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PROIECT LA PROTECIAMEDIULUI TRATAREA I

EPURAREA APEI

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CUPRINS

PAG.1. POLUAREA ASPECTE GENERALE 3-52. SURSELE DE POLUARE I PRINCIPALII

POLUANI 5-282.1. SIDERURGIA 5-62.2. INDUSTRIA METALELOR NEFEROASE 6-72.3. INDUSTRIA MATERIALELOR DE

CONSTRUCIE 72.4. INDUSTRIA TERMOENERGIEI I

PETROLULUI 7

2.5. INDUSTRIA CHIMIC 7-1!2.6. DEEURILE I "NCL#ITUL MENA$ER 1!-28

3. TRATAREA DEEURILOR I RECICLAREA MATERIALELOR 28-3%4. MSURI DE PROTECIA SOLULUI I A

PRODUSELOR SALE 3%-315. &I&LIOGRAFIE 32

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1. POLUAREA ASPECTE GENERALE

FENOMENUL DE POLUARE

D' ()*'+, '('// 0'/', , ('* ' '0(' / (' (',/ */*0 ' 09''9' :'',*' ' '9,;//9' ,9' ( '/9 < (' *0* (9 /*0/'/ -=/ /,:/,' ( +, *', >, ,*,< ( +, ,'/;, -/

'/>'>' ''9' .F'0'9 ' 09,' '*' ,*>/ '(0(* (, 9 / ?,(*0//(,' 0* /'@/ '>+09*,', +/';// ' T', . N0;/', ,(',*, ,' '9,: =/ (/>*0 < 0=*'/* ' 9, 9,*/'(9 poluere (,' ', ,/ =/ , 0?,, /, ?090/', '/ '*' ,'(+,* ,/ '+/'*'90//?/(/ ,9' '/9/ (/ **0 0(''90 < 0/()* ' */9' , ?/ '9' +/,;, =/ ,*, ( /''/ /',,/9' .

F'0'9 ' 09,' , '/*,* ' 9, ('*/9' 9*'/ /*' 0=/ ,* < 0;/ 0/(' ,(*/+/*,*' , =/ 0/(' '' , '/9/ .

R'+09;/, /*/,9 / '(099 ,9 BIB-9', , , *,;//

0?' *'/(, ,:/(09 < *,0*/ < 09 ' +/,; . P)*9 ,/ ' /(=0'>' ''' 09,;/, , *'(* ' /9/, =/ 90(/9''(9(,*' ' :90 , '+'/* ;/' 9, . D'='/9' '/ ,''', 9/, ,@ ?/' /'' < '=',( ,'', < *'', ' /?/(,' , ,*//.D'?/=/ /,=' (,' , ',* 09/ */' < +,* /*'/+ =/ '*'*(, ,('9 (,' , *//* />0// A'/(// , =/ *' ' ,9*' '(// ' ,/,9' // ,*,9' =/ ' ':,,',

/(//* ' ?090/', 90 ',;/0,9 ,9*' >'(/ ' /9/0,' * ,(/?/(,*'

'* / < >/' < 0,=' < '*009' . N,*, '*' 0?,,* ' :,>'9'0*+/*0,' (,' ' '+, ,/ ' '*' *0* ,' < ' //*;/9' (,' 9,'9' < ' '='/9' (,' 0+',> 099 '*' (/* ' / =/ '

'=*' < ' (0*//9 =/ ' +),* . / (0/;//9' ,('*' ', *'/' ',( /9/,' ' 0,'/ .

C,9,/*;/90 0+0(,*' ' /*/' 9/ ' ,,: =/ ('9' ,9'/+''90 /*,9,;// ' (9>/' =/ ('9' '*'/,*' ' 0*0,'9' ( ,''

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/*' < ,'+,*' ?,/(/ ' 0 0/9 ' (,0 =/ '0,'/0(,/ < :'',9 < (,('/:'' . C0*//9' < / (' (' ,/'0,' < /(=0',> (,*/*,*', ' 0/:' / ,' < //?/( ,('* (0 ,9 90(/*0/90 T''/ (,' '*' ,*0?', .

C'('*/9' '?'(*,*' , ,*,* ( ,*0?', -, 0:;/* (/0/ ' (,0 9*/9 '(09 ( '*' 1% =/ ( ,('* ('=*'' (0*/( %//9' (9',' . A'/;/9' * < ,('* (,> < '00*/+ /'(*' >0'9' +'(/,*' ( ,('*' 09/:0,' ''/'*,9' =/ //'(*' /

/*''/9 9,;/90 *0?/(' .I'(*/(/'9' (,' ' ?090'( / (' (' ,/ 9* ,:/(9*

* +'/(9,*' ,' '**/'/ . F'0'9 ' 09,' 90+'=*' :' < ',''', < *0,*' ,'9' P)*9/ . P09,', ,'90 ' ,?,; =/ ,

*/90 ?',*/(' ' /( ,)(/' 09/: 9, (*,', ' '>'+' ,)(9)*9/ . A0+/>/0,', ('*'90 ,' '+/' / (' (' ,/,'+0/0, 0,* ( 0/', '('/*;/90 , ' (, ' 90(/*0 .

F9+//9' =/ 9,(/9' < ,9*,* ,:',/9' < 9/' ' +/,; < **,?0,*' (09'(*0,' ' '>// < '+/ ' ''(0(* . A'9' 90

* ,*)* ' 09,*' ( ,/ 0* ?/ ?090/*' /(/ ' /*/' < /(/ '*//:,;/' =/ < ,/ ,9' < '* '+0/9' /'(*' ,9' 09,;/'/ .M/9' =/ 0(','9' < '9' '9' < -, 0 (,,(/*,*' ' ':'','

/?//* . " ,?,, '='/90 ' (,' I 9' ,( ,'9' 9(/ '/* 0 (,*':0/''(/,9 ' 09,*0/ (,' '( ,'9' ,/' +,'9' (,' 9',:;/9' ' '**/'/ < ?/' ( * /(9' ,,(,;// ( 0*0 < ?/'( * :/:,;/ ' *' ' // ' *0' .

P' 9,@'9' **0 /90 =/ 0(','90 ' :'( '='/ ,9'(/+/9/>,;/'/ . A/,9'9' ,/' ?' ' ' , //?/(// (0,*'90 ,/ ?90,=/ ?,, < '/,@9 , /9' ,*'/,9' . E, ,?'(*',> /'(* =/ ?',@,'*' =/ '/*';, /0?''/ .

R'+>) (09'/*,*', ?'0' '9 9,:< ''0*//9' (,' 09 ' *'', ' /'/*,*', ,*// < ' *'', ,'0,* =/ (,/(/0, =/ 9' (0, ( ('9' ' ,*>/ (,' '/9*'/' 0*'@,* ' +/*,9/*,*', '(/'/ ,' < , ,/ ,9' < ' 0 */9/>,' =/'90,*,' ',;/0,9 .

A('*' 09/ ' (,' 9' ,(' '/9/ (0@*0 /,(*/+/*,*', 0,* (0*//, *'/' (0(*' ( ',(*/*,*' 0/(' 0'/

'* , :/ (/9' ('9' ,/ ,'(+,*' '*,9/>// 90 . D, ,/*' ' , +'',?'0''9' ' 09,' ,(;/0) ,, ,:/(9*// *,/9/ /0*,;,'(090:/'/ =/ , '(/9/'90 /090:/(' < ''9/?/( /9' '0(0*///'9,;//90 / ,* '* (, *0,*' ,('*', 9' /*': '(0/*''9' '

(,' ,:/(9*, 0' 9' ('',> ,*>/ =/ 9' +, (', +//*0 '*0;/'', 0 0(;// / (' (' ,/ ,/ .

2. SURSELE DE POLUARE I PRINCIPALII POLUANI

D''0/ ' +0'=*' '' 0 */9 09,' , 099/ < , ,'/ =/ ,,*0?''/ . U */ :'',9 ,9 ?'0'9/ ' 09,' 0,*' ?/ ?(*'00*/+ / /*''/9 (0,=*'// '90 (,'-9 :''',> =/ /'?'(*'9' +/>//9' ' (,' 9' '*'/ .

O '(,/*9,' ((/* , ,/90 09,*0/ ,/ '/9/ / 0,*':, ' ,('=*/, 3 ,/ (,*':0// =/ ,' < industiria , agricultura ,deeurile menaje .

A:/(9*, J(,' ,,' ,('* (0*'* '* 09,*0,'K '*'/*'',* ,(',* (0,=*'' (,' '>/* 0 ,'(*' '';/,9' ,('9, ' /@90( ' '>09+,' , 09''90 ' ' '+,(,', /+''90

'='/ ( , ?/ 00,/'9' / ,'9' ',*' < '='/9' ' 9, ('=*',,/,9'90

(, 0/'(* ,9 09// 0+0(,*' ' ,', /*/' .

2.1. SIDERURGIA

E*' , / ,/9' /*/'/ (,' (,>',> ,/ 09/,*0?''/ =/ 099/ < ( ,*)* ,/ ,/ ( ()* < 0('''9' *'/(' +/>)*;/', ,,'*9/ =/ , (,9/*;// , /*0 ?090/', /*'/+ ,0/:'9/ . N'('/*,*', ?090/// /*/' , /''/90 ,*,9' (,'

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*'/' 0:;/*' '*'/ 0',;// ',9,/9' (') 0/ ' 0//9' '0/' , :,>'90 *0/(' )/*' ,' .

P/(/,9// 09,;/ '/=/ ' /*/, /':/( * 9'/9'