Georgeta erban Medicamente antiprotozoarice

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CHIMIOTERAPICE ANTIINFECIOASE CU SPECIFICITATE LIMITAT

III. ANTIPROTOZOARICE

III.1. MEDICAMENTE ANTIMALARICE

- malaria agentul patogen: genul Plasmodium: P. vivax, P. ovalae

P. malariae, P. falciparum

Schema ciclului evolutiv al agentului patogen

organismul tntarului

salivsporozoit inactiv

organismul uman

(snge)

1. faza exoeritrocitartransformare n merozoit

2. faza eritrocitarmultiplicare asexuat

a merozoitilor

diferentiere n microgameti masculinimicrogameti feminini

stomacmultiplicare sexuat

macrogameti masculinimacrogameti feminini

(sporozoit)

ANTIMALARICE SCHIZONTOCIDE

ANTIMALARICE GAMETOCIDE

III.1.1. ANTIMALARICE SCHIZONTOCIDE

A. SCHIZONTOCIDE NATURALE

CHININA CHINIDINA

B. SCHIZONTOCIDE DE SINTEZ

1. Derivai de 4-aminochinolin

NCl

NH RR = CH(CH2)3

CH3

N(C2H5)2 Clorochina

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CH3

NCH(CH3)2

C2H5

CH2CH2OHHidroxiclorochina

OH

CH2 N(C2H5)2

Amodiachina

2. Mepacrina clorhidrat 3. (RS, SR) Mefloquina

NCl

NH

OCH3

CH(CH2)3 N(C2H5)2

CH3

4. Halofantrina 5. Lumefantrina

6. Artemeter

III.1.2. ANTIMALARICE GAMETOCIDE

Derivai de 8-aminochinolin

N

NHR

H3CO R = CH(CH2)3

CH3

N(C2H5)2 Plasmochina(Pamachina)

(CH2)3 N(C2H5)2 Plasmocid

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Izopentachina

Primachina

CH3

NH2 CH(CH2)3

CH3

NH CH(CH2)3 CH(CH3)2

III.1.3. ANTIMALARICE SCHIZONTOCIDE I INHIBITOARE ALE FORMRII

I MATURRII GAMEILOR

Proguanil Cicloguanil

Pirimetamina

III.2. MEDICAMENTE ANTIAMIBIENE

- amibiaza agentul patogen: Entamoeba histolytica

Clasificare antiamibiene

1. Amoebicide de contact sau lumenale active n amibiaza intestinal produs de

Entamoeba dysenterica sau E. hystolitica

- derivai halogenai de 8-hidroxichinolin: clorchinaldol, Iodochinol (diiod-

hidroxichinolina), Vioform (iod-clor-hidroxichinolin, Cliochinol), broxichinolina

- haloacetamide: teclozan, diloxanid

- compui organici ai arsenului: carbarsona, glicobiarsol

- antibiotice: paromomicine, eritromicina, tetracicline

2. Amoebicide active n amibiaza extraintestinal (tisular)

- derivai de 4-aminochinolin: Clorochina

- derivai de acridin: Mepacrina

3. Amoedicide active n amibiaza intestinal i extraintestinal

- Emetina, Dehidroemetina

- derivai de 5-nitroimidazol: metronidazol, tinidazol, ornidazol, secnidazol,

nimorazol

Cl NN

NNH2

H2N

H3C CH3

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1. AMOEBICIDE DE CONTACT SAU LUMENALE

1.1. Derivai halogenai de 8-hidroxichinolin

Clorchinaldol Broxichinolina

1.2. Haloacetamide

Teclozan Diloxanid furoat

1.3. Compui organici ai arsenului

Carbarsona Glicobiarsol

NHCONH2

AsOH

OHO

1.4. Antibiotice

Paromomicina

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2. AMOEBICIDE ACTIVE N AMIBIAZA INTESTINAL I

EXTRAINTESTINAL

Emetina Dehidroemetina

III.3. MEDICAMENTE ANTITRICOMONAZICE

- trichomoniaza agentul patogen Trichomonas vaginalis

Medicamente antitrichomonazice derivai de 5-nitroimidazol

Metronidazol Ornidazol Tinidazol

N

N

O2NCH3

CH2CH2OH

Nimorazol Secnidazol

N

N

O2NCH3

CH2CH2 N O

III.4. MEDICAMENTE ANTILAMBLIAZICE

- lambliaza (giardioza) agentul patogen Giardia lambliae

Medicamente antilambliazice = medicamente antiprotozoarice

- Clorochina, Hidroxiclorochina

- Amodiachina, Mepacrina

- Metronidazol, Tinidazol, Ornidazol

N

N

O2NCH3

CH2CHCH2Cl

OH

N

N

O2NCH3

CH2CH2SO2CH2CH3

N

N

O2NCH3

CH2CHCH3

OH