IDFXOWă܊LORU�GH� SUR¿O� FDUH� GH܊LQ� FRPSHWHQ܊H� vQ� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��$FHDVWD� DU� VXV܊LQH� VFKLPEXO� GH� EXQH� SUDFWLFL� �L܈ SRDWH� FRQVWLWXL� R� VROX܊LH�SHQWUX�FUH܈WHUHD�QXPăUXOXL�GH�SURJUDPH܈�L�DFWLYLWă܊L�YDOLGDWH��LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ܈�FRDOă�

�� (VWH� QHFHVDUă� R� DERUGDUH� LQWHUVHFWRULDOă� FDUH� Vă� IDFLOLWH]H� GH]YRO�WDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� vQ� FD]XO� WLQHULORU� �L܈ FRSLLORU� YXOQHUDELOL��

Page 132: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

$FHDVWD� V�DU� SXWHD� FRQVWLWXL� vQWU�R� VWUDWHJLH�GH� LQIRUPDUH� �L܈ IRUPDUH�LQWHJUDWă�D�WXWXURU�VSHFLDOL܈WLORU܈�L�D�SăULQ܊LORU�vQ�YHGHUHD�VHQVLELOL]ăULL�DFHVWRUD�FX�SULYLUH�OD�UROXO�SURWHFWRU�DO�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�ID܊D�YXOQHUDELOLWă܊LORU�

%��5HFRPDQGăUL�DGUHVDWH�LQVWLWX܊LLORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH

8QLYHUVLWă܊L�� $FWXDOL]DUHD� SODQXULORU� GH� vQYă܊DPkQW� DOH� SURJUDPHORU� DGUHVDWH� IRU�PăULL� LQL܊LDOH� D� FRQVLOLHULORU� �FRODUL܈ �L܈ FDGUHORU� GLGDFWLFH��$FHVWHD� SRW�LQFOXGH�XQ�QXPăU�VHPQL¿FDWLY�PDL�ULGLFDW�GH�GLVFLSOLQH�FDUH�Vă�DFRSH�UH�GRPHQLXO�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��(VWH�UHFRPDQGDWă�LQWURGXFHUHD�XQRU�DVWIHO�GH�FXUVXUL��vQ�SULPXO�UkQG��vQ�FXUULFXOXP�XO�GH�IRUPDUH��GH�OD�QLYHO�OLFHQ܊ă܈�L�PDVWHUDW��D�YLLWRULORU�VSHFLDOL܈WL�vQ�HGXFD܊LH܈�L�VăQăWDWH�PHQWDOă��SVLKRORJL��VRFLRORJL��DVLVWHQ܊L�VRFLDOL��PHGLFL��FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH���

�� /D� QLYHOXO� SURJUDPHORU�PDVWHUDOH� DGUHVDWH� YLLWRULORU� FRQVLOLHUL� �FRODUL܈VH� UHFRPDQGă� R� SRQGHUH�PDL� FUHVFXWă� D� GLVFLSOLQHORU� FDUH� Vă� DLEH�FD� ¿QDOLWDWH� IRUPDUHD� XQRU� FRPSHWHQ܊H� FDUH� Vă� IDFLOLWH]H� LPSOLFDUHD�H¿FLHQWă� D� DEVROYHQ܊LORU� vQ� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��0DL�VSHFL¿F��HVWH�YRUED�GHVSUH��D��FRPSHWHQ܊H�VSHFL¿FH�GH�HODERUDUH��LP�SOHPHQWDUH܈�L�HYDOXDUH�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă��E��FRPSHWHQ܊H�WUDQVYHUVDOH��GH�FRPXQLFDUH��GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�VWUH�VXOXL�� GH� UH]ROYDUH� GH� SUREOHPH�� GH� OXDUH� D� GHFL]LORU� HWF�� QHFHVDUH�VSHFLDOL܈WLORU�FRQVLOLHUL��$܈D�FXP�DP�GLVFXWDW� vQ�VHF܊LXQLOH�DQWHULRDUH��FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL�DX�UDSRUWDW�R�QHYRLH�GHVWXO�GH�FUHVFXWă�GH�GH]YROWDUH�vQ�FDGUXO�IRUPăULL�ORU�LQL܊LDOH܈�L�FRQWLQXH�D�XQRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H�WUDQVYHUVD�OH��6XQW�VROLFLWDWH��SULRULWDU��FRPSHWHQ܊H�GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�JUXSXOXL��GH�SR]L܊LRQDUH�VWUDWHJLFă�vQ�UDSRUW�FX�VWDNHKROGHULL�UHOHYDQ܊L�GLQ�HGXFD܊LH���H�GH�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�VWUHVXOXL�GH]YROWDW�vQ�FRQWH[WH܊L�FKLDU�FRPSHWHQ܈HGXFD܊LRQDOH�

�� &RPSHWHQWH�VLPLODUH�VXQW�QHFHVDUH�vQ�SODQXULOH�GH�vQYă܊DPkQW�DOH�WXWX�URU�SURJUDPHORU�DFDGHPLFH�FDUH�DVXPă�IRUPDUHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�GH�OD�GLIHULWH�VSHFLDOL]ăUL��$VWIHO��vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�IRUPDUHD�LQL܊LDOă�D�FD�GUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��'HSDUWDPHQWHOH�GH�3UHJăWLUH�D�3HUVRQDOXOXL�'LGDFWLF�SRW�DVLJXUD�R�UHIRUPă�FXUULFXODUă�FHQWUDWă�SH�VWUDWHJLLOH�SULQ�FDUH�VH�SRW�GH]YROWD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

,QVWLWX܊LLOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�GLQ�vQYă܊ăPkQWXO�SUHXQLYHUVLWDU�� ,QVWLWX܊LLOH� HGXFD܊LRQDOH� Vă� HODERUH]H� �L܈ LPSOHPHQWH]H� SURJUDPH� GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� OD�FRSLL� �L�SH܊L�DGROHVFHQ܈ WRDWă�

Page 133: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

SHULRDGD�GH܈�FRODUL]DUH�D�DFHVWRUD��$FHVWH�SURJUDPH�SRW�¿�LPSOHPHQ�WDWH� vQ܈�FROL�FX�DMXWRUXO�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�L�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��GDU܈�L�GH�FăWUH�RUJDQL]D܊LLOH�QRQ�JXYHUQDPHQWDOH��FDUH�FRODERUHD]ă�FX� LQVSHF�WRUDWHOH܈�FRODUH�

�� 'H]YROWDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH� IRUPDUH�SURIHVLRQDOă�FRQWLQXă�FX�DF�FHQW� DVXSUD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� GHGLFDWH� SHUVRQDOXOXL� GLGDFWLF�FRQVLOLHULORU� ��FRODUL܈ (VWH� UHFRPDQGDW� FD� IRUPDUHD� Vă� VH� IRFDOL]H]H�DVXSUD��LPSRUWDQ܊HL܈�L�SULQFLSLLORU�GH�UHDOL]DUH�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YRO�WDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��SULQFLSLLOH�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�SURJUDPHORU܈��L�VWUDWHJLL�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUH�DGDSWDWH�¿HFăUXL�JUXS܊�LQWă��

�� 5HDOL]DUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�ÀH�[LELOH�FDUH�Vă�SRDWă�¿�SHUPDQHQW�DGDSWDWH�OD�QHYRLOH�JUXSXOXL܊�LQWă��OD�VSHFL¿FXO܈�FROLL܈�L�FRPXQLWă܊LL�

�� 3URLHFWDUHD܈�L� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�HODERUDWH� vQ�ED]D�XQRU�SDUDGLJPH܈�WLLQ܊L¿FH�FRQVDFUDWH��$FHVWHD�Vă�LQFOXGă�DERUGăUL�FDUH�vP�ELQă�VWUDWHJLL�FHQWUDWH�SH�FRJQL܊LL��HPR܊LL��FRPSRUWDPHQWH�FX�FHOH�IRFD�OL]DWH�DVXSUD�IDFWRULORU�GLQ�PHGLXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO��'LQ�DQDOL]HOH�QRDVWUH��FRURERUDWH�FX�HYDOXăUL�VLPLODUH��VH�SDUH�Fă�vQ܈�FROLOH�GLQ�5RPkQLD�QX�PăUXO�XQRU�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH�HVWH�UHODWLY�UHGXV��ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRQGL܊LLOH�GH�DSOLFDUH��XQ�DVSHFW�GH�FDUH�DU�WUHEXL܊�LQXW�VHDPD�vQ�SURLHF�WDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�HVWH�DVLJXUDUHD�¿GHOLWă܊LL܈�L�YDOLGLWă܊LL�DFHVWRUD��DVWIHO�vQFkW�Vă�SRDWă�¿�DGDSWDWH܈�L�UHSOLFDWH�FX�VXFFHV�

�� (YDOXDUHD�H¿FLHQ܊HL�SURJUDPHORU�GHUXODWH�Vă�VH�UHDOL]H]H�vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�LQGLFLL� GH�YDOLGLWDWH� �L܈ ¿GHOLWDWH�DL� DFHVWRUD��$VWIHO�� HYDOXDUHD�SURJUD�PHORU�Vă�DSHOH]H�OD�vQWUHEăUL܈�L�VWUDWHJLL�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�DQDOL]D�QLYHOXOXL�GH�DFKL]L܊LH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�SH�FDUH�SURJUDPXO�v܈L�SURSXQH�Vă�OH�GH]YROWH��(VWH�UHFRPDQGDW��GH�DVHPHQHD��FD�HYDOXDUHD�Vă�VH�IDFă�DSHOkQG�OD�PDL�PXOWH� VXUVH�� REVHUYD܊LH� VLVWHPDWLFă�� XWLOL]DUHD� XQRU� LQVWUXPHQWH�VWDQGDUG� SHQWUX� UDSRUWDUH� GLQ� SDUWHD� SăULQ܊LORU�� D� FDGUHORU� GLGDFWLFH��DXWRUDSRUWDUH�HWF�

&��5HFRPDQGăUL�SHQWUX�81,&()

�� 81,&()�SRDWH�MXFD�XQ�URO�HVHQ܊LDO�vQ�FDOLWDWH�GH�IDFLOLWDWRU�DO�SURPRYăULL�XQRU�SURJUDPH�H¿FLHQWH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�D�SUDFWLFLORU�UHOHYDQWH�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL��0DL�H[DFW��81,&()�SRDWH�IDFLOLWD܈�L�FRQWULEXL�VXEVWDQ܊LDO� OD�FUHDUHD�XQHL�VWUDWHJLL�QD܊LRQDOH�FRH�UHQWH�FDUH�Vă�DVXPH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�FDUH�Vă�

Page 134: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

vQFRUSRUH]H�EXQHOH�SUDFWLFL�LGHQWL¿FDWH܈�L�VXV܊LQXWH�GH�GRYH]L�HPSLULFH��ÌQ�ED]D�SDUWHQHULDWHORU�LQVWLWX܊LRQDOH�FX�0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH��81,&()�SRDWH�FRQWULEXL� OD�PRQLWRUL]DUHD܈�L� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�VWUDWHJLHL�SURSXVH�SHQWUX�D�DVLJXUD�FRHUHQ܊D�DFHVWHLD܈�L�IHHGEDFN�XO�GLQ�SUDFWLFă�

�� 81,&()�SRDWH�SUHOXD�UROXO�GH�OLGHU�vQ�RUJDQL]DUHD�GH]EDWHULORU�FX�SULYL�UH�OD�VWDWXWXO܈�L�UROXO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU܈�L�IDFLOLWDUHD�vPEXQăWă܊LULL�DFHV�WXLD��0DL�VSHFL¿F��81,&()��LQYRFkQG�GDWH�GLQ�SUH]HQWXO�UDSRUW��GDU܈�L�GLQ�DOWHOH�VLPLODUH��DU�SXWHD�DWUDJH�DWHQ܊LD�DVXSUD�QXPăUXOXL�VFă]XW�DO�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��D�YROXPXOXL�IRDUWH�PDUH�GH�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�DURQGD܊L�XQXL�FRQVLOLHU��DVXSUD�VXSUDvQFăUFăULL�SURJUDPXOXL�DFHVWRUD��D�QHFHVLWă܊LL�GH�D�UHFRQVLGHUD�UROXO܈�L�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWLOH�FRQVL�OLHUXOXL܈�FRODU�vQ�VLVWHPXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�URPkQHVF�HWF��

�� 81,&()��SULQ�UH܊HDXD�GH�SDUWHQHUL��EHQH¿FLDUL܈�L�SULQ�DFFHVXO� IDFLO� OD�RSLQLD�SXEOLFă��SRDWH�FRQWULEXL�OD�R�GLVHPLQDUH�ODUJă܈�L�GH�PDUH�LPSDFW�FX� SULYLUH� OD� EXQHORU� SUDFWLFL� vQ� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��$FHVWHD�SRW� LQFOXGH�GLYHUVH� LQL܊LDWLYH��GH� OD�FHOH� LPSOHPHQWDWH� L]RODW�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHULL܈�FRODUL��SkQă�OD�FHOH�LPSOHPHQWDWH�OD�QLYHO�QDWLRQDO�vQ�FDGUXO�XQRU�SURLHFWH�VWUDWHJLFH���H[��3URLHFWXO�SULYLQG�ÌQYă܊ăPkQWXO�6HFXQGDU�GLQ�5RPkQLD��526(��� LPSOHPHQWDW�GH�0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�1D܊LRQDOH܈�L�&HUFHWăULL�ùWLLQ܊L¿FH�vQ�SDUWHQHULDW�FX�%DQFD�0RQGLDOă��

Page 135: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

5HIHULQ܊H$GHOPDQ��+��6����7D\ORU��/����������2Q�6XVWDLQDELOLW\�RI�3URMHFW�,QQRYDWLRQV�DV�6\VWHPLF�&KDQJH��Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation����������±����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������6�������;-(3&����B��

$OYRUG�� 0�� .��� � *UDGRV�� -�� -�� �������� (QKDQFLQJ� 5HVLOLHQFH� LQ� &KLOGUHQ��$� 3URDFWLYH� $SSURDFK�� 3URIHVVLRQDO� 3V\FKRORJ\�� 5HVHDUFK� DQG� 3UDFWLFH������������±����

$QGHUVRQ�3�$VVHVVPHQW�DQG�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�H[HFXWLYH�IXQFWLRQ��()��GXULQJ�FKLOGKRRG����������&KLOG�1HXURSV\FKRORJ\���������±���

$UiQ�)LOLSSHWWL�� 9��� � 0LQ]L�� 0�� &�� 5�� GH�� ��������$� 6WUXFWXUDO�$QDO\VLV� RI�([HFXWLYH� )XQFWLRQV� DQG� 6RFLRHFRQRPLF� 6WDWXV� LQ� 6FKRRO�$JH� &KLOGUHQ��&RJQLWLYH�)DFWRUV�DV�(IIHFW�0HGLDWRUV��7KH�-RXUQDO�RI�*HQHWLF�3V\FKRORJ\�������������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�����������������������������

%DUUHWW��$��0�������D���&DSWXULQJ�WKH�GLIIpUDQFH��3ULPDU\�VFKRRO�WHDFKHU�LGHQ�WLW\� LQ� 7DQ]DQLD�� International Journal of Educational Development������������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�LMHGXGHY������������

%DUUHWW��$��0�������E���&DSWXULQJ�WKH�GLIIpUDQFH��3ULPDU\�VFKRRO�WHDFKHU�LGHQ�WLW\� LQ� 7DQ]DQLD�� International Journal of Educational Development������������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�LMHGXGHY������������

%HELURJOX��1���*HOGKRI��*��-���3LQGHUKXJKHV��(��(���3KHOSV��(����/HUQHU��5��0����������)URP�IDPLO\�WR�VRFLHW\��7KH�UROH�RI�SHUFHLYHG�SDUHQWLQJ�EHKDYLRUV�LQ�SURPRWLQJ�\RXWK�FLYLF�HQJDJHPHQW��3DUHQWLQJ������������±���

%HUWHD�� 2SUH�� 2SUH�� 3LQWHD�� 3HWUDFKH�� ������� ¬� /D� 5HFKHUFKH� '¶XQH�7D[RQRPLH� 3RXU� /H� %LHQ�(WUH� 'DQV� /¶HQVHLJQHPHQW� 3UH�8QLYHUVLWDLUH� (Q�5RXPDQLH��/H�%LHQ�HWUH�GDQV�O¶(GXFDWLRQ��:HOO�EHLQJ�LQ�(GXFDWLRQ��6RUERQD���±��RFW������

%HOODP\��5����������&LWL]HQVKLS��$�9HU\�6KRUW�,QWURGXFWLRQ��1HZ�<RUN��2[IRUG�8QLYHUVLW\�3UHVV�,QF��

%ORFN��-��+���%ORFN��-����������9HQWXULQJ�D����\HDU�ROG�ORQJLWXGLQDO�VWXG\��American Psychologist 61�����±����

%RQJ��0����6NDDOYLN��(��0����������$FDGHPLF�6HOI�&RQFHSWDQG�6HOI�(I¿FDF\��+RZ�'LIIHUHQW�$UH�7KH\�5HDOO\"�(GXFDWLRQDO�3V\FKRORJ\�5HYLHZ�������±���

Page 136: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

%RUJKDQV�� /��� 'XFNZRUWK�� $�� /��� +HFNPDQ�� -�� -��� � :HHO�� %�� WHU�� ��������7KH� (FRQRPLFV� DQG� 3V\FKRORJ\� RI� 3HUVRQDOLW\� 7UDLWV�� -RXUQDO� RI� +XPDQ�Resources������������±������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������MKU���������

%R\FH��*���:LOOLDPV��6���.HOO\��$����<HH��+����������)RVWHULQJ�GHHS�DQG�HOD�ERUDWLYH� OHDUQLQJ�DQG�JHQHULF� �VRIW��VNLOO�GHYHORSPHQW�� WKH�VWUDWHJLF�XVH�RI�FDVH�VWXGLHV�LQ�DFFRXQWLQJ�HGXFDWLRQ��Accounting Education��10�������±����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�����������������������

%URRNV�*XQQ��-����'XQFDQ��*��-����������7KH�(IIHFWV�RI�3RYHUW\�RQ�&KLOGUHQ��7KH�)XWXUH�RI�&KLOGUHQ����������±����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ����������������

%XUFKLQDO�� 0DUJDUHW�� +RZHV�� &DUROOHH�� 3LDQWD�� 5REHUW� &��� HW� DO��� �������'HYHORSPHQW� RI� DFDGHPLF� VNLOOV� IURP� SUHVFKRRO� WKURXJK� VHFRQG� JUDGH��)DPLO\� DQG� FODVVURRP�SUHGLFWRUV� RI� GHYHORSPHQWDO� WUDMHFWRULHV��Journal of 6FKRRO�3V\FKRORJ\������������±���

%XUUXV�� -��� � %UHQQHPDQ�� 0�� �������� 3V\FKRVRFLDO� 6NLOOV�� (VVHQWLDO�&RPSRQHQWV� RI� 'HYHORSPHQW� DQG�$FKLHYHPHQW� LQ� .����� ÌQ� Psychosocial Skills and School Systems in the 21st Century��SS���±�����6SULQJHU��&KDP��KWWSV���GRL�RUJ��������������������������B�

%X]JDU��5���'XPXOHVFX��'����2SUH��$����������(PRWLRQDO�DQG�6RFLDO�3UREOHPV�LQ� 3ULPDU\� 6FKRRO� &KLOGUHQ�� $� 1DWLRQDO� 6FUHHQLQJ� 3URJUDP�� Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences�� ���� ���±����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�VEVSUR������������

&DOGDUHOOD�� 3��� &KULVWHQVHQ�� /��� .UDPHU�� 7�� -��� � .URQPLOOHU�� .�� ��������3URPRWLQJ� 6RFLDO� DQG� (PRWLRQDO� /HDUQLQJ� LQ� 6HFRQG� *UDGH� 6WXGHQWV�� $�6WXG\�RI� WKH�6WURQJ�6WDUW�&XUULFXOXP��Early Childhood Education Journal�����������±����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������V����������������

&DPSRV�� %�� 3��� � 0HQH]HV�� ,�� �������� 3HUVRQDO� DQG� 6RFLDO� (GXFDWLRQ�LQ� 3RUWXJDO�� Journal of Moral Education�� ������� ���±����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�������������������������

&DSUDUD�� *�� 9��� %DUEDUDQHOOL�� &��� 3DVWRUHOOL�� &��� %DQGXUD�� $��� �=LPEDUGR�� 3�� *�� �������� 3URVRFLDO� IRXQGDWLRQV� RI� FKLOGUHQ¶V� DFDGH�PLF� DFKLHYHPHQW�� Psychological Science�� 11����� ���±����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ������������������������

Page 137: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

&DVH\�� %�� M��� -RQHV�� 5�� 0��� � +DUH�� 7��$�� �������� 7KH�$GROHVFHQW� %UDLQ��$QQDOV�RI�WKH�1HZ�<RUN�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV��������������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������DQQDOV���������

&DVQHU�/RWWR��-����%DUULQJWRQ��/����������$UH�7KH\�5HDOO\�5HDG\�WR�:RUN"�(PSOR\HUV¶�3HUVSHFWLYHV�RQ�WKH�%DVLF�.QRZOHGJH�DQG�$SSOLHG�6NLOOV�RI�1HZ�(QWUDQWV�WR�WKH���VW�&HQWXU\�8�6��:RUNIRUFH��3DUWQHUVKLS�IRU���VW�&HQWXU\�6NLOOV��3UHOXDW�vQ�GLQ�KWWSV���HULF�HG�JRY�"LG ('������

&DVWLOOR��5���6DOJXHUR��-��0���)HUQiQGH]�%HUURFDO��3����%DOOXHUND��1����������(IIHFWV�RI�DQ�HPRWLRQDO�LQWHOOLJHQFH�LQWHUYHQWLRQ�RQ�DJJUHVVLRQ�DQG�HPSDWK\�DPRQJ� DGROHVFHQWV�� Journal of Adolescence�� ������� ���±����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�DGROHVFHQFH������������

&HIDL��&���&RRSHU��3����������7KH�LQWURGXFWLRQ�RI�QXUWXUH�JURXSV�LQ�0DOWHVH�VFKRROV��D�PHWKRG�RI�SURPRWLQJ�LQFOXVLYH�HGXFDWLRQ��British Journal of Special (GXFDWLRQ�����������±����GRL����������M����������������������[

&KXQJ��6����0F%ULGH��$��0����������6RFLDO�DQG�HPRWLRQDO�OHDUQLQJ�LQ�PLGGOH�VFKRRO� FXUULFXOD��$� VHUYLFH� OHDUQLQJ�PRGHO� EDVHG� RQ� SRVLWLYH� \RXWK� GHYH�ORSPHQW�� &KLOGUHQ� DQG� <RXWK� 6HUYLFHV� 5HYLHZ�� ���� ���±����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�FKLOG\RXWK������������

&ULVWHD��,��$���%HQJD��2���2SUH��$����������7KH�&RPSDUDWLYH�(I¿FLHQF\�RI�D�5DWLRQDO�(PRWLYH�(GXFDWLRQDO�,QWHUYHQWLRQ�IRU�$Q[LHW\�LQ��UG�*UDGH�&KLOGUHQ��$Q� $QDO\VLV� RI� 5HOHYDQW� 'HYHORSPHQWDO� &RQVWUDLQWV�� &RJQLWLRQ�� %UDLQ��%HKDYLRU������������±����

&XQKD�� )��� � +HFNPDQ�� -�� �������� 7KH� 7HFKQRORJ\� RI� 6NLOO� )RUPDWLRQ

�:RUNLQJ�3DSHU�1R����������1DWLRQDO�%XUHDX�RI�(FRQRPLF�5HVHDUFK��KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������Z�����

&XQKD��)����+HFNPDQ��-��-����������)RUPXODWLQJ��,GHQWLI\LQJ�DQG�(VWLPDWLQJ�WKH�7HFKQRORJ\� RI�&RJQLWLYH� DQG�1RQFRJQLWLYH�6NLOO� )RUPDWLRQ�� Journal of +XPDQ�5HVRXUFHV������������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������MKU���������

&ROHPDQ��3��.����������3HUFHSWLRQV�RI�SDUHQW�FKLOG�DWWDFKPHQW��VRFLDO�VHOI�HI¿FDF\��DQG�SHHU�UHODWLRQVKLSV�LQ�PLGGOH�FKLOGKRRG��,QI��&KLOG�'HYHORS������ ���±�����GRL���������LFG����

&ROOH��/��DQG�'HO�*LXGLFH��0����������3DWWHUQV�RI�$WWDFKPHQW�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�&RPSHWHQFH� LQ� 0LGGOH� &KLOGKRRG�� 6RFLDO� 'HYHORSPHQW�� ����� ��±����GRL���������M����������������������[

Page 138: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

'DPVJDDUG��0��7���+ROVWHLQ��%��(���.RXVKHGH��9���0DGVHQ��.��5���0HLOVWUXS��&���1HODXVHQ��0��.���«5D\FH��6��%����������&ORVH�UHODWLRQV�WR�SDUHQWV�DQG�HPRWLRQDO� V\PSWRPV� DPRQJ� DGROHVFHQWV�� EH\RQG� VRFLR�HFRQRPLF� LP�SDFW"� ,QWHUQDWLRQDO� -RXUQDO� RI� 3XEOLF� +HDOWK�� ������� ���±����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������V����������������

'LHNVWUD��5�� )��:�� ��������7KH�3UHYHQWLRQ� RI� 6XLFLGDO� %HKDYLRU�� (YLGHQFH�IRU� WKH� (I¿FDF\� RI� &OLQLFDO� DQG�&RPPXQLW\�EDVHG�3URJUDPV�� International -RXUQDO�RI�0HQWDO�+HDOWK��21�������±����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�������������������������������

'RPLWURYLFK��&��(���%UDGVKDZ��&��3���3RGXVND��-��0���+RDJZRRG��.���%XFNOH\��-��$���2OLQ�� 6���«� ,DORQJR�� 1�� 6�� �����D���0D[LPL]LQJ� WKH� ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ�4XDOLW\�RI�(YLGHQFH�%DVHG�3UHYHQWLYH�,QWHUYHQWLRQV�LQ�6FKRROV��$�&RQFHSWXDO�)UDPHZRUN��$GYDQFHV�LQ�6FKRRO�0HQWDO�+HDOWK�3URPRWLRQ��1������±����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ����������������;�������������

'RPLWURYLFK��&��(���%UDGVKDZ��&��3���3RGXVND��-��0���+RDJZRRG��.���%XFNOH\��-�� $��� 2OLQ�� 6��� «,DORQJR�� 1�� 6�� �����E��� 0D[LPL]LQJ� WKH� ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ�4XDOLW\�RI�(YLGHQFH�%DVHG�3UHYHQWLYH�,QWHUYHQWLRQV�LQ�6FKRROV��$�&RQFHSWXDO�)UDPHZRUN��Advances in school mental health promotion��1������±���

'RPLWURYLFK��&��(���%UDGVKDZ��&��3���3RGXVND��-��0���+RDJZRRG��.���%XFNOH\��-��$��� 2OLQ�� 6���«� ,DORQJR�� 1�� 6�� �����F���0D[LPL]LQJ� WKH� ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ�4XDOLW\�RI�(YLGHQFH�%DVHG�3UHYHQWLYH�,QWHUYHQWLRQV�LQ�6FKRROV��$�&RQFHSWXDO�)UDPHZRUN��Advances in school mental health promotion��1������±���

'RPLWURYLFK��&��(���'XUODN��-��$���6WDOH\��.��&����:HLVVEHUJ��5��3����������6RFLDO�(PRWLRQDO�&RPSHWHQFH��$Q�(VVHQWLDO�)DFWRU� IRU�3URPRWLQJ�3RVLWLYH�$GMXVWPHQW� DQG� 5HGXFLQJ� 5LVN� LQ� 6FKRRO� &KLOGUHQ�� Child Development������������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������FGHY������

'UDFLQVFKL��0��&����������7KH�'HYHORSPHQW�RI�6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�$ELOLWLHV�RI�3ULPDU\�6FKRRO�&KLOGUHQ��Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences���������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�VEVSUR������������

'XFNZRUWK��$��/���4XLQQ��3��'����7VXND\DPD��(����������:KDW�1R�&KLOG�/HIW�%HKLQG�OHDYHV�EHKLQG��7KH�UROHV�RI�,4�DQG�VHOI�FRQWURO�LQ�SUHGLFWLQJ�VWDQGDU�GL]HG�DFKLHYHPHQW�WHVW�VFRUHV�DQG�UHSRUW�FDUG�JUDGHV��Journal of Educational 3V\FKRORJ\�������������±�����

'XFNZRUWK�� $�� /�� � <HDJHU�� '�� 6�� �������� 0HDVXUHPHQW� 0DWWHUV��$VVHVVLQJ�3HUVRQDO�4XDOLWLHV�2WKHU�7KDQ�&RJQLWLYH�$ELOLW\� IRU�(GXFDWLRQDO�

Page 139: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

3XUSRVHV�� Educational Researcher�� ������� ���±����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ����������������;��������

'XUODN�� -��$���:HLVVEHUJ��5��3����3DFKDQ��0�� ��������$�0HWD�$QDO\VLV� RI�$IWHU�6FKRRO� 3URJUDPV� 7KDW� 6HHN� WR� 3URPRWH� 3HUVRQDO� DQG� 6RFLDO� 6NLOOV�LQ�&KLOGUHQ�DQG�$GROHVFHQWV��American Journal of Community Psychology������±�������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������V����������������

'XUODN��-���:HLVVEHUJ��5���'\PQLFNL��$���'�7D\ORU��5����6FKHOOLQJHU��.����������7KH�,PSDFW�RI�(QKDQFLQJ�6WXGHQWV¶�6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ��$�0HWD�$QDO\VLV�RI�6FKRRO�%DVHG�8QLYHUVDO� ,QWHUYHQWLRQV��Child development���������±����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M����������������������[

'XQFDQ�� *�� -��� %URRNV�*XQQ�� -�� � .OHEDQRY�� 3�� .�� �������� (FRQRPLF�'HSULYDWLRQ�DQG�(DUO\�&KLOGKRRG�'HYHORSPHQW��Child Development�������������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ����������$��������������

(OOLV��$�� ��������Reason and emotion in psychotherapy��2[IRUG�� (QJODQG��/\OH�6WXDUW�

(OOLV�� 5�� �������� The Study of Second Language Acquisition�� 2[IRUG�8QLYHUVLW\�3UHVV�

(QQHWW��6��7���5LQJZDOW��&��/���7KRUQH��-���5RKUEDFK��/��$���9LQFXV��$���6LPRQV�5XGROSK��$����-RQHV��6����������$�&RPSDULVRQ�RI�&XUUHQW�3UDFWLFH�LQ�6FKRRO�%DVHG�6XEVWDQFH�8VH�3UHYHQWLRQ�3URJUDPV�ZLWK�0HWD�$QDO\VLV�)LQGLQJV��Prevention Science����������±����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������$��������������

([WUHPHUD��1����)HUQiQGH]�%HUURFDO��3����������3HUFHLYHG�HPRWLRQDO�LQWHOOL�JHQFH�DQG�OLIH�VDWLVIDFWLRQ��3UHGLFWLYH�DQG�LQFUHPHQWDO�YDOLGLW\�XVLQJ�WKH�7UDLW�0HWD�0RRG�6FDOH��Personality and Individual Differences�������������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�SDLG������������

)L[VHQ�� '�� /��� 1DRRP�� 6�� )��� %ODVp�� .�� $�� � )ULHGPDQ�� 5�� 0�� ��������,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ�UHVHDUFK��D�V\QWKHVLV�RI�WKH�OLWHUDWXUH��3UHOXDW�vQ����LDQXDULH��KWWSV���ZZZ�SRSOLQH�RUJ�QRGH�������

)L[VHQ��'��/���%ODVH��.��$���1DRRP��6��)���9DQ�'\NH��0����:DOODFH��)����������,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ��7KH�PLVVLQJ�OLQN�EHWZHHQ�UHVHDUFK�DQG�SUDFWLFH��Exceptional Children�������������±�����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������������������������

)LQGOD\�� /HDQQH�&��� &RSODQ�� 5REHUW� -��� %RZNHU��$QQH�� �������� .HHSLQJ� ,W�$OO� LQVLGH�� 6K\QHVV�� ,QWHUQDOL]LQJ� &RSLQJ� 6WUDWHJLHV� DQG� 6RFLR�(PRWLRQDO�

Page 140: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

$GMXVWPHQWLQ� 0LGGOH� &KLOGKRRG�� International Journal of Behavioral 'HYHORSPHQW������������±���

)OHWFKHU��-��0����:ROIH��%��/�������D���7KH�(IIHFWV�RI�7HHQDJH�)DWKHUKRRG�RQ�<RXQJ�$GXOW�2XWFRPHV��Economic Inquiry��������� ���±����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M����������������������[

)OHWFKHU��-��0����:ROIH��%��/�������E���7KH�(IIHFWV�RI�7HHQDJH�)DWKHUKRRG�RQ�<RXQJ�$GXOW�2XWFRPHV��Economic Inquiry��������� ���±����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M����������������������[

)RUPDQ��6��*���)DJOH\��1��6���6WHLQHU��'��'����6FKQHLGHU��.����������7HDFKLQJ�HYLGHQFH�EDVHG�LQWHUYHQWLRQV��3HUFHSWLRQV�RI�LQÀXHQFHV�RQ�XVH�LQ�SURIHVVL�RQDO�SUDFWLFH�LQ�VFKRRO�SV\FKRORJ\��Training and Education in Professional 3V\FKRORJ\�����������±�����KWWS���G[�GRL�RUJ���������D�������

)XOOHU�5RZHOO�� 7�� (��� (YDQV�� *�� :��� 3DXO�� (�� � &XUWLV�� '�� 6�� �������� 7KH�5ROH�RI�3RYHUW\�DQG�&KDRV�LQ�WKH�'HYHORSPHQW�RI�7DVN�3HUVLVWHQFH�$PRQJ�$GROHVFHQWV�� -RXUQDO� RI� 5HVHDUFK� RQ� $GROHVFHQFH�� ������� ���±����� GRL����������MRUD������

)XQGDFLyQ�0DUFHOLQR�%RWtQ�5HSRUW���������6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�(GXFDWLRQ��$Q�,QWHUQDWLRQDO�$QDO\VLV��)XQGDFLyQ�0DUFHOLQR�%RWtQ�

)XQGDFLyQ�0DUFHOLQR�%RWtQ�5HSRUW���������6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�(GXFDWLRQ��$Q�,QWHUQDWLRQDO�$QDO\VLV��)XQGDFLyQ�0DUFHOLQR�%RWtQ�

)XQGDFLyQ�0DUFHOLQR�%RWtQ�5HSRUW���������6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�(GXFDWLRQ��$Q�,QWHUQDWLRQDO�$QDO\VLV��)XQGDFLyQ�0DUFHOLQR�%RWtQ�

)XQGDFLyQ�0DUFHOLQR�%RWtQ�5HSRUW���������6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�(GXFDWLRQ��$Q�,QWHUQDWLRQDO�$QDO\VLV��)XQGDFLyQ�0DUFHOLQR�%RWtQ�

*LOOLRP�� 0��� 6KDZ�� '�� 6��� %HFN�� -�� (��� 6FKRQEHUJ�� 0��$��� � /XNRQ�� -�� /����������$QJHU� UHJXODWLRQ� LQ�GLVDGYDQWDJHG�SUHVFKRRO�ER\V��6WUDWHJLHV��DQ�WHFHGHQWV��DQG�WKH�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�VHOI�FRQWURO��'HYHORSPHQWDO�3V\FKRORJ\������������±���

*OLFN�� %��� � *LEEV�� -�� &�� �������� $JJUHVVLRQ� 5HSODFHPHQW� 7UDLQLQJ�� $�&RPSUHKHQVLYH�,QWHUYHQWLRQ�IRU�$JJUHVVLYH�<RXWK��5HVHDUFK�3UHVV�

*ROGVWHLQ�� $�� 3�� �������� 7KH� 3UHSDUH� &XUULFXOXP�� 7HDFKLQJ� 3URVRFLDO�Competencies��5HVHDUFK�3UHVV�

Page 141: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

*RUPDQ�6PLWK��'����������(IIHFWV�RI�WHDFKHU�WUDLQLQJ�DQG�FRQVXOWDWLRQ�RQ�WHD�FKHU�EHKDYLRU�WRZDUG�VWXGHQWV�DW�KLJK�ULVN�IRU�DJJUHVVLRQ��Behavior Therapy������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������6��������������������

*UHHQEHUJ��0��7���.XVFKp��&��$����������3UHYHQWLYH�,QWHUYHQWLRQ�IRU�6FKRRO�$JH�'HDI�&KLOGUHQ��7KH�3$7+6�&XUULFXOXP�� Journal of Deaf Studies and 'HDI�(GXFDWLRQ��������������

*UHHQEHUJ��0��7���:HLVVEHUJ��5��3���2¶%ULHQ��0��8���=LQV��-��(���)UHGHULFNV��/���5HVQLN��+��� �(OLDV��0�� -�� �������� (QKDQFLQJ� VFKRRO�EDVHG� SUHYHQWLRQ�DQG� \RXWK� GHYHORSPHQW� WKURXJK� FRRUGLQDWHG� VRFLDO�� HPRWLRQDO�� DQG� DFD�GHPLF� OHDUQLQJ�� $PHULFDQ� 3V\FKRORJLVW�� ��������� ��������� KWWS���G[�GRL�RUJ�����������������;�����������

*UHHQKDOJK�� 7��� 6H\DQ�� .��� � %R\QWRQ�� 3�� �������� ³1RW� D� XQLYHUVLW\� W\SH´��IRFXV�JURXS�VWXG\�RI�VRFLDO�FODVV��HWKQLF��DQG�VH[�GLIIHUHQFHV�LQ�VFKRRO�SX�SLOV¶� SHUFHSWLRQV�DERXW�PHGLFDO� VFKRRO��BMJ������������� ������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������EPM��������������

*UHHQKDOJK��7���5REHUW��*��� %DWH��6��3��� .\ULDNLGRX��2��� �0DF)DUODQH�� )���������� +RZ� WR� VSUHDG� JRRG� LGHDV��$� V\VWHPDWLF� UHYLHZ� RI� WKH� OLWHUDWXUH�RQ�GLIIXVLRQ��VSUHDG�DQG�VXVWDLQDELOLW\�RI� LQQRYDWLRQV� LQ�KHDOWK�VHUYLFH�GH�OLYHU\� DQG� RUJDQLVDWLRQ��0LOEDQN� 4��� ������� ��������� GRL�� ��������M���������;������������[

*UROQLFN��:��6���5\DQ��5��0����'HFL��(��/����������,QQHU�UHVRXUFHV�IRU�VFKRRO�DFKLHYHPHQW��0RWLYDWLRQDO�PHGLDWRUV� RI� FKLOGUHQ¶V� SHUFHSWLRQV� RI� WKHLU� SD�UHQWV��-RXUQDO�RI�(GXFDWLRQDO�3V\FKRORJ\�����������������

*XWK�� /�� -��� 0F$XOLIIH�� *��� � 0LFKDODN�� 0�� �������� &RXQVHORUV� $EURDG��2XWFRPHV�RI� DQ� ,QWHUQDWLRQDO�&RXQVHOLQJ� ,QVWLWXWH� LQ� ,UHODQG��Professional Counselor��������������

+DOODP��6���5KDPLH��-����6KDZ��-����������(YDOXDWLRQ�RI�WKH�SULPDU\�EHKDYL�RXU�DQG�DWWHQGDQFH�SLORW��/RQGRQ��8.��'HSDUWPHQW�IRU�(GXFDWLRQ�DQG�6NLOOV�

+DOODP�� 6�� ��������$Q� HYDOXDWLRQ� RI� WKH� 6RFLDO� DQG� (PRWLRQDO�$VSHFWV� RI�/HDUQLQJ� �6($/��SURJUDPPH��SURPRWLQJ�SRVLWLYH�EHKDYLRXU��HIIHFWLYH� OHDU�QLQJ�DQG�ZHOO�EHLQJ�LQ�SULPDU\�VFKRRO�FKLOGUHQ��2[IRUG�5HYLHZ�RI�(GXFDWLRQ������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ��������������������������

Page 142: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

+DPHGDQL��0��*����'DUOLQJ�+DPPRQG��/����������6RFLDO�HPRWLRQDO�OHDUQLQJ�LQ� KLJK� VFKRRO��+RZ� WKUHH� XUEDQ� KLJK� VFKRROV� HQJDJH�� HGXFDWH�� DQG� HP�SRZHU�\RXWK��6WDQIRUG�&HQWHU�IRU�2SSRUWXQLW\�3ROLF\�LQ�(GXFDWLRQ��

+DVNLQV��5���/RHE��6����������$�SODQ�WR�LPSURYH�WKH�TXDOLW\�RI�WHDFKLQJ��The (GXFDWLRQ�'LJHVW����������������

+LOO��-��/���0DQFH��*��$���$QGHUVRQ��5��(����6PLWK��(��3����������7KH�UROH�RI�HWKQLF�LGHQWLW\�LQ�LQWHUYHQWLRQV�WR�SURPRWH�SRVLWLYH�DGROHVFHQW�GHYHORSPHQW��*ORE�-�&RPPXQLW\�3V\FKRO�3UDFW�������������

+HFNPDQ�� -�� �������� &DSDELOLW\� )RUPDWLRQ�� (DUO\� ,QWHUYHQWLRQ�� DQG� /RQJ�7HUP�+HDOWK�

+HFNPDQ�� -�� -�� �����D��� 5ROH� RI� ,QFRPH� DQG� )DPLO\� ,QÀXHQFH� RQ� &KLOG�2XWFRPHV��$QQDOV�RI�WKH�1HZ�<RUN�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV��������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������DQQDOV���������

+HFNPDQ��-��-�������E���6FKRROV��6NLOOV��DQG�6\QDSVHV��Economic Inquiry������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M����������������������[

+HFNPDQ��-��-����.DXW]��7����������)RVWHULQJ�DQG�0HDVXULQJ�6NLOOV��,QWHUYHQWLRQV�That Improve Character and Cognition��:RUNLQJ�3DSHU�1R����������1DWLRQDO�%XUHDX�RI�(FRQRPLF�5HVHDUFK��KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������Z�����

+HFNPDQ��-��-����5XELQVWHLQ��<�������D���7KH�,PSRUWDQFH�RI�1RQFRJQLWLYH�6NLOOV�� /HVVRQV� IURP� WKH�*('�7HVWLQJ� 3URJUDP��The American Economic Review�����������������

+HFNPDQ��-��-����5XELQVWHLQ��<�������E���7KH�,PSRUWDQFH�RI�1RQFRJQLWLYH�6NLOOV�� /HVVRQV� IURP� WKH�*('�7HVWLQJ� 3URJUDP��The American Economic Review�����������������

+RDJZRRG�� .��� � -RKQVRQ�� -�� �������� 6FKRRO� SV\FKRORJ\��$� SXEOLF� KHDOWK�IUDPHZRUN�� ,�� )URP� HYLGHQFH�EDVHG� SUDFWLFHV� WR� HYLGHQFH�EDVHG� SROLFLHV��Journal of School Psychology��������������

+RII��(����������,PDJLQDU\�&RPSDQLRQV��&UHDWLYLW\��DQG�6HOI�,PDJH�LQ�0LGGOH�&KLOGKRRG��Creativity Research Journal���������SS���������

+RJOXQG��:�� /��*��� -RQHV�� 6��0��� %URZQ�� -�� /��� �$EHU�� -�� /�� ��������7KH�HYRFDWLYH� LQÀXHQFH�RI�FKLOG�DFDGHPLF�DQG�VRFLDO�HPRWLRQDO�DGMXVWPHQW�RQ�

Page 143: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

SDUHQW�LQYROYHPHQW�LQ�LQQHU�FLW\�VFKRROV��-RXUQDO�RI�(GXFDWLRQDO�3V\FKRORJ\�������������������KWWS���G[�GRL�RUJ���������D�������

+RKHQVKLO��7��+���$PXQGVRQ��1��(����1LOHV��6��*���(GV������������&ounseling DURXQG�WKH�ZRUOG��$Q�LQWHUQDWLRQDO�KDQGERRN��-RKQ�:LOH\��6RQV�

,Q]OLFKW��0����.DQJ��6��.�� ��������6WHUHRW\SH� WKUHDW�VSLOORYHU��KRZ�FRSLQJ�ZLWK� WKUHDWV� WR� VRFLDO� LGHQWLW\� DIIHFWV� DJJUHVVLRQ�� HDWLQJ�� GHFLVLRQ�PDNLQJ��DQG�DWWHQWLRQ��Journal of Personality and Social Psychology������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������D�������

.DP��&��0���*UHHQEHUJ��0��7����:DOOV��&��7����������([DPLQLQJ�WKH�UROH�RI�LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ�TXDOLW\�LQ�VFKRRO�EDVHG�SUHYHQWLRQ�XVLQJ�WKH�3$7+6�FXUULFX�OXP��3URPRWLQJ�$OWHUQDWLYH�7+LQNLQJ�6NLOOV�&XUULFXOXP��3UHYHQWLRQ�6FLHQFH��7KH�2I¿FLDO�-RXUQDO�RI�WKH�6RFLHW\�IRU�3UHYHQWLRQ�5HVHDUFK��������������

.DSODQ��$��� 6LQDL�� 0�� � )OXP�� +�� �������� 'HVLJQ�%DVHG� ,QWHUYHQWLRQV� IRU�3URPRWLQJ� 6WXGHQWV¶� ,GHQWLW\� ([SORUDWLRQ� ZLWKLQ� WKH� 6FKRRO� &XUULFXOXP�� LQ�6WXDUW�$�� .DUDEHQLFN� �� 7LPRWK\� &�� 8UGDQ� �HG���Motivational Interventions �$GYDQFHV� LQ� 0RWLYDWLRQ� DQG� $FKLHYHPHQW�� 9ROXPH� ���� (PHUDOG� *URXS�Publishing Limited������±����

.DXW]��7���+HFNPDQ�� -�� -���'LULV��5���7HU�:HHO��%����%RUJKDQV�� /�� ��������)RVWHULQJ� DQG� PHDVXULQJ� VNLOOV�� ,PSURYLQJ� FRJQLWLYH� DQG� QRQ�FRJQLWL�YH� VNLOOV� WR� SURPRWH� OLIHWLPH� VXFFHVV� �1R�� Z�������� 1DWLRQDO� %XUHDX� RI�(FRQRPLF�5HVHDUFK�

.UDPHU��7��-���&DOGDUHOOD��3���&KULVWHQVHQ��/����6KDW]HU��5��+����������6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ� LQ� WKH�.LQGHUJDUWHQ�&ODVVURRP��(YDOXDWLRQ�RI� WKH�Strong Start� &XUULFXOXP�� Early Childhood Education Journal�� ������� �����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������V����������������

/DQJOH\��$��.���1DGHHP��(���.DWDRND��6��+���6WHLQ��%��'����-D\FR[��/��+�������D���(YLGHQFH�%DVHG�0HQWDO�+HDOWK�3URJUDPV�LQ�6FKRROV��%DUULHUV�DQG�)DFLOLWDWRUV�RI�6XFFHVVIXO�,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ��6FKRRO�0HQWDO�+HDOWK��2��������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������V����������������

/DQJOH\��$��.���1DGHHP��(���.DWDRND��6��+���6WHLQ��%��'����-D\FR[��/��+�������E���(YLGHQFH�%DVHG�0HQWDO�+HDOWK�3URJUDPV�LQ�6FKRROV��%DUULHUV�DQG�)DFLOLWDWRUV�RI�6XFFHVVIXO�,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ��6FKRRO�0HQWDO�+HDOWK��2��������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������V����������������

Page 144: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

/HQGUXP��$��� +XPSKUH\�� 1��� .DODPERXND��$��� � :LJHOVZRUWK�� 0�� ��������,PSOHPHQWLQJ� SULPDU\� 6RFLDO� DQG� (PRWLRQDO� $VSHFWV� RI� /HDUQLQJ��6($/�� VPDOO� JURXS� LQWHUYHQWLRQV�� 5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV� IRU� SUDFWLWLR�QHUV�� (PRWLRQDO� DQG� %HKDYLRXUDO� 'LI¿FXOWLHV�� ���� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ��������������������������

/LQ��$����������&LWL]HQVKLS�HGXFDWLRQ�LQ�$PHULFDQ�VFKRROV�DQG�LWV�UROH�LQ�GH�YHORSLQJ�FLYLF�HQJDJHPHQW��$�UHYLHZ�RI� WKH�UHVHDUFK��(GXFDWLRQDO�5HYLHZ���������������

/RFKPDQ�� -�� (���:HOOV�� .��� � /HQKDUW�� /��$�� ��������&RSLQJ� 3RZHU�� &KLOG�*URXS�)DFLOLWDWRU¶V�*XLGH��2[IRUG�8QLYHUVLW\�3UHVV��86$�

0DUNXV��+�-���1XULXV��3�6�����������6HOI�8QGHUVWDQGLQJ�DQG�6HOI�5HJXODWLRQ�LQ�0LGGOH�&KLOGKRRG�

,Q� 'HYHORSPHQW� GXULQJ� PLGGOH� FKLOGKRRG�� 7KH� \HDUV� IURP� VL[� WR� WZHO-ve��1DWLRQDO�5HVHDUFK�&RXQFLO� �8�6������&ROOLQV��:��$��:DVKLQJWRQ��'�&��1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�3UHVV����������

0DWWKHZ� /�� +XJKHV�� /LVD�*HUDFL�� � 5RVV� /�� 'H� )RUUHVW�� ��������$JLQJ� ��<HDUV� LQ� ��0LQXWHV��7KH�(IIHFW� RI�7DNLQJ� D�0HPRU\�7HVW� RQ�2OGHU�$GXOWV¶�6XEMHFWLYH� $JH�� Psychological Science�� �������� ����������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�������������������������

0F&OHOODQG�� 0�� 0��� 0RUULVRQ�� )�� -��� � +ROPHV�� '�� /�� �������� &KLOGUHQ� DW�ULVN� IRU�HDUO\�DFDGHPLF�SUREOHPV��7KH�UROH�RI� OHDUQLQJ�UHODWHG�VRFLDO�VNLOOV. (DUO\�&KLOGKRRG�5HVHDUFK�4XDUWHUO\���������������KWWS���G[�GRL�RUJ���������6��������������������

0F/HRG��-��'����6KDQDKDQ��0��-�������D���3RYHUW\��3DUHQWLQJ��DQG�&KLOGUHQ¶V�0HQWDO� +HDOWK��American Sociological Review��������� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ����������������

0F/HRG��-��'����6KDQDKDQ��0��-�������E���3RYHUW\��3DUHQWLQJ��DQG�&KLOGUHQ¶V�0HQWDO� +HDOWK��American Sociological Review��������� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ����������������

0HUUHOO��.��:���*XHOGQHU��%��$���5RVV��6��:���� ,VDYD��'��0�� ��������+RZ�HIIHFWLYH�DUH�VFKRRO�EXOO\LQJ�LQWHUYHQWLRQ�SURJUDPV"�$�PHWD�DQDO\VLV�RI�LQWHU�YHQWLRQ� UHVHDUFK��6FKRRO�3V\FKRORJ\�4XDUWHUO\����������������KWWS���G[�GRL�RUJ��������������������������

Page 145: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

0HVVLFN�� 6�� �����D��� 7HVW� 9DOLGLW\� DQG� WKH� (WKLFV� RI� $VVHVVPHQW��ETS Research Report Series�� ��������� L����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M����������������WE������[

0HVVLFN�� 6�� �����E��� 7HVW� 9DOLGLW\� DQG� WKH� (WKLFV� RI� $VVHVVPHQW��ETS Research Report Series�� ��������� L����� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M����������������WE������[

0LNXOLF��,��0����)HUQiQGH]��*��/����������,PSRUWDQFLD�GH�OD�HYDOXDFLyQ�SVL�FROyJLFD�GH�ODV�IRUWDOH]DV�HQ�QLxRV�\�DGROHVFHQWHV��)DFXOWDG�GH�SVLFRORJtD�GH�OD�8QLYHUVLGDG�GH�%XHQRV�$LUHV��6HFUHWDUtD�GH�LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV��Anuario GH�LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV��������������

0LQ]L��0��&��5��GH�� ��������7HRUtD�GH� OD�PHGLFLyQ�\� WHRUtD�SVLFROyJLFD���VX�DUWLFXODFLyQ� HQ� ORV� WHVWV��$UWtFXORV� HQ�3')�GLVSRQLEOHV� GHVGH� ����� KDVWD�������$�SDUWLU�GH������YLVtWHQRV�HQ�ZZZ�HOVHYLHU�HV�VXPDSVLFRO��12�����������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ����������VXPDSVL�������

0RI¿WW��7��(���$UVHQHDXOW��/���%HOVN\��'���'LFNVRQ��1���+DQFR[��5��-���+DUULQJWRQ��+��� &DVSL��$�� ��������$� JUDGLHQW� RI� FKLOGKRRG� VHOI�FRQWURO� SUHGLFWV� KHDOWK��ZHDOWK��DQG�SXEOLF�VDIHW\��3URFHHGLQJV�RI�WKH�1DWLRQDO�$FDGHP\�RI�6FLHQFHV���������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������SQDV�����������

0RUJDQ��&���&KDUDODPELGHV��0���+XWFKLQVRQ��*��� �0XUUD\��5��0�� ��������0LJUDWLRQ�� (WKQLFLW\�� DQG� 3V\FKRVLV�� 7RZDUG� D� 6RFLRGHYHORSPHQWDO�0RGHO�� Schizophrenia Bulletin�� ������� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������VFKEXO�VET���

1HLO�+XPSKUH\��$IURGLWL�.DODPERXND��0LFKDHO�:LJHOVZRUWK���$QQ�/HQGUXP���������� *RLQJ� IRU� *RDOV�� $Q� (YDOXDWLRQ� RI� D� 6KRUW�� 6RFLDO�(PRWLRQDO�,QWHUYHQWLRQ� IRU�3ULPDU\�6FKRRO�&KLOGUHQ��School Psychology International������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�������������������������

1HLO�+XPSKUH\��$IURGLWL� .DODPERXND��0LFKDHO�:LJHOVZRUWK��$QQ�/HQGUXP��-HVVLFD� 'HLJKWRQ�� � 0LUDQGD� :ROSHUW�� �������� 0HDVXUHV� RI� 6RFLDO� DQG�(PRWLRQDO� 6NLOOV� IRU� &KLOGUHQ� DQG� <RXQJ� 3HRSOH�� $� 6\VWHPDWLF� 5HYLHZ��Educational and Psychological Measurement�� ������� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�������������������������

1LHOVHQ��/���0HLOVWUXS��&���1HODXVHQ��0��.���.RXVKHGH��9����+ROVWHLQ��%��(����������3URPRWLRQ�RI�VRFLDO�DQG�HPRWLRQDO�FRPSHWHQFH��([SHULHQFHV� IURP�D� PHQWDO� KHDOWK� LQWHUYHQWLRQ� DSSO\LQJ� D� ZKROH� VFKRRO� DSSURDFK�� +HDOWK�Education���������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������+(�������������

Page 146: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

1RGGLQJV��1�� �����D��� 6RFLDO� 6WXGLHV� DQG� )HPLQLVP��Theory & Research in Social Education�� 20����� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�������������������������������

1RGGLQJV��1�� �����E��� 6RFLDO� 6WXGLHV� DQG� )HPLQLVP��Theory & Research in Social Education�� 20����� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�������������������������������

1RHOO��*��+���:LWW��-��&���6OLGHU��1��-���&RUQQHOO��-��(���*DWWL��6��/���:LOOLDPV��.��/���.RHQLJ��-��/���5HVHWDU��-��/���'XKRQ��*��-����������7UHDWPHQW�,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ�)ROORZLQJ�%HKDYLRUDO�&RQVXOWDWLRQ�LQ�6FKRROV��$�&RPSDULVRQ�RI�7KUHH�)ROORZ�XS�6WUDWHJLHV��6FKRRO�3V\FKRORJ\�5HYLHZ����������������

1RUGDKO��&��:���5DQJDQDWK��&���<RQHOLQDV��$��3���'H&DUOL��&���)OHWFKHU��(����-DJXVW��:��-����������:KLWH�0DWWHU�&KDQJHV�&RPSURPLVH�3UHIURQWDO�&RUWH[�)XQFWLRQ�LQ�+HDOWK\�(OGHUO\�

,QGLYLGXDOV��-RXUQDO�RI�&RJQLWLYH�1HXURVFLHQFH������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������MRFQ��������������

2GHQ�� 6�� � $VKHU�� 6�� 5�� �������� &RDFKLQJ� FKLOGUHQ� LQ� 6RFLDO� 6NLOOV� IRU�)ULHQGVKLS�0DNLQJ��&KLOG�GHYHORSPHQW������������������

2SUH��$����'DYLG��'����������'H]YROWDUHD� LQWHOLJHQ܊HL�HPR܊LRQDOH�SULQ�SUR�JUDPH�GH�HGXFD܊LH�UD܊LRQDO�HPRWLYă܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOă��$OH[DQGUX�5RоFD����������� ±� 2PXO�� VDYDQWXO� оL� FUHDWRUXO� GH� оFRDOă�� %XFXUH܈WL�� (GLWXUD�$FDGHPLHL�5RPkQH���������,6%1�������������������

2SUH��$����*LED��5����������3RVLWLYH�(IIHFWV�RI�JDPHV�DQG�WKHUDSHXWLF�VWR�ULHV�RQ�VRFLR�HPRWLRQDO�GHYHORSPHQW�RI�\RXQJ�VFKRODUV��,Q�3RVWHU�SUHVHQWHG�DW�:RUOG�&RQJUHVV�RI�%HKDYLRUDO�&RJQLWLYH�7KHUDSLHV��%RVWRQ�

2SUH��$��� � %X]JDU�� 5�� �������� 7KH� HI¿FDF\� RI� 6(/)�.,7� SURJUDP� LQ� GH�YHORSLQJ� VRFLRHPRWLRQDO� FRPSHWHQFLHV� RI� NLQGHUJDUWHQ� FKLOGUHQ��Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences�� ���� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�VEVSUR������������

2SUH��$���%X]JDU��5���'XPXOHVFX��'���0XUHVDQ��$���%DOD]VL��5����2SUH��'����������:HOO�EHLQJ�DQG�PHQWDO�KHDOWK�RI�5RPDQLDQ�FKLOGUHQ��WKH�UHVXOWV�RI�D�QDWLRQDO�VFUHHQLQJ��3V\FKRORJ\��+HDOWK�����������

Page 147: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

2SUH��$���%X]JDU��5���'XPXOHVFX��'����������(PSLULFDO�VXSSRUW�IRU�6(/)�.,7��$�UDWLRQDO�HPRWLYH�HGXFDWLRQ�SURJUDP��Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral 3V\FKRWKHUDSLHV�������D����������

2SUH�� $��� %X]JDU�� 5��� *KLPEXOXW�� 2��� � &DOED]D�2UPHQLVDQ�� 0�� ��������6HOI� .LW� 3URJUDP�� 6WUDWHJLHV� IRU� ,PSURYLQJ� &KLOGUHQ¶� 6RFLR�(PRWLRQDO�&RPSHWHQFLHV��Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences�� ���� ���������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�VEVSUR������������

2SUH��$���%X]JDU��5���'XPXOHVFX��'���9LVX�3HWUD��/���2SUH��'���0DFDYHL��%���%XWD��0��� 3LQWHD�� 6���������$VVHVVLQJ�5LVN� )DFWRUV� DQG� WKH� (I¿FDF\� RI� D�3UHYHQWLYH�3URJUDP�)RU�6FKRRO�'URSRXW��&RJQLрLH��&UHLHU��&RPSRUWDPHQW�&RJQLWLRQ��%UDLQ��%HKDYLRU�����������������

2ZHQV��-��6����0XUSK\��&��(����������(IIHFWLYHQHVV�5HVHDUFK�LQ�WKH�&RQWH[W�RI� 6FKRRO�%DVHG� 0HQWDO� +HDOWK�� &OLQLFDO� &KLOG� DQG� )DPLO\� 3V\FKRORJ\�Review�����������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������V���������������[

3D\WRQ�� -���:HLVVEHUJ��5��3���'XUODN�� -��$���'\PQLFNL��$��%���7D\ORU��5��'���6FKHOOLQJHU�� .�� %��� � 3DFKDQ�� 0�� �������� The Positive Impact of Social DQG� (PRWLRQDO� /HDUQLQJ� IRU� .LQGHUJDUWHQ� WR� (LJKWK�*UDGH� 6WXGHQWV��)LQGLQJV� IURP� 7KUHH� 6FLHQWL¿F� 5HYLHZV�� 7HFKQLFDO� 5HSRUW�� &ROODERUDWLYH�IRU�$FDGHPLF�� 6RFLDO�� DQG� (PRWLRQDO� /HDUQLQJ�� 3UHOXDW� vQ� GLQ� KWWSV���HULF�HG�JRY�"LG ('������

3DWWHUVRQ��*��5���'H%DU\VKH��%��'����5DPVH\��(����������$�GHYHORSPHQWDO�SHUVSHFWLYH�RQ�DQWLVRFLDO�EHKDYLRU��$PHULFDQ�3V\FKRORJLVW������������������KWWS���G[�GRL�RUJ�����������������;���������

3HGHUVHQ��6���9LWDUR��)���%DUNHU��(��'��DQG�%RUJH��$��,��+����������7KH�7LPLQJ�RI�0LGGOH�&KLOGKRRG�3HHU�5HMHFWLRQ�DQG�)ULHQGVKLS��/LQNLQJ�(DUO\�%HKDYLRU�WR�(DUO\�$GROHVFHQW�$GMXVWPHQW��&KLOG�'HYHORSPHQW����������±������KWWS���G[�GRL�RUJ���������M����������������������[

3HGHUVHQ��3��%���/RQQHU��:��-���'UDJXQV��-��*���7ULPEOH��-��(����5LR��0��5��6����������Counseling Across Cultures��6$*(�

3HUU\�� &�� /��� 6WRQH�� (�� -��� 3DUFHO�� *�� 6��� (OOLVRQ�� 5�� &��� 1DGHU�� 3�� 5���:HEEHU�� /�� 6��� � /XHSNHU�� 5�� 9�� �������� 6FKRRO�%DVHG� &DUGLRYDVFXODU�+HDOWK� 3URPRWLRQ�� 7KH� &KLOG� DQG� $GROHVFHQW� 7ULDO� IRU� &DUGLRYDVFXODU�+HDOWK� �&$7&+��� -RXUQDO� RI� 6FKRRO� +HDOWK�� 60����� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M����������������WE������[

Page 148: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

3HWULGHV��.��9����)XUQKDP��$����������7UDLW�HPRWLRQDO�LQWHOOLJHQFH��SV\FKR�PHWULF�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�ZLWK�UHIHUHQFH�WR�HVWDEOLVKHG�WUDLW�WD[RQRPLHV��European Journal of Personality������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������SHU����

3LQWULFK�� 3�� 5�� ��������$�0RWLYDWLRQDO� 6FLHQFH� 3HUVSHFWLYH� RQ� WKH�5ROH� RI�6WXGHQW�0RWLYDWLRQ�LQ�/HDUQLQJ�DQG�7HDFKLQJ�&RQWH[WV��Journal of Educational 3V\FKRORJ\������������������

5DLPXQGR��5���0DUTXHV�3LQWR��$���� /LPD��0�� /�� ��������7KH�(IIHFWV� RI� D�6RFLDO±(PRWLRQDO� /HDUQLQJ� 3URJUDP� RQ� (OHPHQWDU\� 6FKRRO� &KLOGUHQ�� 7KH�5ROH�RI�3XSLOV¶�&KDUDFWHULVWLFV��Psychology in the Schools������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������SLWV������

5DIIDHOOL��0���&URFNHWW��/��-���6KHQ��<��/����������Developmental stability and change in self-regulation from childhood to adolescence��-��*HQHW��3V\FKRO� �������±���

5DOSK�%��0F1HDO��-���:LOOLDP�%��+DQVHQ��1DQF\�*UDQW�+DUULQJWRQ���6WHYHQ�0��*LOHV����������+RZ�DOO�6WDUV�:RUNV��$Q�([DPLQDWLRQ�RI�3URJUDP�(IIHFWV�RQ�0HGLDWLQJ�9DULDEOHV��+HDOWK�(GXFDWLRQ��%HKDYLRU������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�������������������������

5DXQHU��'��0�������D���7KH\�6WLOO�3LFN�0H�8S�ZKHQ�,�)DOO��7KH�5ROH�RI�&DULQJ�LQ�<RXWK�'HYHORSPHQW�DQG�&RPPXQLW\�/LIH��&ROXPELD�8QLYHUVLW\�3UHVV�

5DXQHU��'��0�������E���7KH\�6WLOO�3LFN�0H�8S�ZKHQ�,�)DOO��7KH�5ROH�RI�&DULQJ�LQ�<RXWK�'HYHORSPHQW�DQG�&RPPXQLW\�/LIH��&ROXPELD�8QLYHUVLW\�3UHVV�

5LFKDUGVRQ��*��(����������7KH�PHWDWKHRU\�RI�UHVLOLHQFH�DQG�UHVLOLHQF\��Journal of Clinical Psychology������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������MFOS������

5LPP�.DXIPDQ��6��(���)DQ��;���&KLX��<��-����<RX��:����������7KH�FRQWULEX�WLRQ�RI�WKH�5HVSRQVLYH�&ODVVURRP�$SSURDFK�RQ�FKLOGUHQ¶V�DFDGHPLF�DFKLH�YHPHQW�� 5HVXOWV� IURP� D� WKUHH� \HDU� ORQJLWXGLQDO� VWXG\�� Journal of School Psychology������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�MVS������������

5LQJHLVHQ��+���+HQGHUVRQ��.����+RDJZRRG��.���������PDUWLH������&RQWH[W�PDWWHUV��VFKRROV�DQG�WKH�TXRW�UHVHDUFK�WR�SUDFWLFH�JDSTXRW��LQ�FKLOGUHQ¶V�PHQWDO� KHDOWK�� 3UHOXDW� vQ� ��� LDQXDULH� ������ GLQ� KWWS���OLQN�JDOHJURXS�FRP�DSSV�GRF�$����������$21("VLG JRRJOHVFKRODU

Page 149: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

5RJHUV��:����/DQJH��0��0����������5HWKLQNLQJ�WKH�9XOQHUDELOLW\�RI�0LQRULW\�3RSXODWLRQV�LQ�5HVHDUFK��$PHULFDQ�-RXUQDO�RI�3XEOLF�+HDOWK����������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������$-3+������������

5RKUEDFK�� /�� $��� *UDKDP�� -�� :��� � +DQVHQ�� :�� %�� �����D��� 'LIIXVLRQ� RI�D� 6FKRRO�%DVHG� 6XEVWDQFH� $EXVH� 3UHYHQWLRQ� 3URJUDP�� 3UHGLFWRUV� RI�3URJUDP� ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ��Preventive Medicine��22��������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������SPHG����������

5RKUEDFK�� /�� $��� *UDKDP�� -�� :��� � +DQVHQ�� :�� %�� �����E��� 'LIIXVLRQ� RI�D� 6FKRRO�%DVHG� 6XEVWDQFH� $EXVH� 3UHYHQWLRQ� 3URJUDP�� 3UHGLFWRUV� RI�3URJUDP� ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ��Preventive Medicine��22��������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������SPHG����������

5RVH��'��-����&KXUFK��5��-�������D���/HDUQLQJ�WR�7HDFK��7KH�$FTXLVLWLRQ�DQG�0DLQWHQDQFH�RI�7HDFKLQJ�6NLOOV��Journal of Behavioral Education��������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������$��������������

5RVH��'��-����&KXUFK��5��-�������E���/HDUQLQJ�WR�7HDFK��7KH�$FTXLVLWLRQ�DQG�0DLQWHQDQFH�RI�7HDFKLQJ�6NLOOV��Journal of Behavioral Education��������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������$��������������

5RVV��*��� /LSSHU�� (��*��� �$XOG�� 3��$��0�� �������� (GXFDWLRQDO� 6WDWXV� DQG�6FKRRO�5HODWHG� $ELOLWLHV� RI� 9HU\� /RZ� %LUWK� :HLJKW� 3UHPDWXUH� &KLOGUHQ��Pediatrics�������������������

6FKRQHUW�5HLFKO�� .��$��� � 6FRWW�� )�� �������� (IIHFWLYHQHVV� RI� ³WKH� 5RRWV� RI�(PSDWK\´�SURJUDP�LQ�SURPRWLQJ�FKLOGUHQ¶V�HPRWLRQDO�DQG�VRFLDO�FRPSHWHQFH��$�VXPPDU\�RI�UHVHDUFK�¿QGLQJV��7KH�URRWV�RI�HPSDWK\��&KDQJLQJ�WKH�ZRUOG�child by child����������

6FKRHQZDOG��6��.����+RDJZRRG��.�������D���(IIHFWLYHQHVV��7UDQVSRUWDELOLW\��DQG� 'LVVHPLQDWLRQ� RI� ,QWHUYHQWLRQV�� :KDW� 0DWWHUV� :KHQ"� Psychiatric Services��������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������DSSL�SV����������

6FKRHQZDOG��6��.����+RDJZRRG��.�������E���(IIHFWLYHQHVV��7UDQVSRUWDELOLW\��DQG� 'LVVHPLQDWLRQ� RI� ,QWHUYHQWLRQV�� :KDW� 0DWWHUV� :KHQ"� Psychiatric Services��������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������DSSL�SV����������

6FKZHLQKDUW�� /�� -��� �$QG�2WKHUV�� ��������6LJQL¿FDQW� %HQH¿WV�� 7KH�+LJK�6FRSH� 3HUU\� 3UHVFKRRO� 6WXG\� WKURXJK�$JH� ���� 0RQRJUDSKV� RI� WKH� +LJK�6FRSH�(GXFDWLRQDO�5HVHDUFK�)RXQGDWLRQ��1R��7HQ��+LJK�6FRSH�(GXFDWLRQDO�5HVHDUFK�)RXQGDWLRQ������1RUWK�5LYHU�6WUHHW��<SVLODQWL��0,������������������

Page 150: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

6KHSKHUG��5��:�������D���7KHRU\�RI�&RVW�DQG�3URGXFWLRQ�)XQFWLRQV��3ULQFHWRQ�8QLYHUVLW\�3UHVV�

6KHSKHUG��5��:�������E���7KHRU\�RI�&RVW�DQG�3URGXFWLRQ�)XQFWLRQV��3ULQFHWRQ�8QLYHUVLW\�3UHVV�

6NODG��0��� 'LHNVWUD�� 5��� 5LWWHU��0�� '��� %HQ�� -��� �*UDYHVWHLMQ�� &�� �����D���(IIHFWLYHQHVV� RI� VFKRRO�EDVHG� XQLYHUVDO� VRFLDO�� HPRWLRQDO�� DQG� EHKDYLRUDO�SURJUDPV��'R�WKH\�HQKDQFH�VWXGHQWV¶�GHYHORSPHQW�LQ�WKH�DUHD�RI�VNLOO��EHKD�YLRU��DQG�DGMXVWPHQW"�Psychology in the Schools������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������SLWV������

6NODG��0��� 'LHNVWUD�� 5��� 5LWWHU��0�� '��� %HQ�� -��� �*UDYHVWHLMQ�� &�� �����E���(IIHFWLYHQHVV� RI� VFKRRO�EDVHG� XQLYHUVDO� VRFLDO�� HPRWLRQDO�� DQG� EHKDYLRUDO�SURJUDPV��'R�WKH\�HQKDQFH�VWXGHQWV¶�GHYHORSPHQW�LQ�WKH�DUHD�RI�VNLOO��EHKD�YLRU��DQG�DGMXVWPHQW"�Psychology in the Schools������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������SLWV������

6RFLRHPRWLRQDO� GHYHORSPHQW� DQG� KHDOWK� DGROHVFHQFH� DGXOWKRRG� _�'HYHORSPHQWDO�SV\FKRORJ\���I�D����3UHOXDW�vQ����LDQXDULH�������GLQ�KWWS���ZZZ�FDPEULGJH�RUJ�QX�DFDGHPLF�VXEMHFWV�SV\FKRORJ\�GHYHORSPHQWDO�SV\FKR�ORJ\�VRFLRHPRWLRQDO�GHYHORSPHQW�DQG�KHDOWK�DGROHVFHQFH�DGXOWKRRG

6SRWK�� 5��� 5HGPRQG�� &��� 6KLQ�� &��� *UHHQEHUJ�� 0��� &ODLU�� 6��� � )HLQEHUJ��0�� �����D��� 6XEVWDQFH�8VH� 2XWFRPHV� DW� ��� 0RQWKV� 3DVW� %DVHOLQH�� 7KH�35263(5� &RPPXQLW\±8QLYHUVLW\� 3DUWQHUVKLS� 7ULDO�� American Journal of Preventive Medicine�� ������� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�DPH�SUH������������

6SRWK�� 5��� 5HGPRQG�� &��� 6KLQ�� &��� *UHHQEHUJ�� 0��� &ODLU�� 6��� � )HLQEHUJ��0�� �����E��� 6XEVWDQFH�8VH� 2XWFRPHV� DW� ��� 0RQWKV� 3DVW� %DVHOLQH�� 7KH�35263(5� &RPPXQLW\±8QLYHUVLW\� 3DUWQHUVKLS� 7ULDO�� American Journal of Preventive Medicine�� ������� ��������� KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������M�DPH�SUH������������

6WDU¿HOG�� %�� �����D��� &KLOG� KHDOWK� FDUH� DQG� VRFLDO� IDFWRUV�� SRYHUW\�� FODVV��UDFH��%XOOHWLQ�RI�WKH�1HZ�<RUN�$FDGHP\�RI�0HGLFLQH�����������������

6WDU¿HOG�� %�� �����E��� &KLOG� KHDOWK� FDUH� DQG� VRFLDO� IDFWRUV�� SRYHUW\�� FODVV��UDFH��%XOOHWLQ�RI�WKH�1HZ�<RUN�$FDGHP\�RI�0HGLFLQH�����������������

Page 151: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

6WHFKHU��%��0����+DPLOWRQ��/��6����������0HDVXULQJ�+DUG�WR�0HDVXUH�6WXGHQW�&RPSHWHQFLHV��$�5HVHDUFK�DQG�'HYHORSPHQW�3ODQ��5HVHDUFK�5HSRUW��5$1'�&RUSRUDWLRQ�

6WHLQEHUJ�� 3�� ,�� �������� %RRN�5HYLHZ��Psychodynamic Practice��0����� �����KWWSV���GRL�RUJ������������������������������

ùWHIDQ��&��$����0LFOHD��0����������3UHYHQWLRQ�SURJUDPPHV�WDUJHWLQJ�HPR�WLRQDO�DQG�VRFLDO�GHYHORSPHQW�LQ�SUHVFKRROHUV��FXUUHQW�VWDWXV�DQG�IXWXUH�GL�UHFWLRQV��Early Child Development and Care���������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ��������������������������

ùWHIDQ��&��$��� �0LFOHD��0�� �����D���(IIHFWV� RI� D�0XOWLIRFXVHG�3UHYHQWLRQ�3URJUDP� RQ� 3UHVFKRRO� &KLOGUHQ¶V� &RPSHWHQFLHV� DQG� %HKDYLRU� 3UREOHPV��Psychology in the Schools������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������SLWV������

ùWHIDQ��&��$��� �0LFOHD��0�� �����E���(IIHFWV� RI� D�0XOWLIRFXVHG�3UHYHQWLRQ�3URJUDP� RQ� 3UHVFKRRO� &KLOGUHQ¶V� &RPSHWHQFLHV� DQG� %HKDYLRU� 3UREOHPV��Psychology in the Schools������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������SLWV������

7DNHXFKL��'��7���:LOOLDPV��'��5����$GDLU��5��.����������(FRQRPLF�6WUHVV�LQ�WKH�)DPLO\�DQG�&KLOGUHQ¶V�(PRWLRQDO�DQG�%HKDYLRUDO�3UREOHPV��Journal of 0DUULDJH�DQG�)DPLO\��������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������������

7DQ\X��0���3D\WRQ��-���:HLVVEHUJ��5����2¶%ULHQ��0����������6RFLDO�DQG�HPR�WLRQDO�OHDUQLQJ�SUDFWLFHV�LQ�,OOLQRLV�VFKRROV��A survey of district-level and scho-RO�EXLOGLQJ� HGXFDWRUV�� &ROODERUDWLYH� IRU� $FDGHPLF�� 6RFLDO�� DQG� (PRWLRQDO�Learning(CASEL).�8QLYHUVLW\�RI�,OOLQRLV�DW�&KLFDJR�

7D\ORU��5��'���2EHUOH��(���'XUODN��-��$����:HLVVEHUJ��5��3�������D���3URPRWLQJ�3RVLWLYH�<RXWK�'HYHORSPHQW�7KURXJK�6FKRRO�%DVHG�6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ� ,QWHUYHQWLRQV�� $� 0HWD�$QDO\VLV� RI� )ROORZ�8S� (IIHFWV�� Child Development��������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������FGHY������

7D\ORU��5��'���2EHUOH��(���'XUODN��-��$����:HLVVEHUJ��5��3�������E���3URPRWLQJ�3RVLWLYH�<RXWK�'HYHORSPHQW�7KURXJK�6FKRRO�%DVHG�6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ� ,QWHUYHQWLRQV�� $� 0HWD�$QDO\VLV� RI� )ROORZ�8S� (IIHFWV�� Child Development��������������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ���������FGHY������

7RXJK��-����������7KH�'HYHORSPHQW�RI�0HDQLQJ��$�6WXG\�RI�&KLOGUHQ¶V�8VH�RI�Language��5RXWOHGJH�

Page 152: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

81,&()� ������� The right of Roma children to education. Position paper. 81,&()�5RPkQLD��SUHOXDW�GH�SH�KWWS���ZZZ�XQLFHI�UR�SXEOLFDWLL�

81,&()�������� State of adolescents in Romania��81,&()�5RPkQLD��SUHOX�at de pe KWWS���ZZZ�XQLFHI�UR�SXEOLFDWLL�

81,&()� �������� 'H]YROWDUHD� DELOLWăрLORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH� OD� DGROHVFHQрLL� GLQ�România. 81,&()�5RPkQLD��SUHOXDW�GH�SH�KWWS���ZZZ�XQLFHI�UR�SXEOLFDWLL�

9DLGD��6���.iOOD\��e����2SUH��$����������&RXQVHOLQJ�,Q�6FKRROV��$�5DWLRQDO�(PRWLYH�%HKDYLRU�7KHUDS\��5HEW��%DVHG�,QWHUYHQWLRQ���$�3LORW�6WXG\��&RJQLWLH��&UHLHU��&RPSRUWDPHQW�&RJQLWLRQ��%UDLQ��%HKDYLRU���������������

9D]VRQ\L�� $�� 7�� � +XDQJ�� /�� ��������:KHUH� VHOI�FRQWURO� FRPHV� IURP�� RQ�the development of self-control and its relationship to deviance over time��Developmental Psychology���������±����

9HUQRQ��$�� �������� 7KLQNLQJ�� )HHOLQJ�� %HKDYLQJ�� $Q� (PRWLRQDO� (GXFDWLRQ�&XUULFXOXP�IRU�$GROHVFHQWV��*UDGHV�������5HVHDUFK�3UHVV�

:DWHUV�� (��� 9DXJKQ�� %�� (��� � (JHODQG�� %�� 5�� �����D��� ,QGLYLGXDO� GLIIHUHQ�FHV� LQ� LQIDQW�PRWKHU� DWWDFKPHQW� UHODWLRQVKLSV� DW� DJH� RQH�� DQWHFHGHQWV� LQ�QHRQDWDO�EHKDYLRU� LQ�DQ�XUEDQ��HFRQRPLFDOO\�GLVDGYDQWDJHG�VDPSOH��Child Development�����������������

:DWHUV�� (��� 9DXJKQ�� %�� (��� � (JHODQG�� %�� 5�� �����E��� ,QGLYLGXDO� GLIIHUHQ�FHV� LQ� LQIDQW�PRWKHU� DWWDFKPHQW� UHODWLRQVKLSV� DW� DJH� RQH�� DQWHFHGHQWV� LQ�QHRQDWDO�EHKDYLRU� LQ�DQ�XUEDQ��HFRQRPLFDOO\�GLVDGYDQWDJHG�VDPSOH��Child Development�����������������

:KLWH�0DWWHU�&KDQJHV�&RPSURPLVH�3UHIURQWDO�&RUWH[�)XQFWLRQ� LQ�+HDOWK\�(OGHUO\�,QGLYLGXDOV�_�-RXUQDO�RI�&RJQLWLYH�1HXURVFLHQFH�_�0,7�3UHVV�-RXUQDOV���I�D����3UHOXDW�vQ����LDQXDULH�������GLQ�KWWSV���ZZZ�PLWSUHVVMRXUQDOV�RUJ�GRL�DEV���������MRFQ��������������

:LJHOVZRUWK��0���+XPSKUH\��1����/HQGUXP��$����������$�QDWLRQDO�HYDOXDWLRQ�RI� WKH� LPSDFW�RI� WKH�VHFRQGDU\�6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�$VSHFWV�RI�/HDUQLQJ��6($/��SURJUDPPH��Educational Psychology���������������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ�����������������������������

:UD\�/DNH��/���'H+DDQ��&��5���6KXEHUW��-����5\DQ��5��0����������([DPLQLQJ�OLQNV�IURP�FLYLF�HQJDJHPHQW�WR�GDLO\�ZHOO�EHLQJ�IURP�D�VHOI�GHWHUPLQDWLRQ�WKH�RU\�SHUVSHFWLYH��7KH�-RXUQDO�RI�3RVLWLYH�3V\FKRORJ\�������

Page 153: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

<DULY��$�� ��������An Introduction to Theory and Applications of Quantum Mechanics��&RXULHU�&RUSRUDWLRQ�

=LQV��-��(���%ORRGZRUWK��0��5���:HLVVEHUJ��5��3����:DOEHUJ��+��-����������7KH�6FLHQWL¿F�%DVH�/LQNLQJ�6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ�WR�6FKRRO�6XFFHVV��Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation����������� ���������KWWSV���GRL�RUJ��������������������������

=XEULFN��6��5���6LOEXUQ��6��5���*DUWRQ��$��)���%XUWRQ��3���'DOE\��5���&DUOWRQ��-���«�/DZUHQFH��'����������:HVWHUQ�$XVWUDOLDQ�&KLOG�+HDOWK�6XUYH\��'HYHORSLQJ�+HDOWK� DQG� :HOO�EHLQJ� LQ� WKH� 1LQHWLHV�� 3UHOXDW� vQ� GLQ� KWWS���HFLWH�XWDV�HGX�DX�����

Page 154: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

$QH[D��3UH]HQWDUHD�GHWDOLDWă�D�H[HPSOHORU�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL�OD�QLYHO�LQWHUQD܊LRQDO

Africa de Sud

a. Context general

&KLDU�GDFă�GXSă�GREkQGLUHD�LQGHSHQGHQ܊HL��vQ�������HFRQRPLD܊�ăULL�D�SUR�VSHUDW��$IULFD�GH�6XG�VH�QXPăUă�SULQWUH� �ăULOH܊ vQ� FDUH�DQDOIDEHWLVPXO�HVWH�IRDUWH�PDUH��PDL�DOHV�GDWRULWă�VăUăFLHL�OD�FDUH�VXQW�H[SX܈L�FRSLLL������GLQWUH�FRSLLL�DIULFDQL�WUăLQG�vQ�VăUăFLH��9DQ�$OSKHQ���������&RQIUXQWkQGX�VH��GH�DVH�PHQHD��FX�XQ�QXPăU�PDUH�GH�FRSLL�FUHVFX܊L�GH�FăWUH�XQ�VLQJXU�SăULQWH�VDX�GH�QLFL�XQXO������GLQWUH�IDPLOLL���FX�R�UDWă�ULGLFDWă�D�YLROHQ܊HL܈�L�FX�R�LQHFKL�WDWH�VRFLDOă�PDUFDQWă��OD�QLYHO�SROLWLF�V�D�FRQVLGHUDW�Fă�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă��LRQDOă�DU�SXWHD�¿�R�VWUDWHJLH�FDUH��SH�WHUPHQ�OXQJ��Vă�GXFă�OD�GLPL܊L�HPR܈QXDUHD�DFHVWRU�SUREOHPH��$VWIHO��vQ�������vQ�FXUULFXOXPXO�QD܊LRQDO��1DWLRQDO�&XUULFXOXP�6WDWHPHQW��D�IRVW�LQWURGXVă�DULD�2ULHQWDUHD�vQ�YLDрă܈�L�GLVFLSOLQD�$ELOLWăрL�GH�YLDрă�DO�FăUHL�VFRS�SULQFLSDO�D�IRVW�Vă�vL�HGXFH�SH�FRSLL�SHQWUX�D�¿�vQ�VLJXUDQ܊ă܈�L�SHQWUX�D�IDFH�ID܊ă�XQRU�VLWXD܊LL�FULWLFH��YLROHQ܊ă��DEX]�HWF����5HIRUPHOH� XOWHULRDUH� DOH� &XUULFXOXPXOXL� DX� vPEXQăWă܊LW� FRQ܊LQXWXO� �L܈ PR�GXO� OXL�GH�DSOLFDUH�� vQVă�VODED�SUHJăWLUH�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�D�IRVW܈��L� vQFă�PDL�HVWH��XQ�LPSHGLPHQW�DO�LPSOHPHQWăULL�XQHL�HGXFD܊LL�GH�FDOLWDWH��ÌQ�XOWLPLL�DQL�DX�IRVW� IăFXWH�HIRUWXUL�VXV܊LQXWH�SHQWUX�HFKLSDUHD�DFHVWRUD�FX�VWUDWHJLL��WHKQLFL܈�L�PHWRGH�GH�SUHGDUH�FDUH�Vă�DVLJXUH� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�FX�VXFFHV�D�GLVSR]L܊LLORU�OHJLVODWLYH��DVWIHO�vQFkW�FXUULFXOXPXO�SURSXV�Vă�GHD�UH]XOWDWH���/D�RUD� DFWXDOă�� HGXFDUHD� YLLWRULORU� SURIHVRUL� FXSULQGH�PRGXOH� VSHFLDOH� SHQWUX�IRUPDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�QHFHVDUH�DFHVWRUD�vQ�YHGHUHD�GH]YROWăULL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�D�FRSLLORU��LDU�XQ�DFFHQW�GHRVHELW�VH�SXQH�SH�XWLOL]DUHD�PHWRGHORU�GH�vQYă܊DUH�H[SHULHQ܊LDOă܈�L�SH�XWLOL]DUHD�VWRU\WHOOLQJ�XOXL�DWkW�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�FX�FRSLLL��FkW܈�L�FX�DGROHVFHQ܊LL��

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����$ELOLWă܊L�GH�YLD܊ă��/LIH�6NLOOV��HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�FDUH�VH�GHUXOHD]ă�vQ�VSHFLDO�vQ܈�FROLOH�SXEOLFH��&RQ܊LQXWXO�VăX�HVWH�DGDSWDW�SHQWUX�¿HFDUH�QLYHO�GH�YkUVWă��vQVă�GDWRULWă�ÀH[LELOLWă܊LL܈�L�OLEHUWă܊LL�RIHULWH�GH�&XUULFXOXPXO�1D܊LRQDO��HGXFDWRULL�SRW�DGDSWD�WHPHOH܈�L�WLPSXO�DORFDW�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��9DQ�$OSKHQ���������$VWIHO��SURJUDPXO�SRDWH�Vă�UăVSXQGă�QHYRLORU�JUXSXOXL�FX�FDUH�VH�OXFUHD]ă��R�DFWLYLWDWH�SXWkQG�DYHD�R�GXUDWă�GH����VDX����GH�PLQXWH��R�WHPă�GH�FODVD�D�9,�D�SXWkQG�¿�GLVFXWDWă�FX�FRSLL�GH�FODVD�,����DQL��

([HPSOXO� ���7UăLQG� YLHрL� IHULFLWH� оL� VăQăWRDVH��&RSDFXO� YLHрLL��$FHVWD� HVWH�XQ�SURLHFW�FDUH�D�vQFHSXW�vQWU�R�]RQă�vQ�FDUH�FRPXQLWă܊LOH�GH�DOEL܈�L�FHOH�GH�

Page 155: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

ÄFRORXUHG�SHRSOH´�WUăLDX�VHSDUDW��R�FDUDFWHULVWLFă�D�PXOWRU�]RQH�GLQ�$IULFD�GH�6XG��FX�VFRSXO�GH�D�GH]YROWD�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�D�FRSLLORU��$XWRDUHD�SURJUDPX�OXL��&DUPHQ�&OHZV��D�UHDOL]DW�FX�FRSLLL�R�VHULH�GH�DFWLYLWă܊L�vQ�FDUH�DFFHQWXO�D� IRVW�SXV�SH�FXQRD܈WHUHD܈�L�H[SULPDUHD�H¿FLHQWă�D�HPR܊LLORU�SH�FDUH�FR�SLLL� OH� UHVLPW� vQ�GLIHULWH�VLWXD܊LL��8WLOL]kQG�FRQ܊LQXWXUL�GLQ�SURJUDPXO�QD܊LRQDO�Ä$ELOLWă܊L� GH� YLD܊ă´�� SUHFXP� �L܈ SULQFLSLLOH� FRPXQLFăULL� QRQ�YLROHQWH� �QRQ�YLR�OHQW�FRPPXQLFDWLRQ�±�5RVHQEHUJ��������� WUHSWDW��HD�D�DMXQV� OD�HODERUDUHD�XQXL�SURJUDP�GH�VLQH�VWăWăWRU��&RSDFXO�YLH܊LL���IRUPDW�GLQ����GH�OHF܊LL�D�FkWH���� GH�PLQXWH� �&OHZV�� ������� 3ULQ� LQWHUPHGLXO� vQYă܊ăULL� H[SHULHQ܊LDOH�� D� YL�]XDOL]ăULL��VWRU\WHOOLQJ�XOXL��DUWHORU��HOHYLL�GH���±���DQL�v܈L�GH]YROWă�DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�H[SULPDUH܈�L�UHJODUH�D�HPR܊LLORU��$YkQG�H[SHULHQ܊D�DFHVWXL�SURJUDP��vP�SUHXQă�FX�XQ�VSHFLDOLVW� vQ�SVLKRORJLD�FRSLOXOXL��&OHZV� LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�SUR�JUDPXO�Ä&ăOăWRULD�±�&ODVD�FRQ܈WLHQWă´��FDUH�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�SURJUDPXO�7KH�-RXUQH\�±�$�3UDFWLFDO�*XLGH�WR�+HDOLQJ�<RXU�/LIH�DQG�6HWWLQJ�<RXUVHOI�)UHH��DO� OXL�%UDQGRQ�%D\V���������$YkQG� IRUPH�DGDSWDWH�SHQWUX�GLYHUVH�YkUVWH��XWLOL]kQG�PHWRGH� �LPLODUH܈ FX� FHOH� GLQ� SURJUDPXO�&RSDFXO� YLH܊LL�� SURJUDPXO�D� IRVW�HYDOXDW� �vQ܈������L�������9DQ�$OSKHQ��������FD�¿LQG�EHQH¿F�SHQWUX�vPEXQăWă܊LUHD�UHOD܊LLORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�FUH܈WHUHD�SHUIRUPDQ܊HORU�DFDGHPLFH�

([HPSOXO� ��� �FROLOH܇ 6WHLQHU�:DOGRUI�� 5HVSHFWkQG� ¿ORVR¿D� �L܈ DERUGDUHD�6WHLQHU�� SkQă� OD� YkUVWD� GH� ��� DQL�� vQ� DFHVWH� �FROL܈ GH]YROWDUHD� VRFLDOă� �L܈HPR܊LRQDOă�QX�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�VHSDUDW��VXE�IRUPD�XQXL�SURJUDP�VSHFL¿F���FL�HVWH�LQWHJUDWă�vQ�WRDWH�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�SH�FDUH�OH�UHDOL]HD]ă�FRSLLL��GH�OD���OD����DQL���3HQWUX�D�L�SUHJăWL�SH�FRSLL�SHQWUX�YLD܊ă�� vQVă��DX� IRVW� vQ¿LQ܊DWH�FHQWUH�SUH�:DOGRUI� GH� HGXFD܊LH� SUH܈FRODUă� vQ� FDUH� DFFHQWXDO� FDGH� SH� SVLKRORJLD�SR]LWLYă��FRSLOXO�¿LQG�HGXFDW�Vă�WUăLDVFă܈�L�Vă�H[SHULPHQWH]H�HPR܊LL�SR]LWLYH���VWRU\WHOOLQJ��DUWă��MRF��L܊L�QHJDWLYH�vQ�GLIHUVH�DFWLYLWă܈

Argentina

a. Context general

Argentina HVWH�XQD�GLQWUH܊�ăULOH�FDUH�IDF�HIRUWXUL�PDUFDQWH�SHQWUX�WUDQVIRUPD�UHD�HGXFD܊LHL�vQ�SULRULWDWH�QD܊LRQDOă��FHD�PDL�PDUH�SUREOHPă�FX�FDUH�VH�OXSWă�VLVWHPXO� GH� vQYă܊ăPkQW� ¿LQG� LQHJDOLWDWHD� VRFLDOă� �L܈ FKLDU� VăUăFLD� �0LNXOLF���������ÌQ�XOWLPLL����GH�DQL��R�VHULH�GH�LQL܊LDWLYH�OHJLVODWLYH��/HJHD�)HGHUDOă�D�(GXFDрLHL�GLQ�������/HJHD�(GXFDрLHL�1DрLRQDOH�GLQ�������DX�vQFHUFDW�Vă�LQ�WURGXFă�vQ܈�FROL�PRGL¿FăUL�GH�VXEVWDQ܊ă�FDUH�Vă�UăVSXQGă�FHULQ܊HORU�VRFLHWă܊LL�PRGHUQH��FXP�DU�¿� LQWURGXFHUHD�XQHL� OLPEL�VWUăLQH� vQ�FXUULFXOD�REOLJDWRULH���L܈ Vă� GH]YROWH� GH]LGHUDWXO� HGXFD܊LRQDO� DVXPDW� FX� ]HFL� GH� DQL� vQ� XUPă�� �L܈DQXPH�GH]YROWDUHD�SOHQDUă�D�SHUVRQDOLWă܊LL�¿HFăUXL�FRSLO��3kQă�OD�PRPHQWXO�DFWXDO�vQVă��GLIHUHQ܊HOH�vQWUH�FODVHOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�DFFHQWXO�H[FOXVLY�SH�GH]YRO�WDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�FRJQLWLYH�SODVHD]ă�$UJHQWLQD�vQ�UkQGXO܊�ăULORU�FDUH�QX�DX�R�

Page 156: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

SROLWLFă�DVXPDWă�GH¿QLWă�FODU�vQ�SULYLQ܊D�VWUDWHJLLORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă��3RUQLQG�GH�OD�SULQFLSLLOH�SVLKRORJLHL�SR]LWLYH܈�L�GH�OD�UH]XOWDWHOH�VWXGLLORU�FX�SULYLUH� OD�H¿FLHQ܊D� LQWHOLJHQ܊HL�HPR܊LRQDOH� vQ�DGDSWDUHD� OD�YLD܊ă�D�FRSLLORU܈�L�WLQHULORU��SULPLL�SD܈L�vQ�DFHDVWă�GLUHF܊LH�D�GH]YROWăULL�6(/�DX�IRVW�IăFX܊L�OD�vQFHSXWXO�DQLORU������SULQ������WUDGXFHUHD܈�L�DGDSWDUHD�FKHVWLRQDUH�ORU�GH�LQWHOLJHQ܊ă�HPR܊LRQDOă��GH�HYDOXDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��D� VFDOHORU� GH� UH]LOLHQ܊ă�� FDOLWDWHD� YLH܊LL�� HPR܊LL� SR]LWLYH� �GH� H[�� 7(,TXH� ±�3HWULGHV܈�L�)XUKQDP��������������06&(,7�±�0LNXOLF��������(6&4�±�7DN܈L��������3(6&�±�2URV��������6(&,�±�0LNXOLF�������������WUDGXFHUHD܈�L�DGDSWDUHD�LQVWUXPHQWHORU�GH�HYDOXDUH�D�SUDFWLFLORU�GH�SUHGDUH��(3'�±�0LNXOLF��*DUFLD��/DEDQGDO�������܈�L�����HODERUDUHD�XQRU�LQVWUXPHQWH�FX�VSHFL¿F�FXOWXUDO�SHQ�WUX�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�DVSHFWHORU�SR]LWLYH�DOH�FRSLLORU��()1$��0LNXOLF܈�L�)HUQDQGH]��������()1$�(��0LNXOLF܈L�*DUFLD�/DEDQGDO���������0RWLYXO�SULQFLSDO�DO�DFHVWHL�GLUHF܊LL��0LNXOLF��������D�IRVW�Fă�SHQWUX�D�SXWHD�GH]YROWD�SURJUDPH�H¿FLHQWH�FDUH�Vă�UăVSXQGă�QHYRLORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�HVWH�FUXFLDO�Vă�¿H�LGHQWL¿FDWH�QLYHOXULOH�GH�ED]ă�DOH�DFHVWRU�DELOLWă܊L܈�L�FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH�SR]LWLYH�DOH�FRSLLORU�vQ���GRPHQLL�±�QLYHOXO�SHUVRQDO��DO�IDPLOLHL��SULHWHQLORU܈�L�DO܈�FROLL��8UPăWRUXO�SDV��¿UHVF�GH�DOWIHO��D�IRVW�HODERUDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�FDUH�Vă�¿H�LQWHJUDWH�vQ�FXUULFXOD܈�FRODUă�VDX�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ�GLYHUVH܈�FROL��GH�H[HPSOX�I don’t want to quarrel ±�6RVD܈�L�&DEULRV��������Emotional Education Teacher 7UDLQLQJ�±�/DWRUUH�������HWF����7UHEXLH�vQVă�PHQ܊LRQDW�IDSWXO�Fă�GH܈L�DX�IRVW�SXEOLFDWH� VWXGLL� DOH� H¿FLHQ܊HL� DFHVWRU� SURJUDPH�� LQL܊LDWLYHOH� VXQW� GLVSDUDWH��LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GHSLQGH�GH�LPSOLFDUHD܈�L�YRLQ܊D�FDGUHORU�GLGDF�WLFH܈�L�D�GLUHFWRULORU�GH�LQVWLWX܊LL��PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�PXOWH�UăPkQ�IăUă�HFRX�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD��RELHFWLYHOH�SURLHFWXOXL�©(GXFD܊LRQDO�*RDOV�������WKH�HGXFDWLRQ�ZH�ZRXOG�OLNH�IRU�WKH�%LFHQWHQDU\�JHQHUDWLRQª�SUH]HQWDW�vQ������GH�FăWUH� ,EHUR�$PHULFDQ�0LQLVWHUV�RI�(GXFDWLRQ�QX�DX� UăPDV� IăUă�HFRX�vQ܈�FROLOH�DUJHQWLHQH��LDU�FHOH���H[HPSOH�SUH]HQWDWH�PDL�MRV�UHSUH]LQWă�vQFHUFăUL�GH�VXFFHVV�SHQWUX�FUH܈WHUHD�FDOLWă܊LL��HJDOLWă܊LL�GH܈�DQVH܈�L�LQFOX]LX�QLL�VRFLDOH�SULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�HGXFD܊LHL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����:DVKLQJWRQ�6FKRRO�� ÌQ�$UJHQWLQD������GLQ܈�FROL�VXQW�SULYDWH��LDU�XQD�GLQWUH�HOH�HVWH�:DVKLQJWRQ�6FKRRO��LQVWLWX܊LH�ELOLQJYă�FX�WUDGL܊LH��FDUH�VH�DGUHVHD]ă�FRSLLORU�GH�GLIHULWH�QD܊LRQDOLWă܊L��FX�YkUVWH�FXSULQVH� vQWUH܈���L����DQL��3URJUDPXO�GH]YROWDW܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDW�vQ�DFHDVWă�LQVWLWX܊LH�vQFHSkQG�FX�DQXO������±�(PRWLRQDO�(GXFDWLRQ�3URJUDPPH��((3��v܈L�SURSXQH�Vă�GH]YRO�WH�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�SHUVRQDOă܈�L�VRFLDOă�SULQ�DFWLYLWă܊L� LQWHUDFWLYH��LQWHURJDUH��GLDORJ��FRPXQLFDUH��� LQWHUFRQHFWDWH��FX�VDUFLQL�GH� OXFUX�FDUH�YL]HD]ă���GL�PHQVLXQL�DOH�GH]YROWăULL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�SURPRYDWH�GH�&$6(/��HPR�WLRQDO�VHOI�DZDUHQHVV��HPRWLRQDO�UHJXODWLRQ��HPSDWK\��VRFLDO�VNLOOV���&H�IDFH�DFHVW�SURJUDP�Vă�¿H�GLIHULW�GH�DOWHOH�HVWH� IDSWXO�Fă�SHQWUX�¿HFDUH�QLYHO�GH�YkUVWă�� SHQWUX� ¿HFDUH� GLPHQVLXQH� YL]DWă�� VH� LQ܈LVWă� SH� FRPSHWHQ܊H� GLIHUL�

Page 157: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

WH�� VSHFL¿FH� SDUWLFXODULWă܊LORU� GH� YkUVWă�� 'H� H[HPSOX�� SHQWUX� GLPHQVLXQHD�UHJODUH�HPR܊LRQDOă��FRSLLL�GH��±��DQL� vQYD܊ă�Vă�H[SULPH��Vă� LGHQWL¿FH܈�L�Vă�UHFXQRDVFă�HPR܊LLOH�GH�ED]ă�� LDU�FRSLLL�GH��±���DQL�Vă� v܈L�H[SULPH�SURSULL�OH�HPR܊LL܈�L�Vă�vQ܊HOHDJă�OHJăWXUD�GLQWUH�JkQG�HPR܊LH�FRPSRUWDPHQW��ÌQ�IHOXO�DFHVWD�SURJUDPXO�GHYLQH�SDUWH�HVHQ܊LDOă�� LQWHJUDWă�vQ�FXUULFXOD�DFDGHPLFă��HVWH�FRQVLVWHQW��VH�GHVIă܈RDUă�JUDGXDO܈�L�ÄVH�WHUPLQă´�FkQG�HOHYLL�SăUăVHVF�VLVWHPXO��2�DOWă�FDUDFWHULVWLFă�IXQGDPHQWDOă�D�SURJUDPXOXL��FDUH�FUHGHP�QRL�Fă�HVWH�HVHQ܊LDOă�SHQWUX�D�DVLJXUD�H¿FLHQ܊D�XQXL�DVWIHO�GH�GHPHUV��HVWH�IRU�PDUHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��3URIHVRULL�FDUH� OXFUHD]ă�DLFL� WUHEXLH�Vă�SDUFXUJă�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�IRUPDUH�оL�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă�SULQ�FDUH�Vă�vQ܊HOHDJă�FDUH�VXQW�FHOH���GLPHQVLXQL��Vă܈�L�OH�GH]YROWH��LDU�DSRL�Vă�GHPRQVWUH]H�Fă܈�WLX�Vă�OH�GH]YROWH�OD�FRSLL��'H�DVHPHQHD��HIHFWHOH�SURJUDPXOXL�OD�QLYHOXO�FRSLLORU܈�L�DO܈�FROLL�HVWH�PăVXUDW�SHULRGLF�SULQ�LQWHUYLXUL��WHVWH�VWDQGDUGL]DWH�GH�HYDOXD�UH܈�L�FKHVWLRQDUH��DGUHVDWH�DWkW�HOHYLORU�FkW܈�L�SăULQ܊LORU܈�L�SURIHVRULORU��6XQW�XUPăULWH�DVSHFWH�FDUH� ��LRQDO܊LQ�GH�FOLPDWXO�HGXFD܊ FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�FRSLQJ�OD�VWUHV��DXWR�UHJODUHD�HPR܊LRQDOă��PDQD�JHPHQWXO�FRQÀLFWHORU�

([HPSOXO� ��� ÌQ� �FRDOD܈ 1XHVWUD� 6HJxRUD� GH� /RXUGHV�� OD� FHUHUHD�*HQHUDO�(GXFDWLRQ�&RXQFLO�� GLQ� ����� HVWH� LPSOHPHQWDW� XQ� SURJUDP� GH� GH]YROWDUH�VRFLDOă� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOă� DGUHVDW� FRSLLORU� DÀD܊L� vQ� VLWXD܊LL� GH� ULVF� �QLYHO� VRFLR�HFRQRPLF�VFă]XW��SăULQ܊L� IăUă�RFXSD܊LH��YLROHQ܊ă܈�L�DEX]�vQ�IDPLOLH��FRQVXP�GH�GURJXUL܈�L�DOFRRO���„1X�SRрL�vQYăрD�VDX�FUHоWH�IăUă�DIHFрLXQH”�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH]YROWDW�GH�LQVWLWXWXO�Ä&HQWUR�,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULR�GH�,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV�HQ�3VLFRORJtD�0DWHPiWLFD�\�([SHULPHQWDO´�±�&21,&(7��LQWHJUDW�vQ�FXUULFXOD��L�SURIHVRULORU��&H�VXUSULQGH�OD�DFHVW�SUR܈�LORU܊L�DGUHVDW�FRSLLORU��SăULQ܈�FRODUă܈JUDP�HVWH�VSULMLQXO�FRQVWDQW�SH�FDUH�VSHFLDOL܈WLL�GLQ�FDGUXO�FHQWUXOXL�vO�RIHUă�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�vQ�SODQL¿FDUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��vQ�DERUGDUHD�FD]XLVWLFLL�FRSLLORU��SULQ� vQWkOQLUL�FX�DFH܈WLD� �WUDLQLQJXUL���REVHUYD܊LL� OD�QLYHOXO�FODVHL��RIHULUHD�GH�UHVXUVH� WHRUHWLFH܈�L� VROX܊LL� SUDFWLFH�SHQWUX�SUREOHPHOH�FX�FDUH�VH�FRQIUXQ�Wă��HWF��3URJUDPXO�XUPăUH܈WH�GH]YROWDUHD�IXQF܊LLORU�H[HFXWLYH��D�FDSDFLWă܊LORU�OLQJYLVWLFH�DOH�FRSLLORU��D�DELOLWă܊LOH�ORU�VRFLDOH��HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�GH�FRSLQJ��GDU܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�DWD܈DPHQWXOXL܈�L�D�XQRU�UHOD܊LL�SR]LWLYH�FX�SăULQ܊LL��$FHVWRUD�GLQ�XUPă�OH�VXQW�RIHULWH�WUDLQLQJXUL�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�PDQDJHPHQWXO�HPR܊LRQDO�vQ�VFR�SXO�GH�D�L�DMXWD�SH�FRSLL�Vă�VH�GH]YROWH�DUPRQLRV��GDU܈�L�SHQWUX�D�L�LPSOLFD�vQ�SURFHVXO܈�L�SDUFXUVXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�DO�FRSLLORU��(IHFWHOH�DFHVWXL�SURJUDP��H[WLQV�SH�PDL�PXO܊L�DQL�vQ�FDGUXO܈�FROLL�UHVSHFWLYH��DX�IRVW�YDOLGDWH܈�L�SXEOLFDWH�vQ�PDL�PXOWH�UHYLVWH�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�GLQ�$UJHQWLQD��vQFHSkQG�FX�DQXO�������5LFKDXG�GH�0LQ]L�����������D��2URV��������*KLJOLRQH��������/HPRV��������,JOHVLD܈�L�/ySH]��������

([HPSOXO� ��� 3RVLWLYH� (PRWLRQDO� &OLPDWH� LQ� &ODVVURRPV� 3URJUDPPH

�&(3$���)LLQG�XQXO�GLQWUH�SURJUDPHOH�YDOLGDWH܈�L�DSUHFLDWH�GH�FăWUH܈�FROLOH�

Page 158: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

GLQ�SURYLQFLD�%XHQRV�$LUHV��&DSSL��&KULVWHOOR܈��L�0DULQR���������&(3$�HVWH�PDL�GHJUDEă�XQ�WRRONLW��XQ�LQVWUXPHQW�GH�OXFUX�SHQWUX�SURIHVRULL�FDUH�YRU�Vă�IRORVHDVFă�LPDJLQD܊LD܈�L�FUHDWLYLWDWHD�FRSLLORU�SHQWUX�D�OH�GH]YROWD�DELOLWă܊LOH�PHWDFRJQLWLYH��VWLPD�GH�VLQH܈�L�DXWRQRPLD��DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��vQWU�XQ�FOLPDW�HGXFD܊LRQDO�SR]LWLY܈�L�VXSRUWLY��3URJUDPXO�VH�DGUHVHD]ă�QX�GRDU�SURIHVRULORU��FL܈�L�SHGDJRJLORU܈�L�SVLKRSHGDJRJLORU��FDUH�SDUWLFLSă�OD�XQ�SUR�JUDP�GH�IRUPDUH�SURIHVLRQDOă܈�L�GH]YROWDUH�SHUVRQDOă�SHQWU�D�SXWHD�OXFUD�FX�HPR܊LLOH�FRSLLORU�GH��±��DQL��SURJUDP�vQ�FDUH�vQYD܊ă�GHVSUH�,(��VWUXFWXUD�FUH�LHUXOXL�� OHJăWXUD�GLQWUH� FRJQL܊LH�HPR܊LH�PHGLXO� H[WHULRU� HWF���0DWHULDOHOH�GLQ�SURJUDP�VXQW�VWUXFWXUDWH�vQ���FDWHJRULL�±�PDWHULDOH�SHQWUX�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GH�JUXS��GH� OD�FODVă܈�L�PDWHULDOH�SHQWUX�DFWLYLWă܊LOH� LQGLYLGXODOH��RIHULQG�DVWIHO�RFD]LL�EXQH�GH�DXWR�UHÀHF܊LH�SHQWUX�FDGUXO�GLGDFWLF��3H�OkQJă�¿܈H�GH�OXFUX܈�L�FăU܊L�GH�SRYH܈WL��DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GH�UHOD[DUH��WHKQLFLOH�GH�UHVSLUD܊LH��DUWHOH��VXQW�IRORVLWH�WRDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�SURJUDPXOXL�SHQWUX�D�L�DMXWD�SH�FRSLL�Vă�Fk܈WLJH�DXWRFRQWRO��Vă�v܈L�GH]YROWH�PDWDFRJQL܊LD��HPSDWLD�HWF��

Australia

a. Context general

Australia HVWH�XQD�GLQWUH܊�ăULOH�GHYRWDWH�FXUHQWXOXL�6(/��FD�XUPDUH�D�SUR�EOHPHORU�GH�VăQăWDWH�PHQWDOă�DOH� WLQHULORU�GHSLVWDWH� vQ�DQLL�������&RQIRUP�VWDWLVWLFLORU�QD܊LRQDOH��*LGOH\�������������GLQWUH�WLQHULL�FX�YkUVWH�FXSULQVH�vQ�WUH� ��� �L܈ ��� GH� DQL� VXIHUHDX� GH� WXOEXUăUL�PHQWDOH�� GLQ� FDUH� SH� SULPXO� ORF�HUDX�GHSUHVLD��DQ[LHWDWHD܈�L�DEX]XO�GH�VXEVWDQ܊ă��HIHFWHOH�LPHGLDWH�DX�IRVW�VXLFLGXO�ULGLFDW�vQ�UkQGXO�EăUED܊LORU�WLQHUL��WXOEXUăULOH�VRPDWLFH܈�L�DXWR�UăQLUHD��'H܈L� IDFWRULL�GH� ULVF܈�L� FHL�SURWHFWLYL� VXQW�QXPHUR܈L�DWXQFL� FkQG�VH�GLVFXWă�GHVSUH�GLVWUHV�SVLKRORJLF��DXWRUăQLUH܈�L� YLROHQ܊ă� vQ� UkQGXO� WLQHULORU�� UDSRUWXO�$5$&<�5DSRUW�&DUG��������UHDOL]DW�vQ�FRODERUDUH�FX�81,&()�D�PHQ܊LRQDW�FRQWH[WXO܈�FRODU�FD�¿LQG�¿H�IDFWRU�GH�ULVF��¿H�IDFWRU�SURWHFWLY��'LQ�DFHO�PR�PHQW��SUHRFXSăULOH�SHQWUX�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�D�DXVWUDOL�HQLORU�D�GHYHQLW�SULRULWDWH�QD܊LRQDOă��SULQFLSLLOH�&$6(/�¿LQG�LQWHJUDWH�vQ�FXU�ULFXOXPXO�MindMatters� �������±�FHQWUDW�SH�VăQăWDWHD�PHQWDOă܈�L�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�D�OLFHHQLORU܈�L�KidsMatter��������±�DGUHVDW�FRSLLORU�GLQ�vQYă܊ăPkQWXO�SUL�PDU��6WXGLLOH�DX�DUăWDW� vQVă�Fă�� vQ�FLXGD�H¿FLHQ܊HL� ORU��FHOH�GRXă�SURJUDPH�GH� LQWHUYHQ܊LH� �WDUJHWHG� SURJUDPPHV�� QX� VXQW� VX¿FLHQWH� SHQWUX� D� DFRSHUL�WRDWH�SUREOHPHOH�WLQHULORU��PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�JXYHUQXO�D�vQFHUFDW�R�DERUGDUH�KROLVWLFă� �L܈ QX� GRDU� XQD� FXUULFXODUă��$VWIHO� SROLWLFLOH� HGXFD܊LRQDOH� �H[�� 7KH�1DWLRQDO�(GXFDWLRQ�$JUHHPHQW�GLQ�������,QYHVWLJDWLQJ�LQ�WKH�(DUO\�<HDUV�GLQ�������7KH�$XVWUDOLDQ�1DWLRQDO�&XUULFXOXP��DX�vQFHSXW�Vă�XWLOL]H]H�FRQFHSWXO�GH�6((�±�VRFLDO�DQG�HPRWLRQDO�(GXFDWLRQ��HGXFD܊LH�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă��FDUH�GHVFULH�DERUGDUHD�ÄFXUULFXOXP�EDVHG´�VSHFL¿Fă�&$6(/��SUHFXP܈�L�SUR�JUDPHOH�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�DELOLWă܊L�VSHFL¿FH��3HQWUX�FHL�FDUH�QX�

Page 159: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

DX�DFFHV� OD�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH�GHUXODWH�vQ܈�FROL��H[LVWă�R�VHULH�GH�SURJUD�PH�UHVXUVă�FDUH�VH�DFFHVHD]ă�RQOLQH܈�L�VXQW�DGUHVDWH�SăULQ܊LORU��JUXSXULORU�GH]DYDQWDMDWH�VDX�VH�IRFDOL]HD]ă�H[SOLFLW�GRDU�SH�DQXPLWH�SUREOHPH��GH�H[��Beyond Blue�±�SURJUDP�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�LQWHUYHQ܊LL�SHQWUX�GHSUHVLH��DQ[LHWDWH��DEX]�GH�VXEVWDQ܊H��7KH�,QVLSUH�)RXQGDWLRQ�±�RIHUă�SURJUDPH�GH�SUHYHQ܊LH�D�VXLFLGXOXL��Parenting Australia�±�VXSRUW�RQOLQH�SHQWUX� IHPHLOH� vQVăUFLQDWH��5�L�IDPLOLLOH�FX�FRSLL�VXE���DQL܈DLVLQJ�&KLOGUHQ�1HWZRUN�±�VLWH�FX�LQIRUPD܊LL�SUDFWLFH܈�L�DFWLYLWă܊L�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�FRSLLORU�FX�YkUVWH�vQWUH܈���L����DQL�HWF���'H�DVHPHQHD��H[LVWă�R�VHULH�GH�SURLHFWH�GHVWLQDWH�FUH܈WHULL�VWăULL�GH�ELQH܈�L�D�UH]LOLHQ܊HL�SRSXOD܊LHL�WLQHUH�GH�LQGLJHQL��UHIXJLD܊L܈�L�D�WLQHULORU�FDUH�WUăLHVF�SH�VWUă]L��SURJUDPH�DO�FăURU�VFRS�HVWH�GH]YROWDUHD�VWLPHL�GH�VLQH��D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��IRORVLQG�UHVXUVHOH܈�L�FRQWH[WXO�vQ�FDUH�DFH܈WLD�VH�DÀă��'H�DVHPHQHD��HGXFD܊LD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�QX�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�GRDU�SULQ�SUR�JUDPHOH�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH܈�L�SUHYHQ܊LH�VSHFL¿FH��FL܈�L�SULQWU�R�VHULH�GH�DERUGăUL�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�SRVWIRUPDOH��SHGDJRJLD�LXELULL��SHGDJRJLD�YLH܊LL��D�vQ܊HOHSFLXQLL��L�D�OLPEDMXOXL��FDUH�IXQGDPHQWHD]ă�SHGDJRJLD�6WHLQHU�VDX�0RQWHVVRUL��FRQ܈VLGHUDWH� GH� FăWUH� JXYHUQXO� DXVWUDOLDQ� FD� �L܈ FXUULFXOD� QD܊LRQDOH� DOWHUQDWLYH��DOăWXUL�GH�EDFDODXUHDWXO�LQWHUQD܊LRQDO܈�L�FHO�&DPEULGJH���LDU܈�FROLOH�FDUH�XWLOL�]HD]ă�DVWIHO�GH�DERUGăUL�VXQW�FRQVLGHUDWH�H[HPSOH�GH�VXFFHV�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�6(/��*LGOH\���������5DSRUWDW�WRW�OD�SROLWLFL�SXEOLFH��HVWH�GHPQ�GH�PHQ܊LRQDW�IDSWXO�Fă�JXYHUQXO�DXVWUDOLDQ�VXV܊LQH�IRUPDUHD�SUH�VHUYLFH�D�HGX�FDWRULORU�SULQWU�R�SODWIRUPă�FX�UHVXUVH�PHGLD�JUDWXLWH��5HVSRQGH�$ELOLW\��GLV�SRQLELOH�SHQWUX�PHGLXO�XQLYHUVLWDU܈�L�VXSRUW�SUDFWLF�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�GLQ�vQYă܊ăPkQWXO�VHFXQGDU��)RORVLQG�FD�PHWRGă�SUREOHPDWL]DUHD��DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GH�SH�SODWIRUPă�FRQWULEXLH�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�SUDFWLFH�DOH�XWLOL]DWRULORU�SHQWUX�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�FRSLLORU�DÀD܊L�vQ�VLWXD܊LL�GH�ULVF��GDU܈�L�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�VWUDWHJLLORU�UH]LOLHQWH�QHFHVDUH�DFHVWRUD�GLQ�XUPă��

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO� ��� MindMatters� HVWH� XQ� SURJUDP� FDGUX� DGUHVDW� HOHYLORU�� FX� R�DERGDUH�FRPSUHKHQVLYă�GH�WLS�ZKROH�VFRRO�DSSURDFK��3HQWUX�D� LPSOHPHQ�WD�DFHDVWă�DERUGDUH�� FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH� WUHEXLH� Vă�SDUWLFLSH� OD� XQ�SURJUDP�GH�IRUPDUH�vQ�FDUH�VXQW�IDPLOLDUL]DWH�FX�PDWHULDOHOH��VSHFL¿FXO�SURJUDPXOXL��L܈ SkUJKLLOH� SULQ� FDUH� SRW� UHDOL]D� XQ� FOLPDW� VXSRUWLY� �L܈ DIHFWLY� SHQWUX� HOHYL��L܈ FKLDU�SăULQ܊L��$FHDVWă� IRUPDUH�VH�SRDWH� UHDOL]D�FKLDU�RQOLQH� �ZZZ�PLQG�PDWWHUV�HGX�DX��� ,QFOX]kQG� PRGXOH� GHVSUH� EXOO\LQJ�� SUHYHQ܊LD� VXLFLGXOXL��FUH܈WHUHD� UH]LOLHQ܊HL�� SURJUDPXO� VH�D[HD]ă�SH� WUHL� SULQFLSLL�&$6(/�±�DXWR�FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD܈�L� DXWR�PDQDJHPHQW�� FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD�VRFLDOă� �L܈ DELOLWă܊L� GH�UHOD܊LRQDUH�� OXDUHD�GH�GHFL]LL� UHVSRQVDELOH��6WXGLLOH� UHDOL]DWH�DUDWă� Fă�SUR�JUDPXO�HVWH�H¿FLHQW�vQ�SURGXFHUHD�VFKLPEăULORU�GRULWH�vQ܈�FROL��*LGOH\���������L�FKLDU�GH�SURPRYDUH܈�LH܊LH��SUHYHQ܊L�SRDWH�¿�IRORVLW�FD�SURJUDP�GH�LQWHUYHQ܈SHQWUX�VăQăWDWHD�PHQWDOă�

Page 160: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

([HPSOXO����KidsMatter�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH]YROWDW� vQ�XUPD�VWDWLVWLFLORU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�VăQăWDWHD�PHQWDOă�D�FRSLLORU܈�L�HVWH�VXV܊LQXW܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDW�FX�DMX�WRUXO�PDL�PXOWRU�DJHQ܊L�VRFLDOL��VWDNHKROGHUV���/D�ED]D�SURJUDPXOXL�VWDX�SULQ�FLSLLOH�&$6(/��SULQWUH�FRPSRQHQWHOH�RELHFWLYHOH�SURJUDPXOXL�QXPăUkQGX�VH�FUHDUHD� XQHL� FRPXQLWă܊L� �FRODUH܈ SR]LWLYH�� VXSRUWXO� SDUHQWDO� �L܈ HGXFD܊LRQDO��LQWHUYHQ܊LL�WLPSXULL�SHQWUX�FRSLL�FDUH�vQWkPSLQă�SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH�PHQWDOă��LRQDOă�D�FRSLLORU��8Q�SXQFW�IRUWH�DO�SURJUDPXOXL܊L�HPR܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈±�FDUH�PHULWă�PHQ܊LRQDW�DLFL�±�HVWH�DWHQ܊LD�DFRUGDWă�QDWLYLORU��DERULJHQL��DXV�WUDOLHQL܈�L�QDWLYLORU�GLQ�6WUkPWRDUHD�7RUUHV�SULQ�DGDSWDUHD�PDWHULDOHORU܈�L�UH�VXUVHORU�GLQ�SURJUDP�OD�FXOWXUD�ORU�VSHFL¿Fă��3H�OkQJă�DOWH�FRPSHWHQ܊H��VFR�SXO�SURJUDPXOXL�HVWH�GH�D�GH]YROWD��DELOLWă܊L�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��PRWLYD܊LD��UH]LOLHQ܊D��UH]ROYDUHD�FRQÀLFWHORU��PDQDJHPHQW�FRPSRUWDPHQWDO��

([HPSOXO� ���6HDVRQV� IRU�*URZWK� HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�DGUHVDW� FRSLLORU� ��±���DQL��FDUH�DUH�FD�VFRS�GH]YROWDUHD�VWăULL�GH�ELQH�HPR܊LRQDO܈�L�VRFLDO�SHQWUX�FR�SLL�FDUH�H[SHULHQ܊LD]ă�DX�H[SHULHQ܊LDW�GXUHUHD�HPR܊LRQDOă܈�L�SLHUGHUHD��grief and loss�FDX]DWH�GH�VHSDUDUHD�GH�SăULQ܊L��GLYRU܊XO�SăULQ܊LORU��GL]DELOLWDWHD�VDX�ERDOD��DGRS܊LD���$FWLYLWă܊LOH�PHGLDWH�GH�XQ�DGXOW�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�SH�SDUFXUVXO�D���VăSWăPkQL��vQ�JUXSXUL�PLFL��VDX�SHUHFKL�GH�FRSLL�FDUH�WUHF�SULQ�DFHHD܈L�VLWXD܊LH�� vQ�FDUH�VH�GLVFXWă�GHVSUH�PRGDOLWă܊L�GLIHULWH�GH�D�SHUFHSH� UHDOLWD�WHD��XQ�SURFHV�GH�vQYă܊DUH�D�XQRU�VWUDWHJLL�GH�FRSLQJ�UH]LOLHQ܊ă�SULQ�FDUH�VH�GH]YROWă�DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�� OXDUH�GH�GHFL]LL�� UH]ROYDUH�GH�SUREOHPH��L�D�vQFUHGHULL�vQ�VLQH���3URJUDPXO�HVWH܈�L�LPSOLFLW�GH]YROWDUHD�VWLPHL�GH�VLQH܈FRQVWLWXLW�GLQ���QLYHOXUL�DGDSWDWH�QLYHOXULORU�GH�YkUVWă�FDUH�FXSULQG�DFWLYLWă܊L�GH�H[SULPDUH�FUHDWLYă��DUWă��PLPă��DFWLYLWă܊L�FX�SODVWLOLQă��SRYH܈WL��GLVFX܊LL��MRFXUL�GH� URO��PX]LFă��DFWLYLWă܊L� MXUQDOLVWLFH���$SOLFDW� vQ܈�FROL�GLQ�$XVWUDOLD� vQFă�GLQ�������SURJUDPXO܈�L�D�GRYHGLW�H¿FLHQ܊D�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�UH]LOLHQ܊HL܈�L�D�VWăULL�GH�ELQH�HPR܊LRQDOă܈�L�VRFLDOă܈�L�HVWH�DSOLFDW܈�L�vQ�DOWH܊�ăUL��*LGOH\��������

Austria

a. Context general

'LQ� ������ GH� FkQG� D� GHYHQLW� �DUă�PHPEUă܊ D�8QLXQLL� (XURSHQH��$XVWULD� D�vQFHUFDW� Vă� v܈L� vPEXQăWă܊HDVFă� VLVWHPXO� GH� vQYă܊ăPkQW� SULQWU�R� VHULH� GH�VFKLPEăUL� FDUH�DX� YL]DW�PDL�PXOW� DORFDUHD�GH� IRQGXUL� VSUH�XQ� vQYă܊ăPkQW�DFDGHPLF��GH]YROWDUHD�LQVWLWX܊LRQDOă܈�L�SUHJăWLUHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH���GHFkW�VSUH�DWLQJHUHD�XQXL�GH]LGHUDW�GH�ÄHGXFDUH�D�vQWUHJXOXL�FRSLO´��(YDOXăULOH�3,6$������L܈������L�UDSRDUWHOH�2(&'�GLQ܈�VXEOLQLD]ă�IDSWXO�Fă�HGXFD܊LD�QX�HVWH�R�SULRULWDWH�QD܊LRQDOă�� LDU� UH]XOWDWHOH�VODEH�DOH�FRSLLORU�GH� LPLJUDQ܊L�FRPSD�UDWLY� FX� DOH� QDWLYLORU� DXVWULHFL� D� IRVW� H[SOLFDWă� SULQ� OLSVD� SUHJăWLULL� FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�SHQWUX�DFWLYLWDWHD�FX�DFH܈WL�FRSLL��/HLERYLFL�0�KOEHUJHU܈�L�*UHXOLFK���������'H�DVHPHQHD��V�D�FRQVWDWDW�IDSWXO�Fă�DOHJHULOH�GH�FDULHUă�DOH�FRSL�

Page 161: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

LORU�GHSă܈HDX�IRDUWH�SX܊LQ�VDX�GHORF�QLYHOXO�GH�FDOL¿FDUH�D�SăULQ܊LORU��DFHVW�OXFUX�GDWRUDW�SRDWH�IDSWXOXL�Fă�DOHJHUHD�XQHL�FDULHUH�DUH�ORF�OD�YkUVWD�GH����DQL��FkQG�FRSLOXO�RSWHD]ă��VDX�vL�HVWH�LPSXVă��UXWD�GH�HGXFD܊LH�JLPQD]LDOă��&KLDU�GDFă�LQL܊LDWLYHOH�0LQLVWHUXOXL�(GXFD܊LHL�VXQW�OăXGDELOH��GH�H[HPSOX�QR�LOH܈�FROL�JLPQD]LDOH�FDUH�LQWHJUHD]ă�UXWHOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH��SURJUDPXO�SHQWUX�UHGXFHUHD�YLROHQ܊HL�MXYHQLOH܈�L�FUH܈WHUHD�QXPăUXOXL�GH�SVLKRORJL܈�FRODUL���LDU�SURFHVXO�GH�IRUPDUH�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�D�IRVW�UHVWUXFWXUDW�vQ�D܈D�IHO�vQFkW�Vă�UăVSXQGă�QRUPDWLYHORU�HXURSHQH��HGXFD܊LD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�QX�HVWH�R�SULRULWDWH��ÌQ�OLSVD�XQHL�LQL܊LDWLYH�OHJLVODWLYH�vQ�DFHVW�VHQV��vQ�DQXO�������vQ�FDGUXO�0LQLVWHUXOXL�(GXFD܊LHL�D� IRVW� vQ¿LQ܊DW�&HQWUXO�DXVWULDF�SHQWUX�GH]YRO�WDUHD�SHUVRQDOLWă܊LL܈�L�vQYă܊DUH�VRFLDOă�±�7KH�$XVWULDQ�&HQWUH�IRU�3HUVRQDOLW\�'HYHORSPHQW�DQG�6RFLDO�/HDUQLQJ��g=(36��±�DO�FăUXL�VFRS�HVWH�GH�D�DVLJXUD�IRUPDUHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��VWDELOLUHD�VWDQGDUGHORU�SURIHVLRQDOH܈�L�GH]YRO�WDUHD� LQVWLWX܊LRQDOă� vQ�VFRSXO�GH]YROWăULL� DELOLWă܊LORU�SHUVRQDOH܈�L� VRFLDOH�DOH�FRSLLORU��$OWIHO� VSXV��PLVLXQHD� FHQWUXOXL� HVWH� GH� D� FRQWULEXL� OD� GH]YROWDUHD�SHUVRQDOLWă܊LL�SURIHVRULORU܈�L�HOHYLORU�DVWIHO�vQFkW�DFH܈WLD�Vă�DLEă�R�UHOD܊LH�SR�]LWLYă�� GH� vQFUHGHUH�� FDUH� Vă� DVLJXUH� XQ� FOLPDW� SURSLFH� XQHL� vQYă܊ăUL� H¿FL�HQWH��SULQ�RIHULUHD�GH�WUDLQLQJXUL�GHVSUH�PHWRGH�QRL܈�L�H¿FLHQWH�GH�SUHGDUH�D�vQYă܊ăULL�VRFLDOH��RIHULUHD܈�L�FUHDUHD�GH�PDWHULDOH�GLGDFWLFH�� LPSOLFDUHD�vQ�IRUPDUHD�LQL܊LDOă�D�SURIHVRULORU܈�L�PRQLWRUL]DUHD܈�L�HYDOXDUHD�PRGXOXL�vQ�FDUH�VH�GHVIă܈RDUă�vQYă܊DUHD�VRFLDOă�vQ܈�FROL��'H܈L�SX܊LQH��H[LVWă�FkWHYD�LQL܊LDWLYH�GHPQH�GH�OXDW�vQ�VHDPă�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�OD�FRSLL�

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����3URJUDPXO�6FKXOIDFK�*O�FN���:HOO�EHLQJ��D�IRVW�SLORWDW�LQL܊LDO�vQ������vQ܈�DVH܈�FROL�GLQ�6W\ULD��UHJLXQH�GLQ�$XVWULD��� LDU�DFXP�HVWH�LPSOH�PHQWDW�vQ����GH�JUăGLQL܊H܈��FROL�SULPDUH܈�L�VHFXQGDUH��$FHVW�SURJUDP�D�IRVW�GH]YROWDW�GH�FăWUH�(UQVW�)ULW]�6FKXEHUW��FDUH�LQWURGXFH�FRQFHSWXO�GH�ÄJOXFN´�±�ÄWR�EH�KDSS\´�FD�VWDUH�GH�PRPHQW��GDU�SH�FDUH�vO�GH¿QH܈WH�FD�VHQWLPHQW�GH�EXQăVWDUH�JHQHUDOă�vQ�YLD܊D�LQGLYLGXOXL��ZHOO�EHLQJ���3URJUDPXO�D�DYXW�LQL܊LDO�R�GXUDWă�GH���DQL܈�L�R�FXUULFXOD�VSHFL¿Fă��GLIHUHQ܊LDWă�SHQWUX�D�DFRSHUL�WRDWH�QLYHOXULOH܈�FRODUH���±���DQL�܈�L�HVWH�VWUXFWXUDW�SH���PRGXOH�����7KH�(QMR\PHQW�RI�/LIH��VFRSXO�PRGXOXOXL�HVWH�GH�D�VSRUL�SR]LWLYLVPXO�HOHYLORU��RSWLPLVPXO�FX�SULYLUH� OD� SURSULD� LPDJLQH�� ZHOO�EHLQJ�XO� �L܈ LQWHUDF܊LXQLOH� UHVSHFWXRDVH� FX�FHLODO܊L������7KH�(QMR\PHQW�RI�3HUVRQDO�$FKLHYHPHQW��HOHYLL�VXQW�vQYă܊D܊L�Vă�YDGă�FXP�DQXPH�HIRUWXO܈�L�DQJDMDPHQWXO�DGXF�OD�OXPLQă�HPR܊LL�SR]LWLYH܈�L�Fă�IHULFLUHD�VDX�ZHOO�EHLQJ�XO�VXQW�GH�IDSW�SURFHVH�GLQDPLFH��vQ�FDUH�SRW�OXD�SDU�WH܈�L�vQ�FDUH�SRW�LQL܊LD�VFKLPEăUL�����1XWULWLRQ�DQG�3K\VLFDO�:HOO�%HLQJ��HOHYLL�VXQW�vQYă܊D܊L�GHVSUH�UHOD܊LD�GLQWUH�QXWUL܊LH܈�L�SHUIRUPDQ܊ă��FXP�DQXPH�RELFH�LXULOH�DOLPHQWDUH�DIHFWHD]ă�VăQăWDWHD������7KH�%RG\�LQ�0RWLRQ��VFRSXO�HVWH�GH�D�L�DMXWD�SH�HOHYL�Vă܈�L�GHD�VHDPD�GH�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�SH�FDUH�OH�IDF�GH�SOăFHUH��DWkW�LQGLYLGXDO��FkW܈�L�vQ�JUXS��HVWH�R�PRGDOLWDWH�GH�D܊�LQH�VXE�FRQWURO�DJUHVLYL�

Page 162: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

WDWHD��LDU�FRSLLL�vQ܊HOHJ�Fă�PL܈FDUHD�FRQWULEXLH�VHPQL¿FDWLY�OD�VWDUHD�JHQHUDOă�GH�VăQăWDWH܈�L�GH�ZHOO�EHLQJ�D� LQGLYLGXOXL������7KH�ERG\�DV� WKH�0HGLXP�RI�([SUHVVLRQ��PRGXOXO� OH�RIHUă�HOHYLORU�GLIHULWH�FRQWH[WH�SHQWUX�D�H[SORUD�FR�QH[LXQHD�GLQWUH�FRUS܈�L�PLQWH��OH�GH]YROWă�FUHDWLYLWDWHD܈�L�LPDJLQD܊LD��vL�vQYD܊ă�DVSHFWH�DOH�GLIHULWHORU� UROXUL�VRFLDOH������7KH�6HOI�DQG�6RFLDO�5HVSRQVLELOLW\��PRGXOXO�DUH�FD�VFRS�Vă�vL�IDFă�SH�HOHYL�Vă�VH�LPSOLFH�DFWLY�vQ�FăXWDUHD�VWăULL�GH�ZHOO�EHLQJ�SULQ�HPSDWLH܈�L�DOWUXLVP܈�L�WRWRGDWă�Vă�VHUYHDVFă�XQRU�DF܊LXQL�FăWUH�FRPXQLWDWH��

([HPSOXO����Kommunication und Sozialkompetenz® �.R6R�±�&RPPXQLFDWLRQ�DQG�6RFLDO�&RPSHWHQFH���HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�ÄR¿FLDO´�GH]YROWDW�GH�'U��5HQDWH�:XVWLQJHU� VSHFLDO� SHQWUX� �FRDOD܇ 6LU� .DUO� 3RSSHU� GLQ� 9LHQD�� 3URJUDPXO�HVWH�LPSOHPHQWDW�vQ�$XVWULD��*HUPDQLD܈�L�(OYH܊LD��VFRSXO�VăX�¿LQG�GH]YROWD�UHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�FRPXQLFDUH��.R6R�HVWH�FRQVLGHUDW�GHRSRWULYă�XQ�VXELHFW��L܈ R� PHWD�PHWRGRORJLH� SHQWUX� FRPXQLFDUHD� LQWHUSHUVRQDOă�� SULQ� FDUH� HOH�YLL� H[SHULHQ܊LD]ă� FRPSOH[LWDWHD� FRPXQLFăULL�� REVHUYă� �L܈ VH� LQFOXG� SH� HL� vQ�REVHUYD܊LH��FHHD�FH�GXFH�OD�vQYă܊DUH��.R6R�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�DFWLYLWDWH��FHHD�FH�vQVHDPQă�Fă�VLPXOăULOH��SURYRFăULOH��MRFXULOH�GH�URO��LPSURYL]D܊LLOH�WHDWUDOH�VXQW�PHWRGH�LPSRUWDQWH�GH�SUHGDUH��6XQW�YL]DWH�WUHL�GLPHQVLXQL�GH�GH]YRO�WDUH�SHUVRQDOă��SHUVRQDOLWDWHD�±�vPEXQăWă܊LUHD�SUHJăWLULL�SHQWUX�VFKLPEDUH��FXQR܈WLQWH�±� vPEXQăWă܊LUHD�DELOLWă܊LL� GH�D� OXD�GHFL]LL�� LQWHUDF܊LXQH�VRFLDOă�±�vPEXQăWă܊LUHD�FRPXQLFăULL��0DWHULD�HVWH�SUHGDWă�HOHYLORU�GLQ�XOWLPLL�SDWUX�DQL�GH܈�FRDOă����OHF܊LL�REOLJDWRULL�SH�VăSWăPkQă�SHQWUX�FODVHOH��±���DSUR[���±���DQL��� LDU�GLQ�����������SRDWH�¿�DOHDVă�PDWHULD�GH�H[DPHQ܈�L�DEVROYLUH�GH�FăWUH�HOHYL�

1LYHOXO� GH� GH]YROWDUH� VRFLDOă�� FRJQLWLYă�� HPR܊LRQDOă� OD� FDUH� SRDWH� DMXQJH�XQ�HOHY�GHSLQGH� vQ�SULPXO� UkQG�GH� LPSOLFDUHD�SHUVRQDOă��3URIHVRUXO� DUH�R�LQÀXHQ܊ă�FRORVDOă��LDU�FXQR܈WLQWHOH�VDOH��SHUVRQDOLWDWHD܈�L�H[SHULHQ܊D�VXQW�IDF�WRUL�GHWHUPLQDQ܊L�DL�H¿FLHQ܊HL�FXUVXOXL��ÌQ�DFHVW�VHQV��SURIHVRULL�FDUH�SUHGDX�.R6R�WUHF�SULQWU�XQ�SURFHV�GH�SUHJăWLUH�DOăWXUL�GH�'U��:XVWLQJHU�DERUGkQG�WHPH�SUHFXP��IXQGDPHQWHOH܈�L�HVHQ܊D�.R6R��SULQFLSLLOH�GLGDFWLFH�SHQWUX�SUH�GDUHD�.R6R��PRGHOH�GH�FRPXQLFDUH��IHHGEDFN��DFWLYLWă܊L�SHQWUX�SHUFHS܊LH܈�L�LQWHUSUHWDUH�HWF�

([HPSOXO����6FK�OHU,QQHQVFKXOH�HVWH�R܈�FRDOă�SHQWUX�HOHYL�FX�YkUVWH�FX�SULQVH�vQWUH���LRDOă�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�SULQFLSLL܊L����DQL�D�FăUHL�¿ORVR¿H�HGXFD܈�GHPRFUDWLFH��FăXWkQG�Vă�RSHUH]H�SH�SULQFLSLXO�OXăULL�GH�GHFL]LL܈�L�FRQVWUXLUHD�XQRU�VROX܊LL�vPSăUWă܈LWH�OD�SUREOHPH��0HPEULL�FRPXQLWă܊LL܈�FRODUH�WUHEXLH�Vă�UHVSHFWH�XQ�VHW�GH�YDORUL܈�L�SULQFLSLL�SUHFXP�QRQ�YLROHQ܊D��FRPSRUWDPHQWXO�UHVSHFWXRV��UHVSHFWDUHD�XQLFLWă܊LL�SHUVRDQHL��LDU�FX�DMXWRUXO�DFHVWRU�YDORUL�VH�FUHHD]ă�R�DWPRVIHUă�GH�vQ܊HOHJHUH�SHQWUX�¿HFDUH�LQGLYLG��Schülerinnenschule

D�GHYHQLW�XQ�SXQFW�GH�UHSHU܈�L�XQ�PRGHO�SHQWUX�FHL�FDUH�YRU�Vă�VH�UHRULHQ�

Page 163: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

WH]H�GLQVSUH�R�DERUGDUH�FHQWUDWă�SH�vQYD܊DUHD�DFDGHPLFă�WUDGL܊LRQDOă��VSUH�HGXFD܊LD� VRFLDOă� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOă�� XQGH� VFRSXULOH� DFDGHPLFH� SHUVRQDOH� VXQW�GH]EăWXWH�FX�¿HFDUH�HOHY� vQ�SDUWH�� LDU�HOHYLL� v܈L�XUPHD]ă�SURSULXO�SURJUDP��3ăULQ܊LL�VXQW�LPSOLFD܊L�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD܈�FRODUă�D�FRSLLORU܈�L�DMXWă�OD�RUJDQL]DUHD�GLYHUVHORU�SURLHFWH�DOH�FODVHL�VDX܈�FROLL��FDUH�DX�UROXO�GH�D�GH]YROWD�FDSDFL�WDWHD�GH�OXFUX�vQ�HFKLSă��FRRSHUDUHD��DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�OLGHU��VWLPD�GH�VLQH��FDSD�FLWDWHD�GH�UH]ROYDUH�D�SUREOHPHORU܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�FUHDWLYLWă܊LL��D�ÀH[LEOLWă܊LL�vQ�UH]ROYDUHD�DQXPLWRU�VLWXD܊LL�GLQ�YLD܊ă��'XUDWD�SURLHFWHORU�YDULD]ă�vQWUH�FkWHYD�]LOH܈�L���VăSWăPkQL�� LDU�XQHRUL�VXQW� LPSOHPHQWDWH� OD�QLYHO� LQWHUQD܊LRQDO��H[��FăOăWRULL�VDX�SURLHFWH�FDUH�VH�GHUXOHD]ă�vQ�DOWH܊�ăUL��VDX�vQ�FRODERUDUH�FX܈�FROL�GLQ�DOWH܊�ăUL��

Canada

a. Context general

ÌQ�FLXGD�IDSWXOXL�Fă�HOHYLL�FDQDGLHQL�RE܊LQ�VFRUXUL�FDUH�SODVHD]ă�&DQDGD�vQ�SULPHOH܊����ăUL�GLQ�OXPH�OD�HYDOXDUHD�3,6$���������FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�DJUH�VLYH� �L܈ EXOO\LQJ�XO� DX� FRQVWLWXLW� R� SUREOHPă� IUHFYHQWă� �L܈ GHVWXO� GH� VHYHUă��vQWUH܈���L�����GLQWUH�FRSLLL�GH���DQL� vQUHJLVWUkQG�VFRUXUL�VFă]XWH� OD�QLYHOXO�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��/H�0DUH���������'H܈L� LPSOHPHQWDUHD�HGXFD܊LHL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�D�vQWkPSLQDW�SUREOHPH�GHVWXO�GH�PDUL�vQ�DSOL�FDUH��&DQDGD�HVWH�SULQWUH�SX܊LQHOH܊�ăUL�DOH�FăUHL�SURJUDPH�VXQW��vQ�PDUH�SDUWH��IRDUWH�ELQH�IXQGDPHQWDWH�WHRUHWLF��([LVWă�WUHL�DERUGăUL�DOH�HGXFD܊LHL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��6((��±�D��DERUGDUHD�FRJQLWLY�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOă�FDUH�VWă�OD�ED]D�QXPHURVHORU�PDWHULDOH� �L܈ SURJUDPH�FDUH�GH]YROWă�HPSDWLD�� VWLPD�GH�VLQH��DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�UH]ROYDUH�D�SUREOHPHORU�VDX�DX�FD�VFRS�UHGXFHUHD�YLROHQ܊HL܈�L�D�EXOO\LQJ�XOXL��&H�DX�FD�SXQFW�FRPXQ�DFHVWH�SURJUDPH�HVWH�IDSWXO�Fă�GH]�YROWă�FRSLOXOXL�DELOLWă܊L�GH�JkQGLUH܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH�VXV܊LQkQG�H[SULPDUHD�HPR܊LLORU�vQWU�XQ�PRG�IXQF܊LRQDO��DVHUWLY��SULQFLSLLOH�GH�ED]ă�SXWkQG�¿�DSOLFDWH�SHQWUX�RULFH�VLWXD܊LH��'H�DVHPHQHD��PDWHULDOHOH�VLPSOH��FODUH��SRW�¿�XWLOL]DWH�IDUă�R�SUHJăWLUH�SUHDODELOă�D�FDGUXOXL�GLGDFWLF��E��DERUGDUHD�UHOD܊LRQDOă�SXQH�DFFHQWXO�SH�DELOLWDWHD�DGXOWXOXL�GH�D�RIHUL�FRSLOXOXL�XQ�FRQWH[W�vQ�FDUH�Vă�VH�VLPWă�vQJULMLW��SURWHMDW��cared for�܈�L�vQ�FDUH�Vă�H[LVWH�UHOD܊LL�VXSRUWLYH܈�L�VLQFH�UH��$OWIHO�VSXV��vQ�FDGUXO�DFHVWHL�DERUGăUL��GH]YROWDUHD�DFDGHPLFă��VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�D�FRSLOXOXL܈�L�DGROHVFHQWXOXL�GHSLQGH�GH�VLJXUDQ܊D܈�L�FOLPDWXO�SH�FDUH܈�FRDOD�vO�RIHUă��GH�FDOLWDWHD�UHOD܊LLORU�GLQWUH�HOHY܈�L�SURIHVRU��1RGGLQJV��������5DXQHU���������F��DERUGDUHD�LQGLJHQă��indigenous perspectives��XQGH�HVWH�YDORUL]DWă�UHOD܊LD�GLQWUH܈�FRDOă܈�L�FRPXQLWDWH��SăULQ܊LL܈�L�IDPLOLD�H[WLQVă�D�HOHYXOXL��GDU�PDL�DOHV�LGHQWLWDWHD�HWQLFă�LQGLJHQă�FDUH�DVLJXUă�WHPHOLD�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă��HPR܊LRQDOă܈�L�DFDGHPLFă��/H�0DUH���������$FHVWH�DERU�GăUL�VXQW�SUHOXDWH܈�L�DGDSWDWH� OD�VSHFL¿FXO�¿HFăUHL܈�FROL܈�L� UHJLXQL� vQ�SDUWH��¿HFDUH�GLQWUH�DFHVWHD�DYkQG�GLUHF܊LL܈�L�YL]LXQL�FODUH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�FH�vQVHDPQă�

Page 164: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

�FROLORU�GLQ܈�LRQDOă�OD�QLYHOXO܊L�HPR܈�LD�VRFLDOă܊L�FXP�VH�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�HGXFD܈GLVWULFWH��'H�DVHPHQHD��HVWH�GH�UHPDUFDW�IDSWXO�Fă�OD�QLYHOXO�XQLYHUVLWă܊LORU��GH�H[��%ULWLVK�&ROXPELD�8QLYHUVLW\܈�L�6LPRQ�)UDVHU�8QLYHUVLW\��FDUH�SUHJă�WHVF�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��H[LVWă�JUXSH�GH�VWXGHQ܊L�FDUH�VH� IRUPHD]ă�VSHFL¿F�SHQWUX�D�GH]YROWD�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�DOH�FRSLLORU��'H܈L�FRQ܊LQXWXO�HVWH�vQ�PDUH�SDUWH�WHRUHWLF��vQ܈�FROLOH�vQ�FDUH�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�SUDFWLFD�GH�SUR¿O��VWXGHQ܊LL�DX�SRVLELOLWDWHD�GH�D�H[SHULPHQWD�VWUDWHJLLOH�SULQ�FDUH�VH�GH]YROWă�XQ�FOLPDW�HGXFD܊LRQDO�VXSRUWLY��GH�D�WHVWD�GLYHUVH�WHKQLFL��PHWRGH܈�L�PDWHULDOH�VSHFL¿FH�6((��GH�D�FXQRD܈WH�SURJUDPH�VSHFL¿FH��6HFRQG�6WHS��6DIH7HHQ��0LQG8S��5RRWV�RI�(PSDWK\�HWF���'H�DVHPHQHD�H[LVWă�PRGXOH�VSHFLDOH�FDUH�VH� FHQWUHD]ă� SH� -XVWL܊LH� VRFLDOă� �6RFLDO� -XVWLFH��� UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH� VRFLDOă��HGXFD܊LH�HPR܊LRQDOă�VDX�ZRUN� OLIH��&H�QX�WUHEXLH� LJQRUDW�HVWH� IDSWXO�Fă�� vQ�FDGUXO� DFHVWRU�PRGXOH�� HVWH� YL]DWă� �L܈ GH]YROWDUHD� SHUVRQDOă� D� VWXGHQ܊LORU��GH]YROWDUHD�ORU�GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�VRFLDO܈�L�HPR܊LRQDO���&KLDU�GDFă�PDMRUL�WDWHD�SURJUDPHORU�6(/�XWLOL]DWH�vQ܈�FROLOH�FDQDGLHQH�VXQW�FHOH�SURPRYDWH�FD�¿LQG�YDOLGH�GH�FăWUH�&$6(/��H[��/LRQV�4XHVW��3$7+6��6$)(7((1��/HDYH�RXW�9LROHQFH���H[LVWă܈�L�R�VHULH�GH�SURJUDPH�GH]YROWDWH�OD�QLYHO�GLVWULFWXDO�FDUH�DX�XQ�LPSDFW�ULGLFDW�

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����)RFXV�RQ�%XOO\LQJ�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�SUHYHQ܊LH�SHQWUX܈�FROLOH�HOHPHQWDUH�� LPSOHPHQWDW� LQL܊LDO� vQ�%ULWLVK�&ROXPELD�� vQ�9DQFRXYHU܈�L�H[WLQV�DSRL�OD�QLYHOXO�vQWUHJLL�SURYLQFLL��)XQGDPHQWDW�SH�SULQFLSLLOH�&%7��SURJUDPXO�D�IRVW�GH]YROWDW�FD�R�VHULH�GH�OHF܊LL�FDUH�Vă�FRPSOHPHQWH]H�SURJUDPXO�&$6(/�6HFRQG�6WHS��$�9LROHQFH�3UHYHQWLRQ�3URJUDP��LDU�XOWHULRU��GDWH�¿LQG�UH]XOWD�WHOH�FHUFHWăULORU�FDQDGLHQH�DVXSUD�EXOO\LQJ�XOXL܈�L�FRQWH[WXOXL�VRFLDO�VSHFL¿F��D�GHYHQLW�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�VLQH�VWăWăWRU��(VWH�DGUHVDW� vQ�SULPXO� UkQG�SURIH�VRULORU܈��L�FXSULQGH�R�VHULH�GH�PDWHULDOH�SHQWUX�DFH܈WLD��SHQWUX�FRQGXFHUHD��L�R�VHULH�GH܈�L�SURIHVRULL�GH�VSULMLQ��SUHFXP܈�FROLL��SHUVRQDOXO�DGPLQLVWUDWLY܈UHFRPQDGăUL�FX�SULYLUH�OD�FRODERUDUHD�FX�SăULQ܊LL܈�L�FX�FRPXQLWDWHD��ÌQ�DFHVW�SURJUDP�DJUHVLYLWDWHD�HVWH�Yă]XWă�FD�DYkQG�FDX]H܈�L�VXUVH�PXOWLSOH��DVWIHO�Fă�OHF܊LLOH܈�L�PDWHULDOHOH�UHFRPDQGDWH�QX�VXQW�FUHDWH�GRDU�SHQWUX�FRSLLL�FDUH�DX�DVWIHO� GH� FRPSRUWDPHQWH�� FL� vQWUHJLL� FODVH�FRPXQLWă܊L�� UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD�SHQWUX�XQ�FOLPDW�VLJXU܈�L�ÄFDULQJ´�¿LQG�D�WXWXURU��GH�H[HPSOX��DWHQ܊LD�SRDWH�¿�FHQWUDWă܈�L�DVXSUD�XQRU�VWUDWHJLL�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�DGUHVDWH�SHUVRDQHL�DJUHVDWH��QX�GRDU�DVXSUD�DF܊LXQLORU�DJUHVRUXOXL���$VWIHO�� VFRSXO�SURJUDPXO�HVWH�GH�D�FUH܈WH�FDSDFLWDWHD�FRSLLORU�GH�D�UH]ROYD�FRQÀLFWHOH��GH�D�UH]ROYD�SUREOHPH��GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOă��$FHVWH�RELHFWLYH�FRUHVSXQG�GH�DOWIHO�VFRSXOXL�SURJUDPXOXL�6HFRQG�6WHS��FDUH�D�VWDW�OD�ED]D�LQL܊LDWLYHL�FDQDGLHQH�

([HPSOXO����5RRWV�RI�(PSDW\��52(��HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�SULPDUă�FDUH�SURPRYHD]ă�vQ܊HOHJHUHD�HPR܊LRQDOă܈�L�VRFLDOă܈�L�HVWH��SRDWH��FHO�PDL�

Page 165: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

UăVSkQGLW�SURJUDP�FDQDGLDQ�GH�WLS�6((��DSOLFDW�LQFOXVLY�vQ܈�FROLOH�LQGLJHQH���'H܈L� VH� LPSOHPHQWHD]ă� vQ� WLPSXO� RUHORU� GH� FXUV�� XQ� LQVWUXFWRU� VSHFLDOL]DW�52(�SUHGă�FHOH����GH�OHF܊LL�SUHYă]XWH�vQ�SURJUDP�SH�SDUFXUVXO�vQWUHJXOXL�DQ��FRODU��¿HFDUH�DFWLYLWDWH�DYkQG�R�GXUDWă�GH�DSUR[LPDWLY����GH�PLQXWH��(VWH܈IRDUWH�GLIHULW�GH�DOWH�SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�6(/�GHRDUHFH�SUHVXSXQH�LQWHUDF܊LQHD�GLQWUH�FRSLL��LQGLIHUHQW�GH�YkUVWă�܈�L�XQ�EHEHOX܈�FDUH�YLQH�vQVR܊LW�vQ�FODVă�GH�FăWUH�SăULQWH܈�L�LQVWUXFWRUXO�52(��$FWLYLWă܊LOH�YL]HD]ă�LGHQWL¿FDUHD܈�L�XUPăUL�UHD�DFKL]L܊LLORU܈�L�D�HWDSHORU�FULWLFH�SHQWUX�D�vQ܊HOHJH�GH]YROWDUHD�XPDQă��vQ�JHQHUDO��'LVFXWkQGX�VH�GHVSUH�SURJUHVXO�EHEHOX܈XOXL��LQWHUDF܊LXQHD�FX�SăULQ�WHOH܈�L�H[SOLFD܊LLOH�LQVWUXFWRUXOXL�GHVSUH�HWDSHOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH��HOHYLL�YRUEHVF�GHVSUH�HPR܊LLOH�SH�FDUH�OH�VLPW��GHVSUH�H[SHULHQ܊H�VLPLODUH��H[SOLFă�GLYHUVH�SXQFWH�GH�YHGHUH�HWF��(YDOXăULOH�DFHVWXL�SURJUDP��6FKRQHUW�5HLFKO܈�L�6FRWW��������DX�DUăWDW�H¿FLHQ܊D�OXL�vQ�UHGXFHUHD�DJUHVLYLWă܊LL��FUH܈WHUHD�FRPSRUWD�PHQWHORU�SUR�VRFLDOH��D�vQ܊HOHJHULL�HPR܊LLORU܈�L�SHUFHS܊LD�VXSRUWXOXL�SULPLW�GLQ�SDUWHD�FROHJLORU�vQ�WLPSXO�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�

([HPSOXO� ���&HQWUXO� HGXFDрLRQDO�:K\WHFOLII� DERUGHD]ă� GH]YROWDUHD� VRFLD�Oă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYă�UHODрLRQDOă�XUPăULQG�Vă�UăVSXQGă�QHYRLORU�FUHVFXWH�DOH� WLQHULORU�DSDU܊LQkQG�JUXSXULORU�YXOQHUDELOH�GLQ�]RQD�9DQFRXYHU��WLQHUL�FX�WXOEXUăUL�GH�vQYă܊DUH��DEX]�GH�VXEVWDQ܊H��WXOEXUăUL�PHQWDOH��GH�LQ�WHUQDOL]DUH܈�L�H[WHUQDOL]DUH���)ăUă�D�IRORVL�SURJUDPH�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�VSHFL¿FH��DERUGDUHD܈�FROLL�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�FUHDUHD�XQRU�UHOD܊LL�VXSRUWLYH܈�L�GH�UHVSHFW�UHFLSURF��DVWIHO� vQFkW�Vă�SRDWă� UăVSXQGă� vQ�PRG�ÀH[LELO܈�L� vQ܊HOHSW�QHYRLORU�HOHYLORU��ÌQ�DFHVW�IHO��SURIHVRULL�VXQW�Yă]X܊L�FD�UHVXUVH��SDUWHQHUL�vQ�SURFHVXO�GH� vQYă܊DUH�� FD�DGXO܊L� FăURUD� OH� SDVă�GH�SUREOHPHOH� WLQHULORU� �L܈ FDUH�RIHUă�vL� DMWă� Vă� v܈L� GHVFRSHUH� LQWHUHVH�� UHVXUVHOH�GLVSRQLELOH�SHQWUX�D�VH�DGDSWD�SUREOHPHORU� FX� FDUH� VH� FRQIUXQWă� HWF�� 5H]XOWDWHOH� RE܊LQXWH� GH� WLQHULL� FDUH�IUHFYHQWDX�FHQWUXO�DX�SODVDW�SURJUDPXO�SULQWUH�LQL܊LDWLYHOH�GH�VXFFHV�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�DFWLYLWDWHD�FX�WLQHUL�DÀD܊L�vQ�VLWXD܊LL�GH�ULVF��6KDULII܈�L�FRODE����������2�DERUGDUH�DVHPăQăWRDUH�H[LVWă܈�L�vQ܈�FRDOD�3ULQ܊HVD�$OH[DQGUD܈��FRDOă�vQ�FDUH�vQYD܊ă�FRSLLL� LQGLJHQLORU��FX�YkUVWH�FXSULQVH�vQWUH܈���L����DQL���9DORULOH�SH�FDUH�OH�SURPRYHD]ă�LQVWLWX܊LD�VXQW�VLJXUDQ܊D��UHVSHFWXO��VWLPD�GH�VLQH܈�L�UHOD܊LRQDUHD��FRQQHFWHGQHVV���YDORUL�VWDELOLWH�vPSUHXQă�FX�SURIHVRULL��HOHYLL܈�L�SăULQ܊LL�GLQ܈�FRDOă�SHQWUX�D�L�DVLJXUD�SH�WR܊L�Fă�PHGLXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�HVWH�XQXO�GH�JULMă܈�L�UHVSHFW�ID܊ă�GH�FRSLL�

Danemarca

a. Context general

'DQHPDUFD��XQD�GLQWUH܊�ăULOH�UHFXQRVFXWH�FD�DYkQG�XQ�VLVWHP�GH�HGXFD܊LH�ÀH[LELO܈�L�FHQWUDW�SH�QHYRLOH�HOHYLORU��VH�DÀă�DFXP�vQWU�R�SHULRDGă�GH�WUDQ]L܊LH��GH� OD�R�HGXFD܊LH�RULHQWDWă�VSUH�VFRS� OD�R�HGXFD܊LH�RULHQWDWă�VSUH� UH]XOWDW��

Page 166: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

6FRUXULOH�VFă]XWH�OD�WHVWHOH�3,6$�GH�OD�vQFHSXWXO�DQLORU������DX�GHWHUPLQDW�LQWURGXFHUHD� vQ� ����� D�6FKRRO�$FW� �OHJHD� HGXFD܊LHL��� vQ� FDUH�� GH܈L� QX� V�D�UHQXQ܊DW�OD�RELHFWLYHOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă��DFFHQWXO�D�IRVW�SOD�VDW�SH�SHUIRUPDQ܊ă�DFDGHPLFă��LDU܈�FROLORU�OL�V�D�FHUXW�Vă�LQVLVWH�SH�UHX܈LWD��WH�VWDQGDUGH�DSURDSH܈WH�QL܈LH�GLQ������VWDELOH܊FRODUă��5HIRUPD�GLQ�HGXFD܈H[FOXVLY�ED]DWH�SH�SHUIRUPDQ܊ă�DFDGHPLFă��FHO�SX܊LQ�����GLQWUH�HOHYL�WUHEXLH�Vă�DLEă�UH]XOWDWH�EXQH�OD�OLPED�PDWHUQă܈�L�PDWHPDWLFă��FRQIRUP�HYDOXăULORU�QD܊LRQDOH���SHUIRUPDQ܊HOH�WUHEXLH�Vă�FUHDVFă�GH�OD�DQ�OD�DQ��LDU�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�D�FRSLLORU�WUHEXLH�Vă�FUHDVFă�OD�UkQGXO�VăX��3HGHUVHQ���������ÌQ�'DQHPDUFD�QX�H[LVWă�XQ�FXUULFXOXP�REOLJDWRULX�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�vQ܈�FROL��HOH�¿LQG�PDL�GHJUDEă�Yă]XWH�FD�LPSUHJQDWH�vQ�UHOD܊LD�GLQ�WUH�SURIHVRUL܈�L�HOHYL�OD�WRDWH�QLYHOXULOH��FDOLWDWHD�UHOD܊LHL�GLQWUH�HOHY܈�L�SURIHVRU�SXWkQG�¿�FDX]D�VDX�VROX܊LD�SHQWUX�SUREOHPHOH�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW܈�L�FHOH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�DOH�HOHYXOXL��ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�LQVWLWX܊LLOH�GH�WLS�GD\�FDUH��SHQWUX�FRSLL�GH��±����DQL܈�L�JUăGLQL܊H���DFWXO�QRUPDWLY�FDUH�OH�UHJOHD]ă�IXQF܊LRQDUHD��'D\�FDUH�$FW��VWLSXOHD]ă�FODU�DFFHQWXO�SH�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă��FRSLOXOXL� ¿LQGX�L� RIHULWH� RFD]LL� SHQWUX� H[SORUDUH�� H[SHULHQ܊LHUH�� GH]YROWDUHD�LQGHSHQGHQ܊HL��D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH��D�UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊LL�VRFLDOH܈�L�VROLGDULWă܊LL��SUHFXP܈�L�R�WUDQ]L܊LH�RSWLPă�VSUH܈�FRDOă��'H�DVHPHQHD��XQ�RELHFWLY�FHQWUDO�DO�DFHVWRU�LQVWLWX܊LL�HVWH�GH�D�UăVSXQGH�QHYRLORU�IDPLOLLORU�GLQ�FRPXQLWDWH��SHQWUX�D�SRWHQ܊D�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH�D�FRSLLORU��PHQWDOă��FRJQLWLYă��¿]LFă��

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����Programul 83�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�YDOLGDW��ED]DW�SH�ZKROH�VFKR�RO�DSSURDFK��GH]YROWDW�vQ�FDGUXO�SURJUDPXOXL�нFROLOH�SURPRYHD]D�VăQăWDWHD

�1LHOVHQ��0HLOVWUXS��1HODXVHQ��.RXVKHGH��+ROVWHLQ���������6FRSXO� OXL� HVWH�GH�D�SURPRYD�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�SULQ���PRGDOLWă܊L��DFWLYLWă܊L�HGXFDWLYH�SHQWUX܈�FRODUL� �FODVHOH��±����GH]YROWDUHD�SURIHVLRQDOă�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��LPSOLFDUHD�SăULQ܊LORU܈�L�LPSOLFDUHD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWHD܈�FRODUă�

([HPSOXO����8Q�H[HPSOX�GH�EXQă�SUDFWLFă�HVWH�%\�WKH�5RDG��9HG�9HMHQ��R� LQVWLWX܊LH�FDUH�FXSULQGH�FUH܈ă܈�L�JUăGLQL܊ă܈�L�FDUH�GH]YROWă�SULQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�VDOH�VWLPD�GH�VLQH�� vQFUHGHUHD� vQ�VLQH�� LQGHSHQGHQ܊D��H[SULPDUHD�FUHDWLYă��L�JkQGLUHD�LQGHSHQGHQWă��HPSDWLD��DELOLWDWHD�GH�UH]ROYDUH�D�FRQÀLFWHORU��GH܈H[SULPDUH�HPR܊LRQDOă܈�L�DOWHOH��2�SDUWLFXODULWDWH�D�LQVWLWX܊LHL�HVWH�DFFHQWXDO�SH�UHVSHFWXO�ID܊ă�GH�FRSLO��FRRSHUDUHD�FX�SăULQ܊LL��VSULMLQXO�UHFLSURF��OD�QLYHO�GH�FRSLL܈�L�FDGUH�܈�L�OLSVD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�SXQLWLYH�VDX�GLVFULPLQDWRULL�ID܊ă�GH�FRSLLL�FX�SUREOHPH�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW��

([HPSOXO� ��� )RUHVW� NLQGHUJDUWHQ� HVWH� XQ� DOW� H[HPSOX� GH� EXQă� SUDFWLFă�vQ� FHHD� FH� SULYH܈WH� HGXFD܊LD� SUH܈FRODULORU�� &RQFHSWXO�� vQWkOQLW� vQ� �FROL܈ GLQ�6FDQGLQDYLD܈�L�*HUPDQLD��SUHVXSXQH�DFWLYLWă܊L� OLEHU�DOHVH��ÄQHVXSHUYL]DWH´��UHDOL]DWH�vQ�SăGXUH��UH]XOWDWXO�SULQFLSDO�DO�DFHVWHL�SHGDJRJLL�¿LQG�R�GH]YROWD�

Page 167: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

UH�VHPQL¿FDWLYă�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH��FRPSDUDWLY�FX�D�FRSLLORU�GLQ�DOWH܈�FROL��3HGHUVHQ��������

([HPSOXO����2XVW�0ROOH�6FKRRO�HVWH�R܈�FRDOă� LQFOXVLYă�FX�DERUGDUH�SR]L�WLYă��FDUH�VH�DGUHVHD]ă�HOHYLORU�FX�SUREOHPH�HPR܊LRQDOH�FX�YkUVWH�FXSULQ�VH�vQWUH܈���L����DQL��2�FDUDFWHULVWLFă� LPSRUWDQWă�HVWH�IDSWXO�Fă�DFFHQWXO�VH�SXQH�SH�IDPLOLH��SUREOHPHOH�FRSLOXOXL�FRQVLGHUkQGX�VH�Fă�v܈L�DX�RULJLQHD�vQ�UHOD܊LLOH�GLQWUH�PHPEULL�IDPLOLHL��'H�DFHHD��LPSOLFDUHD�ORU�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH܈�FROLL�HVWH�IXQGDPHQWDOă��DYkQG�RFD]LD�Vă�LQWHUDF܊LRQH]H�FX�FRSLLL��Vă�v܈L�H[SULPH�IXQF܊LRQDO�HPR܊LLOH��Vă�GLVFXWH�VWUDWHJLL܈�L�RELHFWLYH�VSHFL¿FH�SHQWUX�SURJUHVXO�FRSLLORU܈�L�UHLQWHJUDUHD�ORU�vQ܈�FROLOH�GH�PDVă�

(OYH܊LDa. Context general

ÌQ�SULPD�MXPăWDWH�D�VHFROXOXL�;;��(OYH܊LD�D�GHYHQLW�XQ�LPSRUWDQW�IRUXP�SHQWUX�GLVFXWDUHD�LGHLORU�SHGDJRJLFH��HGXFD܊LD�¿LQG�LQÀXHQ܊DWă�GH�FRQFHS܊LLOH�SHGD�JRJLORU�DPLQWL܊L�PDL�VXV��GDU܈�L�GH�LGHLOH�OXL�(��&ODSDUHGH�VDX�GH�UH]XOWDWHOH�FHUFHWăULORU�GLQ�SVLKRORJLH�DOH�OXL�3LDJHW��&KLDU�GDFă��GLQ�DFHVW�SXQFW�GH�YH�GHUH��FRSLOXO�D�IRVW�SXV�vQ�FHQWUXO�HGXFD܊LHL��vQYă܊DUHD�H[SHULHQ܊LDOă��FRPXQL�FDUHD�GHVFKLVă܈�L�HGXFDUHD�FRSLOXOXL�FD�vQWUHJ�¿LQG�SULRULWDUH��PDUHD�SURYR�FDUH�GLQ�VLVWHPXO�GH�HGXFD܊LH�HOYH܊LDQ�D�IRVW܈�L�D�UăPDV�LQWHJUDUHD�PXOWLFXO�WXUDOă��ÌQ܈�FROLOH�GLQ�DFHDVWă܊�DUă��PDL�PXOW�GH�MXPăWDWH�GLQ�HOHYL�DX�FD�OLPEă�PDWHUQă�DOWă� OLPEă�GHFkW�FHD� vQ�FDUH�VH� UHDOL]HD]ă�SURFHVXO�HGXFDWLY��'H�DFHHD�����PLQL܈WUL�UHVSRQVDELOL�FX�HGXFD܊LD�GLQ�DQXPLWH�FDQWRDQH�DX�VHPQDW�vQ������XQ�DFRUG�SULQ�FDUH�VH�GRUHD�DUPRQL]DUHD�FXUULFXOHL�GLQ�FHOH�WUHL�PDUL�UHJLXQL� OLQJYLVWLFH��$FHVW�DFRUG�SUHYHGH�SULQWUH�DOWHOH�Fă�HGXFD܊LD�GH�ED]ă�WUHEXLH�Vă�DVLJXUH�GH]YROWDUHD�SHUVRQDOă��GDU܈�L�DFKL]L܊LD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VR�FLDOH܈�L�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD�ID܊ă�GH�FHLODO܊L܈�L�ID܊ă�GH�PHGLX��$QWRJQD]]D���������$VWIHO��DX�IRVW�DGXVH�vQ�GLVFX܊LH�DELOLWă܊L�WUDQVYHUVDOH�SUHFXP�JkQGLUHD�FULWLFă��L�FUHDWLYă��GH]YROWDUHD�SHUVRQDOă��FRPXQLFDUHD��FRRSHUDUHD��VWUDWHJLLOH�GH܈vQYă܊DUH��GDU܈�L�PRGL¿FDUHD�FRQ܊LQXWXOXL�SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH�LQ܊LDOă�D�YL�LWRULORU�SURIHVRUL��&RQVLGHUăP�DVWIHO�Fă�DFHVW�DFW�QRUPDWLY�HVWH�XQ�H[HPSOX�GH�SROLWLFă�SXEOLFă�DVXPDWă�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH��SULPXO�SDV�FDUH�VXV܊LQH�DFHVW�DVSHFW�¿LQG�FXUVXO�GH�DELOLWă܊L�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�FDUH�D�GHYHQLW�REOLJDWRULX�GLQ������vQ�SURJUDPD�GH�IRUPDUH�LQL܊LDOă�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�OD�QLYHO�OLFHQ܊ă��$QWRJQD]]D�������

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SDUFWLFL([HPSOXO����'H܈L�QX�HVWH�YRUED�GHVSUH�XQ�SURJUDP�GHVWLQDW�HOHYLORU��FRQ�VLGHUăP� FD� H[HPSOX� GH� EXQă� SUDFWLFă� LQL܊LDWLYD� 8QLYHUVLWă܊LL� GLQ� /RFDUQR�FDUH�� vQ�������D�RIHULW�VWXGHQ܊LORU�FDUH�GRUHDX�Vă�XUPH]H�FDULHUD�GLGDFWLFă�

Page 168: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

XQ�RS܊LRQDO�GH�6(/��&RQ܊LQXWXULOH�YL]DX�DVSHFWH�WHRUHWLFH�GHVSUH�LQWHOLJHQ܊D�HPR܊LRQDOă��HGXFD܊LD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă��DELOLWă܊LOH��PHWRGHOH܈�L�UHVXUVHOH�QHFHVDUH�XQXL�SURIHVRU�SHQWUX�D�LPSOHPHQWD�6(/��FH�H[SHULHQ܊H�vL�SRW�DMXWD�vQ�D�IDFH�PDQDJHPHQWXO�FODVHL��FDUH�HVWH�UROXO�HPR܊LLORU�vQ܈�FRDOă��DWkW�DOH�HOHYLORU�FkW܈�L�DOH�SURIHVRULORU���FH�SRW�IDFH�HL�SHQWUX�D�GH]YROWD�6(/��vQ�DIDUD�LPSOHPHQWăULL�XQRU�SURJUDPH�FRQVDFUDWH���

([HPSOXO����3URJUDPXO�3)$'(� �3URPRYDUHD�VWUDWHJLLORU�GH�JkQGLUH�DOWHU�QDWLYă��HVWH�YHUVLXQHD�WUDGXVă܈�L�DGDSWDWă�D�SURJUDPXOXL�3$7+6�DO�OXL�0DUN�*UHHQEHUJ��3IDGH�3$7+6�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�SUHYHQ܊LH�VFKRRO�EDVHG��GH]�YROWDW�GH�,QVWLWXWXO�GH�(GXFD܊LH�GH�OD�8QLYHUVLWDWHD�GLQ�=�ULFK��FX�VFRSXO�GH�D�UHGXFH�SH�WHUPHQ�OXQJ�YLROHQ܊D܈�L�GLIHULWH�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�SUREOHPDWLFH�SULQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH��6H�DGUHVHD]ă�FRSLLORU�GH�JUăGLQ܊ă܈�L܈�FRDOă�SULPDUă܈�L�DERUGHD]ă�vQ�SURIXQ]LPH�XUPăWRDUHOH�WHPH��UHJXOL܈�L�EXQH�PDQL�HUH��DXWR�HYDOXDUH�VăQăWRDVă��HPR܊LL��DXWR�FRQWURO��UH]ROYDUHD�GH�SUREOHPH��SULHWHQLD܈�L�FRQYLH܊XLUHD�FX�DOWH�SHUVRDQH��VWUDWHJLL�GH�vQYă܊DUH��)LLQG�XQ�SUR�JUDP�DOH�FăUXL�UH]XOWDWH�DX�IRVW�HYLGHQ܊LDWH�SULQ�VWXGLL�UHSHWDWH��*UHHQEHUJ���L�.UXVFKH܈ ������.DP��*UHHQEHUJ� ��L�:DOOV܈ ������.HOO\� �L܈ FRODE��� �������HFKLSD� OXL�5DKHO�-�QJHU��FDUH�D� WUDGXV�SURJUDPXO��XUPăUH܈WH� vQGHDSURDSH�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�OXL��RIHULQG�IRUPDUH�LQL܊LDOă܈�L�coaching�VSHFL¿F�WXWXURU�FDGUH�ORU�GLQ܈�FRDOă��VXSRUW�SHUPDQHQW�SHQWUX�SURIHVRUL��GDU�PDL�DOHV�R�HYDOXDUH�DPăQXQ܊LWă�vQDLQWH�GH�RULFH��SHQWUX�D�GHFLGH�GDFă�SURJUDPXO�SRDWH�UăVSXQ�GH�QHYRLORU܈�FROLL�UHVSHFWLYH��3ăULQ܊LL�VXQW�LPSOLFD܊L�vQ�GHUXODUHD�SURJUDPXOXL��FDUH�GXUHD]ă�DSUR[LPDWLY����OXQL���SULQ�WHPHOH�GH�FDVă�SH�FDUH�OH�SULPHVF�FRSLLL��SULQ�LPSOLFDUHD�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊L�SUHFXP�ÄFRSLOXO�VăSWăPkQLL´�VDX�SDUWLFLSD�UHD� OD� WUDLQLQJXUL�VSHFL¿FH��'XSă�DFHDVWă�SHULRDGă܈��FRDOD� LQFOXGH�SURJUD�PXO� vQ�FXUULFXOD�� LDU� FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH� OL� VH�SHUPLWH�Vă�SDUWLFLSH� OD� FXUVXUL�DSURIXQGDWH�GHVSUH�SURJUDP�VDX�FKLDU� OD�PRGXOH�GLQ�FDGUXO� ,QVWLWXWXOXL�� vQ�IHOXO�DFHVWD�DVLJXUkQGX�VH�PHQ܊LQHUHD�FRPXQLFăULL܈�L�FRODERUăULL�GLQWUH܈�FROL��ăPkQW�VXSHULRU��3ULQWUH�EHQH¿FLLOH�LPSOHPHQWăULL�SURJUD܊LD�GH�vQYă܊L�LQVWLWX܈PXOXL�vQ�DFHVW�PRG�V�D�FRQVWDWDW��$QWRJQD]]D���������R�FRODERUDUH�PDL�EXQă�vQWUH�PHPEULL܈�FROLL��SURIHVRUL���R�vPEXQăWă܊LUH�D�FOLPDWXOXL܈�FRODU��R�FUH܈WHUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH�DOH�FRSLLORU܈�L�UHGXFHUHD�YLROHQ܊HL��

Finlanda

a. Context general

Finlanda�HVWH�XQD�GLQ� �ăULOH�FX�FHOH�PDL܊ ULGLFDWH�VFRUXUL� OD� WHVWHOH�3,6$܈�L�OD�FHOH�GH�FXQR܈WLQ܊H�FLYLFH�GLQ�XOWLPXO�GHFHQLX��6XFFHVXO܈�FRODU�DO�FRSLLORU�¿QODQGH]L�D�IRVW�SXV�GH�PXOWH�RUL�SH�VHDPD�VSHFL¿FXOXL�FXOWXUDO��D�SHGDJRJLHL�FRPSUHKHQVLYH��VWUXFWXULL�VLVWHPXOXL�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW܈�L�D�SUHJăWLULL�ED]DWH�SH�FHUFHWDUH�GH�FDUH�EHQH¿FLD]ă�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH�� ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�6(/��

Page 169: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

VLVWHPXO�GH�HGXFD܊LH�¿QODQGH]�VXEOLQLD]ă� LPSRUWDQ܊D܈�L�REOLJDWLYLWDWHD�GH]�YROWăULL�¿]LFH��SVLKLFH��VRFLDOH��FRJQLWLYH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�OD�QLYHOXO�HGXFD܊LHL�SUH�SULPDUH܈�L�GH�ED]ă�vQ�1DWLRQDO�&RUH�&XUULFXOXP�IRU�%DVLF�(GXFDWLRQ܈������L�Core Curriculum for Pre-School Education�GLQ�������GDU܈�L�SULQ�LQWURGXFHUHD�XQRU�WHPH�FURVV�FXUULFXODUH�FXP�HVWH�*URZWK�DV�D�SHUVRQ�±�FDUH�SURPRYHD�]ă�PDQDJHPHQWXO�HPR܊LRQDO��H[SHULHQ܊HOH�HVWHWLFH܈�L�WHPH�FKHLH�GLQ�FXUULFX�OD�GH�ED]ă��(GXFD܊LD�SHQWUX�VăQăWDWH��LQWURGXVă�FD�GLVFLSOLQă�GH�VLQH�VWăWă�WRDUH�vQ�������D�IRVW�XQ�DOW�SDV�LPSRUWDQW�VSUH�HGXFD܊LD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă��6((�� vQWUXFkW� DERUGHD]ă� WHPH� SUHFXP� UHJODUHD� HPR܊LRQDOă�� GH]YROWDUHD�VWLPHL� GH� VLQH�� D� WROHUDQ܊HL�� D� PHFDQLVPHORU� GH� FRSLQJ�� D� FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH��HPR܊LRQDOH��HWLFH�HWF��&KLDU�GDFă�SHQWUX�VLVWHPXO�GH�HGXFD܊LH�DF�FHQWXO�HVWH�SXV�vQ�PRG�FODU�DVXSUD�HOHYXOXL�FD�SDUWH�DFWLYă�D�SURFHVXOXL�GH�vQYă܊DUH��GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă�QX�HVWH�GRDU�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD�VWD�WXOXL��FL܈�L�D�VHFWRUXOXL�HFRQRPLF܈�L�DFDGHPLF��'DFă�OD�vQFHSXWXO�DQLORU������GLIHULWH�DVRFLD܊LL�SURPRYDX�GLIHULWH�SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�6(/�GLQ�68$��H[��/LRQV�4XHVW��6HFRQG�6WHS��VDX�$XVWUDOLD��H[��)5,(1'6�SHQWUX�SUHYHQ܊LD�GHSUHVLHL��L܈ DQ[LHWă܊LL��� RGDWă� FX� FUHDUHD� SULPHORU� SURJUDPH� ¿QODQGH]H� GH� HGXFD܊LH�VRFLDOă� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOă� ±� Tunnemuksu �3HOWRQHQ� �L܈ .XOOEHUJ�3LLOROD�� ������vQ�.RNNRQHQ���������Steps of aggression� �&DFFLDWRUH�������� vQ�.RNNRQHQ��������V�D�GDW�VWDUWXO�FHUFHWăULL܈�L�GH]YROWăULL�GH�SURJUDPH�vQ�GRPHQLX��&KLDU�GDFă� �L�DX܈ GRYHGLW� H¿FLHQ܊D� SULQ� VWXGLL� ULJXURDVH�� QX� WRDWH� SURJUDPHOH� DX�IRVW�SURPRYDWH�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�HVWH�GL¿FLO�GH�VSXV�OD�RUD�DFWXDOă�FDUH�GLQWUH�HOH�VH�DSOLFă� vQFă��$FHDVWă�SUREOHPă�SRDWH�¿�GDWRUDWă��L܈ DXWRQRPLHL� SHGDJRJLFH� VSHFL¿FH� VLVWHPXOXL�� FDUH� vQFXUDMHD]ă� DOHJHUHD��FROL��vQ�GHIDYRDUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�FXUULFXOH�OD�GHFL]LD܈QD܊LRQDOH��0DMRULWDWHD� SURJUDPHORU� GH�6(/� SUHVXSXQ� XQ� WUDLQLQJ�PLQLP� DO�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��LDU�OD�IDFXOWă܊LOH�GH�SUR¿O��FDUH�SUHJăWHVF�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH��H[LVWă�PRGXOH�VSHFLDOH�GH�6(/�VDX�GH�DELOLWă܊L�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�LPSRU�WDQWH� vQ�SUHGDUH�� ÌQ�SHULRDGD�����±������XQ�SURJUDP�GH� IRUPDUH�DGUHVDW�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�D�VSULMLQLW�GH]YROWDUHD�FRQ܈WLHQWL]ăULL܈�L�FRPSHWHQ܊HL�DFHV�WRUD�vQ�GRPHQLXO�VăQăWă܊LL�PHQWDOH܈�L�D�NQRZ�KRZ�XOXL�PHWRGRORJLF��UH]XOWDWXO�SULQFLSDO�DXWR�UDSRUWDW�¿LQG�FUH܈WHUHD�FDSDFLWă܊LL�DFHVWRUD�GH�D�OXFUD�FX�UH�VXUVHOH�LQGLFDWH܈�L�GH�D�GH]YROWD�DFWLYLWă܊L�DGUHVDWH�FRSLLORU�SHQWUX�FUH܈WHUHD�VăQăWă܊LL�PHQWDOH�D�DFHVWRUD�GLQ�XUPă�

,PSOLFDUHD�0LQLVWHUXOXL�(GXFD܊LHL܈�L�&XOWXULL��D�GLIHULWHORU�,QVWLWXWH�GH�FHUFHWD�UH�SUHFXP�1DWLRQDO�,QVWLWXWH�IRU�+HDOWK�DQG�:HOIDUH��)LQQLVK�1DWLRQDO�%RDUG�RI�(GXFDWLRQ��)1%(���7KH�$FDGHP\�RI�)LQODQG��GDU܈�L� LPSOLFDUHD�VRFLHWă܊LL�FLYLFH� FRQVLGHUăP�Fă�DX�DYXW�XQ� URO� GHFLVLY� vQ� UăVSkQGLUHD�6(/� vQ� �FROLOH܈GLQ�)LQODQGD�

Page 170: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO� ��� /D� UHFRPDQGDUHD� &$6(/�� vQ� SHULRDGD� ����±������ vQ� GRXă�RUD܈H� GLQ� QRUGXO� �ăULL܊ D� IRVW� LPSOHPHQWDW� XQ� SURJUDP� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D�DELOLWă܊LORU�¿]LFH�SHQWUX�FRSLLL�SUH܈FRODUL��vQ�YHGHUHD�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH� SULQ� H[HUFL܊LL� GH� PL܈FDUH� �L܈ MRFXUL�� &RPSDUDWLY� FX� FRSLLL�SUH܈FRODUL�FDUH�QX�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�DFHVW�SURJUDP��FRSLLL�LQFOX܈L�vQ�VWXGLX�DX�DYXW�VFRUXUL�PXOW�PDL�EXQH�SHQWUX�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�GH�UHFXQRD܈WHUH�D�HPR܊LLORU�SURSULL�� FRRSHUDUH�� FRPXQLFDUH�� DVFXOWDUH� DFWLYă�� UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH� �7DNDOD��2LNDULQHQ��.RNNRQHQ܈��L�/LXNNRQHQ��������vQ�.RNNRQHQ���������

([HPSOXO����8Q�DOW�SURJUDP�GH�VXFFHV�HVWH�SURJUDPXO�08.$9$��LPSOHPHQ�WDW�vQ�SHULRDGD܈�����������L�GH]YROWDW�GH�SVLKRORJXO�/HD�3XONNLQHQ�FD�XUPD�UH�D�VWXGLXOXL�ORQJLWXGLQDO�UHDOL]DW�vPSUHXQă�FX�FROHJLL�HL�GH�OD�8QLYHUVLWDWHD�GLQ�-\YlVN\Ol�GHVSUH�UROXO�FXPXODWLY�DO�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�vQ�IXQF܊LRQDUHD�SVLKRORJLFă�D�LQGLYLGXOXL��3URJUDPXO�D�IRVW�WHVWDW�vQ܈���FROL܈�L�LQFOXGH�PDL�PXOWH� ÄSURLHFWH´�����SURLHFWXO�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă�D�FR�SLLORU� GH� YkUVWă� SUH܈FRODUă�� ��� SURLHFWXO�(GXFDрLD� SHQWUX� VăQăWDWH� adresat

�FRODULORU܈����]LXD�GHVWLQDWă�LQWHJUăULL��,QWHJUDWHG�6FKRRO�'D\��±�SHQWUX�LQFOX�GHUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�H[WUDFXUULFXODUH�vQ�SURJUDPXO�]LOQLF�GH܈�FRDOă�����IRUPDUHD�SURIHVRULORU��FXUVXUL�GHVSUH�GH]YROWDUHD�6�(�D�FRSLLORU������R�LQWURGXFHUH�vQ�YLD܊D�GH�DQJDMDW��:RUNLQJ�OLIH�SURMHFW�±�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�FRPSHWHQ܊H�VSHFL¿FH�DQXPLWRU�SURIHVLL�VDX�PHVHULL�SULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�UHDOL]DWH�vQ�PHGLXO�PXQFLL������SURLHFWXO�GH�YROXQWDULDW�����SURLHFWXO�IDPLOLH܈�FRDOă��KR�PH�VFKRRO��SHQWUX�FUH܈WHUHD�FRODERUăULL�GLQWUH�FHOH�GRXă��3XONNLQHQ��������vQ�.RNNRQHQ���������(IHFWHOH�SURJUDPXOXL��UDSRUWDWH�OD�JUXSXO�GH�FRQWURO�DX�DUăWDW�Fă�HOHYLL�FDUH�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�DFWLYLWă܊L�DX�UDSRUWDW�PDL�SX܊LQH�SUREOH�PH�GH�LQWHUQDOL]DUH��PDL�SX܊LQH�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�DJUHVLYH��FUH܈WHUHD�SOăFHULL�GH�D�PHUJH� OD� �FRDOă܈ �L܈ vPEXQăWă܊LUHD� FRODERUăULL� GLQWUH� IDPLOLH� �L܈ ��FRDOă܈&KLDU�GDFă�SURLHFWXO�vQ�VLQH�V�D�vQFKHLDW��HIHFWHOH�OXL�VXQW�YL]LELOH�vQ�IDSWXO�Fă�HOHPHQWH��SURLHFWH��GLQ�FDGUXO�SURLHFWXOXL�VXQW�vQFă�IRORVLWH�vQ�GLYHUVH܈�FROL�GLQ�)LQODQGD�

([HPSOXO����&HO�PDL� UăVSkQGLW�SURJUDP�HVWH� vQVă�.L9D��XQ�SURJUDP�DQWL�EXOO\LQJ�LPSOHPHQWDW�vQ�����GLQ܈�FROLOH�¿QODQGH]H��FDUH�YL]HD]ă�VFKLPEDUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL�DJUHVRUXOXL��GDU܈�L�D�FHORU�FDUH�DVLVWă�OD�DJUHVLXQH��ÌQ�SH�ULRDGD�����±����������GH܈�FROL�DX�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�VWXGLXO�GH�YDOLGDUH�D�SURJUD�PXOXL� DGUHVDW� FRSLLORU� GH� �±��� DQL�� 3ULQ� LQWHUPHGLXO� GLVFX܊LLORU�� DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GH�JUXS��MRFXULORU�YLUWXDOH�SH�FRPSXWHU�� MRFXULORU�GH�URO��V�D�UHX܈LW�FUH܈WHUHD�HPSDWLHL��DXWR�H¿FDFLWă܊LL��GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�VWUDWHJLL�GH�VXV܊LQHUH�D�YLFWLPHL��L�D�VWUDWHJLLORU�GH�FRSLQJ܈

Page 171: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

Israel

a. Context general

,VUDHOXO�HVWH�XQD�GLQ܊�ăULOH�FX�XQ�WUHFXW�H[WUHP�GH�]EXFLXPDW��FDUH�vQFă�VH�OXSWă�SHQWUX�OLEHUWDWH܈�L�XQLWDWH�QD܊LRQDOă��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD��GDWRULWă�FRQYLQ�JHULORU�UHOLJLRDVH܈�L�HWQLHL��vQ�,VUDHO�JăVLP��FROL�XOWUD�RUWRGR[H�±�vQ�FDUH�QX܈����VH�UHVSHFWă�FXUULFXOD�QD܊LRQDOă�LDU܈�FROLOH�VXQW�RUJDQL]DWH�vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�JHQ��IHWHOH�VWXGLD]ă�GLVFLSOLQH�WUDGL܊LRQDOH��vQ�WLPS�FH�EăLH܊LL�VWXGLD]ă�DSURDSH�H[�FOXVLY�UHOLJLD��OXFUX�FDUH�vL�vPSLHGLFă�Vă�VH�DGDSWH]H�OD�FHULQ܊HOH�VRFLHWă܊LL�OD�YkUVWD�DGXOWă��������LL�DUDEH܊ă�GRDU�FRSLLL�PLQRULWă܊FROL�DUDEH�±�XQGH�vQYD܈����GLQ�SRSXOD܊LD܊�ăULL�܈�L�VH�VWXGLD]ă�FXUULFXOD�QD܊LRQDOă��WL�±�FDUH܈FROL�HYUHLH܈����UHVSHFWă�FXUULFXOD�QD܊LRQDOă��GDU�QX�DFFHSWă�FRSLL�DUDEL��ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�HGXFD܊LD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă��vQ�DQXO�������0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�D�LQWURGXV�vQ� FXUULFXOD�QD܊LRQDOă� FD�GLVFLSOLQă�REOLJDWRULH�� SURJUDPXO� ÄLife-skills´� FDUH��vQ�PXOWH܈�FROL��HVWH�SUHGDW�GH�FăWUH�FRQVLOLHUXO܈�FRODU��/HF܊LLOH�GHUXODWH�XUPă�UHVF�GH]YROWDUHD�UHOD܊LLORU�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��D�SULHWHQLHL��VWUDWHJLLORU�GH�UH]ROYD�UH�D�SUREOHPHORU܈�L�FRSLQJ�OD�VLWXD܊LL�VWUHVDQWH�VDX�SHULFXORDVH��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU� GH� FRRSHUDUH�� QHJRFLHUH��PXQFă� vQ� HFKLSă�� HPSDWLH�� UHVSRQVD�ELOLWDWH�VRFLDOă�� UH]LOLHQ܊ă� �<DULY���������7RWRGDWă��XUPkQG�PRGHOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL�GLQ�68$܈�L� vQ܊HOHJkQG�Fă�6(/�HVWH�PDL�PXOW�GHFkW�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH��PLQLVWHUXO�LVUDHOLW�D�LPSOHPHQWDW�XQ�SURJUDP�QD܊LRQDO�GH�SURPR�YDUH�D�XQXL�FOLPDW�HGXFD܊LRQDO�SR]LWLY܈�L�GH�UHGXFHUH�D�YLROHQ܊HL��FDUH�VXUSULQ�GH�SULQ�IDSWXO�Fă܈�FROLOH�SDUWLFLSDQWH�WUHF�DQXDO�SULQWU�R�HYDOXDUH�D�FOLPDWXOXL�HGXFD܊LRQDO܈�L��ED]kQGX�VH�SH�SXQFWHOH�ORU�IRUWH��SURSXQ�OD�QLYHO�GH�LQVWLWX܊LH�R�VWUDWHJLH�SHQWUX�UH]ROYDUHD�SXQFWHORU�VODEH�LGHQWL¿FDWH�

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����3URJUDPXO�*LUDIIH�/DQJXDJH�SURPRYHD]ă�FRPXQLFDUHD�QRQ�YL�ROHQWă� vQ�FD]XO�FRSLLORU�GH�JUăGLQL܊ă܈�L�DO�FHORU�FX�QHYRL�VSHFLDOH܈�L�HVWH�R�DGDSWDUH�D�SURJUDPXOXL�GH]YROWDW�GH�0��5RVHQEHUJ��&HQWUXO�SHQWUX�FRPXQL�FDUH�QRQ�YLROHQ܊ă�GLQ�68$���6FRSXO�SURJUDPXOXL�HVWH�GH�D�GH]YROWD�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH� �L܈ LQWHOLJHQ܊D� HPR܊LRQDOă� SULQ� FRPXQLFDUH� DVHUWLYă�� IăFkQGX�VH� UH�IHULUH� FRQWLQXă� OD�SHUVRQDMHOH�GLQ� FDUWHD� FDUH� vQVR܊H܈WH�SURJUDPXO� �Cheile magice ale lui Didi�܈�L�OD�OLPEDMXO�SH�FDUH�vO�IRORVHVF�DFHVWHD�vQ�GLIHULWH�VLWXD܊LL��3URFHGkQG� DVWIHO�� FRSLLL� vQYD܊ă� Vă� DVFXOWH�� Vă� v܈L� H[SULPH� HPR܊LLOH� �L܈ JkQ�GXULOH��Vă�vL�FXQRDVFă�SH�FHLODO܊L܈�L�SH�HL�vQ܈L܈L��3URJUDPXO�HVWH�RS܊LRQDO��LDU�SULQFLSLLOH�GH�FRPXQLFDUH�SURPRYDWH�SRW�¿�IRORVLWH�vQ�FRQWH[WH�GLIHULWH��PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�SăULQ܊LL�VXQW�LPSOLFD܊L�DFWLY�vQ�XUPăULUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL�FRSLL�ORU��VăSWăPkQDO�HL�FRPSOHWHD]ă�R�VFULVRDUH�vQ�FDUH�HVWH�PHQ܊LRQDW�FRPSRU�WDPHQWXO�ÄGH�JLUDIă´�DO�FRSLLORU�vQ�FDGUXO�IDPLOLHL���(]HU��������vQ�<DULY��������PHQ܊LRQHD]ă� IDSWXO�Fă��GXSă�XQ�DQ�GH� LPSOHPHQWDUH�D�SURJUDPXOXL�� FRSLLL�DX�PDQLIHVWDW�R� LQWHOLJHQ܊ă�HPR܊LRQDOă�PDL� FUHVFXWă��DELOLWă܊L�PDL�EXQH�GH�

Page 172: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

UH]ROYDUH�D�FRQÀLFWHORU܈�L�FRPXQLFDUH��YLROHQ܊D� vQWUH�FRSLL�V�D�GLPLQXDW�� LDU�FRRSHUDUHD�FX�SăULQ܊LL�D�FUHVFXW�

([HPSOXO����5HOD܊LLOH�WHQVLRQDWH�GLQWUH�LVUDHOLHQL܈�L�DUDEL�DX�GDW�QD܈WHUH�OD�R�VHULH�GH�LQL܊LDWLYH�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�DSURSLHUHD�GLQWUH�FHOH�GRXă�JUXSXUL܈�L�UHGXFH�UHD�VHJUHJăULL��&KLDU�GDFă�QX�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VR�FLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�vQ�VLQH��SURLHFWXO�<D�6DODP�DO�)XQGD܊LHL�$EUDKDP��GH]YRO�Wă�FRPXQLFDUHD��DFFHSWDUHD�QHFRQGL܊LRQDWă��JkQGLUHD�FULWLFă܈�L�VWUDWHJLLOH�GH�UH]ROYDUH�D�SUREOHPHORU�� UHJODUHD�HPR܊LRQDOă��DVHUWLYLWDWHD��SULQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GHVIă܈XUDWH�� ,PSOHPHQWDW�SH�R�SHULRDGă�GH���DQL��DGUHVDW�HOHYLORU�GH�JLP�QD]LX�FDUH�GHMD�DX�R�LGHRORJLH�UHOLJLRDVă܈�L�R�JkQGLUH�HWQRFHQWULFă��SURLHFWXO�HVWH�¿QDQ܊DW�GLQ�EDQLL�RUJDQL]D܊LHL��GDU܈�L�DL�0LQLVWHUXOXL�(GXFD܊LHL��DMXQJkQG�Vă�¿H�LPSOHPHQWDW�vQ�DSUR[LPDWLY����GH܈�FROL��<DULY���������&HQWUDW�vQ�MXUXO�LGHLL�GH�UHDOL]DUH�D�XQXL�SURLHFW�FRPXQ��GHVLJQ�XO�XQHL�QDYHWH�VSD܊LDOH�FDUH�Vă�vL�GXFă�SH�VWHDXD�FRH[LVWHQ܊HL���HOHYLL܈�L�SURIHVRUL��vPSUHXQă�FX�IDFLOLWDWRUL�GLQ�SDUWHD�IXQGD܊LHL܈�L�DL�PLQLVWHUXOXL��IDF�YL]LWH�OD܈�FROLOH�SDUWHQHUH�XQGH�DX�GLIHULWH�DFWLYLWă܊L��UHDOL]HD]ă�vPSUHXQă�YL]LWH�OD�PX]HH��vQYD܊ă�OLPED�HEUDLFă�VDX�DUDEă��LDU�OD�VIkU܈LW�DQDOL]HD]ă�OXFUăULOH�SH�FDUH�OH�DX�UHDOL]DW�FRSLLL��'H܈L�QX�H[LVWă�R�HYDOXDUH�VHULRDVă�D�LPSDFWXOXL�SURJUDPXOXL��IDSWXO�Fă�HO�HVWH�LP�SOHPHQWDW�vQ�PXOWH܈�FROL�GLQ�QRUGXO�,VUDHOXOXL��vQ�UHJLXQH�+DLID��LDU�0LQLVWHUXO�VSULMLQă�LQL܊LDWLYD��VXQW�FRQVLGHUDWH�DVSHFWH�FDUH�GDX�YDORDUH܈�L�H[SULPă�XWLOL�WDWHD�SURJUDPXOXL�

([HPSOXO� ��� �FRDOD܇ 0RXQW� &DUPHO� �QXPHOH� HVWH� IDOV� GLQ� PRWLYH� GH�FRQ¿GHQ܊LDOLWDWH��HVWH�VLWXDWă�vQWU�R�]RQă�PDL�VăUDFă�GH�OkQJă�7HO�$YLY܈�L�v܈L�SURSXQH�Vă�vPEXQăWă܊HDVFă�SHUIRUPDQ܊D�DFDGHPLFă�D�FRSLLORU�IăUă�D�LJQRUD�QHYRLOH�ORU�SHUVRQDOH��3ULQFLSLLOH�GXSă�FDUH�VH�FRQGXFH܈�FRDOD�VXQW�JULMD�ID܊ă�GH�FRSLO��JULMD�ID܊ă�GH�QDWXUă܈�L�PHGLXO�vQFRQMXUăWRU܈�L�JULMD�ID܊ă�GH�FRPXQL�WDWH��*ULMD� ID܊ă� GH� FRSLO� VH�PDQLIHVWă� SULQ� SUHRFXSDUHD� FRQVWDQWă� ID܊ă� GH�QHYRLOH�OXL܈�L�PHGLXO�vQ�FDUH�WUăLH܈WH��vQ�IXQF܊LH�GH�SUREOHPH�LGHQWL¿FDWH�VXQW�UHDOL]DWH�SODQXUL�SHUVRQDOL]DWH�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH��VH�RIHUă�FRQVLOLHUH�SVLKRORJLFă�XQGH�HVWH�FD]XO���$FWLYLWă܊LOH�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�DERUGDUHD�1HXUR�'HYHORSPHQWDO�)XQFWLRQDO�$SSURDFK�SURSXVă�GH�5DPL�.DW]� vQ�YHGHUHD�GH]YROWăULL�PRWRULL��VHQ]RULDOH܈�L�VRFLDOH܈�L�VXQW�H[HUVDWH�PRGDOLWă܊L�GH�UHOD[DUH��\RJD��FRQWUR�OXO� UHVSLUD܊LHL�� FDUH�DSRL� VXQW� UHDOL]DWH܈�L�DFDVă�FX�SăULQ܊LL�� ÌQ� FDGUXO� �FROLL܈IXQF܊LRQHD]ă�R�PLQL±JUDGLQă�]RRORJLFă܈�L�R�JUăGLQă�GH�OHJXPH�vQ�FDUH�HOHYLL�VXQW�LPSOLFD܊L�DFWLY��vQ�SDX]H��vQ�WLPSXO�OLEHU�VDX�vQ�WLPSXO�RUHORU�GH�FODVă����L�VH�FRQVLGHUă�Fă�HVWH�XQ�H[HPSOX܈�´FRDOD�YHUGH܇FRDOD�D�SULPLW�SUHPLXO�Ä܇GH�EXQă�SUDFWLFă�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�D�VWăULL�GH�ELQH�D�FRSLLORU��<DULY���������

Page 173: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

0DUHD�%ULWDQLHa. Context general

3UHRFXSDUHD� SHQWUX� GH]YROWDUHD� SOHQDUă� D� FRSLOXOXL� HVWH� XQ� GH]LGHUDW� DO�HGXFD܊LHL�EULWDQLFH܈�L��GH�DFHHD��HIRUWXULOH�SHQWUX�D�L�DVLJXUD�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH��LQWHJUDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�SH�SLD܊D�PXQFLL�DX�IRVW�LQFOXVH܈�L�vQ�VLVWHPXO�GH�HGXFD܊LH��$VWIHO��vQFHSkQG�FX�DQLL�������vQ܈�FROL�DX�IRVW�LQWURGXVH��FD�PDWHULL�REOLJDWRULL��HGXFD܊LD�FLYLFă܈�L�HGXFD܊LD�SHQWUX�VăQăWDWH��HOH�¿LQG��GH�DOWIHO��R�SULPă�IRUPă�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUH�D�HGXFD܊LHL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�SULQ�FRQ܊LQXWXULOH�DERUGD�WH��GH�H[HPSOX��GH]YROWDUHD�VWLPHL�GH�VLQH��D�LQWHUDF܊LXQLORU�VRFLDOH�SR]LWLYH�GLQWUH�HOHYL܈�L�SURIHVRUL�HWF��

'DWRULWă� IDSWXOXL� Fă� �FROLOH܈ DX� R� LQGHSHQGHQ܊ă� FUHVFXWă� vQ� DOHJHUHD� FXUUL�FXOXP�XOXL�SUHGDW�� vQ������PLQLVWHUXO�D�GHFLV�Fă� WRDWH܈�FROLOH�SXWHDX�SULPL�VSULMLQ�¿QDQFLDU�SHQWUX�D�GH]YROWD�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�DOH�FRSLLORU�IRORVLQG�SURJUDPXO�FDGUX�6($/��6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�$VSHFWV�RI�/HDUQLQJ���FRQVLGHUDW� R�DERUGDUH� FRPSUHKHQVLYă� FDUH� VWă� OD�ED]D�VWăULL� GH�ELQH܈�L� D�VăQăWă܊LL�HPR܊LRQDOH�D�HOHYLORU܈�L�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��&ORXGHU܈�L�+H\V���������/D�QLYHO�FXUULFXODU��FD�DFWLYLWă܊L�FDUH�VH� LPSOHPHQWHD]ă� vQ܈�FROL��SURJUDPXO�6($/�D�IRVW�WUDQVSXV�vQ�GLVFLSOLQD�(GXFD܊LH�SHUVRQDOă��VRFLDOă܈�L�SHQWUX�Vă�QăWDWH��3HUVRQDO��6RFLDO�DQG�+HDOWK�(GXFDWLRQ�±�36+(��SUHFXP܈�L�vQ�V\OODEX�VXO�GLVFLSOLQHL�(GXFD܊LH�FLYLFă܈�L�(GXFD܊LH�SHQWUX�VăQăWDWH��2�DWHQ܊LH�GHRVHEL�Wă�VH�DFRUGă�GH]YROWăULL�UH]LOLHQ܊HL�OD�FRSLL��WHPDWLFă�LQWHJUDWă�GHRFDPGDWă�vQ�FXUULFXOD�PDL�VXV�PHQ܊LRQDWă�VDX�SUHGDWă�VHSDUDW��FX�FRQ܊LQXWXUL�VXSUDSXVH�VDX�IRDUWH܈�LPLODU�FXUULFXOHL�3$+(�VDX�HGXFD܊LHL�FLYLFH��

)LLQG� XQ� SURJUDP� GH� WLSXO� ZKROH�VFKRRO� DSSURDFK�� 6($/� D� vQFHSXW� Vă� ¿H�LPSOHPHQWDW� vQ� �FROLOH܈ SULPDUH� FD� SDUWH� D� SURJUDPXOXL� Behaviour and Attendance Pilot vQ������ �+DOODP��5KDPLH܈�L�6KDZ��������� LDU� vQ�SUH]HQW��GDWRULWă�HIHFWHORU�REVHUYDWH��SHVWH�����GLQ܈�FROLOH�EULWDQLFH�DOHJ�Vă�vO�LQFOX�Gă� vQ�RIHUWD�HGXFD܊LRQDOă��$[DW�SH���GLPHQVLXQL� �HPSDWLH��DELOLWă܊L� VRFLDOH��DXWR�FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUH��PDQDJHPHQWXO�HPR܊LLORU܈�L�PRWLYD܊LH���SURJUDPXO�VH�LP�SOHPHQWHD]ă�vQ���HWDSH��RUJDQL]DUHD�PHGLXOXL�FOLPDWXOXL�FDUH�Vă�VSULMLQH�GH]�YROWDUHD�6(�D�FRSLLORU�� LQWHUYHQ܊LL�GH�JUXS�SHQWUX�HOHYLL�FDUH�vQWkPSLQă�vQFă�SUREOHPH܈�L�LQWHUYHQ܊LL�XQX�OD�XQX�SHQWUX�FHL�FDUH�QX�DX�DYXW�UH]XOWDWH�GXSă�SULPHOH� HWDSH� DO� SURJUDPXOXL�� 'DFă� OD� QLYHOXO� FLFOXOXL� SULPDU�� YRUELP� GHV�SUH�R�FXUULFXOD�VXJHUDWă��FX�PDWHULDOH�VXSRUW�SHQWUX�LPSOHPHQWDUH��OD�QLYHO�VHFXQGDU��JLPQD]LX܈�L�OLFHX��DFFHQWXO�VH�SXQH�SH�FUHDUHD�XQXL�PHGLX�FDUH�Vă� VSULMLQH� IRUPDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� VRFLDOH� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOH� �FOLPDW� HGXFD܊LRQDO����L��GHFL܈ UHDOL]DUHD�GH�DFWLYLWă܊L� ��L�PDWHULDOH�VXSOLPHQWDUH܈ FHHD�FH�VXEOLQL�D]ă� UROXO� LPSRUWDQW�SH�FDUH�PDQDJHPHQWXO܈�FROLL� �LOH܊L�DXWRULWă܈ ORFDOH� vO�DX�vQ� H¿FLHQ܊D� SURJUDPXOXL� �+XPSKUH\�� /HQGUXP��:LJHOVZRUWK�� .DODPERXND���������(YDOXăULOH�QD܊LRQDOH�UHDOL]DWH�SHQWUX�D�PăVXUD�H¿FLHQ܊D�DFHVWHL�SROLWLFL�

Page 174: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

QD܊LRQDOH�OD�QLYHO�SULPDU��+DOODP��������+XPSKUH\��/HQGUXP��L�VHFXQGDU܈��:LJHOVZRUWK��������VXEOLQLD]ă�HIHFWHOH�EHQH¿FH�DOH�LQWHUYHQ܊LHL�SHQWUX�HOHYLL�GLQ�FODVHOH�,±,9��UHGXFH�DJUHVLYLWDWHD��FUH܈WH�UHVSHFWXO��HPSDWLD��DWLWXGLQLOH�SR]LWLYH� ID܊ă�GH܈�FRDOă�HWF���GDU�QX܈�L�SHQWUX�FHLODO܊L� �6($/�QX� LPSDFWHD]ă�VHPQL¿FDWLY�FRPSRUWDPHQWXO�SURVRFLDO��VăQăWDWHD�PHQWDOă�VDX�DELOLWă܊LOH�VR�FLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�vQ܈�FROLOH�LQFOXVH�vQ�VWXGLX���&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD��XWLOL]DUHD�XQHL�DERUGăUL�FHQWUDWH�SH�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�D�FRSLOXOXL�DUH�HIHFWH�EHQH¿FH�DVXSUD�SUHGăULL܈�L�FOLPDWXOXL�HGXFD܊LRQDO�� vQ�VHQVXO� vQ�FDUH�FRPXQLFDUHD�HOHY�SURIHVRU�HVWH�PDL�EXQă��DPELL�v܈L�H[SULPă�HPR܊LLOH��DX�vQ�FUHGHUH�XQXO�vQ�FHOăODOW��HOHYLL�OXFUHD]ă�PDL�ELQH�vPSUHXQă܈�L�FUH܈WH�UH]LOLHQ܊D��&ORXGHU� �L܈ +H\V�� ������� ÌQ� FLXGD� DFHVWRU� GDWH� FRQWUDGLFWRULL�� GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�QX܈�L�D�SLHUGXW�GLQ�LPSRUWDQ܊ă��HIRUWXULOH�PLQLVWHUHORU܈�L��LORU܊L�YL]LXQH�±�IRUPDUHD�DELOLWă܈LH��FX�DFHHD܊L�GLUHF܈FROLORU�PHUJkQG�vQ�DFHHD܈HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�VRFLDOH�HVWH�HVHQ܊LDOă�SHQWUX�UHGXFHUHD�SUREOHPHORU�FX�FDUH�VH�FRQIUXQWă�FRSLLL�EULWDQLFL��DJUHVLYLWDWH�ULGLFDWă��GHSUHVLH܈�L�DQ[LHWDWH�FUHVFXWă��FRPSRUWDPHQWH�GH�DXWR�UăQLUH��QHIHULFLUH��FRQVXP�GH�VXEVWDQ܊H��&ORXGHU܈�L�+H\V��������

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO܇����FRDOD�+HOH�HVWH�XQD�GLQ܈�FROLOH�vQ�FDUH�D�IRVW�SLORWDW�SEAL�SHQ�WUX�HOHYLL�GH���±���DQL��,QFOX]kQG�SURJUDPXO�vQ�FXUULFXOD܈�FROLL��FHQWUkQGX�VH�SH� LQWHJUDUHD� �L܈ GH]YROWDUHD� DUPRQLRDVă� D� ¿HFăUXL� FRSLO� vQ�PHGLXO� ��FRODU܈LQVWLWX܊LD�D�GH]YROWDW�SDUWHQHULDWH�FX� LQVWLWX܊LL� VSHFLDOL]DWH�� �L܈ FX܈�FROLOH�SUL�PDUH�GLQ� ]RQă��SHQWUX�D� IDFLOLWD�DGDSWDUHD�HOHYLORU� OD� LQWUDUHD� vQ� FLFOXO� VH�FXQGDU܇��FRDOD�VH�IRFDOL]HD]ă�SH�FUHDUHD�XQXL�FOLPDW�vQ�FDUH�FRPXQLFDUHD�HOHY�SURIHVRU�Vă�¿H�H¿FLHQWă��LDU�HOHYLL�Vă�v܈L�DVXPH�UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊L�DWkW�ID܊ă�GH�FROHJL��FkW܈�L�ID܊ă�GH܈�FRDOă��&RQGXFHUHD܈�FROLL܈�L�GHSDUWDPHQWXO�GH�VSUL�MLQ�DO� HOHYLORU� �6WXGHQW�6XSSRUW�%DVH�� LDX� vQ� FRQVLGHUDUH� WRDWH�SUREOHPHOH�VHPQDODWH�GH�DFH܈WLD�� LQWHUYLQ�DFROR�XQGH�HVWH�FD]XO� �FRQÀLFWH�FX�SăULQ܊LL��GLVSXWH�vQWUH�HOHYL�܈�L�SURSXQ�DSRL�VROX܊LL�FDUH�VXQW�UHVSHFWDWH�GH�WRDWă�FR�PXQLWDWHD� �FRODUă܈ �GH� H[�� FRGXO� GH� FRPSRUWDPHQW��� )RUPDUHD� FRQWLQXă� D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�HVWH�R�SULRULWDWH��vPSăUWă܈LUHD�H[HPSOHORU�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL��LQWHU�HYDOXăULOH�FROHJLDOH܈�L�VSULMLQXO�UHFLSURF�¿LQG�HVHQ܊LDOH�SHQWUX�DFWLYLWDWHD�GHVIă܈XUDWă�� ÌQ�XUPD�HYDOXăULL� H¿FLHQ܊HL� SURJUDPXOXL�� V�D� FRQVWDWkW� Fă�QX�PăUXO�GH�DEVHQ܊H��GHWHQ܊LLOH܈�L� vQWkU]LHULOH� OD�RUH�DX�VFă]XW�VHPQL¿FDWLY�� vQ�WLPS�FH�SURJUHVXO܈�FRODU�D�FUHVFXW��ÌQ�FD]XO�FRSLLORU�FDUH�vQWkPSLQă�GL¿FXOWă܊L�vQ�vQYă܊DUH��SROLWLFD܈�FROLL�HVWH�GH�D�L�LQWHJUD�WUHSWDW�vQ�FODVă܈��L�QX�GH�D�L�H[�FOXGH��OXFUX�FDUH�D�GXV�OD�UH]XOWDWH�PDL�EXQH�GXSă�DSOLFDUHD�6($/�vQ܈�FRDOă��&ORXGHU܈�L�+H\V��������

([HPSOXO܇����FRDOD�SULPDUă�*DOOLRQV�HVWH�VLWXDWă� vQWU�XQ�FDUWLHU�VăUDF�GLQ�/RQGUD��3HQWUX�D�IDFH�ID܊ă�SUREOHPHORU�HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�DFDGHPLFH�DOH�FRSLL�ORU܈��FRDOD�D�DGRSWDW�SURJUDPXO�3KLORVRSK\�IRU�&KLOGUHQ��3�&��GH]YROWDW�GH�

Page 175: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

0DWWKHZ�/LSPDQ���FDUH�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YROWDUHD�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�JkQ�GLUH�� UD܊LRQDPHQW��FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUH�VRFLDOă܈�L�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH��2�GDWă�SH�VăSWăPkQă�� FRSLLL� VXQW� vQFXUDMD܊L� Vă� v܈L� H[SULPH� JkQGXULOH� �L܈ H[SHULHQ܊HOH��YDORULOH܈�L�RSLQLLOH�SHUVRQDOH��Vă�SXQă�VXE�VHPQXO�vQWUHEăULL�FH�OL�VH�SUH]LQ�Wă��SRUQLQGX�VH�GH�OD�SRYH܈WL��LPDJLQL��DUWHIDFWH��FkQWHFH��DUWLFROH�GLQ�]LDUH��6H�GH]YROWă�DVWIHO�LQWHUDF܊LXQLOH�VRFLDOH��H[SULPDUHD�YHUEDOă��UD܊LRQDPHQWXO��0HULWă�PHQ܊LRQDW�IDSWXO�Fă�¿HFDUH�HOHY�FkQWă�OD�XQ�LQVWUXPHQW��LDU�DFHVW�OXFUX�OH�VSRUH܈WH�FRSLLORU�FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�FRQFHQWUDUH��DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�VWLPD�GH�VLQH��'H�DVHPHQHD��UH]XOWDWHOH�RE܊LQXWH�GH�HOHYLL�DFHVWHL܈�FROL�D�GHWHUPLQDW�FUH܈WHUHD�LQWHUHVXOXL�SHQWUX�DERUGDUHD�RULHQWDWă�VSUH�¿ORVR¿H܈�L�DUWă�LPSOH�PHQWDWă�vQ܈�FRDOă܈��L�SULQ�XUPDUH�V�D�UHDOL]DW�R�VHULH�GH�WUDLQLQJXUL�DGUHVDWH�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�vQ�YHGHUHD�SURPRYăULL�¿ORVR¿HL�3�&�vQ�DOWH܈�FROL��

([HPSOXO����Wellington College�HVWH�XQD�GLQWUH�FHOH�PDL�YHFKL�LQVWLWX܊LL�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW�GLQ�$QJOLD��&D܈�FRDOă�SULYDWă��FX�R�FOLHQWHOă�H[FOXVLYLVWă� �IDPL�OLL�FX�VWDWXW�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF�ULGLFDW�VDX�FX�YHFKL�OHJăWXUL�FX܈�FRDOD���FRQGX�FHUHD� D� GHFLV� LQWURGXFHUHD� XQXL�SURJUDP� VSHFLDO� GH� GH]YROWDUH� VRFLDOă� оL�HPRрLRQDOă� SHQWUX� HOHYLL� GH� ��±��� DQL�� VWUXFWXUDW� vQ� SDWUX�PRGXOH�� DSWLWX�GLQL�PRUDOH܈�L� VSLULWXDOH��DSWLWXGLQL� VRFLDOH܈�L�SHUVRQDOH��DSWLWXGLQL� FXOWXUDOH���L�OLQJYLVWLFH��8WLOL]kQG�MRFXULOH�GH�URO܈�L�VSRUWLYH��DSWLWXGLQL�QXPHULFH�ORJLFH܈GLVFX܊LLOH�� UHÀHF܊LLOH�SHUVRQDOH�� WHKQLFLOH�GH�PDQDJHPHQWXO�VWUHVXOXL��SULQFL�SLLOH�SVLKRORJLHL�SR]LWLYH܈�L�¿ORVR¿HL�LQGLHQH��VFRSXO�¿QDO�DO�SURJUDPXOXL�HVWH�GH�D�L� IDFH�SH�DGROHVFHQ܊L� Vă� ¿H�PDL� IHULFL܊L��PDL� UH]LOLHQ܊L�� FX� R� LPSOLFDUH�FLYLFă�PDL�PDUH�

0DOWDa. Context general

0DOWD�HVWH�FHO�PDL�PLF�VWDW�DO�8QLXQLL�(XURSHQH��&k܈WLJkQGX܈�L�LQGHSHQGHQ܊D�FX� DSUR[LPDWLY� ��� GH� DQL� vQ� XUPă�� SURJUHVXO� VRFLDO�� HFRQRPLF�� SROLWLF� �L܈HGXFD܊LRQDO� V�D� GHUXODW� OHQW�� GDU� vQ� VHQV� SR]LWLY�� FDOLWDWHD� HGXFD܊LHL� ¿LQG�PRPHQWDQ� FRPSDUDELOă� FX� D� �ăULORU܊ GH]YROWDWH� DOH� 8QLXQLL�� 5HIRUPHOH� GLQ�HGXFD܊LH�DX�DYXW�FD�VFRS�GHVFHQWUDOL]DUHD�DFHVWHLD��FUHDUHD�XQXL�FXUULFXOXP�UHOHYDQW�SHQWUX� VRFLHWDWHD�DFWXDOă�� SURPRYDUHD�PXQFLL� SVLKRORJLORU� �FRODUL܈vQ� FD]XO� FRSLLORU� FX� SUREOHPH� VRFLDOH� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOH�� RIHULUHD� XQHL� HGXFD܊LL�LQFOXVLYH܈�L�GHPRFUDWLFH��0DUHD�SURYRFDUH�D�HGXFD܊LHL�PDOWH]H�UăPkQH�vQVă�PHQ܊LQHUHD�vQ�VLVWHPXO�GH�HGXFD܊LH�VHFXQGDUă�D�HOHYLORU܈�L�RIHULUHD�XQRU�FD�OL¿FăUL�FRPSHWHQ܊H�DGHFYDWH�SHQWUX�FHL�FDUH�SăUăVHVF܈�FRDOD��0DOWD�DYkQG�FHD�PDL�PDUH�UDWă�GH�DEDQGRQ܈�FRODU�GLQ�8(��FRQIRUP�&HIDL���������(GXFD܊LD�SHUVRQDOă܈�L�VRFLDOă��(36��D�IRVW�LQWURGXVă�FD�GLVFLSOLQă�REOLJDWRULH�vQ܈�FROLOH�VHFXQGDUH�OD�vQFHSXWXO�DQLORU�¶����FD�UăVSXQV�SUHYHQWLY�OD�FUH܈WHUHD�QXPăUX�OXL�GH�FRQVXPDWRUL�GH�GURJXUL܈�L�GH�FRSLL�FDUH�SUH]HQWDX�SUREOHPH�GH�FRPSRU�

Page 176: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

WDPHQW��¿LQG��SkQă�QX�GHPXOW��DFFHVLELOă�GRDU�FHORU�GH���±���DQL��3ULQ���OHF܊LL�VăSWăPkQDOH��DFHDVWă�GLVFLSOLQă�YL]D�GH]YROWDUHD�VWăULL�GH�ELQH��D�IHULFLULL܈�L�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH�DOH�HOHYLORU��GH�H[��DXWRFRQ܈WLHQWL]DUH��H[SULPDUHD�VLQHOXL��UH]ROYDUHD�FRQÀLFWHORU܈�L�D�SUREOHPHORU��UHVSHFWXO��LQWHU�UHOD܊LRQDUHD�HWF����¿LQG�WRWRGDWă�R�vQFHUFDUH�GH�VFKLPEDUH�D�DFFHQWXOXL�vQ�HGXFD܊LH��SULQ�DFWLYLWă܊L�FHQWUDWH�SH�HOHY��SULQ�vQYă܊DUH�H[SHULHQ܊LDOă��IăUă�HYDOXăUL�IRUPDOH��DFHVWă�GLVFLSOLQă�vQFHUFD�Vă�UHGXFă�LQVWUXF܊LD�FHQWUDWă�SH�SURIHVRU��/D�RUD�DF�WXDOă�(36�HVWH�LPSOHPHQWDWă�GH�FăWUH�XQ�SURIHVRU�VSHFLDOL]DW�vQ�(36�OD�QLYHO�VHFXQGDU��D�IRVW�H[WLQVă܈�L�VSUH�FLFOXO�SULPDU��SHQWUX�HOHYLL�GH��±���DQL���XQGH�FRQ܊LQXWXO� HVWH� SUHGDW� GH� FăWUH� XQ�SURIHVRU� SHULSDWHWLF�� WHPDWLFD�DERUGDWă�¿LQG�DGDSWDW�SH�YkUVWH܈�L�LQFOX]kQG�FKLDU�DVSHFWH�GH�FRQVLOLHUH�YRFD܊LRQDOă��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD�QX�H[LVWă�R�HYDOXDUH�D�LPSDFWXOXL�(36��GH�H[��FKLDU�GDFă�DX�VFă]XW��UDWHOH�SULYLQG�FRQVXPXO�GH�VXEVWDQ܊H��DGLF܊LLOH܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�OH�GLVIXQF܊LRQDOH�DVRFLDWH�DFHVWRUD�¿LQG�SHVWH�PHGLD�WăULORU�GLQ�8(��FRQIRUP�&HIDL���������OLPLWHOH�DFHVWXL�SURJUDP��UDSRUWDW�OD�VWDQGDUGHOH�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�GH�WLS�6(/��¿LQG�QRWDELOH� �'XUODN܈�L�FRODE���������*UHHQEHUJ܈�L�FRODE����������SURJUDPXO�HVWH�GHVIă܈XUDW�FD�GLVFLSOLQă�VHSDUDWă��QX�LQWHJUDWă�vQ�FXUULFXOXP�VDX�vQ�SROLWLFD܈�FROLL���DFWLYLWă܊LOH�VXQW�UHDOL]DWH�GH�FăWUH�XQ�DOW�SURIHVRU��FDUH�QX�DUH�FRQWDFW�SHUPDQHQW�FX�HOHYLL�SHQWUX�D�DVLJXUD�YDOLGLWDWHD�HFRORJLFă�D�DFWLYLWă܊LORU܈�L�QX�FXQRD܈WH�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�DOH�DFHVWRUD���XU�PkQG�XQ�FXUULFXOXP�VWDQGDUG�HVWH�GL¿FLO�Vă�DGDSWH]H�FRQ܊LQXWXULOH�OD�QHYRLOH�UHDOH�DOH�FRSLLORU��&X� WRDWH�DFHVWHD�VH� IDF�HIRUWXUL�QRWDELOH�SHQWUX�JăVLUHD�XQRU�VROX܊LL�SHUWLQHQWH��GH�H[HPSOX�LQWURGXFHUHD�&LUFOH�WLPH��1XUWXUH�&ODVV��ED]DWH�SH�DERUGDUHD�GH�WLS�ZKROH�VFKRRO�DSSURDFK��VDX�SURJUDPH�FXUULFX�OXP�EDVHG��FDUH�YL]HD]ă�DWkW�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��FkW܈�L�LQWHJUDUHD�HOHYLORU�FX�SUREOHPH�VDX�GL¿FXOWă܊L�vQ�DFHVWH�DULL�SHUVRQDOH�GH�FRPSHWHQ܊ă��$VWIHO��vQ�QRXD�/HJH�D�ÌQYă܊ăPkQWXOXL�GLQ������H[LVWă�R�VHULH�GH�DULL�FXUULFXODUH�FDUH�GH]YROWă�DELOLWă܊LOH�6(��&HIDL��������±�HGXFD܊LH�UHOL�JLRDVă܈�L�HWLFă��HGXFD܊LH�SHQWUX�GHPRFUD܊LH܈�L�DUWH��HGXFD܊LH�¿]LFă܈�L�SHQWUX�VăQăWDWH��FDUH�LQFOXGH�HGXFD܊LH�¿]LFă܈�L�VSRUW��HGXFD܊LH�SHUVRQDOă܈�L�VRFLDOă��+RPH�HFRQRPLFV���6FRSXO�DFHVWRU�GLVFLSOLQH�HVWH�GH�D�DVLJXUD��PHQ܊LQH܈�L�SURPRYD�R�VWDUH�GH�ELQH�¿]LFă��SVLKLFă��HPR܊LRQDOă܈�L�VRFLDOă�SH�SDUFXUVXO���LRQDW�vQVă�HVWH�IDSWXO�Fă��OD�QLYHO�SULPDU܊LL��'H�PHQ܊L�DO�YLH܈�LL��GDU܊FRODULWă܈(36�HVWH�SUHGDWă�WRW�GH�XQ�VSHFLDOLVW�SHULSDWHWLF��DELOLWă܊LOH�6(�QH¿LQG�DERU�GDWH�vQ�PRG�HYLGHQW�GUHSW�FRPSHWHQ܊H�WUDQVYHUVDOH��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD܈��FROLOH�SULPDUH�FDUH�RIHUă�XQ�FOLPDW�HGXFD܊LRQDO�VLJXU��SUHRFXSDW��DFWLY܈�L� LPSOLFDW��HQJDJLQJ��VH�SDUH�Fă�DMXWă�OD�FRQVWUXLUHD܈�L�FRQVROLGDUHD�UH]LOLHQ܊HL�OD�FRSLL��&HIDL��������

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOX����1XUWXUH�FODVV� �1&��HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLDOă� �L܈HPR܊LRQDOă�� LPSOHPHQWDW� vQ� PDL� PXOWH� �FROL܈ SULPDUH�� DGUHVDW� JUXSXULORU�YXOQHUDELOH� �VWDWXW� VRFLR�HFRQRPLF� VFă]XW�� �L܈ FRSLLORU� FX� SUREOHPH� VRFLD�

Page 177: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

OH�� HPR܊LRQDOH� �L܈ GH� FRPSRUWDPHQW�� )LLQG� XQ� SURJUDP�GH�SUHYHQ܊LH� �L�VDX܈LQWHUYHQ܊LH� WLPSXULH��ED]DW�SH�WHRULD�DWD܈DPHQWXOXL��VFRSXO�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�HVWH�GH�D�RIHUL�XQ�PHGLX�GH�vQYă܊DUH�vQ�FDUH�FRSLLL�Vă�VLPWă�VLJXUDQ܊ă�HPR܊LRQDOă��SHQWUX� D� SXWHD� vQYă܊D� DWkW� DELOLWă܊L� VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�� FkW� �L܈ DFDGHPLFH��'HUXOkQGX�VH�SH�R�SHULRDGă�GH���VHPHVWUH��SURJUDPXO�SUHVXSXQH�R�FRODER�UDUH�VWUkQVă�FX�SăULQ܊LL܈�L�SURIHVRUXO�GH�OD�FODVD�vQ�FDUH�FRSLOXO�YD�¿�LQWHJUDW�XOWHULRU��VSHFLDOLVWXO�1&�RIHUă�LQIRUPD܊LL܈�L�PDWHULDOH�QHFHVDUH�DFHVWRUD��GLV�FXWă�SURJUHVXO�FRSLOXOXL��DMXVWHD]ă�SODQXO�GH�OXFUX�vPSUHXQă���3HQWUX�FRSLL�GH��±��DQL��LQWHUYHQ܊LH�WLPSXULH��SURJUDPXO�HVWH�DSOLFDW�GH�FăWUH�XQ�VSHFLDOLVW�vQ�1XUWXUH�JURXS܈�L�GH]YROWDUH�6(��FDUH�HYDOXHD]ă�QHYRLOH�FRSLOXOXL܈�L�VWDELOH܈WH�UH]XOWDWHOH�SURJUDPXOXL� �OHDUQLQJ�RXWFRPHV���$FWLYLWă܊LOH� GHVIă܈XUDWH� LQFOXG�DFWLYLWă܊L�VSHFL¿FH�&LUFOH�7LPH��MRFXUL�VWUXFWXUDWH��DFWLYLWă܊L�SODVWLFH��2�FDUDF�WHULVWLFă�D�DFHVWXL�SURJUDP�DSOLFDW� vQ�0DOWD�HVWH�Fă�HOHYLL� v܈L�SHWUHF�GRDU���RUH�]L����]LOH�SH�VăSWăPkQă��vQ�DFHVWH�FODVH��vQ�UHVWXO�WLPSXOXL�HL�SDUWLFLSkQG�OD�DFWLYLWă܊LOH� UHDOL]DWH�FX� WRDWă�FODVă��(¿FLHQ܊D�DFHVWXL�SURJUDP�D� IRVW�GH�PRQVWUDWă� �&HIDL� ��L�&RRSHU܈ ������ SURSXQHUHD� DFWXDOă� ¿LQG� FD� DFHVW� SUR�JUDP� Vă� ¿H� GHUXODW� vQ� FDGUXO� XQRU� FHQWUH� GH� LQWHUYHQ܊LH� WLPSXULH�� FDUH� Vă�¿H�WRWRGDWă�FHQWUH�GH�UHVXUVH�SHQWUX�FDGUHOH�GLGDFWLFH��3URJUDPXO�1XUWXUH�&ODVV��1&��LQFOXGH�SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�&LUFOH�WLPH��&7��VWUXFWXUDWH�vQ���FDWHJRULL�±�SURJUDPH�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�XQLYHUVDOH��LPSOHPHQWDWH�vPSUHXQă�FX�SURIHVRUXO�GH� OD�FODVă܈�L�FDUH�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�DELOLWă܊L�VSHFL¿FH�SUREOHPHORU�FODVHL�±�GH�H[��YLROHQ܊D��PDQDJHPHQWXO�FRQÀLFWXOXL�HWF���SURJUDPH�VSHFL¿FH�GH� LQWHUYHQ܊LH� �HQJO�� WDUJHWHG� LQWHUYHQWLRQ�� �L܈ SURJUDPH�PL[WH��&7�YL]HD]ă�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�SULQ�MRFXUL�GH�URO��GHVHQ��SURLHFWH�GH�JUXS��DFWLYLWă܊L�GH�VFULHUH��GUDPD�DFWLYLWLHV܈�L�SRDWH�¿�DSOLFDW�FD�SURJUDP�XQLYHUVDO� �L܈ OD� SUH܈FRODUL�� 2� FDUDFWHULVWLFă� LPSRUWDQWă� HVWH� IDSWXO� Fă� WRDWH�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GLQ�&7�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�QHYRLOH܈�L�SUREOHPHOH�FRSLLORU��vQFXUDMHD]ă�DFFHSWDUHD�QHFRQGL܊LRQDWă܈�L�FRPXQLFDUHD��¿LQG�R�VWUDWHJLH�H[WUHP�GH�XWLOă�SHQWUX�LQFOX]LXQHD�FRSLLORU�FDUH�vQWkPSLQă�GL¿FXOWă܊L�vQ�DGDSWDUH܈�L�vQYă܊DUH�

([HPSOXO����&ROHJLXO�6W��0DUWLQ�HVWH�R܈�FRDOă�VHFXQGDUă�LQGHSHQGHQWă�SUL�YDWă�vQ�FDUH�OLPED�GH�SUHGDUH�HVWH�HQJOH]D��LDU�SRSXOD܊LD܈�FRODUă�HVWH�DOFăWXL�Wă�GLQ�FRSLL�PDOWH]L܈�L�FRSLL�GH�LPLJUDQ܊L��FX�YkUVWH�vQWUH܈����L����DQL���2�DWHQ܊LH�GHRVHELWă�HVWH�DFRUGDWă�VWUăULL�GH�ELQH�D�HOHYLORU��XUPăULQGX�VH�FUHDUHD܈�L�PHQ܊LQHUHD�XQXL� FOLPDW�HGXFD܊LRQDO� FDUH� Vă� VXV܊LQă�GH]YROWDUHD� VRFLDOă� �L܈HPR܊LRQDOă�D�HOHYLORU��SULQ�FODVH�LQFOX]LYH��XQ�FXUULFXOXP�GLIHUHQ܊LDW��DGDSWDW�QHYRLORU�FRSLLORU܈�L�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH�ELQH�SUHJăWLWH��&ROHJLXO�DSOLFă�SULQFLSLLOH�SURJUDPXO� EULWDQLF� 36+(� �3HUVRQDO�� 6RFLDO� DQG� +HDOWK� (GXFDWLRQ��� DGDS�WDW�DVWIHO� vQFkW� WHPHOH�DERUGDWH�Vă�FRLQFLGă�FX�FHOH�SUHYă]XWH� vQ�FXUULFXOD�QD܊LRQDOă��3DVWRUDO�&DUH�7HDP�HVWH�R�HFKLSă�DOFăWXLWă�GLQ�GLUHFWRUXO܈�FROLL��FRQVLOLHUXO܈�FRODU��FRQVLOLHUXO�YRFD܊LRQDO܈�L�HOHYL�DL܈�FROLL�FDUH�VH�DVLJXUă�Fă�LQIRUPD܊LLOH܈�L� FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�GH]YROWDWH� vQ�FDGUXO�36+(�VXQW� LPSOHPHQWDWH�OD�QLYHOXO� vQWUHJLL܈�FROL��'H�DVHPHQHD��DFHDVWă�HFKLSă�VSULMLQă�HIRUWXULOH�GH�

Page 178: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

LQWHJUDUH� DOH� HOHYLORU� FX� SUREOHPH�� RUJDQL]kQG� GLIHULWH� DFWLYLWă܊L�� GLVFXWkQG�FX�SăULQ܊LL�VDX�RIHULQG�LQWHUYHQ܊LL�VSHFLDOL]DWH�SULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�SURIHVRUXOXL�GH�36+(��6H�XUPăUH܈WH��vQ�DFHVW�IHO��UHVSRQVDELOL]DUHD�HOHYLORU�SHQWUX�FRPSRU�WDPHQWHOH�SURSULL��SURIHVRUXO�SULQFLSDO�DO�FODVHL�¿LQG�UHVSRQVDELO�GH�PDQDJH�PHQWXO�SUREOHPHORU�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW� �DERUGDUHD�SR]LWLYă�GLQ�FDUH� WR܊L�SRW�vQYă܊D���8Q�DVSHFW�GHPQ�GH�OXDW�vQ�FRQVLGHUDUH�HVWH�SURJUDPXO�GH�FRDFKLQJ�DGUHVDW�SăULQ܊LORU��vQ�FDUH�FXUVXULOH�YL]HD]ă�DVSHFWH�UHOHYDQWH�SHQWUX�GH]YRO�WDUHD܈�L�DGDSWDUHD�FRSLOXOXL�OD܈�FRDOă��GDU܈�L�PHWRGH�SULQ�FDUH�SăULQ܊LL�SRW�VSUL�MLQL�SURJUHVXO�HOHYXOXL��PDL�DOHV�vQ�FD]XO�HOHYLORU�FDUH�vQWkPSLQă�GL¿FXOWă܊L���

0H[LFa. Context general

0H[LF�HVWH�XQD�GLQWUH܊�ăULOH�FX�FHD�PDL�PDUH�GLYHUVLWDWH�FXOWXUDOă܈�L�FX�XQD�GLQWUH�FHOH�PDL�WLQHUH�SRSXOD܊LL�GLQ�OXPH������GLQ�SRSXOD܊LH�VXE����GH�DQL��FRQIRUP�,1(*,���������7UDQVIRUPăULOH�SROLWLFH��FXOWXUDOH��HFRQRPLFH܈�L�VRFL�HWDOH��FUH܈WHUHD�UDSLGă�D�QXPăUXOXL�GH�ORFXLWRUL��DX�GDW�QD܈WHUH�XQRU�SUREOH�PH�SUHD�SX܊LQ�FXQRVFXWH�VDX�FRQ܈WLHQWL]DWH�SkQă�OD�DFHO�PRPHQW��$VWIHO��vQ�XOWLPLL�DQL��DX�IRVW�vQUHJLVWUDWH�FUH܈WHUL�VHPQL¿FDWLYH�DOH�YLROHQ܊HL�vQWUH�WLQHUL��DOH� DEDQGRQXOXL� �FRODU܈ �L܈ DOH� UDWHL� GH� VXLFLG� �0DGUD]R�� �������'H� DFHHD��UHIRUPD�FXUULFXODUă�vQFHSXWă�vQ������VXEOLQLD]ă�QHYRLD�GH]YROWăULL�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�DFDGHPLFH��GDU܈�L�D�FHORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��DELOLWDWHD�GH�H[SULPDUH�HPR܊LRQDOă��GH�UH]ROYDUH�D�SUREOHPHORU��GH�FRPXQL�FDUH�H¿FLHQWă���ÌQ�FLXGD�QXPHURDVHORU�HIRUWXUL�DOH�PLQLVWHUXOXL�PH[LFDQ�GH�D�LQWURGXFH�R�DERUGDUH�VLVWHPLFă�D�HGXFD܊LHL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��6((���QX�H[LVWă�vQFă�R�LQWHJUDUH�XQLWDUă��REOLJDWRULH��FX�SULYLUH�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă��([LVWă�vQVă�R�VHULH�GH�SURLHFWH܈�L�SURJUDPH�FDUH�IXQF܊LRQHD]ă܈�L�VXQW�LPSOHPHQWDWH�vQ�PDL�PXOWH�LQVWLWX܊LL�GH�HGXFD܊LH�

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO� ��� AMISTAD para siempre� HVWH� R� DGDSWDUH� D� SURJUDPX�lui )5,(1'6� IRU� OLIH� �DSUHFLDW� GH� 206��� PHQLW� Vă� FUHDVFă� UH]LOLHQ܊D� SULQ�FUH܈WHUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�UHGXFHUHD�DQ[LHWă܊LL܈�L�GHSUHVLHL�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L��%D]DW�SH�WHUDSLD�FRJQLWLY�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOă��&%7�܈�L�SH�SULQFLSLLOH�SVLKRORJLHL�SR]LWLYH��33���SURJUDPXO�FRQ܊LQH����VHVLXQL�D�FkWH���±���GH�PLQXWH�DORFkWH�FHORU���GLPHQVLXQL�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL��)��WH�VLP܊L�vQJUL�MRUDW"���5��UHOD[HD]ă�WH܈�L�VLPWH�WH�ELQH���,��JkQGXUL�LQWHULRDUH�H¿FLHQWH�,QQHU�KHOSIXO�WKRXJKWV���(��H[SORUHD]ă�VROX܊LLOH܈�L�VWUDWHJLLOH�GH�FRSLQJ���1��EUDYR��UHFRPSHQVHD]ă�WH���'��QX�XLWD�Vă�H[HUVH]L���6�]kPEH܈WH܈�L�SăVWUHD]ă܊�L�FDO�PXO���3URJUDPXO�FXSULQGH܈�L�VHVLXQL�GHGLFDWH�SăULQ܊LORU��vQ�FDUH�DFH܈WLD�vQYD܊ă�SULQFLSLLOH�SURJUDPXOXL��GDU܈�L�VWUDWHJLL�GH�SDUHQWLQJ�H¿FLHQW��GH�H[��FXP�Vă�VXV܊LQă�HIRUWXO�FRSLLORU��

Page 179: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

([HPSOXO����&HL�PDL�PXO܊L�FRSLL�� vQVă��VXQW� LQFOX܈L� vQ�SURJUDPXO�GLD®��FDUH�GH]YROWă�LQWHOLJHQ܊D�HPR܊LRQDOă�SULQ�DUWă��0HWRGRORJLD�SURLHFWXOXL�DUH�OD�ED]ă�HOHPHQWH�GLQ�9LVXDO�7KLQNLQJ�&XUULFXOXP��GH]YROWDW�GH�0X]HXO�GH�DUWă�PR�GHUQ� GLQ�1HZ�<RUN�� �L܈ 3URLHFWXO� =HUR� DO� FHORU� GH� OD�+DUYDUG��$FHVWD� LQWH�JUHD]ă�DERUGDUHD�LQWHOLJHQ܊HORU�PXOWLSOH��*DUGQHU��FX�FHD�D�OXL�)HXHUVWHLQ��*ROHPDQ��%UXQHU܈�L�9\JRWVN\�� vQFXUDMkQG� UHÀHF܊LD��JkQGLUHD�FULWLFă��FUHDWL�YLWDWHD��$UWD�HVWH� IRORVLWă� FD�PLMORF�GH�H[SULPDUH� �L܈ FD�PLMORF�GH� LQVWUXLUH��SURJUDPXO�IDFLOLWkQG�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH��HPR܊LRQDOH��GH�FRPXQL�FDUH܈�L�UHGXFkQG�UDWD�DEDQGRQXOXL܈�FRODU܈�L�D�QHSDUWLFLSăULL�OD�RUH��0DGUD]R���������'H�PHQ܊LRQDW�HVWH�Fă�SURJUDPXO�SRDWH�¿�XWLOL]DW� �L�SHQWUX�FRSLLL܈ FX�GL¿FXOWă܊L�GH� vQYă܊DUH��FX�VLQGURPXO�'RZQ��FX�GL]DELOLWă܊L�SVLKR�PRWULFH��FX�GH¿FLW�GH�DWHQ܊LH�VDX�R�FRPELQD܊LH�GLQWUH�DFH܈WL�IDFWRUL�

1RUYHJLDa. Context general

$YkQWXO�HFRQRPLF܈�L�EXQăVWDUHD�SRSXOD܊LHL�GLQ�XOWLPLL�FLQFL]HFL�GH�DQL�DX�GXV�OD� R� ¿QDQ܊DUH� VXEVWDQ܊LDOă�D� vQYă܊ăPkQWXOXL� DWkW� GLQ� IRQGXUL� QD܊LRQDOH�� FkW�PDL� DOHV� GLQ� IRQGXULOH� ORFDOH�� �FROLOH܈ SULPDUH� �L܈ JLPQD]LDOH� ¿LQG� ÄGH܊LQXWH´�GH�DXWRULWă܊LOH�ORFDOH��'H�DVHPHQHD��UDSRUWDW�OD�DOWH܊�ăUL�HXURSHQH��SURFHQ�WXO�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH� UDSRUWDW� OD�QXPăUXO�GH�FRSLL�HVWH�PDL�PDUH� �FX�����PDL�PDUH� GHFkW�PHGLD�2(&'��� &X� WRDWH� DFHVWHD�� FHQWUDUHD� H[FHVLYă� SH�GUHSWXULOH�FHWă܊HQLORU܈�L�HJDOLWDWHD�vQWUH�RDPHQL�HVWH�FRQVLGHUDWă�XQ�SRWHQ܊LDO�IDFWRU�GH�ULVF�SHQWUX�FOLPDWXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO��vQ�FDUH�HOHYLL�FDUH�v܈L�FHU�GUHSWXULOH�VXEPLQHD]ă�FRQVWDQW�DXWRULWDWHD�FDGUXOXL�GLGDFWLF��)LQQH���������5DSRDUWHOH�LQWHUQD܊LRQDOH�VXEOLQLD]ă� IDSWXO�Fă܈�FROLOH� vQWkPSLQă�SUREOHPH�FX�GLVFLSOLQD�HOHYLORU��DFHVWRUD�GLQ�XUPă� OLSVLQGX�OH� VWUDWHJLLOH�GH� vQYă܊DUH��GH� UH]ROYDUH�GH�SUREOHPH܈�L��DVWIHO��UH]XOWDWHOH�DFDGHPLFH�VXQW�VFă]XWH�FRPSDUDWLYH�FX�DOH�DOWRU� �ăUL�FDUH܊ LQYHVWHVF� OD� IHO�GH�PXOW� vQ�HGXFD܊LH� �UH]XOWDWHOH� OD� WHVWH�OH�3,6$��7,066��)LQQH���������ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�� OHJLOH� FX� SULYLUH� OD� HGXFD܊LH� �L܈ UHIRUPD� GLQ� HGXFD܊LH� GLQ� ������Knowledge Promotion�� LQFOXG� vQ� FXUULFXOD� REOLJDWRULH� VFRSXUL� �L܈ RELHFWLYH�VSHFL¿FH� 6(/�� ÌQ� �FROL܈ VXQW� LPSOHPHQWDWH�PXOWH� SURJUDPH�� GLQ� FDUH� XQH�OH�DSUREDWH�GH�FăWUH�0LQLVWHU��GDU�GRDU���GLQWUH�DFHVWHD�VXQW�IXQGDPHQWDWH��1RUGDKO�������PDMRULWDWHD�QRUYHJLHQH���'H�DVHPHQHD��XQ�UDSRUW�GLQ��L¿F܊WLLQ܈�LD�DVXSUD�IDSWXOXL�Fă�XQHOH�GLQWUH�HOH܊L�FRODE���vQ�)LQQH��������DWUăJHD�DWHQ܈VXQW�IRORVLWH�SHQWUX�D�FRUHFWD�SUREOHPH�GH�LQGLVFLSOLQă��PDMRULWDWHD�QX�VXQW�vQVR܊LWH�GH�R�HYDOXDUH�D�H¿FLHQ܊HL�ORU��LDU�DOWHOH�VXQW�LQFRUHFW�DSOLFDWH��'LQ�FHOH���SURJUDPH�LGHQWL¿FDWH��GRDU���GLQWUH�HOH�DX�FD�VFRS�SULQFLSDO�GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH��FDUH�VXQW�Yă]XWH�FD�SUHUHFKL]LWH܈�L�FRQVHFLQ܊H�DOH�DOH�MRFXOXL܈�L�GH]YROWăULL�OLPEDMXOXL��

Page 180: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SDUFWLFL([HPSOXO� ���9DDJHQ�6FKRRO� HVWH� R� �FRDOă܈ FX�PDL� SX܊LQ� GH� ���� GH� HOHYL�FDUH� LPSOHPHQWHD]ă� SURJUDPXO� Zero �SURJUDP� SHQWUX� UHGXFHUHD� �L܈ SUH�YHQLUHD� DJUHVLYLWă܊LL��� DGUHVDW� FRSLLORU� FX� YkUVWH� vQWUH� �� �L܈ ��� DQL�� HODERUDW�GH�1RUZHJLHQ�&HQWUH� IRU�/HDUQLQJ�(QYLURQPHQW�DQG�%HKDYLRUDO�5HVHDUFK�LQ�(GXFDWLRQ� �8QLYHUVLWDWHD�6WDYDQJHU��� 3URJUDPXO� DUH� WUHL� HOHPHQWH� FKH�LH�±�PDQDJHPHQWXO� DXWRULWă܊LL� �UROXO� SURIHVRUXOXL� FD�DXWRULWDWH�DIHFWXRDVă���FRQVLVWHQ܊D��LQWHJUDUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�vQ�SURJUDPXO܈�FROLL�܈�L�FRQWLQXLWDWHD��SHQ�WUX�FD�XQ�SURJUDP�Vă�¿H�H¿FLHQW�WUHEXLH�Vă�GXUH]H�vQ�WLPS���3ăULQ܊LL��SURIHVRULL��L܈ HOHYLL� VXQW� LPSOLFD܊L� vQ� VWDELOLUHD� UHJXOLORU��PRGXO� vQ� FDUH� VH� YRU� UH]ROYD�SUREOHPHOH��HODERUDUHD�PDWHULDOHORU܈�L�D�DFWLYLWă܊LORU��6FRSXO�HVWH�GH�D�LGHQ�WL¿FD�VLWXD܊LLOH�DJUHVLYH��GH�D�GH]YROWD�R�VWUDWHJLH�FRPXQă�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH��GH�D�SUHYHQL�LQFLGHQWHOH�YLLWRDUH܈�L�GH�D�PHQ܊LQH�DFWLY�SODQXO��LQWHUYHQ܊LD�QX�VH�vQFKHLH�GXSă�FH�FRQÀLFWXO� D� IRVW� UH]ROYDW���(IHFWHOH�SURJUDPXOXL� DX� IRVW� �L܈VXQW� UHVLP܊LWH� OD�QLYHOXO� IDPLOLHL� �SăULQ܊LL�FXQRVF�VWUDWHJLL�GH�PDQDJHPHQWXO�FRQÀLFWXOXL��UHOD܊LD�FX܈�FRDOD�V�D�vPEXQăWă܊LW���DO܈�FROLL܈�L�DO�FRSLLORU��FDUH�VH�VLPW�vQ�VLJXUDQ܊ă��LDU�vQYă܊DUHD�DUH�ORF�vQ�FRQGL܊LL�GH�HJDOLWDWH܈�L�LQFOX]LXQH��

([HPSOXO����$57��$JJUHVоLRQ�5HSODFHPHQW�7UDLQLQJ�±�*ROGVWHLQ��*OLFN܈�L�*LEEV��������SURJUDP�DPHULFDQ��DGDSWDW� OD�SRSXOD܊LD�QRUYHJLDQă��HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�PXOWLPRGDO�GH� IRUPDUH�D�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH��(VWH� IRORVLW�SHQ�WUX�PDL�PXOWH�FDWHJRULL�GH�JUXSXUL܊�LQWă��FRSLL�FX�VLQGURP�$VSHUJHU��DXWLVP��SUREOHPH�GH� FRPSRUWDPHQW�� �L܈ vQ�PDL�PXOWH�PHGLL� �vQ� ��FRDOă܈ vQ� vQFKLVRUL�VDX�vQ�SURJUDPH�GH�FRUHF܊LH���VWXGLLOH�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�GRYHGLQGX�L�H¿FLHQ܊D�vQ�UHGXFHUHD�SUREOHPHORU�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW܈�L�D�FUH܈WHULL�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH��)LQQH���������$FWLYLWă܊LOH�GHVIă܈XUDWH�FX�JUXSXUL�PLFL�GH�SDUWLFLSDQ܊L�DX�VFR�SXO�GH�D�GH]YROWD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�SUR�VRFLDOH��DOWHUQDWLYH�FRPSRUWDPHQWD�OH���DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�UHJODUH�HPR܊LRQDOă��PDQDJHPHQWXO�IXULHL�±�UăVSXQVXULOH�¿�]LRORJLFH��FRJQLWLYH܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH�܈�L�JkQGLUHD�MXGHFDWD�PRUDOă��%D]DW�SH�WHRULD�VRFLDOă�D�vQYă܊ăULL�D�OXL�%DQGXUD��SURJUDPXO�SXQH�XQ�DFFHQW�IRDU�WH�PDUH�SH�UHVWUXFWXUDUHD�FRJQLWLYă�� vQYă܊DUHD�REVHUYD܊LRQDOă܈�L�H[HUVDUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL�GH]LUDELO��'DWRULWă�DELOLWă܊LORU�SH�FDUH� OH�GH]YROWă� OD�FRSLL��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�DVFXOWD�LQVWUXF܊LXQLOH��GH�D�DGUHVD�vQWUHEăUL��GH�H[SULPDUH�D�HPR܊LLORU��JkQGXULORU��DWLWXGLQLORU�HWF���SURJUDPXO�D�IRVW� IRORVLW�SHQWUX�D�GH]�YROWD� �L܈ DOWH� FRPSHWHQ܊H�� FD�GH�H[HPSOX�DVHUWLYLWDWHD� �VHOI�DVVHUWLYHQHVV���ÌQ܈�FRDOD�6PHDKHLD��GH�H[HPSOX��SURJUDPXO�HVWH�IRORVLW�DOăWXUL�GH�Respect��XQ�DOW� SURJUDP�GH]YROWDW� GH�QRUYHJLHQL�� FHQWUDW�SH�GLVFLSOLQă� �L܈ UHGXFHUHD�DJUHVLYLWă܊LL��GDU�FDUH�QX�D�IRVW�FRQVLGHUDW�VX¿FLHQW�SHQWUX�WRDWH�QHYRLOH�FRSL�LORU�GLQ܈�FRDOă��&D�XQ�SOXV�OD�IRUPD�FODVLFă�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�D�SURJUDPXOXL��OD�6PHDKHLD�SăULQ܊LL�VXQW� LPSOLFD܊L� vQ�GHUXODUHD�SURJUDPXOXL��RIHULQG�vQWăULUL�HOHYLORU�SHQWUX�FHOH�PDL�PLFL�SURJUHVH�FRPSRUWDPHQWDOH��IDFLOLWkQG�WUDQVIHUXO�DELOLWă܊LORU�GREkQGLWH�OD�FODVă܈�L�vQ�DOWH�PHGLL��GH�H[��DFDVă���5H]XOWDWHOH�DX�DUăWDW�Fă�R�DVWIHO�GH�DERUGDUH�vL�DMXWă�SH�FRSLL�Vă�DLEă�SHUIRUPDQ܊H�DFDGH�

Page 181: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

PLFH�PDL� EXQH� �&DSUDUD� �L܈ FRODE��� ������� GDU�PDL� DOHV� Vă�DLEă� UHOD܊LL� SR�]LWLYH�FX�FROHJLL��Vă�¿H� vQFUH]ăWRUL� vQ� IRU܊HOH�SURSULL܈�L�Vă� v܈L�SRDWă�H[SULPD�DVHUWLY�JkQGXULOH܈�L�HPR܊LLOH��SURJUDPXO�SRDWH�¿�DSOLFDW�GH�OD�YkUVWD�GH���DQL��)LQQH��������

'HPRQVWUkQGX܈�L�H¿FLHQ܊D�FD�SURJUDP�DSOLFDW�LQGLYLGXDO��VDX�VLPXOWDQ�DOWRUD��SHQWUX�UHGXFHUHD�DJUHVLYLWă܊LL��$57�D�IRVW�LPSOHPHQWDW܈�L�FD�SURJUDP�KROLVWLF��ZKROH�VFKRRO�DSSURDFK���/D܈�FRDOD�6DQGHV��XQGH�FRSLLL� LQWUDX� IUHFYHQW� vQ�FRQÀLFWH��FRQGXFHUHD܈�FROLL�V�D�FRQIUXQWDW܈�L�FX�GLVSXWH�vQWUH�SURIHVRULL�FDUH�DERUGDX�GLIHULW�HOHYLL��FDUH�VH�SOkQJHDX�Fă�QX�H[LVWă�FRHUHQ܊ă܈�L�FRQVLVWHQ܊ă�vQ�HGXFDUHD�DFHVWRUD��'LQ�DFHVW�PRWLY��$57�D�IRVW�LPSOHPHQWDW�SHQWUX�VFKLP�EDUHD�FOLPDWXOXL�HGXFD܊LRQDO��SHQWUX�GLPLQXDUHD�SUREOHPHORU�GH�FRPSRUWD�PHQW܈�L� FUH܈WHUHD�SHUIRUPDQ܊HL�DFDGHPLFH��3URPRYkQG� UHVSHFWXO�� UHVSRQ�VDELOLWDWHD܈�L�FRRSHUDUHD�FD�WUăVăWXUL�GH�FDUDFWHU�� vQ�¿HFDUH� OXQă�SURIHVRULL�DOHJHDX�R�WUăVăWXUă܈�L�OH�H[SOLFDX�HOHYLORU�FDUH�VXQW�DELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�FRP�SRUWDPHQWHOH�DVRFLDWH�DFHVWHLD��3ăULQ܊LL�DX�IRVW�LPSOLFD܊L�vQ�GHFL]LLOH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�WUăVăWXULOH��FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH܈�L�YDORULOH�SH�FDUH܈�FRDOD�XUPD�Vă�OH�GH]YROWH�OD�FRSLL��LDU�R�vQWkOQLUH�VăSWăPkQDOă�FX�SURIHVRULL�SHQWUX�D�GLVFXWD�SUREOHPHOH�vQWkPSLQDWH܈�L�VROX܊LLOH�SRVLELOH�DX�FRQVWLWXLW�DFWLYLWă܊L�FRPSOHPHQWDUH�OHF܊LLORU�GHVIă܈XUDWH� OD� FODVH��6XE�DWHQWD�PRQLWRUL]DUH�D�8QLYHUVLWă܊LL� GLQ�$JGHU�� OD���DQL�GH� OD�vQFHSHUHD�SURJUDPXOXL�V�D�FRQVWDWDW�Fă�HOHYLL܈�L�DX�vPEXQăWă܊LW�WLPSXO�DORFDW�VWXGLXOXL��SHUIRUPDQ܊HOH�DFDGHPLFH�DX�FUHVFXW��FRQÀLFWHOH�V�DX�GLPLQXDW�VHPQL¿FDWLY��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�FRQFHQWUDUH�D�FUHVFXW��LDU�WLPSXO�DORFDW�SHQWUX�UH]ROYDUHD�SUREOHPHORU�GH�FRQGXLWă�D�VFă]XW�

([HPSOXO����ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�YkUVWD�SUH܈FRODUă��vQ�1RUYHJLD��JUăGLQL܊D�VH�IRFDOL]HD]ă�SH�DFWLYLWă܊L�GH�MRF�OLEHU�DOHVH��IUHH�SOD\���LQWHUDF܊LXQL�QRQ�IRUPDOH��L�H[FXUVLL�GH�R�]L܈ vQ�¿HFDUH�VăSWăPkQă��$SUR[LPDWLY�����GLQWUH�JUăGLQL܊H�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�SURJUDPXO�Ä<RX�DQG�,�DQG�XV�7ZR´�GH]YROWDW�GH�.DUL�/DPHU܈�L�WHVWDW�SH�SDUFXUVXO�D����DQL��)LQQH���������3RUQLQG�GH�OD�SRYH܈WLOH�GLQ�PDQX�DO��SUH܈FRODULL�GLVFXWă�GHVSUH�SULHWHQLH��UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH��PRUDOLWDWH��HPSDWLH��FRPSRUWDPHQWH�SUR�VRFLDOH܈�L�FRQWURO�HPR܊LRQDO��GH]YROWă�UHOD܊LL�GH�FDOLWDWH�FX�HGXFDWRULL܈�L�FROHJLL��GREkQGHVF�DELOLWă܊L�QRL��SHUVSHFWLYH�YDORURDVH�GHVSUH�SURSULD�SHUVRDQă��GHVSUH�DO܊LL܈�L�GHVSUH�UHOD܊LLOH�LQWHU�XPDQH�

ÌQ�FRQFOX]LH��REVHUYăP�Fă�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�vQ�1RUYHJLD�VH�IRFDOL]HD]ă�SUHSRQGHUHQW�SH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH��GDU��FKLDU�GDFă�DSOLFă�SURJUDPH� vPSUXPXWDWH�GH� OD�DO܊LL� SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VSHFL¿FH� �$57��7KH� ,QFUHGLEOH�<HDUV��=LSS\¶V�)ULHQGV���SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�FOLPDWXOXL�HGXFD܊LRQDO�±�OHDUQLQJ�HQYLURQPHQW�±�SUHIHUă�SURJUDPHOH�GH]YRO�WDWH܈�L�HYDOXDWH�GH�FăWUH�8QLYHUVLWă܊LOH�QRUYHJLHQH��LDU�HYDOXDUHD�LPSDFWXOXL�XQXL�SURJUDP�HVWH�FRQVLGHUDWă�H[WUHP�GH�LPSRUWDQWă��HYDOXăULOH�SHQWUX�$57��GH�H[HPSOX��VH�IDF�GH�FăWUH�8QLYHUVLWDWH��

Page 182: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

1RXD�=HHODQGăa. Context general

'DWRULWă�SUHRFXSăULORU�GHRVHELWH�GH�D�PHQ܊LQH�R�SHUIRUPDQ܊ă�DFDGHPLFă�UL�GLFDWă� OD� HYDOXăULOH� 3,6$�� JXYHUQXO� QHR�]HHODQGH]� QX� DFRUGă�� OD� QLYHO� GH�SROLWLFL� SXEOLFH�� R� DWHQ܊LH� ULGLFDWă� GH]YROWăULL� VRFLDOH� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOH� D� FRSLL�ORU��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD��SURJUDPXO�SHQWUX�HGXFD܊LH�WLPSXULH��7H�:KDULNL��HVWH�XQ�FXUULFXOXP�KROLVWLF��FDUH�YDORUL]HD]ă�PXOWH�DVSHFWH�YDORUL�VSHFL¿FH�6(/��UHOD܊LLOH� LQWHUSHUVRQDOH�� UHVSHFWXO�� FXULR]LWDWHD�� vQFUHGHUHD�� VHQWLPHQWXO� GH�DSDUWHQHQ܊ă��UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD��LQGHSHQGHQ܊D��'DWRULWă�IDSWXOXL�Fă�vQ�XOWLPD�GHFDGă�V�D�FRQVWDWDW�R�FUH܈WHUH�D�SUREOHPHORU�HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�GH�FRPSRUWD�PHQW�vQ�SRSXOD܊LD�WkQăUă������GLQ�FRSLLL�FX�YkUVWH�FXSULQVH�vQWUH܈����L����DQL�DX�IRVW�GLDJQRVWLFD܊L�FX�SUREOHPH�GH�LQWHUQDOL]DUH�VDX�H[WHUQDOL]DUH��FRQIRUP�%RODQG���������0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL܈�L�LQVWLWX܊LLOH�GHFLGHQWH�DX�vQFHSXW�vQ�DQLL������Vă�LQWURGXFă�vQ�FXUULFXOD�DVSHFWH�GH�WLS�6(/��vQ�Te whariki�܈�L�WRWRGDWă�Vă�UHFXQRDVFă�WUDGL܊LD�PDRUL��OXFUX�FDUH�D�GXV�WUHSWDW�OD�UHGXFHUHD�LQHFKLWă܊LL�VRFLDOH�vQ�HGXFD܊LH܈�L�QX�QXPDL��XQ�RELHFWLY�QD܊LRQDO�¿LQG�DFHOD�GH�UHGXFH�UH�D�VăUăFLHL�LQIDQWLOH�PDL�DOHV�SHQWUX�SRSXOD܊LD�PDRUL���ÌQ�IRUPDUHD�LQL܊LDOă��HGXFD܊LD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�QX�HVWH�SUHGDWă�FD�PDWHULH�GLVWLQFWă��FL�HVWH�LQWHJUDWă�vQ�FXUULFXOD�GH�$UWă܈�L�VăQăWDWH܈�L�HGXFD܊LH�SHUVRQDOă��PRWLY�SHQ�WUX�FDUH�PXO܊L�HGXFDWRUL�DX�FăXWDW�DOWH�UHVXUVH�SHQWUX�D�VSULMLQL�GH]YROWDUHD�HPR܊LRQDOă�D�HOHYLORU�

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����Mindfulness�vQ܈�FROL��8QXO�GLQWUH�SURJUDPHOH�6(/�GH�VXFFHV�HVWH�proiectul de mindfulness��LPSOHPHQWDW�GLQ������vQ�PDL�PXOWH܈�FROL��(IHFWHOH�UD�SRUWDWH�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL�VXQW�FUH܈WHUHD�QLYHOXOXL�GH�UHOD[DUH��HQJO��calmness���D�DWHQ܊LHL܈�L�FRQFHQWUăULL��DXWRFRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD܈�L�UHGXFHUHD�QLYHOXOXL�GH�VWUHV��D� VLPSWRPHORU�GHSUHVLYH��DQ[LRDVH�� �L܈ FUH܈WHUHD�FDOLWă܊LL� VRPQXOXL� �%RODQG��������� ,PSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPXOXL�GH�mindfulness� YL]HD]ă���DULL� FXUULFXOD�UH�±�VăQăWDWHD�¿]LFă��SVLKLFă��VSLULWXDOă܈�L�D�IDPLOLHL��DVHPăQăWRDUH�VWăULL�GH�ELQH�0DRUL��3URJUDPXO�DUH���FRPSRQHQWH��7KH�0LQGIXO�&ODVVURRP�FXUULFXOXP��FXSULQGH���OHF܊LL�GHVSUH�mindfulness�SUHGDWH�GH�XQ�VSHFLDOLVW���IRUPDUHD�SUR�IHVRULORU�SHQWUX�D�GHYHQL�Ämindful leaders´��HQJO����DSOLFDUHD�FXUULFXOHL�mindful-ness�GH�FăWUH�SURIHVRUL�vQ܈�FRDOă��OD�vQFHSXW�VXE�VXSHUYL]DUHD�VSHFLDOL܈WLORU���RIHULUHD�GH�VSULMLQ��IRUPDUH܈�L�PDWHULDOH�VXSRUW�vQ�DSOLFDUHD�FXUULFXOXPXOXL�

([HPSOXO����8Q�DOW�H[HPSOX�GH�EXQă�SUDFWLFă�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�6(/�HVWH�0DWDXUDQJD�0DRUL��R�YL]LXQH�KROLVWLFă�DVXSUD�¿LQ܊HL�XPDQH�FDUH�LQFOXGH�DV�SHFWH�VSLULWXDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��GDU�VXUSULQGH܈�L�UROXO�JUXSXOXL�VRFLDO�FDUH�vQ�FRQMRDUă�SHUVRDQD�FDUH�vQYD܊ă��(VWH�R�¿ORVR¿H�WUDGL܊LRQDOă�PDRUL��FDUH�YHGH���FRDOD�FD�SH�R�IDPLOLH�XQGH�VH�GH]YROWă�YDORULOH�XPDQH��DVSHFWHOH�VSLULWXDOH܈HPR܊LRQDOH��VRFLDOH܈�L�FXOWXUDOH�DOH�RPXOXL�

Page 183: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

([HPSOXO����3URJUDPH�DQWL�EXOO\LQJ��&RQIUXQWkQGX�VH�FX�R�VHULH�GH�FRP�SRUWDPHQWH�DJUHVLYH��DQWL�VRFLDOH��PXOWH�GLQWUH܈�FROLOH�QRXă�]HHODQGH]H�DX�DFRUGDW� R� DWHQ܊LH� GHRVHELWă� IHQRPHQXOXL� GH�bulling� �L܈ FKLDU� cyber bulling��$VWIHO��DX� IRVW� LPSOHPHQWDWH�R�VHULH�GH�SURJUDPH�GH�VXFFHVV�� LQWHJUDWH� vQ�FXUULFXOD܈�FRODUă��&RRO�6FKRROV��.LD�.DKD��DOH�FăURU�SULQFLSDO�VFRS�HVWH�UH�GXFHUHD�FRQÀLFWHORU� LQWHU�SHUVRQDOH܈�L�FUH܈WHUHD�FDOLWă܊LL� UHOD܊LLORU�FX�FHL�GLQ�MXU��GLQ�FODVă܈��FRDOă��IDPLOLH���&X�DMXWRUXO�GLVFLSOLQHL�DVHUWLYH��D�VWUDWHJLLORU�de tip peer-mediation��D�UHJXOLORU܈�L�VWUDWHJLLORU�GH�VLJXUDQ܊ă�vQ�PHGLXO�YLUWXDO��HOHYLL܈�L�FRSLLL�VXQW�vQYă܊D܊L�FXP�Vă�UHDF܊LRQH]H�vQ�FD]XO�XQXL�FRQÀLFW��FXP�Vă�UDSRUWH]H�FD]XULOH�GH�EXOOLQJ��FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�DJUHVLYH�¿LQG�ÄDERUGDWH´�OD�QLYHOXO܈�FROLL܈�L�DO�IDPLOLHL��DERUGDUH�KROLVWLFă�GLQ�FDUH�WR܊L�SRW�vQYă܊D��

Olanda

a. Context general

6LVWHPXO� GH� HGXFD܊LH� RODQGH]�� OD� IHO� FD� vQ�PDMRULWDWHD� �ăULORU܊ QRUG�YHVWLFH�GLQ�(XURSD�� HVWH� XQ� VLVWHP� FDUH� SXQH� DFFHQWXO� SH� GH]YROWDUHD� SOHQDUă� D�FRSLOXOXL��XQ�VLVWHP�FDUH�YDORUL¿Fă܈�L�SXQH�vQ�FHQWUXO�VăX�QHYRLOH�FRSLOXOXL܈�L�SDUWLFXODULWă܊LOH�VDOH�GH�GH]YROWDUH��ÌQ�PXOWH�UDSRDUWH�LQWHUQD܊LRQDOH��2ODQGD�HVWH�HYDOXDWă�FD�¿LQG�IUXQWD܈ă�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�VWDUHD�GH�ELQH܈�L� IHULFL�UHD� FRSLLORU� �L܈ DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�� IRUPDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU� VRFLDOH�� D�DELOLWă܊LORU�SHQWUX�YLD܊ă��WR܊L�DFH܈WLD�¿LQG�WHUPHQL�FDUH�VH�YHKLFXOHD]ă�vQ܈�FROL�vQFă�GH� OD� vQFHSXWXO�DQLORU�������&KLDU�GDFă�QX�H[LVWă�R�SROLWLFă�QD܊LRQDOă�FODUă�FX�SULYLUH�OD�HGXFD܊LD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�GLQ܈�FROL��'LHNVWUD���������0LQLVWHUXO�RIHUă�QL܈WH�JKLGDMH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�FXP�WUHEXLH�LPSOHPHQWDWH�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�6(/��GDU܈�L�H[HPSOH�GH�SURJUDPH�YDOLGDWH�HPSLULF�FDUH�SRW�¿�IRORVLWH�GH�Fă�WUH܈�FROL��&D�XUPDUH�D�VWUDWHJLH�QD܊LRQDOH�SHQWUX�WLQHUHW��'LHNVWUD܈�L�FRODE�����������DX�IRVW�SURSXVH�FkWHYD�GLUHF܊LL�PDUL�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH�����PRQLWRUL]DUHD�WLQHULORU��DFWLYLWDWH�FDUH�D�IRVW�XUPDWă�XUPDWă�GH�HODERUDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�LQWHUYHQ܊LH��SULPXO�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�LPSOHPHQWDW�D� IRVW�*URZLQJ�XS� LQ� WKH�FLW\��SURJUDP�JkQGLW�SHQWUX� WLQHULL�GLQ�5RWWHUGDP��XQGH�VH�vQUHJLVWUDX�FHOH�PDL�PDUL�FRWH�DOH�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�GH�ULVF��DEDQ�GRQ܈�FRODU܈�L�SUREOHPH�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW������HQJO��parenting�SUHYHQWLY��PR�QLWRUL]DUHD�VWăULL�GH�VăQăWDWH�PHQWDOă܈�L�ZHOO�EHLQJ�D�SăULQ܊LORU�FX�FRSLL�PLFL���L�PDWHULDO܈�L�RIHULUHD�XQRU�VHUYLFLL�GH�VSULMLQ�SVLKRORJLF��VRFLDO܈����LPSOHPHQ�WDUHD�SURJUDPXOXL�*RRG�%HKDYLRU�*DPH�SHQWUX�UHGXFHUHD܈�L�SUHYHQ܊LD�SUR�EOHPHORU�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQW�OD�HOHYLL�GH�QLYHO�SULPDU�����UHDOL]DUHD��LPSOHPHQ�WDUHD܈�L�HYDOXDUHD�SURJUDPXOXL�$ELOLWăрL�SHQWUX�YLDрă��LPSOHPHQWDW�GLQ��������DGUHVDW�HOHYLORU�GLQ�FLFOXO�VHFXQGDU�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW����±���DQL���

Page 184: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����3URJUDPXO�Skills for Life� HVWH� IXQGDPHQWDW�SH�SULQFLSLLOH� WHR�ULHL� vQYă܊ăULL� VRFLDOH� �%DQGXUD�����L�DOH܈���� WHUDSLHL� UD܊LRQDO�HPRWLYH� �5(7��(OOLV���������������DYkQG�FD�VFRS�FUH܈WHUHD�DXWR�H¿FDFLWă܊LL܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��3URJUDPXO�FRQ܊LQH����GH�OHF܊LL�vQ�FDUH�VXQW�DERUGDWH�WHPH�SUHFXP��UHFXQRD܈WHUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�vQ�VLWXD܊LL�FRQÀLFWX�DOH��LGHQWL¿FDUHD�JkQGXULORU܈�L�HPR܊LLORU�vQ�VLWXD܊LL�FRQÀLFWXDOH��FRPXQLFDUHD�FX�SURIHVRULL܈�L�SăULQ܊LL��VWUDWHJLL�GH�PDQDJHPHQWXO�IXULHL܈�L�DO�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�DJUHVLYH܈��D��(YDOXDUHD�H¿FLHQ܊HL�SURJUDPXOXL�GRYHGH܈WH�R�FUH܈WHUH�D�QLYH�OXOXL�GH�DXWR�H¿FDFLWDWH�D�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU��H[SULPDUHD�IXQF܊LRQDOă�D�HPR܊LLORU�QHJDWLYH��UHGXFHUHD�JkQGXULORU܈�L�LQWHQ܊LLORU�VXLFLGDOH��

([HPSOXO� ��� 3URJUDPXO� 7KH� )OLQJ� �%RHQGHUPDNHU� �L܈ FRODE��� ������ HVWH�XQ�MRF�LQRYDWLY�FDUH�DUH�FD�VFRS�FUH܈WHUHD�FDSDFLWă܊LL�GH�FRQWURO�FRJQLWLY�OD�DGROHVFHQ܊L�SHQWUX�D�FUH܈WH�PRWLYD܊LD܈�L�FRQWUROXO�FRPSRUWDPHQWDO�DO�DFHVWR�UD��-RFXO�vQFHSH�FX�R�VLWXD܊LH�vQ�FDUH�XQ�EăLDW�vQWkOQH܈WH�R�IDWă��GXSă�FDUH�VH�GHUXOHD]ă�FHOH�FLQFL�QLYHOH�DOH�MRFXOXL�vQ�FDUH�VXQW�SUH]HQWDWH�GLIHULWH�LQGLFLL�GH�WLS�SRUQH܈WH�VWDL��SH�GLIHULWH�ULWPXUL�PX]LFDOH��7UHFHUHD�GH�OD�XQ�QLYHO� OD�DOWXO��GHWHUPLQDWă�GH�FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�FRQWURO�FRPSRUWDPHQWDO�D�WkQăUXOXL��DUD�Wă�HYROX܊LD�UHOD܊LHL�GLQWUH�FHL�GRL��5H]XOWDWHOH�RE܊LQXWH�vQ�XUPD�VWXGLLORU�DUDWă�HIHFWH�SURPL܊ăWRDUH� OD�QLYHOXO�FDSDFLWă܊LL�GH�FRQWURO�FRJQLWLY� OD�DGROHVFHQ܊LL�FX�LVWRULF�GH�FRQVXP�GH�DOFRRO��GDU�FHHD�FH�FRQVLGHUăP�QRL�OD�IHO�GH�LPSRU�WDQW�HVWH�IDSWXO�Fă�DFHVWH�VWXGLL�DUDWă�FXP�SXWHP�IRORVL�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�VSHFL¿FH�JHQHUD܊LHL�DFWXDOH�GH� WLQHUL� �MRFXULOH�HOHFWURQLFH��SHQWUX�D�GH]YROWD�GLYHUVH�DELOLWă܊L�� FKLDU� HPR܊LRQDOH�� GHRDUHFH�� vQ� VSDWHOH� FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL�� VWă� R�HPR܊LH܈�L�R�VWUDWHJLH�GH�UHJODUH�HPR܊LRQDOă�

Portugalia

a. Context general

,H܈LUHD� GH� VXE� XQ� UHJLP�GLFWDWRULDO� FRQVHUYDWRU� �L܈ FUH܈WHUHD� QXPăUXOXL� GH�IHPHL�vQ�UkQGXO�IRU܊HL�GH�PXQFă�DX�GXV�OD�DSDUL܊LD�XQRU�VFKLPEăUL�PDMRUH�vQ�YLD܊D��FXOWXUD��RELFHLXULOH��H[SHFWDQ܊HOH�FHWă܊HQLORU܈�L�LPSOLFLW�OD�QLYHO�GH�VRFLH�WDWH��HFRQRPLH܈�L�HGXFD܊LH��6LVWHPXO�GH�vQYă܊ăPkQW�D�WUHEXLW�Vă�VH�DGDSWH]H�DFHVWRU�VFKLPEăUL��OXFUX�FDUH�D�GHWHUPLQDW�LQWURGXFHUHD�vQ�FXUULFXOD�REOLJD�WRULH�D�HGXFD܊LHL�SHUVRQDOH܈�L�VRFLDOH��DOăWXUL�GH�HGXFD܊LD�PRUDOă��FLYLFă܈�L�DIHFWLYă� �FRQIRUP� /HJLL� (GXFD܊LHL� GLQ� ������� &HOH� GRXă� SURJUDPH� DX� IRVW�LPSOHPHQWDWH� vQ�����L�HYDOXDWH�XQ�DQ�PDL܈�� WkU]LX��GDU�FKLDU�GDFă�DX�IRVW�ELQH�SULPLWH܈�L�DX�LQÀXHQ܊DW�SR]LWLY�GH]YROWDUHD�FRSLLORU܈�L�UHOD܊LD�HOHY�SURIH�VRU��&DPSRV܈�L�0HQH]HV���������GL¿FXOWă܊LOH�VHVL]DWH�GH�FăWUH܈�FROL�DX�GXV�OD�R�UHJkQGLUH�D�RELHFWLYHORU�ORU܈�L�D�PRGXOXL�GH�LPSOHPHQWDUH��ÌQ�/HJHD�GLQ�������'UHFUHH�/DZ����������HGXFD܊LD�SHUVRQDOă܈�L�VRFLDOă�UăPkQH�FD�DULH�

Page 185: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

FXUULFXODUă�FDUH�LQFOXGH�HGXFD܊LD�FLYLFă��3URMHFW�$UHD܈�L�SHULRDGH�GH�VWXGLX�VXSHUYL]DWH��&X� WRDWH�DFHVWHD��R�DWHQ܊LH�GHRVHELWă� vQFHSH�Vă�¿H�DFRUGDWă�IRUPăULL�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��)DULD��������FDUH�WUHEXLH�Vă�¿H�vQYă܊DWH�Vă�UHÀHF�WH]H�DVXSUD�SUDFWLFLL�SHUVRQDOH��Vă܈�WLH�Vă�UHDOL]H]H�PDWHULDOH�GLGDFWLFH܈�L�Vă�LGHQWL¿FH�VROX܊LL�FDUH�Vă�vL�DMXWH�vQ�SUHGDUHD�HGXFD܊LHL�VRFLDOH��HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�SHUVRQDOH��Vă�¿H�FDSDELOL�Vă�OXFUH]H�FX�FRSLL�FX�GLYHUVH�EDFNJURXQG�XUL�HWQL�FH��VRFLDOH܈�L�FXOWXUDOH��VH�vQFHDUFă�DVWIHO�UHVSHFWDUHD�SULQFLSLLORU�HGXFD܊LHL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�SUHYă]XWH�GH�&$6(/��

7RWRGDWă��UHPDUFăP�vQ�OLWHUDWXUD�GH�VSHFLDOLWDWH�DSDUL܊LD�XQRU�VWXGLL�GH�YDOL�GDUH�D�XQRU�SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�6(/�FDUH�PHULWă�PHQ܊LRQDWH� Social Adventure DQG�5LVN��GH]YROWDW܈�L�HYDOXDW� vQ�������0DWRV���������FDUH�FKLDU�GDFă܈�L�D�GRYHGLW�H¿FLHQ܊D��QX�D�IRVW�XWLOL]DW�OD�QLYHO�QD܊LRQDO��)LQG�<RXU�2ZQ�6W\OH��FDUH�GH]YROWă�DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�FRPXQLFDUH܈�L�UHOD܊LRQDUH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOă��LGHQWL¿FDUHD��WHUHD�FDSLWDOXOXL܈LLORU��DXWR�UHJODUHD��FUH܊L�FRJQL܈�LLORU܊L�PDQDJHPHQWXO�HPR܈VRFLDO܈�L�D�H[SHFWDQ܊HORU�YLLWRDUH�±�v܈L�GRYHGH܈WH�H¿FLHQ܊D܈�L�HVWH�vQFRUSRUDW�vQ�FXOWXUD܈�FROLORU��0DWRV܈�L�FRODE���������SUHFXP܈�L�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YRO�WDUHD�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOă�HODERUDW�SHQWUX�HOHYLL�GH�FODVD�D�,9�D�SURLHFWDW�FRQ�IRUP�SULQFLSLLORU�6(/��UHDOL]DW�vQ�FDGUXO�XQHL�OXFUăUL�GH�GRFWRUDW��5DLPXQGR��0DUTXHV�3LQWR܈�L�/LPD�������� vQ�)DULD���������7RWX܈L��DFHVWRU�SURJUDPH� OH�OLSVHD�SDUWLFLSDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�DQJDMDPHQWXO�HOHYLORU��PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�HVWH�GH]YROWDW�SURLHFWXO�Dream Teens��0DWRV܈�L�6LPRHV���������DO�FăUXL�VFRS�HVWH�GH]YROWDUHD� OD� FRSLL� �L܈ DGROHVFHQ܊L� D� FRPSHWHQ܊HL� �LHL܊L�PRWLYD܈ SHQWUX�SDU�WLFLSDUHD� �L܈ LPSOLFDUHD� VRFLDOă�� 3URJUDPXO� LQFOXGH� WUHL� HOHPHQWH� LPSRUWDQ�WH�±�SDUWLFLSDUHD� WLQHULORU� �RIHULUHD�XQRU�RSRUWXQLWă܊L�GH� LPSOLFDUH�D� WLQHULORU�vQ� DFWLYLWă܊L� GH� OHDGHUVKLS��� GH]YROWDUHD�GH�DELOLWă܊L� �DFFHQW� SH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�YLD܊ă�܈�L�DGXOW�PHQWRUVKLS��UHOD܊LH�GH�JULMă܈�L�DIHF܊LXQH�vQWUH�DGXOW��D�SURJUDPXOXL�D�IRVW�GRYHGLWă��QLFL�DFHVW�SURJUDP܊L�WkQăU���&KLDU�GDFă�H¿FLHQ܈QX�D�IRVW�LPSOHPHQWDW�OD�QLYHO�QDWLRQDO��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD�H[LVWă܈�L�DOWH�FD]XUL�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL�FDUH��FKLDU�GDFă�QX�VXQW�YDOLGDWH�GH�VWXGLL�HPSLULFH��VXQW�FRQVLGHUDWH�FD�DYkQG�LPSDFW�OD�QLYHOXO�GH]YROWăULL�6(/�OD�FRSLL܈�L�WLQHUL�

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����3URLHFWXO�7KH�3URMHFW�$UHD�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�LQWHJUDW�vQ�FXUUL�FXOD�QD܊LRQDOă��HQJO��national citizenship education programme�܈�L�VH�DGUH�VHD]ă�HOHYLORU�FX�YkUVWD�GH���±���DQL��7HPHOH�GLQ�FDGUXO�DFHVWXL�SURJUDP�VXQW��UHVSHFWDUHD�GUHSWXULORU�RPXOXL��UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊L܈�L�GUHSWXUL�FHWă܊HQH܈WL��FXQR܈WLQ܊H�OHJDWH�GH�PRGXO�vQ�FDUH�HVWH�RUJDQL]DW�VWDWXO�GHPRFUDWLF��3URLHFWXO�D�IRVW�FRQFHSXW�SHQWUX�D�¿�GHVIă܈XUDW�SH�WRDWă�GXUDWD�XQXL�DQ܈�FRODU��DVSHFW�FDUH�D� UHSUH]HQWDW�R�SURYRFDUH�SHQWUX�FXUULFXOD܈�L� �FRDOD܈ WUDGL܊LRQDOă�SRU�WXJKH]ă��7KH�3URMHFW�$UHD�D�IRVW�JkQGLW�FD�XQ�SURLHFW�LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU��FUHDW�VSHFLDO�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�XQHL�FXQRD܈WHUL�LQWHJUDWH��3URLHFWXO�SURPRYHD]ă�PXQFD�vQ�HFKLSă��vQFXUDMHD]ă�FUHDUHD�GH�OHJăWXUL�vQWUH�FHHD�FH�vQYD܊ă�HOHYLL�

Page 186: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

�VRFLDOH��HFR��D�GH�]L�FX�]L܊L�OXPHD�UHDOă��SXQH�DFFHQW�SH�SUREOHPHOH�GLQ�YLD܈QRPLFH��GH�PHGLX��DUWLVWLFH��FXOWXUDOH��� WRDWH�vQ܊HOHVH�SULQ�SULVPD�XQHL�SHU�VSHFWLYH�JOREDOH��3ULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�DFHVWXL�SURFHV�GHVFKLV܈��FRDOD�D�GHYHQLW�PXOW�PDL�RULHQWDWă�VSUH�VRFLHWDWH��VSUH�RDPHQL��vQWU�R�PDQLHUă�GHPRFUDWLFă��L�SURIHVRULORU�vQ�FDGUXO܈�WHUHD�DXWRQRPLHL�HOHYLORU܈L�LQFOXVLYă��GXFkQG�OD�FUH܈SURFHVXOXL�GH�vQYă܊DUH��&DPSRV܈�L�0HQH]HV��������

([HPSOXO����(VFROD�GD�3RQWH��7KH�%ULGJH�6FKRRO��HVWH�R܈�FRDOă�SULPDUă��VL�WXDWă�vQ�RUD܈XO�3RUWR��IRQGDWă�vQ�DQXO�������XQGH�vQYD܊ă�FRSLL�FX�YkUVWH�FXUSLQ�VH�vQWUH܈���L����DQL��$FHDVWă܈�FRDOă�HVWH�IXQGDPHQWDWă�GH�YDORUL�SUHFXP�VR�OLGDULWDWHD��DERUGDUHD�GHPRFUDWLFă��DXWRQRPLD��UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD��OLEHUWDWHD��HVF܈L�R�vQVX܈�L�FRRSHUDUHD��DXWRQRPLD�¿LQG�YDORDUHD�FHQWUDOă�SH�FDUH�HOHYLL܈SH�PăVXUă�FH�DYDQVHD]ă�vQ�SURFHVXO�GH�vQYă܊DUH��6WUXFWXUD�RUJDQL]D܊LRQDOă�D܈�FROLL�(VFROD�GD�3RQWH�VH�ED]HD]ă�SH�PRGHOXO�3��FDUH�SURPRYHD]ă܇�FRDOD�$FWLYă��(OHYLL�OXFUHD]ă�FX�SURIHVRULL��FDUH�VH�FRPSRUWă�DVHPHQHD�XQRU�FRQ�VLOLHUL�HGXFD܊LRQDOL��PDL�GHJUDEă�GHFkW�DVHPHQHD�XQRU�SURIHVRUL�WUDGL܊LRQDOL��SULQ�IDSWXO�Fă�VXQW�SDUWH�GLQ�HFKLSD�GH�OXFUX�D�DFHVWRUD܈�L�DX�XQ�VFRS��UHVSHF�WLY�SURLHFWXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�FRPXQ��3URPRYkQG�FRQFHSWXO�GH�open school��FODVD�HVWH�Yă]XWă�FD�XQ�DWHOLHU܈�L�UHSUH]LQWă�ORFXO�vQ�FDUH�HOHYLL�vQYD܊ă�R�PXOWLWXGLQH�GH�DELOLWă܊L��WHKQLFL܈�L�GHSULQGHUL�� OXFUkQG�LQGLYLGXDO�VDX�vQ�JUXS��,GHHD�GH�D�HOLPLQD�SHUH܊LL�FDUH�Vă�GHVSDUWă�FODVHOH�IDFH�FD�HOHYLL܈�L�SURIHVRULL�Vă�QX�VH�PDL�VLPWă�vQJUăGL܊L܈�L�Vă�VFDSH�GH�ULJLGLWDWHD�VSD܊LLORU�WUDGL܊LRQDOH��IDFLOLWkQG�vQ� DFHVW�PRG� FRPXQLFDUHD� �&DQiULR��0DWRV�� �L܈ 7ULQGDGH� �L܈ FRODE��� �������LQWHUDF܊LXQHD܈�L�FRODERUDUHD�GLQWUH�HOHY܈�L�SURIHVRU��ÌQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�SUH�GDUHD܈�L�SURFHVXO�GH�vQYă܊DUH��HGXFDWRULL� OXFUHD]ă�DOăWXUL�GH�HOHYL��OXkQG�vQ�FRQVLGHUDUH�QHYRLOH�¿HFăUXL�FRSLO�vQ�SDUWH��YDORUL]kQGX�VH�DWkW�vQYă܊DUHD�IRU�PDOă��FkW܈�L�SH�FHD�LQIRUPDOă��vQYă܊DUHD�FDUH�DSDUH�vQ�FDGUXO�JUXSXOXL��SULQ�SDUWLFLSDUHD�DFWLYă�D�WXWXURU�PHPEULORU�GLQ�HFKLSă���&H�HVWH�VSHFLDO�OD�DFHDV�Wă�DERUGDUH�HVWH�IDSWXO�Fă�HOHYXO�v܈L�SRDWH�FUHD�SURSULXO�WUDVHX�HGXFD܊LRQDO��DGDSWkQG�FXUULFXOD�OD�QHYRLOH�VDOH��$FHVW�OXFUX�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�SULQ�vQWkOQLUL�ELOX�QDUH�FX�FRQVLOLHUXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�DVLJQDW�HOHYXOXL��vQ�YHGHUHD�UHDOL]ăULL�SODQXOXL�SHQWUX�GRXă�VăSWăPkQL��7ZR�ZHHNO\�3ODQ���&RQVLOLHUXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�REVHUYă�DWkW�DWLWXGLQLOH��FkW܈�L�FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�HOHYLORU�VăL܈��L�OH�RIHUă�JKLGDM�SHQWUX�D�L�DMXWD�Vă�v܈L�GH]YROWH�VWUDWHJLLOH�]LOQLFH�GH�vQYă܊DUH��3ăULQ܊LL�VXQW�LPSOLFD܊L�DFWLY� vQ�VSULMLQLUHD�SURFHVXOXL�HGXFD܊LRQDO�DO�HOHYLORU܈�L� vQ� UHOD܊LD�FX܈�FRDOD��$VRFLD܊LD�3ăULQ܊LORU�UHSUH]HQWkQG�FHO�PDL�LPSRUWDQW�SDUWHQHU�DO܈�FROLL��

([HPSOXO����3URJUDPXO�7KH�0DWRVLQKRV�6HFRQG�&KDQFH�6FKRRO�PLOLWHD]ă�SHQWUX�FD�WR܊L�WLQHULL�Vă�DLEă�GUHSWXO�OD�D�GRXD܈�DQVă��FX�VFRSXO�GH�D܈�L�GHVFR�SHUL�SURSULLOH�DELOLWă܊L��YLVH܈�L�DVSLUD܊LL܈�L�GH�D�VH�UHDOL]D�vQ�YLD܊ă��$FHVW�SURJUDP�QX�HVWH�R�VLPSOă܈�FRDOă��FL�PDL�GHJUDEă�XQ�SURLHFW�VRFLDO܈�L�FXOWXUDO�FDUH�VH�DGUHVHD]ă�WLQHULORU�FX�YkUVWD�FXSULQVă�vQWUH܈����L����DQL�FDUH�DX�DEDQGRQDW��FRDOD܈ IăUă� D� RE܊LQH� QLFLR� FDOL¿FDUH�� ÌQ� FDGUXO� SURLHFWXOXL�� DFH܈WL� WLQHUL� SRW�

Page 187: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

RE܊LQH�FDOL¿FDUH��WUDLQLQJ���RELHFWLYHOH܈�FROLL�¿LQG�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VR�FLDOH�� HPR܊LRQDOH� �L܈ YRFD܊LRQDOH� DOH� DFHVWRUD܇��FRDOD� HVWH� RUJDQL]DWă� VXE�IRUPD� XQXL� SURLHFW� LQWHJUDW�� XQGH� LQWHUYHQ܊LLOH� VXQW� UHDOL]DWH� SH�PDL�PXOWH�QLYHOXUL��QLYHOXO� LQGLYLGXDO�±�FRJQLWLY��VRFLDO��HPR܊LRQDO��GH�VăQăWDWH��QLYHOXO�IDPLOLDO�±�LGHQWL¿FDUHD܈�L�VROX܊LRQDUHD�SUREOHPHORU�vQ�FDGUXO�IDPLOLHL�UHVWUkQ�VH��QLYHOXO�VRFLR�FRPXQLWDU�±�LQWHJUDUHD܈�L�SDUWLFLSDUHD�vQ�FDGUXO�FRPXQLWă܊LL�ORFDOH��QLYHOXO�SLH܊HL�GH�PXQFă�±�GH]YROWDUHD�GH�DELOLWă܊L܈�L�FRPSHWHQ܊H�DGDS�WDWH�SHQWUX�QHYRLOH�SLH܊HL�PXQFLL�

([HPSOXO����3URJUDPXO� ÌQFHW�� GDU� VLJXU� D� IRVW� GH]YROWDW� GH�FăWUH� WUHL� FHU�FHWăWRUL�GH�OD�)DFXOWDWHD�GH�3VLKRORJLH�GLQ�/LVDERQD��5DLPXQGR��0DUTXHV��3LQWR܈��L�/LPD��������SHQWUX�HOHYL�FX�YkUVWD�FXUSLQVă�vQWUH��±���DQL��$FHVW�SURJUDP�GH�SUHYHQ܊LH�HVWH�XQXO�XQLYHUVDO��FUHDW�vQ�FDGUXO�XQHL܈�FROL܈�L�YL]HD]ă�PDL�PXOWH�DVSHFWH��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�DXWR�FXQRD܈WHUH��GH�DXWR�FRQ�WURO�FX�VFRSXO�GH�D�RE܊LQH�VXFFHV�vQ܈�FRDOă��UHVSHFWLY�vQ�YLD܊ă��XWLOL]DUHD�GH�DELOLWă܊L�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH�SHQWUX�D�FUHD܈�L�PHQ܊LQH�UHOD܊LL�SR]LWLYH��vQVX܈LUHD�GH�DELOLWă܊L�GHFL]LRQDOH܈�L�GH]YROWDUHD�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�UHVSRQVDELOH� vQ�FRQ�WH[WH�SHUVRQDOH��GH܈�FRDOă܈�L�GH�FRPXQLWDWH��3URJUDPXO�D�IRVW�LPSOHPHQWDW�vQ�DQXO܈�FRODU�����±�����vQ܈�DVH܈�FROL܈�L�D�FXSULQV����GH�VHVLXQL��¿HFDUH�D�FkWH���±���PLQXWH��VHVLXQL�FDUH�DX�IRVW�LQWHJUDWH�vQ�FXUULFXOD܈�FROLL܈�L�DX�IRVW�VXV܊LQXWH�GH�FăWUH�XQ�SVLKRORJ�� vQ�SUH]HQ܊D�XQXL�SURIHVRU��5H]XOWDWH� VHP�QL¿FDWLY�PDL�EXQH�ID܊ă�GH�JUXSXO�GH�FRQWURO�DX�IRVW�vQUHJLVWUDWH�vQ�GRPHQLXO�DMXVWăULL�SVLKRORJLFH܈�L�DO�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�

Singapore

a. Context general

ÌQ�6LQJDSRUH�HGXFD܊LD� HVWH� R� SULRULWDWH� QD܊LRQDOă�� SHUIRUPDQ܊HOH� OD� WHVWHOH��HOHJkQG�IDSWXO�Fă܊L�7,006�GLQ�XOWLPLL����DQL�GRYHGLQG�DFHVW�OXFUX��ÌQ܈�3,6$SHUIRUPDQ܊D�DFDGHPLFă�HVWH�VXV܊LQXWă�GH�R�VWDUH�GH�ELQH�JHQHUDOă�D�HOHYXOXL��GLQ�������VFRSXO�PDMRU�DO�SROLWLFLORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�6(/�D�IRVW�DERU�GDUH� ORU� LQWHJUDWă�� FRPSUHKHQVLYă��ED]DWă�SH�H[HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL� �L܈DGDSWDWă�QHYRLORU�FRSLLORU�GLQ܈�FROL��$VWIHO��vQ�SHULRDGD�����±�����0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܊LHL�D�VSULMLQLW�HIRUWXULOH�SHQWUX�UHDOL]DUHD�XQXL�FDGUX�vQ�FDUH�6(/�Vă�¿H�GH]YROWDWă܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDWă�vQ܈�FROL��FDGUXO�FRQFHSWXDO��VWDQGDUGH܈�L�LQGLFD�WRUL�SHQWUX�6(/��FULWHULL�GH� LPSOHPHQWDUH܈�L� UHVXUVHOH�QHFHVDUH���SHQWUX�FD�GLQ������SkQă�vQ������Vă�¿H�GHVIă܈XUDWH�FXUVXUL�GH�SHUIHF܊LRQDUH�IRUPDUH�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�SHQWUX�D�¿�FDSDELOH�Vă�GH]YROWH�OD�HOHYL�DFHVWH�FRPSHWHQ܊H��.RP���������ÌQ�DFHVW�IHO�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�D�IRVW�LQWHJUDWă�vQ�FXUULFXOXPXO�WXWXURU܈�FROLORU��vQ�FDGUXO�GLIHULWHORU�GLVFLSOLQH܈�FRODUH�VDX�FD�SURJUDP�GH�VLQH�VWăWăWRU���VWDWXO�RIHULQG�XQ�VSULMLQ�FRQVWDQW�SHQWUX�LPSOHPHQ�WDUHD�DFHVWHL�DERUGăUL��vQ�PRGXUL�YDULDWH��SHQWUX�HYDOXDUHD܈�L�RSWLPL]DUHD�HL�

Page 188: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

SULQ�VFKLPEXUL�GH�H[SHULHQ܊ă�FX�DOWH� �WLORU�GLQ܈ăUL��SULQ�SDUWLFLSDUHD�VSHFLDOL܊HGXFD܊LH�OD�FRQIHULQ܊H��SULQ�GH]YROWDUHD�XQRU�FRPXQLWă܊L�GH�ÄVKDUHG�SUDFWLFH´�vQWUH܈�FROL�� vQFXUDMDUHD� WHVWăULL�PDL�PXOWRU�SURJUDPH�vQ�YHGHUHD� LGHQWL¿FăULL�XQXLD�FDUH�Vă�VH�SOLH]H�SH�QHYRLOH�HOHYLORU��.RP���������$FHVW�OXFUX�D�GXV�OD�SRVLELOLWDWHD�FUHăULL�GH�SURJUDPH�GH�WLS�6(/�DGDSWDWH܈�L�WHVWDWH�SHQWUX�¿HFDUH��L�YDOLGDWH܈�L�OD�XWLOL]DUHD�XQRU�SURJUDPH�LPSOHPHQWDWH܈�FRDOă�vQ�SDUWH��GDU܈vQ�DOWH܊�ăUL�

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO� ��� ÌQ� �FRDOD܈ SULPDUă� *DQG� (QJ� 6HQJ� 3ULPD\� 6FKRRO� �*(63��HIRUWXULOH�WXWRURU�VXQW�FDQDOL]DWH�VSUH�FUHDUHD�XQXL�FOLPDW�DIHFWLY��FDULQJ�܈�L�VXSRUWLY� SHQWUX� FRSLL�� vQ� VFRSXO�GH]YROWăULL� FDUDFWHUXOXL� оL� D� FRPSHWHQрHORU�VRFLR�HPRрLRQDOH�DOH�DFHVWRUD��9L]LXQHD܈�FROLL�HVWH�Fă�¿HFDUH�HOHY�HVWH�XQ�FDPSLRQ��PRWLY�SHQWUX�FDUH�DERUGDUHD�KROLVWLFă�D�LQVWLWX܊LHL�HVWH�FXQRVFXWă�FD��XUDWă��3URIHVRULL܈L�VH�UHÀHFWă�vQ�¿HFDUH�DFWLYLWDWH�GHVIă܈�636)*$03#+&DGDSWHD]ă�FRQ܊LQXWXO܈�L�PHWRGD�GH�SUHGDUH�OD�FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH܈�L�QHYRLOH�HOH�YLORU�FX�FDUH�OXFUHD]ă��FRPSRUWDPHQWHOH�SUREOHPDWLFH�¿LQG�DERUGDWH�GLQ�SHU�VSHFWLYD�HIHFWHORU� SH� FDUH� OH�DX�DVXSUD�SURSULHL� SHUVRDQH܈�L� DVXSUD� FHORU�GLQ� MXU�� 6H� GH]YROWă� DVWIHO� DXWR�FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD� �L܈ FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD� VRFLDOă��HPSDWLD��UHVSRQVDELOLWDWHD��FRPXQLFDUHD��DFFHQWXO�¿LQG�SODVDW�SH�DSUHFLHUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL�SR]LWLY�SULQ�GLIHULWH�LQVWUXPHQWH�GH]YROWDWH�GH�FăWUH܈�FRDOă��+ROLVWLF�5HSRUW�&DUG�vQ�FDUH�VXQW�WUHFXWH�SURJUHVHOH�DFDGHPLFH�GDU܈�L�FHOH�VRFLDOH��HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L� OHJDWH�GH�FDUDFWHUXO�FRSLOXOXL��&KDPS�6SDFH�±�SUH�PLX�SHQWUX�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�SR]LWLYH�HWF����'H]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�OHDGHU�VKLS�VXQW�FRQVLGHUDWH�LPSRUWDQWH܈�L�VH�GH]YROWă�SULQ�RIHULUHD�SRVLELOLWă܊LL�GH�DVXPDUH�D�XQRU�UROXUL�vQ�FDGUXO�FODVHL܈�L�D�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�FXUULFXODUH�GLQ܈�FRDOă��H[��6SRUW� /HDGHU�� /LEUDU\� /HDGHU��� 3HQWUX� FRSLL� FDUH� vQWkPSLQă� SUREOHPH�GH�DGDSWDUH܈��FRDOD�LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�UH]LOLHQ܊HL��DXWR�GLVFLSOLQHL��vQFUHGHULL�vQ�VLQH�SULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�DUWHORU��*8672�.LGV�&OXE��FDUH�RIHUă�HOHYLORU܈�DQVD�GH�D�UHX܈L��GH�D�ÄVLP܊L�JXVWXO´�VXFFHVXOXL�vQ�FDGUXO�XQRU�DFWLYLWă܊L�GLYHUVH��GH�OD�PX]LFă��GDQV��SkQă�OD�DELOLWă܊L�FXOLQDUH�

([HPSOXO����.UDQML�6HFRQGDU\�6FKRRO�GH]YROWă�FDUDFWHUXO�оL�DELOLWăрLOH�VRFL-DOH�оL�HPRрLRQDOH�SULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�SURLHFWHORU�GH�WLS�HQJO��Äservice learning´��$VWIHO��HOHYLL�VXQW�vQFXUDMD܊L܈�L�VSULMLQL܊L�Vă�FXQRDVFă�R�FRPXQLWDWH�DQXPH��Vă�LGHQWL¿FH�QHYRLOH�DFHVWHLD܈�L�Vă�GH]YROWH�VWUDWHJLL�SULQ�FDUH�DFHVWH�QHYRL�SRW�¿�VDWLVIăFXWH��6H�GH]YROWă�DVWIHO�FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUHD�VRFLDOă��DELOLWă܊LOH�GH�FRPX�QLFDUH��GH�PXQFă�vQ�HFKLSă��GH�OXDUH�D�GHFL]LLORU�

([HPSOXO����1RUWKOLJKW�6FKRRO�HVWH�R� LQVWLWX܊LH�GH� WLS�ÄD�GRXD�оDQVă´�GHV�WLQDWă� DGROHVHQ܊LORU� FX� GLIHULWH� SUREOHPH� ±� H܈HF� ��FRODU܈ DGLF܊LL�� SUREOHPH�HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�GH�FRQGXLWă�HWF�±�vQ�FDUH�VFRSXO�SULQFLSDO�HVWH�SUHJăWLUHD�DFHV�WRUD�SHQWUX�FDULHUă܈�L�SHQWUX�HGXFD܊LD�SHUPDQHQWă��VFKLPEDUHD�SHUFHS܊LLORU�

Page 189: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

GHVSUH�HGXFD܊LH���/D�LQWUDUHD�vQ܈�FRDOă��WXWXURU�HOHYLORU�OL�VH�UHDOL]HD]ă�SUR¿OXO�GH� LQWHOLJHQ܊ă�HPR܊LRQDOă��GXSă�FDUH�VXQW� vQGUXPD܊L� VSUH�GLYHUVH�DFWLYLWă܊L�SHQWUX�D�OL�VH�GHVFRSHUL�WDOHQWHOH��DELOLWă܊LOH��DSWLWXGLQLOH��FUHkQGX�VH�FRQWH[WH�SHQWUX�GH]YROWDUHD�VWLPHL�GH�VLQH܈�L�D�VXFFHVXOXL��(GXFDUHD�FDUDFWHUXOXL�HVWH�R� SULRULWDWH� D� ��FROLL܈ vQYă܊DUHD� H[SHULHQ܊LDOă� DMXWkQGX�L� SH� WLQHUL� Vă� GREkQ�GHDVFă�FXQR܈WLQ܊H܈�L�GLQ�GRPHQLXO�FHORUODOWH�GLVFLSOLQH�SUHFXP�PDWHPDWLFD��HQJOH]D��WHKQRORJLD�LQIRUPD܊LHL܈�L�FRPXQLFăULL�HWF��/D�vQFHSXWXO�¿HFăUHL�]LOH�GH��L�PRGXO�vQ܈�FRDOă��HOHYLL�GLVFXWă�GHVSUH�WUăVăWXUD�GH�FDUDFWHU�D�VăSWăPkQLL܈FDUH�VH�H[SULPă�HD�vQ�GLIHULWH�FRQWH[WH��'H]YROWDUHD�LQWHOLJHQ܊HL�HPR܊LRQDOH��D�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�JkQGLUH�FULWLFă܈�L�FUHDWLYă��SURJUDPHOH�GH�WLS�service learning �WLHQWL]H]H�SXQF܈L�FRQ܈LOH�GH�RULHQWUH�vQ�FDULHUă�vL�DMXWă�SH�WLQHUL�Vă�v܊L�DFWLYLWă܈WHOH�WDUL��Vă�v܈L�DWLQJă�SRWHQ܊LDOXO��Vă�OXFUH]H�vQ�HFKLSă��Vă�¿H�UHVSHFWXR܈L�FX�FHLODO܊L��Vă�DLEă�R�FRQGXLWă�PRUDOă܈�L�Vă�PDQLIHVWH�SUHRFXSDUH�ID܊ă�GH�FHLODO܊L��.RP��������

Statele Unite ale Americii

a. Context general

6WDWHOH�8QLWH�VXQW�XQD�GLQWUH܊�ăULOH�FDUH�DFRUGă�R�DWHQ܊LH�IRDUWH�PDUH�GH]YRO�WăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��HODERUDUHD��LPSOHPHQWDUHD܈�L�HYDOXDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�WLS�6(/�¿LQG�VSULMLQLWH�GH�&$6(/��&ROODERUDWLYH�IRU�$FDGHPLF��6RFLDO�DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ���$FHVWH�HIRUWXUL�HPSLULFH܈�L�SUDFWLFH�DX�GXV�LQFOXVLY�OD�LPSOHPHWDUHD܈�L�UHRULHQWDUHD�SROLWLFLORU�QD܊LRQDOH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�VWD�UHD�GH�ELQH܈�L�VXFFHVXO�FRSLLORU�DPHULFDQL��GLUHFWLYH�FDUH�UHJOHPHQWHD]ă�PR�GXO�GH� UHDOL]DUH�D�6(/� vQ܈�FROL� �H[��7KH�$FDGHPLF��6RFLDO��DQG�(PRWLRQDO�/HDUQLQJ� $FW�� /HJHD� 1R� &KLOG� /HIW� %HKLQG�� (OHPHQWDU\� DQG� 6HFRQGDU\�Education Act��Education Sciences Reform Act ܈L�+LJKHU� (GXFDWLRQ�$FW���Every Student Succeeds Act��(66$��FD�SDUWH�D�QRLL�OHJL�IHGHUDOH�D�HGXFD܊LHL��)HGHUDO�(GXFDWLRQ�/DZ��VWDELOH܈WH�PRGXO�vQ�FDUH�6(/�HVWH�LQWHJUDW�vQ�FXU�ULFXOD��SUHFXP܈�L�LPSRUWDQ܊D�IRUPăULL�SHUVRQDOXOXL�GLGDFWLF�SHQWUX�D�SUHGD�vQ�FRQFRUGDQ܊ă�FX�SULQFLSLLOH�6(/܉��LQkQG�FRQW�GH�DFHVW� OXFUX�� OD�QLYHOXO�PDL�PXOWRU�VWDWH�VWDQGDUGHOH�6(/�DX�IRVW�LQWHJUDWH�vQ�FXUULFXOD�FRPXQă�D�FROH�JLLORU�OLFHHORU�YRFD܊LRQDOH�SUHFXP܈�L� vQ�VWDQGDUGHOH�GH�SUHJăWLUH�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH܈�L�PDQDJHULORU� �+DPHGLL� �L�'DUOLQJ�+DPPRQG���������7RW�HL܈ VXQW�FHL�FDUH�SURPRYHD]ă�PRGHOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL��SURJUDPH�VSHFL¿FH�YDOLGDWH�HPSLULF��FDUH�VXQW�DGDSWDWH܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDWH܈�L�vQ�DOWH܊�ăUL��GH�H[��vQ�&DQDGD��$XVWUDOLD��6LQJDSRUH��0DUHD�%ULWDQLH��0H[LF�HWF���GHYHQLQG�DVWIHO�R�LQVWLWX܊LH�GH�UHIHULQ܊ă�vQ�DFHVW�GRPHQLX�

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����(GXFDрLD�SHQWUX�MXVWLрLH�VRFLDOă�±�R�DOWHUQDWLYă�GH�LPSOHPHQ�WDUH�D�6(/�vQ�OLFHH

Page 190: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

3RUQLQG�GH�OD�SUHPLVD�Fă�vQ܈�FROLOH�DPHULFDQH�FXUULFXOD�GH�GH]YROWDUH�VRFLDOă��L�IDFH�SDUWH�GLQ�SROLWLFD܈�LHL܊LOH�LQVWLWX܊LRQDOă�HVWH�LQWHJUDWă�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊L�HPR܈HL��FHUFHWăWRULL�GH�OD�6WDQIRUG�DX�UHDOL]DW�R�DQDOL]ă�FRPSDUDWLYă�vQWUH�WUHL�OLFHH�FDUH�XWLOL]HD]ă�DERUGDUHD�HQJO��Äwhole child approach´܈�L�FRQVLGHUă�GH]YRO�WDUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�GUHSW�PLVLXQH�D� LQVWLWX܊LHL��(L�DX�GRULW�Vă� LQYHVWLJKH]H��D��FXP�VH� LPSOHPHQWHD]ă�6(/� vQ� OLFHH܈�L�FDUH�HVWH�UHOD܊LD�GLQWUH�6(/܈�L�HGXFD܊LD�SHQWX�MXVWL܊LH�VRFLDOă��E��FXP�UăVSXQG�OLFHHOH�QHYRLORU�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU܈�L�QHYRLORU�GLQ�FRPXQLWDWH܈�L�F��FXP�FRQWULEXLH�6(/�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�SHUVRQDOă�� DFDGHPLFă܈�L� VRFLDOă�D� WLQHULORU�� ÌQ� WLPS�FH�6(/�HVWH�SHUFHSXWă��vQ�JHQHUDO��FD�¿LQG�XQ�SURJUDP�FDUH�GH]YROWă�FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DXWR�FXQRD܈WHUH�D� WLQHULORU��GH�FRQVWUXLUH܈�L�PHQ܊LQHUH�D�XQRU�UHOD܊LL�VXSRU�WLYH܈�L�GH�SDUWLFLSDUH�FD�FHWă܊HQL�DFWLYL� vQ�FRPXQLWDWHD܈�FRODUă��('8&$܉,$��Ă�PHUJH�PDL�GHSDUWH��SULQ/$,&�62),܉,1758�-867)3 LPSOLFDUHD�HOHYLORU�vQ� DERUGDUHD� SUREOHPHORU� FRPXQLWDUH� �L܈ GH� HFKLWDWH� VRFLDOă� �+DPHGDQL� �L܈FRODE����������3URJUDPXO�XUPăUH܈WH�GH]YROWDUHD�JkQGLULL�FULWLFH��D�UHVSHFWX�OXL��UHVSRQVDELOLWă܊LL��UH]LOLHQ܊HL��FUH܈WHUHD�HFKLWă܊LL�VRFLDOH��LQGLIHUHQW�GH�UDVă��QLYHO�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF��JHQ��RULHQWDUH�VH[XDOă��DELOLWă܊L�܈�L�SURPRYDUHD�LPSOL�FăULL�VRFLDOH��8WLOL]kQG�PHWRGH�GH�DQDOL]ă�FDQWLWDWLYă܈�L�FDOLWDWLYă��GH�H[���DQD�OL]D�GH�GRFXPHQWH��FKHVWLRQDUH��REVHUYD܊LL�HWF���FRQFOX]LD�OD�FDUH�V�D�DMXQV�HVWH�Fă�DERUGDUHD�KROLVWLFă�D�DGROHVFHQWXOXL��FHQWUDUHD�SH�QHYRLOH�OXL܈�L�SH�SDUWLFXODULWă܊LOH� YkUVWHL�� SUHFXP� �L܈ SUHGDUHD� LQWHJUDWă�� H[SHULHQ܊LDOă�� DFWLYă�D�FRQ܊LQXWXULORU܈�FRODUH�IDFLOLWHD]ă�SHUIRUPDQ܊D�DFDGHPLFă܈�L�UHGXFH�DEDQ�GRQXO܈�FRODU��PăULQG܈�DQVHOH� WLQHULORU�GHIDYRUL]D܊L�GH�D�XUPD�SURJUDPH�GH�HGXFD܊LH�WHU܊LDUă��2�REVHUYD܊LH�GHPQă�GH�OXDW�vQ�FRQVLGHUDUH�HVWH�Fă�DFHOH���FROL�FDUH�DSOLFă�SULQFLSLLOH�6(/�vQ�PRG�FRQWLQXX��FRQVHFYHQW܈ OD� WRDWH�GLV�FLSOLQHOH܈�L� vQ� WRDWH�SURLHFWHOH� vQ�FDUH�VXQW� LPSOLFD܊L�HOHYL��DFRUGă�R�DWHQ܊LH�VSRULWă܈�L�GH]YROWăULL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�D�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�

([HPSOXO����7LWDQV¶�/HDUQLQJ�&HQWUH�HVWH�XQ�SURJUDP�DGUHVDW�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�FDUH� v܈L� SURSXQH� Vă� FUHDVFă� DQJDMDPHQWXO� DFHVWRUD� ID܊ă� GH� ��FRDOă܈ 6H�GHVIă܈RDUă�WLPS�GH����VăSWăPkQL��GH���RUL�SH�SDUFXUVXO�XQXL�DQ�DFDGHPLF��L܈ DUH� R� VWUXFWXUă� DVHPăQăWRDUH� SURJUDPHORU� DOWHUQDWLYH� WLS� �FRDOD܇ GXSă��FRDOă��VFRSXO�SULQFLSDO�¿LQG�GH�D�GH]YROWD�FDSLWDOXO�VRFLDO�DO�WLQHULORU��FDUH܇HVWH� FRQVLGHUDW� UHVSRQVDELO� SHQWUX� H[FOXGHUHD� VRFLDOă� �6DQGIRUG��$UPRXU��DQG�:DUPLQJWRQ��������5H�LQWHJUDUHD�HOHYLORU�vQ�FODVH��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�FUH܈WHUHD�JDPHL�GH�FRPSRUWDPHQWH�VRFLDOH�VXQW�GLUHF܊LLOH�SULQFL�SDOH�DOH�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�UHPHGLDOH�FDUH�VH�GHUXOHD]ă�vQ�FDGUXO�SURLHFWXOXL��7LWDQV�/HDUQLQJ�&HQWUH��������¿HFDUH�WHPă�DERUGDWă�FRQWULEXLQG�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�GL�PHQVLXQLORU�GH�ED]ă�DOH�6(/��0DLQ܈�L�:KDWPDQ��������

([HPSOXO� ��� 6WURQJ� .LGV� �&DUUL]DOHV�(QJHOPDQQ�� )HXHUERUQ�� *XHOGQHU��L܈ 7UDQ�� ������ HVWH� XQ� FXUULFXOXP� FDUH� GH]YROWă� DELOLWă܊LOH� VRFLDOH� �L܈HPR܊LRQDOH�SURPRYkQG� UH]LOLHQ܊D� �L܈ UHGXFkQG� LPSDFWXO� IDFWRULORU� GH� ULVF� OD�

Page 191: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

YkUVWD�SUH܈FRODUă܈�L܈�FRODUă�PLFă��YDULDQWD�Strong start�SkQă�OD�.�����OD�HOH�YLL� GH� JLPQD]LX� �YDULDQW�6WURQJ�.LGV��JUDGHV��±��� �L܈ DGROHVFHQ܊L� �YDULDQWD�Strong Teens���3URJUDPXO�FXSULQGH����OHF܊LL�FDUH�DERUGHD]ă�WHPH�SUHFXP��vQ܊HOHJHUHD� HPR܊LLORU�� PDQDJHPHQWXO� IXULHL�� JkQGLUHD� UD܊LRQDOă�� FRSLQJ� OD�VWUHVV��UH]ROYDUHD�GH�SUREOHPH��XQ�PRG�GH�YLD܊ă�SR]LWLY��(¿FLHQ܊D�SURJUDPX�OXL��GRYHGLWă�SULQ�VWXGLL��DUDWă�HIHFWHOH�SR]LWLYH�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL�DVXSUD�FRP�SRUWDPHQWHORU�SURVRFLDOH��DVXSUD�GLPLQXăULL�SUREOHPHORU�GH�LQWHUQDOL]DUH�OD�FRSLL��.UDPHU��&DOGDUHOOD��&KULVWHQVHQ܈�L�6KDW]HU��������0DUFKDQW܈�L�FRODE����������L�FRODE܈�&DOGDUHOOD��L�vQ�SDUWLFXODU�OD�FRSLLL�GLQ�JUXSXULOH�GH�ULVF܈������������������L�FRODE܈�0HUUHOO��LRQDOH܊L�HPR܈�LORU�VRFLDOH܊L�DVXSUD�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܈

([HPSOXO� ���3URJUDPXO��5V� �5HDGLQJ��:ULWLQJ��5HVSHFW� оL�5HVROXWLRQ��GHVWLQDW�SUH܈FRODULORU܈�L܈�FRODULORU��LQFOXVLY�GH�QLYHO�JLPQD]LX��LQWHJUHD-

]ă�FRPSHWHQ܊HOH�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�DOH� vQYă܊ăULL܈�L�DUWD� OLPEDMXOXL��¿LQG� FRQVLGHUDW� XQXO� GLQWUH� FHOH�PDL� H¿FLHQWH� SURJUDPH� GLQ� SXQFWXO�GH� YHGHUH� DO� UDSRUWXOXL� FRVWXUL�EHQH¿FLL� �.ODSS�� /HYLQ�� =DQGHU�� �������3URJUDPXO�HVWH�XQ�FXUULFXOXP�LQWHUDFWLY��ED]DW�SH�FăU܊L�VHPQL¿FDWLYH�GLQ� OL�WHUDWXUD�SHQWUX�FRSLL��DGDSWDW�SDUWLFXODULWă܊LORU�GH�YkUVWă܈�L�FDUH�LPSOLFă�HOHYLL���LL܊LL�SH�WHPH�XQLYHUVDOH�SUHFXP�UH]ROYDUHD�FRQÀLFWHORU��HPR܊L�FRSLLL�vQ�GLVFX܈UHOD܊LL�� FRPXQLWDWH��%HQH¿FLLOH�GHPRQVWUDWH�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL� VXQW� FUH܈WHUHD�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��FUH܈WHUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�SURVRFLDOH��L�RSWLPL]D܈�FRODU܈�HL�DFDGHPLFH��UHGXFHUHD�DEVHQWHLVPXOXL܊L�D�SHUIRUPDQ܈UHD�FOLPDWXOXL܈�FRODU��-RQHV��%URZQ܈�L�$EHU���������

'H�DVHPHQHD��SURJUDPH�DGUHVDWH�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�VXQW܈�L�3*&��3HHU�*URXS�Connection program)� FDUH� IDFLOLWHD]ă� WUDQ]L܊LD�GH� OD�JLPQD]LX� OD� OLFHX�SULQ�LQWHUDF܊LXQL�GH�WXWRULDW܈�L�PHQWRUDW�vQWUH�HOHYL��UHVSHFWLY�SURJUDPXO�723��7HHQ�2XWUHDFK� 3URJUDP�� FDUH� SUHYLQH� UH]XOWDWHOH� �FRODUH܈ QHJDWLYH�� VDUFLQLOH� vQ�UkQGXO�PLQRUHORU��DEDQGRQXO܈�FRODU܈�L�XQ� WUDVHX�GH�YLD܊ă�PDUFDW�GH�HYHQL�PHQWH�QHJDWLYH�

Spania

a. Context general

)LLQG�XQD�GLQWUH�VWDWHOH�ERJDWH�DOH�(XURSHL܈�L�D�FLQFHD܊�DUă�FD�QLYHO�DO�VWăULL�GH�ELQH�D�PLQRULORU��%HUURFDO���������6SDQLD�D�GHSXV�PXOWH�HIRUWXUL�SHQWUX�D�SUR�PRYD�HGXFD܊LD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�vQ܈�FROL��6LWXkQGX�VH�SULQWUH�XOWLPHOH܊�ăUL�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�HGXFD܊LD�vQ�FODVL¿FDUHD�8QLFHI��GDWRULWă�UH]XOWDWHORU�GH�OD�HYDOXăULOH�3,6$�GLQ��������FRQIUXQWkQGX�VH�FX�R�UDWă�FUHVFXWă�D�VDUFLQLORU�vQ�UkQGXO�PLQRUHORU��FX�XQ�SURFHQW�WRW�PDL�PDUH�DO�FRQVXPDWRULORU�GH�DOFRRO܈�L�GURJXUL��VLVWHPXO�GH�HGXFD܊LH�D�vQFHSXW�Vă�VH�RULHQWH]H�VSUH�PRGHOHOH�DSOL�FDWH�vQ�0DUHD�%ULWDQLH��SURJUDPXO�6($/�܈�L�vQ�6WDWHOH�8QLWH��&$6(/���SUR�

Page 192: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

PRYkQG�SVLKRORJLD�XPDQLVWă܈�L�SR]LWLYă��&X�WRDWH�DFHVWHD�vQVă��FHO�PDL�PDUH�LPSDFW� vQ� VRFLHWDWHD�VSDQLROă� O�D�DYXW� WHUPHQXO� GH� LQWHOLJHQ܊ă�HPR܊LRQDOă��FRQVLGHUDW� HVHQ܊LDO� SHQWUX� GH]YROWDUH� DELOLWă܊LORU� VRFLDOH� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDOH�� &H�VXUSULQGH� OD�QLYHO� GH�SROLWLFL� vQ�HGXFD܊LH�HVWH� vQVă� YL]LXQHD�DXWRULWă܊LORU� FX�SULYLUH�OD�QHYRLD�IRUPăULL�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH�FDUH�DX�OD�GLVSR]L܊LH�GHSDUWDPHQ�WHOH�GH܇�WLLQ܊HOH�(GXFD܊LHL�GLQ�FDGUXO�XQLYHUVLWă܊LORU��UHVSRQVDELOH�GH�IRUPDUHD�FDGUHORU�XQLYHUVLWDUH܈�L�D�FHORU�GLQ�SUHXQLYHUVLWDU��SULQ�FRODERUăUL�SHUPDQHQWH�vQ�GRPHQLXO�FHUFHWăULL�܈�L�&HQWUHOH�SHQWUX�SURIHVRUL��HQJO��Teachers Centres��FDUH�VXQW�SDWURQDWH�GH�DXWRULWă܊L� FRPSHWHQWH� vQ�GRPHQLXO�HGXFD܊LHL�� DFHV�WHD�VXQW�FHQWUH�GH�UHVXUVH��UHVSRQVDELOH�GH�LQRYDUHD�PHWRGHORU�GH�SUHGDUH�vQ� ��FROL܈ IXQF܊LRQkQG�� WRWRGDWă�� �L܈ FD� IXUQL]RUL� GH� IRUPDUH�FRQWLQXă�� ÌQ�SUH�]HQW��WRDWH�FHQWUHOH�RIHUă�FXUVXUL�GH�IRUPDUH�vQ�GRPHQLXO�DVSHFWHORU�VRFLD�OH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�DOH�vQYă܊ăULL� �HGXFD܊LH�HPR܊LRQDOă���FX�IRFXV�VSRULW�DVXSUD�LQWHOLJHQ܊HL�HPR܊LRQDOH��'H�UHPDUFDW�HVWH�IDSWXO�Fă��XUPkQG�PRGHOXO�EULWDQLF��HL�RIHUă�DQXDO�SUHPLL�SHQWUX�ÄH[SHUL܊WLLQ܇�L܈�LHL܊L�DPHULFDQ��0LQLVWHUXO�(GXFD܈PHQWHOH´�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�LQRYDWLYH��FDUH�SURGXF�HIHFWH�OD�QLYHOXO�FRPSHWHQ܊HORU�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�DOH�FRSLLORU��FRQVLGHUkQGX�VH�Fă�UH]LOLHQ܊D�HVWH�XQ�IDF�WRU� SURWHFWLY� SHQWUX� SUREOHPHOH� FDUH� DSDU� OD� QLYHO� HPR܊LRQDO� VDX� VRFLDO� �L܈FDUH�VH�GH]YROWă�GDFă�WkQăUXO�FRSLOXO�DFKL]L܊LRQHD]ă�FHOH�GRXă�FRPSHWHQ܊H��)HUQDQGH]�%HUURFDO܈�L�([WUHPHUD��������

E��([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL([HPSOXO����)XQGD܊LD�0DUFHOLQR�%RWLQ��UHJLXQHD�&DQWDEULD��HVWH�XQ�DJHQW�LPSRUWDQW�SHQWUX�HGXFD܊LD܈�L�FRPXQLWDWHD�GLQ�DFHDVWă�UHJLXQH��SUHRFXSDUHD�HL�FHQWUDOă�¿LQG�GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD��FHUFHWD���FUHD��LPSOHPHQWD܈�L�HYDOXD�UHVXU�VH� �L܈ WHKQLFL� GH� SUHGDUH� FDUH� L�DU� SXWHD� DMXWD� SH� FRSLL� �L܈ WLQHUL� Vă� GHYLQă�PDL� PRWLYD܊L�� UHVSRQVDELOL� �L܈ FRPSHWHQ܊L� �DFDGHPLF�� VRFLDO� �L܈ HPR܊LRQDO���ÌQ�YL]LXQHD�ORU��DFHVW�OXFUX�VH�SRDWH�UHDOL]D�SULQ�LPSOLFDUHD܈�FROLL��D�IDPLOLHL��L܈ FRPXQLWă܊LL� vQ�FHHD�FH�HL�QXPHVF�(GXFDрLH�5HVSRQVDELOă��$FHVW�SURLHFW�XUPăUH܈WH�GH]YROWDUHD�VWLPHL�GH�VLQH��D�HPSDWLHL��H[SUHVLYLWă܊LL�HPR܊LRQDOH��DXWR�FRQWUROXOXL��D�YDORULORU�SURVRFLDOH��D�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�OXDUH�D�GHFL]LLORU��DXWR�D¿UPDUH��DVHUWLYLWDWH��DXWR�FRQWURO� OD�FRSLLL�FX�YkUVWH�FXSULQVH�vQWUH܈���L����DQL��3URLHFWXO�EHQH¿FLD]ă�GH�VSULMLQXO�8QLYHUVLWă܊LL�GLQ�&DQWDEULD��DO�)XQGD܊LHL�%RWLQ�� DO� FRPXQLWă܊LL� �L܈ DO� LQVSHFWRUDWXOXL� ORFDO�� RIHULQG� LQVWLWX܊LLORU� ��FROLORU܈�LQWHUHVDWH�DWkW�UHVXUVH�PDWHULDOH��PDWHULDOH�GLGDFWLFH���FkW܈�L�WUDLQLQJ�SHQWUX�SURIHVRUL�� VSULMLQ� vQ�SODQL¿FDUHD܈�L�HYDOXDUHD�SURJUDPXOXL��3HQWUX� WLQHULL� GH���±���DQL��DFFHQWXO�VH�SXQH�SH�LQWHUDF܊LXQHD�FX�FRPXQLWDWHD܈�L�FRPXQLFD�UHD�vQ�OLPED�HQJOH]ă��7RDWH�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�GHVIă܈XUDWH�VXQW�DGDSWDWH�OD�QHYRLOH��LHL��FXUVXULOH�SHQWUX�SHUVRQDOXO�GLGDFWLF�¿LQG�GH�WLS�IRUPDUH܊HOH�LQVWLWX܊L�FHULQ܈LQL܊LDOă�VDX�FRQWLQXă��DYkQG�FD�VFRS�DWkW�GH]YROWDUHD�SURIHVLRQDOă� �WHKQLFL�HIHFWLYH�GH� OXFUX�FX�FRSLLL��� FkW� �L܈ FHD�SHUVRQDOă��3ăULQ܊LL� VXQW� �L�HL܈ LQFOX܈L�vQ�SURJUDP�SULQ�LQIRUPDUHD�FX�SULYLUH�OD�DVSHFWH�FH܊�LQ�GH�LPSRUWDQ܊D�UHJX�OLORU��UHOD܊LLOH�DIHFWLYH��FRPXQLFDUHD�H¿FLHQWă��WLPSXO�OLEHU܈�L�FHO�GH�UHOD[DUH��

Page 193: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

5HPDUFăP��GH�DVHPHQHD��IDSWXO�Fă�SURJUDPHOH�GH]YROWDWH܈�L� LPSOHPHQWD�WH�GH�FăWUH� IXQGD܊LH� LQFOXG�PDMRULWDWHD�FDWHJRULLORU�GH�PLMORDFH�DXGLR�YL]X�DOH�FDUH� IDFLOLWHD]ă� vQYă܊DUHD��H[LVWă�R�SUHRFXSDUH� UHDOă�SHQWUX� LPSOLFDUHD�vQ� FRPXQLWDWH� �H[�� VHULOH�GH�¿OP�܈�L� SHQWUX�HYDOXDUHD�FRQWLQXă�D�H¿FLHQ܊HL�SURJUDPHORU�� 2� DWHQ܊LH� GHRVHELWă� D� IRVW� DFRUGDWă� UROXOXL� DUWHL�� PX]LFLL� �L܈FUHDWLYLWă܊LL�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă��UDSRUWXO�LQWHUQD܊LRQDO�Ä$UWV�DQG�(PRWLRQV´� �������¿LQG�XQXO�H[WUHP�GH�DSUHFLDW܈�L�GH�XWLO� �GH]YROWDUHD�VRFLDOă܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOă�SULQ�DUWă�¿LQG�R�DERUGDUH�DGRSWDWă�GH�PDL�PXOWH܈�FROL��GLQ�YDULD܊�ăUL��GXSă�FXP�UHLHVH܈�L�GLQ�H[HPSOHOH�RIHULWH�vQ�DFHVW�GRFXPHQW��

([HPSOXO����Ä8Q�SURJUDP�SHQWUX�vQYăрDUH�VRFLDOă�оL�HPRрLRQDOă´��UHJLXQHD�*XLSX]FRD��HVWH�R� LQL܊LDWLYă�D�JXYHUQXOXL� UHJLRQDO�� FX�VFRSXO�GH�D�GH]YRO�WD� R� ÄVRFLHWDWH� LQWHOLJHQWă� HPR܊LRQDO´�� 3URJUDPXO� GH� DGUHVHD]ă� FHQWUHORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��IDPLOLLORU��RUJDQL]D܊LLORU�FRPXQLWDUH܈��FROLORU܈�L�LQFOXGH�IRUPDUHD�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��SUH]HQWDUHD�FRQFHSWXOXL�GH�,(��GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�SHU�VRQDOH܈�L�SURIHVLRQDOH�vQ�GRPHQLXO�,(��SUH]HQWDUHD�PHWRGRORJLHL܈�L�VSHFL¿FX�OXL�SURJUDPXOXL���3HQWUX�IDPLOLL��SURJUDPXO�XUPăUH܈WH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH� FRQ܈WLHQWL]DUH� HPR܊LRQDOă�� PDQDJHPHQWXO� HPR܊LLORU�� LQGHSHQGHQ܊D�HPR܊LRQDOă��DELOLWă܊L�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH��DELOLWă܊L�GH�YLD܊ă܈�L�VWDUH�GH�ELQH��2�YDULDQWă�GH� WUDLQLQJ� vQ�GRPHQLXO� ,(�HVWH� OLYUDWă܈�L�FRPSDQLLORU�GLQ�]RQă��SUHFXP܈�L�DGXO܊LORU�FDUH�OXFUHD]ă�vQ�GRPHQLXO�VHUYLFLLORU�VRFLDOH��

([HPSOXO� ���*UXSXO� GH� FHUFHWDUH� SVLKRSHGDJRJLFă� GLQ�&DWDOXQD� �*523� HVWH�XQ�JUXS�GH�FHUFHWDUH�PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUă�DÀDW�VXE�FRQGXFHUHD�SURI��5DIDHO�%LVTXHUUD�FDUH�VH�RFXSă�FX�FHUFHWDUHD�vQ�GRPHQLXO�HGXFD܊LHL�HPR܊LRQDOH܈�L�D�IRUPăULL�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��$FHVW�GLQ�XUPă�DVSHFW�SUHVXSXQH�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�XQXL�PRGHO�GH�IRUPDUH�FRQVXOWDWLYă�D�SURIHVRULORU�GLQ܈�FROL��FHQWUH�GH�HGXFD܊LH�HWF�� FDUH�XUPăUH܈WH�FUH܈WHUHD�H[SHUWL]HL� vQ�GRPHQLXO�HGXFD܊LHL�HPR܊LRQDOH�SULQ� UHDOL]DUHD� XQRU� WUDLQLQJXUL� GHVSUH� DFHVW� WLS� GH� HGXFD܊LH� �H[HPSOH� GH�FRQ܊LQXUL�SUHGDWH��FRQFHSWXO�GH�HPR܊LH��HGXFD܊LD�HPR܊LRQDOă�OD�QLYHO�SULPDU��LUH�OD܊L�VHFXQGDU���ÌQ�XUPD�HYDOXăULL�SURJUDPXOXL��V�D�FRQVWDWDW�R�vPEXQăWă܈SURIHVRUL�D�QLYHOXOXL�GH�SHUFHS܊LH�D�HPR܊LLORU��PDQDJHPHQW�HPR܊LRQDO�� UăV�SXQVXUL�DVHUWLYH��VWUDWHJLL�H¿FLHQWH�GH�DXWR�FRQWURO�

([HPSOXO� ��� 3URJUDPXO� ,17(02� VH� ED]HD]ă� SH�PRGHOXO� ,(� DO� OXL�0D\HU��L܈�\L�6DORYH܈ HVWH� LPSOHPHQWDW� vQ� �FROLOH܈ VHFXQGDUH�GLQ� UHJLXQHD�0DODJD��6FRSXO�SULQFLSDO�DO�SURLHFWXOXL�HVWH�GH�D�L�HFKLSD�SH�FRSLLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LL�GH�

Page 194: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

��±���DQL�FX�DELOLWă܊L�HPR܊LRQDOH��SHUFHS܊LD�HPR܊LLORU��XWLOL]DUHD܈�L�vQ܊HOHJHUHD�HPR܊LLORU��PDQDJHPHQWXO� HPR܊LRQDO�� FDUH� Vă� vL� DMXWH� Vă� SUHYLQă� FRQVXPXO�GH�VXEVWDQ܊H�DGLFWLYH��3URJUDPXO�SUHVXSXQH�IRUPDUHD�SVLKRORJLORU�GLQ�оFROL��FDUH��OD�UkQGXO�ORU��YRU�LPSOHPHQWD�SURJUDPXO�vQ�FODVH��3URJUDPXO�V�D�GRYH�GLW�H¿FLHQW�vQ�UHGXFHUHD�DJUHVLYLWă܊LL��FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�DJUHVLYH��GLVWUHVXOXL�SHUVRQDO� �L܈ FUH܈WHUHD� HPSDWLHL� vQ� VSHFLDO� OD� DGROHVFHQ܊LL� GH� VH[�PDVFXOLQ��&DVWLOOR��6DOJXHUR��)HUQDQGH]�%HUURFDO܈�L�%DOOXHUND��������

Page 195: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

$QH[D��&KHVWLRQDU�GH�LGHQWL¿FDUH�D�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL��L�D�QHYRLORU�GH�IRUPDUH�SULYLQG�GH]YROWDUHD܈DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�9ă�UXJăP�Vă�UăVSXQGH܊L�XUPăWRDUHORU� vQWUHEăUL��FRPSOHWkQG�FX� LQIRUPD܊LLOH�VROLFLWDWH�VDX�ELIkQG�YDULDQWD�YDULDQWHOH�GH�UăVSXQV�SRWULYLWH�SHQWUX�GYV�

6HF܊LXQHD�,

'DWH�VRFLR�GHPRJUD¿FH܈�L�SURIHVLRQDOH

/RFDOLWDWHD�vQ�FDUH�Yă�GHVIă܈XUD܊L�DFWLYLWDWHD��������������������������������������������

-XGH܊XO�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

9kUVWD�GYV������������������������������DQL

*HQXO

ჱ 0DVFXOLQ

ჱ )HPLQLQ

6SHFLDOL]DUHD�FRQIRUP�GLSORPHL�GH�OLFHQ܊ă ჱ 3VLKRORJLH

ჱ 3HGDJRJLH

ჱ 3VLKRSHGDJRJLH�VSHFLDOă

ჱ $VLVWHQ܊ă�VRFLDOă

ჱ 6RFLRORJLH

ჱ $OWD«««�

Page 196: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

([SHULHQ܊D�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�GH�FRQVLOLHU܈�FRODU ჱ �±��DQL

ჱ �±���DQL�

ჱ ��±���DQL�

ჱ ��±���DQL�

ჱ 3HVWH����GH�DQL

&LFOXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�DO�FRSLLORU�FX�FDUH�D܊L�OXFUDW�vQ�XOWLPLL���DQL� ჱ 3UH܈FRODU

ჱ ùFRODU��SULPDU܈�L�JLPQD]LDO�

ჱ /LFHDO

6HF܊LXQHD�,,

%XQH� SUDFWLFL� LPSOHPHQWDWH� vQ� LQYă܊ăPkQWXO� SUH�XQLYHUVLWDU� vQ� GRPHQLXO�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L�

���0DL� MRV� VXQW�HQXPHUDWH�R� VHULH�GH�DELOLWă܊L� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��6HOHFWD܊L� ��GLQWUH�DFHVWHD�SH�FDUH�OH�FRQVLGHUD܊L�IXQGDPHQWDOH�vQ�DGDSWDUHD�FRSLLORU܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�OD�YLD܊D�GH�]L�FX�]L�

ჱ 3HUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH

ჱ 0RWLYD܊LD

ჱ $XWRFRQWUROXO

ჱ 3HUVHYHUHQ܊D

ჱ ÌQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă

ჱ &UHDWLYLWDWHD

ჱ $QWUHSUHQRULDWXO

ჱ &RPSHWHQ܊H�HPR܊LRQDOH

ჱ $ELOLWă܊L�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH

ჱ 5H]LOLHQ܊D

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH

Page 197: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

���ÌQ�XOWLPLL�DQL�D܊L�XWLOL]DW�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH" ჱ Da

ჱ Nu

ჱ 'DFă�DX�IRVW�PDL�PXOWH��Yă�UXJăP�VSHFL¿FD܊L�QXPăUXO�ORU�����������������

���3HQWUX� SURJUDPXO� SH� FDUH� O�D܊L� XWLOL]DW� FHO�PDL� IUHFYHQW�� Yă� UXJăP�Vă�VSHFL¿FD܊L�XUPăWRDUHOH�

1XPHOH�SURJUDPXOXL���������������������������������������������������������������������������������

2ELHFWLYXO�VFRSXO�SURJUDPXOXL������������������������������������������������������������������

$�IRVW�JkQGLW�HODERUDW�GH�GYV�"

ჱ Da

ჱ Nu

$�IRVW�SURSXV��GH�FăWUH�FRQGXFHUHD�LQVWLWX܊LHL�VDX�GH�FăWUH�,QVSHFWRUDWXO�-XGH܊HDQ�&-5$(�"

ჱ Da

ჱ Nu

��L�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�XQ�FXUV�GH�IRUPDUH�FX�SULYLUH�OD�VSHFL¿FXO�SURJUDPXOXL܊$IXQGDPHQWDUHD�OXL��PRGXO�GH�DSOLFDUH

ჱ Da

ჱ Nu

9L�V�D�IăFXW�R�SUH]HQWDUH�JHQHUDOă�D�SURJUDPXOXL�VăX�D܊L�SULPLW�GRDU�XQ�PDQXDO�GH�XWLOL]DUH

ჱ Da

ჱ Nu

Page 198: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

"L�SULPLW�XQ�PDQXDO�GH�XWLOL]DUH�D�SURJUDPXOXL܊$

ჱ Da

ჱ Nu

0HQ܊LRQD܊L�FDUH�DX�IRVW�WHPHOH�SULQFLSDOH�DERUGDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�SURJUDPX�OXL�UHVSHFWLY

7HPD������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

7HPD������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

7HPD������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

&DUH� D� IRVW� GXUDWD�PHGLH� GH� LPSOHPHQWDUH� D� SURJUDPXOXL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�UHVSHFWLYH"�������������������������������VăSWăPkQL

0HQ܊LRQD܊L�SULQFLSDOHOH� UH]XOWDWH�RE܊LQXWH�GH�FRSLL�DGROHVFHQ܊L� vQ�XUPD�DSOLFăULL� SURJUDPXOXL� �H[�� OD� QLYHOXO� DWLWXGLQLORU�� UHDF܊LLORU� HPR܊LRQDOH��FRPSRUWDPHQWHORU�DFHVWRUD��vPEXQăWă܊LUHD�SHUIRUPDQ܊HL܈�FRODUH�HWF���

5H]XOWDWXO�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

5H]XOWDWXO�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

5H]XOWDWXO�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

&DUH�FUHGH܊L�Fă�VXQW�SULQFLSDOHOH� WHPH�SH�FDUH�DU� WUHEXL�Vă� OH�FRQ܊LQă�REOLJDWRULX�XQ�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH"

7HPD������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

Page 199: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

7HPD������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

7HPD������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

0HQ܊LRQD܊L�SULQFLSDOHOH�REVWDFROHOH�FX�FDUH�Y�D܊L�FRQIUXQWDW�vQ�LPSOHPHQ�WDUHD�SURJUDPXOXL�SURJUDPHORU�DSOLFDWH

2EVWDFROXO����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

2EVWDFROXO����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

2EVWDFROXO����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

9ă�UXJăP�Vă�VSHFL¿FD܊L�FH�DOWH�DFWLYLWă܊L� �DOWHOH�GHFkW�SURJUDPH�VWUXF�WXUDWH�� D܊L� UHDOL]DW� FX� FRSLLL�HOHYLL� SHQWUX� D� OH� GH]YROWD� DELOLWă܊LOH� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH"

$FWLYLWDWHD�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

$FWLYLWDWHD�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

$FWLYLWDWHD�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

'DFă�vQ�DFWLYLWDWHD�GYV��D܊L� OXFUDW�FX�FRSLL��DGROHVFHQ܊L�GLQ�JUXSXUL�YXO�QHUDELOH��GLQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�DO�HWQLHL��VWDWXWXOXL�VRFLR�HFRQRPLF��PH�GLXOXL�GH�UH܈HGLQ܊ă���Yă�UXJăP�Vă�GHVFULH܊L�VSHFL¿FXO�DFWLYLWDWLL��DERUGD�UHD�XWLOL]DWă

���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

Page 200: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

6HF܊LXQHD�,,,1HYRLOH�GH�IRUPDUH܈�L�GH]YROWDUH�SURIHVLRQDOă�FRQWLQXă�D�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL

&DUH�GLQWUH�XUPăWRDUHOH�DVSHFWH�FRQVLGHUD܊L�Fă�VXQW�LPSRUWDQWH�vQ�LP�SOHPHQWDUHD�XQXL�SURJUDP�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�SHQ�WUX�D�VSRUL�H¿FLHQ܊D�OXL"��SXWHрL�ELID�PDL�PXOWH�YDULDQWH�

ჱ 6SULMLQXO�SăULQ܊LORU

ჱ 6SULMLQXO�FHORUODOWH�FDGUH�GLGDFWLFH

ჱ 6SULMLQXO�XQXL�H[SHUW�vQ�DVWIHO�GH�SURJUDPH

ჱ %D]D�PDWHULDOă�DGHFYDWă�GHUXOăULL�SURJUDPXOXL

ჱ ,QIRUPD܊LL�FX�SULYLUH�OD�IXQGDPHQWDUHD�WHRUHWLFă�D�GRYHGLWă�D�SURJUDPXOXL܊L�H¿FLHQ܈

ჱ $OWHOH�««««����������������������������������������������������������������������������������

&DUH�HVWH�QLYHOXO�OD�FDUH�Y�D܊L�DXWRHYDOXD�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRPSHWHQ܊D�GYV� GH� D� FRQFHSH� SURJUDPH� GH� GH]YROWDUH� D� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWL�YH�OD�HOHYL"

ჱ )RDUWH�UHGXV��QHYRLH�VXEVWDQ܊LDOă�GH�IRUPDUH��vQFHSkQG�GH�OD�IRUPDUHD�GH�ED]ă�

ჱ 5HGXV��QHYRLH�FRQVLVWHQWă�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

ჱ 0HGLH��QHYRLH�PHGLH�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

ჱ 5LGLFDW��QHYRLH�PLQLPDOă�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

ჱ )RDUWH�ULGLFDW��QX�H�QHYRLH�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

&DUH�HVWH�QLYHOXO�OD�FDUH�Y�D܊L�DXWRHYDOXD�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRPSHWHQ܊D�GYV�GH�D�XWLOL]D�PHWRGH�GLGDFWLFH�GLYHUVH�vQ�DFWLYLWă܊LOH�FX�HOHYLL"

ჱ )RDUWH�UHGXV��QHYRLH�VXEVWDQ܊LDOă�GH�IRUPDUH��vQFHSkQG�GH�OD�IRUPDUHD�GH�ED]ă�

ჱ 5HGXV��QHYRLH�FRQVLVWHQWă�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

ჱ 0HGLH��QHYRLH�PHGLH�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă��

ჱ 5LGLFDW��QHYRLH�PLQLPDOă�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

Page 201: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

ჱ )RDUWH�ULGLFDW��QX�H�QHYRLH�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

&DUH�HVWH�QLYHOXO�OD�FDUH�Y�D܊L�DXWRHYDOXD�vQ�FHHD�FH�SULYH܈WH�FRPSHWHQ܊D�GYV�GH�D�UHDOL]D�XQ�PDQDJHPHQW�DO�FODVHL�H¿FLHQW"

ჱ )RDUWH�UHGXV��QHYRLH�VXEVWDQ܊LDOă�GH�IRUPDUH��vQFHSkQG�GH�OD�IRUPDUHD�GH�ED]ă�

ჱ 5HGXV��QHYRLH�FRQVLVWHQWă�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

ჱ 0HGLH��QHYRLH�PHGLH�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

ჱ 5LGLFDW��QHYRLH�PLQLPDOă�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

ჱ )RDUWH�ULGLFDW��QX�H�QHYRLH�GH�IRUPDUH�VXSOLPHQWDUă�

$OWH�LQIRUPD܊LL�SH�FDUH�OH�FRQVLGHUD܊L�UHOHYDQWH�SHQWUX�IRPDUHD�GXPQHD�YRDVWUă�SURIHVLRQDOă

���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

Page 202: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

$QH[D��Ghid focus-grup

1. Tipul programului ��LQGLYLGXDO�GH�JUXS2. dimensiunile vizate ��FRPSHWHQʕHOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��SUH]HQWDUH�

JHQHUDOă�FHQWUDUHD�SH�FHOH�YL]DWH�GH�QRL�3. Adresabilitatea ��SXEOLFXO�ʕLQWă���2ELHFWLYHOH�VSHFLÀFH�DOH�SURJUDPXOXL���3DʔLL�XUPDʖL�vQ�SURJUDP���0DWHULDOHOH�XWLOL]DWH�vQ�SURJUDP���5H]XOWDWHOH�REʖLQXWH�vQ�SURJUDP���)DFWRULL�FDUH�LQÁXHQʖHD]Ą�LPSOHPHQWDUHD ��Ä&H�SUREOHPH�SURYRFăUL�VSHFL¿FH�DʕL�

întâmpinat?”��ÄÌQ�FH�PăVXUD�V�DX�LPSOLFDW��´��VH�YL]HD]ă�SDWUX�GLPHQVLXQL�����FRPSHWHQʕHOH�FRQVLOLHUXOXL����FRPXQLWDWHD��VXSRUWXO�LQVWLWXʕLRQDO�����FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH�FRSLOXOXL�FRSLLORU�VDX�DGROHVFHQWXOXL�DGROHVFHQʕLORU����FRQWH[WXO�IDPLOLDO��SăULQWH�WXWRUH��

���3DUWLFXODULWĄʖL��FRSLL�DGROHVFHQʖL�YXOQHUDELOL��GLIHUHQʖH�GH�JHQ�

([LVWă�R�DERUGDUH�GLIHULWă�SHQWUX�FRSLLL�DGROHVFHQʕLL�YXOQHUDELOL"&H�WLSXUL�GH�FRSLL�DGROHVFHQʕL�YXOQHUDELOL�DX�IRVW�vQWkOQLʕL"Ä+DLGHʕL�Vă�QH�JkQGLP�SXʕLQ�OD�JUXSXULOH�YXOQHUDELOH«´6H�XUPăUHVF��HWDSHOH�����GLQ�JULOă�ʓL�VH�GLVFXWă�DWkW�FD]XULOH�LQGLYLGXDOH�GLQ�FDELQHW��FkW�ʓL�FHOH�OD�QLYHO�GH�FODVă��PRGL¿FăULOH�SH�FDUH�OH�DU�IDFH�ʓL�SH�FH�HWDSă�GLQ�JULOă

* YRU�¿�XUPăULWH�QHYRLOH�FRQVLOLHULORU�SH�SDUFXUVXO�HWDSHORU�����GLQ�JKLG�

Page 203: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

$QH[D��&KHVWLRQDU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�YLD܊ă�vQ܈�FRDOă'UDJL�DGROHVFHQрL�

9ă�LQYLWăP�Vă�SDUWLFLSDрL�OD�XQ�VWXGLX�FDUH�vоL�SURSXQH�Vă�DQDOL]H]H�SHUVSHF-WLYD�HOHYLORU� FX�SULYLUH� OD� GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWăрLORU� GH� YLDрă� �QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�� vQ�оFROLOH�GLQ�5RPkQLD��5ăVSXQVXULOH�YRDVWUH�VXQW�H[WUHP�GH�LPSRUWDQWH�SHQ-WUX�QRL��GHRDUHFH�QH�DMXWă�Vă�vQрHOHJHP�SHUVSHFWLYD�YRDVWUă�DVXSUD�DFHVWRU�DELOLWăрL�оL�FXP�OH�SXWHP�GH]YROWD�H¿FLHQW��DVWIHO�vQFkW�YRL�Vă�¿рL�ELQH�HFKLSDрL�SHQWUX�SURYRFăULOH�PHGLXOXL�HGXFDрLRQDO�оL�DO�FHOXL�SURIHVLRQDO�

3DUWLFLSDUHD�OD�DFHVWXL�VWXGLX�HVWH�YROXQWDUă��5ăVSXQVXULOH�RIHULWH�GH�YRL�VXQW�DQRQLPH�оL�FRQ¿GHQрLDOH��LDU�GDWHOH�REрLQXWH�YRU�¿�DQDOL]DWH�OD�QLYHO�GH�JUXS�оL�XWLOL]DWH�vQ�FDGUXO�XQXL�VWXGLX�SULYLQG�EXQHOH�SUDFWLFL�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWăрLORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�DGROHVFHQрL��UHDOL]DW�GH�FăWUH�8QLYHUVLWDWHD�%DEHо�%RO\DL�оL�81,&()�vQ�5RPkQLD�

&RPSOHWDUHD�FKHVWLRQDUXOXL�GXUHD]���PLQXWH�

9ă�PXOрXPLP�

&H�VXQW�DELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�6XQW�DFHOH�DELOLWă܊L�FH�SRW�¿�vQYă܊DWH܈�L�DX�XQ�URO�vQ�D�L�DMXWD�SH�DGROHVFHQ܊L�Vă܈�L�FRQVWUXLDVFă�R�YLD܊ă�SR]LWLYă��([HPSOH�GH�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��RSWL�PLVPXO��PRWLYD܊LD��DXWRFRQWUROXO��SHUVHYHUHQ܊D��LQWHJULWDWHD��FXULR]LWDWHD�HWF�

7H� UXJăP�Vă� UăVSXQ]L� OD�XUPăWRDUHOH� vQWUHEăUL�� FRPSOHWkQG�FX� LQIRUPD܊LLOH�VROLFLWDWH�VDX�vQFHUFXLQG�YDULDQWD�YDULDQWHOH�GH�UăVSXQV�SRWULYLWH�SHQWUX�WLQH�

���0DL�MRV�VXQW�HQXPHUDWH�R�VHULH�GH�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��6HOHFWHD]ă�SD�WUX�GLQWUH�DFHVWHD�SH�FDUH�WX�OH�FRQVLGHUL�IXQGDPHQWDOH�SHQWUX�DGDSWDUHD�WD�OD�YLD܊D�GH�]L�FX�]L�

ჱ 3HUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH��SHUFHS܊LD�GHVSUH�SURSULLOH�FDOLWă܊L�SHUVRQDOH��

ჱ 0RWLYD܊LD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�VWDELOL܈�L�XUPăUL�VFRSXULOH�SURSXVH��

ჱ $XWRFRQWUROXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�UH]LVWD�WHQWD܊LLORU�LPHGLDWH��,PSOLFă�VWăSkQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��HPR܊LLORU��JkQGXULORU��

ჱ 3HUVHYHUHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�GH�D�¿QDOL]D�OD�WLPS܈�L�FX�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH�RULFH�VDUFLQă��FkW�SRDWH�HD�GH�ELQH��vQ�FLXGD�

Page 204: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

WHQWD܊LLORU��REVWDFROHORU�VDX�QLYHOXOXL�GH�GL¿FXOWDWH�D�VDUFLQLL��

ჱ ÌQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��SUHVXSXQH�FD�R�SHUVRDQă�Vă�¿H�FDSDELOă�Vă�v܈L�VWDELOHDVFă�RELHFWLYH�GH�vQYă܊DUH܈�L�Vă�v܈L�HYDOXH]H�SURSULD�vQYă܊DUH��

ჱ &UHDWLYLWDWHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURGXFH�LGHL�VDX�SURGXVH�QRL��

ჱ $QWUHSUHQRULDOXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�SXQH�LGHLOH�vQ�SUDFWLFă��GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�RSRUWXQLWă܊LOH�FDUH�DSDU��

ჱ &RPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH��H[SULPDUHD�HPR܊LLORU��vQ܊HOHJHUHD�HPR܊LLORU�SURSULL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPR܊LLORU��

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FRRSHUDUH��vPSăUWă܈LUH��DMXWRU��FRPXQLFDUH��HPSDWLH��vQFXUDMăUL��FRPSRUWDPHQW�SULHWHQRV��

ჱ 5H]LOLHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DGDSWDUH�SR]LWLYă��vQ�FLXGD�VLWXD܊LLORU�GH�ULVF�FX�FDUH�FLQHYD�VH�FRQIUXQWă�±�VăUăFLH��DEX]��SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH��SUREOHPH�vQ�IDPLOLH�HWF���

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH��FRPSHWHQ܊D�GRULQ܊D�GH�D�UHDOL]D�FDPSDQLL�VRFLDOH��GH�D�VH�LPSOLFD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWH��GH�D�SDUWLFLSD�vQ�RUJDQL]D܊LL܈�L�DVRFLD܊LL�DOH�HOHYLORU��

���ÌQ�XOWLPLL�DQL��DL�SDUWLFLSDW�OD�SURJUDPH�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJ�QLWLYH�vQ�FDGUXO܈�FROLL"

ჱ Da

ჱ Nu

ჱ 'DFă�DX�IRVW�PDL�PXOWH��WH�UXJăP�Vă�VSHFL¿FL�QXPăUXO�ORU���������������������������������������������

���3HQWUX�SURJUDPXO�DFWLYLWDWHD�FDUH�D�DYXW�FHO�PDL�PDUH�LPSDFW�DVXSUD�WD��WH�UXJăP�Vă�VSHFL¿FL�XUPăWRDUHOH�

� 1XPHOH�SURJUDPXOXL�DFWLYLWă܊LL� ������������������������������������������������������������ � ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

���&LQH�D�DSOLFDW�SURJUDPXO" ჱ 'LULJLQWHOH

ჱ &RQVLOLHUXO܇�FRODU

ჱ Alt cadru didactic

ჱ 1X�YUHDX�Vă�UăVSXQG

Page 205: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

���&DUH�DX�IRVW�WHPHOH�SULQFLSDOH�DERUGDWH�vQ�FDGUXO�SURJUDPXOXL�UHVSHFWLY��$OHJH܊L�PLQLP�WUHL�YDULDQWH�vQ�RUGLQHD�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�

ჱ 3HUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH��SHUFHS܊LD�GHVSUH�SURSULLOH�FDOLWă܊L�SHUVRQDOH��

ჱ 0RWLYD܊LD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�VWDELOL܈�L�XUPăUL�VFRSXULOH�SURSXVH��

ჱ $XWRFRQWUROXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�UH]LVWD�WHQWD܊LLORU�LPHGLDWH��,PSOLFă�VWăSkQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��HPR܊LLORU��JkQGXULORU��

ჱ 3HUVHYHUHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�GH�D�¿QDOL]D�OD�WLPS܈�L�FX�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH�RULFH�VDUFLQă��FkW�SRDWH�HD�GH�ELQH��vQ�FLXGD�WHQWD܊LLORU��REVWDFROHORU�VDX�QLYHOXOXL�GH�GL¿FXOWDWH�D�VDUFLQLL��

ჱ ÌQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��SUHVXSXQH�FD�R�SHUVRDQD�Vă�¿H�FDSDELOă�Vă�v܈L�VWDELOHDVFă�RELHFWLYH�GH�vQYă܊DUH܈�L�Vă�v܈L�HYDOXH]H�SURSULD�vQYă܊DUH��

ჱ &UHDWLYLWDWHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURGXFH�LGHL�VDX�SURGXVH�QRL��

ჱ $QWUHSUHQRULDOXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�SXQH�LGHLOH�vQ�SUDFWLFă��GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�RSRUWXQLWă܊LOH�FDUH�DSDU��

ჱ &RPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH��H[SULPDUHD�HPR܊LLORU��vQ܊HOHJHUHD�HPR܊LLORU�SURSULL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPR܊LLORU��

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FRRSHUDUH��vPSăUWă܈LUH��DMXWRU��FRPXQLFDUH��HPSDWLH��vQFXUDMăUL��FRPSRUWDPHQW�SULHWHQRV��

ჱ 5H]LOLHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DGDSWDUH�SR]LWLYă��vQ�FLXGD�VLWXD܊LLORU�GH�ULVF�FX�FDUH�FLQHYD�VH�FRQIUXQWă�±�VăUăFLH��DEX]��SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH��SUREOHPH�vQ�IDPLOLH�HWF���

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH��FRPSHWHQ܊D�GRULQ܊D�GH�D�UHDOL]D�FDPSDQLL�VRFLDOH��GH�D�VH�LPSOLFD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWH��SDUWLFLSD�vQ�RUJDQL]D܊LL܈�L�DVRFLD܊LL�DOH�HOHYLORU��

���&DUH�D� IRVW� GXUDWD�PHGLH�GH� LPSOHPHQWDUH�D�SURJUDPXOXL�DFWLYLWă܊LORU�UHVSHFWLYH"

ჱ �±��RUH

ჱ �±���RUH

ჱ ��±���RUH

ჱ SHVWH����RUH

ჱ QX܈�WLX�Vă�UăVSXQG

Page 206: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

���&H�DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�FUH]L�Fă܊�L�D�GH]YROWDW�DFHVW�SURJUDP"�$OHJH�PLQLP�WUHL�YDULDQWH�vQ�RUGLQHD�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�

ჱ 3HUFHS܊LD�GH�VLQH��SHUFHS܊LD�GHVSUH�SURSULLOH�FDOLWă܊L�SHUVRQDOH��

ჱ 0RWLYD܊LD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�VWDELOL܈�L�XUPăUL�VFRSXULOH�SURSXVH��

ჱ $XWRFRQWUROXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�UH]LVWD�WHQWD܊LLORU�LPHGLDWH��,PSOLFă�VWăSkQLUHD�FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL��HPR܊LLORU��JkQGXULORU��

ჱ 3HUVHYHUHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�XQHL�SHUVRDQH�GH�D�¿QDOL]D�OD�WLPS܈�L�FX�UHVSRQVDELOLWDWH�RULFH�VDUFLQă��FkW�SRDWH�HD�GH�ELQH��vQ�FLXGD�WHQWD܊LLORU��REVWDFROHORU�VDX�QLYHOXOXL�GH�GL¿FXOWDWH�D�VDUFLQLL��

ჱ ÌQYă܊DUHD�DXWRUHJODWă��SUHVXSXQH�FD�R�SHUVRDQD�Vă�¿H�FDSDELOă�Vă�v܈L�VWDELOHDVFă�RELHFWLYH�GH�vQYă܊DUH܈�L�Vă�v܈L�HYDOXH]H�SURSULD�vQYă܊DUH��

ჱ &UHDWLYLWDWHD��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�D�SURGXFH�LGHL�VDX�SURGXVH�QRL��

ჱ $QWUHSUHQRULDOXO��DELOLWDWHD�GH�D�SXQH�LGHLOH�vQ�SUDFWLFă��GH�D�LGHQWL¿FD�RSRUWXQLWă܊LOH�FDUH�DSDU��

ჱ &RPSHWHQ܊HOH�HPR܊LRQDOH��H[SULPDUHD�HPR܊LLORU��vQ܊HOHJHUHD�HPR܊LLORU�SURSULL��DXWRFRQWUROXO�HPR܊LLORU��

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�LQWHUSHUVRQDOH��FRRSHUDUH��vPSăUWă܈LUH��DMXWRU��FRPXQLFDUH��HPSDWLH��vQFXUDMăUL��FRPSRUWDPHQW�SULHWHQRV��

ჱ 5H]LOLHQ܊D��FDSDFLWDWHD�GH�DGDSWDUH�SR]LWLYă��vQ�FLXGD�VLWXD܊LLORU�GH�ULVF�FX�FDUH�FLQHYD�VH�FRQIUXQWă�±�VăUăFLH��DEX]��SUREOHPH�GH�VăQăWDWH��SUREOHPH�vQ�IDPLOLH�HWF���

ჱ $ELOLWă܊LOH�FLYLFH��FRPSHWHQ܊D�GRULQ܊D�GH�D�UHDOL]D�FDPSDQLL�VRFLDOH��GH�D�VH�LPSOLFD�vQ�FRPXQLWDWH��SDUWLFLSD�vQ�RUJDQL]D܊LL܈�L�DVRFLD܊LL�DOH�HOHYLORU��

Page 207: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

���'DWH�VRFLR�GHPRJUD¿FH�

D��/RFDOLWDWHD�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

E��-XGH܊XO�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

F��9kUVWD�WD���������������������������������������������DQL

G��*HQXO

ჱ 0DVFXOLQ

ჱ )HPLQLQ

H��3UR¿OXO�OLFHXOXL�SH�FDUH�vO�XUPH]L

ჱ 7HRUHWLF

ჱ 7HKQRORJLF

ჱ 9RFD܊LRQDO

I��&ODVD��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

Page 208: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

$QH[D��&KHVWLRQDU�UHSUH]HQWDQW�0(1

�� 3XWHP�YRUEL�GH�H[LVWHQ܊D�XQHL�PRQLWRUL]ăUL܈�L�XQHL�HYDOXDUL�VLVWHPDWL�FH�D�IXUQL]RULORU�GH�IRUPDUH܈�L�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�IRUPDUH�GH]YROWDWH܈�L�LPSOHPHQWDWH�SULQ�&DVHOH�&RUSXOXL�'LGDFWLF��,QVSHFWRUDWH܇�FRODUH�VDX�DOWH�LQVWLWX܊LL�DFUHGLWDWH�GH�FăWUH�0(1�vQ�FDOLWDWH�GH�IXUQL]RUL�

�� &UHGHĠL�Fă�HVWH�QHYRLH�GH�R�UHFRQFHSWXDOL]DUH�D�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU"�&RQVLGHUD܊L�Fă�H�QHFHVDUă�R� UHJkQGLUH�D�SUR¿OXOXL�� UROXOXL��DWULEX܊LLORU�DFHVWXLD"�9ă�UXJăP�Vă�QH�UăVSXQGH܊L�SULQ�UDSRUDWDUH�OD�FH�VH܈�WLH�OD�QL�YHO�0(1�GHVSUH�QHYRLOH�UHDOH�H[LVWHQWH�vQ�VLVWHPXO�QRVWUX�HGXFD܊LRQDO"�ÌQ� VSHFLDO� vQ� UDSRUW� FX� LPSOLFDUHD� VD� vQ� GH]YROWDUHD� DELOLWă܊LORU� QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�

�� &RQVLGHUD܊L�Fă�HVWH�QHFHVDUă�R� LPSOLFDUH�PDL�H[SOLFLWă�D�SăULQĠLORU� vQ�SURJUDPHOH�SULQ�FDUH�LQVWLWX܊LLOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH��FX�DMXWRUXO�FRQVLOHULORU܈�L�FDGUHORU�GLGDFWLFH��XUPăUHVF�Vă�GH]YROWH�DFHVWH�DELOLWă܊L�OD�DGROHVFHQ܊L"

�� &H�SUREOHPH�D܊L�VHVL]DW�LGHQWL¿FDW�vQ�UDSRUW�FX�LPSOLFDUHD�FRQVLOLHULORU�vQ�GH]YROWDUHD�OD�DGROHVFHQ܊L�D�DFHVWRU�DELOLWă܊L"

�� $YH܊L�UHFRPDQGăUL�VSHFL¿FH�SHQWUX�RSWLPL]DUHD�DFWLYLWă܊LL� vQ�UDSRUW�FX�DFHDVWD�SUREOHPDWLFă"

Page 209: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL
Page 210: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL
Page 211: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

Contents

6XPDU�H[HFXWLY�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

&RQWH[WXO�LQYHVWLJDWLY������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9

&DS����&RQFHSWXDOL]DUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�OLWHUDWXUD�GH�specialitate����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

����$ELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��FRQFHSW�XPEUHOă������������������������������������������

����$ELOLWă܊L�FRJQLWLYH�YV��DELOLWă܊L�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�����������������������������������������

����$ELOLWă܊LOH�VRFLR�HPR܊LRQDOH�����������������������������������������������������������������

&DS����$ELOLWă܊LOH�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�GH]YROWăULL����������������������������

����7UDVHXO�GH�GH]YROWDUH�RSWLPă�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��������������������

����'H]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�FD]XO�JUXSXULORU�YXOQHUDELOH���

&DS����$ERUGDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�GLQ�SHUVSHFWLYD�SUDFWLFLORU�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�LQWHUQD܊LRQDOH���������������������������������������������������������������������������

����,QWURGXFHUH������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

����)DFWRULL�UHOHYDQ܊L�SHQWUX�LPSOHPHQWDUHD�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH����������������������������������������������������������������������������

&DS����$ERUGDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�SUDFWLFLOH�HGXFD܊LRQDOH�GLQ�URPkQLD���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

�����$QDOL]D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�����������

������$ERUGDUHD�FXUULFXODUă�D�GH]YROWăULL�VRFLDOH܈�L�HPR܊LRQDOH�vQ�5RPkQLD���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

������6WDWXWXO�FRQVLOLHUXOXL܈�FRODU��������������������������������������������������������������

������)RUPDUHD�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�����������������������������������������������������������

������'H]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�VLVWHPXO�SULYDW�GH�HGXFD܊LH�ăPkQWXO�DOWHUQDWLY������������������������������������������������������������������������66܊L�vQYă܈

������([HPSOH�GH�EXQH�SUDFWLFL����������������������������������������������������������������

�������3XQFWXO�GH�YHGHUH�DO�0(1�FX�SULYLUH�OD�VLWXD܊LD�GH]YROWăULL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�vQ�VLVWHPXO�HGXFD܊LRQDO�URPkQHVF����������������������

�����6WXGLX�SULYLQG�EXQHOH�SUDFWLFL�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL�GLQ�5RPkQLD ��

Page 212: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

���

������(ODERUDUHD܈�L�DSOLFDUHD�XQXL�FKHVWLRQDU�SHQWUX�LGHQWL¿FDUHD�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL�DOH�FRQVLOLHULORU܈�FRODUL������������������������������������������������������������������

,QVWUXPHQWH���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������77

������&RQVWUXLUHD�XQXL�JKLG�GH�IRFXV�JUXS܈�L�UHDOL]DUHD�D���IRFXV�JUXS�XUL�vQ�WUHL�MXGH܊H�DOH܊�ăULL��UHDOL]DUHD�D���LQWHUYLXUL�FX�UHSUH]HQWDQ܊L�DL�XQRU������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������FROL�SULYDWH܈

5H]XOWDWH���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

�����6WXGLX�SULYLQG�SHUVSHFWLYD�DGROHVFHQ܊LORU�DVXSUD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH܈�L�D�SURJUDPHORU�GH�GH]YROWDUH�D�DFHVWRUD�vQ܈�FRDOă���������

&KHVWLRQDU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�YLD܊ă�vQ܈�FRDOă�����������

����$QDOL]D�FRPSDUDWLYă�LQWHJUDWă�D�LHUDUKLHL�LPSRUWDQ܊HL�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH��FRQVLOLHUL܈�FRODUL�YV��HOHYL����������������������������������������������� ���

&DS����&RQFOX]LL�JHQHUDOH܈�L�UHFRPDQGăUL����������������������������������������������������

����&RQFOX]LL�JHQHUDOH�����������������������������������������������������������������������������

����5HFRPDQGăUL�DGUHVDWH�DFWRULORU�UHVSRQVDELOL�GH�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�DGROHVFHQ܊L����������������������������������������������������

5HIHULQ܊H�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

$QH[D����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

$QH[D����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

&KHVWLRQDU�GH�LGHQWL¿FDUH�D�EXQHORU�SUDFWLFL܈�L�D�QHYRLORU�GH�IRUPDUH�SULYLQG�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�QRQ�FRJQLWLYH�OD�FRSLL܈�L�DGROHVFHQ܊L���������

$QH[D����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

*KLG�IRFXV�JUXS���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

$QH[D����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

&KHVWLRQDU�FX�SULYLUH�OD�GH]YROWDUHD�DELOLWă܊LORU�GH�YLD܊ă�vQ܈�FRDOă�����������

$QH[D����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

&KHVWLRQDU�UHSUH]HQWDQW�0(1�����������������������������������������������������������������

Page 213: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL
Page 214: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL
Page 215: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL
Page 216: ANALIZA PRACTICILOR3HQWUX D U VSXQGH DFHVWRU RELHFWLYH UDSRUWXO GH ID D IRVW VWUXFWXUDW vQ FLQFL VHF LXQL F URUD OH FRUHVSXQG WRW DWkWHD FDSLWROH ÌQ SUH]HQWDUH VLQWHWLF D FH ORU FLQFL

ANALIZA PRACTICILOR

�'�35,9,1)/$21,܉$&8')2+,36'(=92/7$5($�$%,/,7Ă25/,܉��,܇�,,23&�$/�)1,7,9*2&�121

Q$,܉1)&6)/2'$DOL]D�SUDFWLFLORU�S

VLKRHGX

FDʖLR

QDOH�SULYLQG

�GH]YROWDUHD�D

ELOLWĄʖLORU�Q

RQ�FRJ

QLWLYH�OD�F

RSLL�ʔ

L�DGR

OHVFHQʖL

8QLYHUVLWDWHD�%DEH܈�%RO\DL6WU��0LKDLO�.RJăOQLFHDQX��QU�����������&OXM�1DSRFD��5RPkQLD7HO�����������������)D[�����������������ZZZ�XEEFOXM�UR

,6%1�������������������

/XFUDUH�UHDOL]DWă܈�L�WLSăULWă�vQ�����GH�H[HPSODUHFX�VSULMLQXO�5HSUH]HQWDQ܊HL�81,&()�vQ�5RPkQLD�

(GLWXUD�$OSKD�0'1

81,&()�5RPkQLD%G��3ULPăYHULL��QU����$6HFWRU����%XFXUH܈WL7HO����������������EXFKDUHVW#XQLFHI�RUJZZZ�XQLFHI�UR