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English Alphabet
a[ei]
b[bi:]
c[si:]
d[di:] e[i:]
f[ef]
g[dji:]
h[eitch]
i[ai]
j[gei]
k[kei]
l[el]
m[em] n[en]
o[ou]
p[pi:]
q[kju:]
r[a:]
s[es]
t[ti:]
u[ju:]
v[vi:] w['dablju:]
x[eks]
y[wai]
z[zed]
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Present Tense
Forms:
1. Affirmative: S + VB(-s,-es)
2. Negative: S + DO/DOES + NOT + VERB (Inf.)3. Interrogative: DO/DOES + S + VERB (Inf.)
4. Interr.-Negative: DO/DOES + NOT + S + VERB
(Inf.)
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The verb TO BE
I am
You are
He/She/It is We are
You are
They are
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The verb TO HAVE
I have
You have
He/She/It has We have
You have
They have
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Examples: Rules for adding-es/-s
1. Verbs that end in ss,-ch-sh-x
receive es :
2. Verbs that end inconsonant+y, transform y in i
and receive
-es
3. -II- vowel+y receive -s
I confess - He confesses,
I push He pushes,
I box He boxes
I teach- He teaches
I cry- He cries
I try- He tries
I buy He buys
I play- He plays
I do-He does
I go-He goes
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The verb TO BE
Contractions
Im not English
You arent worried
He isnt famous
She isnt obedient
It isnt comfortable
We arent relatives
You arent fluent
They arent cheap
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Countries and Nationalities
Country Adjective Language
Australia Australian English
Austria Austrian German
Belgium Belgian French/Flemish
Brazil Brazilian Portuguese Canada Canadian English/French
China Chinese Chinese
Denmark Danish Danish
England English (nat) /British(adj) English France French French
Germany German German
Holland-The Netherlands /Dutch Dutch
Italy Italian Italian
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Japan Japanese Japanese
Korea Korean Korean Mexico Mexican Spanish
Norway Norwegian Norwegian
Portugal Portuguese Portuguese
Spain Spanish Spanish
Sweden Swedish Swedish
Switzerland Swiss German/French/ltalian
The United States American English
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0 zero, oh,nought, nil, love,nothing
1 one 2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five 6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven 12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty 21 twenty-one
22 twenty-two
23 twenty-
three
24 twenty-four
25 twenty-five
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Ways of expressing the number 0
0 = nil in football and other sports, for
scores of 0 (AmE: zero or nothing)
0 = love in tennis
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Ways of expressing the number 0
0 = zero in temperatures to refer to
freezing point (0° Celsius, 0° Fahrenheit)
0 = nought in mathematics (AmE: zero)
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Ways of expressing the number 0
0 = oh for telephone
numbers
0 = oh (or zero) for flightnumbers