h2=V A

V P=4ST

2

SP R=

V G+V MG

V P

Pt. m performante

Pm=G+MG+∑M S

m

Perf.grup. de fiice la speciile unipare

Pm=12AT+

∑ M S

m

Prop. Variantei: Prop.Covariantei

Var ( x )=V x Cov ( x , y+z )=Cov ( x , y )+Cov (x , z )Var (c )=0 Cov ( x , x )=V x

Var (c ∙ x )=c2 ∙V x Cov ( x , c ∙ y )=c ∙Cov ( x , y )

Var ( x+ y )=V x+V y Cov ( x , c ∙ x )=c ∙V x