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CURSUL NR.3 “URBANIZARE SUSTENABILĂ”MODUL NR.2 - CONSTRUC II DE TIP CASĂ VERDEȚCURSUL NR.2Ec.Dr.Ing. Ioan C!"ar#

AR$ITECTURA SOLARĂ. CASE SOLARE ACTIVE% PASIVE I $IBRIDEȘ

1.Arhitectura solară

A a&r'( )"##a proiectării compatibile ecologic. Un &r)* +c)a!)+( car# a ,n #!#+ța!#n #!# #n#rg)#) na('ra!#% a&!)cn"'-!# ,n *o" &rac()c a /o+( )ng)n#r'! B'c0*)n+(#r 1'!!#r%țc#! car# a c#rc#(a( n(r' ,n()a oara &r)nc)&)'! casei auto-suficiente. D# a)c) a *a) /o+( 'n+)ng'r &a+ n(r' +c)a!) () +&r# ,n #!#g#r#a +) &'n#r#a ,n a&!)car# a ca!)( )!or *#")'!')ș ț țna('ra!% aa !#g)!or /))c#. E/#c('! +-a *a(#r)a!)a( &r)n ")r#c ))!# g#n#ra!# +&r# car# +#țor)#n(#a a+() ar4)(#c('ra5 arhitectura solară 6+# a#a '()!)ar#a #n#rg)#) &ro#n)(#

"# !a +oar# ca #n#rg)# !)#r% n#con#n )ona!#78ț• arhitectura inteligenta

• arhitectura bioclimatica  6Pro)#c(ar#a c!")r)!or )oc!)*a()c# con+(a ,n a"a&(ar#ac!")r)!or !a con") ))!# *#(#oro!og)c# +c)/)c# ) ,n o )n#r#a gra"'!') c#! *a) r)")ca(ț ș ț"# con/or( '()!)n" c( *a) &' )n# +'r+# a'9)!)ar# "# #n#rg)#.7ț

• arhitectura verde 6gr##n arc4)(#c('r# #9&r)* +&r# #9#*&!' 'n *o" "# (r) a! c!")r))")n r#+'r+# r#g#n#ra)!#78

• 6low energy architecture7%

Toa(# ac#+(# "#n'*)r) #9&r)*n"'-+# &r)n(r-o aor"ar# co*&!#9% o)#c('! "#ar4)(#c('r /))n" rc#&'( ca 'n :organ)+* )'” .

D)nco!o "# a /) "oar o (#n")n a% (#r*#n'! "#ț arhitectura ecologica "#n'*# (# 'n *o"ș"# a &r)) ac())(a(#a "# conc#& )# ) "# con+(r'c )# a 'n#) c!")r) ,n ra&or( c' )*&ac('! ac#+(#)aț ș ța+'&ra *#")'!') ,ncon;'r(or.

2. Casele solare

Ca+#!# car# a!or)/)c ,n *o" con ()#n( < &a+) +a' ac() < #n#rg)a +o!ara +# n'*#+cșcase solare.

=n /'nc )# "# &ro&or )a ,n car# #n#rg)a +o!ara +# '()!)#a n(r' +a()+/ac#r#aț țn#c#+)(a )!or #n#rg#()c# a!# 'n#) ca+#% #9)+(a ca+# c' #n#rg)# #ro% ca+# c' #n#rg)# &o)()a )ț șca+# c' #n#rg)# r#"'+a.

a. Casele cu energie zero  +'n( ac#!# c!")r) !a car# n#c#+)( )!# #n#rg#()c# +'n(ț+a()+/c'(# a&roa ,n (o(a!)(a(# ")n #n#rg)a +o!ar ca&(a(. Con+'*'! #n#rg#()c +# con+)"#r !an)#!'! 'n') an% "#oar#c# ara +# ")+&'n# "# o can()(a(# *a) *ar# "# #n#rg)# +o!ar "#c()arna.

b. Casele cu energie pozitiva  o )n *a) *'!(a #n#rg)# +o!ar "#c( c#a n#c#+arțcon+'*'!') an'a!. =n g#n#ra! ac#+(# ca+# a!or)/)ca #n#rg)a +o!ar a(( c' a;'(or'!co!#c(oar#!or +o!ar# 6)n+(a!a )) "# &ro"'c#r# a a) ca!"# *#na;#r#7 c( ) '()!)n" c#!'!#ț ș6a(#r))7 +o!ar# 6)n+(a!a )) "# &ro"'c#r# a c'r#n('!') #!#c(r)c7. En#rg)a ca!or)ca "# &ro#n)#n aț ț+o!ara o )n'( ara #+(# +(oca(a n(r' r)oa"a )#rn)) ,n r##roar# (#r*)c# 6ca!or)c#7 c' a&aț+a' +r'r) *)n#ra!#% )ar #n#rg)a #!#c(r)ca n#con+'*a(a #+(# "#)(a(a ,n r# #a'a "# #n#rg)#ț#!#c(r)ca.

P#n(r' *+'rar#a can()( )) "# #n#rg)# #!#c(r)ca "#)(a(a ,n r# #a #+(# n#c#+ara #9)+(#n(aț ț'n') con(or +c)a! car# +# ro(# (# “)n#r+”.ș

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La &ro)#c(ar#a ca+#!or ")n &r)*#!# "o'a ca(#gor)) #+(# /oar(# )*&or(an( ca a(#r))!#+o!ar# ) co!#c(oar#!# +o!ar# +a /)# ")*#n+)ona(# ,n *o" cor#+&'n(or. C!")r)!# "# ac#+( /#!ș(r#')# &r#a'(# c' )n+(a!a )) "# ca&(ar# a #n#rg)#) +o!ar# an" +'&ra/# # con+)"#ra)!#.ț ț

c. Casele cu energie redusa +'n( ac#!# ca+# car# '()!)#a #n#rg)a +o!ara n(r',nc!)r#. Ac#+(# ca+# n#c#+)(a 'n con+'* #n#rg#()c an'a! n(r' ,nc!)r# ,n(r# > +) >?

0@4*2% con+)"#rn" +'&ra/a a '()!. =n ca'! 'n#) ca+# c' o +'&ra/a a '()!a "# 2? *2ț țn#c#+ar'! an'a! "# #n#rg)# (#r*)ca #+(# "# ?? < ??? 0@4% )ar n(r' &ro"'c#r#a ac#+(#)a ar /) n#o)# "# 3 < 3? *3 ga *#(an. La &ro)#c(ar#a ) con+(r')r#a ac#+(or ca+# +# )*&'n a(( oșor)#n(ar# ) o /or*a con+(r'c()a cor#+&'n(oar#% c( ) )o!ar#a (#r*)ca /oar(# aan+a(a.ș ș

3. Captarea energiei solare. Captarea activa captarea pasiva i hibrida a radia iei solareș ț

D)#r+#!# /or*# "# ca&(ar# +'n(% ,n g#n#ra!% c!a+a(# ,n "o' *ar) ca(#gor))5 &a+) 6ca&(ar#a &r)n #!#*#n(# ar4)(#c('ra!#7 ) ac() 6ca&(ar#a &r)n #!#*#n(# (#4n)c# #9(#r)oar# +(r'c('r))7.șAc#a+( ")+()nc )#% car# a &rooca( !'ng) &oț !#*)c) "#+&r# ca+#!# &a+)# ) c#!# ac()#% #+(#ș "#+('!"# +(#r)!% n(r' c !oc')n #!# +o!ar#ț  &o( /) &a+)# ) ac()# ,n ac#!a ) ()*& 6"#+ș ș c4)"#r)!# "#

 r# )% &r )!# )(ra(# con+()(')# c#aț ț *a) #!#*#n(ar /or* "# ca&(a; &a+)7.O "#+c4)"#r# 'n r#(# or)#n(a( +'"% +'"-#+( r*)(# ra")a )#) +o!ar# + &(r'n"ț ")r#c(

,n &)#+#!# r#+c()#% a"'cn" c!"'r )ș !'*)n. Or)#n(ar#a ,n &!)n +'" #+(# ,n g#n#ra! &r))!#g)a( ) /a a"a +'" ar# ,n *o" o) n')(ș ț ș c#!# *a) *ar) "#+c4)"#r). D# a+#*#n#a% #+(# "#"or)( ca ,n &r)*'! rn" + +# /ac 'n ca!c'! a! ra&or('r)!or "# c!"'r &o(#n )a!# n(r' aț"#(#r*)na +'&ra/a a o&()* "# )(ra;.ț

3. Ca&(ar#a ac()a +# r#/#r !a ca&(a(or)) +o!ar) &ro&r)'-)+).

3.2. Ca&(ar#a &a+)a

!erestrele "# /a a"a +'")c ,n"#ț  &!)n#+c /'nc )a "# co!#c(or) +o!ar). ,n ac#+( ca%ț /oar(#)*&or(an( #+(# )o!ar#a /#r#+(r#!or c(r# )n(#r)or 6r#"'c#r#a &)#r"#r)!or "# c!"'r noa&(#a78 )ar 

ca r##ror "# +'r&!'+ "# c!"'r #+(# con+)"#ra( +)+(#*'! con+(r'c() 6&!an ##% r# ) #(c7.ș ț

"era /o!o+)( "r#&( co!#c(or +o!ar #+(# "# /a&( o #9()n"#r# a conc#&('!') "# /#r#a+(r+o!ar. Ea #9&'n# o +'&ra/a *a) *ar# "#ț g#a* c(r# ra")a)a +o!ar% "ar c' &)#r"#r# *a) *ar#"# c!"'r% "ac )o!a )a n' #+(# conț c#&'( ,n con+#c)n . Pro!#*a a /) r#!'a( ,nț "#(a!)' ,nca&)(o!'! "#+&r# +#r#.

Un a!( conc#&( "# co!#c(or &a+)% a!a)! "a(or)( #r+a()!)( )) +a!#% #+(# acor) '!ț ș*on)(or% car# #+(# "# /a&( c'&o!a% +0F!)g4(-'!% !an(#rna% &' '! "# !'*)n% aran;a(# ,n a a /#! ,nc(ț ș+ con(ro!## +'r&!'+'! "# c!"'r% !'*)n na('ra! G) #n()!a )a.ț

Acor) '! *on)ș (or #+(# 'n +)+(#* +rac ,n a&or( "# c!"'r5 ,n &r)*'! rn"% n(r' cra")a )a +o!ar 6c!"'ra7ț )n(r !a &ar(#a +'r)oar a c!")r)) ) a&o) n(r' c #9&'n#r#a șacor) &r#+'&'n#ș 'n a&or( &r#a &'(#rn)c ,n )!#!# "# ar8 )ar )arna% cn" 'ng4)'! +oar#!')#+(# *a) *)c% ra#!# ac#+(')a &(r'n" &r)n acor) '! *on)(or ) #+(# &' )n &roa)! c or ș ș ța;'ng# +'&ra/a aț  c# &oa(# o/#r) ,n*aga)nar# "# c!"'r. E!# ,n+ a' 'n )n(#r#+ &ar()c'!ar 

 n(r' c +'n( +'r+# #9c#!#n(# "# !'*)n na('ra!.

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A!( gr'& "# co!#c(or) &a+))% car# /o!o+#+c c!"'ra "#ga;a( "# &r )!# +'r)oar# a!#ț r# )!or ț  +a' acor) 'r)!or% +'n( c#) car# '()ș !)#a &roc#"#'! "# #termosifon$ .

S# &o( a&!)ca (r#) &roc#"##% /o!o+)n" (#r*o+)/on'!. Pr)*'! &roc#"#' car# , ) g+# (#ș șa&!)ca )#ț   ,n ar4)(#c('ra (ra") )ona!% ca ) ,n &roț ș )#c(ar#a +o!ar% /o!o+# (# c!"'ra +o!arș

ac'*'!a( ,n +&a())!# !)#r# ")n +(r'c('ra r# )!or ) a acor) '!'). Cn" ac#a+( c!"'r #+(#ț ș ș*a) *ar# "#c( c!"'ra +&a )'!') )n(#r)or% (r#ț  ')# ,n"r#&(a( +&r# +&a )'! #9(#r)or% &r)n #n()ț !ar#a)n")r#c( +a' /or a(a a a#r'!').ț   C#!#!a!(# "o' +)+(#*# /o!o+#+c ,n(r#aga an#!o& a c!")r)) ca+)+(#* "# ,n*aga)nar# )ar ,n *o" +c)a!% /o!o+#+c +)+(#*'! "#n'*)( #peretele %rombe#.

1'nc ))!# "# ca&(ar#% +(ocar# ) ")+(r)' )# +'n( a+'*a(# &r)n(r-'n an+a*!' con+()(')(ț ș ț")n(r-'n r#(# *a+)% o&+)( "# &r#/#r)n c' oț c'!oar# ,nc4)+% #9&'+ !a +oar# ) a #a( ,n +&a(#!#ș ș'n') go! )(ra( 6car# &oa(# /) o +#r7. D#+c4)"#r#a "# !a aa ) "# !a &ar(#a +'ș r)oar a r#(#!')

 r*)( a#r'!') ,nc!)( 6")n(r# )(ra; ) r#(#7 + )n(r# ,n +&a ))!# a")ac#n(# )ș ț ș a&o)% rc)(% +- )școn()n'# c)rc')('!. S)*&!)(a(#a r#a! a ac#+(') &r)nc)&)' n' ,*&)#")c ,n+ 'n#!# ")/)c'!( ) "#ț

 &'n#r# ,n or a ac#+(') r#(# 6")*#n+)onar#a !') #+(# /oar(# "#!)ca(7.

Un a!( +)+(#* &a+) "# co!#c(ar# a c!"'r)) +o!ar# #+(# +)+(#*'! #solar pond# car# &r#+'&'n# ,nc4)"#r#a ar()/)c)a! a 'nor o!'*# "# a&. E+(# /o!o+)( ,n +c)a! ,n c!)*a(#!# 'n"#n#c#+)( )!# n(r' rc)r#a +&a())!or +'n( &r#c'*&n)(oar# c#!or n(r' ,nc!)r#.ț

S)+(#*'! &r#+'&'n# ,n+ a(( ,nc!)r#a +&a ))!or ț % c( ) rc)r#a !or. E! &oa(# /) )n(#gra( ,nș+(r'c('ra con+(r'c )#)% n'*a) acor) % +a'ț ș a!( con+(r'c )# +#&ara(. P#n(r' /)#car# +)('a )#ț ț %con(ro!'! &roc#+#!or "# ,nc!)r# ) rc)r# (r#')# + /)# )n# +(&n)(% n(r' caș ac#+( +)+(#* +/)# #/)c)#n(. Ac#a+(a &r#+'&'n# /o!o+)r#a &ano'r)!or *o)!# "# )o!a )#ț  n(r' acor)r#a +a'"#+cor)r#a +)+(#*'!') ,n /'nc )# "# n#c#+)(a ) 6,nc!)r# +a' rc)r#7. C#!# *a) /o!o+)(# +'n(ț ț

+)+(#*#!# c'&r)n+# ,n acor)ș 6#9#*&!'! ca+#) A+(aca"#ro7. Ac#+(# +)+(#*# "a' r#'!(a(# 'n# )ș,n r#g)'n)!# nor")c#.

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3.3. Ca&(ar#a 4)r)"a

M'!(# ")n r#a!)r) +'n( conc#&'(# ,n a a /#! ,nc( +)+(#*#!# ac()# +a' &a+)# +#șc'&!#a. Mo"'r)!# "# c'&!ar# +'n( )n/)n)(# ) /)#car# con+(r'c )# #+(# 'n ca &ar()c'!ar. S'n(ș ța!#+# +&r# #9#*&!)/)car# &a(r' ")n +o!' ))!# *a) r#&r##nț (a()#% ")n /)g'r)!# "# *a) ;o+.

1a(a "# con+(r'c ))!# con+#ra()# r#a!)a(# ,n +)+(#* con+(r'c() con#n )ona!% ca+#!#ț ț+o!ar# +# ")+()ng &r)n(r-o carac(#r)+()ca g#o*#(r)ca +c)/)ca r#&r##n(a(a "# ra&or('! ")n(r#+'&ra/a a "# ca&(ar# a ra")a )#) +o!ar# Aț ț  &+  ) o!'*'! +&a )'!') ,nc!)( V. P#n(r' ca oș țcon+(r'c )# + /)# con+(r'c )# +o!ar #+(# n#c#+ar + +# ,n"#&!)n#a+c con") )aț ț ț &

?%?H A &+V ?%3

'. (eterminarea performantelor energetice ale sistemelor pasive de )ncălzire solară

P#r/or*an(a #n#rg#()ca a +)+(#*#!or &a+)# "# ,nc!)r# +o!ar #+(# "# 'r*(oar#!# *r)*)8

- #/)c)#n(a #n#rg#()ca% car# r#/!#c(a r#"'c#r#a &)#r"#r)!or #9#g#()c# an'a!# a!# 'n#)con+(r'c )) "o(a(# c' +)+(#*# &a+)# "# ,nc!)r# +o!ara ,n ra&or( c' o con+(r'c )# +)*)!ara% c'ț țac##a ) con/or*ar# ) r#)+(#n(a (#r*)ca a #!#*#n(#!or "# ,nc4)"#r# r)*#(ra!a "ar !)&+)(a "#ș ș"o(r) +o!ar#8

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- In")c#!# +c)/)c "# #cono*)# "# co*'+())! car# r#&r#)n(a #cono*)a "#co*'+())! n(r' ,nc!)r# ra&or(a(a !a +'&ra/a a "# ca&(ar# a ra")a )#) +o!ar#.ț ț

S# "#(#r*)n #cono*)a an'a! "# co*'+())! r#a!)a( "# ca+a +o!ar /a "# ca+a +)*)!arț!)&+)( "# "o(r) +o!ar# c' r#!a )a5ț

C = i.A ps  J0ganK8 JN*3anK8 J0gccanK 

In")c#!# +c)/)c "# #cono*)# "# co*'+())! :) c' r#!a ))!#5ț

- n(r' ca'! '()!)r)) co*'+())!)!or !)c4))% +o!)) +a' gao )5ș

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*. Categorii de sisteme solare de )ncălzire& sistemul pasiv i sistemul activ.ș

S# /o!o+#+c "o'a ca(#gor)) "# +)+(#*# +o!ar# "# ,nc!)r#5 +)+(#*'! &a+) ) +)+(#*'!șac(). Ac#+(# +)+(#*# a' r#&r##n(a( ) r#&r#)n(a +')#c('! 'nor &rogra*# "# c#rc#(ar# a&!)ca(#ș,n *'!(# (ar) 6SUA% 1ran a% Dan#*arca% #r*an)a% Ro*n)a #(c7. Da(or)(a /a&('!') ca +'r+a "#ț#n#rg)# +o!ara ar# o "'ra(a ")'rna !)*)(a(a% ,n ()*& c# c!")r#a (r#')# ,nc!)(a r*an#n(%a*#!# +)+(#*# 6&a+) ) ac()7 +'n( &r#a'(# c' o 'n)(a(# "# +(ocar# a c!"'r)) &ro#n)(# ")nșra")a )a +o!ar.ț

a+ ,nstala ii solare de )ncălzire pasivaț

Ac#+(# +)+(#*# a' r/or*an(# r)")ca(#% "# ac##a #9)+(a ,n !'*# /oar(# *'!(# c!")r),nc!)(# &a+). E!#*#n(#!# &r)nc)&a!# +'n( r#&r##n(a(# "# ca&(a(oar#!# &a+)# car# a' ro!'! "#a ca&(a% +(oca ) ")+(r)') #n#rg)a +o!ara. Ac#+(#a +'n( ,ng!oa(# ,n r# )) #9(#r)or) )(ra ) )ș ț ț șor)#n(a ) +&r# +'". A&or('! #n#rg)#) +o!ar# +# r#a!)#a a(( &r)n )n(#r*#")'! ca&(a(oar#!or ț)n(#gra(# ,n #!#*#n(#!# "# con+(r'c )) *a+)# car# "#!)*)(#a ,ncr#a c( ) &r)n )n(#r*#")'!ț ș+'&ra/# #!or )(ra(#. P#n(r' c!")r)!# "o(a(# c' ac#+( +)+(#* "# ,nc!)r#% (#*ra('ra )n(#r)oaraț"# con/or( +# r#a!)#a c' a;'(or'! 'n#) +'r+# c!a+)c# "# c!"'r% "ar +)+(#*'! "# ,nc!)r#

 &a+) con(r)')# ,n(r-o *+'r )*&or(an(a !a r#"'c#r#a con+'*'!') "# co*'+())!) n#c#+ar ,nc!)r)) c!")r)).

b+ ,nstala ii solare de )ncălzire activaț

A' r/or*an(# #n#rg#()c# *a) r)")ca(# "#c( c#!# a!# +)+(#*'!') &a+) "# ,nc!)r#% "ar "a(or)(a co+('r)!or "# )n#+() )# r)")ca(# +'n( /o!o+)(# *a) &' )n. Ac#+(# +)+(#*# +'n( &r#a'(#ț țc' +)+(#* "# c)rc'!ar# a ag#n('!') (#r*)c &'r((or "# c!"'ra ,n(r# ca&(a(or% r##ror'! "#+(ocar# ) +'&ra/# #!# "# ,nc!)r#. O carac(#r)+()ca a ac#+(or +)+(#*# o r#&r#)n(a (#*ra('raș ț/!')"'!') &'r((or "# c!"'ra% car# ar# 'n &o(#n )a! (#r*)c r#"'+ 6*a) *)c +a' #ga! c' >?C7%țc##a c# )*&'n# '()!)ar#a ) a 'n#) +'r+# c!a+)c# "# c!"'ra.ș