-,-;J

f!

CASCADE CA1IERNS

Ever tlnoc nan took bla ffulct rtap 1n thc coutrysldc aroundthc prcccnt dry town of Boernc, Toxas-, Crgoedc Cevenna bar bcOntheli for b1r ilploratton and u.rc, Thc cavsrnt ero forrncd lnroakr datlng betrocn ?0 rnd 135 nllllon ycars oldo l'btr ls dctcr-nlned by tbi egc of abcll t tn tbs cclllng and otbcr elreedycstrbllihcd ooinclatlon cnltcnleo The dete of csve fornatlon rasJ.lkcly rltbln tbc Pleigtoocnc (1 t ntll lon yeare)"

Early llcraa lnhebltants, nost llkcly Apacbe, uscd only tlcflnat 500- fcct of tbs oavc; beyond that polnt lt rar oonpXctclyflllc& rltb uetcr. Ttra only entranoe rag the preeend day Peepln tbc Deep rhlab lnvolvcd i hernorllg 60 foot dcgocnt-by ropc.Iaddcr froi thc aru'faoc to thc oevc floon. ltc praacat day crtranccfor tour! fla! not thcn largc cnougb for nrn to paaa through: - ThcIndlan pnobebly ugcd the oave for dwelllng and rnccttng.sr but bacsugeof theli auperitltlons probrbly dld not venturc lnto the caye paeta polnt flom nblob tbcy sould ece 1lgbt fron thc outaldco Tbcsobt found on thc rtdol of tlro naturil oblnney ln the -cavc 1nd1-'eate ftrea bad bcen bullt ln tbe oavc for oooling anfon for heetand 11ght. Ore book urltten about Csgcade Cavennl tcllr of g ber*nlt rytro ltred 1n tbs cs"o anound 1832 aftcn be had becn Jlltbd byhtr gklfrlend. Eunn bonas end e vlntrge platol found la thc caveere thougbt to belong to ihe benuit e3.tbougb no real cvldcnoc Bub-stentletag thc stor.y" It 1r elso nurorcd that durlng thc CldXtfero Unlon syqetbizcr uged the oavc--thcn born ac iEcrtgrtl Cevctr--for r hiding pl'aoe fnon Confcderetc coldlcrs" Slnoe the tora ofBocnnc rag eettLed, pcopls of all egor bevs uged tbe oave end tbagunnoturdtng arer for e playground and ploalo 8!oro

In 1927 Dr" Eeaten eold the property to !lr" aad lbrgo AlfredOrry, ths ounnant orncnE" D?o Fr.anh Nloholson, tbe flnet realerplor.er of tbe cave, obtalned pennlsslon fron tbe orncr to sr-plore Hclterrr Cava. F€ pXaoed a flasbllght ln a frult Jar andswen through underwater portlong of the cave, aurfaotng rherc hefound alr pocksts. After aeclng thc othsn portlona of-tbc clvc,D,lP. Nlcholaon rcallzsd lts oowrenctal potentlal and undcrtook planafon devsloprneat. llabolson end a flnanclel backer nancd Dakc-fonmed the Cageade Cavenna Conporatlon and Leegsd the ar6r fironHFo and li[:'s" Gnay ultb tbe stlpulatlon that the co;poratlon oouldsell tbe loage and lnprovenents. A group norksd tot 25 monthcaleanlng out debrls from tha cave and laylng walk;ayo thus anabilngtbe eavo to be oponod tn the mld-3Ots.

Probleng leten aros6 bstueen Draka and NlchoJ.con rhlob ro-auLted ln thc eale of the leaeg to a Mro Pe8orson of ltlnnerpolleoMlnnegota. uhE Lept tbe cevo for fl,ve JreerE and then sold i;o aUr" L'lndberg who kept tt for 12 yeare" Nettber. Petcrgon nonLlndbeng dld my extenslve development on tbe proocrty" A lqr.BaLlou bought the lease from Llndberg and nade lnprovcnentl foethe next ten yea:"s" Floodlng lrr i954 foncea the Lloslng of tbeeev€o A clause ln the leeee contnact ctatsd that l f the savor;es not 1n sonttnuous corunerslal oper.atlon the leagc rould revertto !{n, en,il Flrgo Gray" Thls atlpu}atlon eausod Ballou to scll hlaleess to Mr*" Brldges, thc presant onner and devel.oper of tbe ersap

GEOLOOY OF CASCADE CA!'CAD8 CAVENNS

Cessadc Crvcrns ls Looatcd ln Xcndall Cousty tro-tcnthr atl.crtoutb of Clbolo Crcck and one end oDe-belf'nllcr north cast ofIntcrutatc fO" Ibc cntrenc. to tbe oeycrnt k epprorlnatcly 1340fccG eborc rca lcvcl aad 1r rltuatcd la the lorcr ncibcr of thcOlon Rose llnertonc, Trlalty Btoupr Cournobc carlcr, Crcteocoutsylten. fbe e"orage tblokncrg of thc loncr ncnbcn 1r thrcc bun.-drcd fcct.

|rbe lorar nembsr lc dlvldcd lnto tlo unitr. Tbc lorer tralt1r nortly nasslvo ledgc-fornlng llnestonc oomprlscd of cbcll frag-nentr ln a llnc nudstone or rparry oalslte netrl: rltb lntcrbods ofclay. tbls untt ls rubJcct to nuob varlatlon tn thlokncta rnd kuoually rcoognlzcd by aporadlo nudlst and coral rccf dcporltr andthc devclopmcnt of ccvcrel orvcs lo tbe arca. ttc uppcr unlt oEu-ally oontalnc flaslLo dolonttlo abale and dolonlta bcdg ln ltrlorer palt and alternatlng bsdg of olay and llmcstoac ln tbc uppcrputo '

Ibe cave ls Jolnt contnollcd end ln u-any plaocr glvcr tbrtlluclon of faultlng but no Ecesurablc dlaillaocncnt hrc bocnnotlscd" ?erncabtllty of tbc uppsr roon 1r vcny blgb duc to rscfdevclopment. t'hc Lorsr roon lr uuah drler nerly llhcrtonc rlthsottc occulrllcnoa of lpan oclcltc ncplaoonant. Fosallr la tbclorar roon ene tentetlvcly ldeotlflcd ae clyphgre bclytdelsnrla"

1665 fsst frm tbc oavern entrrencc lc a Jolat oontrollcdclakhols tnendlng eouthrcet craotly parallct ittu oac of tbcnrJor Jolnts ln thc rnein oaycrn. llro Bntdgcr, nrnagcD of thccavernlr bcllevcl that tbe rlnl and tbc crycrD! arg oooDcotcdlborcver, dug to tbs bulI of ecuba tenkg, a diver ra! uaablc tbaeocnteln uhettrsr tbcnc lc r oonncctlon. lbc rtnt 1r latcrcrttagbccausc of, tta vcrtlcel ralls and tbc ooourrcnoo of nray rudletld-forslle. A napplng crcn bas deternrlned that the rlah eifandr for.121? fert and bCc C totel deptb ot 76 fcst,

rcfcrcnsc: n0av-c_lr lanlt, end Oround lfetenn, S,A.S.O.S. Bullctln,

St. lr[ary's Unlvenalty Geologloal Soclrty, 1923"

IIATCTI& ffirtr, mAt

trrtd bil. lttaEm

bFrdErvlt QrD hlo D'19('

Mfirn 2t-fDt t {il

toct i rppcurtrtrly nE a]ln d rf lrr of,f t[r fl r r drrly rrtprlrrtr rr-. b ldrru8 l*tftL. rtp.t b tffrt|r S n lf th npgr {F aai tb rtb r frlr(!. bil tr nprtd tS r hnt t o .f &art nf lptlr tlrt rhr tb crlo Ur br flr rrrl lrtt f b* rtl|ld&, btg eC !b b tr b b frd lr ry ollrlll* rf h at lr cdterar rllr brlr f rtinl lht tb iil Clil. ttl'rut br r cnh ltrt bf, rt llrratt r lte

I br tt pfa cl? ttu {rtm cf lb mdrl rctln ra ffia lt t b rlilfrG Hra *d ftftf 1uft It t, rti tht th cnr atln Dqrd tlltpobt rd s b rpttr$ nft by r*lf *'a otria3 lnr$ tb ndrcrf r errp pel. I h'rr rur Od q'ra t hr b ft B

'rt d tL of,Rldrb

rt th ca tlrtfy rdba t ld : I rar ffi qtrrtlr q *r br nforrtlmr, tuo rct-.-l r tb rt lf b trr rffbetr.b. h t$tf dtatrlrt lr tb rru:f rpfnf

-fif tllr Gilf th rrtsft prU; d brd,f tt

:!lr la I drr rt Frcr tib Grn rfqn Grreprr 1- r tL it rlf., dgtrr r{.r tr ncfrtlm rr b U,r nlrt d bttartlne tillr tb rfdarsd rtne lrr o r'lte c r * !f ryntr F&|r b. rt trc ietllob prlp 4E r Etr rf

-ilt

edrf tr tb rlb tht cfrrflr llll$tn tbirrtr oilE

lb tdL *g tI Flrot hli rm d'nrttr.y tbr.l tlb orrr I bltn Ib ltLnfy tlbc tDr bflcn th& tr r rrlr of h{tr, td-hf ht*rf ndtrtlf tbltf * fb, dlr : dtrb al- d tfi rfl b*r tg LHt pcllb tht' tb lr ctli b trct a tr |rb oGt r of ttdr tldt. bcrttlr tr ruly r tH ht d rd&ifr drgf;!r* b n plrc. & Crnfbi a tll rf hrt tr-ftrr d stbr rf :b qDF ln rr r ddltrrrrtcntr tt rrl br r frldr! pn|lr F b lqr r-rb lr b rr trrbt tb rfrdff rb6rd tI hl3. ffi r hlt &r pr tlntA b m,d uUdfy sF- I drMDf hdrr f! tb drtm of tb clr, I Er r&rDt' h ctdoff 1t b rt tb ffm hf,f. ltrlf. I uIrS tfrtlIlrdo orydr tb m |t fi Intb, h$ I-t Dt h ft[' erulo

I t !t tlt* tb rrr b rrbn @ I b rC r Gdrslrarp cf66

Dth

7q -1t9

l**4r^^ I\,-J'a-AQUATIC TROGLOBITES 0F Tt lE GUADALUPE - CIB0t0 AREA, KBNDALL & COMAL COUNTIES

AMPII IP0Di = 'b i furcatus: 1)Cave Without a Narne (Kendal l Co. )

2)Schnelder Ranch Cave (Kendal I Co.-q. . longlpes.: I ) Cave I{ l thour a Name (endernlc? )S. de. ' lec tus : 1) Cascade Caverns (Kendal l County )S. russel l i : l ) Cascade Caverns

dlJ€43*S*:*spp.: As yer unldentt f ied or undescr lbed:/ f t "1 ldbqrr l r

i ] 'on"r creek cave,: : l " l . i l ; )p"rr)

3)Badweather Pl t (Comal Co. )

reddel l1: I ) Cascade Caverns (endenlc ? )

Eurycea lat l tans: I ) Cascade Caverns systemE. t r idenr i fera: l )Badweather pir

2)Grosserf s Pi t (Comal Co. )3)Honey Creek Cave

(-8. t r ldent i fera is found in several other caves inthe area. Honey creek cave ls the only cave in theGuadalupe basin knosn to contal .n th is specles.)

tenes : I ) A1 zafar Water Cave (Kendal lF

1)SchneLder Ranch Cave: I ) l {oney Creek Cave ( tentat lve identt f tcatLon)

co. )2) Cave Ll i thour a Name3)Benderrs Cave (Cona1 Co.)

( l l . neotgngg is apparent ly found at an ear ly stageof t rogl0bi tLc adaptat ion ln several caves. otherpopulat ions show no observable adaptat lon comparedto the common eplgean populat ions.)

IS0P0DS Co..^rf.d.a

C.l ro la,nides sp.

PLANARIANSSp hal lop lana

SALAMANDERS

neo

Texas cave$ IocatNatural Bridge Caverns close to

by Randy Hughes

There was a time, let'ssay about l40 mil l ionyears ago, when thissubject wouldn't even havecome up -- even i f therewere people and theycould read. write and talk.

As a matter of fact, if therewere people back then,they would probably havebeen sai l ing over the veryspots th is story isconcerned with, since al lofNorth America was onceinundated by water.B,ut that is not t l te case

today, and during that 140mil l ion years, two areas,known as Natural BridgeCaverns and CascadeCaverrrs were f onr re'< l. Bol lrare locled wit lr in ;r t ; l tot ldr ive of San Antonio.

t lp unti l ahotrt 20 yearsago lor Natural Bri t . lg3e arrd50 years ago lor Cascade,l lrc.:c lwo L.rve :, wLlr0 r(,

more than providers ofspeleothems for speleolo-gists to study speleology(cave formations.for cavestudiers to study).Today, they are twg of

seven caves in Texas opento the public. There are3,000 mapped caves in thestate.

Natural Bridge Caverns isprobably the best known ofthe two. Opened July 3,1964, the cave wasdesignated a StateHistorical Site Dec. 71967, and a NationaiNatr-rral Landmark Apr i l 8,197 3.

The beauti ful formationswit l r in t l re cavern havedrawrr visi tors fronr al l 50stales atrr l c)0 fore' igrr( :0t l l l l t l ( !q.

Nanred for a geological

fornrat iorr iu the shapo o{ an;r tur ; r l l r r i r lg,e at t l t t 'err l ra i lco, l l re cave wa" '

t l r , r nvr. t r l r l [ ! l , r rc l t i ' / ,

1960, by four. spelunkersfrom St. Mary's University--Preston Knodell, OrionKnox Jr., Al Brandt and JoeCantu -- on the NaturalBridge Ranch, and laterdeveloped by Jack Burch,Harry Heidemann, Re-ginald Wuest and Knox.Since then. i t has become

one of the three foremostcaves in the country andthe largest in Texas. Butbecoming one of thebiggest and best was noteasy.

iiard WorkDevelopnrent began ir-r

March 1962 and in someplaces i5 st i l l cont inuing. l thas included thousarr<ls ofman-hours, nt i les ofeler: l r ical wir i r rg, lo l r . l r , Istct- ' l artcl corrcrctr: . ;r trr lthousands of dol lars.

Scrrne of the wor i , .i r rc luded t . ly t tant i I r t r11 i t r ter l t farrce -- whic l r rvns I I

conlhttrcd rrrt l)nP.r! 6

...This 9O-foot waterfall gavo CascadoCavome itrLocatod outside Boorne, Crscade isono of noyorirr foxas open to tho publh.

t l f , r t r : l r lovrr l , " in lhe "The Cast le ol the White Giants." is

i t t : l t t t t t ' n l l l r l t t ! iA1f lS of cxatt tp les Ol lnOl6er l la l t l lo 'S, ; r r l r l l r t , r t r r r ;ut l r r r r r r l iwork al Nalural Br idge Cavenrs.

ru{ I r0NAl ASS0( t / \ i l ( ; ; i/ \ r

'v t R I rsrNG I t { [ ] l rs i l t l t5

r !107 Br.Ai lco ROAt) DISTRIEIJTED FREE EVERY THURSDAY TO MORE THAN 125,OOO HOMES TELEPHONE 736

THE NORTHSIDE

A WEEI(LY PAPER DEVOTED TO COMIT|UNITY SENVICE SINCE T95}

vot. xxvl l No. 34 SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS MARCH I

l

r . , j r r" : .$

ffffi"Ji1:,#f3!n lL'J.,Tl;{"{F il'u,;;i;! Ti;;;il;"k

"tlouitt uiet'i '!o.lf'd, ;Ig5Br3unfeld' ;''

i;;i -;;

dav; buildins- j Ng!u.r!::Bridse Caverns' '

152-lbotbridgeonthesidF:i 'whrcn also hos ?|l o]rlff ial :

of a sheer cliff that crossei : park forichilditin-' a snac^fr.*1'

gfl r'd['ffi i'fl '"llT]l'*i3iirii3*l,l?8+itffi liii " ' l ' i : . '

;l"ii'f; f; il";:i: #ilf ' Iffi ; -6il-dri.Jnii lir ;i;..!, i r "'9.":, -c:l!td^l' o oen eo to r

briiir,":"*"rt-t ".

-uu"n trom rb drir: to o p.m.it:is,; businebs',considerablv

roU*t*l*itd':l'*'dr**p:Tr;rli,,$l$iif$l'r+oiilti"llniorgh 3oo 1gs1

.ldailY,

of eartF'to maie an exit. Labol

the oublic. thousands of r I '65.1'6101;:;.obeatitif u I u ndergidundf-Natural; Bridgdi':

cavern rincludes