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Fruit wall system
4 May 2011Erik Buitenhuis
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Introduction
Fruit wall system or Le Mur Fruitier
Mechanical pruning
Experiences from all across Europe
Philosophy: keep it simple
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Introduction
Since 2006
Orchards that were pruned mechanically for 5 years
Question that time: is it possible
Answer now: yes
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Why change to fruit wall?
Financial reasons
Organisation: more surface, more pears
Fruit growing needs a lot of handwork
No alternative for older orchards
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Principles
Important principles for fruit wall:
Fruitwall: no volume but square meters
Fruit easy to reach lower cost price
Quality and production should be the same
Picking robot?
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Principles (Ctifl/EFM)
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Principles
Theoretical production:
(H x LR x NR x 2) x NF x AFW / 1.000.000
H = height of tree -0,50 cm
Height : distance between rows = 1:1
LR = length of rows
NR = number of rows per hectare NF = number of fruits per m2 on one side
AFW = average fruit weight
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Principles
Example:
Distance between rows: 3,5 m 28 rijen
Length: 100 m
Height: 3,5 -0,50 3 NF = 25 fruits per m2
AFW = 170 gram
(2,75 x 100 x 30 x 2) x 25 x 170 /1.000.000 = 71 ton per hectare
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Principles
2009
Elstar, planted in spring 2000
3,50 x 1 m; mechanical pruned since 2001
No correction, no thinningWhat will happen?
Elstar Manual MechanicalFruits per tree 117 178
Number > 65 mm 114 139
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Changing
First time before blooming
Distance: maximum 40 cm, at the top 25-30 cm
Second time: end of May-begin of June in the sameyear
Distance: maximum 40 cm, at the top 25-30 cm
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Changing (foto: EFM)
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Changing
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Changing
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Changing (i.s.m. DLV Plant)
Jonagored, 3,25 x 1 meter
8thyear of growth; start mechanical pruning 2010
Object Kilo per tree Number offruits
Averagefruitweight
Winter 14,6 76 193
Winter + summer 19,9 93 214
Summer 18,7 109 171
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Changing
Elstar, 2009 in third year of growth
3,50 x 1 m
Elstar Fruits/tree Fruits > 65 mm1. Handpruned+ 2x ATS 100 91
2. Winter (februari) 96 72
3. Pink bud 103 87
4. 6-8 leaves 150 65
5. 6-8 leaves + 2x ATS 118 102
6. 10-12 leaves 150 109
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Summer
In Europe different moments of pruning
Around 10-12 new leaves
Pink bud
8th
leave Netherlands and Belgium
Winter
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Summer
Moment around 6-8 leaves
Distance max. 40 cm; boven 25-30 cm
Count number of fruits per m2
3 reasons:
1. Flower buds2. Short, compact structure
3. Fruits on outside of tree
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Summer
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Summer
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Summer
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Summer
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Summer
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Summer
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Summer
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Summer
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Summer(foto: Gerhard Baab)
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Summer
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Summer (foto: DLV Plant)
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Experiences
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Experiences
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Experiences
Bi-annual effect less big
Higher productions
More uniform quality
Less sunburn
More kilos per hour picked
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Experiences
Picking time few days later
Important to keep tree vital
Thinning more important
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Experiences
Discussion about correction by hand:
Braeburn: 15 tot 25 hours per hectare
Golden: 40 hours per hectare
Jonagold: 10 tot 15 hours per hectare
Do nothing? in general: reduction of 50-90%
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Experiences
Be carefull with correction by hand
focus on weak growing branches
Make sure that there will be a wall of fruits!!!
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Experiences
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Experiences
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Experiences
Elstar; 2ndyear mechanical pruned
12thyear of growth: 3,5 x 1,2 m
Thinned with Darwin thinning machine (8,1 km/hour)
Object Kg/tree Number of fruits
Averagefruitweight
% > 70 mm
Hand/260 25,5 164 156 88%Mech/260 27,2 158 173 90%
Mech/250 +
correction23,9 143 167 92%
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Darwin
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Before thinning at Gala
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After thinning at Gala
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Darwin
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Thinning with Darwin
Braeburn, 6th year of growth
Planting distance: 3,25 x 0,8 m
Rpm of Darwin: 260
Speed: 8,1 km/hourObject Kilo/tree Fruits per
treeAverage
fruitweight
Control 24,6 182 135
Darwin 13,5 79 171
Darwin + 1xATS + 1x BA
8,7 42 207
3x ATS + 1x BA 14,2 90 158
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Mechanical thinning
Advantages:
Thinning effect immideately visable
For all varieties possible Independent of weathter
Stopping bi-annual effect
Combination possible with chemical
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Mechanical thinning
Disadvantages:
Early moment of use
Possible damage of leaves Stronger natural fall of fruits in June
Shape of tree adapted to machine
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Fruitwall
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Mechanical thinning
Gala, 8th year of growth; 3 x 1 m
3rd year mechanical prunde
Harvest 2010
Object Fruits per tree
Handpruned without thinning 163
Hand +1x ATS + BA 131
Mech. pruned + Darwin 220 127
Mech. pruned + Darwin 230 113
Mech. pruned + Darwin 240 91
Mech. pruned + 1x ATS + BA 122
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Supporting system
Do not underestimate the importancy of a goodconstruction/supporting system
Trees good fixated .
Better bamboos then only wires
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Supporting system
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Supporting system
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Conclusion
Anser now: fruit wall system is possible
High productions higher profits
More efficiency
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Conclusion
Important to keep in mind:
Not a standard recepy
Each orchard is different
Some older orchards do not have ideal plantingdistances.
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Planting system
Diplod: in row not wider than dan 80 cm
Triplod: in row not wider than 100 cm
Height : distance between rows = 1:1
Minimum 14.000m2
wall per hectare
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Planting system
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Planting system
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Planting system
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Planting system
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Questions ?
Thanks for your attention
Erik Buitenhuis
EB Fruit Projects [email protected]
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