UNITATEA 6: DOES ALTRUISM EXIST ? (Part 2).

La sfârşitul acestui curs, studentul va putea: − să elaboreze în limba engleză asupra conceptului de altruism − să exerseze utilizarea verbelor modale la diferite timpuri

Cunoştinţe privind semnificaţiile verbelor modale

Engleza pentru admitere, Bantaş, Andrei, Ed. Teora, Bucureşti, 1995, vol. 1; Practise Your Tenses, Adamson, Donald, Longman, 1996; Exerciţii de gramatica limbii engleze, Gălăţeanu-Fârnoagă, Georgiana, Editura Albatros, Bucureşti, 1987

Două ore

Pre-reading Match the jumbled phrases to restore the proverbs: No news is… Is lost. Out of sight,… Without fire All that glitters… Grow fonder. Where there is a will… Leap. Look before you… Before the horse. When in Rome… Sorry. Make hay while … Out of mind. Don’t put the cart… Good news. You can’t have your cake and… The best teacher. Better safe than… Is not gold. Experience is… Run deep. The more you have,… Eat it. There’s no smoke… The more you want. Absence makes the heart… There is a way. Still waters… While the sun shines. He who hesitates…. Do as the Romans do. Reading Text, p.302, Social Psychology (Part 2). LANGUAGE FOCUS New Vocabulary: to state, to assert, to affirm, to insist, to maintain, to claim; “Out of sight, out of mind.”; sympathy; puzzle (verb & noun), puzzled; proposition, to propose, proposal; so long (leave-taking formula). Practice Give suitable leave-taking formulas for the following contexts (mind the formal and informal ways of addressing to people).

ü You’ve been talking to a Professor at the University; you’re in a hurry because you have an appointment and you’re leaving.

ü You’re in another room in the students’ hostel; it’s late at night, and you want to go to your own room.

ü You need to leave the auditorium earlier than you should, and you have to apologize for that and to say good-bye to your peers (fellow students).

GRAMMAR FOCUS Expressing possibility and probability MAY Perhaps, very possible John may be back tomorrow. MIGHT Slight possibility They might come here for

Christmas this year. MAY/MIGHT + Present Infinitive

Possibility in the present or future

He may/might visit his parents next summer.

MAY/MIGHT + Perfect Infinitive

In speculations about past actions

She may/might have gone on a trip to Ireland.

COULD possibility Frank could still be in the library . He is a bookworm.

COULD BE As an alternative of MAY/MIGHT BE

I wonder the cat is. It may/might/could be in the kitchen with its paw in the fish bowl.

CAN possibility I can’t plunge in the swimming pool. There isn’t enough water in it.

CAN Occasional possibility Scarlet fever can be quite dangerous.

CAN’T It does not seem possible./I don’t think.

You have rested a lot lately. You can’t be weary.

MUST It is almost certain./I think.

He looks cross. He must have problems at home.

Practice 1.Abstract picture. What May Be? Might Could Can 2.Invisible object. Drawing in the air an object and then guessing what it: ü May/ ü Might/ ü Can/ ü Could be.

3.Rearrange the lines of the poem “Death Sweet”, by Thomas Lovell Beddoes, in a logical order, to reconstruct the poem:

JUMBLED LINES No./LOGICAL ORDER A. . Getting a length beyond our tedious selves; B. Is it not sweet to die ? for, what is death, 1. C. Spilling our woes, crushing our frozen hopes, D. Then, if the body felt, what were its sense; E. But sighing that we ne’er may sigh again, F. But trampling the last tear from poisonous sorrow, G. Turning to daisies gently in the grave, H. In love and the enamelled flower of song ? I. And passing like an incense out of man ? J. If not the soul’s most delicate delight K. When it does filtrate, through the pores of thought,

Insert numbers under the heading “No./LOGICAL ORDER”. The first line has been already identified for you, as an example. You may get several logically valid ways of reconstructing the poem. This may mean that you have your own poetic skills and outlook, id est (=that is), you are creative yourself. However, you may find out the order of the lines of the poem, as the poet himself imagined them from the table below. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. 3. 1. 5. 7. 2. 4. 8. 11. 6. 9. 10.

Altruism, sympathy

Match the concept to the right definition:

1. Power 2. Coercion 3. Authority 4. Traditional authority 5. Charismatic authority 6. Rational-legal authority 7. Influence

a. Exercise of power through force or threat of force b. Authority based on submission to a set of rationally established rules c. Authority based on sanctity of time-honoured routines d. Ability to get others to act as one wishes in spite of their resistance; includes coercion and authority e. Not power, but ability to persuade others to change their decisions f. Authority based on extraordinary characteristics of leader g. Power supported by norms and values

1 – d 2 – a 3 - g 4 – c 5 – f 6 – b 7 - e

Revise general vocabulary and tenses:

1.Cross the odd-pronunciation word (its pronunciation is different from that of the other three words) out: a.tear; b.care; c.beer; d.bear. 2. Cross the odd-pronunciation word out: a.calf; b.half; c.scarf; d.cart. Choose the right answer (only one answer is the right one): 3.Please, go and buy two………. a.breads, b.loafs of, c.loaves of, d.kilos of. 4.I’d like a ………………. a.soap, b.tin of soap, c.soaps, d.bar of. 5.Pollution has determined strange…………..all over the planet. a.phenomena, b.phenomenons, c.phenomeni, d.phenomenas. 6.Throughout the experiment, some guinea pigs are exposed to various types of…………………. a.stimulus, b.stimuluses, c.stimuli, d.stimula. 7.The scientists noticed a ………..of side effects that followed the treatment. a.serie, b.series, c.seria, d.serieses.

8.She is feeling………….than yesterday. a.good, b.bad, c.ill, d.worse. 9.You should be…………..while crossing the road. a.most careful, b.more careful, c.carefully, d.more carefully. 10.The scientist………….the solution to the problem. a.know, b.knowing, c.is know, d.knows. 11.Susan…………..to the disco tonight. a.go, b.is going, c.has gone, d.went. 12.It ………a lot last night. a.rain, b.will rain, c.has rained, d.rained. 13.When he came in, I…………on the phone. a.was talking, b.were talking, c.talked, d.am talking. 14.Here’s my essay. I ……….it at last. a.has finished, b.have finished, c.had finished, d.finished. 15.We haven’t seen this movie …………… a.just, b.already, c.never, d.yet. 16.She……………. English for five years. a.have study, b.studied, c.has been studying, d.will study. 17.Mary was sighing because she …………….a lot of trouble with her children. a.had had, b.has had, c.is having, d.has. 18.They……………a new supermarket downtown. a.open, b.are open, c.will open, d.shall open. 19……………you control your heartbeat with your mind ? a.may, b.can, c.should, d.must. 20.I ………… go to the dentist. a.am allowed, b.am able, c.must, d.would.