Linux Utilizare de Baza Partea 1

Securitatea Sistemelor de Calcul

Florin Anton

Linux utilizare de baza Partea 1

2

Cuprins Terminale virtuale, login & logout Utilizare tastatura & mouse Istoria de comenzi Fisiere & directoare Partitii & directoare partajate VIM Alte editoare Documentatia Linux Utilizatori si mesaje Utilitare Runlevel-uri Grub

3

Terminale Virtuale, login & logout

7 terminale virtuale (CRTL +) ALT + Fn, n=1...7

Logout: logout exit CTRL + D

Blocarea terminalelor vlock -a screen saver

4

Utilizare tastatura & mouse

Utilizare tastatura - opreste executia comenzii curente - incheierea transmisiei - completarea comenzii , - comanda

anterioara, urmatoare , - ecranul

anterior, urmator - se cauta o comanda in istoria de

comenzi

5


Utilizare Mouse (in consola) Left click: marcheaza startul unei selectii Right click: marcheaza incheierea unei selectii

Left drag: marcheaza o selectie

Middle click: se face paste la selectie

* (programul gpm trebuie se fie in executie)

6

Istoria de comenzi

history

history

!-1 !! !200

7

Fisiere & directoare //bin /boot /dev /etc /home /lib /media/mnt /opt /proc /root /sbin /tmp /usr /var...

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Fisiere & directoare

pwd od, hexdump, strings cd ls -alR, file touch, rm -irf mkdir -p, rmdir -p cat, less, more cp -R, mv, split bytes=SIZE PREFIX

9

Partitii & directoare partajate

fdisk -l mount -t fstype -o options device

mount_point umount device/mount_point /etc/fstab smbclient -L //server -N -U user%password smbmount

10


/etc/fstab

/dev/sda3 / ext3 defaults,usrquota 1 1

/dev/sda2 /boot ext3 defaults 1 2

none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

none /proc proc defaults 0 0

none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

/dev/sda1 swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/hda /media/cdrom auto owner,noauto,ro 0 0

/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto owner,noauto 0 0

11

VIM Comenzi vi

Moduri (Comanda: ESC, Edit: i, Ex: ':') Deplasare cursor la nivel de caracter (sageti, sau h,k,l,j) Deplasare cursor la nivel de linie/fisier (^,$, 1G, G) Undo: u Cut: dd, 2dd, 5dd, etc Copy: yy, 2yy, 5yy, etc Paste: p Cautare: /pattern Cautare & Inlocuire: 1,$s/old/new/g

%s/old/new/g

12

VIM

Comenzi vi Iesire fara salvare: :q Iesire fortata: :q! Salvare: w Salvare fortata: w! Salvare si iesire: :wq

13

VIM Optiuni vi

:set all :set number/nonumber :set ignorecase/noignorecase :set tx/notx :set hlsearch/nohlsearch :syntax on/off

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Alte editoare nano, pico, jed, mcedit gedit, kedit, kate

15

Documentatia Linux

man man -k, apropos, makewatis info HOWTO command --help /usr/share/doc Internet

16

Documentatia LinuxNAME

man - format and display the on-line manual pages

SYNOPSIS

man [-acdfFhkKtwW] [--path] [-m system] [-p string] [-C config_file] [-M pathlist] [-P pager] [-S section_list] [section] name ...

DESCRIPTION

man formats and displays the on-line manual pages. If you specify section, man

............................................

OPTIONS

-C config_file

Specify the configuration fi

SEE ALSO

apropos(1), whatis(1), less(1), groff(1), man.conf(5).

BUGS

The -t option only works if a troff-like program is installed.

FILES

..............................................................

17

Documentatia Linux

Sectiuni Man

Sectiune Topica1 Comenzi disponibile utilizatorilor2 Apeluri sistem (Unix si C)3 Rutine din libraria C4 Nume speciale de fisiere5 Formate si conventii pentru fisiere6 Jocuri7 Pachete de procesare de ti Word processing8 Comenzi si proceduri pentru administrarea sistemului9 Kernel

18

Utilizatori si mesaje

who, whoami, who am i finger

echo

write, wall, talk, mesg y/n

19


[root@station ~]# finger florin

Login: florin Name: Florin ANTON

Directory: /home/florin Shell: /bin/bash

Never logged in.

Mail forwarded to \[email protected]

Mail last read Fri Oct 30 12:19 2009 (EET)

No Plan.

20

Utilitare find locate, updatedb cut, grep, egrep, sort head, tail type, which, whereis gzip, gunzip, zcat, bzip2, bunzip2, tar

21

Runlevel-uri /etc/inittab init id:5:initdefault

reboot, poweroff, shutdown

startx

22

Grubdefault=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

password --md5 $1$oEzI/y7l$owGqE5UhbY6ofd/YtxAjr.

title CentOS-4 i386 (2.6.9-42.ELsmp)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-42.ELsmp ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

initrd /initrd-2.6.9-42.ELsmp.img

title CentOS-4 i386-up (2.6.9-42.EL)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-42.EL ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

initrd /initrd-2.6.9-42.EL.img

23

Bibliografie

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Deployment Guide

http://www.tldp.org

Securitatea Sistemelor de Calcul

Florin Anton

Linux utilizare de baza Partea 1

2

Cuprins Terminale virtuale, login & logout Utilizare tastatura & mouse Istoria de comenzi Fisiere & directoare Partitii & directoare partajate VIM Alte editoare Documentatia Linux Utilizatori si mesaje Utilitare Runlevel-uri Grub

3

Terminale Virtuale, login & logout

7 terminale virtuale (CRTL +) ALT + Fn, n=1...7

Logout: logout exit CTRL + D

Blocarea terminalelor vlock -a screen saver

4


Utilizare tastatura - opreste executia comenzii curente - incheierea transmisiei - completarea comenzii , - comanda

anterioara, urmatoare , - ecranul

anterior, urmator - se cauta o comanda in istoria de

comenzi

5


Utilizare Mouse (in consola) Left click: marcheaza startul unei selectii Right click: marcheaza incheierea unei selectii

Left drag: marcheaza o selectie

Middle click: se face paste la selectie

* (programul gpm trebuie se fie in executie)

6

Istoria de comenzi

history

history

!-1 !! !200

7

Fisiere & directoare //bin /boot /dev /etc /home /lib /media/mnt /opt /proc /root /sbin /tmp /usr /var...

8

Fisiere & directoare

pwd od, hexdump, strings cd ls -alR, file touch, rm -irf mkdir -p, rmdir -p cat, less, more cp -R, mv, split bytes=SIZE PREFIX

9


fdisk -l mount -t fstype -o options device

mount_point umount device/mount_point /etc/fstab smbclient -L //server -N -U user%password smbmount

10


/etc/fstab

/dev/sda3 / ext3 defaults,usrquota 1 1

/dev/sda2 /boot ext3 defaults 1 2

none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

none /proc proc defaults 0 0

none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

/dev/sda1 swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/hda /media/cdrom auto owner,noauto,ro 0 0

/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto owner,noauto 0 0

11

VIM Comenzi vi

Moduri (Comanda: ESC, Edit: i, Ex: ':') Deplasare cursor la nivel de caracter (sageti, sau h,k,l,j) Deplasare cursor la nivel de linie/fisier (^,$, 1G, G) Undo: u Cut: dd, 2dd, 5dd, etc Copy: yy, 2yy, 5yy, etc Paste: p Cautare: /pattern Cautare & Inlocuire: 1,$s/old/new/g

%s/old/new/g

12

VIM

Comenzi vi Iesire fara salvare: :q Iesire fortata: :q! Salvare: w Salvare fortata: w! Salvare si iesire: :wq

13

VIM Optiuni vi

:set all :set number/nonumber :set ignorecase/noignorecase :set tx/notx :set hlsearch/nohlsearch :syntax on/off

14

Alte editoare nano, pico, jed, mcedit gedit, kedit, kate

15

Documentatia Linux

man man -k, apropos, makewatis info HOWTO command --help /usr/share/doc Internet

16

Documentatia Linux

NAME

man - format and display the on-line manual pages

SYNOPSIS

man [-acdfFhkKtwW] [--path] [-m system] [-p string] [-C config_file] [-M pathlist] [-P pager] [-S section_list] [section] name ...

DESCRIPTION

man formats and displays the on-line manual pages. If you specify section, man

............................................

OPTIONS

-C config_file

Specify the configuration fi

SEE ALSO

apropos(1), whatis(1), less(1), groff(1), man.conf(5).

BUGS

The -t option only works if a troff-like program is installed.

FILES

..............................................................

17

Documentatia Linux

Sectiuni Man

Sectiune Topica1 Comenzi disponibile utilizatorilor2 Apeluri sistem (Unix si C)3 Rutine din libraria C4 Nume speciale de fisiere5 Formate si conventii pentru fisiere6 Jocuri7 Pachete de procesare de ti Word processing8 Comenzi si proceduri pentru administrarea sistemului9 Kernel

18


who, whoami, who am i finger

echo

write, wall, talk, mesg y/n

19


[root@station ~]# finger florin

Login: florin Name: Florin ANTON

Directory: /home/florin Shell: /bin/bash

Never logged in.

Mail forwarded to \[email protected]

Mail last read Fri Oct 30 12:19 2009 (EET)

No Plan.

20

Utilitare find locate, updatedb cut, grep, egrep, sort head, tail type, which, whereis gzip, gunzip, zcat, bzip2, bunzip2, tar

find PATH -name 'test*' -print -exec file {} \; -ok file {}\;

-type f d-size +n

-nnc

-mtime +x-x x

-perm onummode

-user user-newer ref.file-o-a

cut -f -d filescut -c filesgrep -vclniwf '.*[a-x]^ax$''sort -t(delim) -k field -drn file

21

Runlevel-uri /etc/inittab init id:5:initdefault

reboot, poweroff, shutdown

startx

22

Grubdefault=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

password --md5 $1$oEzI/y7l$owGqE5UhbY6ofd/YtxAjr.

title CentOS-4 i386 (2.6.9-42.ELsmp)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-42.ELsmp ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

initrd /initrd-2.6.9-42.ELsmp.img

title CentOS-4 i386-up (2.6.9-42.EL)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-42.EL ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

initrd /initrd-2.6.9-42.EL.img

23

Bibliografie

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Deployment Guide

http://www.tldp.org

NSS - Course 1AgendaSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22ReferencesNSS - Course 1AgendaSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22References

Linux Utilizare de Baza Partea 1

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Transcript of Linux Utilizare de Baza Partea 1