Sistemul Potlach

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    FACULTATEA DE ECONOMIE TEORETICA SI APLICATA

    SISTEMULPOTLACH

     TEODORA LUCA

    MIHAI ROXANA CLAUDIA

    MORARU SILVIA

    Grupa 1414, Seria B

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    “Societăţile care au făcut din om un animal economic, şi ata foarte

    recent, !nt ocietăţile noatre din Occident "#$ Mult tim% omul a

     !nemnat altce&a' mai recent, el a de&enit o maşină, una com%licată,

    inclu(!nd şi o maşină de calcul "#$)

    Frage!"u# $e ai %u% &a'e par"e $i! u#"iu# 'api"(# a# )E%eu#ui $e%pre $ar*+Apru" pria $a"a -! 1./01./4, %"u$iu# #ui Mar'e# Mau%% r-!e u!a $i!#u'rri#e $e 2a3 -! $(e!iu# "ii!5e#(r %('ia#e+ Cura6u# "ii!5i7' 'u 'are a'e%"au"(r a pu% 'ap #a 'ap $i&eri"e a%pe'"e $i! e8(#u5ia i!%"i"u5ii#(r e'(!(i'e a#e$i&eri"e#(r p(p(are i "e(ria $aru#ui pe 'are a e!u!5a"(, eri" "(" re%pe'"u#ge!era5ii#(r $e 'er'e""(ri 'e au ura"+

    Fra3a 'i"a" ia a"ra% a"e!5ia pe '-!$ re'i"ea 'u i!"ere% a'ea%" 'ar"ea$ira2i#+ Ma g-!$i" ' e%"e ( &ra3 e9"re $e %uge%"i8 pe!"ru ep('aa'"ua#, -! 'are %&era e'(!(i'u#ui pare % $(i!e $i! 'e -! 'e ai u#"$ie!%iu!i#e %('ia#e, p(#i"i'e i 'u#"ura#e+ De a#"&e#, a '(!%"a"a" 'u uiire ip#'ere &e#u# -! 'are au"(ru# $e32a"e i #eag -!"re e#e '(!'ep"e pre'u(ra#i"a"e, #i2er"a"e, i!"ere%, 8a#(are, i!%"i"u5ii e'(!(i'e, ai a#e% -! u#"iapar"e a 'r5ii, $e $epar"e 'ea ai i!"ere%a!" i ai pr(8('a"i8+

    Spa5ii#e i%"(ri'(%i2(#i'e #a 'are au"(ru# %a rap(r"a" -! %"u$iu# %u %-!" P(#i!e3ia,Me#a!e3ia i !(r$8e%"u# Aeri'a!+ :! a'e%" area#, Mau%% a a!a#i3a" &(re#e $ea!i&e%"are a#e $aru#ui, i!"erpre"a" -! e%e!5 'a 7i!$ u! )&ap" %('ia# "("a#* 'ea!"re!ea3 u#"ip#e !i8e#e a#e %('ie"5ii ; e'(!(i', 6uri$i', re#igi(%,'ere(!ia# a prii+ Mau%% -i'(!%"ruie"e "e(ria &(#(%i!$ $a"e e"!(gra7'e 'are $e%'riu $(u 'ere(!ia#uri =?u#a i p("#a"'@u#a, #('a#i3a" -! Me#a!e3ia, i!%u#e#e Tr(2ria!$, ar 7, -!"r( %'ur" $e%'riere, u!%i%"e $e '(er5 "ri2a# i i!"ra"ri2a#, -! 'a$ru# 'ruia %e %'@i2 $(u "ipuri $e(2ie'"e 'u 8a#(are $e )(!e3i*= 2r5ri ; a#i< i '(#iere ; %(!#a8a

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    P("#a"'@u#, %pe'i7' %('ie"5i#(r i!$ie!e $i! !(r$8e%"u# Aeri'ii, ; "#i!gi", @ai$a,?a?iu"# < repre3i!" u! 'ere(!ia# 2a3a" pe $i%"rugere i '(!%u+ E%"e u! &e# $e)#up" pe!"ru 2(g5ie*, -! 'are %e %a'ri7' !e!ura"e 2u!uri i -! 'are !(5iu!ea$e )(!(are* 'ap" 'ea ai are 8a#(are+ D(2-!$e"i (!(are, pre%"igiu i ip#i'i"

    pu"ere $a' e"i 'apa2i# % $i%"rugi 'e#e ai u#"e 2u!uri+ Ce#e "rei (2#iga5iie%e!5ia#e a#e p("#a"'@u#ui %-!"= 1 % (&eri ; u! e& $e "ri2 "re2uie % $ea p("#a"'@uri pe!"ru 7i, pe!"ru gi!ere, pe!"ru 7i', pe!"ru (r5i, e!5i!-!$ui a%"&e#au"(ri"a"ea i ra!gu# % prie"i ; re&u3u# -!%ea! ' ar5i "ea i a%"&e#

     -5i pier3i greu"a"ea !ue#ui % -!ap(ie3i ; 'eea 'e '(!%"i"uie -!%uia$e8ra"u# p("#a"'@ > 'i!e !u p(a"e -!ap(ia -i pier$e pu"erea, ra!gu# i $e8i!e%'#a8

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    $e7!i"i8, pe!"ru ' a%"&e# %ar -!'#'a ( !(r $e $rep" i %ar pr($u'e a%"&e# u!&ap" $e(%e2i" $e gra8+ :! e%e!5, $aru# '(!5i!e -! %i!e !e'e%i"a"ea (2#iga"i8i"5ii,!e7i!$ !i'i #i2er !i'i '(p#e" $e3i!"ere%a"+ Daru# -! a'e%"e %('ie"5i $e8i!e ai$egra2 u! ("(r %('ia# e9"ra(r$i!ar $e pu"er!i', iar i!%"i"u5ii#e pe 'are #e'reea3 -! 6uru# %u au u#"ip#e 8a#e!5e= apar5i! u!ei )e!"a#i"5i re#igi(a%e

    $i&u3e*, %-!" &e!(e!e a#e $rep"u#ui pri8a" i pu2#i', %-!" &e!(e!e e'(!(i'e 'e -!g#(2ea3 !(5iu!i &ai#iare !(u pre'u 8a#(are, u"i#i"a"e, pr(7", #u9, 2(g5ie,'(!%u, i pre3i!" '@iar i ( #a"ur e%"e"i', a!i&e%"a" pri! '-!"e'e, $a!%uri,(%pe5e, repre3e!"a5ii $raa"i'e+

    Se!i7'a5ii#e $aru#ui %au $e%pr5i" pr(2a2i# $ea #u!gu# "ipu#ui i %aue%"(pa" "rep"a"+ Die!%iu!ea 'are pre$(i! -! 3iua $e a3i e%"e 'eae'(!(i'+ Dar, !e %pu!e Mau%%, -!"re e'(!(ia re#a"i8 a(r& i $e3i!"ere%a"$i! i!"eri(ru# %u2grupuri#(r, e'(!(ie 'are reg#ea3 8ia5a '#a!uri#(r au%"ra#ie!e%au a 'e#(r $i! Aeri'a $e N(r$, i e'(!(ia i!$i8i$ua# a i!"ere%u#ui pur,

    e'(!(i' ;+++< %e %i"uea3 ( %erie ie!% $e i!%"i"u5ii i e8e!ie!"e e'(!(i'e,%erie 'are !u e%"e -!% gu8er!a" $e ra5iu!i#e e'(!(i'e pe 'are !e p#a'e % #e"e(re"i3* + E%"e ( (2%er8a5ie 'e ar "re2ui % !e $ea $e g-!$i" a%upra "ipu#ui -!'are "ri, 'u a"-" ai u#" 'u '-" a'ea%" peri(a$ a ua!i"5ii "i!$e % 7e$(i!a" $e ( para$ig e'(!(i' -! 'are pr(7"u# $e8i!e 8a#(are %upre iari!"ere%u# repre3i!" ( 'a"eg(rie ("i8a5i(!a# i!%i"u5i(!a#i3a", '(!%i$era" '@iara 5i!e $e !a"ura ua!+ A &(%" !e'e%ar 8i'"(ria ra5i(!a#i%u#ui i aer'a!"i#i%u#ui pe!"ru 'a !(5iu!i#e $e pr(7" i i!$i8i$ % 7e re8ig(ra"e iri$i'a"e #a ra!gu# $e pri!'ipii*, a$aug Mau%%+

    Ce a!ue ar $e(%e2i "("ui pri!'ipiu# a'"ua# a# i!"ere%u#ui $e 8e'@i#e %a#e'(!("a5ii= -! priu# r-!$ %'(pu# %u u#"i era $(2-!$irea pre%"igiu#ui i'(!%(#i$area rap(r"uri#(r $e pu"ere ai $egra2 $e'-" a'uu#area '(!"i!u $e2u!uri i 2(g5ii+ C(!%uu# !e#ii"a" %e pra'"i' $e a%ee!ea, $ar -! (e!"e2i!e %"a2i#i"e, 'u ('a3ia %r2"(ri#(r+ Daruri#e %e $au pe!"ru a ui#i u! a$8er%ariar 2u!uri#e %e $i%"rug pe!"ru a $e(!%"ra pu"ere, pe!"ru a %e %"a2i#i ( ierar@ie ipe!"ru a %e '(!7ra pre%"igiu# 'ui8a+ B(g5ia i %urp#u%u# %e reg#ea3 pri!e'a!i%e %pe'i7'e, 2a3a"e pe re$i%"ri2uire regu#a"+ B(g5ia a &(%" 'rea"pe!"ru a 7 $rui"*, a7r Mau%%, a'e%"a 7i!$ u! &ap" '(!7ra" $e %"u$ii ia!a#i3a a!"r(p(#(gi' a i!%"i"u5ii#(r e'(!(i'e, !i'i$e'u ( "e(rie per%(!a# 'u i3

    %('ia#i%"+

    :! %('ie"5i#e a!"i'e, $i! 'are %e pre%upu!e ' %e "rag 'e#e $e a3i, e9i%"au aa!ui"e#e 6u2i#ee, #i"urg@ii, %au %%%"ie ;e%e -! '(u!

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    er'a!"i#i%+ Ba!ii '(!"i!u % 'ir'u#e #a &e# 'u 'ir'u#au 8e'@i#e %i2(#uri(!e"are ; $e e9ep#u 2r5ri#e i '(#iere#e "r(2ria!$e3e < , -!"ru'-" 'ir'u#a5iag#(2a#i3a" a 'api"a#u#ui e%"e 8i"a#+ Marea $i&ere!5a ar 7 ' 2a!ii !u "re' pri!-i!i#e "u"ur(r, 7i!$ p%"ra5i i u"i#i3a5i regu#a" $e "(a"e per%(a!e#e u!ei'(u!i"5i, 'i $e regu# %-!" %"('a5i -! -i!i#e '-"(r8a i!$i8i3ii+ N(i#e i!%"i"u5ii

    e'(!(i'e !u ai %-!" e&e'"i8 'rea"e $e (ae!i #a(#a#", pri! par"i'iparea7rea%' a "u"ur(r, 'i %e !ue%' $e pi#$ Ba!'a M(!$ia# %au F(!$u# M(!e"arI!"er!a5i(!a#+ E#e regu#ea3 -!"ra$e8r 8ie5i#e i!$i8i$ua#e i '(#e'"i8e a#e(ae!i#(r, e!5i!-!$ u! ri" i!e8i"a2i# i 'u "("u# !e'e%ar, $ar $e'i3ii#e 'ua$e8ra" ip(r"a!"e #e apar5i! #(r i !u i!$i8i3i#(r+ E%"e p(a"e $(ar ( e"ap -!e8(#u5ia i!%"i"u5ii#(r e'(!(i'e a#e ua!i"5ii+ Cu "(a"e a'e%"ea, Mau%%a8er"i3ea3 -!' $e a'u $e a!i = B(ga5ii "re2uie % re-!'eap a %e'(!%i$era, $e 2u! 8(ie %au '(!%"r-!i, 'a "re3(rierii '(!'e"5e!i#(r #(r*+ Sau =P(p(are#e, '#a%e#e, &ai#ii#e i i!$i8i3ii ar pu"ea % %e -2(g5ea%', $ar !u 8(r 7&eri'i"e $e'-" a"u!'i '-!$ 8(r -!85a % %e ae3e, a%ee!ea 'a8a#eri#(r ; Me%ei

    R("u!$e , !+!+ < -! 6uru# a8u5iei '(u!e*+

    :! ($ ir(!i', pe u! 2#(g '(rp(ra"i%" ;+e2#(g+r($rag(%J$e@e#ea!< a -!"-#!i" ( %'ur" p(%"are i!"i"u#a" E%eu $e%pre $ar* -! #uea '(rp(ra"i%"+Au"(ru# !e 8(r2e"e $e%pre u#" 8e@i'u#a"u# '(!'ep" $e re%p(!%a2i#i"a"e %('ia#'(rp(ra"i%"* i e!5i(!ea3 !i"e 'i&re '(!&(r 'r(ra aeri'a!ii %-!" $i%pui %a'(r$e ai u#" 're$i" '(pa!ii#(r a!ga6a"e -!"r( 'au3 %('ia#+ Dup 'are %ea$u'e 8(r2a $e Mar'e# Mau%%= I! 1./01./4 a!"r(p(#(gu# Mar'e# Mau%% %'ria (%erie $e ar"i'(#e 'are au &(%" ap(i reu!i"e i! 'e#e2ru# e%eu KDe%pre $arK+ Te(ria #uiera 'a, i! %('ie"a"i#e ar@ai'e, i!"re 'e# 'are (&era u! $ar %i 'e# 'are i# prie%"e %e

    i!%"i"uie ( #ega"ura pr(&u!$a 'are (2#iga #a re'ipr('i"a"e ;%i $e u#"e (ri #a%upra#i'i"are

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    i# ap#i' -! ($ '(re'", 6u%", e'@i"a2i#+ De a#"&e# %"u$iu# #ui Mar'e# Mau%% ai!%pira" $e%"ui 'ri"i'i %('ia#i i a'"i8i"i p(#i"i'i 'are au g%i" -! e# pu!'"u# $ep#e'are pe!"ru $e32a"erea re#a5ii#(r %('ia#e -! e'(!(ii#e 'api"a#i%"e i au pr(pu%reg-!$irea a'e%"(ra, $ei au"(ru# -!%ui pre'i3ea3 ' %'@i2u# $e $aruri !ue9'#u$e i$eea '(pe"i8i"5ii i a i!"ere%u#ui per%(!a#+ A %pu!e ai $egra2 '

    p(3i5ia #ui Mau%% pare % 7e u!a 'ri"i' 8i3a8i $e peri(a$a -! 'are "ria, $ei "(!u#"i!$e a 7 ai $egra2 (p"ii%"+

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    :! (ri'e 'a3, '(!'#u3ia pe 'are "re2uie % ( "rage e%"e ' u!'aa!"r(p(#(gu#ui -! ge!era# %e p(a"e $(8e$i e9"re $e ip(r"a!" pe!"ru

     -!5e#egerea %('ia# i 'u#"ura# a 'e#(r#a#5i+ :! 'a3u# #ui Mau%%, ea a

    $e(!%"ra" e9i%"e!5a u!(r &(re $e (rga!i3are e'(!(i' 'e au #a 2a3pri!'ipii $i&eri"e $e para$iga (7'ia# a'"ua#+ A ar"a" ' !(5iu!i#e $epr(7" i i!"ere% au 8a#e!5e $i&eri"e $e #a ep(' #a ep(', e#e !e7i!$!eapra" !a"ura#e*+ S'rieri#e #ui Mau%% au i!%pira" ai ap(i ge!era5ii

     -!"regi $e 'er'e""(ri i "e(re"i'ie!i %('ia#i+ P(a"e ' i $e ai'i -!ai!"e%'rieri#e a!"r(p(#(gi'e 8(r pu"ea a6u"a #a -!5e#egerea ai '(p#e9 ae8(#u5iei e'(!(i'e a (u#ui i, pri! urare, #a pri8irea -!"r( #ui! !(ua a'"ua#e#(r p(#i"i'i e'(!(i'e $e pe g#(2, $e('a$a" u#" prea pu5i!'@e%"i(!a"e+