Revista_nr14_Medierea, Tehnica Si Arta

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DANA MARDAREMEDIATOR

Nr. 14 NOIEMBRIE 2011Anul 2 Nr. 2

Mozaic mediere gndete diferit!Mediation mosaic think different!

Pag. 4ncrederea n mediereTrust in mediation

Pag. 6Jurnal de... edin!

Diary of... A court session! Pag. 11Medierea ca art a vindecriiMediation as a healing art

Pag. 17

Cnd eueaz medierea?When does mediation fail?

Pag. 19Optimist orbeteBlindingly optimistic

Pag. 32 Cine suntem i unde mergem

Who we are and where we go Pag. 35Zilele medierii la BacuThe mediation days in Bacau

Pag. 36


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LA MOMENTUL ACESTA, REVISTA LUNAR BILINGVMEDIEREA TEHNIC I ART SE DISTRIBUIE N PESTE 70 DE LOCAII

N ROMNIA (ORGANIZAII PROFESIONALE DE MEDIATORI, INSTANEDE JUDECAT, INM, CSM, M.J., UNIVERSITI, PRIMRII ETC),

PRECUM I N PESTE 10 LOCAII DIN EUROPA I USA(ORGANIZAII INTERNAIONALE N ADR).

PERSONAL, MULUMESC CELOR CARE AU AJUTAT LA CRETEREACALITII MATERIALELOR PUBLICATE I DORESC S V ANUN C DIN

LUNA MARTIE REVISTA A FOST NREGISTRAT N CATALOGULREVISTELOR DE SPECIALITATE ALE BIBLIOTECII CENTRALEUNIVERSITARE BU CURETI.

AT THIS MOMENT, THE MONTHLY BILINGUAL MAGAZINE MEDIATIONTECHNIQUE AND ART IS DISTRIBUTED IN OVER 70 LOCATIONS INROMANIA (PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF MEDIATORS, COURTS,NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MAGISTRACY, SUPERIOR COUNCIL OFMAGISTRACY, MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, UNIVERSITIES, MAYORS HALLS,ETC), AND ALSO IN OVER 10 LOCATION FORM EUROPE AND USA(INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN ADR).

I WISH TO THANK PERSONALLY TO ALL THOSE WHO HELPED INCREASETHE QUALITY OF PUBLISHED ARTICLES AND I WISH TO ANNOUNCETHAT AS OF MARCH 2011, THE MAGAZINE HAS BEEN REGISTERED INTHE SPECIALIZED J OURNALS CATALOGUE OF CENTRAL UNIVERSITARYLIBRARY OF BUCHAREST.

THE MUGUR MITROI MEDIATION TRAININGSCHOOL PROVIDES, TOGETHER WITH THECOURSE MANUAL, NEEDED IN ACQUIRING BASICKNOWLEDGE TO BECOME A MEDIATOR, THE TWOWORKS CONCERNING PROCEDURE AND CON-FLICT, NAMELY: THE GUIDE OF PROFESSIONALMEDIATOR AND MEDIATION AND CONFLICT,WHILE THE MEDIATORS THAT WILL BE AUTHOR-

IZED WILL BE PROVIDED WITH FREE ADVERTIS-ING FOR A PERIOD OF 90 DAYS ON THE WEBSITESAFFILIATED TO FMMM:WWW.PORTALMEDIERE.RO, WWW.MEDIERETV.RO,MEDIEREATEHNICASIARTA.RO.

COALA DE FORMARE N MEDIERE MUGURMITROI V ASIGUR, ALTURI DE SUPORTUL DE

CURS, NECESARUL DOBNDIRIICUNOTINELOR DE BAZ PENTRU A DEVENI

MEDIATOR I CELE DOU LUCRRI CE PRIVESCPROCEDURA I CONFLICTUL - ANUME: GHIDUL

MEDIATORULUI PROFESIONIST I MEDIEREI CONFLICT, IAR MEDIATORILOR CARE SE VOR

AUTORIZA LE ASIGUR PROMOVARE GRATUITPE O PERIOAD DE 90 DE ZILE N CADRULSAITURILOR AFILIATE FMMM:

WWW.PORTALMEDIERE.RO, WWW.MEDIERETV.RO,MEDIEREATEHNICASIARTA.RO.

coala de formare n mediere

mugur mitroiwww.fmmm.ro

[email protected]+40 753 103 613


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medierea, tehnic i art

3

.. | .. | ..

C O L E C TIV UL DE R E DAC IE :M M coordonator,M C redactor ef

L A M Z magistrat, coordonator seciunea Magistraii despre mediere

conf. univ. dr. G P dr. n filosofie, Universitatea Cretin Dimitrie Cantemirdrd. C G mediator, avocat, Universitatea Cretin Dimitrie Cantemir

E N traductorV R layout i tehnoredactare

Tipar:E P CS.R.L. Buzu | 0338.101.253 | [email protected]

S.C. FMMM S.R.L.

DIN CUPRINS

M ................. ................. ..........

Aurora CirligP ...................................................................................Alexandra-Georgia Varga ................ ................. ................. ................ .. Camelia Gabriela Iusco ...... J ... ........................................................................Dana PantaziM ................. ................. ................. ................ Simona Aradei-OdenkirchenN D ...........................................................................Michael Leathes

V ... ......Stefania SaradiciM ....................................................Linda LazarusD . C ................. .. Dana Maria MardareM * ............... ................. ................ ................. .....

Mugur MitroiM , .............. Zena D. Zumeta, J.D.C "-" .............. Larry Susskind

O ................. ................. ................. ................. ....... Daniel KershenC M ........................................................................C ............... ................. ................. ....... Valeria CiupituZ B ................ ................ ................. ............. Gabriela Ichim

M ..........................................

Aurora CirligT ..........................................................................Alexandra-Georgia VargaT ...........................................................................Camelia Gabriela Iusco Q .................................D ... A ..........................................................Dana PantaziM . L ................................................................Simona Aradei-OdenkirchenS G .........................................................................................

Michael Leathes

F ... ....Stefania SaradiciM .........................................................Linda LazarusD . W ......... Dana Maria MardareM * ..............................................................

Mugur MitroiF, ...Zena D. Zumeta, J.D.W - ...............................................Larry Susskind

B ..................................................................Daniel KershenW M ......................................................................W ......................................................Valeria CiupituT B .......................................................Gabriela Ichim


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4

MOZAIC MEDIERE GNDETE DIFERIT

S untem de mult n aza de pio-nierat a medierii, n care estesuficient sa ai fler, intuiie inoroc pentru a ajunge un media-tor de succes. Mai mult dect orice,conteaza relaiile interumane, eluln care tii cum sa asculti, sa inter-pretezi si sa rezolvi o disputa intredoua parti.

Ce este comunicarea? Asa cumspune John Fiske in cartea sa In-troducere in stiintele comunicarii,comunicarea este aceea activitateuman pe care fiecare dintre noio poate recunoate, ns puini opot defini satisctor. Personal

vin, dupa 18 ani de lucru in cadrulunei companii de telecomunicatii,in acest nou domeniu, in aceastanoua bransa. Nu am avut retineriin momentul alegerii noului drumpe care urmeaza, la el ca multi altimediatori, sa il urmez.. Am avutocazia timp de 5 ani de zi le, la com-pania de unde vin, sa lucrez directsi indirect cu oamenii, sa relatio-nez si sa rezolv dierite probleme.Experienta obtinuta in acest timpm-a acut sa inteleg mult mai usoroamenii iar rasplata era momen-tul in care vedeam ca pleaca de lamine multumiti de rezultat. La ele si in mediere. Este greu sa acioamenii sa consume un produs

nou pe piata ara o buna si realapromovare. Medierile incep de celemai multe ori de la o intalnire intredoi oameni. Eticheta in mediere neormeaza acel awareness personalcare ace ca purtarea noastra sa fieputin dierita decat a celor din jur,ceva care-i ace pe oameni sa nesune sau sa ne ceara ajutorul.

Principalele cuvinte cheie pentrumediere sunt: negociere, acilitate,incredere si neutralitate. Nu e des-tul sa parcurgi doar prima etapa dinormarea ca mediator ci trebuie par-curs in continuare acest drum de

ormare continua. Matematic vor-bind X si Y(partile aflate in conflict)sunt doua variabile ce pot fi medi-ate printr-un proces de mediere iarmediatorul poate estima rezultatul,rezultat care uneori poate fi dihoto-mic(.diviziunea in doua parti a unuiconcept, ara ca acesta sa isi piardaintelesul initial). Cititnd articole sicarti din domeniul psihologiei scri-se de: David Kenny, Reuben Baron,David P. MacKinnon, Amanda J.Fairchild, Matthew S. Fritz si altiipsihologi, mi-am dat seama ca amun drum lung de urmat in privinta

studierii si aproundarii tehnicilorin mediere.Recent, la Conerinta Internatio-

nala Justitie si Mediere, am avut pla-cerea de a asculta proesionisti dindomeniul medierii, oameni care auacceptat, si nu pentru prima data, sa

ne deschida ochii si sa ne intareascaprincipiile. Ascultandu-I visam cuochii deschisi la momentul in care

vom ajunge si noi la un astel de sta-tut, la etapa in care medierea va ficunoscuta si aplicata cu success intoate ramurile conflictuale.

Se tot scrie si se discuta pe temamediereii, insa, daca nu am alescalea potrivita pentru promovare?Poate era cazul sa intrebam oa-menii daca considera utila aceastameserie si nu invers. Poate nu maiexistau discutii pe cat de bine pro-moveaza unii si altii acest, NOU,enomen. Luat pulsul din stradase vede nestiinta oamenilor in le-gatura cu medierea si mediatorii.Inversa promovare poate ne-ar aju-ta maim ult si nu ar mai fi cazul saasteptam ajutorul din alta parte. Sescriu carti, reviste, ziare, care ajungtot la . Mediatori. Nu e hilar acestapt? Ne continuam pregatirea pro-esionala dar de cea a celui carepoate beneficia-justitiabilul, la unmoment dat, cine se ocupa?

A CMediator

Secretar Colegiul Mediatorilordin Regiunea de Nord-Vest

MEDIATION MOSAIC THINK DIFFERENT!

We are now or some timein the pioneering phaseo mediation, where isenough to have flair, intuition andluck to become a successul media-tor. More than anything, inter-hu-man relationships, how you knowto listen, to interpret and solve adispute between two parties are theelements that matter.

What is communication? As JohnFiske said in his book "Introductionto Communication Sciences," com-munication is that "human activityeach o us can recognize, but ewcan define satisactorily." I personal-ly come, afer 18 years in a telecom-munications company, to work inthis new field, in this new industry.I was not reluctant when choosingthe new path I want to ollow, likemany other mediators. I had theopportunity or 5 years, in the com-pany where I am coming rom, towork directly and indirectly withpeople, to relate and resolve issues.Experience gained during this timemade me understand people moreeasily and the reward was when Isaw them leaving satisfied with theresult. Te same happens in media-tion too. It is hard to make people

"consume" a new product on themarket without a good and real pro-motion. Mediation ofen starts roma meeting between two people. La-bel in mediation orms that personal

"awareness" which makes our behav-iour to be slightly different than theothers, something that makes peo-ple call us or ask us or help.

Te main keywords or media-tion are: negotiation, acility, trustand neutrality. It's not enoughonly to go through the first stageo training as a mediator, but onemust go urther this continuoustraining. Mathematically speaking,X and Y (the parties to the conflict)are two variables that may be me-diated through a process o media-tion and the mediator can predictthe outcome, a result which cansometimes be dichotomous (split oa concept in two parts, without los-ing the original meaning). Readingpsychology articles and books writ-ten by: David Kenny, Reuben Baron,David P. MacKinnon, AmandaJ. Fairchild, Matthew S. Fritz andother psychologists, I realized that Ihave a long way orward in terms ostudying and deepening in media-tion techniques.

Recently, at the InternationalConerence Justice and Mediation, I

had the pleasure to listen to media-tion proessionals, people who haveaccepted, not or the first time, toopen our eyes and consolidate ourprinciples. Listening to them, I wasdreaming with eyes open at the mo-ment when we reach such a status,at the stage when mediation will beknown and applied successully inall branches o the conflict

People keep writing and discuss-ing about mediation, but what i wehavent chosen the right path orpromotion? Perhaps we should haveasked people i they considered this

proession useul, not the other wayaround. Perhaps there were no dis-cussions on how well some promotethis new phenomenon. aking the

"pulse" o the street, one can noticepeoples ignorance about mediationand mediators. Perhaps the reversepromotion can help us more andthereore we should no longer ex-pect help rom elsewhere. Books,magazines, newspapers are beingwritten, but they reach...again themediators. Isnt this hilarious? Wecontinue our proessional trainingbut who takes care o the proes-

sional training o the person whomight benefit the litigant?

A CMediator

Secretary with the College of Me-diators from North-West Region


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5

PUTEREA DE A FI

Suntem la sritul anului 2011 i nCluj-Napoca am adunat zeci demii de procese pe rolul instanelorjudectoreti. Suntem, n esen, un oracentru universitar, cu o via economico-social dezvoltat i cu oameni mndric sunt clujeni. Ceea ce nu avem, dar n-cercm s acem rost, ceea ce nu suntem,dar ncercm s devenim are la baz ceeace am discutat i rediscutat de zeci de ani,mentalitatea noastr. Cu toii suntem deacord c ar trebui schimbat, dar nu a-cem prea puine n aceast privin.

Mentalitatea de grup uncioneaz caun sistem al mentalitilor individuale. Iarmentalitatea individual se axeaz pe tan-demul dintre inormaie i putere.

Suntem sau nu suntem inormai? Amscris despre mediere i aplicabilitatea ei nmai multe domenii, am modiicat legis-laia, am organizat dezbateri publice petema medierii, am participat la seminariii conerine, am ormat mediatori proesi-oniti. Nivelul avansat al tehnologiei inor-maiei constituie un argument pentru tezaairmativ da, suntem inomai, suntemla un click distan de a cunoate. Cel carese apr susinnd c nu tie poate apreadrept un ignorant. Pe de alt parte, tezaopus ar i nu, nu suntem inormaidestul, inormaia nu este consistent.Cunoatem, dar nu cunoatem suicientnct s ne simim n siguran. Dar ori-care dintre aceste variante am aborda lanivel personal, rmne o certitudine cavem inormaii despre mediere i rm-

ne la latitudinea iecruia dac dorete scunoasc mai multe sau nu.Puterea. Vrem s im puternici, dar

ne-am obinuit s ne lsm condui, scopiem r s adaptm, s ieim n lumedar s ne ntoarcem la el de sraci, s ledm altora puterea de a pune punctul pe

i lund decizii n locul nostru. S ie maicomod? Poate, la prima vedere, ns eec-tul comoditii const n depersonalizare.

Lipsa dorinei pentru mai multe inor-maii i depersonalizarea venit din pasi-

vitate ne ghideaz de cele mai multe ori naa instanei de judecat unde dup multtimp o parte pierde i ajunge s acuze jus-

tiia de corupie. Cealalt parte ctig unrezultat, dar ajunge s-i piard resursele(umane, inanciare sau timp). Ctigul de-vine deci discutabil, la el ca dreptatea pen-tru c depinde de prea multe necunoscute,se ajusteaz n uncie de prea multe m-prejurri. Scuza corupiei, la el ca cea alipsei de inormaie, apare ca desuet.

Cnd ctigul devine discutabil, pu-terea individual scade i este greu de re-cuperat. i pentru a deveni mai puternicieste necesar s putem lua propriile deciziipentru c noi suntem singurii care ne timpropriile nevoi i de aceea suntem singu-rii care putem lua decizii asumate. Cu ct

suntem mai inormai, cu att devenimmai puternici. i ne pstrm puterea at-ta timp ct continum s lum propriiledecizii n loc s lsm o alt persoan s iadecizia n locul nostru.

n momentul n care mentalitatea indi-vidual se schimb de la a alege pe un altul

pentru a decide pentru noi la a m alegepe mine pentru a decide pentru mine,

vom nelege de ce medierea este cea maiavantajoas procedur consacrat legislativ.

La modul general, orice conlict aredou pri. Dar unde-s doi puterea nucrete. Unde-s doi crete starea conlic-tual, resursa inanciar investit, resursauman ori timpul. De apt, puterea creteunde-s trei. Este nevoie doar de dou prii un mediator, iar dac prile se simt nnesiguran pot i asistate de un avocat.Mediatorul este proesionistul care d pu-tere iecrei pri, n egal msur, pentrua lua decizii asumate de iecare parte, deci-zii care pornesc din interiorul iecrui in-divid, decizii care nu sunt impuse. Cum depoate ace aa ceva un mediator? Va trebuis alegem medierea pentru a nelege.

Este evident, nu orice conlict se poatemedia. Mai nti pentru c legea n modexpres scoate de sub aplicabilitatea medieriianumite conlicte, iar mai apoi pentru cmentalitatea in-dividual a unoradintre noi doretespectacolul uneisli de judecat.Acest spectacoleste uneori ne-cesar, alteori ilu-zoriu, dar este deeect, chiar dacpentru scurt timp.

Dac justiiase nptuiete

prin intermediulinstanelor dejudecat, atuncipoate c putereade a i a iecru-ia dintre noi senptuiete prinintermediul medierii. Depinde de iecaredac alege ceea ce e just sau ceea ce i dputere. Majoritatea dintre noi, cei caream alege ca prim pas ntotdeauna medi-erea, am simit c ceea ce este just nu ned uneori putere, dar ceea ce ne d putereeste ntotdeauna just pentru noi. Probabilpentru c justiia este o valoare care nu se

schimb, dar se interpreteaz (i putem ivictime ale acestei interpretri), pe cndputerea este o virtute, proprie i personala iecruia, pe care o avem cu toii ntr-omsur mai mare sau mai mic, dar pecare toi, r excepie, vrem s o mrim.

Concluzia acestor rnduri, care nu sevor a i o od medierii sau o golire a pro-cedurii n aa instanei de judecat, esteuna extrem de simpl dac dorim sncercm s lum propriile decizii pentrupropriile probleme, schimbndu-ne m-car puin mentalitatea, atunci am puteaavea mult de ctigat n primul rnd peplan personal. Iar puterea de a i a unei

comuniti st n puterea de a i a iecruimembru al comunitii. Putem ncerca sim mai puternici?

A-G VAvocat, Baroul Cluj

Mediator, Colegiul Mediatorilor dinRegiunea de Nord-Vest

THE POWER OF BEING

We are now at the end o 2011and we have gathered in Cluj-Napoca tens o thousand o law-suits pending beore the courts. We are, inessence, a university city with a developedeconomic and social lie and people whoare proud to be Cluj inhabitants. Whatwe do not have, but try to obtain, whatwe are not, but try to become, is based onwhat we have discussed and re-discussedor decades, i.e. our mentality. We allagree that it should change, but we do toolittle in this regard.

Group mentality works as a systemo individual attitudes. And individualmentality ocuses on the inormationand power tandem.

Are or are we not inormed? I wroteabout mediation and its applicability inseveral areas, I have changed the law, I haveorganized public debates on mediation, Ihave attended seminars and conerences, Ihave trained proessional mediators. he

advanced level oinormation tech-nology representsan argument orairmative sen-tence yes, weare inormed, weare one click awayrom knowing.He who deendsarguing that hedoes not knowmay seem to be

an ignorant. Onthe other hand,the opposite sen-tence would be

no, we are not in-ormed enough,inormation is

not consistent. We know, but not enoughto eel sae. But no matter what o these

variants we approach at a personal level, itremains a act that we have inormationabout mediation and it is up to each one ous to want to know more or not.

Power. We want to be powerul, butwe got used to allowing ourselves be led,

copy without adapting, see the world butreturn as poor as beore, give others thepower to make the point and take deci-sions or us. Is this more convenient?Perhaps, at a irst look, but the eect oconvenience is depersonalization.

Lack o desire or more inormationand depersonalization deriving rompassivity guide us most times beore thecourt, where eventually one o the partiesends up losing and accuses justice o cor-ruption. he other party wins a result, butends up losing resources (human, inan-cial or time). he gain is thereore ques-tionable, just like justice, because it de-

pends on too many unknowns, it adjustsdepending on too many circumstances.he excuse o corruption, just like thelack o inormation, appears as obsolete.

When the gain becomes questionable,the individual power decreases and ishard to recover. And to become stronger,

it is necessary to be able to make ourown decisions because we are the onlyones who know our own needs and thatis why we are the only ones who cantake decisions. he more inormed, thestronger we become. And we keep ourpower as long as we continue to take ourown decisions rather than letting some-one else make the decision or us.

he moment individual mentalitychanges rom choosing another personto decide or you to choosing mysel todecide or mysel, that is when we willeventually understand why mediationis the most advantageous legislative pro-cedure.

Generally speaking, any conlict hastwo sides. But where there are two, pow-er does not increase. Where there are two,the conlict, the inancial resources in-

vested, human resources or time increas-es. In act, the power increases wherethere are three. It takes only two partiesand a mediator, and i the parties eel in-secure they may be assisted by a lawyer.he mediator is the proessional whoempowers each party equally to take de-cisions assumed by each side, decisionsthat come rom inner, decisions that arenot imposed. How can a mediator do allthese things? You should choose media-tion to be able to understand.

Obviously, not every conlict can bemediated. Firstly, because the law ex-pressly removes certain conlicts romthe applicability o mediation and sec-

ondly because the individual mental-ity o some o us wants a courtroomshow. his show is sometimes necessary,sometimes illusory, but it has a certaineect, even i or a short period o time.

I justice is achieved through thecourts o law, then perhaps the powero being or each one o us is achievedthrough mediation. It depends on eachone o us to choose what is right or whatgives the power. Most o us, who wouldalways choose mediation as a irst step,elt that what is just sometimes doesnot give us power, but whatever givesus power is always right or us. Probably

because justice is a value that does notchange, but is interpretable (and we canbe victims o this interpretation), whilepower is a virtue, own individual andpersonal, that we all have at a certainextent, but that we all, without exception,want to increase.

he conclusion o these lines, that arenot intended to be an ode to mediationor an emptying o the proceedings beorethe court, is extremely simple i we try totake our own decisions or own problemsby changing our mentality at least a bit,then we may have much to gain person-ally irst. And the power o being o a com-

munity lies in the power o being o eachmember in the community. Could we trybeing more powerul?

A-G VLawyer, Cluj Bar

Mediator, College of Mediators fromNorth-West Area


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6

NCREDEREA N MEDIEREINTRODUCERE

ncrederea este esenial pentrumediere. n timp ce literatura despecialitate in domeniul medieriisubliniaz importana " construiriincrederii" i "dezvoltarea raportuluide ncredere" exist o lips de nele-gere a ceea ce genereaz n mod spe-cial ncrederea n domeniul medierii.

n acest articol am ncercat sidentific i analizez comportamen-te specifice, calitile personale istrategii care promova ncrederea ndomeniul medierii. nelegerea sub-tilitii a ceea ce de apt genereazncrederea n mediator, n procesulde mediere, este important n spri-jinirea mediatorilor n ncercarea lorde a crea un mediu de mediere carepermite prilor realizeze cele maibune rezultate posibile.

IMPORTANA NCREDERIIN MEDIERE

Cuvntul cheie este ncrede-rea. Dictinarul explicativ al limbiiromne definete ncrederea ca s.f.

Aciunea de a (se) ncrede i rezulta-tul ei; sentiment de siguran fa decinstea, buna-credin sau sinceritatea cuiva; credin. Expr. Om (sau per-soan) de (mare) ncredere = persoa-n creia i se poate ncredina oricesecret, orice misiune".

Astel din momentul in care intrn substana unui conflict, media-

torii se lupt s ctige ncredereaprilor. Pe tot parcursul medieriiacetia ncearc s construiasc i smenin ncrederea prilor n pro-cesul de mediere, n mediator. Ast-el, cnd nivelul ncrederii este mare,prile sunt mai puin deensive isunt mai doritoare s dezvluie i simparteasc amnunte, inormaiicu cealalt parte aflat la masa me-dierii, precum i n sesiunea separatcu mediatorul amnunte sau in-ormaii care pot fi cruciale pentru aajunge la o soluie mutual acceptat.

Ct este de important increderea

n mediere ? Consider c nici o altcalitate nu este mai important nprocesul de mediere dect aceea dea putea s inspiri i s construietincredere.

NCREDEREA N MEDIATORMediatorul este figura central

n procesul de mediere. Fr me-diator probabil prile vor rmnen litigiu sau, cel puin n impas. nschimb, alturi de mediator prileau sperana de a ajunge la un acordsau rezoluie

Rolul general al mediatorului

este de a acilita mpcarea prilorsau de a ajunge la o soluie mutualacceptat.

Mediatorii au rolul de a acilitaprilor avansarea n rezolvarea dis-putei lor prin aciuni de ascultare,empatizare, recunoatere, clarificare,

probare .a.m.d.Pentru ca prile s fie deschise

i dispuse s apeleze i s participela procesul de mediere trebuie sperceap persoana mediatorului cafiind una de ncredere. n majorita-tea cazurilor prile nu sunt amiliarecu mediatorul; prile i mediatorulsunt strini. De obicei prima ntl-nire cu mediatorul este fie ntlnireapreliminar, fie prima sesiune a me-dierii. n aceste condiii, mediatorultrebuie s lucreze la stabilirea ncre-derii rapid.

ntruct medierea este volunta-r prile variaz n dorina lor dea avea ncredere n mediator. De

exemplu, prile care au ost direci-onate ctre medierea poate fi suspi-cioase sau reticente s aib ncrederen mediator ntruct au senzaia casunt obligate s participe la mediere.

Pe de alt parte parile care au aless participe la mediere vor fi recepti-

ve i mai deschise n a avea ncrederen mediator.ns, indierent dac prile au

dorina de a avea ncredere este rolulmediatorului de a stabili ncredereaacestora. Mediatorii cercettori ispecialiti au identificat urmtoarelecaliti personale ale mediatoruluila el de eficiente n promovarea n-crederii n mediator: empatia i cre-dibilitatea. Acestea le vom dezvoltasuccint mai jos.

EMPATIAEmpatia este capacitatea de a n-

telege i de a mprti sentimenteleceluilalt. Capacitatea mediatoruluide a empatiza cu prile aflate nconflict a ost recunoscut ca fiindundamental n stabilirea ncrederiin mediere. Aceasta, ntruct prilelitigante apeleaz la mediator pentru

TRUST IN MEDIATIONINTRODUCTION

rust is essential or mediation.While the specialized literature inmediation stresses the importanceo "building confidence" and "de-

veloping the confidence relation-ship" there is a lack o understand-ing what generates the particularconfidence in mediation field.

In this article I tried to identiyand analyze specific behaviors, per-sonal qualities and strategies thatpromote confidence in mediation.Understanding the subtlety o whatactually generates confidence inmediation, within the mediationprocess, is important to support

mediators in their attempt to cre-ate a work environment that allowsparties to achieve the best possibleresults.

THE IMPORTANCE OF TRUST INTHE MEDIATION

Te key word is "confidence".Te dictionary o the Romanianlanguage defines trust as "the actof trusting and its outcome, feelingof safe towards the honesty, good

faith or sincerity of someone. Phrase:Man (or person) of (high) confidence= person who may be entrusted withany secret, any mission."

So, once they enter the sub-stance o conflict, mediators strug-gle to gain the trust o the parties.Troughout the mediation they tryto build and maintain the confi-dence o the parties in the media-

tion process, in the mediator. Tus,when the confidence is high, par-ties are less deensive and are will-ing to disclose details and shareinormation with the other party atthe mediation table, as well in theseparate sessions with the mediator

details or inormation that may becrucial to reach a mutually accept-able solution.

How important is confidence inmediation? I believe that no otherquality is more important in themediation process than to be ableto inspire and build confidence.

TRUST IN MEDIATORTe mediator is the central figure

in the mediation process. Withouta mediator the parties will prob-ably remain in dispute or at least,trapped in a stalemate. Instead,alongside the mediator the partieshope to reach an agreement or res-olution. Te general role o the me-diator is to acilitate reconciliationor to help parties reach a mutuallyacceptable solution.

Mediators are designed to acili-tate the parties advance in the reso-lution o their conflict by listening,empathizing, recognition, clarifica-tion, etc.

In order or the parties to be openand willing to seek and participatein the mediation process they mustperceive the mediator as a trustulperson. In most cases the partiesare not amiliar with the mediator,the parties and the mediator arestrangers. Usually, the first meetingis either the preliminary meetingor the first session o mediation. In

these circumstances, the mediatorshould work to gain trust quickly.Since mediation is voluntary,

parties vary in their desire to trustthe mediator. For example, the par-ties who were directed to mediationmay be suspicious or reluctant totrusting the mediator because theyeel they are obliged to participatein mediation.

On the other hand, the partieswho chose to participate in me-diation will be responsive and opento trust the mediator. However,whether the parties desire to have

confidence, the mediators role is toestablish confidence.Researchers and specialists

have identified the ollowingpersonal qualities o the mediatorequally effective in promoting trustin the mediator: empathy and cred-ibility. We will speak about themlater on.

EMPATHYEmpathy is the ability to under-

stand and share eelings to others.Te mediator's ability to empathizewith the parties in conflict has been

recognized as being undamentalin establishing confidence in me-diation. Tis is because litigantsresort to mediator or a conflictunresolved that has affected theireelings one way or another, that iswhy it is important or the mediator


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un conflict nerezolvat care le-a aec-tat ntr-un el sau altul sentimentele,de aceea este important ca media-torul s neleag, s aprecieze i srecunoasc sentimentele, temerile,nevoile i ngrijorrile prilor.

CREDIBILITATEACredibilitatea mediatorului este

apreciat de unii mediatorii cerce-ttori ca fiind de departe cea maiimportant calitate a mediatorului.Credibilitatea nseamn ncredere icompeten. Prile consider adeseaun mediator credibil acela care de-monstreaz expertiz i competenade a observa lucrurile n amnunt.

Astel un mediator care este cre-dibil, competent i experimentat vaavea mai degrab capacitatea de adobndi ncrederea prilor. Pe dealt parte, un mediator care nu arecredibilitate i competen va creaun sentiment de nesiguran prilor,acestea punnd la ndoial capacita-tea mediatorului de a finaliza proce-sul de mediere.

NCREDEREA N MEDIEREPe lng aptul c prile au n-

credere n mediator, ele trebuie saib ncredere i n medierea nsi.Dei mediatorul acioneaz ca unacilitator al medierii i nu poate fiseparat de aceasta este important caprile s aib ncredere c mediereaeste soluia rezolvrii conflictului lor.ncrederea n procesul medierii estegenerata de dou componente: cre-

dibilitate i imparialitateCREDIBILITATEA

Credibilitate procesul de mediereeste un apt esenial i ea poate re-zulta din dou surse: de la tere per-soane (mediator, avocai, experi, altepersoane care au apelat la mediere)sau de la prile n conflict.

n primul rnd mediatorul, avo-catul, expertul sau alte persoane careau apelat la mediere pot susine irecomanda procesul de mediere cafiind cea mai eficient metod derezolvare a conflictului. Aceast re-

comandare venit din partea uneitere persoane poate conta oartemult pentru prile aflate n conflictn determinarea alegerii lor de a ac-cepta medierea.

n al doilea rnd, credibilitateavine i din aptul nelegerii de ctrepri a ceea ce semnific procesulde mediere. De cele mai multe oriprile nu neleg ce semnific ntrutotul procesul medierii, iar aici irevine mediatorului rolul de a ex-plica aceasta. De aceea, este aproape

vital ca mediatorul s aloce timp sexplice prilor care este exact rolul

mediere, a structurii procesului demediere i nu n ultimul rnd al me-diatorului.

De asemenea, este extrem de im-portant ca mediatorul s explice pr-ilor c medierea este confidenial.De altel, confidenialitatea medierii

este un element primordial n con-struirea credibilitii procesului demediere. Confidenialitatea le cre-eaz prilor sigurana c n timpulmedierii pot s se exprime liber ionest ntr-un mediu protejat.

IMPARIALITATEAUn proces de mediere imparial

aciliteaz dobndirea ncrederii:prile au nevoie s simt c sunt tra-tate egal. De aceea este important camediatorul s depun eorturi pen-tru a asigura imparialitatea medierii,ntruct o lips de imparialitate poa-te duce la pierderea ncrederii pri-lor i la eecul procesului de mediere.

CONCLUZIIncrederea determin comporta-

mentul prilor raportat la mediere:ncrederea ajut prile s ncercesoluionarea conflictului ivit ntre ele,determin un comportament pozitiva de reuita procesului de medie-re. De aceea este esenial ca prile saib ncredere, scopul acestui articolfiind acela de a sublinia cteva aspec-te importante de care trebuie s inseama mediatorul n eorturile salede a cpta ncrederea prilor n per-soana sa i a procesului de mediere.

C G IMediator

Colegiul Mediatorilordin Regiunea de Nord-Vest

to understand, appreciate and rec-ognize the eelings, ears, needs andconcerns o the parties.

CREDIBILITYTe credibility o a mediator is

considered by some researchersby ar the most important qualityo the mediator. Credibility meanstrust and competence. Te partiesofen consider that a credible me-diator is the one who demonstratesexpertise and competence to seethings in detail.

Tus, a mediator who is credible,competent and experienced willrather have the ability to acquireconfidence o the parties. On theother hand, a mediator who hasno credibility and competence willcreate uncertainty to parties, whowill be questioning the mediator'sability to complete the mediationprocess.

TRUST IN MEDIATIONBesides the act that the parties

trust the mediator, they must haveconfidence in the mediation itsel.Although the mediator acts as a a-cilitator o mediation and can notbe separated rom it, is importantor the parties to be confident thatmediation is the solution to theirconflicts resolution. Te confi-dence in the mediation processis generated by two components:

credibility and impartiality.

CREDIBILITYTe credibility o the mediation

process is an essential act and mayresult rom two sources: rom thirdparties (mediators, lawyers, expertsand other people who have turnedto mediation) or rom the parties inconflict.

First, the mediator, lawyer, ex-pert or other persons who usedmediation can support and rec-ommend the mediation process asbeing the most effective method toresolve conflicts. Te recommen-dation made by a third party canmake a real difference to the con-flicting parties in their choice to ac-cept mediation.

Secondly, credibility also comesrom parties understanding whatthe mediation process signifies.Most times, the parties do not un-derstand ully what the mediationprocess means, and here intervenesthe mediator, who has the role oexplaining it.

Tereore, it is almost vital orthe mediator to spend time explain-ing the parties what the role o me-diation is exactly, the structure othe mediation process and not lasto the mediator.

It is also extremely important orthe mediator to explain the partiesthat mediation is confidential. Inact, the confidentiality o media-tion is a crucial element in building

credibility in the mediation process.Confidentiality creates certaintythat during mediation the partiescan speak reely and honestly in aprotected environment.

IMPARTIALITYAn impartial mediation process

acilitates the acquiring o trust: theparties need to eel they are treatedequally. It is thereore important orthe mediator to do his/her best e-orts to ensure impartial mediation,as the lack o impartiality can leadto loss o confidence o and the ail-

ure o the mediation process.CONCLUSIONS

rust determines the behavioro parties in relation to mediation:confidence helps the parties to seekresolution or the conflict arisingbetween them, determines a posi-tive behavior towards the success othe mediation process. It is there-ore essential or the parties to haveconfidence, the purpose o this ar-ticle is to highlight some importantissues that the mediators need totake into account in their efforts to

gain confidence in them and in theprocess o mediation.

C G IMediator

College of Mediatorson North-West Area


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20 QUESTIONS PEOPLE ASKABOUT MEDIATION

1. WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OFHAVING A MEDIATOR?

Te key advantage is the gate-way provide to interest-basednegotiation by the presence o aneutral person in the negotiatingrame one who can handle theprocess and enable the partiesto negotiate based more on theirneeds than on the positions thathave taken.

In most cultures, people tendto negotiate rom positions. Posi-tional negotiation usually involvesextreme opening positions, acompromise somewhere betweenthe parties opening positions,a process o gradual and usu-ally mutual concessions cloudedby tactics exaggerations, dis-guised and undisguised threats,overstatements and ofen lies andtrickery. Positional negotiationails i insufficient concessionsare made. Positional negotiationis quite easy, and does not stretchthe players negotiating abilities.

Interest-based negotiation hap-pens when the parties ocus ontheir needs and interests morethan on their positions, enablingthem to achieve more creative op-tions or mutual gain. It is a morecollaborative, less combative ex-

perience aimed at maximizing thevalue on the negotiating table o-ten by bringing to the table valuethat may not necessarily be thereinitially.

Te presence o a skilled neutralchanges the negotiating dynamicin a critical way. Te mediatorcan help the parties to keep thenegotiation ocused and ramedpositively, and to consider theirpositions and interests more ob-

jectively and realistically. Tiscalls or wide-ranging and excep-tional skills on the mediators part,

and the parties need to be able totrust the mediator. From the par-ties perspective, a aster and high-er quality outcome can usually beexpected rom the engagement oa competent, suitable mediator inmost negotiations.

2. HOW DO I GET THE OTHERSIDE TO AGREE TO USE AMEDIATOR?

Propose it, but do it in a waythat avoids conveying a sense oweakness. Tis can be done byexplaining why it makes sense or

the other side as well as you. Temost common shared reasons orengaging in dispute resolutionmediation are: it maximizes the chances i

there are any o reaching anagreement

it keeps everyones costs to theminimum (see Q5)

it prevents issues escalating outo control

it is your policy to proposemediation prior to engaging inlitigation

i litigation has started, it isyour policy to try and negotiateoutcomes i possible.

I there is no dispute, thenthe weakness issue is less pro-nounced, or is not a actor at all.

Te most common shared reasonsor engaging in deal mediationare: a mediator will help keep the

negotiation collaborative andcreative

the mediator will take the pro-cess hassle out o the agenda

although there is a cost actor, itis minor compared to the ben-efits attainable.

3. ARE MEDIATORS BOUND BY APROFESSIONAL CODE OFCONDUCT?

Tey certainly should be. Manymediators are associated with oneor more provider institutions andadopt their Code o Conduct. Youshould always ask to see a copy othe code and be sure you are com-

ortable with it. Most mediatorsalso carry a proessional indem-nity insurance policy, which it isalso wise to veriy.

4. HO W DO I CH ECK OUT AMEDIATORS CREDENTIALS?

Ask or their Profile, resum orCV. Te key things you should belooking to satisy yoursel aboutare the mediators competency,and her/his suitability as a media-tor in your situation. I the media-tor is IMI Certified, look them upon www.IMImediation.org.

On competency, key questionsto ask are: How experienced is the media-

tor? What sort o eedback has the

mediator received rom priorusers?

Which proessional certifica-tions does the mediator have?On suitability, you need to con-

sider: Will everyone be able to respect

and trust this person as the me-diator?

I the issue is technical or spe-

cialised, the mediator handledsimilar situations? Are the mediators costs appro-

priate or your case?Make a shortlist o several me-

diators and discuss the shortlistwith the other side. ry to agree on

20 DE NTREBRI PE CARE OAME-NII I LE PUN DESPRE MEDIERE

1. CARE ESTE AVANTAJUL DE AAVEA UN MEDIATOR?

Principalul avantaj este poartade acces pentru o negociere bazatpe interese, data de prezena uneipersoane neutre n cadrul negocie-rii - care se poate ocupa de proces icare permite prilor s negociezemai mult pe baza nevoilor lor dectpe poziiile luate.

n cele mai multe culturi, oameniitind s negocieze de pe poziii. Ne-gocierea poziional implic adesea,poziii extreme de deschidere, uncompromis undeva ntre deschide-rea poziiilor, un proces de concesiitreptate i, de obicei, reciproce, um-brite de "tactici" - exagerri, ame-ninri deghizate i nedeghizate, su-praevalurile i, adesea, minciuni inelciune. Negociere poziionaleueaz dac sunt cute concesiiinsuficiente. Negocierea poziionaleste destul de uoar i nu extindeabilitile de negociere ale jucatorilor.

Negocierea bazat pe intere-se apare atunci cnd prile seconcentreaz pe nevoi i interesemai mult dect pe poziiile lor, per-mindu-le s obin mai multeopiuni creative pentru un ctigreciproc. Este o experien maicolaborativ, mai puin combative,care vizeaz maximizarea valorii de

la masa negocierilor - de multe oriprin aducerea la mas a unei valoricare iniial nu usese acolo.

Prezena unui ter neutru schim-b dinamica negocierilor ntr-unmod critic. Mediatorul poate ajutaprile s menin negocierile con-centrate i ncadrate n mod pozitivi s ia n considerare poziiile iinteresele mai obiectiv i mai realist.Acest lucru necesit competeneextinse i excepionale din parteamediatorului, iar prile trebuie spoat avea ncredere n mediator.Din punctul de vedere al prilor,

un rezultat de calitate mai mare imai rapid poate fi, de obicei, de a-teptat de la angajarea unui mediatorcompetent, potrivit n cele mai mul-te negocieri.

2. CUM S FAC CA CEALALTPARTE S FIE DE ACORD S

APELEZE LA MEDIATOR?Propunei medierea, dar ntr-un

mod care s evite transmiterea unuisentiment de slbiciune. Acest lucrupoate fi realizat prin a explica de ceare sens pentru cealalt parte, pre-cum i pentru dvs. Cele mai rec-

vente cauze comune pentru angaja-rea n medierea litigiilor sunt: maximizeaz ansele - dac exis-

t - de a ajunge la un acord menine costurile tuturor la mi-

nim (a se vedea ntrebarea nr. 5) previne scparea problemelor de

sub control este politica dvs. de a propune

medierea nainte de angajareantr-un litigiu

n cazul n care litigiul a nceput,aceasta este politica dvs. de a n-cerca i negocia rezultate, daceste posibil.Dac nu exist nici o disput,

atunci problema slbiciunii estemai puin pronunat, sau nu esteun actor deloc. Cele mai recventecauze comune pentru angajarea nmedierea de aacere sunt: un mediator va ajuta la menine-

rea negocierilor colaborative icreative

mediatorul va terge de peagend hara legat de proces

dei exist un actor de cost, aces-ta este minor n comparaie cubeneficiile realizabile.

3. SUNT MEDIATORII OBLIGAI DEUN ANUMIT COD DE ETICPROFESIONAL?

Cu siguran ar trebui s fie.Numeroi mediatori sunt asociaila una sau mai multe instituii ur-nizoare i adopt Codul de conduital acestora. Ar trebui s cerei ntot-deauna o copie a codului i asigu-rai-v c v simii conortabil cu el.Cei mai muli mediatori au o poli

de asigurare proesional, care este,de asemenea, nelept de verificat.

4. CUM VERIFIC RECOMANDRILEUNUI MEDIATOR?

Cerei profilul sau CV-ul lui. Lu-crurile eseniale la care ar trebui s

v uitai sunt competena mediato-rului i adecvarea lui n calitate demediator pentru situaia dvs. n ca-zul n care mediatorul este certificatIMI, cutai-l pe www.IMImediati-on.org.

n privina competenei, ntreb-rile-cheie sunt:

Ct de experimentat este media-torul? Ce el de eedback a primit medi-

atorul de la utilizatorii anteriori? Ce tipuri de certificri proesio-

nale deine mediatorul?n privina potrivirii sale, trebuie sluai n considerare urmtoarele: Va fi capabil toat lumea s

respecte i s aib ncredere naceast persoan ca mediator?

Dac problema este de naturtehnic sau de specialitate, s-amai ntlnit mediatorul cu situa-ii similare?

Sunt costurile mediatorului potri-vite pentru cazul dumneavoastr?Facei o list scurt cuprinznd

civa mediatori i discutai-o cucealalt parte. ncercai s conveniiasupra unei prioriti.


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5. ESTE MEDIEREA COSTISITOARE?oate costurile sunt relative n

privina recuperrii i a alternative-lor. Cu excepia situaiilor minoreluate n considerare pentru mediere,de obicei, medierea este cel mai pu-in costisitoare dintre alternative, demulte ori mult mai puin costisitoa-re dect a merge n instan. Multemedieri, chiar i cele n care mizelesunt oarte mari, sunt finalizate n 2zile, adesea ntr-una singur. n si-tuaiile n curs de desurare - deexemplu, negocierea unui acordsau n cazul n care scopul medieriieste acela de a repara relaiile, maidegrab dect a soluiona un liti-giu specific, aceasta poate dura maimult. Dar prile pot ntrerupe unproces de mediere n orice moment,astel c este posibil s se stabileas-c un buget, s se pun de acord cumediatorul i atunci cnd este atin-s limita bugetului poate fi luat odecizie privind terminarea procesu-lui sau continuarea lui cu un bugetrevizuit.

6. SE SPUNE C MEDIEREA ESTEVOLUNTAR DAR CE IMPLICACEST LUCRU?

Aceasta nseamn c, dei ar tre-bui s ncercai medierea n mod po-zitiv i cu bun-credin, dac ntr-adevr credei c nu duce nicieri,putei cere s fie ncheiat. Cealaltparte poate ace acelai lucru. Deci,nu este obligatoriu s ajungi la un re-zultat acceptat de toate prile i nu

trebuie s v simii sub presiuneade a ace un compromis mpotrivajudecatei dumneavoastr.

7. CT ESTE DE SUCCES ME-DIEREA?

ntr-un cuvant - oarte. Cele maimulte organisme urnizoare de me-diere care au eectuat cercetri cuprivire la rata de succes a medieriiindic o rrat a succesului de apro-ximativ 80%.Motivul pentru aceas-ta este c, atunci cnd prile suntntr-o situaie n care toi se simtmputernicii s negocieze n mod

eficient, i i ating nevoile, n generalei nu evit s ac acest lucru. Medi-erea permite aceast mputernicire.

8. TREBUIE S MEDIEZ DACCEALALT PARTE PROPUNE ACESTLUCRU?

Numai dac prilor le-a ost im-pus de ctre instan s ncerce me-dierea, sau numai dac se afl subprevederile unui contract. Chiar iatunci, cu condiia s abordeze me-dierea cu bun credin i cu inteniaadevrat de a o ace cu success, potdecide s ntrerup medierea.

9. CUM AR TREBUI S MPREGTESC PENTRU MEDIERE?

Dac suntei reprezentat juridicsi dorii ca avocatul dvs s fie pre-zent la mediere, vei fi ghidat de unavocat. Dac avocatul va fi prezent

sau nu, medierea este o soluie decolaborare generatoare de ncercri,mai degrab dect o oportunitate dea nscrie puncte a de cealalt par-te. Asta pentru a nu spune c toateprile ar trebui s aib posibilitateade a-i expune cazul, s-i susinpoziiile i s-i declare sentimente-le - acestea pot fi importante i eli-beratoare. Cel mai important lucrude reinut este s venii la medieredup o bun pregtire i dup cedecidei ce avei nevoie ca un nivelminim. i nu tratai mediatorul caun adversar sau un instrument cares v reprezinte avei nevoie s vncredei n mediator, tiind c totce spunei cu ncredere va fi pstratn mod confidenial numai dac saupn cnd vei permite mediatoru-lui s dezvluie.

Urmrii video despre mediere.

10. CUM GSESC MEDIATORULPOTRIVIT?

ncepei cu Copacul decizional iurmai linkurile. Asta nseamn s vgndii dac situaia necesit un me-diator cu abiliti ntr-o animit ariede practic (sau mai mult de una), cestil de mediere este necesar, abilitilede limb i culturale, locaia i dacse preer un proces administrat sauneadministrat. inei minte, cealaltparte poate avea o perspectiv asupratuturor sau oricaruia dintre acestelucruri. Apoi, putei s v conectaipreerinele privind aceste aspecte pemotorul de cutare al IMI IMI Sear-

ch Engine. Dac acesta genereaz unnumr insuficient de opiuni, puteischimba preerinele. Dupa asta,cutai recomandri de la avocai sau

vizitai website-urile unuia sau maimultor urnizori de mediere. Citiirspunsul la ntrebarea nr. 4.

11. CE AM DE PIERDUT?Nimic, cu excepia unui pic de

timp i a unor costuri mprtite.

12. CT VA DURA O MEDIERE?Majoritatea medierilor dureaz

mai puin de doua zile. Vezi ntre-

barea nr. 5.13. CINE AR TREBUI S PARTICIPENTR-O MEDIERE?

Asta depinde de circumstane i depreerinele dumneavoastr. Medie-rea este o negociere asistat i sunteipropriul dvs. negociator. Dacsuntei nsoii de un avocat, asigu-rai-v c avocatul dvs. vine la medie-re ca urnizor de soluii de colaboraren primul rnd, i apoi n calitate deconsilier i apoi ca avocat n unciede cum se desoar medierea.

14. DE CE S FOLOSESC UNMEDIATOR PENTRU A NEGOCIACND NU EXIST NICIO DISPUT?

Dei medierea a ost olosit nmod tradiional ca soluionare alitigiilor, deoarece este deosebit deutil n gestionarea ostilitilor ntre

a priority.

5. IS MEDIATION COSTLY?All costs are relative to the

payback and alternatives. Exceptwhere minor situations are beingconsidered or mediation, usuallymediation is the least costly o thealternatives, ofen ar less costlythan going to court. Many media-tions, even those where the stakesare very high, are completed in2 days, and ofen in one. In situ-ations which are ongoing orexample the negotiation o a dealor where the purpose o the me-diation is to repair relationshipsrather than settle a specific dis-pute, it may take longer. But par-ties can discontinue a mediationat any time, so it is possible to seta budget, agree it with the media-tor, and when the budget limit isreached a decision can be takenwhether to end the process orcontinue it with a revised budget.

6. MEDIATION IS SAID TO BEVOLU NTARY BUT WHAT D OESTHAT IMPLY?

It means that although youshould try to use mediationpositively and in good aith, iyou really think it is not gettinganywhere you can ask or it to beterminated. Te other side cando the same. So it is not obliga-tory to reach an outcome agreedby all parties, and you should not

eel pressurised to compromiseagainst your better judgement.

7. HOW SUCCESSFUL ISMEDIATION?

In a word very. Most media-tion provider bodies that haveconducted research on the suc-cess ratio o mediation quote anapproximately 80% chance osuccess. Te reason or this is thatwhen parties are in a situationwhere they all eel empowered tonegotiate effectively, and achievetheir needs, they generally do not

ail to do so. Mediation providesthat empowerment.

8. MUST I MEDIATE IF THEOTHER SIDE PROPOSES IT?

Not unless the parties havebeen ordered by a court to at-tempt mediation, or unless theyare under a contractual require-ment to do so. Even then, provid-ed they approach the mediationin good aith and with a genuineintent to make it successul, theycan decide to discontinue the me-diation.

9. HOW SHOULD I P REPARE FORA ME DIATIO N?

I you are legally represented,and wish your counsel to be pre-sent at the mediation, you willbe guided by counsel. Whether

legal counsel will be present ornot, mediation is a collaborativesolution generating attempt rath-er than an opportunity to scorepoints against the other side. Tatis not to say that all parties shouldnot have the opportunity to statetheir case, argue their positionsand vent their eelings these canbe important and cathartic. Tekey thing to remember is to cometo the mediation afer preparingwell and deciding what you needas a bare minimum. And donttreat the mediator as an opponentor a tool to represent you youneed to trust the mediator, know-ing that anything you say in con-fidence will be kept in confidenceunless or until you allow the me-diator to disclose it. Watch a me-diation video.

10. HOW DO I FIND THE RIGHTMEDIATOR?

Start with the Decision reeand ollow the links. Tis in-

volves consider ing whether thesituation requires a mediatorskilled in a particular practicearea (or more than one), whatmediation style is needed, lan-guage and cultural skills, location,and whether an administered ornon-administered process is pre-erred. Remember, the other sidemay have views on all or any othese things. You can then key inyour preerences on these aspects

at the IMI Search Engine. I thisgenerates an insufficient numbero choices, consider changing thepreerences. Afer that, seek rec-ommendations rom counsel or

visit the websites o one or moreo the mediation providers. Readthe answer to Q4.

11. WHAT DO I HAVE TO LOSE?Nothing, with the exception o

a little time and a modest sharedcost.

12. HOW LONG WILL A MEDIA-

TION TAKE?Most mediations take under 2days. See Q5.

13. WHO SHOULD PARTICIPATEIN A MEDIATION?

Tat depends on the circum-stances and your preerences. Me-diation is assisted negotiation andyou are your own negotiator. I youare accompanied by counsel, makesure your counsel comes to themediation as a collaborative solu-tion provider first, as your advisersecond, and as your advocate third

depending on how the mediationgoes.

14. WHY USE A MEDIATOR TONEGOTIATE A DEAL WHEN

THER E IS NO DISPUTE?Te settlement o a dispute is


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pri, care caracterizeaz de obicei,disputele, medierea are valori multmai mari n a permite negociatorilors-i ac treaba pe baza colaborriimai degrab dect pe baz de con-runtare sau poziionare. A se vedeantrebarea 1 i materialele IMI cuprivire la medierea de aaceri.

15. CND AR TREBUI S MEDIEZ?Ca o generalitate, cu ct mai de-

vreme, cu att mai bine. Dac existun litigiu, tensiunile tind s escala-deze de-a lungul timpului, ceea ceace de acordul s fie mai greu de re-alizat pe msur ce negocierea estemai mult ntrziat. n cazul n carenu exist nici un litigiu, acordurilepot fi mai greu de obinut odat ceprile devin nrdcinate n po-ziiile lor i i-ar pierde prestigiulsau ar sueri alte consecine, dacar inversa cererile i declaraiile -cute anterior. Evitarea problemeloreste, n general, mai uor de realizatdect rezolvarea lor dup ce acesteaau aprut. Acestea fiind spuse, exis-t situaii n care aptele trebuie scristalizeze o negociere nainte de aavea loc o negociere olositoare. Aacum poetul grec Hesiod a scris nWorks and Days (Munci i Zile) nanul 660 .c. - impul este n toatelucrurile cel mai important actor.

16. AR TREBUI S INSEREZ OCLAUZ PRIVIND MEDIEREANTR-UN CONTRACT?

Fr ezitare, da. Asta ace mult

mai uor ca prile s medieze maidevreme, nainte de litigiu i evitorice percepie de slbiciune n apropune medierea. IMI a urnizatndrumare privind modelele de cla-uze de mediere.

17. CT ESTE DE CONFIDENIALO MEDIERE?

Cu excepia cazurilor extreme(cum ar fi apte penale sau cerinespecifice ale legii sau procesului juri-dic), inormaiile dezvluite mediato-rului trebuie inute confideniale dectre acesta, iar Codul de Conduit

loblig la acest angajament.18. CARE SUNT DIFERITELE TIPURIDE MEDIERE?

Sunt trei stiluri de mediere im-portante de acilitare, de evaluarei de transormare. Vezi inormaiileIMI privind stilurile de mediere.Exist, de asemenea, hibrizi ai me-dierii i alte procese care pot fi luaten considerare.

19. DE CE SUNT UNII OAMENIFOARTE RETICENI LA MEDIERE?

Motivul cel mai probabil este

lipsa amiliarizrii i preerina dea rmne n zona lor de conort, ncare lucrurile sunt cute ca nain-te. Unii avocai sunt reticeni n a-istui clienii s se angajeze n medi-ere, pentru o multitudine de motive.Depirea acestor blocaje necesit o

anumit insisten.

20. PE SCURT, DE CE A MEDIA?Deoarece are sens n majoritatea

cazurilor.n ADR in Business (Wolters

Kluwer 2011) (ADR n aaceri), ungrup de utilizatori corporatiti aiserviciilor de mediere au scris uncapitol intitulat A ace mediereanormalitatea, afirmnd:

Utilizatorii de servicii desoluionare a disputelor de toateelurile nu pot ignora rolul lor vitaln a se asigura c disputele care arbeneficia de o soluionare timpu-rie urmeaz o cale conceput smreasc posibilitatea ca mediereas fie ncercat.

Contracte de toate elurile ar tre-bui s conin clauze de soluionarea disputelor, care includ mediereantr-o anumit az a procesului,de obicei nainte de arbitraj saulitigiu, sau simultan cu nceperealitigiului sau arbitrajului, dar na-inte ca acestea s fie angajate. Nu-meroase modele de clauze n paisunt disponibile online3, iar unelecompanii i-au dezvoltat propri-ile lor clauze preerate. Clauzelecontractuale care includ i pasulmedierii permit ambelor pri sevite orice slbiciune care poate fiimplicit ntr-o propunere de me-diere i reprezint o bun practicpreventiv.

A ti unde s gseti mediatorulpotrivit este critic. ntotdeauna s

caui n mod independent rezu-mate ale eedback-urilor pregtitede utilizatorii precedeni reprezintinormaii vitale att desprecompetena ct i potrivirea media-torilor candidai.

Sunt multe alte activiti pe carecompaniile le pot iniia pentru ambunti percepia altora asupramedierii ca un instrument eficientde soluionare. De exemplu, publi-carea unei politici de soluionare aconflictelor care avorizeaz nego-cierea timpurie i medierea naintede litigiu poate deveni o practic de

aaceri pentru promovarea medierii,mai degrab dect a fi vzut ca oslbiciune implicit. Programeleinterne de training din cadrul uneicompanii pentru a crete ateniamanagementului i a avocailor in-terni sunt de asemenea importante

Firmele de avocatur sunt i eleutilizatori, de obicei fiind origineaunei propuneri de mediere. oatede mai sus se aplic n mod egal, iuneori chiar i mai semnificativ, fir-melor de avocatur. n mod parti-cular, apreciem atunci cnd avocaiexterni sunt pregtii s-i asiste

clienii n a recurge la mediere i sse pregteasc n mod eficient pen-tru a-i reprezenta n mediere.

Reprodus cu permisiunea Institu-tului Internaional de Mediere www.

imimediation.org

just a deal. Although mediationhas traditionally been used orresolving disputes because it isparticularly helpul in managingthe hostilities between parties thattypically characterise disputes,mediation has ar wider valuesin terms o enabling negotiatorsto do their job on a collaborativerather than conrontational orpositional basis. See Q1 and IMIsmaterials on deal mediation.

15. When should I mediate?As a generality, the earlier the

better. I there is a dispute, tensionstend to escalate over time, makingsettlement harder to achieve thelonger a negotiation is delayed.Where there is no dispute, agree-ments can be harder to achieveonce parties become entrenchedin their positions and would loseace, or suffer other consequences,to reverse claims and statementsmade earlier. Avoiding problemsis generally easier to achieve thanresolving them afer they havearisen. Having said that, thereare situations where acts need tocrystallise beore a useul negotia-tion can take place. As the Greekpoet Hesiod wrote in Works andDays in 660BC iming is in allthings the most important actor.

16. SHOULD I INSERT A MEDIA-TION CLAUSE INTO A CONT RACT?

Without hesitation, yes. Tismakes it much easier or the par-

ties to mediate early, beore liti-gating, and avoides any weaknessperception in proposing media-tion. IMI has provided guidanceon model mediation clauses.

17. HOW CONFIDENTIAL IS AMEDIATION?

Except is extreme cases (suchas criminal illegalities or specificrequirements o law and legal pro-cess) inormation disclosed to me-diators must be kept confidentialby mediators and their Codes oConduct bind them to that com-

mitment.18. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENTKINDS OR TYPES OF MEDIA-

TION ?Tere are three main mediation

styles acilitative, evaluative andtransormative. See IMIs inor-mation on mediation styles. Tereare also hybrids o mediation andother processes to consider.

19. WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE VERYRELUCTANT TO MEDIATE?

Te most likely reason is lack

o amiliarity, and a preerence tostick with their comort zone odoing things they way they havebeen done beore. Some lawyersare reluctant to advise their cli-ents to engage in mediation or a

variety o reasons. Overcoming

these blockages requires somepersistence.

20. IN A NUTSHELL, WHYSHOULD I MEDIATE?

Because it makes sense in mostcases.

In ADR in Business (WoltersKluwer 2011) a group o corporateusers o mediation services wrotea chapter titled Making MediationMainstream in which they said:

Users o dispute resolution ser-vices o all types cannot ignoretheir vital role in ensuring thatdisputes that would benefit roman early resolution ollow a pathdesigned to increase the likeli-hood that mediation will be at-tempted.

Contracts o all kinds shouldeature multi-step dispute resolu-tion clauses that include media-tion at some stage o the process,usually prior to arbitration or liti-gation, or simultaneously with thecommencement o litigation orarbitration but prior to them be-ing employed. Numerous modelmulti-step clauses are availableonline and some companies havedeveloped their own preerredclauses. Contractual clauses thatinclude a mediation step enableboth sides to avoid any perceivedweakness that may be implicit in aproposal to mediate and representgood preventive lawyering.

Knowing where to find the right

mediator is critical. Always seek-ing independently-prepared sum-maries o prior user eedback pro-

vides vital inormation about boththe competency and the suitabilityo the candidate mediators.

Tere are many other activities[users] can undertake to enhancethe perception o mediation as aneffective settlement tool by others.For example, publishing a con-flict resolution policy that avorsearly negotiation and mediationbeore litigating can make it abusiness practice to propose me-

diation, rather than be seen as animplicit weakness. Internal train-ing programs within a companyto enhance both management andin-house counsel awareness arealso key.

Law firms are also users, ofenbeing the origin o a proposal tomediate. All the above appliesequally, and sometimes morepoignantly, to law firms. In partic-ular, we appreciate it when outsidecounsel are trained in assisting cli-ents to get to mediation and effec-tively preparing and representing

them in mediations.

Reproduced with permission ofInternational Mediation Institute

www.imimediation.org


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JURNAL DE... EDIN!Luni, 24 ianuarie 2011.Judectoria Sectorului 4 Bucureti.Ora 08.00.O sal de judecat supraaglomerat.

Se studiaz lista de edin. Justiiabiliise regsesc cu destul greutate, lista cu-prinde un numr de 102 dosare pentrutermenul de astzi.

Ora 8.30.Judectorul intr n sal. Declar des-

chise dezbaterile. Se iau cauzele la amna-re. Dureaz aproximativ 2 ore.

Se iau cauzele la ordine. Oameniincep s i piard rbdarea. Probabilcei mai muli nici nu bnuiesc c nc

vor sta ore bune n sala de judecat si atepte rndul. O sal de judecatsupraaglomerat, edin public, rnicio intimitate

Oare aceti justiiabili cunosc aptulc exist i alte ci de soluionare a con-flictului lor, mai eficiente?

Judectorul a identificat cauzele dinlista de edin care s-ar preta la solui-onare prin mediere i inormeaz pr-ile asupra acestei posibiliti i asupraavantajelor medierii. otui, prea puini

justiiabili se arat interesai de aceastcale.

Din 102 dosare pe rol, ntr-un singurdosar avnd ca obiect partaj de bunuricomune, prile se prezint cu un acordde mediere!

edina se ncheie la ora 16.30.

MEDIEREA, O ALTERNATIV LA

PROCESUL N INSTANLegea nr. 192/2006 privind mediereai organizarea proesiei de mediator acreat o nou proesie n Romnia, aceeade mediator, cu atribuii clar definite.

Unul dintre obiectivele adoptriiacestei legi a ost acela de a degreva in-stanele de judecat, suprancrcate, de

judecarea unor cauze, att nainte desesizarea instanei, dar i n cursul jude-crii procesului.

ntruct marea majoritate a romni-lor nu au o cultur a rezolvrii conflic-telor prin negociere, era de ateptat caaceast lege s nu-i ac att de uor

intrarea n viaa i contiina cetenilor.otui, pe parcursul celor civa ani dela intrarea sa n vigoare, s-au scut civapai n direcia implementrii proceduriimedierii ca alternativ la soluionarea ninstan a unor tipuri de conlicte. S-aucreat, n mai multe orae din Romnia,centre de mediere i asociaii ale mediato-rilor care deja colaboreaz oarte bine cuinstanele de judecat din oraele respecti-

ve, existnd statistici n sensul soluionriia din ce n ce mai multor cauze prin pro-cedura medierii.

otui, la nivelul unor instane aglo-merate ca numr de dosare nregistrate,

legea medierii nc nu i-a cut simitebeneficiile n sensul degrevrii acestorinstane de numrul mare de dosare.Astel, n aceste instane, de la an la an,se nregistraez un numr tot mai marede dosare.

Aceasta nseamn c mediatorii,

sprijinii de orul lor superior, Consi-liul de Mediere, dar i de autoritile cuatribuii n domeniu, ar trebui s-i in-tensifice eorturile n sensul inormriipublicului larg asupra existenei ciloralternative de soluionare a conflictelor,respectiv calea medierii, nc dinainteca aceste conflicte s ajung n aa unui

judector.Intensificarea eorturilor n acest

sens ar aduce un real beneficiu, n pri-mul rnd cetenilor, acetia avnd des-chis calea rezolvrii unei palete largi deconflicte civile, penale, comerciale, demunc i n domeniul proteciei consu-matorului ntr-un termen oarte scurt,comparativ cu termenul de soluionaren instan, cu costuri i stres minime,n condiii de deplin confidenialitate.

Beneficiul pentru instane este evi-dent. Nu este de neglijat beneficiulmediatorilor: acetia nu vor mai rm-ne la dispoziia instanei de judecatn sensul de a atepta ca aceasta sconving prile a apela la proceduramedierii.

Se vehiculeaz ideea unei supraregle-mentri a medierii, n sensul ca aceastprocedur s fie obligatorie nainte de ase ajunge n instan i ca o condiie pre-alabil de sesizare a organelor judiciarepentru orice tip de conflict.

Cred c o astel de abordare nu poateaduce beneficii n sensul rezolvrii a ctmai multor conflicte prin mediere, de

vreme ce medierea n sine presupune

o component voluntar i se bazeazpe ncrederea pe care prile o acordmediatorului. Este de esena medierii sfie acultativ, neimpus, la latitudineaprilor. Adoptarea unor astel de regle-mentri nu ar duce la niciun rezultat, de

vreme ce ine de natura uman rezisten-a la orice este impus.

n ceea ce privete litigiile avnd caobiect desacerea cstoriei prin divor,cu cererile accesorii privind numele,ncredinarea minorilor, plata pensieide ntreinere i stabilirea legturilorpersonale n cadrul unui programde vizitare, ca judector specializat n

soluionarea acestui tip de litigii, amobservat, n special odat cu intrarean vigoare la Legi nr.202/2010 privindunele msuri pentu accelerarea soluio-nrii proceselor, c marea majoritate aacestor litigii se soluioneaz la primultermen de judecat, prin acordul soilor,astel c impunerea condiiei prealabilede a ncerca soluionarea litigiului prinmediere este una excesiv.

Mai degrab, n domeniul dreptuluicivil, atenia mediatorilor ar trebui sse ocalizeze pe litigiile avnd un obiectmaterial, respectiv partaje de bunuri co-mune, moteniri, sistri de indiviziune,

pretenii, litigii a cror durat este, deobicei, mult mai mare, atunci cnd sealege calea soluionrii prin instan.

D PJudecator

Judecatoria sect. 4 Bucuresti

DIARY OF A COURT SESSION!Monday, January 24, 2011Bucharest, District 4 Court.08.00 hoursA crowded courtroom. People

study the session list. Litigants findtheir names quite hard, as the listincludes a number o 102 cases ortodays hearings.

8.30 hours.Te judge enters the room. He

declares the debates open. He dealswith the causes delayed. It takesabout 2 hours.

Cases are handled systematically.People are losing their patience.Probably most do not suspect theyare still to wait or hours in courtor their turn. An overcrowdedcourtroom, public hearing, with noprivacy.

Do these litigants know there areother ways to resolve their conflict,more efficiently?

Te judge identified the causeswithin the hearing list that might besolved through mediation and in-ormed the parties on this possibil-ity and the advantages o mediation.

However, ew litigants are inter-ested in this procedure.

Out o 102 cases pending, in justone file dealing with the split ocommon goods, the parties reacheda mediation agreement!

Meeting ends at 16.30 hours.

MEDIATION, AN ALTERNATIVE TOTHE COURT TRIALLaw no. 192/2006 on mediation

and the organization o the mediatorproession has created a new proes-sion in Romania, that o a mediator,with clearly defined responsibilities.One o the objectives o this lawwas to relieve the courts, overload-ed with cases pending, both beorereaching the court, but also duringthe trial proceedings.

Since the vast majority o Roma-nians do not have a culture o con-flict resolution through negotiation,

it was expected or this law not tobe so easily accepted into the lieand consciousness o citizens.

However, over the past ew yearssince it became effective, ew stepswere made towards the implemen-tation o mediation as an alterna-tive procedure to solve some typeso conflicts. In several cities romRomania, mediation centers andassociations o mediators were cre-ated and they already work verywell with the courts in those cities,statistics showing that an increasingnumber o cases are being solved

through the mediation procedure.However, in some crowdedcourts with lots o cases pending,the mediation law has not demon-strated its benefits, in the sense orelieving the courts. Tus, in thesecourts, rom year to year, an in-

creasing number o cases is beingreported.

Tis means that mediators, sup-ported by their higher orum, Me-diation Council, but also by theauthorities with tasks in this area,should intensiy efforts to inormthe public on the existence o alter-native ways or resolving conflicts,namely mediation, beore theseconflicts reach the judge.

Intensiying efforts in thisdirection would bring real ben-efit primarily to citizens, as theywould have a resolution or a widerange o civil, criminal, commer-cial, labor and consumer protec-tion conflicts within a very shortperiod o time compared to thesettlement in court, with mini-mum costs and stress, in completeconfidentiality.

Te benefit or courts is obvi-ous. It is not worth neglecting thebenefits or mediators: they will nolonger be at courts disposal in thesense o "waiting" or the court toconvince the parties to seek media-tion procedure.

People talk about the idea o over-regulating the mediation, in thesense that this procedure would bemandatory beore going to court andas a prior condition to inorm the le-gal bodies or ant type o conflict.

I think that such an approach

can not bring benefits in the senseo resolving more conflicts throughmediation, since mediation itselentails a voluntary act and relies ontrust that the parties give to the me-diator. Te very essence o media-tion is the voluntary character, notimposed, at parties decision. Teadoption o such regulation wouldnot lead to any result, since its inthe human nature to resist anythingthat is imposed.

Concerning litigations deal-ing with divorces, with attachedclaims about the name, custody o

children, alimony and visitationprogram, as judge specialized insolving this type o litigation, I havenoticed, especially since the law202/2010 concerning some meas-ures to speed up trials, came intoeffect, that most o these disputesare resolved at the first hearing,through spouses agreement, thustrying to impose mediation as aprior condition is excessive.

Rather, in civil law area, the at-tention o mediators should ocuson disputes with a material object,namely partition o common goods,

inheritance, claims, litigation orwhich the finalization takes longerin a court o law.

D PJudge

Bucharest District 4 Court


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MEDIATORI VS AVOCAI?

n 2000, cnd am nceput progra-mele de mediere i rezolvare deconflicte, am avut ansa s mpregtesc cu experi de excepie nmediere din Canada, SUA i MareaBritanie. Dintre ei, ca ormare debaz, erau psihologi, avocai, pro-esori. Pregtirea i lucrul cu acetiexperi a continuat civa ani de zile.n toi aceti ani, nu s-a discutat inu am auzit de probleme ntre me-diatori i avocai. Dimpotriv, Cen-trul de Mediere Comunitar pe carel-am iniiat, colabora cu Clinica Le-gal n cadrul aceleiai organizaii.Cazurile de conflicte care apreauerau distribuite, n uncie de situ-aie, fie Serviciului de Mediere Co-munitar, fie Clinicii Legale pentrucare lucrau avocai. Era o situaie fi-reasc. Exist cazuri de conflicte ncare este nevoie de reprezentare le-gal. Exist cazuri de conflicte carepot fi rezolvate prin mediere, cu saur reprezentare legal.

O lecie important din cadrulpregtirii ca mediator este aceeac mediatorul trebuie s accepte cnu toate conflictele pot fi rezolvateprin mediere. Etica mediatoruluiimpune ca acesta s inormezeprile atunci cnd consider c unanumit caz nu se poate rezolva prinmediere, datorit naturii cazuluisau datorit imposibilitii prilorde a trece peste poziiile beligerante.

n 2008, participnd la un con-gres internaional, a ost primadat cnd am auzit de competiientre mediatori i avocai. A osto surpriz. Ani de zile, usese clarpentru mine c cele dou proesiiau domenii dierite de aplicare. Aost interesant c persoana care amenionat aceast problem era unmediator r prea mare succes. Erarustrat i gsea avocaii vinovaipentru aptul c nu avea destul demulte cazuri. Firesc, l-am comparatcu mediatorii cu care lucrasem an-terior, mediatori de succes, dintre ei

avocai, dintre ei avnd alte proesii,i care m nvaser c mediatoriii avocaii colaboreaz pentru c audomenii dierite de aplicare.

Ani mai trziu, aceast proble-m apare n Romnia. 'Avocaii iaucazurile mediatorilor?' 'Mediatoriiiau cazurile avocailor'. 'Cine estemai bun, avocatul sau mediatorul?','Avocatul trebuie s fie automat imediator', 'Mediatorul, avocatulsracilor'.

Din ericire, acesta este un rzboir miz.

Din pcate, exist.

Aparent, avocaii i mediatorii auaceeai pia, conflictele. n realita-te, cele dou proesii abordeaz as-pecte complet dierite ale conflicte-lor. Mai important, este nevoie i vafi ntotdeauna nevoie de abordareaambelor aspecte.

Sarcina avocailor este de a abor-da conflictele din punctul de vedereal drepturilor individuale sau degrup i al normelor de drept. norice relaie contractual, scris sau

verbal, prile au fiecare n partedrepturi pentru care, dac sunt n-clcate, se pot solicita i daune. Deasemenea, exist conflicte cu pri-

vire la ncheierea de noi raporturijuridice, cum ar fi divorul, custo-dia, sau rennoirea unui contractcomercial pe baza unuia preexis-tent, sau negocierea i renegociereacontractelor de munc. Sistemul de

justiie a aprut tocmai din nevoiade a apra drepturi individuale saude grup. Avocaii sunt cei chemai

s sprijine pe cei care sunt n cu-tarea unui drept, capabili s desci-reze legile i s oere aprare celorcare i solicit drepturile n cadrulunui contract.

Sarcina mediatorilor este de aajuta prile s abordeze relaiacontractual (vorbim de un con-tract n sens larg, scris sau verbal).Mediatorul este interesat de ce auprile n comun i vor s pstrezepe viitor n comun. Prin mediere,prile iau decizii de comun acord,pe termen lung. Prile i expriminteresele i nevoile, le neleg peale celuilalt. Acordul semnat este

voluntar i responsabilizeaz pri-le n ceea ce privete relaia.

n justiie, avocatul l ajut pe Xs ctige mpotriva lui Y i ine

de natura proesiei de avocat s fieprtinitor i s urmreasc realiza-rea exclusiv a interesului prii pecare o reprezint. n mediere, X iY gsesc mpreun soluii de conti-nuare a contractului sau terminaren anumite condiii i ine de natu-

MEDIATORS VS. LAWYERS?

I n 2000 when I have begun me-diation and conflict resolutionprograms, I had the chance totrain mysel with outstanding ex-perts in mediation rom Canada,USA and the UK. Among them,there were psychologists, lawyers,teachers by their basic training.Working and training with theseexperts continued or some years.All this time, I have not heard o anydiscussion or problems betweenmediators and lawyers. On the con-trary, the Community MediationCenter established by me used tocollaborate with the Legal Clinicwithin the same organization. Tecases o conflicts that arose were

distributed, depending on the situ-ation, to the Community Media-tion Service or to the Legal Clinicor which the lawyers were work-ing. It was a natural situation. Tere

are cases o conflicts in which legalrepresentation is needed. Tere arecases o conflicts that can be re-solved through mediation, with orwithout legal representation.

An important lesson during thetraining as mediator is that the me-diator must accept that not all con-flicts can be solved through media-tion. Te mediators ethics requireshim/her to inorm the parties whenhe/she considers that a case can notbe solved by mediation, due to thenature o the case or due to partiesimpossibility to overcome the war-

ring positions.In 2008, participating in an in-ternational congress, it was the firsttime I heard about the competitionbetween mediators and lawyers. Itwas a surprise. For years, it had beenclear to me that the two proessions

have different areas o application.It was interesting that the personwho mentioned this problem was amediator without much success. Hewas rustrated and ound lawyersguilty or not having enough cases.Naturally, I compared him to themediators I had worked with previ-ously, successul mediators, amongthem lawyers, or people with otherproessions, who had taught methat mediators and attorneys worktogether because they have differ-ent fields o application.

Years later, this problem occursin Romania.Lawyers taking media-tors cases? Mediators taking law-yers cases? "'Who is better: the law-yer or the mediator?', 'A lawyer shallautomatically be also a mediator','Te mediator, lawyer o the poor.Fortunately, this is a war without astake.

Unortunately, it exists.Apparently, lawyers and media-

tors have the same market, i.e. theconflicts. In act, the two proes-sions address completely differentissues o conflicts. More important-ly, it is need and will always be needor addressing both issues.

Te task o lawyers is to approachconflicts in terms o individual orgroup rights and the rule o law. Inany contractual relationship, writ-ten or oral, each party has rights

or which, i violated, one can seekdamages. Tere are also conflictsrelated to the conclusion o newlegal relationships, such as divorce,custody, or renewal o a trade con-tract or negotiation and renegotia-tion o labor contracts. Te justicesystem has emerged precisely romthe need to protect individual orgroup rights. Lawyers are thosecalled to assist people who seeka right, able to decript the lawsand offer deence to those seekingrights under a contract.

Te task o mediators is to help

the parties approach the contrac-tual relationship (we reer to abroad agreement, written or ver-bal). Te mediator is interested inwhat the parties have in commonand what they want to keep in theuture. Trough mediation, theparties jointly make decisions onlong term. Te parties express theirinterests and needs, understandingthe others. Te agreement signed is

voluntary and makes parties moreresponsible about their relationship.

In court, the lawyer helps X towin against Y and is in the the na-

ture o the legal proession or thelawyer to be biased and ocus onthe exclusive benefit o the partyhe represents. In mediation, Xand Y find together solutions tocontinue or terminate the contractunder certain conditions and is in


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ra proesiei de mediator ca acesta sfie imparial i s urmreasc sati-sacerea intereselor reale ale ambe-lor pri. Aadar, cele doua situaiinu se exclud una pe alta i nu se afln competiie. Este nevoie de jus-tiie pentru protejarea drepturilor,dup cum este nevoie de medierepentru a gsi soluii colaborative petermen lung.

Ca atare, cele dou proesii suntcomplet dierite i nu au aceeaipia. Avocatul nu poate fi mediatorpentru c este chemat s reprezin-te i s protejeze drepturile uneiadintre pri. Exist avocai care ne-gociaz contracte care duc la relaiiexcelente pe termen lung, dar chiari n aceast situaie, etica proesio-nal i oblig s ia n calcul n pri-mul rind interesele clienilor.

Mediatorul, pe de alt parte,conorm eticii proesionale, nu dsaturi juridice. Rolul su este de aajuta ambele pri s comunice maibine i s ia decizii de comun acordn condiii de cooperare. Parteade drepturi este rezervat exclusivavocailor. Mediatorul este obligats inormeze prile despre acestaspect i s sugereze ca acetia ssolicite sprijin legal dac au nevoie.

De asemenea, rolul mediatoruluinu este i nu ar trebui s fie acelade a elibera acte tipizate prin care seprecizeaz c prile sunt de acords sting un conflict, cu simplulscop de a obine mai rapid o decizie

judectoreasc. Rolul mediatoru-

lui este de a soluiona n mod real

conflicte.Exist avocai care sunt exce-

leni mediatori. Dar, n momentulcnd practic medierea, avocatuli d jos haina de avocat. Practicalt meserie. n rile cu experien- n mediere s-a neles de multct de important este medierea ic aceasta nu este un pericol pen-tru piaa avocatilor i nici invers.American Bar Association (SUA)a desurat prin ABA CEELI ne-numrate programe de pregtire aavocailor din Europa de Est n do-meniul medierii. ABA CEELI a in-trodus medierea cu titlu de noutaten cteva ri din regiune, pregtindavocai n acest domeniu. Acesta arputea fi un nceput de discuie des-pre necesitatea pregtirii avocailorcare vor s devin mediatori, toc-mai pentru c este o alt proesie.

Acesta este un domeniu de dez-batere amplu i am ncercat aicis atingem doar cteva aspecte.Centrul Regional de Facilitare iNegociere asist cu ngrijorare ladezbaterile din Romnia pe temacompetiiei dintre mediatori iavocai. Ateptm opinii din par-tea ambelor proesii la www.rnc.ro,[email protected], http://mediereablog.blogspot.com/.

S A-ODirector Executiv, Mediator, For-

mator i Evaluator n MediereCentrul Regional de Facilitare i

Negociere

the nature o the mediator proes-sion to be impartial and ollow thereal interests o both parties. So thetwo situations do not exclude eachother and do not compete. Justice isneeded to protect the rights, as wellas mediation is needed to find long-term collaborative solutions.

Tereore, the two proessionsare completely different and donot have the same market. A law-yer can not be a mediator becausehe/she is required to represent andprotect the rights o one o the par-ties. Tere are lawyers who negoti-ate contracts that lead to excellentlong-term relationships, but evenin this situation, proessional eth-ics oblige them to consider clients'interests first and oremost.

Mediators, on the other hand,according to proessional ethics, donot give legal advice. Teir role isto help both sides to communicatebetter and make decisions jointlyin terms o cooperation. Te rightsside is reserved exclusively or law-yers. Te mediator is obliged to in-orm the parties about this aspectand suggests them to seek legal as-sistance i needed.

Also, the role o the mediator isnot and should not be that o re-leasing printed documents statingthat the parties agree to settle aconflict, with the simple aim to geta court decision aster. Te role othe mediator is to resolve conflictseffectively.

Tere are lawyers who are excel-

lent mediators. But when practicingmediation, the lawyer undressesthe lawyers clothes. He/she prac-tices another proession. In coun-tries with experience in mediationpeople have long understood theimportance o mediation and thatit is not a threat to lawyers market,nor the other way around. Ameri-can Bar Association (USA) carriedout through ABA CEELI numeroustraining programs or lawyers inEastern Europe in mediation field.ABA CEELI introduced mediationas a novelty in several countries inthe region, preparing the lawyers inthis field. Tis could be the begin-ning o a discussion about the needto prepare lawyers who want to be-come mediators, precisely becauseit is a different proession.

Tis is a complex debate areaand we have only tried to ocus onew aspects. Te Regional Centeror Facilitation and Negotiation isworryingly noticing the debates inRomania over the competition be-tween mediators and lawyers. Weare waiting or opinions on behalo both proessions at www.rnc.ro,[email protected], http://mediereablog.blogspot.com/.

S A-OExecutive Director , Mediator,

rainer and Evaluator in MediationRegional Center for Facilitation

and Negotiation

NU MAI OCOLII SUBIECTUL!DAI UTILIZATORILOR O

DEFINIIE CLASIC A MEDIERII!INIIATOR MICHAEL LEATHES

P rima emeie care a ctigatPremiul Pulitzer pentru Lite-ratur a ost Edith Whartonn 1921, pentru romanul VrstaInocenei (Age o Innocence).Reerindu-se la ceea ce este i nueste clasic, Wharton scria: Unclasic este clasic nu pentru c seconormeaz cu anumite regulistructurale, sau pentru c se po-trivete anumitor definiii ... Esteclasic din cauza unei anumiteprospeimi venice i nestpnite.Medierea are nevoie de o definiieclasic proprie. Nu exist una. Deasemenea, trebuie s fie universal.ntr-o arie larg populat de ctreavocai, proesioniti care, dup

cum observa i marele jurist Oli-ver Wendell Holmes Jr., petrec omare parte de timp ocolind su-biectul, avem literalmente sutede definiii dierite ale medie-rii. Este o coagulare a creierului.Calitatea delicat, dar puternic a

lui Edith Wharton privind prospe-imea i caracterul nestpnit esteabsent. Nu exist o definiie cares i inspire pe cei care tiu puin

sau nimic despre mediere. Cele maimulte sugereaz c medierea arelegatur cu soluionarea litigiilor.Nici una nu este oarte scurt. O de-finiie clasic trebuie s fie un atacde gnduri asupra negnditului.Conteaz o definiie clasic? Da!Mai mult dect att, este vital pen-tru creterea domeniului i a per-cepiei sale pozitive de ctre ceicare consum serviciile sale. oatlumea tie ce este stomatologia sauarhitectura, contabilitatea, dreptuli medicina. Familiaritatea ace caaceste proesii s fie mai sus de ne-

voia de definire. Nu aa se ntmplcu medierea, n cel mai bun caz oproesie emergent (dar nu ncaprut), una pe care cei mai mulioameni trebuie s o ntllneasc.

Fiecare instituie de mediere aredefiniia proprie. Majoritatea au

STOP SHOVELLING SMOKE!GIVE USERS A CLASSIC DEFINI-

TION OF MEDIATIONPROPOSER MICHAEL LEATHES

The first woman to win thePulitzer Prize or Literaturewas Edith Wharton in 1921,or her novel An Age o Innocen-ce. Addressing what is, and is not,classic, Wharton wrote: A classicis classic not because it conormsto certain structural rules, or fitscertain definitions It is classicbecause o a cert

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