1) Crearea unei hărți

7/21/2019 1) Crearea unei hri

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Crearea unei hri

QGIS Tutorials and Tips

AuthorUjaval Gandhi

http://google.com/+UjavalGandhi

Translations by

Sorin Clinic

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_UShttp://google.com/+UjavalGandhi


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Crearea unei HriDe multe ori este necesar crearea unei hri, care s poat fi imprimat sau publicat.QGIS deine un instrument puternic, denumit Compozitorul de hri, care v permite sluai straturile GIS i s le mpachetai pentru a crea hri.

Privire de ansamblu asupra activitiiThe tutorial shows how to create a map of Japan with standard map elements like mapinset, grids, north arrow, scale bar and labels.

Other skills you will learn

Using 'on-the-fly' CRS transformation to visualize your data in a differentprojection.

Obinerea datelor

Vom folosi setul de date Natural Earth - n special Natural Earth Quick Start Kit, carevine cu straturi globale, frumos stilizate, i care pot fi ncrcate direct n QGIS.Descrcai Natural Earth Quickstart Kit.Sursa de date [NATURALEARTH]

Procedura

1. Descrcai i extragei datele Natural Earth Quick Start Kit. Deschidei QGIS. Faceiclic pe File Open Project.
http://kelso.it/x/nequickstart


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2. Rsfoii directorul n care ai extras datele Natural Earth. Ar trebui s vedei unfiier numit Natural_Earth_quick_start_for_QGIS.qgs. Acesta este fiierul proiect,care conine straturi stilizate, n formate specifice QGIS. Clic pe Open.


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3. n interiorul cuprinsului, vor aprea o mulime de straturi, iar pe suportul deprezentare al QGIS va fi expus o hart stilizat a lumii. Dac observai erori npartea de sus a ferestrei, facei clic pe butonul de nchidere.


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4. n acest tutorial, vom elabora o hart a Japoniei. Facei clic pe butonul Zoom In idesenai un dreptunghi n jurul Japoniei, pentru a mri zona respectiv.


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5. You can turn off some map layers for data that we do not need for this map.Un-check the box next to 10m_geography_marine_polys and10m_admin_0_map_units layers. Before we make a map suitable for printing, weneed to choose an appropriate projection. This dataset comes in GeographicCoordinate System (GCS) where the units are degrees. This is not appropriate for amap where you want the distances to be in kilometers or miles. We need to use aProjected Coordinate System that minimizes distortions for our region of interestand has units in meters. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a decent choice fora projected coordinate system. It is also global, so it's a good default that you canrely on and choose a UTM zone that contains your area of interest to minimizedistortions for your region. In our case, we will use UTM Zone 54N. Click the CRSStatus button at the bottom-right of the QGIS window.

Note

Japan Plane Rectangular CSJ este un sistem de coordonate de referin (CRS) proiectatpentru distorsiuni minime. Acesta este mprit n 18 zone, iar dac lucrai n regiunimai mici din Japonia, este foarte bine s folosii acest CRS.


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6. Bifai Enable on-the-fly CRS Transformation. Introducei Tokyo utm zone54n ncaseta de cutare Filter. O dat ce au aprut rezultatele, selectai Tokyo / UTMZone 54N - EPSG:3095. Clic pe Apply.


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7. Now we can start to assemble our map. Go to Project New Print Composer.


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8. You will be prompted to enter a title for the composer. You can leave it empty andclick Ok.

Note

Leaving the composer name empty will assign a default name such as Composer 1.

10. In the Print Composer window, click on Zoom full to display the full extent of theLayout. Now we would have to bring the map view that we see in the QGIS Canvasto the composer. Go to Layout Add Map.


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11. O dat ce Add Map s-a activat, inei apsat butonul stng al mouse-ului i glisai,pentru a se desena un dreptunghi n zona n care se dorete inserarea hrii.


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12. You will see that the rectangle window will be rendered with the map from themain QGIS canvas. The rendered map may not be covering the full extent of ourinterest area. Select Layout Move item content to pan the map in the window andcenter it in the composer.


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14. Now we will add a map inset that shows a zoomed in view for the Tokyo area.Before we make any changes to the layers in the main QGIS window, check theLock layers for map item and Lock layer styles for map item boxes. This will ensurethat if we turn off some layers or change their styles, this view will not change.


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15. Switch to the main QGIS window. Use the Zoom In button to zoom to the areaaround Tokyo.


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16. There are some duplicate labels coming from the ne_10m_populated_placeslayer. You can turn it off for this view.


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17. We are now ready to add the map inset. Switch the the Print Composer window. Goto Layout Add Map.


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19. One neat feature of the Print Composer is that it can automatically highlight thearea from the main map which is represented in our inset. Select theMap 0 objectfrom the Items panel. In the Item properties tab, scroll down to the Overviewssection. Click the Add a new overview button.


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20. SelectMap 1 as the Map Frame. What this is telling the Print Composer is that itmust highlight our current objectMap 0 with the extent of the map shown in the

Map 1 object.


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21. Now that we have the map inset ready, we will add a grid and zebra border to themain map. Select theMap 0 object from the Items panel. In the Item propertiestab, scroll down to the Grids section. Click the Add a new grid button.


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22. By default, the grid lines use the same units and projections as the currentlyselected map projections. However, it is more common and useful to display gridlines in degrees. We can select a different CRS for the grid. Click on the change...button next to CRS.


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23. In the Coordinate Reference System Selector dialog, enter 4326 in the Filter box.From the results, select the WGS84 EPSG:4326 as the CRS. Click OK.


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24. Select the Interval values as 5 degrees in both X and Y direction. You can adjustthe Offset to change where the grid lines appear.


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25. Scroll down to the Grid frame section and select a frame style that suits your taste.Also check the Draw coordinates box.


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26. Adjust the Distance to map frame till the coordinates are legible. Change theCoordinate precision to 1 so the coordinates are displayed only upto the firstdecimal.


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27. Now we will add a North Arrow to the map. The Print Composer comes with a nicecollection of map-related images - including many types of North Arrows. ClickLayout Add Image.


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28. innd apsat butonul stng al mouse-ului, trasai un dreptunghi n colul dindreapta sus al suportului hrii. n panoul din dreapta, facei clic pe Item Propertiesi expandai seciunea Search directories, apoi selectai imaginea preferat pentruSgeata Nordului.


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29. Urmeaz adugarea unui indicator de scar. Facei clic pe Layout Add Scalebar.


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30. Click on the layout where you want the scalebar to appear. In the Item Propertiestab, make sure you have chosen the correct map element for which to display thescalebar. Choose the Style that fit your requirement. In the Segments panel, youcan adjust the number of segments and their size.


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31. It is time to label our map. Click on Layout Add Label.


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32. Facei clic pe hart i desenai caseta n care va trebui s apar eticheta. n fila ItemProperties expandai seciunea Label i introducei textul, asa cum se arat mai

jos. La fel de bine, putei introduce text n format HTML. n acest caz, bifaiopiunea Render as Html, astfel nct compozitorul s poat interpreta tag-urileHTML.

Map of Japan


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33. Similarly add another label to add the data and software credits.


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34. O dat ce suntei mulumii de hart, o putei exporta sub form de imagine, PDFsau SVG. n acest tutorial, o vom exporta ca imagine. Clic pe Composer Export asImage.


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35. Salvai imaginea ntr-un format care este pe placul dumneavoastr. Mai jos,imaginea este exportat ca PNG.


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