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ACTUL ADMINISTRATIV DE

AUTORITATE OBIECT AL ACIUNII

JUDICIARE

Emanoil POPESCU *

Abstract: Din economia dispoziiilor Legii contenciosului administrativ nr. 554/2004 rezult c actul administrativ de autoritate este inclus n categoria actelor administrative unilaterale tipice i face obiectul aciunii n contenciosul administrativ. ntinderea cercetrii noastre reliefeaz i puncte de vedere conturate n doctrin, jurispruden, precum i consideraii critice privind practica administraiei publice locale i judeene, referitoare la faptul c, actele administrative de autoritate care vizeaz raporturi de dreptul muncii, sunt calificate acte crora li se aplic regimul juridic instituit de dreptul muncii i nu acte administrative de autoritate cu caracter individual. Cuvinte cheie: act administrativ de autoritate unilateral ;, act administrativ de autoritate normativ ; act de autoritate individual. Actul administrativ de autoritate (act administrativ unilateral tipic) Coroborarea art. 1 alin 1, cu art. 2 alin. 1 lit. c) din Legea contenciosului administrativ nr. 554/2004, astfel cum a fost modificat prin Legea nr. 262/2007, lumineaz sfera actelor administrative prin care se pot vtma drepturi subiective i interese legitime ale persoanelor, i care fac obiectul aciunii n contencios administrativ n condiiile acestei legi, limitnd-o la categoria actelor administrative de autoritate sau unilaterale, care, la rndul lor, pot fi acte administrative de autoritate normative i acte administrative de autoritate

ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS OF

AUTHORITY SUBJECT OF JUDICIAL

ACTION

Emanoil POPESCU **

Abstract: From the economy of the Contentious administrative matters law no. 554/2004 it results that the administrative act of authority is included in the category of typical unilateral administrative acts and is the subject of action in the administrative contentious matters. Our research reveals points of view shaped in doctrine, jurisprudence, as well as critical views regarding the practice of local and county public administration, regarding the fact that administrative acts of authority that refer to relations of labour law are qualified as acts which are applied the judicial regime established by the labour law and not administrative acts of authority that have individual character. Key words: unilateral administrative act of authority, normative administrative act of authority, individual act of authority. Administrative act of authority (typical unilateral administrative act) Corroboration of art. 1 par 1, with art. 2 par. 1 letter c) of the Administrative Contentious Matters Law no. 554/2004, as amended through the Law no. 262/2007, clears the range of administrative acts that can damage subjective rights and legitimate interests of persons and are the subject of administrative contentious action under the conditions of this law, limiting it to the category of unilateral or authority administrative acts which in turn, can be normative acts of authority and individual administrative acts of authority.

* Lector univ. dr. Universitatea Ecologic din Bucureti ** University Lecturer, PhD Ecologic University from Bucharest

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individuale. Referitor la atacarea n contencios administrativ a actelor administrative cu caracter normativ de ctre orice persoan, actuala Lege a conteciosului administrativ, prin definiia dat contenciosului administrativ (art. 2 alin. 1 lit. f), traneaz definitiv aceast chestiune, de unde s-ar putea concluziona faptul c aceast lege instituie o adevrat aciune popular (actio popularis), acest pericol fiind subliniat att n unele dintre comentariile formulate cu privire la Proiectul Legii conteciosului administrativ [1], ct i dup intrarea n vigoare a Legii nr. 554/2004 [2], nainte de modificare. Referitor la posibilitatea formulrii unei aciuni n contencios administrativ tinznd la anularea unui act administrativ cu caracter normativ, n doctrin i jurispruden s-au conturat mai multe puncte de vedere i anume: - soluia legislativ consacrat de actuala Lege a contenciosului administrativ este criticabil, atrgnd neconstituionalitatea acesteia n raport cu dispoziiile art. 52 din Constituia republicat, ntruct un act administrativ cu caracter normativ nu poate aduce atingere unui drept subiectiv sau unui interes garantat de lege unei persoane, titularul dreptului subiectiv sau al interesului legitim putndu-se considera vtmat n dreptul sau interesul su, abia n momentul n care un act administrativ individual, emis n baza actului normativ al administraiei, i este comunicat sau pus n aplicare [3]; - posibilitatea formulrii unei aciuni n contencios administrativ tinznd la anularea unui act administrativ cu caracter normativ este conferit oricrei persoane, dac, prin simpla adoptare a unui act cu caracter normativ, pot aprea raporturi juridice cu efecte diverse pe plan juridic, prin care pot fi lezate drepturi sau interese legitime ale acestor persoane [4];

Regarding the administrative contentious appeal against normative administrative acts by any person, the current Law of administrative contentious matters, through the definition given to administrative contentious matters (art. 2 par. 1 letter f), clears this matter for good, and therefore we can draw the conclusion that this law establishes a real popular action (actio popularis), this danger being underlined both in some of the comments made regarding the Project of the Administrative Contentious Matters Law [1], and after the enforcement of the Law no. 554/2004 [2], before amendment. Regarding the possibility to file an administrative contentious action in order to annul a normative administrative act, several points of view have developed in doctrine and jurisprudence: - the legislative solution established by the current Law of administrative contentious matters can be criticised, drawing its unconstitutionality in relation to the provisions of art. 52 of the republished Constitution, because a normative administrative act cannot prejudice a subjective right or an interest guaranteed by the law to a person, the holder of a subjective right being considered prejudiced in its right or interest when an individual administrative act issued based on the administration normative act is notified or applied [3]; - the possibility to file an administrative contentious action in order to annul a normative administrative act is granted to any person, if by merely adopting a normative character, judicial relations with various effects can occur at judicial level, that can prejudice rights and legitimate interests of those persons [4]; - the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court [5] stated that, according to the constitution what does not enter the competence range of the Constitutional Court, even if it concerns the conformity with the provisions of the

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- jurisprudena Curii Constituionale [5] a statuat faptul c, potrivit Constituiei, ceea ce nu intr n sfera de competen a Curii Constituionale, chiar dac privete conformitatea cu dispoziiile Constituiei, intr n sfera contenciosului administrativ, n sensul de litigiu de competena instanelor de contencios administrativ, de aceea, actele normative i individuale ale Guvernului, ministerelor i ale celorlalte autoriti ale administraiei publice, central sau, dup caz, locale, indiferent de materia la care se refer, sunt controlate, sub aspectul legalitii, de instanele de contencios administrativ; - persoana care exercit aciunea n contencios administrativ pentru verificarea legalitii unui act administrativ normativ, trebuie s fac dovada c a fost vtmat direct, ntr-un drept sau interes legitim, printr-un act administrativ normativ, rezultnd aadar c este posibil formularea unei astfel de aciuni, sarcina probei vtmrii directe ntr-un drept sau interes legitim printr-un act administrativ normativ, revenind persoanei care formuleaz aceast aciune [6] ; - adeseori, actele de autoritate provoac litigii ce dau loc la un contencios subiectiv, cum sunt litigiile cu privire la pagubele cauzate prin aceste litigii [7], context n care trebuie s facem distincie ntre cele doua pri ale conteciosului, i anume, prima parte, care este conteciosul n anulare propriu-zis, prin care se anuleaz actul administrativ i care, dup cum am vzut, este obiectiv, i partea a doua, care pronun despgubiri, i care este deci subiectiv [8]; - fiecare individ trebuie protejat n situaia sa juridic obiectiv, creat prin lege, adic prin dreptul obiectiv, cci administraia l poate vtma i n aceast situaie legal, leznd astfel i interesele sale. n scopul de a-i apra situaia juridic obiectiv, administratul poate s

Constitution, enters the range of administrative contentious matters, in the meaning of litigation within the competence of administrative contentious courts, that is why the normative and individual acts of the Government, ministries and other public, central or local administration authorities, irrespective of the matter they refer to, are controlled by the administrative contentious courts under the aspect of their legality; - the person that exercises the administrative contentious action for certifying the legality of a normative administrative act has to prove that it has been directly prejudiced, in a legitimate right or interest, through a normative administrative act, therefore resulting that it is possible to formulate such an action, the duty of proving the direct prejudice of a legitimate right or interest through a normative administrative act being of the person that files this action [6] ; - acts of authority often cause litigations that make room for subjective contentious matters, like it is the case of litigations regarding the damages caused through these litigations [7], in which context we have to differentiate between the two parts of contentious matters, that is the first part, which is the actual contentious matters for annulment, through which the administrative act is annulled and which, as we have seen, is objective and the second part, which sentences damage claims and is therefore subjective [8]; - every individual has to be protected in its objective judicial status, created by the law, that is through the objective law, because the administration can prejudice it in this legal situation as well, and therefore prejudice its interests. In order to defend its objective judicial status, the administered person can use the contentious matters for annulment in order to cancel the effects of a judicial act

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se foloseasc de contenciosul n anulare pentru a nimici efectele unui act juridic al administraiei, care ar prejudicia situaia sa [9]. n practica administraiei publice locale i judeene, se constat faptul c actele administrative de autoritate care vizeaz raporturi de dreptul muncii, sunt calificate acte crora li se aplic regimul juridic instituit prin normele dreptului muncii i nu acte administrative de autoritate cu caracter individual. Considerm c aceast practic a autoritilor administraiei publice locale i judeene este nelegal, pentru urmatoarele considerente [10]: - chiar dac actul administrativ unilateral vizeaz raporturi juridice din sfera dreptului muncii, acest aspect nu i schimb natura juridic de act administrativ de autoritate, ntruct raportul juridic de munc este subsecvent unui alt raport juridic, cu mult mai important, respectiv raportul juridic de autoritate reglementat prin norme de drept public, astfel c, potrivit art. 126 alin. 6 din Constituia revizuit care stabilete expres i limitativ categoriile de acte administrative exceptate de la controlul judectoresc pe calea contenciosului administrativ, aceste acte administrative de autoritate cu caracter individual vor putea fi atacate la instana de contencios administrativ n condiiile Legii nr. 554/2004 i nu la instana de drept comun n material soluionrii conflictelor de drepturi n condiiile Legii nr. 168/1999, chiar dac tribunalul este instan competent att n materia contenciosului administrativ, ct i n materia soluionrii conflictelor de drepturi; - dispoziiile Legii nr. 168/1999 privind soluionarea conflictelor de drepturi este aplicabil doar n privina litigiilor de dreptul muncii generate de ctre alte entiti, dect, autoritile publice, astfel cum acestea sunt definite prin art. 2 alin. 1 lit. b) din Legea nr.

of the administration that might prejudice its status [9]. Within the practice of local and county public administration, we notice that administrative acts of authority that refer to labour law relations, are qualified as acts that are applied the judicial status established through the labour law regulations and not as individual administrative acts of authority. We think that this practice of local and county public administration authorities is not legal for the following reasons [10]: - even if the unilateral administrative act refers to judicial relations from the range of labour law, this aspect does not change its judicial status of administrative act of authority, because the judicial labour relations is subsequent to another judicial relations, more important which is the judicial relation of authority which is regulated by public law regulations, therefore according to art. 126 par. 6 of the revised Constitutions that expressly and limitatively establishes the categories of administrative acts exempted from the judicial control in relation to administrative contentious matters, these individual administrative acts of authority will be able to be appealed against at the contentious administrative court in accordance with the Law no. 554/2004 and not at the material common law court for settling the conflicts of rights in the conditions of the Law no. 168/1999, even if the court is competent both in administrative contentious matters and in the matter of settling conflicts of rights; - provisions of the Law no. 168/1999 regarding the settlement of conflicts of rights applies only for labour law litigations generated by other entities than public authorities, as defined in art. 2 par. 1 letter b) of the Law no. 554/2004. As a matter of fact, after the enforcement of the Law no. 188/1999 regarding the

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554/2004. De altfel, dup intrarea n vigoare a Legii nr. 188/1999 privind Statutul funcionarilor publici, competena soluionrii litigiilor dintre funcionarii publici i autoritile publice, viznd raporturi juridice de dreptul muncii (aplicarea de sanciuni disciplinare, rspundere civil, eliberarea din funcie) aparine n exclusivitate instanei de contencios administrativ, cu excepia litigiilor n materia contenciosului contravenional aplicabil funcionarilor publici care este dat n competena judectorilor. Referitor la calificarea unui act administrativ de autoritate care vizeaz raporturi juridice de munc (aplicarea de sanciuni disciplinare), ca fiind un act administrativ de autoritate i nu un act de dreptul muncii, i pe cale de consecin, controlul legalitii acestui act administrativ revenind instanei de contencios administrativ, s-a pronunat i Curtea Suprem de Justiie (actaulmente nalta Curte de Casaie i Justiie) prin unele decizii de spe [11], care, dei sunt anterioare intrrii n vigoare a Constituiei revizuite i a Legii nr. 554/2004, apreciem c sunt aplicabile i dup intrarea n vigoare a actualei legi a contenciosului administrativ. Modalitatea de stabilire a naturii juridice a unui litigiu generat de un act administrativ care vizeaz raporturi de dreptul muncii este analizat i n doctrin, unde se apreciaz c: - natura procesual contencioas a jurisdiciei nu schimb natura (civil sau de munc) a litigiului dedus judecii, pentru c natura dreptului pus n discuie rmne proprie (civil, de munc etc.), indiferent de cadrul i modul legal de aprare. Nu constituie cerin a litigiilor de contecios administrativ ca dreptul subiectiv vtmat s aib o natur neaprat administrativ, ci lezarea lui s se produc n legtur cu activitatea administraiei (autoritii) publice,

Status of public officials, the competence of litigations settlement between public officials and public authorities referring to labour law judicial relations (applying disciplinary penalties, civil liability, dismissal) belongs exclusively to the administrative contentious court, except for the litigations in matter of contravention contentious which applies to public officials which is the competence of judges. Regarding the qualification of an administrative act of authority that refers to judicial labour relations (application of disciplinary penalties), as an administrative act of authority and not an act of labour law and consequently the control over the legality of this administrative act being exercised by the administrative contentious court, the Supreme Court of Justice (currently the High Court of Cassation and Justice) sentenced through several decisions [11], which although they are previous to the enforcement of the revised Constitution and Law no. 554/2004, we appreciate that they apply after the current law of administrative contentious matters enter into force. The method of establishing the judicial nature of a litigation generated by an administrative act that refer to labour law relations is analyzed in doctrine as well, where it is appreciated that: - proceeding contentious nature of the jurisdiction does not change the nature (civil or labour) of the litigation, because the nature of the law in discussions remains proper (civil, labour etc.), irrespective of the legal defence method. It is not a requirement of administrative contentious litigations that the prejudiced subjective right be of necessary administrative nature, but that its prejudice occur in relation to the activity of the public administration (authority), whether there is an hierarchical administrative relation (which is

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indiferent c preexist un raport administrativ ierarhic (ceea ce este obligatoriu n cazul funcionarului public subordonat), dublat de alte raporturi administrative, civile, de protecie social [12]; - actele autoritilor publice rmn acte administrative, oricare ar fi natura raporturilor juridice n legtur cu care au intervenit (raporturi juridice civile, de aspect financiar, de drept al muncii) dac prin intermediul lor se exercit pe cale unilateral o atribuie care implic punerea n micare a puterii publice. Cu privire la actele de drept civil sau de drept al muncii, s-a afirmat c acestea sunt acte administrative deoarece ele se detaeaz de aceste raporturi, odat ce, n cadrul lor, autoritatea administrativ se manifest ca o organizaie nzestrat cu putere public, iar nu ca persoan juridic civil [13]. Concluzionm: - soluionarea unui litigiu declanat npotriva unui act administrativ care vizeaz raporturi de dreptul muncii, civile, etc., este guvernat formal de regulile contenciosului administrativ s analizeze fondul prin verificarea ntrunirii condiiilor specific dreptului material dedus judecii, cruia i incumb obligaia de natur administrativ, nendeplinit de ctre administraie; - soluia legislativ consacrat prin dispoziiile Legii nr. 554/2004 este cea care asigur efectivitatea deplin a instituiei contenciosului administrativ, instituie fundamental a statului drept, care asigur garania constituional a protejrii drepturilor i libertilor fundamentale ale cetenilor mpotriva abuzurilor administraiei.

Bibliografie A. Drilescu, Drept administrativ, ediia 4, Editura C.H: Beck, 2010; A. Iorgovan, Tratat de drept administrativ, vol. II, ediia a IV-a, Editura All Beck,

compulsory in the case of subordinated public official), doubled by other administrative, civil or social protection relations [12]; - the acts of public authorities remain administrative acts, irrespective of the nature of judicial relations (civil judicial relations, financial relations, labour law relations) if they unilaterally exercise a duty that implies the involvement of public power. Regarding civil law or labour law acts, it has been said that they are administrative acts because they depart from these relations once the administrative authority is expressed as an organization provided with public power, and not with civil legal entity [13]. We conclude: - the settlement of a litigation occurred against an administrative act that refers to labour law, civil relations etc., is formally governed by the rules of administrative contentious matters that shall analyze the basic matters by checking the compliance with the conditions specific to the material right, which refers to the administrative obligation, which has not been fulfilled by the administration; - the legislative solution provided in the Law no.. 554/2004 is the one that provides full efficiency of administrative contentious institution, which is a fundamental institution of the lawful state, that gives the constitutional guarantee of protecting citizens fundamental rights and freedoms against the abuses of the administration.

References A. Drilescu, Administrative Law, 4th edition, C.H: Beck Press, 2010; A. Iorgovan, Administrative Law Treaty, vol. II, 4th edition, All Beck Press, Bucharest, 2005; C.G. Rarincescu, Romanian

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Bucureti, 2005; C.G. Rarincescu, Contenciosul administrativ romn, Revista de drept public, 1926; Corneliu Manda, Drept administrativ.Tratat elementar ediia a 4-a revizuit i adugit, Editura Lumina Lex, Bucureti, 2007; D. Apostol Tofan, Drept administrativ, vol. II, Editura All Beck, Bucureti, 2004; D. Apostol, Tofan, Drept administrativ, vol. II, ediia 2, Editura C.H. Beck, Bucureti, 2009; D.C. Drago, Legea Conteciosului administrativ, comentarii i aplicaii, Editura All Beck, Bucureti, 2005; E.Albu, Dreptul contenciosului administrativ, Editura Universul Juridic, Bucureti, 2008; E.D. Tarangul, Curs de drept administrativ pentru anul II licen, litografiat Librria Cartea Romneasc, Cluj, 1947; E.Popescu, Drept administrativ, ediia a II-a revizuit i actualizat, Editura Universitas, Petroani, 2009; I. Deleanu, Modificri i completri, implicite sau explicite, ale Codului de procedur civil, Curierul judiciar nr. 9/2005; I. Santai, Implicaii ale incidenei Legii contenciosului administrativ asupra Statutului funcionarului public, revista Dreptul nr. 5/2001; I.Iovna, Drept administrativ i elemente ale tiinei administraiei, Editura Didactic i Pedagogic, Bucureti, 1977; Ioan Alexandru, Tratat de administraie public, Editura Universul Juridic, Bucureti, 2008; J. Bonard, Droit administratif, Paris, 1926;L. Duguit, Trait de droit constitutionnel, tom II, III i IV; N.R. Petrescu, Natura Juridic a titlului de proprietate emis potrivit Legii nr. 18/1991, dreptul nr. 12/1996; O.Puie, Contenciosul administrativ, vol. I, tomul 7, Editura Universul Juridic,

Administrative Contentious Matters, Public Law Magazine, 1926; Corneliu Manda, Administrative Law. Elementary treaty, 4th edition revised and completed, Lumina Lex Press, Bucharest, 2007; D. Apostol Tofan, Administrative Law, vol. II, All Beck Press, Bucharest, 2004; D. Apostol, Tofan, Administrative Law, vol. II, 2nd edition, C.H. Beck Press, Bucharest, 2009; D.C. Drago, Administrative Contentious Law, comments and applications, All Beck Press, Bucharest, 2005; E.Albu, Administrative Contentious Law, Judicial Universe Press, Bucharest, 2008; E.D. Tarangul, Course of administrative law for the 2nd graduation year, Romanian Book Bookstore, Cluj, 1947; E.Popescu, Administrative Law, 2nd edition revised and updated, Universitas Press, Petroani, 2009; I. Deleanu, Implicit or explicit amendments and completions of the civil procedure code, Judicial Courier no. 9/2005; I. Santai, Implications of the administrative contentious law on the status of public officials, Law magazine nr. 5/2001; I.Iovna, Administrative law and elements of the science of administration, Didactic and Pedagogic Press, Bucharest, 1977; Ioan Alexandru, Treaty of public administration, Judicial Universe Press, Bucharest, 2008; J. Bonard, Droit administratif, Paris, 1926; L. Duguit, Trait de droit constitutionnel, tom II, III i IV; N.R. Petrescu, Judicial nature of the ownership title issued according to the Law nr. 18/1991, law nr. 12/1996; O.Puie, Administrative contentious matters, vol. I, tom 7, Judicial Universe Press, Bucharest, 2009; R.N. Petrescu, Administrative law, Hamangiu Press, Bucharest, 2009; S. Belingrdeanu, Regarding the nature of the judicial relations between public

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Bucureti, 2009; R.N. Petrescu, Drept administrativ, Editura Hamangiu,Bucureti, 2009; S. Belingrdeanu, n legtura cu natura raportului juridic dintre funcionarii publici i autoritile sau instituiile publice, precum i cu privire la organele jurisdicionale competente s soluioneze litigiile referitoare la incheierea, modificarea i ncetarea acestui raport juridic, Dreptul nr. 1/1995; T. Drganu, Actele administrative i faptele asimilate lor supuse controlului judectoresc potrivit Legii nr. 1/1967, Editura Dacia, Cluj, 1970; T. Drganu, Actele de drept administrativ, Editura tiinific, Bucureti, 1959; T. Drganu, Cteva reflecii pe marginea recentului Proiect de lege a conteciosului administrativ, Revista de drept public nr. 3/2004; V. Vedina, Unele consideraii teoretice i implicaiile practice privind noua lege a conteciosului administrativ nr. 554/2004, revista Dreptul nr. 5/2005; V. Vedina, Drept administrativ, ediia a IV-a, Editura Universul Juridic, Bucureti, 2009;

[1] T. Drganu, Cteva reflecii pe marginea recentului Proiect de lege a conteciosului administrativ, Revista de drept public nr. 3/2004, p. 63. [2] I. Deleanu, Modificri i completri, implicite sau explicite, ale Codului de procedur civil, Curierul judiciar nr. 9/2005, infra nota 6, p. 97, care precizeaz faptul c, prin apropierea aciunii n contencios administrativ de o aciune popular , melanjul dintre contencios subiectiv i cel obiectiv poate deveni insolubil; D.C. Drago, Legea Conteciosului administrativ, comentarii i aplicaii, Editura All Beck, Bucureti, 2005, p. 130. [3] T. Drganu, Cteva reflecii, op. cit., p. 63. [4] A. Iorgovan, Tratat de drept administrativ, vol. II, ediia a IV-a, Editura All Beck, Bucureti, 2005, p. 524 526; D. Apostol Tofan, Drept administrativ, vol. II, Editura All Beck, Bucureti, 2004, p. 299 - 300; V. Vedina, Unele consideraii teoretice i implicaiile practice privind noua lege a conteciosului administrativ nr. 554/2004, revista Dreptul nr. 5/2005, p. 19; R.N. Petrescu, Drept

officials and public authorities or institutions as well as regarding the relevant jurisdictional bodies for settling the litigations resulted from the conclusion, amendment and terminations of these judicial relations, Law nr. 1/1995; T. Drganu, Administrative acts and related actions undergoing judicial control according to the Law nr. 1/1967, Dacia Press, Cluj, 1970; T. Drganu, Acts of administrative law, Scientific Press, Bucharest, 1959; T. Drganu, Several reflections regarding the recent administrative contentious law project, Public law magazine nr. 3/2004; V. Vedina, Several theoretic considerations and practical implications regarding the new administrative contentious law nr. 554/2004, Law magazine nr. 5/2005; V. Vedina, Administrative law, 4th edition, Judicial Universe Press, Bucharest, 2009;

[1] T. Drganu, Several reflections regarding the recent administrative contentious law project, Public law magazine nr. 3/2004, p. 63. [2] I. Deleanu, Implicit or explicit amendments and completions of the civil procedure code, Judicial Courier no.9/2005, infra note 6, p. 97, that states the fact that, by getting an administrative contentious action close to a popular action, the melange between subjective contentious matters and objective contentious matters can become insoluble; D.C. Drago, Contentious administrative law, comments and applications, All Beck Press, Bucharest, 2005, p. 130. [3] T. Drganu, Several reflections , op. cit., p. 63. [4] A. Iorgovan, Administrative law treaty, vol. II, 4th edition, All Beck Press, Bucharest, 2005, p. 524 526; D. Apostol Tofan, Administrative law, vol. II, All Beck Press, Bucharest, 2004, p. 299 - 300; V. Vedina, Several theoretic considerations and practical implications regarding the new administrative contentious law nr. 554/2004, Law magazine nr. 5/2005, p. 19; R.N. Petrescu, Administrative Law, Accent Press, Cluj- Napoca, 2004, op. cit., p. 383. [5] Constitutional Court, Decision nr. 37/1993, published in the Official Gazette of Romania, Part I, nr. 215 from 1st of September 2003. [6] I. Deleanu, Amendments and completions,

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admnistrativ, Editura Accent, Cluj- Napoca, 2004, op. cit., p. 383. [5] Curtea Constituional, Decizia nr. 37/1993, publicat n Monitorul Oficial al Romniei, Partea I, nr. 215 din 1 septembrie 2003. [6] I. Deleanu, Modificri i completri, op. cit., p. 96 103. [7] L. Duguit, Trait de droit constitutionnel, tom II, p. 151 i urm., tom III, p. 681 i urm.; ibidem, tom IV, p. 661 i urm., apud E.D. Tarangul, op. cit., p. 8-9; J. Bonard, Droit administratif, Paris, 1926, p. 128 i 136, apud E.D. Tarangul, op. cit., p. 10. [8] C.G. Rarincescu, Contenciosul administrativ romn, Revista de drept public, 1926, p. 455. [9] E.D. Tarangul, Curs de drept administrativ pentru anul II licen, litografiat Librria Cartea Romneasc, Cluj, 1947, op. cit., p.10 [10] O.Puie, Contenciosul administrativ, vol. I, tomul 7, Editura Universul Juridic, Bucureti, 2009, op. cit., p. 246 - 247. [11] Decizia seciei de contecios administrativ nr. 1419 din 13 octombrie 1993, publicat n Buletinul Jurisprudenei, Culegere de decizii pe anul 1993, p. 317 318; decizia seciei de contencios administrativ nr. 1635 din 17 octombrie 1996, publicat n Buletinul Jurisprudenei, Culegere de decizii pe anul 1996, p. 440 442. n raport cu cele prezentate i cu jurisprudena Curii Supreme de Justiie, apreciem ca fiind greit opinia exprimat n literatura de specialitate, dei aceasta este anterioar intrrii n vigoare a Legii nr. 188/1999 privind Statutul funcionarilor publici, n sensul creia competena soluionrii litigiilor dintre funcionarii publici i autoritile publice viznd aplicarea de sanciuni disciplinare prin acte administrative de autoritate este judectoria i nu instana de contencios administrativ (a se vedea S. Belingrdeanu, n legtura cu natura raportului juridic dintre funcionarii publici i autoritile sau instituiile publice, precum i cu privire la organele jurisdicionale competente s soluioneze litigiile referitoare la incheierea, modificarea i ncetarea acestui raport juridic, n Dreptul nr. 1/1995, p. 15- 26). A se vedea de asemenea decizia nr. II din 31 martie 2003 a Seciilor Unite ale C.S.J. publicat n Dreptul nr. 8/2003, p. 219 222 prin care s-a statuat competena n fond a tribunalului de a soluiona conflictele de munc n condiiile Legii nr. 168/1999 i care n opinia noastr trebuie reanalizat n raport cu dispoziiile constituionale revizuite instituite prin art. 126 alin. 6 din Constituia republicat, respectiv, dup cum litigiul de munc este generat de o autoritate public sau o alt entitate din afara sistemului autoritii publice apud O. Puie, p. 247, nota 1 subsol. [12] I. Santai, Implicaii ale incidenei Legii contenciosului administrativ asupra Statutului

op. cit., p. 96 103. [7] L. Duguit, Trait de droit constitutionnel, tom II, p. 151 and the following., tom III, p. 681 and the following.; ibidem, tom IV, p. 661 and the following, apud E.D. Tarangul, op. cit., p. 8-9; J. Bonard, Droit administratif, Paris, 1926, p. 128 and 136, apud E.D. Tarangul, op. cit., p. 10. [8] C.G. Rarincescu, Romanian Administrative Contentious Matters, Public Law Magazine, 1926, p. 455. [9] E.D. Tarangul, Course of administrative law for the 2nd graduation year, Romanian Book Bookstore, Cluj, 1947, op. cit., p.10 [10] O.Puie, Administrative contentious matters, vol. I, tom 7, Judicial Universe Press, Bucharest, 2009, op. cit., p. 246 - 247. [11] The decision of the administrative contentious department no. 1419 from 13th of October 1993, published in the Jurisprudence Bulletin, Collection of decisions for the year 1993, p. 317 318; decision of the administrative contentious department no. 1635 from 17th of October 1996, published in the Jurisprudence Bulletin, Collection of decisions for the year 1996, p. 440 442. In relation to the aforementioned facts and with the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Justice, we appreciate that the opinion expressed in the specialized literature is wrong, although it is previous to the enforcement of the Law nr. 188/1999 regarding the Status of public officials, in which the competence for the settlement of the litigations between public officials and public authorities regarding the application of disciplinary penalties through administrative acts of authority is the court of law and not the administrative contentious court (see S. Belingrdeanu, Regarding the nature of the judicial relations between public officials and public authorities or institutions as well as regarding the relevant jurisdictional bodies for settling the litigations resulted from the conclusion, amendment and terminations of these judicial relations, Law nr. 1/1995, p. 15- 26). A see also the decision no. II from 31st of March 2003 of the United Sections of C.S.J. published in Law no. 8/2003, p. 219 222 which stated the basic competence of the court of law to settle the labour conflicts under the conditions of the Law no. 168/1999 which in our opinion has to be reanalyzed in relation to the revised constitutional provisions established through art. 126 par. 6 from the republished Constitution, respectively, depending on the way in which the labour litigation is generated by a public authority or by another entity outside the public authority system apud O. Puie, p. 247, 1st footnote. [12] I. Santai, Implications of the incidence of administrative contentious law on the status of public official, Law magazine nr. 5/2001, p. 77

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funcionarului public, revista Dreptul nr. 5/2001, p. 77 199. [13] T. Drganu, Actele administrative i faptele asimilate lor supuse controlului judectoresc potrivit Legii nr. 1/1967, Editura Dacia, Cluj, 1970, p. 150 151; N.R. Petrescu, Natura Juridic a titlului de proprietate emis potrivit Legii nr. 18/1991, dreptul nr. 12/1996, p. 97.

199. [13] T. Drganu, Administrative acts and related actions undergoing judicial control according to the Law nr. 1/1967, Dacia Press, Cluj, 1970, p. 150 151; N.R. Petrescu, Judicial nature of the ownership title issued according to the Law nr. 18/1991, Law no. 12/1996, p. 97.