Gramatica limbii engleze - prepozitia

8/9/2019 Gramatica limbii engleze - prepozitia

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Lecţia 10:Prepozitia

10.1. Introducere

Prepozitia descrie legatura dintre doua cuvinte din aceeasi propozitie. Prepozitiile nu au

un inteles de sine statator, ele capata diferie sensuri puse in legatura cu alte cuvinte.

Sa observam catedra profesorului si multitudinea de prepozitii pe care le putem folosi

pentru a o descrie:

You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The professor can sit on the desk

(when he's being informal) or behind the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or

beneath the desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the

desk, between the desk and you, or even on the desk (if he's really strange). f he'sclumsy, he can bump into the desk or try to walk through the desk (and stuff would fall

off the desk). !assing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the desk, he

often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk or concerning the desk as if there

were nothing else like the desk. "ecause he thinks of nothing except the desk, sometimes

you wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he paid for the desk, and if he could

live without the desk. You can walk toward the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the

desk, and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk.

Cuvintele evidentiate sunt toate prepozitii.

In limba engleza nu se va termina niciodata o propozitie cu o

prepozitie.

10.2. Prepozitii de timp: at, on, in

At se foloseste pentru a desemna ora exacta

Ex.: The train is due at #$%#& p.m.

On indica zilele si datele calendaristice

Ex.: y brother is coming on onday.

e're having a party on the ourth of *uly.

In se foloseste pentru a desemna ore imprecise din timpul zilei, cat si luna, anotimpul,

anul.

Ex.: +he likes to og in the morning.

t's too cold in winter to run outside.

He started the ob in #-#.

He's going to /uit in 0ugust.

10.2. Prepozitii de loc: at, on, in



At se foloseste cu adrese exacte.

Ex.: 1rammar 2nglish lives at && "oret3 4oad in 5urham.

On desemneaza numele de strazi, sosele, bulevarde, alei, etc.

Ex.: Her house is on "oret3 4oad.

In se foloseste cu numele regiunilor (orase, judete, tari, state, continente.

Ex.: +he lives in 5urham.

5urham is in indham 6ounty. indham 6ounty is in 6onnecticut.

Prepozitii de loc: in, at, on si lipsa prepozitiei

IN AT ON lipsa prepozitiei

(t!e bed"

t!e bed

room

t!e car

(t!e class"t!e librar#"

sc!ool"

class"

!ome

t!e librar#"

t!e office

sc!ool"$or%

t!e bed"

t!e ceiling

t!e floor

t!e !orse

t!e planet!e train

do$nstairs

do$nto$n

inside

outside

upstairsupto$n

" In diverse circumstante se pot folosi prepozitii diferite pentru aceste

locuri.

10.3. Prepozitii de miscare: to si lipsa prepozitiei

To se foloseste pentru a exprima deplasarea, miscarea catre un loc.Ex.: They were driving to work together.

+he's going to the dentist's office this morning.

Toward si towards exprima de asemenea miscarea.

&cestea doua sunt doar variantele ortografice ale aceluiasi cuvant si se pot folosi

indiferent.

Ex.: e're moving toward the light.

This is a big step towards the proect's completion.

Cu urmatoarele cuvinte: home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs,

nu se folosesc prepozitii.Ex.: 1randma went upstairs 1randpa went home.

They both went outside.

10.4. Prepozitii de timp: for sisince

For se foloseste atunci cand se masoara timpul

(secunde, minute, ore, zile, luni, ani.

Ex.: He held his breath for seven minutes.

+he's lived there for seven years.

The "ritish and rish have been /uarreling for

seven centuries.

Since se foloseste cu data sau ora exacta.



Ex.: He's worked here since #-7.

+he's been sitting in the waiting room since two8thirty.

10.5. Prepozitii cu substantive ad!ective si verbe

'umeroase substantive, adjective si mai ales verbe se folosesc corect numai insotite de

prepozitiile care le intregesc sensul.

"#$"%&'%I()L) si P*)P+,I%IIL)

approval of

a$areness of

belief in

concern for

confusion about

desire for

fondness for

grasp of

!atred of

!ope for

interest in

love of

need for

participation in

reason for

respect for

success in

understanding of

&-)/%I()L) si P*)P+,I%IIL)

afraid of angr# at

a$are of

capable of

careless about

familiar $it!

fond of !app# about

interested in

jealous of

made of

married to

proud of similar to

sorr# for

sure of

tired of

$orried about

()*$)L) si P*)P+,I%IIL)

apologize for

as% about

as% for belong to

bring up

care for

find out

give up

gro$ up

loo% for loo% for$ard to

loo% up

ma%e up

pa# for

prepare for

stud# for

tal% aboutt!in% about

trust in

$or% for

$orr# about

Combinatia dintre verbe si prepozitii se numeste verb frazal (ve3i .).*erbe frazale.

10.. )presii idiomatice cu prepozitii• agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle

• argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a proposition

• compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences (sometimes similarities)

• correspond to a thing, with a person

• differ fro an unlike thing, with a person

• live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other people

10.. Prepozitii inutile

In vorbirea de zi cu zi se folosesc incorect prepozitii acolo unde ele nu isi au rostul.

+bserva urmatoarele exemple:

Ex.: +he met up with the new coach in the hallway.

The book fell off of the desk.



He threw the book out of the window.

+he wouldn't let the cat inside of the house. (sau folositi 9in9)

here did they go to:

!ut the lamp in back of the couch. (se va folosi 9behind9)

here is your college at:

1. Completeaza urmatoarele propozitii cu at, in sau on:

They live ;;; in 6oronation +treet ;;; number <$.

*ack works ;;; =>ford ;;; the ?niversity.

've left my briefcase ;;; the office. think left it ;;; the chair

;;;the corner.

eet me ;;; the bus8stop ;;; the end of "ristol 4oad.

They live ;;; +eal, a small village ;;; the road to olkestone.

2. Completeaza urmatorul text cu prepozitiile care lipsesc:

t was ;;; the evening ;;;; riday $-th arch ;;; Tribeca, @ew

York. !olice patrolman +waine and assistant potrolman "radley were driving

;;; <rd 0venue. +waine stopped the patrol car, which was new and shinning,

;;; an electrical store. He needed some batteries. He got ;;; and went ;;; the

storeA but he left the keys ;;; the car because "radley stayed ;;; the car.

+waine looked ;;; the street. t was crowded ;;; early evening shoppers. t was

brightly lit and lively.

3. radu pasajul de mai sus in limba romana.

Gramatica limbii engleze - prepozitia

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