54

arCil CaCxiani

konstantine didi

keisar konstantines sruli saxeli iyo flavius valerius avrelius konstantine – konstan-tine I, konstantine didi (laT. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus). mas arasodes hqonia uxeSi, ga-uparsavi wveri, pirquSi gamoxedva, romlis gareSec manamde arc erTi keisari ar gamousaxavT. klasikuri formis qarizmatuli Tavi mis keTilSobilebasa da simkacreze mianiSnebda. didi mbrZanebluri Tvalebi ki Sinagan Zalas asxivebdnen.

konstantine didi iyo Zlieri da maRali, didi, muqi TvalebiT. mxolod fragmentebiRa Se-morCa mjdomare monumenturi qandakebidan, romelic mis pativsacemad dadges – ori terfi, marjvena wvivi, marjvena xeli, zemoT mkacrad apyrobili saCvenebeli TiTiT, marjvena mxari da mkerdis patara nawili, STambeWdavi Tavi, gamokveTili didi cxviriTa da gluvi, energiulad win wamoweuli nikapiT. qandakeba ipoves romSi 1486 wels, maqsenciusis bazilikis dasavleT afsida-Si. es aris gamosaxuleba kacisa, romelmac am eklesiis mSenebloba Tavisive sicocxleSi daasru-lebina. am monumenturi qandakebis SemorCenil detalebs unda vumadlodeT, rom raRac warmod-gena mainc gvaqvs adamianze, romelsac bizantielema ̀ didi~ Searqves.

konstantine didi ukanono Svili iyo, Tumca udidesi, miTiuri figura gaxda da mis Sesaxeb Taobebma uamravi legendac Seqmnes. konstantines kulturulma wreebma metsaxelad „didi“ Se-arqves. igi daibada ax. w. 270-288 wlebs Soris qalaq naisSi, zemo meziis provinciaSi, dRevandel

istoria

Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus

da mulvios brZola –,,am niSniT gaimarjveb!“

55

konstantine didi da mulvios brZola

Gaius Aurelius

Valerius Diocletianus

saqme isaa, rom 285 wels imperatorma di-okletianem imperiis marTvis gasaadvileb-lad axali sistema, e.w. tetrarqia, daawesa, romlis mixedviTac, saxelmwifos saTaveSi idga ara erTi, aramed erTdroulad oTxi mmarTveli. or maTgans ewodeboda avgustu-si (ufrosi imperatorebi), danarCen ors ki – keisari (umcrosi imperatorebi). gaTvla iyo, rom 20 wlis Semdeg ufrosi imperato-rebi uars ityodnen taxtze, umcrosi impe-ratorebis sasargeblod, da es ukanasknel-nic maleve moZebnidnen TavianT Semcvle-lebs. imave 285 wels diokletianem Tana-mmarTvelad maqsimiane airCia, samarTavad imperiis dasavleTi nawili gadasca, Tavis-

serbeTSi. dedamisi, elene, sajinibos mosam-saxure iyo, mama – romis imperatori kons-tancius I qlorusi, romlis Sesaxeb bevri cnobaa keisar diokletianes „tetrarqiaSi“. konstantines mSoblebi daqorwinebuli ar yofilan.

Tvis ki aRmosavleTi daitova. tetrarqiis mixedviT, 293 wels avgustusebma TavianTi memkvidreebi airCies. erT-erTi iyo galiis yofili prefeqti da konstantines mama – konstanciusi (konstancius I qlorusi). meo-re adgili galeriuss ergo, romelic male iqca qristianTa usastikesi devnis moTaved. 305 wels, tetrarqiis damyarebidan 20 wlis Semdeg, orive avgustusi gadadga da kons-tancius I qlorusi da galeriusi imperiis TanammarTvelebi gaxdnen (pirveli – dasav-leTSi, meore ki – aRmosavleTSi). am droi-saTvis konstanciuss janmrTeloba ukve sag-rZnoblad hqonda Seryeuli da mis Tanammar-Tvels imedi hqonda, rom konstanciusi male mokvdeboda. sikvdilis win konstanciusma, romelic britaneTSi imyofeboda, Tavisi Svilis – konstantines naxva moindoma, rome-lic am droisaTvis faqtobrivad mZevlad iyo aRmosavleT imperiaSi. galeriusi Tavs ikavebda konstantines mamasTan gagzavnisa-gan, radgan eSinoda jariskacebs igi avgus-tusad ar gamoecxadebinaT – es ar Sedioda mis gegmebSi. galeriuss konstanciusis ad-gilas Tavisi kacis – flavius severusis – dayeneba da am gziT mTeli imperiis damorCi-leba surda.

Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius Herculius

Augustus

gaius avrelius valerius diokletiane (laT. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus), dabade-biT dioklusi (laT. Dioclus) (245-313 w.w.) – romis imperatori 284-305 wlebSi. man daasrula romis imperiaSi III saukunis ekonomikuri, savaWro-fi-nansuri da politikuri krizisi, daamyara mtkice mmarTveloba da gaauqma is fiqcia, romlis Tanax-madac imperatori mxolod senatorTa Soris pir-vel senatorad iTvleboda (e.w. princepsi). am re-formebiT diokletianem daiwyo axali epoqa ro-mis istoriaSi.

konstantines mamis – konstancius I qlorusis gamosaxuleba monetaze

Herculius Augustus

istoria

maqsimiane

Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus

galeriusi

Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus

samxedro tribuni (laT. Tribunus militum) – romaul legionSi sameTauro Semadgenloba. romis saxlmwifos imperiis epoqaSi TiToeul legions hyavda TiTo samxed-ro tribuni senatorTa Semadgenlobidan – tribunlaq-tilaviusi (legatis Semdeg Tanamdebobrivad meore pi-ri, romelic tunikaze farTo, mewamuli feris arSias atarebda).

Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus

flavius severusi

eqvsi wlis ganmavlobaSi romSi Za-laufleba uzurpator, avxorc maq-sentiuss epyra. xalxisa da pretoria-nelTa gvardiis mxardaWeriT man Ta-vi keisrad gamoacxada. Tu mis Tana-medrove istorikos evsebi kesari-

els davujerebT, maqsentiusis sayvareli saqmianoba iyo pativce-

muli daqorwinebuli qalebis oja-xebisgan mowyveta, maTTan garToba da

isev meuRleebisTvis dabruneba. ro-

konstantinem mainc moaxerxa mamasTan Casvla da 306 wels, mamis sikvdilis Semdeg, iorkSi armiam

konstantine imperatorad gamoacxada. galeriuss am realobasTan Segueba mouwia da im sababiT, rom konstantine jer Zalian axalgazrda iyo, mxolod

keisrad aRiara, avgustusad ki mainc severusi daniSna. konstantine formalurad flavius se-veruss eqvemdebareboda, magram realurad saq-me sxvagvarad iyo. galiaSi, sadac konstantine

imyofeboda, misi erTguli legionebi idgnen da mmarTvelobis liberaluri formis gamo mosax-

leobac mas emxroboda. flavius severuss ki aseTi myari mdgomareoba ar hqonda.

qvemoT SevexebiT da gagacnobT erT moments kacob-riobisa da konstantine didis istoriidan, rodesac mavanTa Secdomam sruliad moulodneli Sedegebi

gamoiRo, Secdomas, romlis `damsaxurebiTac~ konstantinem didi saxeli, Zalaufleba da di-deba moipova.

Tavdapirvelad konstantine dasavleTis gamgebeli iyo, Semdeg ki, 13 weli erTpirovnulad marTavda uzarmazar imperias. Tavisi warmatebuli karieriTa da ocdaaTwliani mmarTvelobis periodiT konstantinem Tavisi yvela winamor-bedi daCrdila, garda keisar oqtaviane avgustusisa. Tana-medroveebi konstantines aRweren, rogorc „iRblians da yve-la keisarze ufro RvTismoSiSsa da Zlevamosils“. 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi erTmmarTvelobisTvis gaCaRebul omebSi kons-tantines iRbali da warmateba marTlac mudmivad Tan sdevda, rasac misi samxedro niWi da politikuri moqnilobac emate-

boda...

56

ca mosaxleobaSi mRelvarebam ifeTqa, pretorianelebma keisris brZanebiT xocva-Jleta moawy-ves da eqvsi aTasze meti romaeli mokles. arc erT keisars ar surda maqsentiusi kanonier mbrZa-neblad eRiarebina, maT Soris, arc konstantines. im droisaTvis kostantines daqvemdebarebaSi mxolod dasavleTi provinciebi iyo britaneTis, espaneTisa da galiis CaTvliT, misi reziden-cia mdebareobda trirSi. konstantinem 312 wlis gazafxulze Tavis patara laSqarTan erTad ga-dalaxa alpebi (rogorc 500 wliT adre – hanibalma). am laSqrobis mizani iyo ara religiuri omi, aramed maqsentiusis romidan gandevna.

konstantines mcirericxovani jari erTguli, brZolisunariani, momzadebuli meomrebisa-gan, umetesad galebisa da germanelebisagan, Sedgeboda. Tumca, kargad gamagrebul romamde grZeli gza iyo da maTi marSi arc ise usafrTxo aRmoCnda. konstanti-nem sastiki brZolebiT moaxerxa CrdiloeT italiis damorCile-ba. pirveli didi brZola man turinTan gadaixada, sadac maq-sentiusis mZime kavaleria daamarcxa. veronasTan gamar-Tul meore brZolaSic, sadac maqsentiusis jarebs ukve pretorianelTa prefeqti ruricius pompianusi sard-lobda, konstantinem did warmatebas miaRwia. ruricius pompianusi brZolaSi mokles, CrdiloeTi italia ki konstantines miemxro. misi laSqari romisken daiZra da 312 wlis Semodgomaze mdinare tibrs miadga. cota xniT adre romSi avreliusis mier aSenebuli qalaqis galavani gaamagres. maqsentiusma didZali marcvle-uli moimaraga, raTa xangrZlivi alyisTvis gaeZlo. man moarRvia mdinare tibrze gadebuli mulvios xi-dis Sua nawili da droebiTi xis konstruqciiT Secva-la, romlis moSorebac swrafad SeiZleboda. faqtob-rivad, romi Zlier, auRebel cixe-simagred iqca.

pretorianuli gvardia an, ubralod, pretorianele-bi (laT. Praetoriani) – romis imperatorebis piradi mcvele-bi. es dasaxeleba ixmareboda romis respublikis periodidan. romSi sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dasacavad oqtaviane avgustus-ma Seqmna pretorianelTa 9 kohorta, TiToeuli 1000 jariska-cis SemadgenlobiT. aqedan sami kohorta uSualod romSi iyo ganlagebuli, danarCeni ki, qalaqTan axlos. da yvelaze mTavari – romsa da mTlianad italiaSi iaraRis tarebis ufleba mxolod pretorianelebs hqondaT da samsaxurSic mxolod italielebs iRebdnen. isini jarebis privilegirebul nawils warmoadgend-nen, regularuli jarisgan gansxvavebiT, 25 wlis magivrad 16 we-liwads msaxurobdnen da xelfasic meti hqondaT vidre Cveuleb-riv legionerebs.

maqsentiusi

legioni (laT. Legio – `Segroveba~, `Sekreba~) – Zveli romis gviandeli respublikuri periodisa da impe-riis xanis armiis ZiriTadi sabrZolo organizaciuli erTeuli. romis saxelmwifos sxvadasxva periodSi igi Sedgeboda 2-10 aTasi qveiTisa da cxenosanTa ramdenime aseulisagan. yovel legions Tavisi saxeli, no-meri da samxedro Standarti hqonda. Cvenamde Semonaxuli werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT identificire-bulia 50-mde sxvadasxva legioni, Tumca iTvleba, rom maTi raodenoba TiToeul istoriul periodSi ar aRemateboda 28-s. magram saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi xdeboda axali legionebis Seqmna. romauli samyaros res-publikis periodSi legionis saTaveSi samxedro tribuni idga, imperiis xanaSi ki – legati. legioni 10 ko-hortad iyofoda, romelic romaelTa jarebis mTavar taqtikur erTeuls warmoadgenda. misi piradi Se-madgenloba daaxloebiT 500 legioners Seadgenda da igi Tanamedrove batalionis ekvivalentad SegviZlia ganvixiloT. Tavis mxriv ki, kohorta sxvadasxva periodebSi manipulebisa da centuriebisgan Sedgeboda. es ukanaskneli saSualod 100 legioners iTvlida da brZolebSi damoukidebeli taqtikuri erTeulis saxiT ar erTveboda. mas centurioni meTaurobda.

Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus

konstantine didi da mulvios brZola

57

istoria

markus avreliusi (laT. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus ) (ax.w. 121-180 w.w.) – antoninusebis dinastiis romis imperatori ax.w. 161-180 wlebSi. imperator antoninus piusis Svilobi-li. 140, 145 da 161 wlebSi imperiis konsuli da keisari. 178 wels sardlobda romaelTa Crdilour laSqrobas germa-niaSi, sadac did warmatebebs miaRwia. imperiis `oqros xa-nis~ mmarTveli. Tavisi drois erT-erTi yvelaze ufro ga-naTlebuli da ganswavluli pirovneba, moazrovne da fi-losofosi, mwerali, gviandeli stoicizmis warmomadge-neli, Zveli berZeni filosofosis, epiktetis moZRvrebis mimdevari. Tavis naSromebs werda berZnul enaze. antoni-nusebis dinastiis romis xuTi kargi imperatoris (markus nerva, markus traiane, publius adriane, antoninus piusi, markus avreliusi) ukanaskneli warmomadgeneli. pirvel xanebSi avreliusis TanammarTveli iyo lucius verusi. maTi mmarTvelobis periodSi, romelic gamoirCeoda impe-riis stabilurobiTa da represiebis ararsebobiT, romis imperiam ayvavebis mwvervals miaRwia.

312 wlis 28 oqtombris dilas malborge-tosTan dabanakebul Tavis jariskacebs kon-stantinem ubrZana, rom uSualod brZolis win farebze cecxlis magiuri niSani daexa-taT qristes simboloebis formiT. igulisx-meba qristes monograma “ΧΡ” (berZnuli anba-nis asoebi – X (xi) da ρ (ro)). Ze RvTisas saxe-lis – ΧΡΙƩΤΌƩ–is pirveli ori aso. swored es gadajvaredinebuli asoebi daawerina kons-tantinem Tavis jariskacebs farebze `cecx-lis niSniT~, anu wiTlad – ☧. man uambo ja-riskacebs, rom xilva hqonda – SuadRisas ca-ze sakuTari TvaliT dainaxa cecxliT gamo-saxuli jvari – gamarjvebis niSani, berZnu-li warweriT, romelic laTinurad ase iTar-gmna, “In hoc signo vinces” – „am niSniT gaimarj-veb!“

qalaqis dacvis maqsentiusis gegmas war-matebis yvela Sansi hqonda, radgan konstan-tines ar gaaCnda sakmarisi Zala qalaqis xan-grZlivi alyisaTvis. mas arc katapultebi da arc sxva saalyo aRWurviloba hqonda, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli iqnebo-da sqeli galavnisa Tu alayafis gangreva. konstantines strategiuli mdgomareoba dRiTi dRe uaresdeboda, legionis meTau-rebi da oficrebi daJinebiT urCevdnen mas uari eTqva romis dalaSqvraze, konstanti-nes warmatebis niSnebs verc winaswarmetyve-lebi xedavdnen. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, konstantines xeli ar auRia Tavis gegmaze da Tu manamde yovelTvis cdilobda, Tana-mebrZolebTan SeeTanxmebina moqmedeba, gan-sakuTrebiT ki frankebis meTaur bonitus-Tan da alemanebis mefe krokusTan, amjerad aravis mosazreba ar gaiTvaliswina.

konstantinem daifica, rom Tuki brZo-laSi gaimarjvebda, qristianobas miiRebda. konstantines romze gamarjvebis Sansi Zali-an mcire iyo. igi mzad ar iyo kargad gamagre-buli qalaqis xangrZlivi alyisaTvis da arc sakmarisi resursebi gaaCnda.

maqsentiusi Tavis jarTan erTad sqeli kedlis miRma iyo gamagrebuli. yvelaferi iqiTken midioda, rom xanmokle alyis Semdeg konstantine iZulebuli gaxdeboda qalaqi-saTvis alya moexsna da Tavisi jarebiT ukan daexia. magram moxda sruliad gauTvaliswi-nebeli da gasaocari ram: maqsentiusma mou-lodnelad datova dedaqalaqis daculi si-magre da konstantines Ria velze daupiris-pirda. es iyo didi Secdoma, romelmac kons-tantines warmatebis warmoudgeneli Sansi misca.

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus

mulvios an milvios xidi (laT. Pons Mulvius, ital. Ponte Milvio) – Zv.w. I saukuneSi romSi, mdinare tibrze gadebuli xidi, romelic roms adriati-kis sanapiroze mdebare qalaq ariminumTan (dRe-vandeli rimini) akavSirebda.

58

konstantines legionerebi uteven pre-torianelTa gvardias – suraTze kargad Cans konstantines legionerebis farebze ga-mosaxuli qristes niSani.

saidumlo policiis imJamindeli situaciuri moxsenebebidan gamomdinare, im daskvnis gake-Teba SeiZleba, rom qalaqis mosaxleobaSi maqsentiuss mxardaWera ar hqonda. didi raodenobis jarebis Tavmoyras SesaZloa romis samoqalaqo mosaxleobasTan dapirispireba mohyoloda, Tumca, ajanyeba an Ralati romSi ar igegmeboda, radgan qalaqis macxovreblebs eqvsi aTasi ro-maelis sikvdiliT dasjis ambavi jerac kargad axsovdaT. am fonze romis mosaxleobis simpaTia, savaraudod, konstantinesken ixreboda. safiqrebelia, rom maqsentiuss Secdomisaken saeWvo warmarTi misnebis winaswarmetyvelebam ubiZga, romlebmac daarwmunes igi, rom qalaqisaTvis Tavidan aecilebina ubedureba da konstantines romis galavnis gareT, Ria velze SebrZolebo-da...

sainteresoa, ratom ar darCa maqsentiusi bolomde Tavisi gegmis erTguli? ram aiZula igi, TiTqmis auRebeli TavSesafari daetovebina da safrTxeSi Caegdo sakuTari sicocxle? Tana-medrove istorikosebma bevri ifiqres da imsjeles amaze, magram verc dasabuTebuli argumen-tebi da verc naTeli axsna-ganmartebebi ver gamoinaxa. arsebobs mxolod Sefaseba, rom maqsenti-usi udidesi Secdomis msxverpli gaxda.

qristes monograma – “XP” (berZnuli anbanis asoebi – X (xi) da P (ro)). Ze RmerTis saxelis – ΧΡΙΣΤΌΣ pirveli ori aso. swored es gadajvaredi-nebuli asoebi daawerina konstantinem Tavis ja-riskacebs farebze – ☧.

konstantine didi da mulvios brZola

brZola mulvios xidTan, julio romanos naxati

59

istoria

hlodvig I (laTin. Chlodovechus, frank. Hlōdowig, ingl. Clovis) (466-511) – merovingebis di-nastiis frankTa mefe. mefobda 481-511 wlebSi. mefe hilderik I-isa da dedofal bazina tiurin-

gielis Svili. masze Semonaxuli cnobebi Zalian mwiria, magram udavoa, rom hlodvigi Tavi-si drois erT-erTi yvelaze ufro cnobili politikosi, mxedarTmTavari da mmarTveli

iyo. pirveli mefe, romelmac didi brZolebisa da Zalisxmevis fasad frankTa tomebi gaaerTiana da frankTa pirveli mefe gaxda, romelmac 496 wlis 25 dekembers miiRo qristianoba. mis mier daarsebuli merovingebis dinastia Semdgomi ori saukune me-fobda frankTa saxelmwifoSi.

karlos I didi (laT. Carolus Magnus an Karolus Magnus, germ. KK arl der Große, frang. Charlemagne) (742-814) – VIII-IX saukuneebis evropis didi saxelmwifo moRvawe da mxedarTmTavari, frankTa saxelmwifos mefe 768 wlidan, langobardebis mefe 774 wlidan, bavariis hercogi 788 wlidan, dasavleTis imperatori 800 wlidan. frankTa mefe pipin `mokles~ ufrosi Svili. man SeZlo frankTa samefos Semdgomi gaZliereba da misi teritoriebis eqspansia. karlos I imdenad cnobili mefe da mmarTveli iyo, rom pipinidebis dinastiam mis Semdgom karolingebis dinastiis saxeli miiRo. sicocxleSive iwodeboda ̀ karlos didad~. metad mniSvnelovani da niSandob-livia is faqti, rom karlos dids Tavisi erovnuli saxelmwi-fos damaarseblad erTdroulad miiCneven frangebic da ger-manelebic.

xidis garSemo brZola orive mxridan ukiduresi sisastikiT wa-rimarTa. jariskacebi gaafTrebu-li ebrZodnen erTmaneTs. farebze daxatuli wiTeli qrizma (qristes niSani) konstantines jars exmarebo-

da areul-dareulobaSi erTmane-Tisgan gaerCiaT mteri da mokeTe.

maqsentiusma, roca gaafTrebul brZolaSi TiTqmis yvela jaris-kaci dakarga, Tavis Svelas Seeca-da, mdinareSi cxeniT Sevarda,

konstantinem win waiwia flaminiis gzaze da mulvios xididan 13 kilometrSi gaCerda „saqsa rubrasTan“. male aq maqsentiusis ja-ris mcire nawili gamoCnda, romelic kons-tantinem xanmokle brZolaSi daamarcxa. da-marcxebulebi mulvios xidisken ukuiqcnen. amis Semdeg maqsentiusma Tavis rCeul jar-Tan erTad datova qalaqi, albaT, konstan-tines alyaSi mosaqcevad, anda, SesaZlebe-lia, gamoqceuli jariskacebisTvis mdina-reze gadasasvlelis Riad dasatoveblad. ori laSqari erTmaneTs romidan sami kilo-metriT daSorebul xidTan Sexvda. maqsenti-uss zurgs ukan mdinare hqonda, misi jaris-kacebis gaqceva SeuZlebeli iyo. erTaderTi gza xidisaken midioda. maqsentiusi fiqrob-da, rom misi brZanebiT xidze gakeTebuli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi advilad dasaSleli droebiTi xis konstruqcia gauZlebda ukan dabrunebuli jarebis masas. igi aqac Secda – konstruqcia kolonis msvlelobisas Camo-iqca.

oto III (germ. da laT. Otto III) (980-1002) – `msoflios saswaulad~ wodebuli, germaniis mefe da saRvTo romis imperiis imperatori.

60

maqsentiusze gamarjvebis Semdeg konstantines, romis garda, wilad xvda italiisa da Crdi-loeT afrikis provinciebic. man sityva Seasrula da imperiis qristiani mosaxleobis mfarve-loba daiwyo. sikvdilis win ki, 337 wels, qristianoba miiRo. misi naTloba misabaZi gaxda yvela momdevno keisrisa Tu evropis didi mefisTvis, romelTa Soris iyvnen hlodvig I, karlos didi da oto III.

312 wlis 28 oqtombers konstantine didi zeimiT Sevida romSi. man brZana, maqsentiusis gva-misTvis Tavi moekveTaT, sxeuli ki daemarxaT. gamarjvebulma jariskacebma maqsentiusis Tavi Subze wamoacves da romis quCebSi didi zar-zeimiT Caatares. mulvios xidTan gamarjvebis aRsa-niSnavad 315 wels dedaqalaqSi, kolizeumsa da palatinis borcvs Soris, konstantines grandio-zuli triumfaluri TaRi aRmarTes. yvela danarCenisgan gansxvavebiT, es aris romSi dadgmuli erTaderTi triumfaluri TaRi, romelic ara gareSe mtrebTan, aramed samoqalaqo omSi gamarj-vebas mieZRvna.

magram cxenma tibrSi gadaagdo da imperatori daixrCo. mulvios xidze gamarTuli sisxliani brZola dasrulda – konstantinem gaimarjva.

amrigad, mulvios xidTan brZolaSi maqsentiusis arasworma strategiam da daSvebulma Sec-domebma ara mxolod am brZolis bedi gadawyvita, aramed msoflio istoriasac Seucvala mimar-Tuleba.

mTeli Tavisi moRvaweobiTa da romis saxelmwifos gaqristianebiT konstantinem kacobrio-bis istoriaSi axali epoqis dasawyiss Cauyara safuZveli. vin icis, rogor ganviTardeboda mov-lenebi, roms rom alyisTvis gaeZlo da daucvel poziciaze myofi konstantine iZulebuli gamx-dariyo ukan gabrunebuliyo. udavoa, rom sakuTari ZalebiTa da resursebiT verc qalaqis xang-rZliv alyas SeZlebda da, miT umetes, verc roms aiRebda.

konstantine didi, aia-sofia, 1000 weli

konstantine didis triumfaluri TaRi

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