2015-2016_curs 3_bis_bis
Transcript of 2015-2016_curs 3_bis_bis
7/23/2019 2015-2016_curs 3_bis_bis
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CODUL DE DEONTOLOGIE MEDICAL! din 30 martie 2012al Colegiului Medicilor din România
MO nr. 298 din 7 mai 2012
! CAP. I Principiile fundamentale ale exercit"rii profesiei de medic
ART. 1. Scopul #i rolul profesiei medicale. Întreaga activitate profesional" amedicului este dedicat" exclusiv ap"r"rii vie$ii, s"n"t"$ii #i integrit"$ii fizice#i psihice a fiin$ei umane (valori: a face bine –beneficenta-, a nu face rau,
respect, demnitatea omului, reparatie, etc.)ART. 2 Nediscriminarea (valori: justitie, egalitate, respectul unicitatii si valorii
fiintei umane, respectul demnitatii umane)
ART. 3 Respectul demnit"$ii fiin$ei umane ca valoare fundamental" a corpuluiprofesional (valori: respectul unicitatii si valorii fiintei umane, autonomia)
ART. 4 Primordialitatea interesului #i a binelui fiin$ei umane asupra societ"$iiori #tiin$ei (beneficenta, a nu face rau -non-maleficenta-, respectuldemnitatii umane, valoarea fiintei umane, empatie, datorie, justitie, etc.)
B)%3#+ ,3#)%( !)#( 03#,()2) ,3#)%) /#34($+30)%) +0 ,(-+!+0)
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ART. 5 Obligativitatea normelor profesionale #i a celor de conduit"(justitie, beneficenta)
ART. 6 Independen$a profesional" (valori: beneficenta, incredere,
responsabilitate)ART. 7 Caracterul rela$iei medic-pacient,exclusiv profesional" #i se va
cl"di pe respectul acestuia fa$" de demnitatea uman", pe în$elegere #icompasiune fa$" de suferin$" (valori: a face bine, a nu face rau,responsabilitate, empatie, reparatie,auto-prefectionare, etc.)
ART. 8 Obliga$iadiligen$ei de mijloace; sa se asigura ca decizia estecorect" iar pacientul beneficiaz" de maximum de garan$ii în raportde condi$iileconcrete (valori: datorie, obligatie morala, a face bine, anu face rau, autonomie, independenta profesionala)
ART. 9 Principiul specializ"rii profesionale (valori: responsabilitate, aface bine, a nu face rau, justitie, respectul demnitatii umane)
ART. 10 Respectul fa$" de confra$i ab$inându-se s"-i denigreze ori s" aduc" critici cu privire la activitatea profesional" a acestor (valori:responsabilitate, justitie, autonomie, a face bine, a nu face rau,,respectul demnitatii umane, etc.)
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Model paternalist: Model informativ: bazat Model interpretativ
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Model paternalist:
bazat pe atitudineapaternalista a medicului(de inspira$ie european")
f
pe autonomia pacientuluiin relatie cu medicul (de
inspira$ie american")
p
bazat pe autonomiapacientului in relatie cu
medicul
Modelul deliberativ:
bazat pe dezvoltareaunei rela$ii
Principiul eticcare prevaleaz"
Beneficien!a asupra
autonomiei.
Autonomia asupra
beneficen!ei
Autonomia asupra
beneficen!ei.
Beneficen!a se împlete"te
cu autonomia.
Cine decide înmodelul derela$ie.
Rolul medicului
Medicul
Medicul este în control.
Medicul ca reprezentant al
pacientului.
Pacientul
Pacientul este în control.
Medicul ca un consultant
medical
Pacientul
Pacientul este în control
Medicul ca interpret.
Pacientul .
Pacientul este în control
Medicul ca prieten.
Alian!a terapeutic#
Construc$iamodelului derela$ie
i. Medicul este
depozitarul
cunoa"terii
ii. Medicul staruie sa isi
pastreze
independenta
iii. Valorile medicului
sunt transferateasupra pacientului
i. Prin exercitiul
drepturilor sale,
informare, libertate,
pacientul se
autodetermina
(exercitiul drepturilor
sale civile).
ii. Pacientul î"iadministreaz# singur
propriile valori
i. Prin intuitivism
medicul anticipeaz#
dorin!ele pacientului.
ii. Medicul este un
consilier si un
interpret
iii. Medicul coboara
langa pacient pentrua-l ajuta sa isi
regaseasca propriile
sale valori în!elegand
informa!ia
i. Prin auto-dezvoltare
medicul ofera
cunoastere
ii. pacientul dobandeste
el singur informatia,
in cunostiinta de
cauza.
iii. Medicul ridica pacientul la nivelul
intelegerii sale
iv. Alianta terapeutica
v. Medicul este
prietenul pe care îl ai
pentru scurt timp
vi. Decizia decurge
dintr-o negociere
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EROAREA
EROAREA
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EROAREAEROAREA
Eroarea (de fapt) tine de natura actului medical, de natura lucrului in sine.
Eroarea de fapt este neimputabila.
Eroarea nu este urmata de reprezentarea subiectivaa consecintelor ei negative,deoarece nu poate fi a prevazuta.
Erorile au la baza cunoasterea incompleta, falsa, determinate fiind de nivelul
cunoasterii medicale in general sau a unei reactivitati speciale a pacientului.
Intentiile sau actiunile insuficiente sau nepotrivite nevoii de ingrijire
medicala ale unui medic constituie o eroare atata timp cat se face dovada ca
in acelasi imprejurari a actionat dupa cum ar fi actionat orice alt medic
inzestrat cu acelasi nivel de pregatire si de practica
Eroarea apare in ciuda bunei-credinte (calitateavointei) si a constiinciozitatii
medicului (diligentei), fie ca materializare a unui risc nenormat fie a
cunoasterii insuficiente a stiintei medicale
U#($()%)
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Eroarea de norma (ce tine de lacune profesionale sau de atitudine profesionala).
Eroarea de norma (greseala) este imputabila.
Greseala tine de domeniul constiintei profesionale si individuale: medicul are reprezentareariscului (usurinta, temeritate) ori nu o are (neglijenta).
Implica preluarea unor riscuri (in numele pacientului cu incalcarea autonomiei, dreptului lalibertate, sanatate, viata, etc.) care se pot materializa asupra pacientului si care nu s-ar fimaterializat daca pacientul ar fi fost pacientul altor colegi pentru ca acestia nu ar fi preluat/asumat
riscurile respective (practica medicala inferioara unui standard de competenta si pricepere acceptat)Greselile pot fi comisive/omisive.
Intentiile sau actiunile insuficiente sau nepotrivite nevoii de ingrijire medicala ale unui medic
constituie o greseala atata timp cat se face dovada ca prin modul de actiune acest medic ar fi
actionat diferit fatade un alt medic inzestrat cu acelasi nivel de pregatiresi acelasi nivel de
practica care in aceleasi imprejurari date ar fi avut o alta actiune medicala, mai favorabila,conform normelor .
Greseala apare prin lipsa de constiinciozitate, de prevedere, superficialitate, neglienta, in relatieindividuala intre medic si pacient
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)A6: C67:D6@C>?:
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RISCURI
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! Riscurile se clasifica dupa:! Alegerea momentului
! Justificare planului terapeutic (dg. si tratament)
! Posibilitatea de control a actului medical
! Decizia profesionala priveste diagnosticul si tratamentul cu manifestare prin actiunea de a ingriji sau non-actiunea de a ingriji (ex. a opera sau anu opera).
! Tratamentul este recomandat in conformitate cu ghidurile profesionale:ghidurile tempereaza actiunea individuala vs. experienta colectiva si aduc
proba timpului asupra noutatilor profesionale)
In mod teoretic diagnosticul este singurul act medical lipsit de riscuri intrucatel presupune doar recunoasterea si atestarea realitatii.
In mod practic poate include etape care sa conduca spre riscuri mai maridecat boala insasi si ca atare riscul diagnosticului poate sa depaseascariscul abtinerii de la diagnostic.
Cat priveste tratamentul, intotdeauna acesta presupune un risc.Intotdeauna un risc medical trebuie sa ia in calcul cele 3 elemente mai sus
mentionate.
SCU
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CRITERII DE APRECIERE CORECTA A RISCULUI
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CRITERII DE APRECIERE CORECTA A RISCULUI
! In aprecierea riscului se va tine seama de faptul ca:
! in risc se afla pacientul iar nu medicul (respectul persoanei, demnitatea
umana)! deciziile profesionale ale medicului se rasfrang asupra unei alte persoane
(pacientul) ceea ce implica responsabilitatea actului medical
! Raportarea riscului este obligatorie si ea se include in consimtamantul informat
! Niciodata un risc fara un beneficiu real, cuantificabil, semnificativ mai important
decat riscul
! Riscul se manifesta inerent actului benefic si nu este un risc suplimentar.
! Cu cat riscul este mai mare cu atat calitatea ingrijirii trebuie sa fie mai mare:procedura se poate opri fie din risc prea mare (mai mare ca beneficiul) fie dinlipsa posibilitatii ingrijirii adecvate
! Cu cat riscul este mai mare cu atat nevoia care poarta riscul trebuie sa fie maimare (justificare/indicatie).
! O stare de stabilitate functionala pune in indoiala oportunitatea riscurilor mari saua celor letale (riscuri care apar nejustificate fata de acea stare)
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! Riscul se accepta intotdeauna doar in interesul bolnavului rezolvando problema de necesitate medicala;
" riscul trebuie acceptat liber si clar de catre bolnav,
" riscul trebuie sa fie util si justificat;
" riscul trebuie sa fie acceptat doar in lipsa unei alte alternative;
" riscul trebuie sa fie fara efecte umane negative previzibile,asteptate;
In orice procedura cu risc privind sanatatea ori viata este
obligatoriu consimtamântul informat
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