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'( Studiu co%parati)
BMW 3er (E36)
Ci*indree '"+, c%-.
utere +#/0$""##rp%
A*e1a2 3& %%
Curs4 56 %%
Raport de co%pri%are +(5
Cup*u %a7$tura8ie '"#N%$.+## rp%
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Peugeut 308 SW I
Ci*indree '"+3c%-.
utere +# /0$,### rp%
A*e1a2 55 %%
Curs4 3"(3 %%Raport de co%pri%are ''
Cup*u %a7$tura8ie ',#N%$&6"# rp%
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Mini Cooper II
Ci*indree '"+3 c%-.
utere +#/0$,### rp%
A*e1a2 55%%
Curs4 5"(3%%Raport de co%pri%are ''
Cup*u %a7$tura8ie ',#N%$,### rp%
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Seat Leon
Ci*indree '.+3c%-.
utere +# /0$",##rp%
A*e1a2 5,("%%
Curs4 5"(, %%Raport de co%pri%are ''
Cup*u %a7$tura8ie 6## N%$.3## rp%
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Audi A1
Ci*indree '.+3 c%-.
utere +# /0$"### rp%
A*e1a2 5' %%
Curs4 3& %%
Raport de co%pri%are ''9#!'
Cup*u %a7$tura8ie +. N%$.,## rp%
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6( Ca*cu*u* ter%ic
Calculul teric al unui otor! cuno"cut #i "u$ denuirea de % calculul ciclului de lucrual otorului %! "e e&ectuea'a n "copul deterinri anticipate a paraetrilo proce"elor cicluluiotor! a indicilor energetici #i de econoicitate! a pre"iunii ga'elor n cilindrii otorului* Ace"tedate ale cilculului perit "ta$ilirea dien"iunilor &undaentale ale otorului! tra"area diagraeiindicate #i e&ectuarea calculelor de re'i"ten+ a principalelor pie"e ale otorului* , etod utili'at e"te etoda n$un+it a lui -rine.e+/i! care con"tituie o etod decalcul analitic prin corectarea diagraei ciclului teoretic de re&erin+* Acea"t etod "e poate aplica att in "tadiul de proiectare! ct #i n cel de per&ec+ionarea prototipului* atele ini+iale nece"are pentru calculul ciclului de lucru al unui otor n "tare de
proiect "e e"tiea' dup re'ultatele cercetrilor e&ectuate pe otoare analoage* Coinciden+are'ultatelor calculului cu acelor o$+inute prin ncercarea otorului depinde de alegera corecta paraetrilor ini+iali! e"tiate di&icil ndeo"e$i cnd "e reali'ea' otoarele de con"truc+ieoriginal*
2n cele ce urea' "e pre'int calculul teric al otorului a.nd uratoarelecaracteri"tici
40 /5 40000 W 1*7 CP
00 rot9ini : 7 nuarul de cilindrii
'(' A*e:erea para%etri*or initia*i!
;eperatura initiala 43 <
Pre"iunea initiala
;eperatura ga'elor re'iduale 40 < (400 = 1000) Coe&icientul de e>ce" de aer λ = 1 (0*8 = 1) ?aportul de copriare ε = 10 (@* = 11)
Pn:
nn :
T0=
p0= 10103 9
Tr=
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Pre"iunea re'iduala (10 = 1)
1! Paraetrii proce"ului de "ci$are a ga'elor
Se alege uratoarele arii Pre"iunea la "&ar"itul adi"iei (@0 = 40)
Preincal'irea ae"tecului ∆T = 0 < (1 = 70)
Coe&icientul de po"tuplere 10 (1*0 = 1*)
Se calculea'a
Coeficientul gazelor reziduale:
0*0077
Temperatura la sfarsitul admisiei va fi:
31*@8 <
Coeficientul de umplere:
10*6@
pr= 10103 9
pa= 80103 9
υp=
γ r=T
0+ ΔT
T r
⋅ p
r
ε⋅ pa⋅ν
p− p
r
=293+30950
⋅105⋅103
7 .5⋅80⋅103⋅1.05−105⋅103=
T a=T
0+ ΔT +γ
r⋅T
r
1+γ r
=293+30+0 .0680⋅950
1+0 .0680=
ηV = p
r⋅T
0
p0⋅T
a
⋅ ε
ε−1⋅
υ p
1+γ r
=105⋅10
3⋅293
102⋅103⋅362. 92
⋅ 7 . 5
7 . 5−1⋅
1 . 0 5
1+0. 0680=
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Se adopta pentru coe&icientul politropic de copriare 1.3
(1*3 = 1*34)
!resiunea la sfarsitul comprimarii:
1463@6@*13780
Temperatura la sfarsitul comprimarii:
@@*1 <
"e adopta urmatoarea compozitie a #enzinei:
c: 0*87 /g 1!7 Paraetrii proce"ului de ardere : 0*17 /g
o: 0*007 /gDi: 7300 <9/g
Se .or ai alege uratorii paraetrii
coe&icientul de utili'are a caldurii F: 0*44 a"a olara a co$u"ti$ilului Mc: 19117
$erul minim necesar arderii a 1 %g de com#usti#il se calculeaza :
0*0746 /ol aer9/g co$
n1=
9 pc= pa⋅ε
n1=80⋅103 ¿7. 51.33=
T c=T
a⋅ε
n1−1
=362 .92⋅7 .51 . 3 3−1
=
Lmin= 1
0,21 ( c
12+
h
4−
o
32 )= 1
0,21 (0.85412+0.142
4−0.004
32 )=
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Cantitatea de aer necesar arderii este:
0*0746 /ol aer9/g co$
Cantitatea de incarcatura proaspata& raportata la 1 %g com#usti#il:
0*13@ /ol9/g co$
Coeficientul teoretic de variatie molara a incarcaturii proaspete pentru λ'1 :
1*03
Coeficientul real de variatie molara a incarcaturii proaspete :
1*030
Caldura specifica molara medie a amestecului initial :
33*788 /G9/ol <
Caldura specifica molara medie a gazelor de ardere pentru λ'1 :
L= λ⋅ Lmin
=1⋅0. 50496=
M Îp= λ⋅ Lmin+ M c=1⋅0 .50496+
1
114=
μ0=
0 . 79⋅ L+h
2+
c
12
L+ M c=
0 . 7 9⋅0 . 504+0 . 142
2+
0 . 854
12
0 . 5 04+ 1
114
=
μf = μ0+γ r1+γ
r
=1.053+0.06801+0.0680 =
C mν' =20+17.4⋅10−3⋅T c=20+17. 4⋅10−3⋅795 .71=
C mν' ' =(18.4+2. 6 λ )+(15.5+13.8 λ )⋅10−4⋅T z kJ
kmol⋅ K
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Caldura specifica dega(ata de ardera incompleta :
7300 <9/g
Temperatura la sfarsitul arderii rezulta din urmatoarea ecuatie :
;': 3387 <
!resiunea la sfarsitul arderii :
406470*08468
;inand cont de rotunGirea diagraei
@6@844*0@6318@
Dai:Di = HDai : Di = 61000(1 = l) : 7300 = 61000(1=1):
9
9
C mν' ' =(18.4+2. 6 λ )+(15.5+13.8 λ )⋅10−4⋅T z
kJ
kmol⋅ K
C mν' ' =(1 8 . 4+2 . 6⋅1)+(1 5 . 5+1 3 . 8⋅1 )⋅10
−4⋅T z=21+2 9 . 3⋅10−4⋅T z
ξQa
( L+ M c)(1+γ r )+C mν
' ⋅T c=C mν' ' ⋅ μ f ⋅T z
0 .9⋅43500
(0.504+ 1
114)(1+0.0680)
+32.278⋅705 .64=(21+29.3⋅10−4 T z )⋅1.05⋅T z
p z= p c⋅ μ f ⋅T
z
T c
=11. 66⋅105⋅1.05⋅3251705 .64
=
p z' =! z⋅ p z=0 . 8 5⋅69. 97⋅10
5=
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Coeficientul de corectie a presiunii :
' : 0*8 (0*@ = 0*8))radul de crestere a presiunii:
7*4@ (*8 = 7*)
1* e"tinderea
Se adopta coe&icientul politropic al de"tinderii 1.*3 (1*3 = 1*3)
!resiunea la sfarsitul destinderii:
317*634408@6
Temperatura la sfarsitul destinderii:
144*11807 <
Se adopta uratoarele .alori
coe&icientul de rotunGire al diagraei 0*48 (0*47 = 0*48)
randaentul ecanic 0*8 (0*@ = 0*8)
!resiunea medie a ciclului teoretic :
n*=
9
Jr ;
< :
" = p
z
pc
=56 . 41⋅105
11 . 66⋅10
5 =
p#= p
z
εn
2
=56 . 41⋅10
5
7 . 51 . 25
=
T #= T
z
εn
2−1=
3251
7 . 51 . 25−1
=
p
' = pc
ε−1
["
n2−1
(1−
1
εn2−1
)−1
n1−1
(1−
1
εn1−1
)]=11.66⋅105
7 .5−1 [4.831.25−1 (1−1
7 .51 .25−1 )−1
1.33−1 (1−1
7 .51.33−1 )]=
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176174*@038
17301*1087@33
+andamentul indicat al motorului:
0*07 (0* = 0*36)
!resiunea medie efectiva:
11@3@0*4703 9K
+andamentul efectiv al motorului:
0*03 (0* = 0*33)
Consumul specific efectiv de com#usti#il :
*7@ /g9/W : 7@ g9/W (80 = 30)
9
9
p
' = pc
ε−1 ["
n2−1 (1−1
εn2−1 )−1
n1−1 (1−1
εn1−1 )]
=11.66⋅105
7 .5−1 [4.831.25−1 (1−1
7 .51 .25−1 )−1
1.33−1 (1−1
7 .51.33−1 )]=
p=μr⋅ p '
=0.94⋅11.09⋅105
=
η= $ M
p⋅ M
%p⋅T
0
p0⋅η
ν⋅Q
=8.314 9 .7⋅105⋅0.5137⋅2931.02⋅105⋅0.9⋅43500
=
p&=ηm⋅ p=0.83⋅10.43⋅105=
η&=η
m⋅η
=0.83⋅0 .312=
&=3600
η &⋅Q
=3600
0.259⋅43500=
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?aportul cur"a=ale'aG : S 9 : 1*0@ 1!@ ien"iuni &undaentale ale otorului
Capacitatea cilindrica va fi :
0*703 l
"e determina aleza(ul si cursa:
0*@84 d @8*841
83*@@ 83*@@
,iteza medie a pistonului:
1*3@@18@ 9"
Cilindree totala a motorului:
1*61 l
V h=
120000⋅ (n
p&⋅n⋅ =120000⋅90000
8 . 6 5⋅105⋅5500⋅4
=
)=3√ 4⋅V
h
" ⋅! =
3√ 4⋅0.3713.14⋅1.02
=
*=!⋅ )=1.02⋅77.38=
+ m=*⋅n30
=0,078⋅560030
=
V , =
⋅V
h=4
⋅0.371
=
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!utere litrica a motorului:
*80 /59l
iagraa indicata
,olumul la sfarsitul cursei de admisie:
0*778
,olumul la sfarsitul compresiei:
0*07
Se tra"ea'a i'ocorele
c : '
Politropa ac care repre'inta proce"ul de copriare "e tra"ea'a prin puncte
Politropa de"tinderii '$ "e tra"ea'a analog
d3
d3
$
: a
V , =⋅V
h=4⋅0.371=
( l= (
n
V ,
=90
1.11=
V a=V h⋅ ε
ε−1
=0.371 7 . 5
7 .5−1
=
V c=V a
ε = 0.428
7 .5=
p -= p
a⋅(V a
V - )
n1
p -= p
z⋅( V z
V - )n2
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Se adopta uratoarele arii pentru corectarea diagraei
ungiul de a.an" la aprindere
ungiul de a.an" la de"ciderea e.acuarii
raportul dintre ra'a ani.elei "i lungiea $ielei
Po'itia punctului c "e deterina de cur"a pi"tonului N" core"pun'atoare ungiului de a.an" la aprindere
@*066
Po'itia punctului c% e"te deterinata de pre"iunea in ace"t punct
360*406
Po'itia punctului $ e"te deterinata de cur"a pi"tonului Ne. core"pun'atoare ungiului de a.an" lade"ciderea e.acuarii
16*@4
Po'itia punctului a e"te deterinata de pre"iunea in punctul a
6@@3* 9K
p -= p z⋅( V z
V - )
n2
. a=300
$/C
. &0=60
0
$/C
λ#= 1
3 . 6
1 2=*
2
[(1−cos. a)+
λ #
4
(1−cos2. a)
]=
1 &0=
*
2 [(1−cos . &0 )−
λ#
4 (1−cos 2.
&0 ) ]=
pc''=(1.15−1.25) pc=1.2 pc=1. 2⋅1166598. 644=
pa' =
1
2 ( pa+ p#)=
1
2 (0.8
+3 .7
)⋅10
5
=
3 /m2
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pa
' =1
2( pa+ p#)=
1
2(0.8+3 .7)⋅105=
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1*0
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1*0
'(,'.#'&0*8
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0*008@@1448
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c : 1101*@3
$: *11373a : 0*003083
H : 1878*7313;'1: 3383*@647
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0*0@88413
0*083@@
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0*@@@@@@8
13*4410K
*@10K
3 /m2
3 /m2
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3 /m2
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Caracteri"tica e>terna a otorului
Puterea maxima 40000
Turatia maxima 00Coef. de elasticitate c 0* (0*7 = 0*6)
1 1
=1 α1 α2 α3 = 1
@0 rot9in
14*33
16*6
P (W)
n (rot9in)
unde α1, α2, α3 sunt para%etrii dependenti de coe=cientu* de e*asticitate a* %otoru*ui c9 si se ca*cu*ea1a !
;uratia de oent a>i (nM)
Moentul a>i (MM) Moentul la puterea a>ia (M)
(&= (
m[. 1
n
nm
+. 2( nn
m)2
+. 3( n
nm)3
] M
&= M
m[. 1+.
2
n
nm
+. 3( nn
m)2
]
. 1=
3−4c
2(1−c )= 3−4⋅0. 52(1−0 .5)
= . 2= 2c
2(1−c )=
2⋅0 .5
2(1−0 .5)=
. 3=−
1
2(1−c )=−
1
2(1−0 .5 )=
c&=cmin⋅ M M
M &
C =c
&⋅ (
&1000
n M =c⋅n
m=0 .5⋅5500=
M m= (
m
4n
= (
m
" ⋅n
30
=90⋅103
3.14⋅5600
30
=
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n (rot9in) Pe (<W) Me () ce (g9/W) C (/g9)
1000 18*80 1@4*1 17*36 7*03 1@4*0668@1467100 *44 18*4 10*3@ 7*87 184*160@@0041700 @*6 18*41 06*48 *67 184*11060671600 31*8 188*74 07*17 6*7 1887*474363681800 3*47 140*66 01*8 @* 1406*671860000 70*30 14*7 144*4@ 8*06 147*083@8800 77*67 143*@6 148*4 8*8@ 143@*63408848@4700 78*43 147*64 14@*67 4*6@ 1476*43@@@048600 3*1 14*1 14@*1 10*78 14*1043@14
*-0 6* 1.33 14@*00 11.0/ 143*6106@333000 61*6 14*00 14@*33 1*04 140*0366@313300 6*10 147*8 148*06 1*84 147*807@740743700 68*@@ 143*17 144*3 13*@0 1431*7704641733600 @*3 141*4 00*87 17*1 141*473316@303800 @*76 184*63 0*4 1*31 1846*31380874@67000 @8*77 18@*6 0*74 16*1 18@*1@@1@700 81*13 187*7@ 08*60 16*4 1877*6@0@88787700 83* 181*6 1*8 1@*@3 181*63011078
7600 8*@ 1@@*6 16*61 18*7 1@@6*7@0740@87800 8@*@ 1@3*6 1*63 14*37 1@36*1@83764@8000 88*8 164*18 @*7 0*1 1641*@36@00@0@00 84*78 167*3 37*1@ 0*4 1673*14676747@700 84*47 14*0 71*43 1*@6 140*06@3864600 40*00 1.* 76* **.1 16*61168386800 84*7 17@*@ 61*8 3*3@ 17@*@46837@36000 88*77 170*@6 @3*36 7*18 170@*67366@001600 86*40 133*87 8@*0 7*48 1338*718@84
M m= (
m
4n
= (
m
" ⋅n30
=90⋅103
3.14⋅560030
=
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84*@3373641*7801174*460847*7@76@84*336746*10718646*8814774@*37686344@*601764
4@*663604@*01833@4@*1703@46*@01784*@4@16847*81640743*6@8864*3860740*63108
88*837886*80841@387*8@6838*14833@4*3366@8*1306087@3*636787@0*38118366*41161
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e >?0@
Me >N%@
C >/:$@
ce>:$/0@
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i2in9 nor%a*a pe a7a o*tu*ui
ctionea1a asupra ie*ei
tia*a *a a7a Jusu*ui %aneton
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Cineatica ecani"ului $iel=ani.el
R = ungiul de rota+ie al ani.elei
= ungiul de nclinare al a>ei $ieleiT = .ite'a ungiular de rota+ie a ar$orelui cotitS = cur"a pi"tonului? = ra'a ani.eleiL = lungiea $ieleiU = raportul dintre ra'a ani.elei #i lungiea $ielei
@*4863 rad9"
0*07188764
:
17 (1=18)
Aria pi"tonului
0*007817
a>
:
epla"area pi"tonului* Legea de .ariatie a depla"arii S> in &unctie de ungiul
4=
" ⋅n30 =
3.14⋅560030 =
$=*
2=
λ= $
L=
1
3 .6
1
3 . 0. . . . . . . . . .
1
3. 8
/ p=" ⋅ )2
4=
3.14⋅0.0772
4=
* 1 = $ [ ( L−cos . )+1
λ(1−cos 6 )] * 1 = $ [ (1−cos . )±
λ
4(1−cos 2⋅. ) ]
* 1 = $ [ ( L−cos . )+1
λ(1−cos 6 )] * 1 = $ [ (1−cos . )±
λ
4(1−cos 2⋅. ) ]
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oluul generat de pi"ton la un oent dat
ite'a pi"tonului
Vngiul de .ite' a>i
Accelera+ia pi"tonuluirdinea de lucru a cilindrilor 1434* 1=3==7
a 0 180 360 70 @01 A C E C E A3 E A C 7 E A C
Calculul dinaic al ecani"ului $iel=ani.el
Prin calculul dinaic al ecani"ului $iel ani.el "e urre#te deterinarea riii"i caracterului .aria+iei "arcinilor care ac+ionea' a"upra pie"elor otorului * Cercetarile n detaliu "unt
1
V (= " ⋅ )2
4 ⋅*alnl¿¿¿¿
V = $4(sin. ± λ
2sin2. )
. V max
=arccos
[√( 1
4 λ
)
2
+1
2−
1
4 λ
]a= $4
2(cos . ± λ cos 2 . )
&oarte cople>e din cau'a regiului .aria$il de &unc+ionare * e aceea "e &olo"e"c rela+ii
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"ipli&icate o$+inute in ipote'a unei .ite'e ungiulare con"tante a ar$orelui cotit #i la regi "ta$ili'at*
5or6ele care ac6ioneaza in mecanismul #iel7 4 manivel7
A"upra ecani"ului $iel = ani.el ! ac+ionea'a &or+ele date de pre"iunea ga'elor din cilindru #i&or+ele de iner+ie ale a"elor ecani"ului a&late in i#care * Xor+ele de &recare .or &i con"iderate negliGa$ile *Xor+ele de inertie "unt con"tituite din &ortele de inertie ale a"elor a&late in i"care alternati.a de tran"latie"i &ortele de inertie ale a"elor a&late in i"care de rotatie *Pentru calculul organelor ecani"ului $iela ani.ela ! al "arcinilor din lagare ! pentru cercetarea o"cilatilorde tor"iune ! etc ! tre$ue deterinate .alorile a>ie ! inie "i edii ale ace"tor &orte * e aceea ariile&ortelor "e .or deterina pentru o "erie de po'iti "ucce"i.e ale ecani"ului ! &unctie de ungiul derotatie al ar$orelui cotit*
Pentru deterinarea &ortelor din eleentele ecani"ului $iela ani.ela e"te recoanda$il "a "e inceapa cudeterinarea &ortelor care actionea'a dupa a>a cilindrului ! cercetand "eparat &ortele de pre"iune a ga'elor "i&ortele de inertie *
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Xor+ele #i oentele care ac+ionea' n ecani"ul $iela ani.ela
5orta de presiune a gazelor
Xorta data de pre"iunea ga'elor pe pi"ton "e deterina cu relatia
Xorta de pre"iune a ga'elor e"te indreptata dupa a>a cilindrului "i poate &i con"iderata in a>a $oltului de pi"ton *Acea"ta &orta e"te con"iderata po'iti.a cand e"te orientata "pre a>a ar$orelui cotit "i negati.a cand e"teorintata in.er"*Calculul .alorilor &ortei de pre"iune a ga'elor "e &ace ta$elar*Se con"true"te cur$a Xg:&(R)
5ortele de inertie
Xortele de inertie "unt produ"e de a"ele a&late in i"care accelerata "i anue pi"ton a"a$lat (pi"ton ! $olt !
"egenti ! "igurantele $oltului ) ! $iela "i ar$ore cotit* Xortele de inertie "unt indreptate in "en" opu" acceleratiei"i "unt date de &orula generala
a"a eleentelor in i"care ! ina = acceleratia a"elor ! in
In &unctie de &elul i"carii eleentelor ecani"ului otor di"tinge uratoarele
A p = aria "upra&e+ei capului pi"tonuluiY
pg = pre"iunea ga'elor n cilindru dup diagraa indicatY
p0 = pre"iunea ediului a$iantY
5 '=( p '− p0 )⋅ / p
5 =−m⋅a [ 3 ]
[ K' ]m /22
a) Xorte de inertie produ"e de a"ele eleentelor a&late in i"care de tran"latie ( X G )
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5ortele de inertie ale maselor in miscare de translatie
Ace"te &orte "unt produ"e de a"ele pi"tonului a"$lat (pi"ton ! "egenti ! $olt "i "igurantele ace"tuia )"i o parte din a"a $ielei "i "unt con"iderate concentrate in a>a $oltului *eterinarea &ortelor de inertie ale a"elor a&late in i"care de tran"latie "e &ace cu relatia
Ma"ele a&late in i"care de tran"latie "e deterina cu relatia uratoare
Xortele de inertie XG "e pot e>pria ! tinand "eaa de e>pre"ia acceleratiei pi"tonului pentru ecani"ul $iel ani.el a>at *
$) Xorte de inertie produ"e e a"ele neecili$rate ale eleentelor a&late in i"care de rotatie ( Xr)
G = a"ele pi"elor n i#care de tran"la+ie
a p = accelera+ia pi"tonului
p = a"a pi"tonului a"a$lat ! in
1$ = a"a $ielei concentrata in a>a $oltului "i care "e con"idera ca e>ecuta i"care de tran"latie ! in
5 8=−m
8⋅a
p 3
ml=m
p+m
1# K'
[ K' ]
5 8=−m 8⋅ $⋅42⋅( cos . + λ⋅cos 2 . ) 3
Calculul .alorilor &ortelor X G "e &ace ta$elar "i "e con"true"te cur$a 5
8= f (. )
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5ortele de inertie ale maselor in miscare de rotatie
Ace"te &orte "unt produ"e de o parte din a"a $ielei "i a"a neecili$rata al ar$orelui cotit(a"a anetonului "i a"ele redu"e ale celor doua $rate )*
Xortele de inertie ale a"elor in i"care de rotatie "e deterina cu relatiile
&orta centri&uga
&orta tangentiala
? = ra'a ani.elei! n OT = .ite'a ungiular a ar$oreluiIn ca'ul .ite'ei ungiulare con"tante ! ! deci &ortele tangentiale "unt nule* In con"ecinta !&ortele de inertie ale a"elor in i"care de rotatie "unt &ortele centri&uge ce actionea'a pe directia ra'ei ani.elei "i raan con"tante ca arie*
8asele pieselor in miscare ale mecanismului #iela 9 manivela
Pentru "ipli&icarea calculelor ! a"ele pie"elor in i"care pot &i inlocuite cu a"eredu"e concentrate in articulatiile ecani"ului $iela = ani.ela * Ma"a $ielei e"te con"iderata ca &iind concentrata in cele doua a>e in care e"te articulata !
rotitoare ale ecani"ului *
r =a"a "e i"care de rotatie !
re"pecti. in a>a ociului $ielei (1$
)"i in a>a capului $ielei ($
)*
Coponenta 1$
a a"ei $ielei "e con"idera ca e>ecuta i"care de tran"latie
"i e"te luata in calculul &ortei de inertie X G*A doua coponenta
$"e adauga a"elor
8f ( )
5 r=−mr⋅ $⋅42
[ 3 ]
5 , =−mr⋅ $⋅94
9, [ 3 ]
94
9, =0
Pentru aGoritatea otoarelor de auto.eicule ! reparti'area a"ei $ielei pe cele doua coponente e"te
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"au cu "u&icienta apro>iatie
In ace"te conditii ! a"a eleentelor a&late in i"care de tran"latie alternati.a "e poate deterina curelatia
Ma"a $ratelor ani.elei a.and centrul de a"a la ra'a r &ata de a>a ar$orelui cotit !"e poate reduce la ra'a ? a ani.elei pornind de la egalitatea
!
de unde "e o$tine
Z = repre'int di"tan+a de la a>a ar$orelui cotit la centrul de greutate al $ratului
p = a"a pi"tonului a"a$lat
$ = a"a $ielei
Ma"ele rotitoare r ! "unt con"tituite din a"a &u"ului aneton
! a"a $ratului de
ani.ela redu"a la ra'a ? "i coponenta $
a $ielei ! adica
m1#= (0,2......0,3 )⋅m
# m2#= (0,7.....0,8)⋅m
#
m1#=0,275⋅m
# m
2#=0,725⋅m#
m 8=m
p+m
1#=m
p+0,275⋅m
#
mr=mm+2⋅( m#r ) $+m2 #
(m#r ) $⋅ $⋅42=m#r⋅ :⋅42
(m#r ) $=m#r⋅ :
$ [ K' ]
8asele constructive ale pistonului i #ielei
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;ipul otorului Ma"a pi"tonului din aliaG de Al Ma"a $ielei
M*A*S cu :60 [ 100 100=10 10=00
5or6ele rezultate din mecanismul #iel7 9 manivel7
deterinate pentru di&erite po'itii ale ani.elei ! "e o$tin .alorile &ortei "uare careactionea'a in lungul a>ei cilindrului*
Calculul &ortei X "e &ace ta$elar "i "e con"true"te cur$a X:&(R)
Xorta X aplicata in a>a $oltului "e de"copune in doua coponente! una de "priGin! norala pe a>a cilindrului () "i una dupa a>a $ielei (B)
*
In a>a &u"ului aneton! &orta B "e de"copune in doua coponente! una radiala \"i una tangentiala ;
/g9 /g9
Prin in"uarea alge$rica a &ortelor de pre"iune a ga'elor Xg "i &ortelor de inertie X
G !
5 = 5 '+ 5
8 [ 3 ]
3 = 5 ⋅, 6 [ 3 ] ;= 5
cos 6[ 3 ]
T =*⋅sin⋅(. + 6 ) [ 3 ]
7 =*⋅cos⋅( . + 6 ) [ 3 ]
T =*⋅sin⋅(. + 6 ) [ 3 ]
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os 2⋅. ) ]
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