Popula Tiil Or

7/25/2019 Popula Tiil Or

1/18

IntroducereGENETICA POPULAIILOR STUDIAZ FACTORII CARE DETERMIN COMPOZIIAGENETIC A UNEI POPULAII I MODUL N CARE ACETEA INTERACIONEAZObiectiveDETERMINAREA MODIFICRILOR N TIMP A POPULAIILOR NATURALE I AMECANISMELOR DE INTERACIUNEELUCIDAREA PROCESELOR CE DETERMIN DI!ERGENA POPULAIILOR I APARIIA DENOI SPECIIE!ALUAREA !ARIAIEI GENETICE N POPULAIILE NATURALEE!IDENIEREA PROCESELOR CE CONSER! I REDUC !ARIAIILE GENETICE NPOPULAIILE NATURALESTUDIEREA FACTORILOR CE DETERMIN E!OLUIA "SELECIA NATURAL# DRIFTULGENETIC# MUTAIILE# MIGRAIA$Scurt %&tor%c1920 1930: '('r%)%' Genet%c%% (o(u*')%%*or c' +t%%n),

- S. Wri!t ".//0-.0//$ -R.A. "i#!er "./01-.023$ -$.%.S. &'()'*e "./03-.024$A*ii +,0 'i #ec.--5 de67o*t're' Genet%c%% (o(u*')%%*or

- 7'*or%8c're' &t't%&t%c%%# -e*uc%d're' ro*u*u% 9ut')%%*or neutre- '(ro:und're' &tud%u*u% &tructur%% ;enet%ce ' (o(u*')%%*or

- 'n'*%6' (roce&e*or e7o*ut%7e n%c%*or 9o*ecu*'reNo)%un% ;ener'*eEvoluia Proce& co9(*e? de 9od%8c're ' co9(o6%)%e% ;enet%ce ' (o(u*')%%*or n'tur'*e&u= 'c)%une' :or)e*or e7o*ut%7eTSE teoria sintetic a evoluieiO D'r@%n *e;'t, de&e*ec)%' n'tur'*, cu teor%' 9ende*%'n, ' ered%t,)%%#='6't, (e de67o*t're' ;enet%c%% +%=%o*o;%e% 9o*ecu*'reSpecie Un 'n&'9=*u de (o(u*')%% n'tur'*e '*e c,ror %nd%7%6% &e (ot re(roduce


2/18

Pro7o'c, un e:ect %n7er& dr%:tu*u% ;enet%cFrecvena alelic $i vrecvena genotipicCe*e 9'% %9(ort'nte 7'*or% :o*o&%te = #t (' b'' rce#6(6i ev(6tiv

/'ri'bi(it'te' e*etic 'te 5 )eter4i*'t )e: 1./'ri'7i' c'r'ctere(r )i#crete ;#i4(e< - &e d'tore'6, une% &%n;ure ;ene - (re6%nt, d%8cu*t,)% (entru e7%den)%ere' '*e*e*or rece&%7e no*o;%' de &ec7en)%ere ' ADN "9etod' *u%S'n;er$ - &e '(*%c, *' &tud%%*e de ;enet%c, (o(u*')%on'*, "re%t9'n# .0/ (o*%9or8&9u* ;ene% '*coo* de>%dro;en'6e% *' Drosophila melanogaster)- (ot

e7%den)%' (o*%9or8&9e*e une% &%n;ure nuc*eot%de SNP (single nucleotidpolymorphism);- :urn(er9%t %dent%8c're' 'uto9't%6't, +% r'(%d, ' SNP-ur%*or "c%(ur%*eADN$


3/18

2. et)e i*)irecte - :urn%6e'6, %n:or9')%% (e ='6' c,ror' &e deduce 7'r%')%' de*' n%7e*u* 9o*ecu*e% de ADN - &unt 9'% (u)%n &en&%=%*e "decBt ce*e d%recte -&ec7en)%ere'$# d'r 9'% r'(%de +% 9'% %e:t%ne- (er9%t &tud%ere' unu% nu9,r 9're de%nd%7%6%Te!*ici(e 4(ec6('re e*tr6 i)e*ti5c're' i c6'*ti5c're' v'ri'7iei e*etice

@* 6('7ii(e *'t6r'(e: Te!*ic' R"LP "Re&tr%ct%on "r';9ent Len;t> Po*H9or(>%&9$ - :o*o&e+te re&tr%c)%'en6%9't%c, +% e*ectro:ore6' %c NA$- &e '&e'9,n, te>n%c%%AFLP- &e ut%*%6e'6, &%9u*t'n cBte do% (r%9er% cu &ec7en)e ern =*ott$ >%=r%d%6're' cu o &ond, ADN ce con)%ne o &ec7en), con&er7't, de .1-.K (= 'utor'd%o;r'8ere' &'u 7%6u'*%6're' 9ode*u*u% de ='nd're o=)%nut

- re(re6%nt, ='6' '9(rent,r%% ADN (DNA fngerprinting),aplicate la stabilirea paternitii.Te!*ic' STRP "S%n;*e T'nde9 Re(e't Po*H9or(>%&9$- &e ut%*%6e'6, (entrue7%den)%ere' microsateliilor"t%( de *oc% 'ADN-u*u% &'te*%t r,&(Bnd%)%


4/18

7%6u'*%6're' re6u*t'te*or (r%n &c'n're *'&er du(, %nten&%t'te' uore&cen)e% (re*ucr're' d'te*or *' c'*cu*'tor

- &e '(*%c, (entru5 %dent%8c're' 9ut')%%*or *' n%7e*u* 'nu9%tor ;ene "de e? c'ncero'&e$ &tud%u* SNP-ur%*or "Po*%9or8&9u* une% &%n;ure nuc*eot%de$ &tud%u* e?(r%9,r%% ;ene*or &t'=%*%re' &tructur%% ;enet%ce ' (o(u*')%%*or

-& Frecvenele alelice $i !recvenele genotipice Pentru cu'nt%8c're' 7'r%'=%*%t,)%% ;enet%ce &e ut%*%6e'6, conce(tu* 7'r%')%e% '*e*%ce

ntr-o (o(u*')%e (ute9 c'*cu*' :rec7en)' d%:er%tor ;enot%(ur% >o9o6%;ote &'u>etero6%;ote (entru o 'nu9%t, ;en, +%#


5/18

+n/ c're &e ;,&e&c


6/18

Pentru re'*%6're' c'*cu*e*or &e '(*%c, '*te te>n%c%5 Metode c%to;enet%ce Metode =%oc>%9%ce Metode de 9ode*'re 9'te9't%c,

-&%& Sisteme #e mperec6ereS%&te9u* de ere re(re6%nt, 9ode*u* (r%n c're 8ec're %nd%7%d %*e 'u :enot%(ur%*e 9'% d%:er%te decBt e&te de 'Qte(t't o9o6%;o%'-


7/18


8/18

De(%&t're' 9od%8c,r%*or :rec7ene% ;ene*or '*e*e


9/18

Se(eci' *'t6r'( F'7or%6e'6, 'nu9%te '*e*e ;r'%e &u(r'7%eu%r%% %nd%7%6%*or 9'%7%;uroQ% *' 'c%une' :'ctor%*or &e*ect%7% '% 9ed%u*u% "86%c%# c>%9%c%# =%o*o;%c%$Ac%une':'ctor%*or 9ed%u*u% Deter9%n,9 nu9,ru* "r't'$ >o9o6%;o%*or rece&%7% C'*cu*,9 :rec7en' '*e*e% do9%n'nte5p"p .- $> C'*cu*,9 :rec7en' >etero6%;o%*or


10/18

Frec7en' '*e*e*or5p (A) + (I) + r (H) . Frec7en' ;enot%(ur%*or5 "p + + r$3 . Ecu'%' J'rdH-We%n=er; e&te ur9,to're'5 p3"AA$ 3p"AI$ 3pr"AH$ 3"II$ 3r "IH$ r3"HH$ .

C'(c6('re' 8recve*ei @* c'6( '(e(i#46(6i 46(ti(6 ;E?e4(6%*%=ru %*%=ru*u% &unt %9(*%c'te'9=e*e c'te;or%% de (roce&e


17/18

,. icr= i 4'crev(67i' icrev(67ie- 9od%8c're' ;eno:ondu*u% une% (o(u*')%%

- (roce& e7o*ut%7 ce deter9%n, :or9're' de no% ;ru(,r% de or;'n%&9e "&(ec%%$ 'crev(67ie- &c>%9=,r% e7o*ut%7e (e&te n%7e*u* &(ec%e%

- (roce& e7o*ut%7 ce deter9%n, :or9're' un%t,)%*or t'?ono9%ce 9'% 9'r% c' &(ec%',.2. Seci'7i' Seci'7i'- (roce& e7o*ut%7 ce deter9%n, d%:eren)%ere' (o(u*')%%*or +%

d%7er&%8c're' &(ec%8c, L' b'' #eci'7iei #e ' rce#6( )e i('re c're 'te 5: ecologic deter9%n't, de cond%)%%*e &(ec%'*e eco*o;%ce geografc deter9%n't, de :'ctor%% ;eo;r'8c% repro#uctiv deter9%n't, de e?%&ten)' ='r%ere*or =%o*o;%ce

I('re' rer)6ctiv r'rt't (' 44e*t6( 8ec6*)rii 'te 5: 1. i('re )eter4i*'t )e 4ec'*i#4e reitice

- %=r%6%*or "une*e &'*'9'ndre$ :ibrizi sterili deter9%n't, de %n:ert%*%t'te' unor >%=r%6% &,n,to+% +% 7%;uro+%

"c'tBru*$ :ibrizi mai puin viguro$i deter9%n't, de &c,dere' 7%;uro6%t,)%% >%=r%6%*or

&,n,to+% +% :ert%*% F* *'t6r #e @*tB(*e#c )6 ti6ri 4're )e #eci'7ie:

1. '*'e*e' ;ev(67ie 5(etic< - re(re6%nt, 'cu9u*'re' de 9od%8c,r% c're duc *' tr'n&:or9're' ;r'd't, ' une%&(ec%%


18/18

2. #eci'7ie ri* re'r'*'4e*te cr44i'(' - e&te *ent, +% ;r'd't, -(o'te 8 re'*%6't, (r%n poliploidie +% translocaie

Popula Tiil Or

Documents

Transcript of Popula Tiil Or