Mircea Eliade - Nostalgia Originilor

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1 d l e i F 2 d l e i F A E C R I M  E D A I L E .  A I G L A T S O  N e i r o t s I R O L I  N I G I R O  i є a c i f i n m e s ю e i  n о e r e c u d a r T e i g i l e r e d  R A Z E C  G A T L A B R U C U B S A T I  N A M U H Є E , I T 4 9 9 1 A O I a t r e  p o C  N  A U C S E R I M O G A R D  A E C R I M E R A D R A M  E D A I L E  T S E U Q E H T n a y r o t s i H , o g a c i h C , s s e r P o g a c i h C f o y t i s r e v i n U e h t y  b d e s n e c i L n o i g i l e R n i g n i n a e M . d  , s i o n i l l I 9 6 9 1 © d e v r e s e r s t h g i r l l A . o g a c i h C f o y t i s r e v i n U e h T y  b © , s a t i n a m u H , 4 9 9 1 u r t n e  p  a t n e z e r  p  m o r e n u i s r e v в c s a e n  N B S I г 3 7 9 - 8 2 - 8 6 4 0 -8 A F E R P  Г Ю e t s E  l i  b a t e r g e r  u t  p a f  l c  г u n  n r e n u  p s i d  e d  t n i v u c n u  i a n r  s i c e r  p t i c e d  a l e c a  e d " e i g i l e r „  n i r  p  e r a c a s  u n m m i  n e i r e  p x e юa . i u l u r c a s  l u n e m r e T e r a о e i r o t s i  t a g n u l e d n i г, e d єi v t i c u r t n i  г t a t i m i l  n i d г t c n u  p  e d e r e d e v  . l a r u t l u c e  N  m e t u  p  a  b e r t n i  c a d  г e t a o  p  i f  l e t a c i l  p a  f гr  г e r a n i m i r c s i d  i u l u t n e i r O t a i  p o r  p A  , c i t n a , i u l u m s i a d u i  e r c є i u l u m s i n i t  i є i u l u m a l s i  u a s  , i u l u m s i u d n i h  i u l u m s i d u  b  i s u f n o c - , i u l u n r s i n a i c  m u c e r  p  i s r o l e r a o  p o  p  a s a - s i z . e v i t i m i r  p « r a D  e t a o  p e t s e a e r  p  u i z r i t  u s  m a t u a c  i f e t a o  p " e i g i l e r „ i s t n i v u c t l a a c n i  n u n e m r e t  l i t u  c u c a i t i d n o  e n a s m i t n i m a  u e r e m  a c i l  p m i u n l e a c e t n e m r a s e c e n  a t n i d e r c  r t n i - n u  , u e z e n m u D  n i  i e z  n i u a s , e t i r i  p s  i c  e s  a r e f e r  n i r  p i s i u l u r c a s a t n e i r e  p x e a l e r a m r u  e r a a r u t a g e l  u c e l i e d i  e d . . a t n i i f  i s s n e s  . r a v e d a r t n I - , r a v e d a  e t s e u e r g  e n a s m a n i g a m i  m u c a e t u  p r a  a n o i t c n u f  s  p u t i r i  l n a m u  a r a f  a e r e g n i v n o c  a c a v e c  l i  b i t c u d e r i  l a e r a t s i x e  n i , e m u l  a  p u d  e t s e m u c l i  b i s o  p m i  e n a s n r i u  p i h c n i  i f r a m u c a e r a  p a t u t u  p  a t n i i t s n o c  a a r a f i r e f n o c  s n e s n u i n u i s l u  p - r o l  i s r o l e t n e i r e  p x e  . i u l u m o  a t n i i t s n o C i e n u  e l a e r i m u l i s e v i t a c i f i n m e s  e t s e s n i r t s  a t a g e l  e d s e d - 6 / A E C R I M  E D A U E  \ a e r i r e  p o c  . i u l u r c a s  n i r P  a t n e i r e  p x e  , i u l u r c a s  i  p s - i u t i r i  c s e n e n r o  a s n i r  p r u s  a e r i  b e s o e d  e r t n i d  a e e c  ; e c  e s  a l e v e r a c  , l a e r , c i m e t u  p  t a g o  b  i s l f i n m e s - , v i t a c  i s  e c a e e c u n  a d e s o  p  e t s e c a  , i t a t i l a c  a c i d a  l u x u l f '  c i t o a h  i s s o i d  j e m i r  p  l a  , r o l i r u r c u l  e l i i t i r a  p a  i s e l i i t i r a  p s i d  r o l e r a o t a l  p n i i t n i  i s e t i s  p i l  e d  m A . s n e s t a t u c s i d  a c i t c e l a i d  i s a i g o l o f r o m  n i i u l u r c a s e l i r a r c u l  e l e n r  e r a o i r e t n a  e r a  p e s i m u n i s a s r a s e c e n  i a m  u a i e r  . a i t u c s i d  a M  c s e n i g r a m  a s  n u  p s  r a o d  a c " l u r c a s „  e t s e  n u  n i t n e m e l e a r u t c u r t s  i t s n o c - , i e t n i  n u u n u i d a t s  n i a i r o t s i  . i e t n i i t s n o c 0 a v i t a c i f i n m e s e m u l  - r a i  l u n r o  u n e t a o  p  i a r t  n i " s o a h „  - e t s e i u t a t l u z e r  i u n u  s e c o r  p  e t a o  p e r a c c i t c e l a i d t i m u n e d l f  t  p e r d  e r a t s e f i n a m c a s a . i u l u r a t a i V  a t a  p a c a n a m u  n i r  p s n e s a e r a t i m i  r o n u  e l e d o m  a r a  p - e c i t a m g i d  e t a l e v e r  e d e t n i l f  . e l a r u t a n a r  p u s  e l e d o m r o n u a e r a t i m I e n a m u s n a r t  e i u t i t s n o c  a n u  n i d e l e m i r  p  i c i t s i r e t c a r a c  e l a i i t e i v  , " e s a o i g i l e r „ о a c - a c i t s i r e t c a r a l a i t n e s e  , a l a r u t c u r t s  a t n e d n e  p e d n i  e d a r u t l u c  i s a c o  p e  e r a c n i . e r a  p a  a l e D e l e c  i a m e c i a h r a  e t n e m u c o d  e r a c e s a o i g i l e r e n  t n i s  i s e c c a - e l i  b  a n i  p  a l m s i n i t s e r c  i s , m a l s i  o i t a t i m i  i e d  a c a m r o n  i s e i n i l  e r a o t c e r i d  a i e t n e t s i x e  e n a m u  u n s-a t  p u r e r t n i  . a t a d o i c i n  e d , i s , t  p a f  i c i n  n-ar  t u t u  p i f i f . l e f t l a  a L e l i r u l e v i n  e c i a h r a i a m e l e c J a c i a r t a , a r u t l u c e d unt  t c a n u e n i s a l e d e t s e a n a m u a , s o i g i l e r  i c a c  , a n a r h  a t a i v a l a u x e s  i s a c n u m  e r a o l a v u a  . a l a t n e m a r c a s  l e f t l A , s u  p s i f a - , u a s  i a m , a  b a r g e d  a i n e v e d  - m o  a n m a e s n i „ l f a . " s o i g i l e r , l e f t s A  a i t c e l f e r  a c i f o z o l i f  a t s o f  a t a t n u r f n o c  n u  b a l e d t u  p e c n i  u c  о a e m u l i u l u s n e s  , c i t e n e g i s l a r u t c u r t s , a r e e r a c " a s a o i g i l e r „  - i s t s e c a  u r c u l  e t s e t a r a v e d a  a l l u d o m  n i r a o d u n i s , l a r e n e g a r u t a g e l  u c , " i i v i t i m i r  p „  i i l a t n e i r o  i s t a r c o s e r  p . i i c i  a i u l u r c a s a c i t c e l a i D t a d e c e r  p  a i s t i v r e s t  p e r d i a t a S e r P  /  7 j  l e d o m u r t n e  p  e t a o t  e l i r a c s i m  e c i t c e l a i d  e  p o c s e d -i  e t i r a  p u d  a e e c a  e d i u t i r i  p s  . n a m u  d n i l e v e R  l u s n e s , a t n i l f  i s l u r a v e d a  r t n i -o  e m u l , a t u c s o n u c e n  a c i t o a h  i s ' , e r a o t a t n i n e m a s a t n e i r e  p x e a i u l u r c a  t i z e t e n a e l a c  i i r i d n i g  a t s a e c A . e c i t a m e t s i s  r a  a e t u  p  e d i f s n u  j a  a s a c l u s e r e t n i a c s a e z e r t  r o l i f o z o i l f  a c n u m u r t n e  p r o l i c i r o t s i  i s e f - r o l i g o l o n e m o n  ; r o l i i g i l e r  a t s i x e  a s n i i s e t l a  e t c e  p s a  e l a i e t n e i r e  p x e  i a m u n e s a o i g i l e r n i t u  p  e r e t n i - . e t n a s  e l i i n a f o r e i H  - a c i d a e l i r a t s e f i n a m  i u l u r c a s e t a m i r  p x e  n i , i r u l o  b m i s  , i r u t i m . c t e e l a r u t a n a r  p u s e t n i l f - t n i s e t u  p e c r e  p  a c

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Transcript of Mircea Eliade - Nostalgia Originilor

  • 1dleiF 2dleiF AECRIM EDAILE . AIGLATSON

    eirotsI ROLINIGIRO i acifinmes ei n erecudarT eigiler ed RAZEC GATLABRUCUB SATINAMUH E ,IT 4991

    AOI atrepoC N A UCSERIMOGARD AECRIM ERADRAM EDAILE TSEUQ EHTna yrotsiH ,ogacihC ,sserP ogacihC fo ytisrevinU eht yb desneciL noigileR ni gninaeM .d

    ,sionillI 9691 devreser sthgir llA .ogacihC fo ytisrevinU ehT yb ,satinamuH ,4991 urtnep atnezerp mor enuisrev csaen NBSI 379 - 82 - 8640 - 8 AFERP etsE libaterger

    utpaf l c un nrenupsid ed tnivuc nu ianr sicerp ticed aleca ed "eigiler nirp erac as un m mi neirepxe a .iulurcas lunemreT era eirotsi tagnuledni , ed i vticurtni tatimil nid tcnup

    ed eredev .larutluc eN metup abertni cad etaop if le tacilpa fr eranimircsid iulutneirOtaiporpA ,citna ,iulumsiadui erc iulumsinit i iulumalsi uas ,iulumsiudnih iulumsidub is

    ufnoc - ,iulunrsinaic mucerp is roleraopop asa - siz .evitimirp raD etaop etse aerp uizrit us matuac if etaop "eigiler is tnivuc tla acni nu nemret litu c uc aitidno en as mitnima uerem

    acilpmi un le ac etnemrasecen atniderc rtni - nu ,uezenmuD ni iez ni uas ,etirips ic es arefer nirp is iulurcas atneirepxe al eramru era arutagel uc eliedi ed ..atniif is snes .raveda

    rtnI - ,raveda etse uerg en as manigami muc aetup ra anoitcnuf sp utiri l namu araf aeregnivnoc ac avec libitcuderi laer atsixe ni ,emul apud etse muc libisopmi en as

    nriupihcni if ra muc aerapa tutup atniitsnoc a araf irefnoc snes nu inuislup - rol is roletneirepxe .iulumo atniitsnoC ienu elaer imul is evitacifinmes etse snirts atagel ed sed -

    6 / AECRIM EDAUE \ aerirepoc .iulurcas nirP atneirepxe ,iulurcas ips - iutir i csenenro a snirprus aeribesoed ertnid aeec ; ec es alever ac ,laer ,cimetup tagob is lfinmes - ,vitac is ec aeec un adesop etseca ,itatilac acida luxulf ' citoah is soidjemirp la ,rolirurcul eliitirapa

    is eliitirapsid rol eraotalpniitni is etispil ed mA .snes tatucsid acitcelaid is aigolofrom ni iulurcas elirarcul elenr eraoiretna erap es im un is as rasecen iam uaier .aitucsid aM

    csenigram as nups raod ac "lurcas etse nu ni tnemele arutcurts itsnoc - ,ietni nu un uidats ni airotsi .ietniitsnoc 0 avitacifinmes emul - rai lunro un etaop iart ni "soah - etse

    iutatluzer iunu secorp etaop erac citcelaid timuned lf tperd eratsefinam cas a .iulur ataiV atapac anamu nirp snes aeratimi ronu eledom arap - ecitamgid etalever ed etnilf .elarutanarpus eledom ronu aeratimI enamusnart eiutitsnoc anu nid elemirp icitsiretcarac

    ela iiteiv ,"esaoigiler ac - acitsiretcar alaitnese ,alarutcurts atnednepedni ed arutluc is acope erac ni .erapa al eD elec iam eciahra etnemucod erac esaoigiler en tnis isecca - elib

    anip al msinitserc is ,malsi oitatimi ied ac amron is einil eraotcerid a ietnetsixe enamu un s-a tpurertni .atadoicin ed ,is ,tpaf icin n-ar tutup if if .leftla aL elirulevin eciahra iam elec

    J ac iart a ,arutluc ed unt tca nu enis al ed etse anamu a ,soigiler icac ,anarh ataiv alauxes is acnum eraolav ua .alatnemarcas leftlA ,sups if a - ,uas iam ,abarged a ineved - mo

    anmaesni lf a ."soigiler ,leftsA aitcelfer acifozolif a tsof atatnurfnoc nub al ed tupecni uc a emul iulusnes ,citeneg is larutcurts ,are erac "asaoigiler - is tseca urcul etse taraveda

    al ludom ni raod un is ,lareneg arutagel uc ,"iivitimirp iilatneiro is tarcoserp .iici a iulurcas acitcelaiD tadecerp a is tivres tperd i ataSerP / 7 j ledom urtnep etaot

    eliracsim ecitcelaid epocsed -i etir apud aeeca ed iutirips .namu dnileveR lusnes ,atnilf is luraveda rtni -o emul ,atucsonucen acitoah is ' ,eraotatninema s atneirepxe a iulurca tizeten

    aelac iiridnig atsaecA .ecitametsis ra aetup ed if snuja as ac luseretni acsaezert rolifozoilf acnum urtnep rolicirotsi is ef - roligolonemon ;roliigiler atsixe asni is etla etcepsa ela

    ietneirepxe iam un esaoigiler nitup eretni - .etnas eliinaforeiH - acida eliratsefinam iulurcas etamirpxe ni ,irulobmis ,irutim .cte elarutanarpus etnilf - tnis etupecrep ac

  • irutcurts nu eiutitsnoc is jabmil vixelfererp dnirec emreh - acituen .alaiceps enib iam eD nu ed trefs ed iicirotsi ,loces is onemonef iigol roliigiler acraecni as ezerobale aenemesa

    .acituenemreh ed pit tsecA sremed era un cimin ed -a uc ecaf ativitca - aet iulurotatecrec ed ,itatihcitna ised etaop le azilitu etnemucod dninevorp al ed irutluc tlum ed eturapsid ed is

    al iinte etraof .etatrapedni eR - dnigruc al acituenemreh ,ataveeda roliigiler airotsi azaetecni nu if a ed uezum ed ,elisof eniur ed is aiubarim etihcevni aeec ineved a urtnep

    if ra ec tiubert urtnep eif as eciro :rotatecrec eires ed "ejasem dnitpetsa eif as tarficsed e is .eseletni etse un "ejasem aenemesa urtnep luseretni visulcxe .cirotsi elE un

    ianrun en ac erpsed "csebrov nu tucert a erac tirum ,tlumed ic en arepocsed iitautis elaitnetsixe elatnemadnuf tcerid tnis erac etnaveler urtnep lunro .nredom asA muc apud

    ma tainilbus rtni - lunu nid ietseca elelotipac ,itrac nid iutrofe cituenemreh ed icsed - erarf a ieitaclfinmes ,rolirutim rolirulobmis a is rotla esaoigiler irutcurts elanoitidart atluzer

    8 1 / AECRIM EDAUE - { alibaredisnoc eritagobmi a :ietniitsnoc rtni - nu timuna f snes es etaop raihc ibrov ed rofsnart - ) eram araoiretni a iulurotatecrec ,is as ,mareps 1 raihc

    a is iulurotitic sarta ed iutceibus ni sid - .' .eituc aeeC ec es etsenrun eigolonemonef is eirotsi \ a roliigiler etaop if taredisnoc ac dnicaf etrap nid leca ramun snirtser ed

    enilpicsid etsinamu erac tnis atadotot icinhet elautirips is rtni .ecituedeporp -o etateicos ni aunitnoc etseca ,erazilarcased iiduts rov ineved libaborp is iam .etnaveler atuzaV i rtnid -o

    avitcepsrep oedui - ,anitserc aluces - aerazir ' ,if etaop e le nitup ,etrap ni tiserg retni - .ataterp aE if etaop ,ataredisnoc ed ,adlip noc - eraunit a iulusecorp ed ,erazigolotimed

    eraunitnoc ae atuzav if etaop erac isasni ac erignulerp eizrit a ieinadarts roliteforp a ed ilog ed cas ur soC - lusonr is ataiv .acimsoc raD tseca tcepsa arepoca un lugertni .raveda ni

    elitateicos elec iam etazilarcased is ertnirp eliracsim rolirenit iam elec etsalconoci mucerp( aeracsim ,)adlip ed ,"eippih metup nu ed ramun enemonef tnerapa en -

    esaoigiler metup erac ni arficsed irazirolav ion is elanigiro ela iulurcas - ,ised metnis ed ,droca ele tnis un elibicsongocer rtnid erata ac - oedui avitcepsrep o - uN .anitserc am refer

    al "aetatizoigiler erac erapa ac atnedive ni esaoremun iracsim tllop eci is ,elaicos muc ra aeracsim if urtnep irutperd eliitatsefinam ,elivic eciniobzaritna iam iS .cte inmes - evitaclf

    acni tnis elirutcurts is elirolav )etneitsnocni acni( esaoigiler ela ietra ,emedom ela rotimuna emilf etnatropmi eram ed is upop - ,etatiral ela ronu enemonef udnitropar - es al

    arutluc laiceps ni ,rolirenit aeragitsicer nemid - rolinuis ela esaoigiler ienu etnetsixe enamu somsoC ni " , ecitnetua is evitacifinmes epocseder( - 1 . ataferP ' / 9 aerir ,iirutaN

    iruvarom elauxes ,etabihnien ca -1 iutnec sup ep aeriart ,"iulutnezerp aerarebile ed , "etceiorp is iitibma .).cte elaicos :) aetatirojaM rotseca irarepucer iulurcas ela er -i

    csetnima ed pit nu eigiler acimsoc turapsid lufmuirt apud iulumsinitserc iam a erac is tiuteivarpus ; ianrun al iinarat .ineporue aerirepocsedeR arcas - iitatil iiteiV is iirutaN un

    anmaesni dom ni rasecen erecraotni al "msinigap uas ."eirtalodi > iseD aigiler a acimsoc rolinarat nid dus - ieporuE iutse etaop aerapa ac amrof ni msinigap ed iihco

    iunu .natirup un ae e p i-i n atsaeca nitup iam eihgrutil acimsoc ."anitserc nU secorprotanamesa s-a tarusafsed ni lumsiadui .laveidem eitarG iam uc amaes ienu iitidart

    alabbaC ni etaroprocni , etatilarcas ec ,"acimsoc aerap if as tsof libaidemeri atudreip ni amru ,ecinibar iemrofer tsof a atarepucer uc .seccus etsecA icramer un azaenoitnetni as

    luretcarac ezertsnomed otpirc - nitserc la aronu ertnid iam elec etnecer iiserpxe arutluc nid ec aeeC .rolirenit uaerv as zeinilbus etse rtni ac - o adaoirep ed asaoigiler azirc top es un

    apicitna eliitulos eraotaerc - is nirp eramru uerg elibicsongocer - ad rov es erac ietseca .ezirc top es un ,sulp ni eliiserpxe ecizerp erac ep i etaop e aul atneirepxe laitnetop auon

  • .iulurcas a lunrO etse un "latot atadoicin telpmoc ,tazilarcased is meva elevitom etaot as en mlodni ac raihc erazilarcased alatot etse .alibisop aeraziraluceS azaetruper al seccus

    lulevin iiteiv :etneitsnoc elihcev ,ecigoloet iedi ,elemgod ,eletniderc ,elirulautir utitsni -eliit tnis .cte etadiv tatpert ed .eitacifinmes raD icin nu mo etaop un lamron lf suder al

    aetativitca as ,atneitsnoc ,alanoitar icac lumo nredom noc -- -1 01 / AECRIM aunit EDAUE as ,ezesiv as es ,acsaetsogardni as ,acizum etlucsa as

    agraem al ,urtaet as adav ,emilf as acsaetic - ep ,trucs le un etseiart ianrun rtni - emul o acirotsi is ,alarutan ic rtni is - o ,alaitnetsixe emul atavirp is rtni - nu srevinu .ranigami

    lucirotsI is lugolonemonef roliigller etse e le tamehc iitnid as acsaonucer as is ezerficsed elirutcurts is eliitacifinmes r "esaoigile ela rotseca elanosrep imul uas irusrevinu

    rA .eranigami lf lituni as mauler ni atsaeca ataferp ra - eletnemug erac ep i e matlovzed ni lusnirpuc .iitrac ,trucs eP mov enups raod ac luseretni r'oliigiler iezilana eciahra is

    ecitoxe es un azaetimil al aitacifinnres .acirotsi rol ,lufozoliF lugoloet is lucitirc raretil ni ,top alage ,arusam atiforp ed ep amru iirirepocsed rotseca imui ed ,eitacifinmes imul

    ,etatiu uar etaterpretni uas .etajilgen niD tseca ,vitom ma tacrecni as tnizerp as is tucsidod etnemuc dninitrapa ronu iigiler iam nitup af - .erailim esergorP etnatropmi ua tuva col

    ni tnecer aeregeletni rolec iert iigiler ,etsietonom a sidub - iulum is raihc a roliifozolif ela esaoigiler etluM .ieidnI irarcul etucsonucenib erac etseca azaedroba emet uats izatsa

    animedni.al eliruesE .taseretni iulurotitic etanuda ua un etrac atsaeca ni tsof se esn urtnep ,"itsilaiceps ic urtnep lurotitic ni - tnegilet anub ed is ,atniderc urtnep .emmoh etennoh eD

    ,aeeca ma un tatize as zetic .etucsonuc elpmexe uas e up le nit ,elibisecca iulucirotsi,roliigiler iulugoloportna uas ,iulutsilatneiro rad erac tnis libaborp etucsonucen iulurotitic

    epsen - .tsilaic repS isutot nid ac aeratnurfnoc iulumo nredom latnedicco uc ed imul eitaclfinmes nitup iam uas etucsonucen erailimaf s e av etsan erP af at 11 1

    ma aetup imun nu uon ."msinamu etsecA ,iruese al lef is ac elirarcul elem etna - ,eraoir isi nuporp as ezeinilbus aitcnuf alarutluc erac ep airotsi roliigiler etaop aeva rtni - o

    etateicos :atazilarcased ele atuac ed aenemesa as etlovzed ucituenemreh acitametsis a iulurcas a is roliratsefinam elas aetatirojaM .ecirotsi roliruese ua etrac atsaeca nid turapa

    esrevid ni ,iitacilbup dnilf iam iopa ceroc - etat is .etatlovzed tniS tictref as cuda trimutlumrolitsof iem ,itneduts ld yrraH ,nitraP a erac sudart nid azecnarf tpecnoc mirp nu la ipac -iululot ,3 iuid derflA ,letiebetliH a erac tatceroc is tazilits elelotipac 7,5 is ,8 mucerp is

    di namroN iu .todrariG AECRIM EDAILE 1 nU nI adifop .rolelaunanr roliif p ed erac nupsid a ec ;ats iam uerg as et iit 1

    etartsigerni ni etaot rod .roli ' niD tseca vitom tse as iived cirotsi la uc ioliigiler terger ac es ni itis tsilaiceps ni ianrun rtni - rtni o -o arugnis adaoirep la ralucitrap ieleca .iigiler

    atsaecA eitautis en - auon a atsiver *. lupocS a ed ;on enup al lulotipaC cnimedni ed ataf atnizerper iunu v locitra talutitni laitinI H ,"msinamuH tacilbup urtnep noigileR s. 1

    1 :)1691( - 691 .8 1 ' eceraoeD J snessivlsnoigileR atla ,abmil en medev itilis eirotsi s a "rolligiler i al snes n airotsi uirporp - .asiz ic is mucerp its is aigolofrom is emonef * etsE

    abrov yrotsiH ed Jo R lan < f acirotsiH evitarapmoC ro ,edailE l hpesoJ .M awagatiK s ,)sserP ogacihC fo ytisrevinU( 1 ' 1 rolecidoirep msinamu is argoilbib - iza

    .iitnavas al ni ec nid etse tneruc uc eliinemi elesergorp airotsi ed igiler - ets ec ni ec nid iam licifid .ro iutnavaS isi ad aitauti anraes es a ed amrofsnart arugnis ,eigiler ab i raihc

    uas nu rugnis tcepsa .i . tanimreted as matide urtso n-a tsof raod ~ aleca ai rolitsilaiceps acni nu enuisrev atuzaver s i atigoada weN a dna snoigileR fo yrotsiH a u anrirp arao ni

    fo yrotsiH 16 nU eht yb i .ogacihC fo ytisrev - tfahcsl etse uerg ed sudart as ni

  • matniubertni lunemret ed ,gral dnizulcnI le ni un ianrun luiduts tarapmoc la .roliiglleraigolonel lanoitanretnI na :snoigileR .rol ruoJ - la tS u seid tatide( :ed aecriM .H selrahC is

    ogacihC ,)gnoL 1691 .s .mru ).t.N( 41 / AECRIM EDAILE cidoirep ised( aspil iunu aenemesa ni cidoirep eletatS are etinU

    nu tnemugra neicifus t ,)atsaeca urtnep ic iam sela aleca ed a irefo nu coijim eratneiro ed rtni - nu uinemod erac es atlovzed noc - uunit a ed is alumits elirubmihcs ed irerap ertni

    ,itsilaiceps ed ,erac ,iecibo un cseramru ergorp - eles etartsigerni ni etla atsaecA .enilpicsid is eratneiro etseca irubmihcs ed iredev rov ,mareps ,ineved elibisop eitarg ienu irecert ni

    a atsiver rolec iam etnecer dnivirpesergorp etimuna orp - emelb - eiehc nid airotsi ,roliigiler mucerp eitarg is roliitucsid ed nidro cigolodotem s i roliracrecni a ed itatanubmi

    acituenemreh roletad acituenemreH .esaoigiler apuco nu col tnerednoperp ni eliratecrec ertsaon ,eceraoed pihc ni ,libativeni etse ae iutcepsa e iam le nitup tatlovzed la ienilpicsid

    .ertsaon ,itapucoerP is aeseda ed -a iutperd oc - ,itiselp ed ,aeregeluc aeracilbup is aerazilana ,esaoigiler roletad acnum araf alaiodni is atnegru is ,alibasnepsidni iitnavas ua

    tajilgen iroeseda i as e ezeiduts .aitacifinmes etad etseca ,rO aiserpxe tnis ronu etneirepxe amitlu ni :esrevid esaoigiler ,azilana ele atnizerper iitizop is etamusa iitautis ed mo ni

    lusruced ieirotsi eiF .elas ac - i ecalp uas ,un lucirotsi roliigiler un is -a tivarpsi arepo apud ec a tiutitsnocer ienu airotsi emrof uas esaoigiler i-a tanimreted iutxetnoc ,cigoloicos

    s cimonoce .citilop ua eP agnil etaot ,aetseca le eiubert as -i agaeletni aitacifinmes - leftla as sups -i ecifitnedi as is - i ezedicule eliitautis is eliitizop erac i- ua tucaf alibisop aitirapa

    uas lufmuirt rtni - tnemom nu emuna .elas ieirotsi la raoD ni arusam erac ni isi av inilpedni atsaeca enuisim - sela iam dnicat alibisecca urtnep lunro aitacifinmes nredom

    roletnemucod esaoigiler - nU msinamu / 51 atniits av isi roliigiler ecud al tapac ataraveda erinem ie .alarutluc .eceraoeD eraciro ra if tsof lulor ni uas .tucert

    luiduts vitarapmoc etse roliigiler la tinem ni lurotiiv taiporpa isi as emusa nu lor ed amirp .atnatropmi asA ma muc sups -o iam ni etluni .iizaco iutnemom urtson cirotsi en agilbo al iratnurfnoc erac ep icin un i e maetup anigami racam muca cezicnic i ed .ina ed eP .etrap

    eleraopop ieisA is - ua tnecer tucaf aerartnier ni .eirolsi ed ep .atla eleraopop asa - six .. isi "evitimirp csetagcrp al aitirapa iutnoxiro iiram "iirotsi ele .sups leftla( cseiuzan as

    anived etceibus itca v elpmis un is ieirotsi ela e etcciho .evisap tsof ua muc anip .)muca raD acad d eleraopop m tnis iam un tnediccO elerugnis eraopop erac "caf elirolav .eirotsi rol elautirips is elarutluc iam rov es un arucub ed lucol .taigelivirp ac un as nrenups ed

    tirotua aeta alibatsetnocni erac ed uaicifeneb muca avetic .iitareneg etsecA irolav tnis muca etarapmoc .etazilana etacedujis ed en - .ilatnedicco aL ludnir .rol iilatnedicco tnis

    iam ec ni ec nid isiced as .ezeiduts as ezezilana agaeletni as is elitatilautirips isA ela is ieiinrul .eciahra etsecA irirepocsed is etcatnoc eiubert esnitxe al lulevin ac raD .golaid iunu eif as citnetua is .cindor tseca es as eiubert un golaid ezetimil nu al jabmil is ciripme

    ilitu - .tsirat iutaravedA as eiubert golaid abia ni eredev olav elir elartnec ela rolirutluc .rolitnapicitrap ral a urtnep egeletni tceroc as eiubert irolav etseca igeletni elesrus rol

    es enib muc ,eceraoed ,esaoigiler ,eits elirutluc ,eneporuenon tita elec tic elatneiro elec is evitimirp , tnis etirtun acni los nu ed soigiler tibesoed ed atal .litref ec ed mitocos ac

    etse roliigiler airotsi atinem as ecaoj ni tnatropmi lor nu ataiv luc - 61 / AECRIM alarut EDAUE .anaropmetnoc iS atsaeca un ianrun nep - urt ac aeregeletni

    roliigiler ecitoxe is eciahra anoislupmi av pihc ni vitacifinmes lugolaid larutluc uc litnatnezerper rotseca ,iigiler ic iam sela urtnep ,ac udniudarts - es as agaeletni eliitautis

    itnetsixe - ela etamirpxe ed eletnemucod ep erac i e lucirotsi ,azaiduts ler i edecca av roliig

  • al eretsaonuc iam adnuforp a iulumo ep is ailemet ietseca saonuc - iret es av aetup ,atlovzed al aracs ,alaidnom uon nu .nrsinanru eN metup raihc abertni airotsi acad roliigiler un - is etaop ecuda eitubirtnoc ed amirp atnatropmi al aeramrof :aiutseca ,icac

    ed ep ,etrap luiduts cirotsi is vitarapmoc la roliigiler azaesitarbmi etaot elemrof elarutluc anip etucsonuc ,muca tita ela rolirutluc ecigolonte tic ela is aroleca erac ua tacuj

    nu lor ni rojam ,eirotsi ed ep ,is atla ,etrap nirp aereiduts roliiserpxe esaoigiler ela ienu ,irutluc tnavas iu azaedroba un is roiretni nid raod nirp iutxetnoc uas ,cigoloicos

    cimonoce uas citilop , ni umitlu ,azilana roliigiler lucirotsI etse tamehc as ezedicule nu eram ramun ed utis - iita erailimafen is ,latnedicco iulumo iulumsilaicnivorp aerisaped

    d larutluc ve i en alibisop ianrcot rotseca aeregeletni nirp iitautis ."ecitoxe ,erailimafen raD tseca tpaf am acilpmi i tlum ticed erigral alpmis a ,iulutnoziro eretserc ,avitatitnac

    ats - ,acit a iiretsaonuc ed "iulumo ertac .ion sela iam etsE abrov ed iutpaf ac aerinlitni uc "iitla - uc etnilf enamu dninitrapa ronu irupit ed itateicos ahra i ecitoxe is ec etibesoed -

    etse atnalumits is asaojatnava nid tcnup ed eredev ,larutluc atneirepxe rai alanosrep a ietseca icituenemreh ecinu etse tibesoed ed eraotaerc ,izev( iam ,soj .p .)201 etse uN

    libisopmi ac elirirepocsed is i "elirinlitm .uon nU msinamu / 71 etiujelirp ed lusergorp ieirotsi as roliigiler inuisucreper abia elibarapmoc uc aeleca ela irirepocsed rotimuna nid iutucert iirutluc .elatnedicco ed ,eredev ni mA ,adlip aerirepocsed roletra is ecitoxe

    a erac ,evitimirp tad nu uiv .slupmi iicitetse am ,eredev ni mA .elatnedicco i ,sela aerirepocsed iulutneitsnocni ni ,azilanahisp a erac sihcsed evitcepsrep ion iiregeletni

    ertsaon arpusa ni .iulumo elebma ,iruzac poed ,avirto a tuva col erinlitni uc ,"luniarts uc ,iutucsonucen uc aeec ec etaop un if suder al eliirogetac etucsonuc - ep ,trucs

    uc erinlitni al lut ".2 ,rugiseD uc erinlitni atsaeca "iutla etse un atispil .elocirep ed alaitini atnetsizeR ataf ed eliracsim ecitsitra emedom is ataf ed aigolohisp rolirucnida

    nu etse ulpmexe noc - .tnedulc al ,icaC amru ,iemru ietnetsixe aeretsaonucer "arotla pihc ni enis uc ecuda libativeni "aerazivitaler raihc uas aeregurtsid larutluc iulutnoziro

    .laicifo usrevinU l citetse latnedicco n- a iam tsof isaleca apud aeratpecca is aeralimisaietra etsibuc is .etsilaerarpus toT ,leftsa "aemul erac ni aiart lunro citilanaerp a tuzac ni

    uteused - enid elirirepocsed apud iul dnumgiS raD .duerF etseca "iregurtsid sihcsed ua ion lac iuluineg la rotaerc .iulutnediccO etaoT aetseca raod top aregus elitatilibisop araf

    etimil erac s- ua ataf ni sihcsed rolicirotsi ,roliigiler "elirinlitni ua erac uc tiubert es as noc - etnurf iitautis agaeletni as ac etirefid ed elec ep erac i e .uaetsonuc etsE uerg ed

    tuzerc ac xe - etneirep ed tita "iinarts mucerp ela aeleca ' a ottO floduR sircsed lurcas ac F dnu sad znag iseD .eredna dniva nalp ni col ,soigilernon elirinatm uc nu uc ,"iutla iutot

    esudni ed is rolirucnida aigolohisp ed e eletnemirepx top ,ecitsitra lf etOocos etneirepxe .esaoigilerarap

    81 / AECRIM LE IAD E iulurotamy citiloelap uas elec ela tsidub iuluragulac un rov aeva icin erannu arpusa elarutluc iiteiv a iulunro .nredom ,rugiseD "irinlitni.. aenemesa rov ineved eraotaerc nid tcnup eredev ed larutluc ianrun icnuta dnic iutnavas av tisaped ii

    luidats ierup iitidure - leftla ,sups .dnic apud ec av if .tanuda sed tre is s tacifisalc ucod -cietneni erac ed .enupsid is ecaf av le iutrofe a ed i e egeletni ni lunalp ed atniretcr erac i e

    ..imporp etse tsecA urcul n i l acilpini ni icin nu pihc ereicerped a :ieitidure .rad l a amru - ,iemri aitidure arugnis un etaop d ii ec anip al anicras tapac iulucirotsi .roliigiler asa nrue

    ienailati aeretsaonuc iululoces la lllX - ael a is enitiierolf iirutluc a .iicope luiduts ieifozollI is .elaveide^n ieigoloet mucerp is aerazirailimaf uc ataiv iul un etnaD tnis etneicifus ac as in es aeraolav eiulavzed acitsitra a ienu erepo ac .aidemmoC aniviD aetsecA tnis emsiurt

  • .dnof ni ep erac inatize as i e iam .mateper ,isutoT un mov atad^cicin inetso as nrenups ac acnum un roliigiler iulucirotsi e atanimret a le dnic icnuta tisuer as eiutitsnocer

    aetatiunitnoc acigolonorc ienu a iigiler dnic uas i-a tajaged iutxetnoc cimonoce ,laicos tilop uas aC .ci eciro nemonef lunemonef .namu soigiler etse tibesoed .xelpmoc ed urtneP

    a-i azises etaot eletnelav is ,eliitacifinmes le eiubert tadroba iam nid etlum iruihgnu oed - .atad etsE libaterger iutpaf ac lucirotsi a un roliigiler tatiforp snujaedni amru ep ed

    ietneirepxe eloc - rolig ias icirotsi is icittrc .iraretil elesergorP ilaer - etaz ni etseca enilpicsid i- ra if tad aetatilibisop as etive irore .eticirefen urcul nu etsE tucsonucer nU

    msinamu / 91 ed ataot aemul izatsa utpaf i ac ertni lusremed iulucirotsi ,raretil la iulugoloicos ,iirutaretil la iulucitirc is iulunaicitetse atsixe etatiunitnoc is .etatiradilos aS

    nu mad rugnis :ulpmexe acad if etaop cazlaB iul arepo uc uerg asaeletni araf atadnuforpa eretsaonuc a iitateicos is ezecnarf ieirotsi la iululoces a XIX - ael ni( lusnes

    e iam le gral la :iulutnivuc airotsi ,acitilop ,alaicos ,acimonoce alarutluc is ,)asaoigiler un iam etse taraveda nitup ac aidemoC mucerp arepo anamu if etaop un asuder al

    aenuisnemid iunu ulpmis nemucod t .cirotsi aE is lanoitpecxe sni iunu arepo etse atseca etse luvitom is ataiv erac urtnep aigolohisp eiubert cazlaB iul .etucsonuc raD aerazilaer

    ietseca ecitnagig ervueo erec es ataiduts ed .enis ni is adlip atpul iulutsitra uc lujabmil airotciv uas irips iulut arpusa rotaerc roletad etaidemi lucirotsi ec apuD .ietneirepxe ela

    raretil is - tanimret a ,lulor agaertni ed acnum azaemru azegexe if a ,atautcefe is atsaeca etse lE .raretil iulucitirc anicras ni edac aleca erac azaedroba arepo araretil nu ep ac

    srevinu ,monotua eligel dniva is elirutcurts elas .iirporp ,iS e ni nitup le luzac ,roliteop icin aerarcul un raretil iulucitirc azaeziupe ,iutceibus icac a ed anicras irepocsed is

    acilpxe elirolav iulusrevinu iam edac citeop ed - eirap anicras ni utsilaiceps iul ni acitsilits etaop es raD .iulunaicitetse a is enups erpsed a ac araretil arepo tsof "atacilpxe al anip

    ec apud is tapac isusni lunaicitetse is - sups a lunritlu ?tnivuc atsixE anuaedtotni nu jasenr ciniat arepo ni roliram ,irotiircs jasem erac aiba lunalp ni olif - ieifoz aeva etaop asnas a ed

    if repS .tazises ac iov if tatrei etseca urtnep avetic dnivirp icramer acituenemreh rolerepo .eraretil elE .tnis i

    02 / AECRIM araf EDAILE .alaiodni pmocni l ete ^ , rad ,etneicifus erps ,derc a artsnonred ac aieca erac azaiduts eraretil elerepo tnis ep nilped itneitsnoc ed

    aetatixelpmoc - - .is rol uc avetic ,iitpecxe ie un acraecni as i e "ecilpxe.. udnicuder - el al enigiro uas :atla msitamuart nu .litnafni raludnalg tnedicca nu , eitautis o. ,acimonoce alaicos iro acitilop anub uC .cte atniits ma tatic icia aitautis roliitaerc sitra - .ecit .icaC

    rtnid - nu tinruna tcnup ed lusrevinu .eredev citetse etaop if tarapmoc uc .ieigiler lusrevinu ni elebma iruzae nreva uc ecaf a ed etneirepxe elaudiwdni atneirepxe( acitetse a iuluteop

    a is iulJnotitic ed ep ,uas .etrap atneirepxe ,asaoigiler uc is )atla ed ep itatilaerelanosrepsnart ( erarcul ed atra rtni - nu .uezum .meop nu :einofmis arugiF .anMD

    nu .lautir nu tinr .).cte rugiseD es etaop atucsid al ec tisrifsen eitacifinmes if etaop atiubirta rotseca itatilaer eciLsitra is .esaoigiler nU rugnis ,urcul e le .nitup erap asni

    is ac .atra ed elerepo :tnedive eletad ."esaoigiler ua erac if a ed dom nu i e etse :uirporpele atsixe porp ni u.n ed nalp rol l .atnirefer u ni .ralucitrap rol lusrevin iutpaF lusrevinu ac

    atseca lusrevinu etse un cizif la ietneirepxe emi - etaid acilpmi un aetatilaernon .as atsaeca amelborP tsof^s tneicifus atatucsid as ac en asnepsid metup ed atucsider .icia

    moV aguada arugnis :eitavresbo atra ed arepo un - is ^ eiulavzed etsE ,rasecen ed ,inemesa as ,maredisnoc ed elinidutisiciv ,ulpmexe ierepo ni atniitsnoc uas raihc ni

    neitsnocbus - "lut .iulucilbup ,aitalucriC aeralimisa is aeraulave ienu erepo eraretil acidir

  • emelborp erac ep icin csid anilpi un i etaop e avlozer .arugnis ,lugoloicoS rad is ,lucirotsi iutsilaroip is lugolohisp top en erac aieca tnis atuja as megeletni iul luseccus

    rehtreW is luseccusni iul utpaf uas ,hselF llA fo yaW ehT i ac arepo tita ed alicifid ac a sessylU tineved p aralupo ni iam ed nitup icezauod ed ,ina ni pmit ec atilineS is

    id azneicsoC oneZ tnis acni etucsonucen .d.m.a.s nU msinamu / 12 aitacifinmes ticed ni arusam etse erac ni atuzav ac eitaerc ,amonotua leftla sups erac ni arusam ni

    matpecca ludom a ed uas lf - eca i la a ieitaerc ecitsitra - un is nrecuder al lunu nid eletnemele ni( evitutitsnoc elas luzac iunu :meop ,urbmit ,ralubacov arutcurts acitsivgnil

    .cte ,) nid lunu al uas elirupocs elas eraoiretlu nreop( erac atropmoc nu jasem uas ,citilop etaop erac tperd ivres tnemucod ,cigoloicos cifargonte nI .)cte isaleca ,dom in ac erap es

    nu tad soigiler azaelever isi as aitacifinmes adnuforp raod dnic icnuta etse taredisnoc ni lunalp ed uas atnirefer etse dnic un is suder uas lunu al iutla nid xetnoc - elet uas eletcepsa

    elas .eradnuces :ulpmexe rugnis nu mad aS enitup enemonef is tcerid iam tnis esaoigiler am i ve i ed etagel tned oicos elirarujerpmi - ecitilop ac eliracsim ecinaisem is anelim -i- etsi

    emedom ela roleraopop elainoloc rac( - og - stluc ).cte . ,isutoT aeracifitnedi is aerazilanaroliitidnoc ua erac titagerp ua is tucaf etseca elibisop iracsim tnis ecinaisem iamun

    nid etrap acnum iuluctrotsi .roliigiler tnis iracsim etseca icaC avirtopoed iitaerc ela iulutirips ,csenemo ni lusnes ed ua ele ac tinev aeec tnis ec - raod un is ,esaoigiler iracsim

    elpmis irutseg ed atlover tsetorp is - rtnirp - nu eP .iulutirips la rotaerc tca ,trucs nu nemonef soigiler mucerp vitimirp lumsinaisem eiubert taiduts asa etse muc ataiduts

    aniviD ,aidemmoC acida dnizilitu etaot urtsni - eletnem ieitidure en as ac ,un is( nrecraotnier ec aeec al nresesups erpsed raod ,etnaD ubacov - ,lural axatnis is rup ,uas

    ,ulpmis eliedi ecigoloet is ecitilop ela iulurotua icaC .)cte acad airotsi etse roliigileratinem es as ecidir al lugnar iunu uon etse ,msinamu anicras iulucirotsi as roliigiler

    22 / AECRIM ezejaged EDAUE aeraolav amonotua - aeraolav ed alautirips eitaerc - a rorutut rotseca iracsim esaoigiler A .evitimirp i al ecuder e iutxetnoc oicos - citilop

    .anmaesni amitlu ni ,atnatsni etimda a ac ele tnis un tneicifus ,"etavele ed tneicifus ed ,"elibon ac as eif etatart tperd iitaerc ela iuluineg mucerp namu aniviD .aidemmoC uas

    eleca itteroiF ela iulutnifs csicnarF o eN metup atpetsa ,ac rtni - rotiiv nu .taiporpa iilautceletni oletsof r elainoloc eraopop as adav ni itlum nid iitsilaiceps niits - rolet elaicos

    etsin itegolopa itaHumac ia .elatnedicco iirutluc urtneP iutpaf ac itseca inenrao ed atniits ilatnedicco atsisni rtni - tita arpusa iinigiro a is iuluretcarac oicos - ela citilop roliracsim

    enr - ecinais ,"evitimirp ie rov aetup iF itatcepsus ed nu ed xelpmoc etatiroirepus ,latnedicco iam ed tcaxe aeregnivnoc un esaoigiler iracsim erata ac es top acidir al isaleca

    levin ed etatrebil ataf ed arutcnujnoc oicos - "acitilop ed ,ac ,adlip nu caoiG - onihc ad eroiF nu uas .fS atsaecA .csicnarF un ,anmaesni ,rugised nu ac soigiler nemonef etaop if

    ni seletni arafa "ieirotsi ,elas acida arafa ni iulutxetnoc oicos is larutluc uas - .cimonoce uN atsixe tad ,ieirotsi arafa ni ,"rup soigiler icac n nemonef atsixe u csenemo un as erac eif atadotot nemonef .cirotsi atneirepxe ecirO asaoigiler etse atamirpxe is asimsnart rtni -

    cirotsi txetnoc nu .timuna raD etimda a otsi - aetaticir roletneirepxe acilpmi un esaoigiler aeedi ele ac ra if elibitcuder al emrof ed .esaoigilernon tnematropmoc A amrifa tad nu ac

    etse soigiler * metup eN raihc ,abertni ,dnof ni acad eletirefid cuder - "enrsinoit un azaedart luxelpmoc a etatiroirepus ed rolitnavas i .ilatnedicco aitsecA es cseiodni icin

    apilc ac ianrun niits at - eitaerc visulcxe alatnedicco - av iutseca atsizer secorp ed eraclfitsimed a atilautirips .iirutluc a is 1 nU msinamu / 32 anuaedtotni tad nu

    etaop le ac anmaesni un cirotsi lf suder al eirotsi ,asaoigilernon al adlip ed eirotsi

  • .acimonoce alaicos uas .acitilop uN eiubert atadoicin as medreip nid eredev lunu nid eliipicnirp elatnemadnuf ela ietniits aracs :emedom azaeerc .lunemonef asA ma muc

    ,^avednutla tatara irneH eracnioP es ,abertni un :einori araf erac tsilarutan nU n- ra if taiduts le ticed iutnafe le aetup ra ,pocsorcim al itocos ac adesop eretsaonuc atneicifus a

    "?lamina iutseca orciM - lupocs eiuluvzed arutcurts is lumsinacem msinacem ,rolelulec is arutcurts ecitnedi al etaot sinagro - elem .eralulecirulp utnafelE i araf ,etse ,alaiodni nu msinagro ,ralulecirulp le etse rad erao ?tita ianrun aracs aL ,acipocsorcim lusnupsar

    urtson if etaop .tnatize aracs al raD alauziv ,anamu ,era erac e le ,nitup lujatnava a ed atnezerp utnafele i nemonef nu tperd ,cigolooz aeratize lusnupsar nid uN .erapsid urtson

    manoitnetni as matlovzed icia eigolodotem ietniits a .roliigiler amelborP tlum etse aerp moc - axelp eif as ac atatart ni avetic ^.inigap mederc ^Q litu as mateper omoh ac aeedi

    atnizerper susoigiler lunro :"latot nirp ,eramru atniits iler - ' etiarT eriotsih'd sed .siraP( snoigiler ,)9491 .p 11 :.igne dart( .kroY weN( noigileR evitarapmoC ni snrettaP

    )8591 .p .IX :.t.N{ .dart :.mor tatarT a eirotsi ed roliwler dE amuH - .itserucuB.satin ,2991 5l.p ]. ^ ' elenU iitsegus eranimilerp es alfa nid avetic ni ecerp - eletned elem .itrac es A

    ,aedev tiarT .laiceps ni e .pp ,snoigiler sed eriotsih'd 11 - 64 gne .dart( :.i ni snrettaP noigileR evitarapmoC , .pp 1 - ;)33 segamI te selobmys siraP( )1591 pp 33 - 112 .25 - 532

    gne .dart( :.i obmyS dna segamI sl weN[ Y ^ro 1691 ,] .pp 72 - 61 .14 -7 :^ .sehtyM sever te seretsym siraP( ,)7591 .pp 7 - 331 .51 - 461 gne .dart( :.i seiretsyM dna smaerD ,shtyM

    ( ,kroY weN 1691 ,] .pp 31 - 99 ,02 - :)221 ohteM - lacigolod fo ydutS eht no skrameR odohteM ni 'syassE :noigileR fo yrotsiH ehT ni "msilobmyS suoigileR l ,ygo .de M edailE

    ; hpesoJ is awagatiK.M .ogacihC( .)9591 pp ^g" - .701 1 ' 42 / AECRIM roliig EDAUE eiubert as anived anilpicsid alatot ni lusnes ac ae eiubert as ,ezezilitu as ezergetni as is ezeiucitra eletatluzer etidnibod ed elesrevid em - edot ed

    eradroba a iulunenronef .soigiler uN etse ed snuja as izezises aitacifinmes iulunemonef soigiler rtni -o atimuna arutluc ,is nirp as ,eramru -i izerficsed "lujasem icac( eciro nemonef soigiler eiutitsnoc nu :)"urfic etse ,rasecen ,atadotot as - i izeiduts as is - i igeletni ,"airotsi leftla sups as - i iulavzed elirabmihcs is eliracifidom amitlu ni .is ,atnatsni as izedicule aitubirtnoc ni arutluc al as .ulbmasna nI iina nid ,amru nu una - tim ranrun ed

    itnavas ua titnris aioven as acsaesaped avitametla eigolonenTonef asaoigiler - eirotsi .a "roliigiler as is agnuja al iam avitcepsrep agral erac ni etseca auod iitarepo elautceletni

    as ataop if etacilpa .anuerpmi elirutrofE navas - rolit ni iutnemom ed ataf as rap es ezetneiro ertac eitpecnoc alargetni a ietniits .roliigiler ,rugiseD auod etseca iradroba

    ,dnupseroc rtni - o ,arusam atimuna ronu etnemarepmet ecifozolif etibesoed is ra if vian as nrenupuserp ac aenuisnet ertni c ie erac acraecni as agaeletni atnese ts is .ur tc ir.u a iec is el

    rorac arugnis ajirg airotsi etse esaoigiler rolenemonef av erapsid uc erisrivased rtni - o anub .iz 0 aenemesa enuisnet ed ,etse ,tpaf eitarG .eraotaerc ,ie atniits giler i av roli aetup

    ed epacs as ' ed is msitamgod .erangats " itsecA inemret tnis itazilitu ec ni i iam gral :snes "aigolonemonef erac itnavas edulcni cseramru rolirutcurts luiduts is la ,roliitaclfinmes

    rai "airotsi ep aieca erac ; atuac agaeletni as elenemonef esaoigiler ni iutxetnoc rol irotsi e ,tpaf eD . eliribesoed auod etseca ertni irupit iam tnis eradroba ed .etacram .atsixE

    nu ,sulp ni timuna ramun ed '' iribesoed - iroenu etraof elibitpecrep - ni luroiretni upurg -rolir erac ep ,ion urtnep a ,acifilpmis el - ma tinruned .' uc iinemret ed "eigolonemonef is

    ."eirotsi nU msinamu / 52 eletatluzeR rotseca al tnis elautceletni iitarepo auod lef ed esaorolav urtnep iam eregeletni ataveeda a iul

    omoh ,susoigiler ,icac acad onef - "iigolonem tnis itaseretni ed aitacifinmes roletad

  • ,esaoigiler ,"iicirotsi al ludnir ua muc etara as acraecni ,rol tsof etseca iitacifinmes etatnemirepxe is etiart esrevid ni irutluc esrevid ni is ,ecirotsi etnemom muc s- ua

    tamrofsnart ,ele nitagobmi - ud - es uas dnicaras ni lusruced .ieirotsi sutoT ,i acad merv as mative a aedacer ni luihcev cuder - .msinoit as eiubert mivirp anuaedtotni atsaeca a eirotsi

    roliitaclfinmes ac esaoigiler dnicaf etrap airotsi nid iulutirips .namu ^ tlum iaM ticed eraciro atla anilpicsid acida( atsinamu ticed tlum iam ,aigolohisp aigoloicos ,aigoloportna

    roliigiler airotsi ,).cte etaop as aelac adihcsed ienu iigoloportna icac .ecifozolif lurcas etse enuisnemid alasrevinu ,is asa muc mov aedev iam etraped ,)llI .p( elirutupecni iirutluc

    ua ar - inicad ni eletneirepxe is eletniderc ,sulp nI .esaoigiler raihc apud ec lacidar tsof ua eliitaerc ,etaziraluces elarutluc is eliitutitsni ,elaicos olonhet -^ rtni - anu nid elemitlu elas

    ,itrac eleram irotsi e roliigiler la eleaffaR inozzateP al snuja a eizulcnoc :aralimis es airotsi is aigolonemoneF azaetelpnroc 'anu ep .atlalaec oneF - aigolonem etaop es un

    asnepsid ed .eigolonte ed eigololif ed is etla ,etrap atla ed eP .ecirotsi enilpicsid ad aigolonemonef rolenilpicsid ecirotsi leca la snes iulusoigiler s un ele erac ep tni

    elibapac as -i .ezezises leftsA ,ataredisnoc asaoigiler aigolonemonef anmaesni aeregeletni )ssindnatsreV[ a asaoigiler ni airotsi etse .ieirotsi aenuisnemid .asaoigiler ie oneF -;

    auod tnis un roliigiler airotsi is aigolonem ,etniits ic auod etcepsa eratnemelpmoc ela ietniits elargetni a ,rolugiler nu era erata ac roliigiler atniits is retcarac enib tinHed erac ii

    ; etse tirefnoc ed luirporp is lucinu ie tceibus ed "uiduts :gnieB emerpuS ehT( lacigolonemonehP lacirotsiH dna erutcurtS : ni ,"tnempoleveD .M edailE is .M.J

    awagatiK .)irotide( o yrotsiH ehT ~J syassE :noigileR i odohteM n l .66.p ,ygo 62 / AECRIM EDAILE , ,aig eliedi ,elarom eletra ,.cte un top if eseletni tceroc acad un il

    es etsaonuc aecirtam igiler - ,asao ,aranigiro ecirtam pe erac ele ua tacitirc - ,o ,ticat dom ni ua tacifidom -o uas ua snipser - ,o ; dnineved aeec ec tnis :muca irolav elarutluc .enaforp

    ,leftsA lucirotsi roliigiler etse erats ni adnirprus as atnenamrep ec aeec a s-a timunaitautis alaitnetsixe acificeps iulunro ed a lf ni ,"emul icac atneirepxe asaoigiler ii etse

    .avitaleroc nI ,tpaf a ineved tneitsnoc ed luirporp ,if a ed dom uas a- is amusa airporp atnezerp emul ni noc - eiutits urtnep amitlu ni ."asaoigiler atneirepxe ,atnatsni

    etse roliigiler lucirotsi bo il - ed ta iutrofe uas cituenemreh as "acsaiarter enidutitlum ed iitautis elaitnetsixe as is nu erepocsed eram ramun ed iigolotno .ecitametsiserp nU

    cirotsi la un roliigiler etaop ,enups ed ,adlip ac seletni a eliigiler ,eneilartsua a un acad seletni ludom ed lfa la emul ni .rolineiJartsua ,iS asa muc mov .aedev iam ,uizrit misag

    ,muca ep ed raihc al t^eca uidats ,larutluc aenuiton ed etatilarulp a rolirudom ni if a ed ,emul mucerp is atniitslYoc ac aetatiralugnis ieitidnoc enamu etse ienu iutatluzer iirotsi "ercas elaidromirp ,izev( sojiam .p .)921 ,enif ni etseca irurcul if top un eseletni muc eiubert acad lurotagitsevni un egeletni ac eigiler eraceif nu era ,"urtnec uc etla ,etnivuc

    noc - eitpec alartnec erac amina gertni lulbmasna ed ,irutim irulautir is .etniderc tsecA urcul ni tnedive etse iigiler mucerp ,lumsiadui lumsinitserc is ,lunralsi ni aduic iulutpaf

    ac eliracifidom ortni - esud nI lusruc rolimerv ua ,tarucsbo ni ,iruzac elenu amrof ,adlip eD ."aranigiro lulor la lartnec iul susil ac aiseM tnerapsnart etse ticiro ed L nU

    msinamu / 72 exelpmoc etarobale is ra aetup as arap iiserpxe etimuna ecigoloet is ecitsaizelce enaropmetnoc ni eitarapmoc lumsinitserc uc ."ranigiro ^ nec - "lurt ienu

    etse un iigiler anuaedtotni tita ve ed i .tned iinU irotatecrec icin un -i cseiunab racam:atnetsixe ie acraecni iam abarged as ezeiucitra ni eitcnuf ed atimuna adom elirolav esaoigiler ela iunu timuna ed pit .etateicos ,leftsA urtnep epaorpa iert irutrefs ed loces ed ,eratecrec er l imirp eliigi ua "evit tsof ac eseletni dnirtsuli eliiroet erac uanimod

  • :iutnemom ,lumsimina ,rolisomarts iutluc ,anam ,lumsimetot ed ,ailartsuA .cte ,ulpmexe epaorpa tsof a ataredisnoc nirp luirotiret atnelecxe la ,iulumsimetot ni ,erac aetuiriv

    iulusupuserp msiahra la ,rolineilartsua raihc tsof a tamalcorp tperd aec iam ehcev amrof ed ataiv rO .asaoigiler , tnerefidni ma ec ederc erpsed elesrevid iedi esaoigiler etniderc is

    bus etinuer elemun ed ,"msimetot tnedive erap urcul nu ,izatsa emuna un lumsimetot actitsnoc eiu lurtnec iiteiv .eneilartsua esaoigiler ,avirtopmiD eliiserpxe .ecimetot al lef is ac

    esaoigiler etniderc is iedi etla agaertni atapac rol eitacifinmes is atnereoc ianrun icnutadnic etse eneilartsua .esaoigiler iiteiv lurtnec tatuac oloca ednu ilartsua iine ua tamrifa

    a es ac anuaedtotni t ni :al iutpecnoc ed pmit la usiv - ,"iul aeca acope ,asaolubaf ,alaidromirp s dnic - a tiruaf aemul is lunro a tineved etse ec aeec .iza mA tatucsid ep gral

    atsaeca enuitsehc ni etrap atla etse un is rasecen as uaier ^ ^.icia A. gileR nailartsu i :no.snoigileR fo yrotsiH ,"noitcudortnI nA ,)6691( 6 .pp 801 - 802,431 - .732

    82 / AECRIM atsecA EDAILE etse raod nu ulpmexe ertni eletla is e un le iam ,rotalever icac eliigiler eneilartsua un ^tnizerp aetatixelpmoc is aetateirav ed emrof uc erac es

    atnurfnoc e erac le azaetecrec eliigiler ,ieidnI iulutpigE uas .ieicerG raD etse rosu ed seletni ac aerajilgen iiratuac iulurtnec citnetua ienu la iigiler etaop acilpxe aeravcedani irtnoc - roliitub esuda ed iicirotsi roliigiler ni ieigoloportna luinemod .ecifozolif asA muc

    mov aedev uizrit ianr .pac( ,)4 aenemesa atneicifusni atcelfer azirc iam acnida iam is .axelpmoc eP ed ,etrap atla tnis ennres ac atsaeca ep etse azirc iutcnup ed a- is alfa .aeravlozer moV animaxe ni amru - raot ele iert elotipac ela iitrac avetic etcepsa ela ietseca

    ,ezirc mucerp is elirionni erac ep el - tanimreted ua ele m anilpicsid .artsaon 2erivirP e.r rt cepso arpusa avit ienotsi .al ed :roliigiler 2191 lunA iza 2191 a tsof atad

    anilp ed eitacifinmes ni airotsi iuluiduts cifitniits la .ieigiler nI leca ,na elimE miehkruD a tacilbup sennoF seriatnemele eiv al ed ,esueigiler rai mlehliW tdimhcS is - a animret l

    lunrirp mulov nid lulatnemunom uas ulcic reD gnurpsrU red ,eedisettoG erac aeva as eif animret l aiba etsep icezurtap ed ,ina auod elemitlu emulov IX( is )IIX dnirapa aiba in

    4591 is ,5591 apud aetraom .iulurotua ni toT ,2191 eleaffaR inozzateP is - tacilbup aamirp as onom - eifarg .atnatropmi aL enoigiler avitimirp ni ,angedraS .G.C gnuJ aerapit

    elas ela aW negnuldn ni 2691 tsof ma tativni ed iirotide iul noigileR dna elbiB fo lanruoJ as ,tnizerp ni e tlum le 0007 ed ,etnivuc erecert adipar ni roliigiler ienotsi a atsiver ni

    iinritlu icezicnic uc muC .ina ed aeratucsid rolesergorp etazilaer ni luiduts iuluihceV isiuluoN tnematseT aresesuf itanicrasni itla ,irotua ma sulcxe etseca eraotces nid iuese

    .uem dnitagerP lunrulov ed ,ataf ma tuzaver is tatelpmoc ,iutxet rad nna tatcepser lunalp ni ,laitini iulutpafadifop ac etimuna etnidnet nid cilbib eliiduts e ua tuva arutagel atcerid

    uc elirirepocsed etucaf iigiler iicirotsi ed l erac ro azaercul ni etla lulocitrA .iinemod ,lanigiro talutitni yrotsiH ehT Jo :tcepsorteR ni noigileR 2191 - 2691 ni tacilbup tsof a

    uoJ ehT nr .noigileR dna elbiB fo la 89 :)3691( 13 - 701 thgirypoC( 3691 eht yb ,noigileR fo ymedacA naciremA sudorper uc .)enuisimrep

    03 / AECRIM dnu EDAILE elobmyS red ,odibiL rai dnumgiS duerF aecaf isi elirutceroc erac ,ubaT dnu metoT al aeva arapa as bus amrof ed ni etrac luna etsecA .rotamru itrac

    uartsuli urtap iac etirefid ed roba - erad a iuluiduts ieigiler - icin anu ertnid ele ucerisrivased auon -, :emuna ,acigoloicos olonte - .acig acigolohisp is .acirotsi arugniS

    eradroba ,auon laitnetop aeeca a ieigolonemonef eif as aeva ,ieigiler asnirpertni a aib etsep ecez .ina uC etaot ,aetseca ,duerF ,gnuJ nriehkruD is tdimhcS mlehliW uacilpa uc

    taraveda ion edotem is niterp - uaed ac ua tidnibod etatluzer iam elibarud ticediirosecederp .rol etsE vitacifinmes iutpaf ,ac udnitpecxe -l ep ,inozzatteP icin lunu nid

  • sus iirotua - itatic un are cirotsi la .roliigiler eliiroet ,isutoT rol uaeva as ecaoj nu lor libaredisnoc ni ataiv ' alarutluc a roliineced .eraotamru iseD initup etraof icirotsi ia

    sniped ua roliigiler visulcxe ed ,ie ,duerF ,gnuJ miehkruD laiceps ni ,tdimhcS is iinrirp ,iod ua tiubirtnoc al tlum tsiegtieZ - lu itlu - rolem ,iitareneg .is elirarterpretni ni rol eiretam

    ed eigiler es arucub acni nu ed timuna ertnirp uigitserp .itsilaicepsen ni aerarobale rolezetopi ,rol itot itseca itcaer irotua ,uano ,vitizop uas ,vitagen al atneulfni erp -roliroseced rol itaidemi a uas .rolinaropmetnoc nI luruj rolina 0191 - ,2191 elilocs

    ed enamreg atniits ,roliigiler aec lartsa - acigolotim is aec nap - olibab - anain uare ni .nilced rtniD -o iutsedeitcudorp ed tnednuba .^a ianrun eiD eniemeglla eigolohtyM dnu erhi

    ehcsigolonhte negaldnurG )0191( a iul .P ' M ia tluni ed atus is itrac ed elocitra tsol ua etacilbup ni \ ecezerpsicnic uC .ina erivirp etseca al .ilocs nilehliW .fc ,tdiinhcS ehT

    irO g seiroehT dna stcaF :noigileR fo htworG dna ni .dart( nid ananne^ ed .J.H weN .esoR .kroY .)1391 pp 19 - .201 erivirP avitcepsorfer arpusa ienotsi rolUgUer /

    13 hciernerhE is hcubdnaH la red to ir tne .ic li cs h ne rutluksetsieG .3191( .de a 2- .a )9291 .A ed ereJ - saim iam uartsap atimuna eraolav is urtnep seretni eliitareneg .eraotamru

    eleC iam ropmi - etnat iitubirtnoc al airotsi roliigiler eturapa ni ainamreG ertni iina 0091 is 2191 etaot uare irt - .eratub tceridni uas tcerid , ieiroet etsimina iul a .B.E oiyT ^.r .raD erps

    eribesoed ed aitautis elec nid iert iineced ip - .etnedece atsaeca eiroet lasrevinu are iam un .atatpecca ni .0091 .R.R tteraM p a bu il ti..c luiduts citsiminaerP.. noigileR ,^" as aeva erac

    anived urbelec erac ni is acrecni as ezertsnomed ac lilidats are un ieigiler la mirp atniderc alasrevinu ni eleteltus .rolirurcul ic ed tnemitnes nu .1 is eraore erimiu taticsus ed

    aeralnurtnoc uc eretup alanosrepmi .)anam( eram nU ramun ed itnavas ua tatpecca is tatlovxed raM .eiroet atsaeca i uas( a nero .ad nakaw a ).cte tineved epaorpa nu uesilc ni ,is

    aditop esuda rolicitirc ed igolonte .^itnetepnroc ni etlum ecifitniits irucrec es ederc acni ni aeedi ac atnizerper airam luidats .ieigiler la laidromirp 0 atla azetopi .atsiminaerp

    etraof ,aralupop a l tso asime ed .G.J arF 7,e ni r lurbelec uas ulcic 2 a .de( hguoB nedloG -,a .)0091 iutidurE ortna - golop aemop airotsi ni ac aeedi al ed ^ iirinemo ed ,aC .adlip .A

    eiD hcir.1 uM , t ret edrE izpieL( g, :)5091 nov .L .redeorhcS muiretsyM dnu sumiM mi giR adeV .gAzpieL( :)8091 .W .tessuoB saD neseW red noiqileR tlletseqrad rerhi nn

    elhcihcseG ,ellaH( :)3091 .W is ,tdnuW suhtyM R dnu ile gi no 3( .gizpieL ,.lov 5091 - .)9091 ^ oF nI l .erolk .0091 .pp 261 - :281 tacilbuper dlohserhT ehT ni

    leR'Jo i {noig noL dTa .. .)9091 .pp 1- .23 ^ .P .fC .nidaR naciremA htroN eht fo noigileR kloF naciremA fo lanruoJ ."snaidnI - ,eroL ,)4191( 72 .pp 533 - .373 ni .p laiceps 443 .s

    :.mru .pp ,noigileR fo htworG dna nigirO .tdimhcS 061 - ;561 .M .edailE ni snrettaP ,noigileR evitarapmoC .R deehS .kroY weN( ,)8591 .pp 91 mru .s .. 53 - .63

    23 / AECRIM aigam EDAUE a tadecerp .aigiler nI isaeeca ,erarcul arF - rez atpoda aitpecnoc iul .W tdrahnnaM eletirips erpsed iuluirg is atlovzed etraof atagob rom -

    eigolof a roliez ieitategev erac rom is .eivni t uC etao eletcefed ,elas etarotad iam sela aerp iitneta ienitup etadroca ed rezarF iiracifitarts acida ,^elarutluc ,ieirotsi nedloG

    a hguoB tineved erarcul acisalc a is taticrexe asnemi atneulfni rtni - emitlum o ed .iinemod aL lef ed ,atnatropmi ianr ised nitup ,aralupop a tsof aerarcul as msimetoT dnaymagoxE 4( ,.lov )0191 6, araf erac ed ra uerg if as en manigami luiduts metoT ,duerF iul

    dnu .ubaT ,miehkruD is duerF gnuJ ua tatpoda is tarobaleer elezetopi etsiminaerp .i( .e anam is aetatiroiretna )ieigam ua is tatsisni arpusa ropmi - ietnat ,iulumsimetot ,erac urtnep iinrirp iod nid iirotua ,itatic a tanniesni anrirp eratsefinam a iiteiv .esaoigiler

    lurugniS etaot snipser a erac eliiroet lareneg esimda ela iulupmit - tita ina - lumsim iul

  • roiyT tic is inaerp ,lumsim lumsimetot is iiez ieitategev - tsof a mlehliW ,tdimhcS a erac tazufer as ,adav ni etseca emrof ,esaoigiler ^ asrus urtneP acitirc a roliiroet ,rezarF iul

    .fc treboR .H ewtimnP ,eiwoL ,kroY weN( noigileR ,)4291 .pp 731 - :741 woL i ehT ,etE fo yrotsiH nh o ol g l.aci ,kroY weN( yroehT ,)7391 .pp 101 - ;401 dna nigirO ,tdimhcS

    .pp ,noigileR fo htworG 321 - :421 ,edailE evitarapmoC ni snrettaP ,npjgileR .pp 263 - .563 rodoehT .H retsaG a tamuzer tnecer etcnup elelapicnirp erac ni ellitpecnoc iul ua rezarF

    tsof etacitirc ;etacifidom uas .fc iutnivuc uas etniam weN( hguoB nedloG weN ehT al .kroY ,)9591 .pp IVX - .XX izeV is aitucsid ertnid is hcaeL dnumdE .C.I ,eivraJ arF z re

    dna ,"ikswonilaM ,ygoloporhtnA tnerruC ,)6691( 7 .pp 065 - .575 ^ rezarF is -a tacilbup amirp as eitubirtnoc rtni - ed etrac o inuisnemid ,esuder ,hgrubnidE( msimetoT ,)7881 atannu ed auod etnatropmi ,elocitra weiveR ylthgintroF ,"msimetoT fo nigirO ehTellirpa( - lam ,)9881 is fo sgninnigeB ehT - nailartsuA eht gnoma msimetoT dna noigileR

    ,"senigirobA ,.dibi ellui - ,eHbmetpes .5091 erivirP avitcepsorter arpusa i eirots i rolUgiler / 33 ieigiler uas aec iam avitimirp .asaoigiler atneirepxe asA muc mov iam atlovzed

    ,etraped tdimhcS aederc ac amrof m aec ai aciahra are esaoigiler iiteiv a atniderc rtni - nu eraM .ueZ ed aederc lE aenemesa ac av aetup as cirotsi ezertsnomed atsaeca ,etatilaer

    eitarg ienu ion ,enilpicsid aigolonte iraterpretnI .acirotsi ecigoloicos ,miehkruD urtneP are aigiler ,o eitceiorp a e epx - ietneir .elaicos udniidutS -i ep ,ineilartsua le esavresbo ac

    lunretot azaezilobnris ni .isaleca lurcas pmit is .lunalc aC ,eramru edihcnoc ac lurcas ' uas( )"iueZ is lupurg laicos tnis lunu is .urcul isaleca aitacilpxE miehkruD ed atad

    iirutan is iinigiro tsof a ieigiler cimetup atacitirc ed igolonte avitic ed .acram ,leftsA .A.A resiewnedloG a tatara ac elirubirt elec elpmis iam un ua ,irunalc icin icin .irumetot eD

    ,ednu ,icnuta ecimetotnon eleraopop isi uaetup avired eP ?aigiler agnil D ,atsaeca miehkruatceted aenigiro utnemitnes - iul soigiler ni lumsaizutne vitceloc are erac ed atangerpmi

    arefsomta iululautir .nailartsua raD ,icnuta es abertni ,resiewnedloG acad. isasni aeranuda etse aeeca ad erac eretsan iulutnemitnes ac ecaf es muc ,soigiler elirusnad ela enaforp

    rolineidni ed aciremA nid droN es un amrofsnart ni irarbelec '''?esaoigiler W i mlehl a tdimhcS tacitirc iutpaf is miehkruD ac - a tatimil aitamrofni " ,resiewnedloG .A.A

    fo euqitirC A :yteicoS dna noigileR elimE s'miehkruD eht fo yroehT erutaN dna nigirO ihP fo lanruoJ ,"noigileR fo l ,dohteM cifitneicS dna ygolohcysP ,yhposo 311 :)7191( 41 -

    :421 ,kroY weN( noitaziliviC ylraE ,)2291 .pp 063 .s :.mru ,nrotsiH sP n qolohc 4 dna ,kroY weN( erutluC 91 ^ ,)3 .p .373

    43 / AECRIM EDAILE al elirubirt id n lurtnec ,ieilartsuA al laiceps ni lubirt ,atnurA is i-a tarongi ep iec nid dus - .iulutnenitnoc iutse erac azaemrof iutarts ec i iam ihcev erac is un

    csonuc ^.lumsinretot iitceibO un iam nitup esaoires ua tsof etacidir ed treboR ^.eiwoL nIadiforp rotseca ,icitirc seL semroF nemele - seriat aunitnoc a l as es erucub ed nu timuna

    uigitserp ni .atnarF laiceps ni atirotad lutpaf i.i i miehkruD ac tsof a luroteiemetni iilocs ezecnarf ed is.eigoloicos lurotide ieitacilbup 'L eennA oicoS - .euqigol iseD miehkruD

    itnedni acif aigiler .aetateicos uc seL f semro seriatnemele un erper - ,atnez al tperd .dnibrov eitubirtnoc al .ie^giler aigoloicos iaM ,uizrit ,asni avitic iam iec nid arts - iticul

    igeloc is ivele ia iul ua miehkruD irarcul tacilbup etnatropmi ni .eiretam eS enivuc as macramer laiceps dom ni aeraterpretni - lecraM ed atad tenarG ieigiler anihC nid ."'acitna mucerp is eliiduts .L iul tenreG erpsed eliitutitsni igiler - esao .itsecerg ' ^ ni ec -I etsevirp

    ep neicuL yveL - ,lhurB aitizop ni as lurdac iilocs cigoloicos e ezecnarf etse iam ^.alaiceps fozoliF tita nirp eitacov tic is nirp " .idinihcS fhT irO ig n diuc worG t Rfo h e noigil , .pp

    .s511 ^ .nnu ,eiwoL evilimirP noigileR , .p 351 .s l i nn :. hT e fo yrotsiH lariqolonhlE

  • hT e yro , .pp 791 .s ^iinu ^1"' R e noigil sed ionihC -- .sira'i( 1 :)229 sesnaD le sedneq^[ ed C al i! in e .enneicna 2 ov l .siraP( . :)6291 iC aL Hv iy noita. esLonihr :)9291( L is ie eesneP

    esionihc .)4391( ' ' . .L tG -i- ten .A is t^iialuoB - .r 1 - eineG cerg al snad noilkleR .siraP( .)2391 "' 1 vvc - lhurB is - a taincvtrp azeiopi dnivirp ".n n .t atila e.l a jlrllelretni .siraP( )0191 L is a eUlluneni liiirp - c'.l.'i ,siraP( .)2291 tP - urtn lucirutsi ,roliigiler eienu

    nid iepo - ele elas eraoiretlu tnis ed inenrcsa :evitacifinnies .fc ,laiceps ni emA'L .1 ,siraP( 291 :)7 eL S urn ln .u r :< le l' l a erulan snad l a elilalnem evilimirp .siraP(

    :)1391 .aL is eigolohtyM ,siraP( .)5391 erivirP avitcepsorter arpusa ienotsi rolUgiler / 53 ,eitacude a le tineved urbelec atirotad uas iulutpecnoc ed etatilatnem

    ."avitimirp lE aenitsus ac "luvitimirp etse tajagna rtni - nu lef euqitsym noitapicitrap ed uc aemul eraotarujnocni nid ,is tseca ,vitom etse libapacni as ezenoitar .tceroc yveL -

    lhurB aederc ac aeregeletni iutseca etatilatnem ed pit acigolerp li av atuja ep iutnavas as nredom ezezises lusnes is aitcnuf rolirulobmis a is .rolirutim amitlu ni ,is ,azilana a

    roliigiler is evitimirp .eciahra azetopl iitatilatnem s ecigolerp -a tarucub eram ed .seccus iseD n-a tsof oicin - atad atatpecca ed ,^igolonte ae tsof a ucsid tanoisap atat ed igolohisp is

    .ifozolif .G.C J< a ac aederc gnu tisag ni aeca euqitsym noitapicitrap urtnep adavod atnetsixe iulutneitsnocni .vitceloc raD yveL - eram ed tnavas nu are lhurB .etatitseno ni

    iinritlu ias ina a tatidem nid uon arpusa iezetopi i ,is elas n elec nid ,amru a snipser - .o a lE araf tirum as if tuva aizaco as - is etnizerp elemitlu noc - iizulc ni atsaeca .amelborp

    (G stenra i- ua tsof etacilbup mutsop ed .M tdrahneeL ni ).8491 iseD etaiemetni ep azetopi ,atanore elemirp erepo yveL iul ela - tnis un lhurB etispil :tirem ed ele ua

    tiubirtnoc al aerizert iuluseretni urtnep elautirips eliitaerc ela rolitateicos iaM .eciahra nitup ,atsefinam iam rad adnuforp iam is ,asnitxe tsof a atneulfni ataticrexe lecraM ed

    ,ssuaM lunu am iec nid i itidure is ^' itsedom .fC .W ,tdimhcS ni ,soporhtnA :)2191( 7 662 - .0 ;962 .yoreL uL nosiaR ewtimirp .siraP( ,)7291 .pp 74 .s luoaR :.imu ,reillA eL

    esilivirnon suon le :)7291( .R iuhT - dlawn ni ehcstueD gnutiezrutaretiL ,)8291( .pp 684 -494 - nedloG - .resiew .pp ,noitaziliviC ylraE 083 - :983 o yrotsiH ,eiwoL is lacigolonhtE ~J

    .pp ,yroehT 612 - :122 izev ed aenemesa snavE .E.E - ,drahctirP hT e seiro ewtimirFfo ,drofxO( noigileR ,)5691

    63 / AECRIM itnavas EDAILE ia iimerv .elas elelocitrA elas ep ,iuluicifircas amet aieigam a is iulurad ac aratnemele amrof ed bmihcs tnis urtni iutot ennred aitneta ed

    ^.artsaon niD ,ericirefen ssuaM un is - tivarpsi a aeec ec aiubert as a mungam supo eif i,uas nu tatart arpusa ,ieigolonte ataredisnoc ac nu af .latot laicos ti aetativitcA is lulpnrexe

    iul ssuaM ua tatneulfni eram nu ramun ed izecnarf icirotsi ia .roliigiler il metup atic ep segroeG lizemuD eciruaM is .tdrahneeL oD omaK a i iulec nid annu atnizerper anu ertnid

    elec iam iiv is etnalumits iam iitubirtnoc al aeregeletni iulutim a is ^.rolivitimirpiululautir iam uN nitup etnatropmi tnis elirarcul irfa - rolitsinac lecraM iul ela laiceps ni .izecnarf elluairG ela is rolilopicsid ^.iul rtnI -o etrac ed - iutperd a ,atnanicsaf ueiD .vae'd )8491( ,

    a elluairG tatnezerp aitidart acigolotim aciretoze a aetraC .rolinogod a tuva etnicesnoc elibaredisnoc aeraulaveer urtnep :"evitimirp roliigiler ae alever eraotimiu etaticapac

    urtnep aitaluceps etsis - acitam ni lucol roliitarbucule itseralipoc erac al et - ia lf tatpetsa ed al etatilatnem lerp :"acigo ed alever ae inemesa atneicifusni ieitamrofni saon - ert grpsed

    aeridnig asaoigiler acitnetua a irp - ."rolivitim icaC elluairG n-a tsof sudortni ni ^ aetatirojaM rotseca elocitra tsof ua etacilbuper rtni - etrac o ,amutsop eigoloicoS le

    eigoloporhtnA ,siraP( ,)0591 atnatropnii erecudortni edualC ed iveL - ^ .ssuartS aL .omaK oD ,tdrahneeL eciruaM ennosrep le I P ehtym snad i e ednom neisenaleni

  • ,siraP( .)7491 ^' .izeV retni .aila .M ueiD .elluairG .uae'd sneitertnE ilemmetogO ceva ,siraP( :)8491 .G D ,nelretei iassE rus noigiler al arabmab ;)1591( .fc inemesa ed .E

    leahciM ,nosledneM ehT ,"ecnarF ni ygoloporhtnA laicoS fo sdnerT tneserP emoS lanruoJ hsitirB "Jo ygoloicoS , 152 :)8591( 9 - .072 erluirP avitcepsorter .arpusa ienotsi

    roliigiler / 73 anirtcod rolinogod a aciretoze ticed apud iredes etateper ertnirp ,ie rai icnuta ianrun eitarg iriutnalni ienu ed irarujerpmi .eticiref ,itsE ,radasa ni - titatperd as

    izerc ac aetatirojam rolirarcul sed - erp eliigiler "evitimirp atnizerp is azaeterpretnipa epaor visulcxe eletcepsa ,eraoiretxe iced e nitup iam le ,etnaseretni ela itlA .arotseca

    igolonte is igoloicos ua izecnarf suda ed iitubirtnoc amaes al aeregeletni iiteiv esaoigiler a rolirutluc .ecitebaflaen atic metuP eliiduts derflA iul xuarteM er arpusa roliigil dus -

    enacirema is .eneitiah eliifargonom segroeG iul reidnalaB arpusa ieigoloicos ,enacirfa is iveL edualC iul elirarcul sela iam - ssuartS erpsed ,msimetot curts - arut is iulutim eliitarepo

    iiridnig "ecitablas lareneg ni - irarcul erac es arucub ed agral is adnicserc .etatiralupop eD ,tpaf iveL - ssuartS lurugnis etse a erac tisuer as egitsic luseretni ucilbup - iul tavitluc

    urtnep ,"ivitimirp seretni es erac ed esarucub iveL - lhurB uc icezicnic ed ina ni ^.amrulelaraP uc atneulfni iul ,miehkruD rad l tatimi al tupecni al ainamreG ,is aiba a apud i

    aeliod iobzar ,laidnom dnitcefa is eletatS ed aciremA ,etinU duS is ,ailatI tsof a iutcapmi ieigoloicos otcirts ieigiler ,usnes acida asa muc uaegeletni tsnrE is rebeW xaM

    .hcstleorT ni ,atnarF aigoloicos snes ni roliigiler uirporp erapa ,uizrit ae rad etsaonuc eratlovzed adipar a apud i iobzar aeliod " derflA ,xuarteM eL uoduaV neitiah ,siraP(

    .)8591 snoigileR is te seigam senneidni euqnemA'd ud duS :)7691( ,reidnalaB .G eigoloicoS elleutca ed euqirfAU on eri ;)5591( iveL edualC - ,ssuartS emsimetoT .iuh'druojua ,)2691( aL egavuaS eesneP )2691( is elteurCeL tiuc .)4691( -

    83 / AECRIM EDAUE .laidnom E ed snuja as en mirefer raod leirbaG al i al is sarB elupurg ed irenit irotatecrec ed sevihcrA tocs erac eigoloicoS sed .snoigileR ^ nI eletatS ,etinU ttoclaT snosraP ' , .J notliM o^regniY ^ mihcaoJ .hcaW hcaW a tacilbup

    gnurhufniE eid ni eigoloizossnoigileR ni 1391 as arepo is ,alatipac fo ygoloicoS ,noigileR ecezerpsiert ina iam aitizoP ^^.uizrit cigolodotem a a iul hcaW etse tibesoed ed

    atnaveler urtnep iutceibus .urtson lE a tsof lapicnirp ni cirotsi la roliigiler ,uas ,tcaxe iam ni tsilaiceps .tfahcsnessiwsnoigileR erac ni aigoloicos .are roliigiler apud ,le anu nid elec

    urtap anuerpmi( irumar uc airotsi ,roliigiler aigolonemonef iler - ieig is aigolohisp .)ieigiler ataoT ataiv hcaW .as s- tapucoerp a ed amelborp .iicituenemreh is aerarcul ni iul

    iert D emulov O S nehetsreV 6291( - )3391 ^' .fC leirbaG i eigoloicos ed sedutE .sarB e.esueiqiler 2 ,siraP( .lov 591 5- ;)65 ihcrA v .on ,snoigileR sed eigoloicoS ed se 1 naJ( u yra -

    nuJ e. )6591 .on is 31 yraunaJ( - .enuJ ;)2691 i./'cv ed inemesa .snoigileR sed eigoloicoS secnadneT sellentca .OCSENU .siraP( seihpargoilbiB le ehcrehceR al ed :)6591 lnerruC

    .lov ,ygoloicoS ,5 .p 1 . ^ eht fo tnempoleveD laciteroehT ehT ,snosraP ttoclaT oloicoS g o lanruoJ ."noigileR fo y f iH eht s saedI fo yrot 671 :)4491( - ;091 E ni syass

    lacigoloicoS roehT y deilppA dna eruP ,eocnelG( ,sionillI .)9491 ^ .J ,notliM ,regniY goloicoS eht fo sutatS tneserP 'y oigileR fo "n .Jo mu af .noigileR fo 491 :)1591( 13 - ;012

    eicoS .noigileR t ot noitcudortnI nA :laudividnI eht dna y t o ygoloicoS eh noiqileR f weN( ,kroY .)7591 ^ erpseU .hcaW mihcaoJ izev hpesoJ .M ,awagatiK hcaW mihcaoJ te al

    crA ."noigileR al ed eigoloicoS snoigileR sed eigoloicoS ed sevih , .on 1 yraunaJ( - .enuJ 52 :)6591 - :04 irneH ,ehcorseD eigoloicoS tc eigoloeht s.iiaic l a csueigiler eigolopv( ( i e

    ,"hcaW mihcaoJ ..dihi .pp 14 - :36 apreculrortnI iul awagaliK na efiL( d ihguohT ( f> al )"hcaW mihcaoJ aetrac .hcaW iul aturapa :niulsop eltT evilarapnroC S t fo ydu

  • ,kroY weN( snoigileR .)8591 IIIX .pp - LX V inemesa ed .fC .II ailargoilbib ni hcaW iul crA ih ve ed s eigoloicoS eR sed l .snoigi 6591(1 1 46: - 96 '. erivirP avitcepsorter arpusa

    ieirotsi roliigiler / 93 enimar r atnirefe alapicnirp ni .eiretam a hcaW titnris aioven a ed aul ires e ni s aeranoitidnoc eitaredisnoc acigoloicos a iiteiv mucerp ,esaoigiler is

    iutxetnoc la laicos roliiserpxe ,snipser a lE .esaoigiler ,asni aitizop atsimertxe op - tivirt aierac ataiv oigiler asa un e ticed nemonefipe nu la iirutcurts .elaicos s lE - a tiudarts as

    acsaezert luseretni roligoloicos ,tfahcsnessiwsnoigileR urtnep ieigiler rad uc aerp nitup aetatirojaM .seccus .arotseca sela iam iec .inofolgna itanilcni tnis as eredisnoc ac adotem

    is eletnemurtsni as top rol ecifiralc erugnis ni atneicifus elirutcurts arusam is eletnemineve .esaoigiler aniP nu al tcnup atsaeca enidutita ,seletni ed etse eraceif icac

    arumar a iiretsaonuc ednit as erepoca tic tlum iam neret .libisop I .sulp n aeratlovzedasnenri a roletniits ni elaicos iinritlu icezicnic ina ed azaejarucni iam enidutita abarged

    otua - atneicifus a iulugoloicos .erap ieigiler aigoloicos icac ,ieigiler ,avmuc iam "acifitniits iam is ,"eraotisolof ec i utxetnoc ni nitup i iirutluc icco - ,elatned ticed etla ela irumar iuluinemod snirpuc .tfahcsnessiwsnoigileR ni mucirO ra ,if ieigiler aigoloicos

    a suda is noc - aunit as acuda eitubirtnoc atnatropmi aeratlovzed al ietniits elareneg a .roliigiler ecigoloicos eletaD li atuja ep otatecrec r as agaeletni utxetnoc i uiv la

    roletnemucod as is elas acsaeref es ed atipsi roliraterpretni etcartsba ela iulunemonef .ieigiler rtni - ,raveda un atsixe soigiler tpaf erats ni ."arup etse lE natlumis anuaedtotni is

    igoloicos is .cirotsi tpaf e larutluc is , is , .cigolohisp un a urtnep anoitnem ticed xetnoc - elet iam elec .etnatropmi acaD lucirotsi roliigiler

    04 / AECRIM un EDAUE atsisni anuaedtotni ep aetaticilpitlum ,iitacifinmes rotseca atsaeca es etserotad lapicnirp ni iulutpaf ac e ed supuserp ac le as es arpusa ezertnecnoc

    ieitacifinmes esaoigiler a roletad .elas aizufnoC epecni icnuta dnic ianrun nu rugnis tcepsa la iiteiv esaoigiler etse tatpecca ac laitnese is ,vitacifinmes rai etlalelec etcepsa uas

    tnis inuitcnuf etivirp ac eradnuces uas raihc .iirozuli 0 erata adotem atsinoitcuder a tsof atacitcarp ed miehkruD ed is itla igoloicos ia .ieigiler nU cuder - msinoit is iam a citsard

    tsof e le tacilpa duerF ed i metoT n dnu baT u . eigolohisP alasiba is eirotsi a roliigilerurtneP ,duerF ,aigiler rad is uc arutl is anamu aetateicos lareneg ni ua tupecni ac eramru a

    ronro iunu aidromirp l duerF . esatpecca aeedi nosniktA iul tivirtop aierac elitatinumoc evitimirp uatsnoc nu nid lucsam nu is tluda ramun ed elemef ed is irenit ilucsam erac

    uare itagnula ed ainelepac iulupurg dnic uaeneved snujacdni ed irutam ac as -i acsaenrits ^^."aizoleg iiiF itagnula isi uaedicu ni elec nid amru ,latat li uacnim is uaesusni isi

    elelemef duerF .elas :eircs iutpaF uacnim isi ac atadotot anritciv un eiubert coled as en,erim tad dniif ni malfa en ac atnezerp ronu las - icitab ...ilabinac iutapsO .cimetot libaborp

    lunrirp ed tca erarbelec la .iitatinamu are .eititeper eraromemer avitsef a ietseca emirc ,evitacifinmes ua erac nid secrup iopa :aetita ^ aerazinagro .L.A ,rebeorK dna metoT

    nA :oobaT lacigolonhtE ohcysP - ,tsigoloporhtnA naciremA ,"sisylana 84 :)0291( 22 - ,55tatic ed .W tdimhcS o htworG dna nigirO ni f .p ,snoigileR .011 erivirP avitcepsorter

    arpusa ienotsi roliigiler 14/ .' ,iitateicos eliitcirtser er ,elarom .aigil ^" apuD muc azainilbus mlehliW duerF ,tdimhcS enitsus ac uezenmuD ,etse icin ,tlum iam icin iam amrof ,nitup

    atamilbus a iulatat cizif la :rolinenrao ed icia atluzer ni ac luicifircas uezenmuD .cimetot isusni etse sicu is .tiftrej tsecA romo la tat a- iul - uez etse luihcevarts tacap ranigiro la

    atsaecA .iitatinamu aniv a iulegnis etse mucsar - atarap nirp aetraom asaoregnis iul a aeraterpretnI ^".sotsirH ni tsof a ieigiler duerF ed atad etateper irudnir atacitirc largetni is

    asnipser ed ,igolonte al ed .H.W is sreviR .F ,rebeorK .L.A al saoB .B ikswonilaM .W is

  • .tdimhcS 25 uzeR - dnim eliitceibo ecigolonte iam elec esuda etnatropmi roliitcurtsnocer etnagavartxe etasnava tdimhcS ,ubaT dnu metoT ni avresbo :ac )1( etot - lumsim ed e un

    al talfa elirutupecni er :ieigil )2( lumsimetot un is lasrevinu etse un etaot aopop - eler ua tucert nirp azaf :acimetot )3( rexarF a tartsnomed iam nid ac etlum etus ed irubirt

    ,ecimetot ianrun urtap csonuc lautir nu ixorpa - vitam rotanamesa iuluromo is lainomerec noc - iiramus iuluez - "metot lautir( Laredisnoc tnemele duerF ed libairavni la

    :)iulumsimetot era un lautir tseca .sulp ni cinrin ecal a ed uc aenigiro itircas - iuluic nid tnemom ec etse lumsimetot m tnetsixeni iam elec ihcev :irutluc )4( eliitalupop erp - ot -

    .S^ oT ,duerF t me a .p .ubaT dn .011 ed tatic iK - .rebeo ,"oobaT dna metoT .fc ,tdimhcS igirO n fo htworG dna .snoiqileR .p 1 1 1 . ^ rO .tdimhcS igi htworG dna n Jo snoigileR , .p .21 1 ^ izeV I.W 1. S ehT .sreviR y ,"htribeR fo msilobm Fol .eroL k 41 :)2291( 33 - :32 .F

    T .saoB o sdohteM eh f .tsigoloporhtnA naciremA ."ygolonhtE 113 :)0291( 21 .s iu - :.m . .nodnoL( yteicoS egavaS dna noisserpeR ,xeS .ikswonilaM .)7291 24 / AECRIM ecinret EDAUE un csonuc ,lumsilabinac rai ludicirap ,etse al ,ele nid

    tcnup ed eredev ,cigolohisp isoigoloicos larom , arup :"etatilibisopmi is )5( amrof erp ieilimaf - ,ecinretot radasa amrof aec iam eirupmit ed eilimaf acsaenemo erpsed erac

    mareps as saonuc - met avec nirp luidemretni ,ieigolonte etse un aetatiucsimorp icin ,alareneg icin airotasac ed ,purg .erac acad as etse mederc iutcidrev rolec ed iam amaes ,igolonte un icin ua tatsixe ^".atadoerv a un duerF taul amaes ni etseca .jitceibo radiilopicsid iul ua ,tacrecni nid pmit ni ,pmit as agnipser elicitirc iunu rebeorK as i l

    .ikswonilaM is itsilanabisp uc eitacude acigoloportna azeG mucerp( )mieboR ua suporp ion etnemugra ed nte nidro o\o ig c ^. uN e rasecen ni martni as .atupsid atsaeca aC as

    metup aceduj tceroc aitubirtnoc al duerF iul aeregeletni .ieigiler eiubert as nrecat eitcnitsid rtni e alapicnirp as ,erirepocsed dnivirp aeeca iutneitsnocni is aerarobale

    iedotem hisp - ,ecitilana is eliinipo elas eciteroet dnivirp aenigiro is arutcurts iiteiv .esaoigiler uC aitpecxe hisp - rolitsilana a is avrotic itnatelid .itsaizutne atunitsus airoet ni

    metoT dnu a un ubaT tsof atatpecca ed aemul .acifitniits asnI aerirepocsed ni -iulutneitsnoc ed ertac a duerF tajarucni rolirulobmis luiduts is rolirutim is ae acilpxe

    laitrap luseretni nredom urtnep eliigiler is eciahra eliigolotim is elatneiro a( es v aede iam ,soj .p .)58 lucirotsI roliigiler etse rotacsonucer ni duerF iul .tdimhcS^ htworG dna nigirO

    of .pp ,snoigileR 211 - .511 .E drahlloV a tidevod ac lunemonef iulumsilabinac isi ecaf uizrit :aitirapa .fc .K na icbi lis iinr .tragttutS( s .)9391 " .tC laicoS .nosleN nimajneB

    naipotU ,ecneicS sohtyM ,"xelpmoC supideO eht dna sisylanaohcysP eht dna citylanaohcysP ,weiveR 021 :)8591( 54 - :621 reyeM ,"duerF dna ikswonilaM ,setroF

    ,.dibi .pp 721 - .541 erivirP avitcepsorter arpusa ienotsi roliigiler / 34 m arusa erac ni atseca a tartsnomed ac elinigami is elirulobmis isi acinumoc

    "lujasem raihc acad iutceibus namu erac i e azaenoitpecer etse un .tneitsnoc lucirotsI era roliigiler muca aetatrebil as acaf acituenemreh iunu lobmis araf eif iam as tioven as

    es ebertni itic izividni rtnid -o etateicos atimuna al is nu tnemom cirotsi tad uaegeletnietaot eliitacifinmes is eliitacilpmi iutseca .lobmis lumsinoitcudeR duerF iul ,eiutitsnoc

    urtnep lurotatecrec .roliigiler eracovorp nu is .lunrits lE li etselis as rof eze ni elirucnida iulucibisp as is ai ni eraredisnoc eletxetnoc is eliitizopuserp obisp - ecigol ela

    roliratsefinam eS ,esaoigiler ,enups etaop duerF iul lumsinoitcuder ac ,raihc I- tagilbo a ep acaf as roliigiler lucirotsi iam is eitcnitsid aten ertni aeec ec s- ra aetup imun

    oloirbme - eig "alautirips is eigolofrom ."alautirips a duerF ertac ed aerirepocseD iulutneitsnocni a tuva tcapmi nu tita arpusa eram ed iimul ,emedom ,ticni ,emerv

  • iititrevnoc ua itsaizutne elirolav taredisnoc elautirips is elemrof elarutluc raod ni inemret .icigoloirbme A tineved ac tnedive asni aerats aranoirbme acilpxe aetup un ludom a ed if

    la :iulutluda rtni - ,raveda lunoirbme un eitacifinmes atapac ticed sup e erac ni arusam ni ni eitaler is eitarapmoc uc .iutluda uN lusutef pxe acil ,lunro icac ed namu cificeps ludom

    ni if a emul erapa raod icnuta dnic lumo iam un ecud atnetsixe^ ^.alatef lraC vatsuG gnuJ is -a tatnuna aeritrapsed duerF ed dnicilbup neg.nuld^'l.aW dnu elobmyS red .odibiLerpS eribesoed .duerF ed gnuJ are erpmi - 2 .M .edailE yM t tsyM dna smaerD .sh e seir ,

    .rt pilihP teriaM ,kroY weN( .)0691 .p 021 .s .mru 44 / AECRIM tanois EDAILE ed atnezerp roletrof ,elanosrepsnart inu - ,elasrev ni

    aemiznuforp .iulucihisp laiceps nI esa - eliranam etnaparf ertni ,elirutim lirulobmis e is elejanosrep ecigolotinr ela ronu eraopop etatrapedni etraof elenu ed eletla I- ua tanimreted

    gnuJ ep as ezeiutsop atnetsixe iunu tneitsnocnI celoc - .vit elirutunitnoC iutseca tneitsnocni ,vitceloc a tavresbo ,gnuJ es atsefinam nirp aeec ec a le timun ."irupitehra

    a gnuJ suporp etlum iitinifed ela ,rolirupitehra anu ertnid elemitlu f u dn aeeca edarutcurts ed "tnematropmoc uas dninitrapa enuisneporp iirutan .enamu apuD .le lupitehra lapicnirp etse aleca la ,iuleniS acida la iirutcurts iitatilatot .enamu gnuJ aederc

    ,ac ni eciro luc - ,arut lunro ednit - le ec aeec nirp aenrun secorp ed eitaudividni - al aerazilaer .iuleniS urtneP ivic - aitazil ,alatnedicco lulobmis etse iuleniS rai ,sotsirH

    etse iuleniS aerazilaer ."erarapmucsar eribesoed erpS erac ,duerF ed aiuterpsid ,aigiler are gnuJ snivnoc ac atneirepxe asaoigiler era ifinmes - eitac is nu nirp ,is pocs ,eramru

    un etaop lf epxe - ataid rtnirp -o eitacilpxe ^."atsinoitcuder IE arpusa atsisni ietnelavibma rolirugif esaoigiler ( .tneitsnocni ni aS en mitnima ottO floduR ac dniircsed 92 elireircS

    iam etnatropmi ela iul gnuJ dnivirp aigiler tsof ua etapurg .lov ni 11 la rolerepO etelpmoc iul ela .G.C :gnuJ ruZ eigolohcysP rehciltsew dnu rehciltse Z( noigileR u ,hcir .)3691 izeV

    si eigolohcysP dnu eimehclA .de( a 2- ,a Z u .hcir :)2591 negnutlatseG sed netssnwebnU Z( u ,hcir :)0591 myS - kilob sed setsieG Z( u ,hcir :)3591 noV ned nlezruW eB sed

    sniestssuw Z( u ,hcir :)4591 .noiA negnuhcusretnU ruz lobmyS - ethcihcs Z( u ,hcir ,)1591 erpseD aeraterpretnI J ed atad gnu ,ieigiler .fc arI ,ffogorP s'gnuJ stI dna ygolohcysP

    ,kroY weN( gninaeM laicoS :)3591 .R ,eitsoH ehcsitylanA ne eigolohcysP tsneidsdoG thcertU( - ,neprewtnA )5591 .dart( :anamreg noigileR eid dnu gnuJ .G.C ,nehcnuM[ :)17591 ,nodnoL( ehcysP dna luoS ,etihW rotciV is .)0691 erivirP avitcepsorter arpusa

    ieirotsi roliigiler / 54 elenemonef esaonimun aedad atnatropnri esa - eraotanam ietnelavibma ).arotseca a gnuJ ,sulp ni taiduts uc alagim eliigiler eciahra is .elatneiro rai

    noc eliitubirt ua iul talunrits aeratecrec rotlum irotsi e i ia .roliigiler ottO floduR iseD un iunu arepo etse ,golohisp arbelec D ottO floduR iul a etrac O S egilieH )7191( ra aetup if

    ni tseca tsetnoc .atanoitnem uC eram .acigolohisp etatilitbus ottO eircsed is azaezilana itatiladom elesrevid ela ietneirepxe .esaonimun olonimreT - aig iul - muiretsym

    ,nrudnemert ,satsejam sym - et m.uir fa cs nani .cte s - a tineved etrap atnargetni aiuluralubacov .urtson D nI O atsisni ottO ,egilieH S epaorpa visulcxe arpsa rac iuluretca

    niD .esaoigiler ietneirepxe la lanoitarnon iiram anicirp itatiralupop a iitrac ,elas atsixe atnidnet ed a-l aredisnoc nu ottO ep ,"tsilanoitome nu tnednecsed ni einil atcerid iul la

    raD .rehcamreielhcS elirarcul ottO floduR iul tnis iam exelpmoc le is atirem iam abarged if a tivirp nu ac fozolif ieigiler la dnircul uc etnemucod ed amirp eraotirefer anim al

    airotsi a is roliigiler .iulumsicitsim a ottO tuva atneulfni iam alibarud arpusa iulucilbup tavitluc laiceps ni ,latnedicco ticed ,namreg sa arpu rolicirotsi uirporp - isiz uas roliigiler ia

    a .roligoloet a un lE tadroba amelborp iulutim a is eS^ top atic hcirnieH .remnriZ iraK

  • .iynereK hpesoJ llebpmaC yrneH is .nibroC ed .fC inemesa ,nnamueN tsnrE ethcihcsegsgnurpsrU sed sniestssuweB Z( u ,hcir 91 )94 eiD is essorG Z( rettuM u ,hcir

    .)6591 64 / AECRIM iiridnig EDAUE ,ecitim erac ua tizert nu snemi apud seretni la aeliod

    iobzar .laidnom eD ,aeeca elezilana ,libaborp ,iul leftla ,elibarimda ela roletirefidirusrevinu ,"esaoigiler .etelpmocni rap raD ottO etse nid is tnatropmi etla :inicirp le

    azaertsuli ni ec snes ra aetup airotsi roliigiler ecaojas nu lor ni aerionni iirutluc elatnedicco .enaropmetnoc a lE tarapmoc "aitaidem ertni is lanoitar atazilaer lanoitari ed

    eD etteW ni aigoloet as uc utrofe iul elir is airdnaxelA nid tnemelC negirO ed icnocer -ereil a ieifozolif enigap uc aitalever .anitserc etsE etraof libaborp ac ottO as - is if tiubirta

    iul .isusni ,ticat dom ni lulor ertni rotaidem ed oitaleuer eg - silaren is oitaleuer .silaiceps ertni aeridnig igiler - asao odni - anaira is aec ,acitimes ertni lupit is latneiro e latnedicco le

    ed eritnris ^.acitsim al eD reD gnurpsrU sed eedisettoG al aigoloportna dniC alaicos a tsof ,taiehcni ni ,5591 apud na nu al aetraom ,iulurotua settoG sed gnurpsrU reD la eedi iul mlehliW tdimhcS aramun iam ed tlum 000 11 ed !inigap uN etse iced ed erarim ac

    icirotsi initup ia ua roliigiler titic tseca snemi .tatart ni adifop rolesecxe ecimelop ni( ni laiceps ,)mulov lunrirp mucerp a is roletnidnet elas ,ecitegolopa 31 iotimiU - lu seccus

    la cilbup ed iitrac saD asudart( egilieH ni a^elgne uc luitit eht fo aedI ehT ' .yloH :)3291 ercaS eL , .dart .rf .A ed ,tdnuJ .siraP :9491 { rcaS a ,l .dart .mor naol ed ,aeliM ,julC 2991

    - l.l.N a taspilce etla etnatropmi auod itrac ela las e- tseW. - ehciltso ,kitsyM ,6291 is hcieRettoG n dnu .nhosnehcsneM 1 ;439 ni erecudart :azeigne syM t seW dna tsaE msici t )2391(

    si naM fo noS eht dna doG fo modgniK ehT .)8391( eriuirP avitcepsorter arpusa ieirotsi roliigiler / 74 etse eedisettoG sed gnurpsrU reD( .alartsigam erarcul ecirO s- ra

    ederc erpsed eliiroet tdimhcS iul dnivirp aenigiro is aeratlovzed ,roliigiler itse rotad as -i irimda atnalfeputs as eitidure is .eigrene uc tsof a tdimhcS mlehliW lunu atnarugis nid

    iec iam nam itsivgnil is igolonte ia seca - iut .loces tsof a tdimhcS uiv tanoiserpmi ed atucaf aerirepocsed werdnA ed gnaL dnivirp atnetsixe ronu naM "ieZ al eliitalupop elec

    evitimirp iam , tsof a rad taparf s i ed eletneveesnocni ecigolodotem ela iutseca ticularts tnavas naitocs ,izev( iam .soj .p .)87 al ac seletni a tdimhcS erabertni tita avisiced ed mucerp aeeca a iinigiro iiedi ed uezenmuD un es etaop ednupsar araf a ,aeva ni lunrirp

    ,dnir adotem acirotsi adilos as erac atimrep aeregnitsid is iralc aeracif roliracifitartsecirotsi ni asa - eletimun irutluc a tdimhcS .evitimirp tanoitcaer eigrene uc avirtopmi

    ecirotsina roliradroba iul ela ,rol ,rezarF miehkruD a is iitatirojam .roligoloportna a lE tsof lunu iinrirp ertnid ua erac seletni atnairopmi ieigolonte iul a ecirotsi renbearG ni is

    a laiceps iulutpecnoc ed .sierkrutluK aeracifitartS acirotsi i-a sinnep as erapes eliitidart ,eciahra raihc ."elaidromirp ed eliratlovzed is eletneulfni .eraoiretlu nI ,ieilartsuA lu^ac

    ed ,adlip a tdimhcS tacrecni as nomed - ezerts ac aeedi ietniderc rtni - nu eraM ueZ etse atatseta iam elec nid ihcev irutarts .elarutluc - pmit iii ec lumsimetot azaeziretcarac ianrun

    elirubirt iam erenit nid tcnup ;k( eredev ,larutluc aigolonte urLneP .acirotsi elirubirl nid dus - iutse A ,ieilartsu ,iiemgip elenu irubirt dron - ecitaisa is dron - ,enacirema iineigeuf tnis

    iigitsev ela ielec iam ihcev .iitazilivic tdimhcS aederc .ac dninrop 84 / AECRIM ed EDAILE al etseca elisof ,iiv es etaop iutitsnocer .alaidromirp aigiler

    urtneP ,le noigilerrU atsnoc ercni - atnid rtni - nu eraM ,ueZ ,mete ,rotacafetaota ,tneicsinmo rotacafenib is dniucol ni .rec aegart tdimhcS aizulcnoc ,ac al ,irutupecni

    atsixe erp - inednitut nu lef ed ,sumsiehtonomrU rad ac zed - aeratlov araoiretlu a rolitateicos enamu a arged - .tad ni is etlum iruzac a taretilbo ,epaorpa erc - atnid .aranigiro

  • treboR .H ,eiwoL luaP nidaR is itla igolonte tacifitnetua ua roiretlu atniderc ni atnetsixe roletnilf al emerpus eleraopop ^.eciahra aeeC ec un etaop tf tatpecca ni aeriutitsnocer

    o atarep tdimhcS ed etse aeraterpretni as visulcxe .atsilanoitar tdimhcS aredisnoc ac lunro vitimirp a tirepocsed aeedi ed uezenmuD rtnirp - nu secorp ed cigol eratuac a .iezuac lE

    ajilgen iutpaf nu etse aigiler ac tnedive nemonef etraof xelpmoc - ac ae ,etse etniani ed ,etaot atneirepxe ius sireneg utacovorp ed aerinlitni iulumo uc .lurcas are tdimhcS

    tanilcni as adaerc ac etaot eletnemele elanoitari atnizerper "erareneged a ieigiler ,elaidromirp luravedA .ecitnetua ac etse ion n- meva icin etatilibisop a ed aiduts atsaeca

    eigiler ."alaidromirp nemucoD - elet ertsaon elec iam ihcev tnis vitaler .etnecer elE unru e a ticed anip ni :citiloelap radasa marongi uc erisrivased ec aeec tot lunro citilerp a

    tutup as acsaednig pmit etlum ed etus ed iim ed .ina etsE ,taraveda ni atniderc iraM ieZ imerpus as erap ezeziretcarac am elec i ihcev ,irutluc rad malfa is atnezerp rotla etnemele esaoigiler nI .ele ni .H.R.fC^ .p ,noigileR evitimirP ,eiwoL 221 .IV .s :.mru ,nidaR .P

    ,kroY weN( elpoeP evitimirP gnomA msiehtonoM 1 ;)429 .W.A is ,siuhnewueiN reD hcsneM ed ni ,diehkylekreW 3 reelneK eny ned ni nehcs'nedieh tsneidsdoG .nedieL(

    .)0291 erivirP avitcepsorter arpusa ienotsi rolUgiler / 94 arusam erac ni metup iutitsnocer iutucert e iam le ,tatrapedni iam etse rugis as

    maredisnoc ac asaoigiler ataiv a ,tsof al ed ,tupecni iutsed xelpmoc ed ^ ac is iedi ua "etavele tatsixeoc uc "eraoirefni emrof .tluc is atniderc ed eliedI iul mlehliW

    tsof ua tdimhcS etatceroc ed iivele is iirotarobaloc s ia . 33 luap ,atsebehcS nitraM isuG edn is .M hgebrevonaV ua suda iitubirtnoc etnatropmi al aeretsaonuc roliigiler .eciahra 43 ^

    aitareneg eraotamru a isaieleca ilocS nid eiubert "aneiV itanoitnem hpesoJ ,lekeaH .rhC .v reruF - .frodnemiaH rednaxelA kiwalS is lraK J .ramtte 3 5 isoremuN onte itla ed igol

    esrevid iratneiro ua tacrecni as eiutitsnocer elirutupecni is lovzed - aerat .ieigiler .hT.K ssuerP a talutsop azaf erp -^ .fC mlehliW .sreppoK dlroW siH dna naM evitimirP

    ,kroY weN( erutciP ;)2591 mlehliW .forP ,lekeaH fesoJ stdimhcS gnutuedeB eid ruf ethcihcsegsnoigileR nehcsibmulokrov sed ,"aciremA ,muluceaS 1 :)6591( 7 - ,93 muZ

    negitueh dnatssgnuhcsroF red nehcsirotsih "eigolontE eiD ni reneiW eluhcS red ednukrekleV ,aneiV( tfirhcstseF ,)6591 .pp 71 - ,09 is ruZ negitrawnegeg

    tautissgnuhcsroF noi igolonhtE red eluhcS reneiW red c", ni egartieB shcierretseO z rugnuhcsrofrE red tiehnegnagreV dnu ethcihcsegrutluK red tiehhcsneM ,aneiV( ,)9591 .pp

    721 - .741 izeV is ecitirc elicramer floduR iul ela nnamhaR arpusa iuluigole talumrof ed rivirp uc lekeaH ni ,"eluhcS reneiW al e soporhtnA 2001 :)9591( 45 - ,6001 acilper is ac

    is lekeaH iul lusnupsar ,nnamhaR iul ,.dibi 472 :)1691( 65 - 772 ,672 - .872 oporpA ed sumsiehtonomrU la izev ,tdimhcS iul elicitirc iul .E.W ,nnamlhuM saD sed melborP

    ,"sumsiehtonomrU oloehT - ehcsig ,gnutiezrutaretiL :)3591( 87 .loc 807 mru .s ,. acilper is ni atsebehcS luaP iul A ,soporhtn 4591( 94 ':) 986 is izeV .mru .s .R ,inozzatteP saD

    ednE "sumsiehtonomrU sed nemuN 161 :)8591( 5 - .361 ^ eiD ,atsebehcS .P laiceps ni .fC otirgeN sneisA , lov 2 aetrap a 2- :a dnu noigileR eigolohtyM gnildoM( 7591 )- M

    eiD ,ednisuG dnalreueF renaidnI 2( ,gnildoM ,.lov 1391 is 35 izeV elilfargoilbib ni .pp ."noitautissgnuhcsroF negitrawnegeg ruZ ,lekeaH 141 - .541

    05 / AECRJM atsimina EDAILE erac nid ua avired t tita .aiganr tic is atniderc naM ni ^.ieZ tivirtoP iul .R atsixe ,dlawrnuhT atniderc alareneg ni aetatilarcas ina - rolelain

    )"msinroireht( ni lupnrit rolirutluc ni :"iuluseluc azaf lunrsimetot aednupseroc rolirutluc :irotaniv ed aeracifinosrep rolitatiez nirp( ).cte msinomed ,msimina aziretcarac elitateicos ,irotlucirga rolimirp rai naM ni atniderc ieZ are roleraopop acificeps ed

  • ^.irofsap .E.dA nesneJ aenup ni eitaleroc elinuiton ed ueZ rotaerc tselec ed is nipatS la rolelaminA uc elirutluc niv ,ivitimirp rolirota rai aitirapa rolitatinivid pit ed amed is rolecitamard rol iigolotim uc apuD .iirotavitlucoelap ,le aeramrofsnart rolitatinivid amed

    ni rolesrevid iiez emsietilop a tuva col elirutluc ni rtnid - o azaf .araoirepus eiuberT as maguada ac elirarcul iul tnis ed aec iam eram eraolav iam sela rolezilana eitarg rol

    eraotaci'liralc dnivirp aemul acitim rolimirp a s^.irotavitluc uC erivirp al ataiTv asaoigiler a roletirefid .eciahra iitalupop ed atsixe inemesa itrac etnatropmi esircs ed

    igolonte inanneg is ,iceirtsua srac n- ua .ill'.K"^ tartni ,ssu^rP reD.. gnurpsrU d el- ileR g noi diiil ."lsnuK .,.)^oi,( W 1( 9 40 - :)5091 reD (gilsieg rulluK rcir reklovrutaN

    '/>".^'l.i \ .^ :)4191 is nebaalG iiu d kilsuM tiri ncUahcS sedU^wl(i'^W^'^^!^l'ml! ,pi. - .in .)6291 " . .dla'.vnriul'i' seD s'^lsi^qnehcs.nef^

    Er' 4i, . nehci , iW - "ebitrl dnn nrTh ,nilreB( .)1591 .:i.lA"'' ,n'isncJ s.oD ehoiqUer W(-bh ild rllh.uKl^^hlJr'wip S( lut .ira^l ' is )S49l suhtyM dnu tluK ,' nreklovrnlaN'icb \\' "' -

  • s- tartnecnoc a arpusa lupop roliita nid elelusnI orT - :dnairb ' lurnsilanoitcnuf iiradroba elas es emetni - azai ^ ep nid etad atsaeca etrap a .iinrul nI aetrac 1 rezarF( oobaT as

    ,erutceL ,)9391 .R.A effilcdaR - nworB a suda asaoinegni eitubirtnoc al etni - aeregel roletniderc .evitimirp elilfargonoM iul ' .E.E snavE - drahctirP dna selcarO ,tfarchctiW(

    eht gnoma cigaM ,ednozA 7391 is reuN ,noigileR ,)6591 eht fo kroW ehT is mucerp ni sdoG aipokiT )0491( ,htriF dnomyaR ed arabguL noigileR )0691( ed notelddiM .J is

    fo noigileR ehT ht e akniD )1691( tdrahneiL .Ged azaertsuli aeratneiro alautca a ieigoloportna elaicos ecinatirb ertac elemelborp iul arE .evitimirp ieigiler ,roiyT is rezarF

    tteraM es as erap if :taiehcni aigoloportna un iam ataredisnoc etse aiehc ronu iram is evisiced orp - "emelb muc tnis aenigiro is aeratlovzed ed ,etsE .ieigiler ,leftla is aizulcnoc

    ienu etnecer itrac iul a ^^ urtneP erecert a atsiver ni roliiduts ocirotsi - esaoigiler nieletatS etinU , izev .M.J ,awagatiK aciremA ni snoigileR fo yrotsiH ehT ," ehT ni

    o yrotsiH f syassE :snoigileR i odohteM n l ,ygo .de .M edailE is .M.J .ogacihC( awagatiK .)9591 .pp 1 - .03 droffilC is izeV ,ztreeG "metsyS larutluC a sa noigileR , ni

    nA t oporh l leahciM .de ,noigileR fo ydutS eht ot sehcaorppA lacigo notnaB ,ardnoL( 691 .)6 erivirP avitcepsorter roliigiler ieirotsi arpusa / 35 i snavE .E.E - evitimirP fo seiroehT ,drahctirP ileR -1 noig .)5691( inozzatteP is

    eniemeglla tfahcsnessiwsnoigileR , aL iutupecni iutseca lotipac ma tanoitnem onom -1 aifarg iul eleaffaR inozzatteP irp dniv aigiler imirp - avit un ,ainidraS ni tita urtnep

    aeraolav tic ,ierepo urtnep atnatropmi araoiretlu a .iulurotua a inozzatteP tsof lunu nid iirar irotsi e i ia ua erac roliigiler taul ires e ni s eraredisnoc ienilpicsid elinuisnemid ni .elas ,tpaf a le tatuac erepoca as 1 agaertni eira a ,tfahcsnessiwsnoigileR acida a 1 iuluiduts

    a largetni i .roliigiler ^ es lE aredisnoc nu cirotsi a i 1- .roliigile dnigeletni nirp atsaeca aclusremed


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