2011 2 04 Sistem Inteligent

8/10/2019 2011 2 04 Sistem Inteligent

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SISTEM INTELIGENT DE CONTROL PENTRU CAS

INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HOUSE

Valentin ISTRATIE, Marius FETOIU, Gabriel VLDUS.C. IPA S.A. CRAIOVA

Rezumat: n aceast lucrare este prezentat un sistem inteligent de control pentru cas. Aceast casaredou surse de energie prima surs este furnizat de panouri fotovoltaice, iar cea de-a doua surs este

furnizat de o microcentral care funcioneaz pe palete de rumegu. Vom prezenta doar sistemul generalde controlpentru aceast cas.

Cuvinte cheie: sisteme de automatizare, SCADA, monitorizare, tele-conducere.

Abstract:In this paper we are presenting an intelligent control system for a household. This household hastwo heat and electrical sources - solar power and sawdust pallets power. We will present only generalcontrol systems for this household.

Keywords: automation systems, SCADA, monitoring, remote systems

1. INTRODUCERE

n aceast aplicaie vom prezenta un sisteminteligent de control pentru cas. Aceast casa are

dou surse de energie prima este furnizat depanouri fotovoltaice, iar cea de-a doua este furnizatde o microcentral, care funcioneaz pe palete derumegu. n partea de proiectare a sistemuluiinteligent de comand s-a inut cont de urmtoarelecaracteristici importante:

- o fiabilitate mai ridicat a ntregului sistem;- un cost redus de implementare pentru ntregul

sistem;- un consum de energie redus;- o detectare i localizare a defectelor;- conducere n regim de avarie informaii legate

de operaiile de ntreinere;- nregistrarea datelor i calculul funciilor de

optimizare a ntregii instalaii.Sistemul descris n acest articol const n

urmtoarele subsisteme:- Subsistemul local (RTU) care realizeaz

achiziia datelor de la senzori, traductoare i transmitecomenzi la pompele de pe circuitul hidraulic,electroventile, etc. Aceste informaii sunt folosite

pentru a comunica la un nivel mai ridicat.- Subsistemul de comand de la distan (MTU)

care este folosit pentru a interaciona cu operatorul,nregistrnd date referitoare la erori n staiile locale.Este, de asemenea, folosit pentru a optimiza funciile,avnd ca i scop obinerea unui cost sczut dentreinere. Aplicaia software pentru MTU poate fi

1. INTRODUCTION

In this application we are presenting anintelligent control system for a household. This

household has two electrical and heating sources the first one is provided by a solar source and thesecond one is a heating station working on sawdust

pallets power. Therefore we designed andimplemented a solution taking into account thefollowing important characteristics:

- a high reliability of the system;- a lower cost solution for the implementation;- a low trouble-shooting;- a detection and localization of faults,- leadership in emergency regime information

on the maintenance operations,

- economic information on the cost of labor formaintenance operations;

- information on stocks of equipment for themaintenance of optimization.

The system described in this article consists ofthe following subsystems:

- Local subsystem (RTU) which is used toacquire information from sensors, from pumpingstations and from local leaders. This information isused to communicate at a higher level.

- Distance subsystem (MTU) is intended tointerface with human operators, recording andwarning events and damage appearances at localstations. It is also used for the optimization offunctions in order to achieve low cost formaintenance. The software application for MTU can


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instalat pe calculatoare sau pe telefoane mobile.

SISTEME LOCALE

Subsistemul local are trei componente:- instalaia hidraulic;

-

instalaia electric de for;- instalaia electric de comenzi automate itele-conducere.

Subsistemul hidraulic const din:- electropompe (ntre 6 i 12 buci);- rezervoare (i shimbtoare de cldur);- robinei de izolare a pompelor electrice;- robinei de reinere cu clapet.Instalaia electric de for este format din:- ntreruptor pentru protecie la scurtcircuit

electric general;- ntreruptoare electrice pentru protecie la

scurtcircuit electric al consumatorilor electrici casnici(electropompe, televizoare, corpuri de iluminat,maini de splat, frigidere etc.);

- linie de contact (dou buci) ce dorete sobin variabile de frecven de decuplare a energieielectrice cnd apare o eroare;

- linie direct de contact pentru fiecare pompelectric ce este fcut pentru a se conecta direct cu

pompa electric ntr-o reea electric trifazat;- bloc releu nclzire pentru fiecare pomp

electric. Se dorete protecia la suprasarcin, cndpompa electric este alimentat direct din reeaua de

electricitate;- variatoare de frecven (dou uniti, una activ)

ce doresc s ob in o p ornire i o oprire nceat apompei electrice, comutnd la linia direct cndajunge la sistemul nominal i se dorete o protecie lasuprasarcin i presiune ale conductelor dedescrcare;

- bare de cupru.Instalaia electric de comenzi automate i tele-

conducere (IMPLEMENTAT PE PLC-uri):- Conducerea n regim automat a ciclului de

funcionare;- Detecia i localizarea defectelor n instalaie;- Conducerea n regim de avarie;- nregistrarea i transmiterea datelor referitoare

la evenimente i avarii;- Interfaa cu operatorul uman (local sau la

distan);- Transmiterea datelor locale.n figura 1 este prezentat schema sinoptic a

sistemul hidraulic pentru o cas inteligent, iar nfigura 2 este prezentatschema sinoptic a sistemuluielectric.

be installed on PCs or mobile phones.

2. LOCAL SYSTEMS

The local subsystem has three components:- the hydraulic installations;

-

the electrical power;- automation and operator interface.The hydraulic subsystem consists of:- electro pumps (between 6 and 12 units);- suction tank;- isolation valves for electro pumps;- check valves in flap.The electric power plant consists of:- electrical switch for general short-circuit

protection;- electrical switches for short-circuit protection

phase for electric house consumers (each electro

pumps, televisions, lights, washing mashines,refrigerators etc.);- contact line (two pieces), which is to achieve

decoupling frequency variables of electric powerwhen failure occurs.

- the direct contact line for each electro pump isdesigned to plug directly the electro pump intothree-phase electric network,

- the block heater relay for each electro pump. Itis to achieve overload protection, when the electro

pump is fed directly to the electricity network,- the variable frequency (two pieces, one active)

aims to achieve the slow starting and stopping of theelectro pumps, switching to direct line when itcomes into the nominal system, protection fromoverload and pressure settings of the discharge

pipes.- copper bars.

The protection of electrical cabinets andinstallation of automation equipment and also theoperator interface has the following functions:

- Achieving automatic operating cycle;- Detection and location of faults;- Control in fault mode;- Recording all events and damages data;- Interface with human operators (at location or

at distance);- Transmitting data at a higher level.

In figure 1 there are presented the synopticschemes for the hydraulic systems, and in figure 2there are presented the synoptic schemes for theelectrical systems.


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Figura 1.Sistemele hidraulice pentru o cas inteligentFigure 1. Hydraulic systems for a smart house

Figura 2. Reprezentarea sinoptic pentru sistemul electricFigure 2.Synoptic representation for the electric system


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3. SISTEMUL DE TELE-CONDUCERE

ntr-o economie competitiv, competiia ntrefirmele care activeaz n acelai domeniu,productivitatea crescut, rezolvarea erorilor icalitatea serviciului sunt foarte importante. Pentru a

ndeplini aceste provocri, companiile apeleaz latehnologie, care, dei scump, poate crete eficienamuncii i mbunti calitatea serviciului.

Convergena tehnologiilor pentru msurare,comunicare i informare este complex i estespecializat n sarcini legate de managementultransmisiei i distribuiei. Starea reelei este reflectatde multe variabile i interaciuni asupra diferitelordomenii, interaciuni ce pot fi foarte complexe. Maimult, n majoritatea cazurilor, reelele ce trebuieacoperite sunt foarte ample i pot interaciona ndiferite domenii.

Sistemele SCADA sunt proiectate pentru andeplini cerinele descrise mai sus; numele vine de laSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition.

Pentru o citire eficient a valorilor i pentruexecutarea operaiilor de la distan au fost introdusemetodologii de msurare legate de controlul de ladistan. Acest lucru a devenit posibil datoritnumrului mare de oferte i de scderea preuluiinstrumentelor digitale, fcnd posibildisponibilitatea metodelor moderne de comunicare.

Pe de alt parte, cteva componente de calculatorau dev enit mai avansate i mai ieftine. Au fost

dezvoltate aplicaii pentru simulare i proiectare dereele. Aceste instrumente au furnizat o reea deadministrare suport ce poate analiza situaii diferite detipul cum ar fi dac.De asemenea, programele desimulare pot ajuta n minimalizarea numrului deintrumente de msurare necesare pentru a reflectastarea reelei.

O dat implementat un sistem SCADA, operaiilepot fi monitorizate i controlate, iar sistemul vafurniza informaii pentru a maximiza profitul.Deoarece SCADA este centrul operaiilor dedeschidere, transmisie i distribuie, oamenii carefolosesc sistemul de informaii pot beneficia de oimagine de ansamblu a siteului, de instalarea ioperarea sistemului.

Sistemele SCADA sunt alctuite din componentede diverse tipuri, ce sunt conectate ntre ele. ncontinuare, principalele componente sunt listate nfuncie de natura lor i rolurile acestora vor fidiscutate:

componente de msur n cazul reelelor detransport i distribuie fluide se msoar presiunea,temperatura i debitul, iar pentru reele electrice se

msoar tensiunea, curentul i frecvena; componente de acionare i automatizare

exemple pentru reele de transport i/sau distribuie defluide: vane i robinete comandate, pompe prevzute

3. REMOTE SYSTEMS

In terms of a competitive economy, competitionbetween firms working in the same area, increasingproductivity, solving malfunctions and quality ofservice is very important. To meet these challenges,

companies turn to technology, which, althoughexpensive, may increase the work efficiency whileimproving service quality.

The convergence of technologies formeasurement, communication and informationdeveloped is complex and is specialized in tasksrelated to management of transmission anddistribution. The status of the network is reflected bymany variables and interactions on different branchesand it can be very complex. Moreover, in most cases,networks that must be managed are very large andmay intertwine in different areas.

SCADA systems are designed to meet therequirements described above; the name stands forthe Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.

For an efficient reading of the values and for theexecution of remote operations there were introducedmetering methodologies concerning the remotecontrol. This became possible due to the greatnumber of offers and to the decreasing of prices ofdigital tools making possible and easier theavailability of modern communications.

On the other hand, some computer equipmentbecame more advanced and increasingly cheap.

Applications were developed for simulation anddesign of networks. These instruments have provideda support network administration that can analyzescenario situations of what if type. Also, thesimulation programs can help in minimizing thenumber of measurement tools necessary to reflect thestate of the network.

Once implemented a SCADA system, operationscan be monitored and controlled, and the system

produces information to maximize profits. SinceSCADA is the center of opening, transmission anddistribution operations, people using the informationsystem can benefit from an overview of the site,installation and operation of the system.

SCADA systems are made up of components ofdifferent nature, which are connected to each other.

Next, the main components will be listed by nature,and their roles will be discussed:

measurement components - for transmissionand distribution of measured fluid pressure,temperature and flow and for the measurement of theelectric network voltage, current and frequency;

drive and automation components - examples

for transmission and / or distribution of fluids andvalves controlled valves, pumps provided withcommand, etc; For electric networks: switches, circuit

breakers;


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cu comand, etc.; pentru reele electrice: comutatoare,ntreruptoare, disjunctoare comandate;

componente hardware - calculatoare,imprimante, plotere, monitoare, afiaje sinoptice,module de conducere a proceselor inteligente, modulede comand cu logic programat, uniti de stocare

(discuri i/sau benzi magnetice), etc.; componente software sisteme de operare (de

timp real, sau nu), sisteme de culegere a datelor,sisteme de gestionare a bazelor de date, programe desimulare, programe de comunicaii, programe dearhivare/restaurare a datelor;

componente de comunicare comunicareapoate fi fcut n diverse moduri: LAN cabluri dereea (cabluri coaxiale, UTP, optice), carduri de reea,linii telefonice (nchiriate sau proprii), modemuri,mijloace terestre de radio comunicare; staii deemisie-recepie, releu de transmisie, satelit media,

satelit staii emisie-recepie; componentele unei ntreineri predictive online

toate integrate n echipamentul SCADA. Operaiilepot fi planificate n funcie de numrul de ore deoperare. Sistemul are structur de arbore pentru

personalul de pre-ntiinare i alert asupraoperaiilor de ntreinere ce trebuie efectuate;

componentele unui sistem economic au ostructur pentru calcularea operaiilor de ntreinere.

Operatorii trebuie s poat urmri pe un panousinoptic mare dispunerea reelei, cu afiarea celor maiimportante stri. Acest panou trebuie s poat oferi ovedere de ansamblu a ntregii reele, cu informaiileeseniale de stare, fra fi suprancrcat. Valorile destare de detaliu ale unor puncte sau poriuni se vorafia pe ecrane mai mici, care pot fi ale unormonitoare de calculator obinuite. Pe aceleai afiajede detalii trebuie s fie disponibile operatoruluianumite comenzi, ce pot iniia operaii aleelementelor de execuie de la distan. Afiareadatelor i a posibilelor elemente de comand,mpreun cu programele ce deservesc aceste funcii,asigur interfaa de operare.

n funcionarea unor reele este importanturmrirea tendinelor de variaii ale variabilelor destare, cu menionarea faptului c jurnalizarea datelor peanumite perioade de timp poate fi folosit i n scoppredictiv, pe lng faptul c pe baza unor analizeulterioare se pot depista unele probleme deadministrare. Din aceast cauz se va nregistra ntr-obaz de date o istorie a evenimentelor, care, pe lngvalorile de stare, va conine i eventualele alarme icomenzi date de operatori.

Urmrirea i analiza tendinelor este esenialpentru a putea lua deciziile corecte. Acest serviciu

presupune jurnalizarea datelor, pe de o parte, iar pe dealt parte, analize predictive. Acestea amndou suntlegate i de serviciile de afiare. Analizele de consum(care se pot deduce din valorile de stare) sunt utile

hardware - computers, printers, plotters,monitors, synoptic displays, smart processmanagement module, command module with

programmable logic, drives (disks and / or magnetictapes), etc.;

hardware - computers, printers, plotters,

monitors, synoptic displays, smart processmanagement module, command module withprogrammable logic, drives (disks and / or magnetictapes), etc.;

Components of communication -communication can be carried out in various ways:LAN - network cables (coaxial cables, UTP, optical),network cards, phone lines (leased or own), modems,terrestrial radio communication means; transceiverstations, transmission relay, satellite media, satellitetransceiver stations.

Components of online predictive maintenance

- all integrated in the SCADA equipment. Theoperations can be planned by number of hours ofoperation. The system has a tree structure for pre-notice and alert maintenance personnel on themaintenance operations to be performed.

Economic-system components have astructure for calculating the maintenance operations.

Operators must be ble to watch a big layout panelpresenting the synoptic network, the display of themost important states. This panel must be able to

provide an overview of the whole network, to statethe essential information without being overloaded.The status values detail the points or portions whichwill be displayed on small screens, these screens

being common computer monitors. Displaying thesame details should be available for operator specificcommands that can initiate operations for theelements of remote execution. Display data and

possible elements of command, along with programsthat serve these functions, ensure the operatinginterface.

In functioning of some nets it is important tomonitor variations tendencies of state variables,

mentioning the fact the data diaring on certain periodsof time maz be used also in a predictive purpose,beside the fact that based on subsequent analysis onemay depict some administration problems. Due tothis cause a history od the events will be recorde in adata base containing possible alarms and commandsgiven by the operator.

Tracking and trend analysis is essential to makethe right decisions. This service requires data loggingon the one hand and predictive analysis on the otherhand. They are both connected and bilingual services.

Analyses of consumption (which can be deducedfrom the values of state) are useful for detecting the

peak of consumption on a daily, weekly, monthly andannual basis of these data. They may set the


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pentru depistarea vrfurilor de consum zilnice,sptmnale, lunare i anuale; pe baza acestor date se

pot seta parametrii pentru analizele predictive,rezultatele acestora vor uura munca operatorilor.

Urmare a lurii unor decizii, operatorii vor iniiaanumite aciuni, acestea vor apela la serviciile de

lansare a comenzilor la distan. De asemenea, estenecesar urmrirea efecturii, sau cel puin afinalizrii comenzilor date.

Un serviciu legat de achiziia de date esteverificarea datelor fa de nite limite stabilitedinainte. Aceast verificare se face, de regul, local,nainte de a trimite datele sistemului central deprelucrare. Verificarea se face pentru ca datele s fievalide, teletransmisia s funcioneze, dac exist modde test pentru RTU, dac valorile au fost extrase dinbaza de date local, dac a aprut o eroare de calcul.Dac a aprut una din condiiile excepionale, se

declaneaz serviciul de alarmare.Un deziderat important este verificarea accesuluin sistem, acest lucru este efectuat de serviciul desecuritate, care permite accesul pe baz de parole. Lafiecare calculator sau terminal accesul este protejat iare un anumit nivel de acces. De asemenea, operatoriisistemului posed cte o parol, care d un anumitnivel de acces de la propriul calculator sau terminal.Accesul la sistem al unui operator de la un anumitterminal se face pe baza parolei proprii, drepturile deacces acordate de sistem fiind minimul dintredrepturile implicite ale terminalului i ale

operatorului.Dintre instrumentele de analiz ale unui sistem

SCADA un loc aparte l ocup serviciul de simulare.Acesta permite simularea reelei, ceea ce ofer,printre altele, avantajul c se pot monta mai puineelemente de msurare, deoarece simularea va permiteinterpolarea valorilor i n unele puncte n care nusunt montate asemenea instrumente. Pe de alt parte,tot sistemul de simulare permite analiza unor scenariide tip ce se ntmpl, dac. Acestea se pot referila impactul unor dezvoltri, extinderi de reele,efectul scderii presiunii datorit unei avarii ncazul unei reele de transport fluide, cderea uneistaii de transformare pentru cazul unei reeleelectrice, etc.

Cea mai important dintre ele este deschiderea.Deschiderea unui sistem este n partea covritoareasigurat de respectarea unor standarde. (Trebuie nsmenionat c exist i implementri, care nu respectaceast cerin, s-au elaborat sisteme proprietar, carens ofer interfee de conectare cu alte aplicaii.)Menirea deschiderii este posibilitatea conlucrrii cualte sisteme cum ar fi, de exemplu, sistemul

informatic al ntreprinderii, sistemul programelor deproiectare, sistemul de facturare a consumurilor, staiide lucru LAN/WAN, sisteme de comand distribuite,sisteme de conducere a fabricaiei, sisteme demodelare a proceselor, sisteme de optimizare, etc., i

parameters for predictive analysis and the results willease the work of operators.

As a consequence of taking decisions, theoperators will initiate some action; they will use theservices of launching remote commands. It is also

necessary to follow the performance, or at least thecompletion of orders data.

A service is related to the acquisition of data fromthe verification of some limits set in advance. Thischeck is usually local, before sending to the central

processing system the verification of valid data, ifthere is a test for RTU, with the values extracted fromthe local database. If one of the conditions appearedexceptional, service alarm is triggered.

An important goal is to verify the access to thesystem; this is done for security service, which allows

access based on password. Every computer orterminal access is protected and has an access level. Italso possesses one work password system, whichgives a certain level of access (from their computer orterminal). Access to a transmission system at a giventerminal is based on their password, access rightsgranted by the minimum of the rights implicit systemof the terminal and the operator.

The instruments of analysis of a SCADA systemoccupy a special place in the simulation service. Thisenables network simulation, which provides amongother advantages the one that can have low weight

items mounted; simulation allows interpolationvalues in some points. On the other hand, simulationallows system analysis scenarios of what if type.They may relate to the impact of developments,expansion of networks, the effect of decreasing

pressure due to damage in case of electrical networks,etc.

The most important is the opening. The openingof a system is the most important part ensured bymeeting several written standards (it should however

be mentioned that there are some implementationsnot meeting this requirement, owner systems wereelaborated not allowing conection interface with otherapplications). The aim of the opening is the

possibility to work with other systems - such as theinformatic system of enterprise, system of design

programs, system for invoicing consumers, workingstations LAN/WAN, distributed systems forcommand, systems for fabrication management,systems to model the proceses, optimization systemsetc. as well as the possibility to expand thefunctioning. The opening should be present both from

hardware (different hardware platforms), software(different operation systems and portabil code)communications (international written standards),data administration (such as meeting SAG SQLAcces Group standards) and applications


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posibilitatea extinderii funcionalitii. Deschidereatrebuie s fie prezent att din punct de vederehardware (platforme hardware diferite), software(sisteme de operare diferite i cod portabil),comunicaii (standarde internaionale i de facto), cti din punct de vedere al administrrii datelor (cum ar

fi, de exemplu, respectarea standardelor SAG SQLAcces Group) i al aplicaiilor (posibiliti deinterfaare i suport oferit pentru alte programe).Pentru a satisface aceast cerinn cazurile concretes-a optat n majoritatea cazurilor pentru arhitecturadeschisclient-server.

A doua cerin important este adaptabilitatea:posibilitatea de a configura componentele conformcerinelor concrete, chiar n cazul n care acestecerine se modific pe parcursul duratei de via asistemului; posibilitatea de a conecta noi echipamentesau programe la sistemul existent.

Punerea la dispoziie a datelor necesare n timputil este un alt deziderat foarte important, astfel pot filuate msuri utile (i de asemenea n timp util), carear provoca eventual accidente sau pur i simplureclamaii din partea unor clieni.

Securitatea i sigurana datelor este, de asemenea,foarte important, ptrunderea unor intrui nedorii nsistem pot duce la dezvluirea unor informaii defirm confideniale sau chiar la efectuarea de comenzide ctre intrui, ce pot provoca disfuncionalitigrave n sistem. De asemenea, este necesar punereala punct a unui sistem de arhivare, ca datele odat

nregistrate s poat fi consultate i ulterior n vedereaunor analize. Astfel, datele care s-au arhivat pot fiterse, acest lucru oferind spaiu de stocare eliberat

pentru sistem.Datele achiziionate trebuie s fie necesare i ct

mai puine posibil, ca sistemul s nu fie suprancrcatcu date inutile. n acelai timp, datele trebuie sreflecte ct mai exact starea reelei, iar sistemultreb u ie s p oat oferi o imagin e ct mai comp letasupra strilor, evenimentelor din reea. n aceeaiordine de idei, datele oferite de sistem trebuie s fieconforme cu normele i reglementrile n vigoare.

Sistemul trebuie:- s ofere posibilitatea depistrii rapide a

defeciunilor din reea, precum i a localizrii ct maiexacte ale acestora; - s poat oferi toate datelereferitoare la posibilele elemente implicate nremedierea defeciunii;

- s ofere o interfa prietenoas cu utilizatorii elementele cu funcii similare sau care se refer lalucruri similare s fie grupate;

- s ofere o disponibilitate ridicat. Acestdeziderat se poate realiza prin componen modular

i elemente redundante, precum i includerea deposibiliti de autotest, izolare i ocolire a modulelordefecte.

Deoarece implementarea unui sistem SCADA pescar larg presupune investiii foarte mari, problema

(possibilities to interface and support provided forother programs) points of view. To meet thisrequirement, in particular cases, open architectureclient-serverwas choosed in most situations.

The second important requirement is adaptability:

the ability to configure specific components asrequired, even if these requirements are changedduring the life of the system, ability to connect newequipment or software in the existing system.

Providing the necessary data in time is anotherimportant goal, so appropriate measures can be taken(and also in time), which would cause any accidentsor simply complaints from some customers.

Security and data security is also very important;the intrusion of unwanted intruders in the system canlead to disclosure of confidential company

information or to making orders by squatters, whichcan cause serious failures in the system. It is alsonecessary the development of an archiving system;the data can be recorded once and then consulted foranalysis. Thus, the data archived can be deleted; this

provides storage for system issued.

The data acquired must be necessary and as littleas possible the system should not be overloaded withunnecessary data. Meanwhile, data to closely reflectthe network status and the system can provide a morecomplete picture of the states, events on the network.

The data provided by the system must comply withrules and regulations.

The system should provide the possibility ofrapid discovery of network faults, and their accuratelocalization. It must also be able to provide all data onthe possible elements involved in rectifying the fault.

- to provide a user-friendly interface - elementswith similar functions or that refer to similar thingsare grouped.

- to provide a high availability - this goal can beachieved by modular components and redundantcomponents, and include opportunities for auto-test,isolation and circumvention of defective modules.

Since the implementation of a SCADA system onlarge scale requires huge investments, the question ofimplementing such a system should be developedgradually, the implementation of each phase leadingto a cash benefit. Also, in the design stage one canconsider the possibility of extending the system, bothin terms of increasing the number of measurement

points and extend the functionality of the system.

As some parts of the system can be critical, thereshould not be accepted cheap products because theseproducts ensure the quality and reliability required.

Since the implementation of a SCADA system ona wide scale implies large investments, the


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implementrii unui astfel de sistem trebuie conceputtreptat, implementarea fiecrei faze trebuie sconduc la un beneficiu traductibil n bani. Deasemenea, nc din faza de proiectare trebuie inutcont de posibilitatea extinderii sistemului, att n ceeace privete creterea numrului de puncte de

msurare, ct i extinderea funcionalitii sistemului.n cursu l fazei de concep ie se va ap ela laconsultani externi sau seva coopera strns cu viitorulfurnizor, astfel evitndu-se eventualele scpri aleproiectrii. Deoarece unele pri ale sistemului pot ficritice, nu trebuie acceptate produsele ieftine, care nuasigur calitatea sau fiabilitatea necesar.

Conducerea firmei trebuie convins de utilitateaintroducerii unui astfel de sistem prin demonstrareaavantajelor materiale i a posibilitii implementriitreptate. Este posibil ca utilizatorii s arate reticenfa de un sistem complet nou, cu care nu s-au

obinuit s lucreze, din aceast cauz ei trebuieeducai n avans cu introducerea n exploatare asistemului. De asemenea, cu introducerea de elementenoi, utilizatorii trebuie s tie dinainte ce sunt acesteai care este rolul lor. ntr-un cuvnt: educareamanagementului i a utilizatorilor este bazasuccesului oricrui proiect de implementare SCADA.

Pentru implementarea, exploatarea i ntreinereasistemului trebuie definite clar scopurile urmrite,trebuie stabilite sarcinile de efectuat i persoanelecare se vor ocupa de aceste probleme. Drepturile deacces ale acestor persoane trebuie, de asemenea,

delimitate foarte strict i clar. Pentru a asistafuncionarea sistemului SCADA se va forma o echipde intervenie, care, n caz de evenimenteexcepionale, poate s efectueze reparaiile necesare,iar periodic va face ntreinerea echipamentelor. Daceste nevoie sau dac este mai convenabil din punct devedere economic, aceast echip poate fi de la o firmspecializat.

4. MONITORIZAREA LA DISTAN

Aplicaia a fost structuratastfel nct coninutulsueste omogen iutilizarea acesteia s fieintuitiv,reuind astfel s realizeze o interfa user-frendly

pentru orice vizitator care o poate folosi chiar ifrpregtiretehnic.

Este cunoscut faptul c sistemele HMI/SCADAcare nu sunt bazate pe web, au dificulti na trimitefiiere grafice mari pe Internet. Monitorizarea ladistan utilizeaz SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)

pentru animaie grafic. Un fisier SVG este undocument XML cu tag-uri grafice pe formatul defiier pentru Web, care s i permit s menin

dimensiunile reduse irezoluia(figura 3).Aplicaia permite vizualizarea detaliilorinstalaiei, utilizatorul are posibilitatea de a mri saumicoracomponente n zona dorit (figura 4).

Animaia de baz SCADA este format din

implementation problem of such a system need togradually developed, the implementation of each

phase need to lead to a money benefit. Since thedesigning phase it also need to consider the

possibility to expand the system both by increasingthe number of measurement points and by extending

the functionality of the system.In design phase external experts will be taken orclose cooperation with the future suppliers will beconsidered, thus avoining possible desing overlooks.Since some parts of the system may be critical, nocheap products will be accepted, because they do notensure the necessary quality and fiability.

The management need to be convinced about theutility of introducing such system by demonstratingthe material advantages and the step-by-stepimplementation. It is possible for the users to showreticence towards a completely new system, not

acostom to work with; for this reason they should betrained prior system installation. By introducing newelements, the users must know in advance about themand about their role. In one word: the managementand the users training represent the base for successof each implementation of SCADA.

For the implementation, operation andmaintenance of the system one must clearly define

purposes, set tasks to perform and people will dealwith these issues. Access rights of these people mustalso be very strictly and clearly defined. To assist theoperation of SCADA system will form an

intervention team, which in case of exceptionalevents can perform necessary repairs and regularmaintenance of equipment. If you need or if it is moreconvenient from the point of view, this team may bespecialized.

4. LONG DISTANCE MONITORING

The application was structured so that its contentis homogeneous and its use intuitive, thus managingto achieve a friendly user interfaces for any visitor,able to be used even without technical training.

It is widely known that HMI/SCADA systemsthat are not web-based have difficulty in sending theirlarge graphic files across the Internet. Long distancemonitoring uses SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) forgraphic animation SVG is an XML-based graphicsfile format for the Web allowing it to maintain itssmall size and resolution(figure 3).

The application allows viewing of the installationdetails, the user has the ability to increase or decreasethe components in the desired area (figure 4).

Basic SCADA animation consists of ColorIndication, Rotation, Bar (Level), Movement, Text(Data), Opacity (Hide/Show)

We have developed a method for real-time SVGanimation. We support Internet Explorer 8 and


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Indicarea Culorii, Rotaie, Bar (Nivel), Micarii, Text(date), Opacitate (Ascundere/Afiare).

Am dezvoltat o metodde animaieSVG n timpreal. Are suport n Internet Explorer 8 iFirefox 3.5.Pentru vizualizarea n Internet Explorer este nevoiesinstalaiAdobe SVG Viewer.

Firefox 3.5. You will need to install Adobe SVGViewer for viewing SVG in Internet Explorer.

Figura 3.InterfaaHMI pentru monitorizareFigure 3. HMI interface for monitoring


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Figura 4.Componentele mriteFigure 4. Components zoom in

Dezvoltarea unui proiect SCADA este similarcu dezvoltarea unui site. Dezvoltatorul va folosi

diverse instrumente pentru a construi site-ul/proiectul.Avnd n vedere c aplicaia este bazat pe

standarde web, interfaa cu clientul este n modevident construit n standarde HTML. Limbajulde scriptare utilizat este bazat pe standard-ulJavaScript.

O baz de date este o cerin de baz ntr-oaplicaieSCADA, de obicei folositpentru a stocadate pentru Evenimente, Alarme sau raporturi dearhivare. S-a fost folosit MySql, una din lume celemai populare baze de date open source.

Inkscape este un puternic editor SVG carepoate produce mimica ntr-un mod foarteimpresionant, niciunul dintre principalii furnizoriSCADA nu ar putea genera ceva asemntoreditorului Inkscape.

Contul de utilizator este un Cont de gestionare,n care inginerul ar putea aduga noi utilizatori iseta previlegiile lor (nivel de acces) n proiect.Acest nivel de securitate este aplicabil pe front-end numai, de exemplu, atunci cnd cererea estedepus prin intermediul cererii http. Odat ceautentificarea este fcut, browser-ul va menine

date securizate."Footer"-ul este folosit, n principal, pentru

afiarea de alarm/eveniment. Afiarea footer-ului poate fi omis n cazul n care utilizatorul nudorete s fie afiate tot timpul, n partea de jos,cele mai recente alarme.

Vizualizarea alarmelor este o paginn care selisteaz toate alarmele, i permite operatorului svizualizeze, s recunoasc i s urmreascistoricul evenimentelor. Acestea fac parte dinpagina de baz, dar pot fi eliminate dac nu suntnecesare.

Timer poate fi descris ca motor alsistemului, multe taskuri nu pot rula independentfr Timer ca declanator. Existdoutipuri detimer, unul este "Interval", care este destul desimplu, i al doilea este tip "Program". Conceptulde intrare n lista Timer este folosit pentru a

programa comenzi ce vor fi executate periodic.Generarea rapoartelor sau printarea pentru mai

multe sisteme HMI/SCADA poate fi un comar,nu numai car putea fi dificil de a le genera, dar ar

putea fi inesigure. Spre deosebire de alte sisteme

HMI/SCADA, putem avea cu uurin afiatedatele pentru printare pe partea de client.

5.CONCLUZII

Development of a SCADA project is similar towebsite development. The developer will use

various tools to build the website/project.Since the application is a standard web server,the front end is obviously built based on HTMLcode. The scripting language used is base onstandard JavaScript.

A database is a basic requirement in a SCADAapplication. Typically used to store data forTrending, Alarms, Tag Persistence or ReportArchiving, MySql, the world's most popular opensource database was used.

Inkscape is a powerful SVG editor that canproduce very impressive mimic; none of the

existing SCADA vendors could generate anythingclose to Inkscape.User is an Account Management section

where engineer could add user and its privilege(access level) into project. This security levelchecking is applicable on front end only, i.e., whenrequest is submitted via http request from clientside scripts. Once a login is granted, browser willmaintain the security credential.

The "footer" is mainly used for holding thealarm/event bar. Footer can be omitted if end userdoes not need to have latest alarm displayed at the

bottom at all time.Alarm Viewer is one full page of alarm listing

that allows operator to view, acknowledge andtrack historical alarm. It is part of the default page

but can be removed if not needed.Timer can be described as the engine of the

system, many task cannot run independentlywithout Timer as trigger. There are two types oftimer, one is 'Interval' which is fairlystraightforward and the other type is 'Schedule'.The concept of entry for Schedule Timer is used toschedule commands to be executed periodically.

Report generation or printing for manyordinary HMI/SCADA can be a nightmare, notonly it could be difficult to generate but yet could

be unreliable. Unlike other HMI/SCADA system,we can easily have the displayed data printed onclient side.

CONCLUSION

The system for pumping station made us bringthese extra benefits, compared to other systems:

- fault detection and on-line location;- friendly interface with human operators;- economic calculation on the cost of maintenanceoperations.- reduction of CO2.


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Sistemul pentru staia de pompare a fcut sne aduc aceste beneficii suplimentare, ncomparaiecu alte sisteme:- detectarea ilocalizarea defectelor on-line;- interfa prietenoascu operatori umani;- calculul economic privind costul operaiunilor

de ntreinere;- reducerea emisiilor de CO2;- optimizarea consumului de energie electric;- tehnologia SVG prezint un mare avantaj pentruHMI, mrimea imaginii fiind ajustabil automat nfuncie de display-ul pe care se face vizualizarea;grafica componentelor este superioar.

BIBLIOGRAFIE

[1] Areny R.P., Webster J.G. Sensors andSignal Conditionin,. Wiley-Interscience

Publication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA, 1991.[2] Maohai, W., Yuanzhang, S., A PracticalMethod to Improve and Power MeasurementAccuracy of DFT Algorithm, IEEE Transactionson Power Delivery, vol. 21, no.3/2006, pp. 1054-1062

[3] Dobriceanu M., Bitoleanu A., Popescu M.,Practical Aspects Concerning the Monitoring ofthe Machines Drives in Industrial Process, 12thInternational Symposium on Power Electronics Ee 2003, Novi Sad, Serbia & Montenegro,

November 5 -7, 2003, pp. 49.

[4] Lopez, A., a.o., Power System FrequencyMeasurement under Nonstationary Situations,IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 23,no.2/2008, pp. 562-568

[5] G. Vldut, P.M. Nicolae, L. Mandache, C.Cojocaru, I. Purcaru, Equipment for measuring ofsome parameters that characterize the electricenergy quality, ICATE 2004, Bile HerculaneInternational Conference.

[6] Smith, B.C., Arrillaga, J., a.o.,A Review ofIterative Harmonic Analysisfor ac-dc PowerSystems, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,vol. 13, no.1/1998, pp. 180-185

[7] Katsaprakakis, D.A., Christakis, D.G.,Zervos, A., Voutsinas, S., A Power-Quality

Measure, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,vol. 23, no.2/2008, pp. 553-561

[8] Singh, B., Gairola, S., a.o., Multipulse ac-dc Converters for Improving Power Quality: A

Review, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol.23, no.1/2008, pp. 260-278

[9] Dobriceanu M., Bitoleanu Alex., PopescuM., Linc M., The usage a programmable logic

controller (PLC) for the control of great capacityexcavators from carbon exploitations, 11-thInternational Power Electronics and MotionControl Conference, EPE PEMC 2004, 2-4September 2004, Riga, LATVIA, page 54.

- optimizing electrical energy consumption.- the SVG technology presents a great advantagefor the HMI, the size of the image beingautomatically adjustable considering the displayon which it is visualized.- the graphic of the components is superior.

REFERENCES

[1] Areny R.P., Webster J.G. Sensors andSignal Conditionin,. Wiley-IntersciencePublication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA, 1991.

[2] Maohai, W., Yuanzhang, S., A PracticalMethod to Improve and Power MeasurementAccuracy of DFT Algorithm, IEEE Transactionson Power Delivery, vol. 21, no.3/2006, pp. 1054-1062

[3] Dobriceanu M., Bitoleanu A., Popescu

M., Practical Aspects Concerning the Monitoringof the Machines Drives in Industrial Process,12thInternational Symposium on Power Electronics Ee 2003, Novi Sad, Serbia & Montenegro,

November 5 -7, 2003, pp. 49.[4] Lopez, A., a.o., Power System Frequency

Measurement under Nonstationary Situations,IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 23,no.2/2008, pp. 562-568

[5] G. Vldut, P.M. Nicolae, L. Mandache, C.Cojocaru, I. Purcaru, Equipment for measuring ofsome parameters that characterize the electric

energy quality, ICATE 2004, Bile HerculaneInternational Conference.

[6] Smith, B.C., Arrillaga, J., a.o.,A Review ofIterative Harmonic Analysisfor ac-dc PowerSystems, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,vol. 13, no.1/1998, pp. 180-185

[7] Katsaprakakis, D.A., Christakis, D.G.,Zervos, A., Voutsinas, S., A Power-Quality

Measure, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,vol. 23, no.2/2008, pp. 553-561

[8] Singh, B., Gairola, S., a.o., Multipulse ac-dc Converters for Improving Power Quality: A

Review, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,vol.23, no.1/2008, pp. 260-278

[9] Dobriceanu M., Bitoleanu Alex., PopescuM., Linc M., The usage a programmable logiccontroller (PLC) for the control of great capacityexcavators from carbon exploitations, 11-thInternational Power Electronics and MotionControl Conference, EPE PEMC 2004, 2-4September 2004, Riga, LATVIA, page 54.

[10] Dobriceanu M., Bitoleanu Alex., PopescuM., Linc M.; The Dispatching of the Energetic

Activity in Industrial Processes using DataAcquisition Equipments, International AegeanConference on ElectricalMachines and PowerElectronics ACEMP 2004, Istanbul, Turkey,May 26-28, 2004, pp.492-497.


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[10] Dobriceanu M., Bitoleanu Alex., PopescuM., Linc M.; The Dispatching of the Energetic

Activity in Industrial Processes using DataAcquisition Equipments, International AegeanConference on ElectricalMachines and PowerElectronics ACEMP 2004, Istanbul, Turkey,

May 26-28, 2004, pp.492-497.[11] Dobriceanu M., Bitoleanu Alex., PopescuM., Linc M.; Energetic data acquisitionequipment in industrial process, Symposium onPower Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation& Motion, - SPEEDAM 2004, Short PapersProceedings, 2nd Volume, Capri, Italy, June, 16th

18th, 2004, pp. TID-5TID-8.[12] Dobriceanu M., DataAcquisition Systems

and Microprocessors (Ro), Ed. UniversitariaCraiova, 2003, pp.304.

[13] Dobriceanu M., Introduction in Virtual

Instrumentation and LabVIEW (Ro), Ed.Universitaria Craiova, 2005. pp. 218.[14] Pop E., Leba M., Microcontrollers and

PLCs (Ro), Ed. Didactic i Pedagogic,Bucureti, 2003.

[15] Nicolae, P.M., Distorting andUnbalanced Working Regimes A Possible

Diagnosis Method, Revue Roumaine des SciencesTechiques, Serie Electrotecnique et Energetique,no. 1/2007, Bucharest, pp.13-22

Revizia tiinific:

Dr.Drago BOICIUC, cercettor tiinific I,Director tiinific ROLAB

Despre autori:

Gabriel VLDU doctor inginer, cercettortiinific gradul II, director SC IPA SA,sucursala Craiova, email: [email protected]

Marius FETOIU doctorand inginer, cercettortiinific gradul III la SC IPA SA, sucursalaCraiova, email :[email protected]

Valentin ISTRATIE doctorand inginer, asistentcercetare la SC IPA SA, sucursala Craiova,email:[email protected]

[11] Dobriceanu M., Bitoleanu Alex., PopescuM., Linc M.; Energetic data acquisitionequipment in industrial process, Symposium onPower Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation& Motion, - SPEEDAM 2004, Short PapersProceedings, 2nd Volume, Capri, Italy, June, 16th

18th, 2004, pp. TID-5TID-8.[12] Dobriceanu M., DataAcquisition Systemsand Microprocessors (Ro), Ed. UniversitariaCraiova, 2003, pp.304.

[13] Dobriceanu M., Introduction in VirtualInstrumentation and LabVIEW (Ro), Ed.Universitaria Craiova, 2005. pp. 218.

[14] Pop E., Leba M., Microcontrollers andPLCs (Ro), Ed. Didactic i Pedagogic,Bucureti, 2003.

[15] Nicolae, P.M., Distorting andUnbalanced Working Regimes A Possible

Diagnosis Method, Revue Roumaine des SciencesTechiques, Serie Electrotecnique et Energetique,no. 1/2007, Bucharest, pp.13-22

Scientific revue:

Dr.Drago BOICIUC, scientific researcher Istdegree, Scientific Director ROLAB

About the autors:

Gabriel VLDU doctor engineer, scientific

researcher 2rd degree, director of SC IPA SACraiova subsidiary, email:[email protected]

Marius FETOIU doctorand engineer, scientificresearcher 3rd degree,SC IPA SA Craiovasubsidiary email:[email protected]

Valentin ISTRATIE doctorand engineer,research assistent of SC IPA SA Craiovasubsidiary,n email:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

2011 2 04 Sistem Inteligent

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