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Transcript of mnd ds j utyw tya ggsf fsffg cxcvzxvx zxv fd dxzvbc bncx vcb cbn xvcvdg sdzxcsxcxcxjv jv cu
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 1/17
(/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/cloudyearth.jpg)
May 5, 2016
Expanding Tropics Pushing
High Altitude CloudsTowards Poles, NASAStudy Finds
A new NASA analysis of 30-years of satellite data
suggests that a previously observed trend of high altitude
clouds in the mid-latitudes shifting toward the poles is
caused primarily by the expansion of the tropics.
Clouds are among the most important mediators of heat
reaching Earth's surface. Where clouds are absent,darker surfaces like the ocean or vegetated land absorb
heat, but where clouds occur their white tops reflect
incoming sunlight away, which can cause a cooling effect
on Earth’s surface. Where and how the distribution of
cloud patterns change strongly aff ects Earth's climate.
Understanding the underlying causes of cloud migration
will allow researchers to better predict how they may
affect Ear th's climate in the future.
(/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/cell_image_1920_laThe Hadley cells describe how air moves through the tropics on either side
equator. They are tw o of six major air circulation cells on Earth.
Credits: NASA
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 2/17
George Tselioudis, a climate scientist at NASA's Goddard
Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University in
New York City, was interested in which air currents were
shifting clouds at high altitude – between about three and
a half and six miles high – toward the poles.
The previous suggested reason was that climate change
was shifting storms and the powerful air currents known
as the jet streams – including the one that traverses the
United States – toward the poles, which in turn were
driving the movement of the clouds.
To see if that was the case, Tselioudis and his colleagues
analyzed the International Satellite Cloud Climatology
Project data set, which combines cloud data from
operational weather satellites, including those run by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to
provide a 30-year record of detailed cloud observations.
They combined the cloud data with a computer re-
creation of Earth's air currents for the same period driven
by multiple surface observations and satellite data sets.
What they discovered was that the poleward shift of the
clouds, which occurs in both the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres, connected more strongly with the
expansion of the tropics, defined by the general
circulation Hadley cell, than with the movement of the jets.
The Hadley cell is one of the major ways air is moved
around the planet. Existing in both hemispheres, it starts
when air in the tropics, which is heated at the surface by
intense sunlight, warms and rises. At high altitudes it is
pushed away from the equator towards the mid-latitudes
to the north and south, then it begins to sink back to
Earth's surface, closing the loop.
"What we find, and other people have found it as well, is
that the sinking branch of the Hadley cell, as the climate
warms, tends to be moving poleward," said Tselioudis.
"It's like you're making the tropical region bigger." And
that expansion causes the tropical air currents to blow
into the high altitude clouds, pushing them toward the
poles, he said. The results were published in Geophysical
Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical
Union.
Scientists are working to understand exactly why the
tropics are expanding, which they believe is related to a
warming climate.
The poleward shift of high altitude clouds affects how
much sunlight reaches Earth's surface because when
they move, they reveal what's below.
"It's like pulling a curtain," said Tselioudis. And what tends
to be revealed depends on location – which in turn
affects whether the surface below warms or not.
MORESTORI
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 3/17
"Sometimes when that curtain is pulled, as in the case
over the North Atlantic ocean in the winter months, this
reduces the overall cloud cover" in the lower mid-
latitudes, the temperate regions outside of the tropics,
Tselioudis said. The high altitude clouds clear to reveal
dark ocean below – which absorbs incoming sunlight and
causes a warming effect.
However, in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, the
high altitude clouds usually clear out of the way to reveal
lower altitude clouds below – which continue to reflect
sunlight from their white tops, causing little effect on the
solar radiation reaching the surface.
When the results are taken together, the bottom line is
that the cloud interactions with atmospheric circulation
and solar radiation are complicated, and the tropical
circulation appears to play a dominant role, said
Tselioudis.
That information is a new insight that will likely be used by
the climate modeling community, including the scientists
who contribute modeling expertise to the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said
Lazaros Oreopoulos, a cloud and radiation budget
researcher at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in
Greenbelt, Maryland, who was not involved in the study.
Climate modelers aim for their computer simulations to
correspond as closely to reality as possible in order to
reliably predict Earth's future climate.
"If current behavior is not well simulated, then confidence
in predicted future behavior will be lower," Oreopoulos
said. "I anticipate this study to be looked at carefully and
affect thinking on these matters."
Read the paper at Geophysical Research Letters:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL068242/
(http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL068242
Ellen Gray (mailto:[email protected]?
subject=Expanding%20Tropics%20Pushing%20High%
NASA's Earth Science News Team
Last Updated: May 5, 2016
Editor: Karl Hille
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), Climate(/subject/3127/climate), Earth (/topics/earth/index.html),Earth Research Findings (/subject/7782/earth-research-
findings), Goddard Institute for Space Studies(/subject/6071/giss), Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html)
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/6071/gisshttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/7782/earth-research-findingshttp://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3127/climatehttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3126/airmailto:[email protected]?subject=Expanding%20Tropics%20Pushing%20High%20Altitude%20Clouds%20Towards%20Poles%2C%20NASA%20Study%20Findshttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL068242/abstract
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 4/17
May 3, 2016
NASA Study: Rising Carbon
Dioxide Levels Will Helpand Hurt CropsElevated carbon dioxide concentrations in the
atmosphere may increase water-use efficiency in crops
and considerably mitigate yield losses due to climate
change, according to a new NASA study.
The results, published in the journal Nature Climate
Change on April 18, show some compensation for the
adverse impacts of temperature extremes and water
Tags: Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Earth Research Findings(/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard Institutefor Space Studies (/subject/6071/giss), Goddard Space FlightCenter (/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Water(/subject/3135/water)
Read Full Article
April 26, 2016
Carbon Dioxide FertilizationGreening Earth, StudyFindsFrom a quarter to half of Earth’s vegetated lands has
shown significant greening over the last 35 years largely
due to rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide,
according to a new study published in the journal Nature
Climate Change on April 25.
An international team of 32 authors from 24 institutions in
eight countries led the effort, which involved using
Tags: Aqua Satellite
Earth (/topics/earth/index.html)
Earth (/topics/earth/index.html)
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 5/17
(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/aqua/index.html),Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Earth Research Findings(/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard Institutefor Space Studies (/subject/6071/giss), Goddard Space FlightCenter (/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Terra Satellite(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/terra/index.html),Water (/subject/3135/water)
Read Full Article
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April 14, 2016
Study Shows CloudPatterns Reveal Species
HabitatMuch of Earth’s biodiversity is concentrated in areaswhere not enough is known about species habitats and
their wider distributions, making management and
conservation a challenge. To address the problem,
scientists at the University at Buffalo and Yale University
used NASA satellite data to study cloud cover, which they
found can help identify the size and location of important
animal and plant habitats.
Tags: Aqua Satellite(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/aqua/index.html),Benefits to You (/topics/benefits/index.html), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Earth Research Findings(/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard SpaceFlight Center (/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Land(/subject/3133/land), Terra Satellite(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/terra/index.html)
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Earth (/topics/earth/index.html)
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 6/17
(/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/2015032713762.jpg.jpeg)
March 28, 2016
2016 Arctic Sea IceWintertime Extent HitsAnother Record Low
Arctic sea ice appears to have reached a record low
wintertime maximum extent for the second year in a row,according to scientists at the NASA-supported National
Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) and NASA.
Tags: Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Ice (/subject/3132/ice)
Read Full Article
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March 21, 2016
RELEASE 16-11
NASA Study Finds ClimateChange Shifting WineGrape Harvests in Franceand Switzerland
Earth (/topics/earth/index.html)
Climate (/subject/3127/climate)
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 7/17
A new study from NASA and Harvard University finds that
climate change is diminishing an important link between
droughts and the timing of wine grape harvests in France
and Switzerland.
Tags: Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Goddard Institute for SpaceStudies (/subject/6071/giss), Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html)
Read Full Article
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24_at_2.32.25_pm_1.png)
Feb. 24, 2016
Tropical Fires Fuel ElevatedOzone Levels OverWestern Pacific Ocean
A diverse team of atmospheric chemists, meteorologists
and modelers, including scientists from NASA, has traced
the origins of mysterious pockets of high ozone
concentrations and low water vapor in the air above the
western Pacific Ocean near Guam to fires burning in
Southeast Asia and in Africa, half a world away.
These pockets of ozone—a powerful greenhouse gas—
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), Climate(/subject/3127/climate), Earth (/topics/earth/index.html),Earth Research Findings (/subject/7782/earth-research-
findings), Fire and Smoke(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/fires/main/), GoddardSpace Flight Center (/centers/goddard/home/index.html),Ozone (/ozone)
Fire and Smoke (http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/fires/main/)
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/fires/main/http://www.nasa.gov/ozonehttp://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/fires/main/http://www.nasa.gov/subject/7782/earth-research-findingshttp://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3127/climatehttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3126/airhttp://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/screen_shot_2016-02-24_at_2.32.25_pm_1.pnghttp://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/6071/gisshttp://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3127/climatehttp://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/1_2.jpg
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 8/17
Read Full Article
Dec. 18, 2015
NASA Study: Examinationof Earth’s Recent HistoryKey to Predicting Global
TemperaturesEstimates of future global temperatures based on recent
observations must account for the differing
characteristics of each important driver of recent climate
change, according to a new NASA study published Dec.
14 in the journal Nature Climate Change.
To quantify climate change, researchers need to know
the Transient Climate Response (TCR) and Equilibrium
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), Climate(/subject/3127/climate), Earth (/topics/earth/index.html),Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html)
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Aug. 10, 2015
Nature, Chinese PollutionOffset U.S. West Ozone
Gains
Climate (/subject/3127/climate)
Earth (/topics/earth/index.html)
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 9/17
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), Climate(/subject/3127/climate), Earth (/topics/earth/index.html),Earth Research Findings (/subject/7782/earth-research-
findings), Jet Propulsion Laboratory(/centers/jpl/home/index.html)
Read Full Article
May 11, 2015
More Severe Weather inStore for Middle States inU.S.
(/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/airs-midwest-20150511.jpg)
Today's imagery from NASA's AIRS instrument on the
Aqua satellite indicates more severe weather is in store
for the Midwest from Texas to Michigan. There is another extremely strong storm that is stretching from south to
north and into Canada, and that system can be seen in
this AIRS image from May 11, 2015. The first image (left)
was taken at 3:35 am EDT, by the time the second image
(right) was taken at 2:41 pm EDT the system had come
together and was stretching across the nation vertically
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), Aqua Satellite(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/aqua/index.html),Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth
(/topics/earth/index.html), Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Hazards(/subject/3130/hazards), Land (/subject/3133/land)
Aqua Satellite
(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/aqua/index.html)
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
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Read Full Article
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March 25, 2015
RELEASE 15-017
Increased Rainfall inTropics Caused by MoreFrequent Big Storms
A new study based in part on NASA satellite data has
shown that an increase in large, well-organized
thunderstorms is behind increased rainfall in the wettest
regions of the tropics.
Many scientists have long thought that in a warming worldsome regions are likely to see more rain because a
warmer atmosphere is capable of holding more water
Tags: Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Earth Research Findings(/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard Institutefor Space Studies (/subject/6071/giss), Goddard Space FlightCenter (/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Hurricanes(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/main/index.ht
Read Full Article
Feb. 17, 2015
RELEASE 15-006 (Goddard)
NASA Science Leads New
Climate (/subject/3127/climate)
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 11/17
York City Climate Change2015 Report
Tags: Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Goddard Institute for SpaceStudies (/subject/6071/giss), Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Hazards(/subject/3130/hazards)
Read Full Article
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Feb. 12, 2015
RELEASE 15-020
NASA Study Finds Carbon
Emissions CouldDramatically Increase Riskof U.S. Megadroughts
NASA | Megadroughts Projected for A…
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), Climate
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/expanding-tropics-pushing-high-altitude-clouds-towards-poles 12/17
(/subject/3127/climate), Earth (/topics/earth/index.html),Earth Research Findings (/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard Institute for Space Studies(/subject/6071/giss), Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Hazards(/subject/3130/hazards), Water (/subject/3135/water)
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Feb. 10, 2015
NASA Study Shows Global
Sea Ice Diminishing,Despite Antarctic GainsSea ice increases in Antarctica do not make up for the
accelerated Arctic sea ice loss of the last decades, a new
NASA study finds. As a whole, the planet has been
shedding sea ice at an average annual rate of 13,500
square miles (35,000 square kilometers) since 1979, the
equivalent of losing an area of sea ice larger than the
state of Maryland every year.
Tags: Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Earth Research Findings(/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard SpaceFlight Center (/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Ice(/subject/3132/ice)
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Jan. 23, 2015
Ice (/subject/3132/ice)
http://www.nasa.gov/subject/3132/icehttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3132/icehttp://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/7782/earth-research-findingshttp://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3127/climatehttp://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/np_sss_201310.jpeghttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3135/waterhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3130/hazardshttp://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/6071/gisshttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/7782/earth-research-findingshttp://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3127/climate
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
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NASA Data Peers intoGreenland’s Ice SheetA three -dimensional view of the age and structure
of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Scientists using ice-penetrating radar data collected by
NASA’s Operation IceBridge and earlier airborne
campaigns have built the first-ever comprehensive map
of layers deep inside the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Tags: Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Earth Research Findings(/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard SpaceFlight Center (/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Ice(/subject/3132/ice), IceBridge
(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/icebridge/index.html)
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Jan. 16, 2015
RELEASE 15-010
NASA, NOAA Find 2014Warmest Year in ModernRecord
NASA | 2014 Warmest Year On Record
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), Climate
http://www.nasa.gov/subject/3127/climatehttp://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3127/climatehttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3126/airhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ilg75uJZZUhttp://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/15-010c.jpghttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/icebridge/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3132/icehttp://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/7782/earth-research-findingshttp://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/index.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/subject/3127/climatehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0VbPE0TOtQ
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
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(/subject/3127/climate), Earth (/topics/earth/index.html),Earth Research Findings (/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard Institute for Space Studies(/subject/6071/giss), Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html)
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Dec. 17, 2014
RELEASE 14-043
NASA Satellites MeasureIncrease of Sun’s EnergyAbsorbed in the Arctic
NASA satellite instruments have observed a markedincrease in solar radiation absorbed in the Arctic since
the year 2000 – a trend that aligns with the steady
decrease in Arctic sea ice during the same period.
While sea ice is mostly white and reflects the sun’s rays,
ocean water is dark and absorbs the sun’s energy at a
higher rate. A decline in the region’s albedo – its
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), Aqua Satellite
(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/aqua/index.html),Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Earth Research Findings(/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard SpaceFlight Center (/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Ice(/subject/3132/ice), Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbitingPartnership)(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NPP/main/index.html),Terra Satellite(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/terra/index.html)
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Climate (/subject/3127/climate)
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
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Dec. 8, 2014
NASA’s CATS: A Launch ofExceptional TeamworkThere aren’t enough people on NASA’s Cloud-Aerosol
Transport System (CATS) team to field both sides of a
football scrimmage, but there are enough to build and
test the Earth-observing instrument, bound for theInternational Space Station on Dec. 16.
Consisting of 19 people, including three high school
students, the CATS team designed and built a new cloud
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), CATS (Cloud-Aerosol TransportSystem) (/subject/6767/cats-cloudaerosol-transport-system), Climate (/subject/3127/climate), CommercialResupply(http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/launch/i
Earth (/topics/earth/index.html), Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html), International SpaceStation (ISS) (/mission_pages/station/main/index.html)
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Oct. 31, 2014
RELEASE 14-292
NASA Program EnhancesClimate Resilience at
Air (/subject/3126/air)
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
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Agency Facilities A new study in the latest issue of the Bulletin of the
American Meteorological Society provides an in-depth
look at how NASA facilities have been affected by climate
extremes and climate change in recent years and how the
agency is preparing for the future.
Using a blend of weather data, global and regionalclimate model outputs, and advances in the
understanding of the climate system, the study finds that
Tags: Benefits to You (/topics/benefits/index.html), Climate(/subject/3127/climate), Earth (/topics/earth/index.html),Earth Research Findings (/subject/7782/earth-research-findings), Goddard Institute for Space Studies(/subject/6071/giss), Goddard Space Flight Center(/centers/goddard/home/index.html)
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Sept. 8, 2014
New Remote-SensingInstrument to Blaze a Trailon the International SpaceStation
Tags: Air (/subject/3126/air), CATS (Cloud-Aerosol TransportSystem) (/subject/6767/cats-cloudaerosol-transport-system), Climate (/subject/3127/climate), Earth(/topics/earth/index.html), Goddard Space Flight Center
(/centers/goddard/home/index.html), Science Instruments(/topics/technology/science-instruments/index.html),Technology (/topics/technology/index.html)
Air (/subject/3126/air)
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8/5/2016 Expanding Tropics Push High Altitude Clouds Towards Poles | NASA
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Page Last Updated: May 5, 2016
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