Referendumul Asupra Menținerii Regatului Unit În Uniunea Europeană

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Referendumul asupra meninerii RegatuluiUnit n Uniunea European

Amplasarea Regatului Unit n Uniunea European n 2016.

Referendumul asupra meninerii Regatului Unit nUniunea European (englez United Kingdom Euro-

pean Union membership referendum), cunoscut de ase-menea sub numeleBrexit, a avut loc nRegatul UnitiGibraltar[1] la 23 iunie 2016.[2] Calitatea de membru alUniunii Europenea fost un subiect de dezbatere n Re-gatul Unit nainte nainte ca ara s adere laComunitateaEconomic European(CEE, sau Piaa comun"), aacum era cunoscut atunci, n 1973.

Acesta va fi a doua oar cnd electoratul britanic este ru-gat s voteze cu privire la problema aderrii la Uniunea

European: primul vot a avut loc n 1975, la aderarean CEE. Continuarea caitii de membru a fost aprobatprin referendum de 67% din alegtori, ns natura UE s-amodificat substanial de atunci.

1 Istoric

Comunitatea Economic European(CEE) a fost forma-t n 1957.[3] Regatul Unit (UK), a fcut cererea de ade-rare pentru prima dat n 1961, dar acest lucru a fost res-pins de ctre Frana.[3] Urmtoarea cerere a avut succes i

Marea Britanie a devenit membru n 1973. Doi ani maitrziu, un referendum a validat cu 67% continuarea ca-litii de membru.[3] Integrarea politic a ctigat o mai

n campania electoral din 2015,David Camerona promis srenegocieze aderarea la UE i mai trziu s organizeze un refe-rendum.

mare concentrare atunci cndTratatul de la MaastrichtainstituitUniunea European(UE) n1993, care a ncor-porat CEE.[3][4]

n ianuarie 2013, primul-ministrul britanicDavid Came-rona promis c dac Partidul Conservator va ctiga omajoritate parlamentar la alegerile generale din 2015,guvernul britanic va negocia acorduri mai favorabile pen-tru continuarea aderrii Marii Britanii n Uniunea Euro-pean, apoi va organiza un referendum care va stabili da-c Marea Britanie ar trebui s rmn sau s prseas-c UE.[5] n mai 2013, Partidul Conservator a publicatun proiect de referendum UE, i a prezentat planurile lorde renegociere.[6] Proiectul de lege a declarat c referen-dumul trebuie s aib loc pn la data de 31 decembrie2017.[7]

2 ntrebarea referendumului

S-au discutat diverse formulri pentru ntrebarea referen-dumului. La 1 septembrie 2015, Comisia Electoral nu-mit de Parlamentul britanic a recomandat ca ntrebareareferendumului s fie urmtoarea:

Should the United Kingdom remain a memberof the European Union or leave the EuropeanUnion?

ORemain a member of the European Union

1
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cameronhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cameronhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Maastrichthttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cameronhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Bahttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunitatea_Economic%C4%83_European%C4%83https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunitatea_Economic%C4%83_European%C4%83https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunitatea_Economic%C4%83_European%C4%83https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltarhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regatul_Unithttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83


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2 4 REACII

Model de vot

OLeave the European Union

Ar trebui Regatul Unit s rmn membru alUniunii Europene sau ar trebui s prseascUniunea European?

OMeninerea ca membru al Uniunii Europene

OPrsirea Uniunii Europene

3 Rezultate

3.1 Rezultate pe naiuni

4 Reacii

4.1 Politice

Regatul Unit: Dup anunarea rezultatelor, pri-mul ministru i eful Partidului ConservatorDavidCamerona declarat c va demisiona n octombrie2016[8] i c ali conducatori ai Regatului trebuie sdecid momentul prsirii UE i s negocieze Bre-xitul. Vicepremierul nord-irlandez cere un referen-dum pentru unirea celor doua Irlande i premierulscoian Nicola Sturgeon a spus c un referendumpentru independen este acum foarte probabil.

European Union: efii Comisiei, Parlamentuluii Consiliului European cer ieirea rapid a MareaBritaniei din UE i anun c nu sunt dispui la o

renegociere a acordului din februarie.

State

Gibraltar

NU UEDA UE

Austria: Ministrul de externe, Sebastian Kurz,a declarat c un efect de domino asupra altor rinu poate fi exclus. Totui el a adugat c UE nansamblul su ar supravieui.[9]

Belgia: Prim-ministruCharles Michela spusc statele membre ale UE ar trebui s rspund ladefinirea prioritilor i la stabilirea unui nou viitorpentru Europa.[9]

Frana: Liderul extremei dreapte francezeMarine Le Pencere referendum i n Frana privind

rmnerea n Uniunea Europeana, dup votul brita-nic favorabil Brexit. PreedinteleFranois Hollandedeclar c votul britanicilor pune Europa grav la n-cercare, care nu mai poate funciona ca pn acumi trebuie s se concentreze pe problemele esenia-le.

Germania: CancelarulAngela Merkela decla-rat, dup o ntlnire cu cancelarul austriac ChristianKern, c Europa ar trebui s discute rezultatul "m-preun i cu calm, avertiznd n acelai timp mpo-triva reaciilor agitate. Liderul Partidului PopularEuropeanManfred Webera scris: Negocierile de

ieire ar trebui s se ncheie n termen de maxim2 ani. Nu poate exista nici un tratament special.A pleca nseamn a pleca. Vice-Cancelarul Sig-
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Weberhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkelhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniahttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollandehttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_Le_Penhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Bahttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Michelhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiahttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austriahttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cameronhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cameronhttps://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regatul_Unit_al_Marii_Britanii_%C8%99i_al_Irlandei_de_Nord


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mar Gabriel a scris: La naiba! O zi proast pentruEuropa.[9]

Rusia: PreedinteleVladimir Putina declaratc Federaia Rus nu s-a amestecat, nu se amesteci nu se va amesteca n alegerea Marii Britanii de a

iei din Uniunea European.

Serbia: Premierul Vucic a spus c Serbia con-tinu politica de integrare european, dei la un re-ferendum srbii ar vota la fel ca britanicii.

SUA: PreedinteleBarack Obamaa declarat crespect decizia luat de oamenii din Marea Brita-nie, n ciuda faptului c nu susine ieirea din UE arii.[10][11]

Prezumptivul candidat la prezideniale dinpartea Partidului RepublicanDonald Trumpaspus, dup ce a ajuns n Scoia: Cred c esteun lucru extraordinar. Cred c este un lucrufantastic.

4.2 Economice

n dimineaa de 24 iunie,lira sterlina atins cel mai slabnivel fa dedolardin 1985,[12] marcnd o scdere a li-rei cu 10% fa de dolarul american i 7% fa de euro.Scderea de la 1,50$ la 1,33$ a fost cea mai mare mi-care pentru lira sterlin ntr-o perioad de 24 de ore dinistorie.[13]

Indicele FTSE100 a sczut iniial la 8%, recupernd pnla 5% la mijocul zilei.[14]

Preurile aciunilor celor mai mari cinci bnci britani-ce au sczut cu o medie de 21% n dimineaa de dupreferendum.[15] Pn la sfritul zilei, att HSBC ct iStandard Chartered i-au revenit pe deplin, n timp ceLloyds, RBS Group i Barclays au rmas cu mai mult de10% n jos.[16]

Petiie pentru un nou referendum

n termen de cteva ore de la anunarea rezultatului a cir-

culat o petiie prin care se solicita un al doilea referen-dum deoarece rezultatul a fost asigurat cu mai puin de60% din voturi i participare a fost mai mic de 75%.Petiia a avut 145.570 de semnturi pn la ora 5:12 pmla 24 iunie, depind cele 100.000 de semnturi necesarepentru ca problema s fie dezbtut n Parlament. Cummai mult de o mie de semnturi pe minut au avut loc nanumite momente ale zilei, site-ul a czut n mai multernduri.[17][18]

5 Note

[1] European Union Referendum Act 2015. legisla-tion.gov.uk. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/

36/section/5. Accesat la 14 mai 2016.

[2] Rowena Mason; Nicholas Watt; Ian Traynor; JenniferRankin (20 februarie 2016). EU referendum to takeplace on 23 June, David Cameron confirms. The Guar-dian. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/feb/20/cameron-set-to-name-eu-referendum-date-after-cabinet-meeting.Accesat la 2 februarie 2016.

[3] Wilson, Sam(1 aprilie 2014). BritainandtheEU:Alongand rocky relationship. British Broadcasting Corpora-tion. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-26515129.Accesat la 2 iunie 2016.

[4] Treaty of Maastricht on European Union. EUR-Lex. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=URISERV:xy0026. Accesat la 2 iunie 2016.

[5] David Cameron Pledges EU Referendum if Conser-vatives Win Next Election. Raidi Teilifs ireann.24 ianuarie 2013. http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0123/

364037-david-cameron-eu/ . Accesat la 19 februarie2013.

[6] David Cameron: EU referendum bill shows only Torieslisten. British Broadcasting Corporation. 14 mai 2013.http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-22530655. Ac-cesat la 14 iulie 2013.

[7] European Union (Referendum) Bill (HC Bill 11). UKParliament. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/cbill/2013-2014/0011/cbill_2013-20140011_en_2.htm. Accesat la 3 ianuarie 2014.

[8] Brexit: David Cameron to quit after UK votes to leave

EU. http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36615028.[9] World reaction as UK votes to leave EU. http://www.

bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36614643?ns_mchannel=social&ns_campaign=bbc_breaking&ns_source=twitter&ns_linkname=news_central. Accesat la24 iunie 2016.

[10]

[11] Roberts, Dan; Smith, David (24 iunie 2016). USandUKspecial relationship is 'enduring', Obama says after Bre-xit. http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/brexit-vote-impact-on-us-donald-trump-election-2016.

[12] Brexit after EU referendum: UK to leave EU and Da-vid Cameron quits. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-politics-36570120.

[13] Treanor, Jill; Goodley, Simon; Allen, Katie (24 iunie2016). Pound slumps to 31-year low after Brexit vo-te. http://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jun/23/british-pound-given-boost-by-projected-remain-win-in-eu-referendum.

[14] Shares and pound plunge on Leave vote. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-36611512.

[15] Britains financial sector reels after Brexit bombshe-ll. 24 iunie 2016. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-banks-idUSKCN0Z92G8 .

[16] Google Finance. Google. 24 iunie 2016. http://www.google.ca/finance?hl=en&gl=ca.
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4 5 NOTE

[17] Hooton, Christopher (24 iunie 2016). Brexit: Petitionfor second EU referendum so popular the govern-ment sites crashing. The Independent (IndependentPrint Limited). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/brexit-petition-for-second-eu-referendum-so-popular-the-government-sites-crashing-a7099996.html. Accesat la 24 iunie 2016.

[18] Boult, Adam (24 iunie 2016). Petition for second EU re-ferendum attracts thousands of signatures.The Daily Te-legraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/petition-for-second-eu-referendum-attracts-thousands-of-signatur/.Accesat la 24 iunie 2016.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/petition-for-second-eu-referendum-attracts-thousands-of-signatur/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/petition-for-second-eu-referendum-attracts-thousands-of-signatur/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/petition-for-second-eu-referendum-attracts-thousands-of-signatur/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/petition-for-second-eu-referendum-attracts-thousands-of-signatur/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/brexit-petition-for-second-eu-referendum-so-popular-the-government-sites-crashing-a7099996.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/brexit-petition-for-second-eu-referendum-so-popular-the-government-sites-crashing-a7099996.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/brexit-petition-for-second-eu-referendum-so-popular-the-government-sites-crashing-a7099996.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/brexit-petition-for-second-eu-referendum-so-popular-the-government-sites-crashing-a7099996.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/brexit-petition-for-second-eu-referendum-so-popular-the-government-sites-crashing-a7099996.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/brexit-petition-for-second-eu-referendum-so-popular-the-government-sites-crashing-a7099996.html


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6 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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men%C8%9Binerii_Regatului_Unit_%C3%AEn_Uniunea_European%C4%83?oldid=10594103Contribuitori:Robotje, Tournesol, Ter-raflorin, Babu, JCRules, , Mishu57, Haptokar i Benutzerkonto anlegenBenutzerkonto anlegen

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Referendum_Ballot_Paper.jpgLicen:Public domainContribuitori:[1]Artist original:The Electoral Commission

Fiier:David_Cameron_(28_January_2011).jpg Surs: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/David_Cameron_%2828_January_2011%29.jpgLicen:CC BY-SA 2.0Contribuitori:FlickrArtist original:World Economic Forum/Moritz Hager

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wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Scottish_council_areas_2011.svg/30px-Scottish_council_areas_2011.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='1023' data-file-height='1345' />Scottish council areas 2011.svg(byNilfanion).Artist original:Mirrorme22Nilfanion: English and Scottish council areasTUBS: Welsh council areasSting: Gibraltar

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Referendumul Asupra Menținerii Regatului Unit În Uniunea Europeană

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