Conferenţiar univ. dr. Liliana Popescu

LIMBA ENGLEZĂ PENTRU ANUL II

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CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE

Lucrarea “Limba engleză pentru anul II” reprezintă rezultatul interesului autoarei pentru modernizarea şi creşterea eficienţei comunicării în limba engleză şi îşi propune dezvoltarea unor strategii care să conducă la autonomia cursanţilor în învăţare, prin conştientizarea nevoilor personale, efort individual şi autoevaluare permanentă. Cartea se adresează în special studenţilor din anul II ai Facultăţii de Horticultură. Cursul pentru studenţii la forma de învăţământ deschis la distanţă, cu un nivel mediu de cunoaştere a limbii engleze, care se pregătesc în domeniile horticultură şi peisagistică ce vor fi obligaţi să folosească acest limbaj în diverse activităţi caracteristice profesiei lor. Tematica abordată oferă ocazia de a discuta subiecte variate şi extrem de actuale pornind de la concepte economice de bază. Subiectele sunt prezentate într-o manieră accesibilă şi sunt susţinute de studii de caz adecvate temei. Nu lipsesc elementele de vocabular şi cele de gramatică – prezentate în secţiuni care conţin explicaţii teoretice şi exerciţii. Opţiunea metodologică ce a stat la baza elaborării lucrării de faţă stimulează atât creativitatea profesorului cât şi a studentului, facilitând dezvoltarea abilităţilor de comunicare interpersonală prin activităţi variate şi interesante. Aşteptăm reacţiile şi sugestiile dumneavoastră, fiind conştienţi de faptul că posibilele neajunsuri se pot corecta printr-un dialog permanent între autoare şi utilizatori. Autoarea

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CONTENTS

No. Lesson

Page

1 Lesson I – Introductions (At a Party) ...…………………………... 3 2 Lesson II – Personal Information .………………………………... 5 3 Lesson III – What Were You Doing?.…………………………….. 9 4 Lesson IV – The City and the Country ..………………………….. 16 5 Lesson V – What Time Is It? ……………………………………... 19 6 Lesson VI – Planning a Party …………………………………….. 23 7 Lesson VII – Shopping for a Sweater ..…………………………… 25 8 Lesson VIII – Cooking ..………………………………………….. 30 9 Lesson IX – World Food …...…………………………………….. 33 10 Lesson X – “Successful” Failures ………………………………... 35 11 Lesson XI – Today’s Special ….………………………………….. 37 12 Lesson XII – Ordering a Meal ….………………………………… 42 13 Lesson XIII – Interview with a Famous Actor ….………………... 44 14 Lesson XIV – What’s in Your Office? ..………………………….. 45 15 Lesson XV – Good Neighbours ..………………………………… 49 16 Lesson XVI – Putting Someone Through ………………………... 53 17 Lesson XVII – On a Business Trip …….…………………………. 56 18 Lesson XVIII – Getting a Room for the Night …………………… 60 19 Lesson XIX – Taking the Bus …...……………………………….. 67 20 Lesson XX – How to Survive the Holiday Season ..……………… 74 21 Lesson XXI – Satisfy Your Sweet Tooth .………………………... 76 22 Lesson XXII – Endangered Species ...……………………………. 79 23 Lesson XXIII – Pollution ………………………………………… 82 24 Lesson XXIV – Environmental Verbs …………………………… 85 25 Lesson XXV – Housekeeping ……………………………………. 88 26 Lesson XXVI – At the Hotel ...…………………………………… 98 27 Lesson XXVII – On the Plane ..………………………………….. 105 28 Lesson XXVIII – Food and Drink .………………………………. 112

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Lesson I

Introductions (At a party) Read the dialogue: Peter: Hello. Jane: Hi! Peter: My name is Peter. What's your name? Jane: My name is Jane. Nice to meet you. Peter: It's a pleasure. This is a great party! Jane: Yes, it is. Where are you from? Peter: I'm from Amsterdam. Jane: Amsterdam? Really, are you German? Peter: NO, I'm not German. I'm Dutch. Jane: Oh, you're Dutch. Sorry about that. Peter: That's OK. Where are you from? Jane: I'm from London, but I'm not British. Peter: No, what are you? Jane: Well, my parents were Spanish, so I'm Spanish, too. Peter: That's very interesting. Spain is a beautiful country. Jane: Thank you. It IS a wonderful place. I. Fill in the blanks with one of the forms: AM, ARE, IS

1. I ...........sleeping now. 2. Tom .........having a shower in the bathroom. 3. We ..........dancing in the living room. 4. They .........walking in the park. 5. You ..........listening to music. 6. Mary ...........watching TV. 7. The dog ............eating soup.

II. Fill in the blanks with A or AN:

1. Jerry is eating ........apple. 2. Anne is buying .......banana and ........orange. 3. They are playing with ......cat and ......mouse. 4. I am reading .......book. 5. We are writing with .......pen. 6. He is drawing .........egg and ........bird. 7. I am smelling .......flower.

III. Fill in the blanks with one of the forms: AM NOT, ARE NOT, IS NOT

1. They ..................reading a book. 2. We ...................drinking milk now.

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3. I ..................writing with a pencil. 4. The boy ................riding a bicycle. 5. You .................washing the car. 6. She ................running in the park. 7. The mouse .................eating cheese.

IV. Fill in the blanks with one of the forms: HAVE, HAS, AM, ARE, IS

1. We ...........a book and a notebook. 2. My mother .............a blouse and a dress. 3. Tom .............eating in the kitchen. 4. They .............watching cartoons. 5. I ..............a new toy. 6. Jane .............a little bear and she .............playing with it. 7. He .............a mother and a father.

V. Fill in the blanks with: BATHROOM, KITCHEN, BEDROOM, LIVING ROOM, HALL 1. They are watching TV in the ......................... 2. Grandmother is cooking in the ........................ 3. I am taking a shower in the ........................... 4. There is a peg in the ............................. 5. We are sleeping in the ......................... VI. Fill in the blanks with: LISTENING, WRITING, READING, SLEEPING, EATING, DRINKING, RUNNING, MAKING, PLAYING

1. We are ...........................in the park. 2. They are .........................a chocolate cake. 3. Mother is ........................a toy plane. 4. Father is .....................to music on the radio. 5. You are ....................in your bed. 6. I am .......................with a new pen. 7. He is .....................with a teddy-bear. 8. They are ......................a story now. 9. You are ....................milk.

VII. Fill in the blanks with one of the forms: AM, ARE, IS

1. .............you eating an apple? 2. ………he making soup? 3. ……....they writing a new word? 4. ……….you sleeping on the sofa? 5. ………I reading a book? 6. ……….we riding a bicycle? 7. ………..she drinking milk or tea?

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Lesson II

Personal Information Read the dialogue: (Two friends filling in a form together) Jim: Your painting is fantastic Roger! Roger: I'm happy you like it. It's for a competition. Here's the form. Jim: Right. OK, here are the questions.... Your hands are dirty. Roger: ... from painting! What are the questions? Here's a pen (gives him a pen to fill the form in) Jim: What's your name? Roger: oh, that's difficult ... Roger! Jim: Ha, ha. What's your surname? Roger: I'm not sure ... Jim: Very funny! OK, surname - Tailor Roger: Yes, that's it! Jim: Next question please. Are you married or single? Roger: Single. I'm sure about that! Jim: What's your address? Roger: 72 London Road. Jim:... and what are your hobbies? Roger: hmmm.... painting, going windsurfing and watching TV. Jim: ... OK, last question. What's your telephone number? Roger: 0343 897 6514 Jim: 0343 897 6514 - Got it. Where's an envelope? Roger: Over there ... Personal Information What's your surname (family name)? Smith What's your first name? Fred Where are you from? Atlanta, Georgia What's your job? I'm a teacher. What's your address? 34 White Street What is your phone number? 308-6730 How old are you? 54 Are you married? Yes, I am. Key Vocabulary surname, family name, first name Where are you from? What's your job? address? phone (telephone) number? How old are you?

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Are you married? married, single, divorced, separated Hobbies Mary has a lot of hobbies and interests. She usually gets up early so she can run before work. She doesn't often have time to ski, but she occasionally goes on Saturdays during the winter. Mary often rides a horse at a stable near here home. She sometimes goes after work, but she usually goes horseback riding on Sundays. She loves music. She always goes to choir practice on Wednesday evenings and sings in church on Sundays. She doesn't have much extra money, so she rarely goes to concerts in the city. She seldom watches TV because she likes doing things outside. She usually goes to the gym if it's raining outside. She isn't often alone because she has a lot of friends. She occasionally does something alone, but she usually does her activities with one of her friends. She's a happy woman! I. Put the verbs in the following sentences (Present Simple) in the interrogative and in the negative (do/don’t, does/doesn’t – for the 3rd person singular):

1. I love my brother. I don’t love my brother. Do I love my brother? 2. She talks too much. _____________________________________________ 3. I understand you. _______________________________________________ 4. You play the piano very well. _____________________________________ 5. I always believe you. ____________________________________________ 6. He remembers my phone number. __________________________________ 7. They live in Bucharest. __________________________________________ 8. He has a hot bath every day. ______________________________________ 9. I trust my friend. _______________________________________________ 10. I have lunch at one o’clock. ______________________________________

II. Put the verbs in the following sentences (Present Continuous) in the negative and in the interrogative:

1. It is raining. It isn’t raining. Is it raining? 2. I am having a walk. _____________________________________________ 3. He is telling the truth. ___________________________________________ 4. You are typing a letter. __________________________________________ 5. They are swimming in the river. ___________________________________ 6. My friend is wearing a new dress. __________________________________ 7. My mother is resting. ____________________________________________ 8. We are studying English. __________________________________________ 9. Ann is knitting. _________________________________________________ 10. The child is learning to play the piano. _______________________________

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III. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or Present Continuous:

1. I (not go) _______________ shopping because it (rain) _______________. 2. What you (do) _______________ on Sundays? 3. He usually (drink) _______________ coffee but now he (drink) tea. 4. In England it often (rain) _______________. 5. I (not like) _______________ that boy. 6. He usually (speak) _______________ so quickly that I (not understand)

_______________ him. 7. You (like) _______________ this book? 8. You (dream) _______________ at night? Yes, I (dream) _______________

every night. 9. I can’t answer the phone now because I (cook) _______________. 10. How you usually (get) _______________ to work?

I usually (go) _______________ by bus, but now I (take) a taxi because I am late.

11. The manager can’t receive you now as he (have) _______________ an interview.

12. You (write) _______________ to John now? Yes, I (be) _______________. I always (write) _______________ to him on his birthday.

13. Where you (hurry) _______________? To the theatre, as I (not want) _______________ to miss the first act.

14. She always (borrow) _______________ books from me and never (remember) _______________ to give them back.

15. You (go) _______________ to work every day? Yes, of course, except Saturdays and Sundays.

16. Why you (smoke) _______________ so much? 17. Who you (wait) _______________ for? 18. I (wait) _______________ for John, but he is late, as usual. 19. I always (have) _______________ a rest after lunch. 20. What you (think) of_______________ ? 21. I (think) _______________ of my mother just now. 22. You (know) _______________ what time is it?

IV. Translate into English:

1. Iarna ninge. ______________________________________________________

2. Duminica el nu se scoala devreme. ______________________________________________________

3. Eu nu studiez seara. ______________________________________________________

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4. Ce faci? Citesti sau privesti la televizor? ______________________________________________________

5. Ea merge la cumparaturi sâmbata. ______________________________________________________

6. Acum imi fac temele la engleza. ______________________________________________________

7. Nu-mi place cafeaua. ______________________________________________________

8. Ce carte citesti? ______________________________________________________

9. La ce ora se trezeste John dimineata? ______________________________________________________

10. Ce faci tu in zilele libere? ______________________________________________________

11. Cui ii telefonezi? ______________________________________________________

12. De ce deschizi fereastra? ______________________________________________________

13. Adesea citesc carti englezesti. ______________________________________________________

14. Cât de des le scrii parintilor tai? ______________________________________________________

15. Când merg la mare imi place sa inot mult. ______________________________________________________

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Lesson III

What Were You Doing? Read the dialogue: Betsy: I telephoned you yesterday afternoon but you didn't answer? Where were you? Brian: I was in another room when you called. I didn't hear the phone ringing until it was too late. Betsy: What were you working on? Brian: I was photocopying a report that I needed to send to a client. What were you doing when you telephoned? Betsy: I was looking for Tom and couldn't find him. Do you know where he was? Brian: Tom was driving to a meeting. Betsy: Oh, I see. What did you do yesterday? Brian: I met the representatives from Driver's in the morning. In the afternoon, I worked on the report and was just finishing when you telephoned. What did you do? Betsy: Well, at 9 I had a meeting with Ms Anderson. After that, I did some research. Brian: Sounds like a boring day! Betsy: Yes, I don't really like doing research. But it needs to be done. Brian: I agree with you on that, no research - no business! Betsy: Tell me about the report. What do you think of it? Brian: I think the report is a good. Tom believes it's good, too. Betsy: I know that every report you write is excellent. Brian: Thank you Betsy, you are always a good friend! I. Fill in the gaps with A or AN: 1. ‘Are you eating ………peanut?’ ‘No, I’m eating ………sandwich.’ 2. You’re drawing ………egg in ………basket. 3. He’s listening to …………cassette. 4. She’s washing ……..blouse and ……..shirt. 5. We’re making ………orange cake. 6. You’re thinking of ………animal. 7. ‘Are they drawing ……..elephant?’ ‘No, they’re drawing …………onion.’ 8. Do I eat ……..apple every day? 9. Do you have ………..bicycle? 10. Does she make ……..peach cake or ………olive pie on Sundays?

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II. Fill in the gaps with MY, YOUR, HIS, HER: MODEL: I have a car. My car is green.

1. I’m making a cake. ……….cake is sweet. 2. You’re reading a book. ………..book is big. 3. He’s drawing a house. ………..house is white. 4. She’s writing a story. ………..story is nice. 5. I have a horse and you have a monkey. ……….horse is pink and

………..monkey is red. 6. You have a flower and Anne has a peach. …………flower is beautiful and

…………peach is sweet. 7. Mary has a friend and Tom has 2 friends. ……….friend is at school and

…………friends are at school, too. 8. Jerry has a brother and I have a sister. …………brother is tall and

…………..sister is short.

III. Fill in the gaps with MY, HIS, HER: Stanley, the monster, is speaking about ………mother and father: “………mother’s hair is green and ……….eyes are big and yellow. ………..ears are small, but ……...mouth is very big. ……….father’s hair is red and ………eyes are big and blue. It’s funny, but …………hair is blue and yellow and ………..eyes are green and red. ……….father has got big legs, but …….arms are very small. …………mother has got small legs, but ……….arms are very big. It’s funny, but ……….legs and ………..arms are big. I like …………mother and …………father. They’re great!” IV. Fill in the blanks with DO or DOES: MODEL: a. Do you read book? I do not read books. b. Does he ride a bicycle? He does not drive a car. 1. …………I have a frog? No, I ………..not have a frog. 2. …………you like oranges? No, you ………..not like oranges. 3. …………he drink milk? No, he ………….not drink milk. 4. …………she eat fish? No, she ………….not eat fish. 5. …………snow in June? No, it ………….not snow in June. 6. ………….we sleep in the bathroom? No, we …………not sleep in the bathroom. 7. …………..you drive a red car? No, you ………..not drive a red car. 8. ………….they like soup? No, they ………..not like soup. 9. ………….he have a lion? No, he …………not have a lion. 10. ………….I have a plane? No, I ………not have a plane. 11. ………….she like music? No, she ………….not like music.

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V. Read the following questions and complete the questions using the correct form of the verb "to be" in the past.

Present Past Example: Where is Jack today?

Where was Jack yesterday?

What day is it today?

What day ________it yesterday?

Where are they today?

Where _______they last week?

I am at home this afternoon.

I ________at home yesterday afternoon.

We aren't in school now.

We ________in school yesterday.

What is that in your hand?

What _______that in your bag this morning?

When is usually she at home?

When ________she at home yesterday?

He isn't a teacher.

He ________a teacher.

Now complete the following chart for the simple past of the verb "to be":

Present Past Positive: I am, I'm Negative: I am not, I'm not

Positive: I ________ Negative: I ______________, __________

Positive: You are, you're Negative: you are not, aren't

Positive: You _______ Negative: you ______________, __________

Positive: He, She, It is, He's, She's, It's Negative: He, She, It is not, isn't

Positive: He, She, It ______ Negative: He, She, It __________, __________

Positive: We are Negative: We are not, we aren't

Positive: We ________ Negative: We ______________, __________

Positive: You are, you're Negative: you are not, you aren't

Positive: You _________ Negative: you ______________, __________

Positive: They are Negative: They are not, you aren't

Positive: They ________ Negative: They ______________, __________

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VI. Fill in the correct forms of the verb 'to be' in the present tense. Positive I

________ from Seattle.

He She It

________ from Toronto.

We You They

________ from Japan.

Questions Where

_________ I from?

Where _________ he she it

from

Where _________ we you they

from?

VII. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of "to be":

1. Where ___________he from? 2. I ___________ a teacher. 3. They ________ very hungry. 4. She _________not happy. 5. ________ you from Japan? 6. English ________ difficult. 7. We ________ not hungry. 8. ________they students?

VIII. Find the match: They saw Mary at the zoo yesterday.

You didn’t eat your lunch yesterday.

We ran to school last week. We didn’t have animals in the house.

Tom ate a lot of bananas at the party.

They didn’t tell you the story.

I wrote a letter to Sue on Friday.

You didn’t give them the book.

She had a lot of fun at the seaside

Fred didn’t sleep on the beach.

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They learnt the poem in class. She didn’t run in the park on Sunday.

I told you to be quiet! Tom didn’t write to me last year. We drank the milk and left. I didn’t see you at school on

Monday. You slept in the bathroom last week.

I didn’t drink the tea and I didn’t leave the glass on the table.

He gave her a flower. You didn’t learn your lesson last week.

IX. Fill in the gaps with the correct form: want / wanted answer / answered ask / asked cook / cooked look / looked watch / watched help / helped wash / washed

1. They didn’t _______________the phone, they ______________ the door. 2. I ________________mom in the garden, I didn’t________________ granny in

the kitchen. 3. We didn’t _________________apples, we __________________ oranges. 4. You ________________the carpets, you didn’t _________________ the car. 5. Alice _______________at the pictures, she didn’t _________________at us. 6. We didn’t _______________you to come here, we ________________you to

go home. 7. You didn’t ________________the film, you ________________the football

match. 8. Father _________________the chicken, he didn’t _________________the

duck. X. Answer the following questions, using: ate, caught, drew, wrote, bought, saw, drank

1. How many cakes did you eat? I ate 4 cakes. 2. How many films did you see?

______________________________________________________ 3. How many fish did you catch?

______________________________________________________ 4. How many letters did you write?

______________________________________________________ 5. How many cups of tea did you drink?

______________________________________________________ 6. How many apples did you buy?

______________________________________________________ 7. How many lines did you draw?

______________________________________________________

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XI. Put the verbs in the following sentences in the Past Tense Simple: 1. I sleep until 9 o’clock every day. I slept until 9 o’clock every day 2. He meets John on Sundays.

______________________________________________________ 3. You speak English well.

______________________________________________________ 4. You drink too much.

______________________________________________________ 5. You ask too many questions.

______________________________________________________ 6. I play football.

______________________________________________________ 7. I own two umbrellas.

______________________________________________________ 8. I like to have a coffee in the morning.

______________________________________________________ 9. That sounds interesting.

______________________________________________________ 10. I always make cakes on Sundays.

______________________________________________________ XII. Put the verbs in the following sentences in the negative and in the interrogative:

1. He thought about you. He didn’t think. Did he think? 2. They drank all the wine.

______________________________________________________ 3. I hated him.

______________________________________________________ 4. He changed his library book every day.

______________________________________________________ 5. I sold my car.

______________________________________________________ 6. We worked very hard.

______________________________________________________ 7. He came home late.

______________________________________________________ 8. I enjoyed travelling.

______________________________________________________ 9. He translated the text.

______________________________________________________ 10. He forbade her to do this.

______________________________________________________

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XIII. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Tense Simple or Continuous: 1. When you came in , I was talking on the phone. 2. When I first (meet) _______________ him, he (work) _______________ in a

bank. 3. While he (learn) _______________ to drive, he (have) _______________ an

accident. 4. As I (write) _______________, someone (ring up) _______________. 5. Where you (go) _______________ when I (meet) _______________ you? 6. What you (do) _______________ this time yesterday? 7. When I (enter) _______________ the classroom, the teacher (write)

_______________ on the blackboard. 8. When I (arrive) _______________, she (have) _______________ dinner. 9. This time last Sunday, I (watch) _______________ a film on TV. 10. He suddenly (realize) _______________ that he (not wear) _______________

his glasses. XIV. Translate into English:

1. Soarele nu a apus la ora 8 aseara. ______________________________________________________

2. Ai dormit bine noaptea trecuta? ______________________________________________________

3. Ieri nu am mers la bazinul de inot. ______________________________________________________

4. M-am sculat târziu ieri dimineata. ______________________________________________________

5. Duminica trecuta prietenii mei au jucat sah. ______________________________________________________

6. Ieri pe vremea asta ploua. ______________________________________________________

7. Ce faceai martea trecuta la ora 7 dimineata? ______________________________________________________

8. Ma pregateam sa merg la scoala. ______________________________________________________

9. Când te-ai intors de la munte? ______________________________________________________

10. Când ai cumparat acest televizor? ______________________________________________________

11. Batea un vânt puternic când am iesit din casa. ______________________________________________________

12. Unde ti-ai petrecut concediul vara trecuta? ______________________________________________________

13. Ieri m-am sculat devreme, mi-am luat micul dejun si apoi am plecat la scola. ______________________________________________________

14. Acum doua zile am cazut si mi-am rupt piciorul. ______________________________________________________

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Lesson IV

The City and the Country

Read the dialogue: David: How do you like living in the big city? Maria: There are many things that are better than living in the country! David: Can you give me some examples? Maria: Well, it certainly is more interesting than the country. There is so much more to do and see! David: Yes, but the city is more dangerous than the country. Maria: That's true. People in the city aren't as open and friendly as those in the countryside. David: I'm sure that the country is more relaxed, too! Maria: Yes, the city is busier than the country. However, the country is much slower than the city. David: I think that's a good thing! Maria: Oh, I don't. The country is so slow and boring! It's much more boring than the city. David: How about the cost of living? Is the country cheaper than the city? Maria: Oh, yes. The city is more expensive than the country. David: Life in the country is also much healthier than in the city. Maria: Yes, it's cleaner and less dangerous in the country. But, the city is so much more exciting. It's faster, crazier and more fun than the country. David: I think YOU are crazy for moving to the city. Maria: Well, I'm young now. Maybe when I'm married and have children I'll move back to the country. The Oregon Weather Forecast Weather Forecaster: Good afternoon and welcome to the weather forecast. Let's take a look at the weather outside now. What's it like? Well, it's currently raining and cloudy in southern Oregon while northern Oregon is cold and clear. The sun is shining, but it's rather cold up here in the North! The temperature is currently 45 degrees in the southern Oregon and only 30 degrees in the North. Shall we see what the weather will be like tomorrow? Well, it will be rainy in the morning in southern Oregon and windy in northern Oregon. In the afternoon, The South will see cloudy weather with some rain later in the day. Northern Oregon will also see rain turning to snow and quite windy, with winds coming from the North-East. That's the weather forecast for this afternoon. Have a good day! I. Choose the correct word: 1. Tom has a book. His / Her book is yellow. 2. My mother has a car. My / Her car is big.

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3. You are at home. Your / My room is full of toys. 4. Jerry is a mouse. Her / His tail is short. 5. Granny is in the kitchen. Her / His food smells good. 6. I am a little girl. Your / My friends are little, too. 7. My father has a bag. Your / His bag is green. 8. You have a rat. My / Your rat is grey. II. Fill in the gaps with: AM, ARE, IS 1. What ………….you doing here, Tom? 2. Where …………I sleeping tonight? 3. Why ………..he reading in the garden? 4. What …………she cooking in the kitchen? 5. Where ………….we going after school? 6. Why …………..I writing the story? 7. What …………..they drawing now? 8. Where …………you hiding your book? 8. Why …………she crying? III. Read the model, then fill in the gaps: Model: We have a dog. We had a dog last year, too. She has a cat. She had a cat last month, too. I am happy. I was happy yesterday, too. He is in the park. He was in the park last week, too.

1. I have a blue book. I ………….a blue book last year, too. 2. You have a red blouse. You ………….a red blouse last week, too. 3. He has a toy car. He ………..a toy car yesterday, too. 4. She has a banana. She ………….an apple yesterday. 5. He is in the kitchen. He ………….in the bathroom two hours ago. 6. She is in the classroom. She …………in the car 10 minutes ago. 7. I am at school now. I …………at school yesterday, too.

IV. Fill in the gaps with DO or DOES (for he, she, it):

1. ……..you play the piano every day? 2. ……..he want to become an actor? 3. ……..we like our teachers? 4. …….she learn two languages at school? 5. ……..they show us their new pencils? 6. ……..the dog eat grass? 7. ……..I read stories every day? 8. ……..the chicken run in the kitchen?

V. Read the model, then fill in the gaps: Model: I like bananas. Tom likes apples.

1. We want a dog, but he …………a snake. 2. You learn English, but she …………Romanian.

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3. I eat oranges, but the horse …………grass. 4. They read a book, but she …………..a magazine. 5. I play tennis, but my father …………football. 6. We write a letter, but Susan ………….an exercise. 7. We come home at 12, but he …………home at 11. 8. You buy a book and your sister ………….a notebook. 9. I make tea every morning and granny ……………the sandwiches.

VI. Read the model, then fill in the gaps: Model: You play the piano. You played the violin yesterday.

1. I work hard at school. I …………..hard in class yesterday. 2. You like cakes. You ………….the apple cake yesterday. 3. I want to be a writer. Last year I …………..to be an astronaut. 4. They live in Bucharest. Last year they ……………in Constanta. 5. Granny cooks every day. She ………….something good last week. 6. We wash the car every week. We …………it yesterday. 7. I brush my teeth in the morning. I ……………my teeth 3 hours ago. 8. He watches TV a lot. He …………..TV in the morning.

VII. Fill in the missing words: angry It was a Tuesday __________________. Rupert’s class was in the

___________. Mr. Robinson, their gym teacher, _______________: “Get into lines and climb the ropes”. Rupert _______________hard. His face was red. All the boys ______________a rope, but Rupert __________________to climb more than a metre. Most of the other boys ________________at him. “Look at that baby”, they said. Rupert was _____________and sad. Suddenly, Mark came up to Rupert and __________his arm round his shoulder. “Don’t worry”, he said. “Climbing is easy. I can show you. Come to my _______________this afternoon.” That afternoon Rupert went to Mark’s place. Mark ______________Rupert how to practice. They lifted weights, they ran and they _______________lots of press-ups. In Mark’s garden there was a long rope hanging from an old _____________. After three weeks Rupert ________________to climb to the top of Marks rope. The next time they did rope climbing at school all the boys laughed ___________it was Rupert’s turn. “Climb the rope, baby!” they shouted. Rupert didn’t say a word. He climbed to the ____________of the rope. All the boys ____________very quiet. Rupert looked down at them. He was ____________.

proud top tree place climbed laughed put tried said were did when showed afternoon was able wasn’t able gym

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Lesson V

What Time Is It? Read the dialogue: Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please? Yes, of course. It's seven o'clock. Thank you. No problem. What time is it? - II What time is it? It's half past three. Thanks. You're welcome. Key Vocabulary Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please? What time is it? It's half past... It's quarter past... It's ten to... It's quarter to... o'clock I. Fill in the gaps with MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, THEIR: 1. I am Irene. _______eyes are brown. 2. He is Jack. ________book is green. 3. She is Susan. ________schoolbag is pink. 4. You are Cathy. ________eyes are blue. 5. They are Fred and Barney. _________car is white. 6. You are Tom and Jerry. _________cartoon is funny. 7. We are pupils. _________teacher is good. II. Match: 1. I am Linda. a. His name is Michael. 2. You are Jack. b. Their names are Michael and Susan. 3. He is Michael. c. Our names are Linda and Jack. 4. We are Linda and Jack. d. My name is Linda. 5. They are Michael and Susan. e. Your name is Jack.

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III. Complete: One lion two lions One tortoise two tortoises One _______ two snakes One _______ two seals One _______ two chickens One _______ two cows One _______ two crocodiles One _______ penguins One _______ horses IV. Fill in the gaps with THIS (1, aproape), THAT (1, departe), THESE (mai multi, aproape), THOSE (mai multi, departe): Here (aici, aproape): chair, table, bedroom, schoolbag, pencils, books, toys, chocolates. There (acolo, departe): cooker, peg, sofa, car, desks, teachers, flowers, dogs.

1. _________schoolbag is clean. 2. _________toys are fluffy. 3. _________car is very dirty. 4. _________chocolates are really sweet. 5. _________teachers aren’t bad. 6. _________pencils are red. 7. _________cooker is white. 8. _________bedroom is very big. 9. _________sofa is brown. 10. _________flowers smell sweet. 11. _________table is round. 12. _________chair is near ________table. 13. _________dogs are nice. 14. _________peg is in the hall. 15. _________books are interesting. 16. _________desks are in the classroom.

V. Fill in the gaps with DON’T or DOESN’T: 1. I drink tea, but I don’t drink coffee. 2. They like carrots, but they _______like potatoes. 3. You ride a bicycle, but you ________ride a horse. 4. She plays with toys, but she ________play with snakes. 5. We walk to school, but we ________walk to the mountains. 6. You eat apples, but you ________eat ants. 7. He cleans his room, but he _______clean the garage. 8. She writes letters, but she ________write books. 9. I sleep in my bed, but I ________sleep of the sofa. 10. They have a lion, but they _______have a tiger. 11. He sees a monkey, but he ________see a crocodile.

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12. We run in the park, but we _______run in the house. VI. Match:

1. Like Drank 2. Clean Wrote 3. See Slept 4. Drink Washed 5. Eat Liked 6. Sleep Did 7. Write Had 8. Do Ate 9. Have Cleaned 10. Wash Saw

VII. Fill in the correct past tense form: a) go, say, take, come, go, find, are, is, call, cannot, go, aren’t, couldn’t Last year dad and I ___________to England. Mom __________us to the airport. At the airport we _________goodbye to her and then we _________to the gate. Dad _________find the tickets. He ___________a taxi and __________back home. The tickets _________at home. Dad __________back to the airport. He ___________very nervous. Then we ___________the tickets. They __________in my jacket.

b) not know, have, turn, not go, be (x2), come, start, stay, shout.

Yesterday I _________a dream. In my dream I ___________down a long, long road. Then I __________to a big dark house. There ____________about ten roads and I __________where to go. After some time I __________right into a little road. Then I came to a little bridge across a river. The water was very black and the bridge was very old. I _________to the other side, but _________where I was. After a time it got really cold. I _________to cry and __________: “Mom! Mom!”. Suddenly there _________mom’s voice: “Go back to bed. I’ll close the window”. I was happy it was only a bad dream.

VIII. Fill in the gaps with these words:

summer, good, came, chess, parties, wear, collect, children, best, years, play, house, tall, team, hair, Maths

My best friend is Theo. She is from Romania. She _______to England with her parents 12 _________ ago. Theo is very ________and has short black _________, and she likes to _________jeans and T-shirts. She lives in a small _________near the

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post office. I often visit her because we __________stamps. Then we look at the stamps and have fun. We also ________tennis together. I’m not very good at it, but Theo is. My __________friend is Rick. We play in the same football _________ and we also play _________together. He is very _________at it. Rick is also good at _________ and he helps me a lot. Rick often helps other ____________, so the boys and girls at our school like him very much. He often goes to ___________and then I go with him. We have lots of fun together. Next ___________Rick and I will go to Italy together. IX. Find the opposite: beginning, old, big, right, black, in, happy, sister, boy, cold, night, answer, behind, man left sad ask ending out hot in front of woman girl brother small new white day

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Lesson VI

Planning a Party Read the dialogue: (two neighbours talking) Martha: What horrible weather today. I'd love to go out, but I think it will just continue raining. Jane: Oh, I don't know. Perhaps the sun will come out later this afternoon. Martha: I hope you're right. Listen, I'm going to have a party this Saturday. Would you like to come? Jane: Oh, I'd love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Who's going to come to the party? Martha: Well, a number of people haven't told me yet. But, Peter and Mark are going to help out with the cooking! Jane: Hey, I'll help, too! Martha: Would you? That would be great! Jane: I'll make lasagna! Martha: That sounds delicious! I know my Italian cousins are going to be there. I'm sure they'll love it. Jane: Italians? Maybe I'll bake a cake... Martha: No, no. They're not like that. They'll love it. Jane: Well, if you say so... Is there going be a theme for the party? Martha: No, I don't think so. Just a chance to get together and have fun. Jane: I'm sure it'll be lots of fun. Martha: But I'm going to hire a clown! Jane: A clown! You're kidding me. Martha: No, no. As I child, I always wanted a clown. Now, I'm going to have my clown at my own party. Jane: I'm sure everyone will have a good laugh. Martha: That's the plan! Description of a typical summer day Summer is the warmest of the four seasons and it has the longest days and the shortest nights. It is my favourite season because it is also associated with the longest school holiday which starts in June and ends in September. A typical summer day begins with a beautiful sunrise between 6 and 7 o’clock. I am always woken up by the birds’ chirping and dogs’ barking, they appear to have a lot of energy early in the morning. This is very natural because at noon, when it is very

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hot outside, they all find a cooler place to hide in and sleep. Summer days in Romania are usually sunny, it rarely rains, and when it does it usually takes the form of a storm or even hailstorm. Temperatures are very high when the sky is clear, making it impossible for people to go out in the street at noon, but they drop when it rains and this makes the summer days more bearable. I like walking in the park when it rains quietly as the grass and the trees are much greener. But if the days are too hot, I either stay inside and read or paint, or I go to the beach when I am at the seaside. At noon, people usually stay indoors, as it is almost impossible to go out. Those who must go out need to take special measures against the heat: they must have water with them, they must cover their heads with a hat or a scarf and they must never stay in the sun for too long. In the afternoon, the streets are lively again as the temperatures drop a little. I usually do some work in the garden or go shopping in the afternoon. My favourite part of the summer day is the evening, when it is cool again, the wind may be blowing gently and there is a sweet smell of flowers in the air. It is the perfect moment to go out in the park with the family or friends, either for a walk or of a game of volleyball, football or tennis. These outdoor activities are very good for our physical and mental health. At night, you can hear tens of crickets or frogs who become active after a long and exhausting hot summer day. I. Describe a typical day in each of the four seasons in your country. Spring______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Summer____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Autumn____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Winter_____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

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Lesson VII

Shopping for a Sweater Read the dialogue: Can I help you? Yes, I'm looking for a sweater. What size are you? I'm an extra large. How about this one? Yes, that's nice. Can I try it on? Certainly, there's the changing rooms over there. Thank you. How does it fit? It's too large. Do you have a large? Yes, here you are. Thank you. I'll have it, please. OK, how would you like to pay? Do you take credit cards? Yes, we do. Visa, Master Card and American Express. OK, here's my Visa. Thank you. Have a nice day! Thank you, goodbye. Key Vocabulary Can I help you? Can I try it (them) on? size - extra small, small, medium, large, extra large How does it fit? changing rooms How would you like to pay? credit cards

I. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Simple (do) or the Present Continuous (is doing). Example: He never (drink) _____ alcohol. (key = drinks) 1.What's that noise? Somebody (practise) _________________the piano. 2.We (go) _____________________________ to the cinema this Friday. 3. They (go) ____________________________ on holiday every winter. 4. The days (be) _____________________________ longer in summer. 5. She often (talk) _____________________________ to herself. 6. She (have) __________________________ a shower at the moment.

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7. Right now she (run) _____________________________ down a hill. 8. Oak trees (grow) _____________________________ very slowly. 9. My dog (not eat) _____________________________ vegetables. 10. My brother (not like) _____________________________ animals. 11. Most people (not like) ________________________ to visit a doctor. 12. In his job he usually (stand) _____________________________ . 13. I'm looking at that woman, she (wear) _____________ a nice dress. 14. I never (go) _____________________________ out in the evening. 15. He usually (work) ___________________ with paints and brushes. 16. Do you know anyone who (speak) ____________________ Italian? 17. At work he usually (sit) _____________________________ all day. 18. 'Where is Kate?' 'She (watch) __________________________ TV in the living room.' 19. (you go) _________________________ to the party next Saturday? 20. (you ever work) _____________________________ at the weekend?

II. Fill in the missing parts in the following sentences using ONE word only. Example: Where _____ you spend your last holiday? (key = did) 1. _____ you type very fast? 2. _____ you got a motorbike? 3. _____ there any money in this purse? 4. _____ it easy to learn a foreign language? 5. _____ is more dangerous, motor racing or sky diving? 6. Which cartoon _____ you like when you were a child? 7. Where _____ Shakespeare born? 8. What _____ you doing when I phoned you this morning? 9. What _____ the weather like yesterday? 10. What _____ of books are you interested in? 11. What do you like _____ in your free time? 12. How _____ is your home from work? 13. How _____ does he earn a month? 14. How many brothers and sisters does she _____? 15. How long _____ it take to boil an egg? 16. How long have you _____ living in this country? 17. Have you _____ seen a ghost? 18. '_____ sent you these lovely flowers?' 'Peter.' 19. '_____ jeans are these?' 'I don't know. They are not mine.' 20. 'What _____ your father do?' 'He is a doctor.'

III. look, see or watch

1. You can't _____________________________ far in this fog. 2. Denny and Phil _____________________________ well tonight. 3. May I take a _____________________________ at it?

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4. ___________________ you tomorrow, if nothing comes in between. 5. _____________________________ out for pickpockets. 6. Did you _______________________ 'Coronation Street' yesterday? 7. Can you _____________________________ the blue car on the left? 8. Hey, what's wrong? You really ________________ unhappy tonight.

IV. there, their or they're

1. _____________________________ is a cat in the garden. 2. _____________________________ brother is a car mechanic. 3. Where are your parents? _____________________________ out. 4. The boys play football with _____________________________ ball. 5. Where are the CDs? _____________________________ in the box. 6. Have you seen my book? - Yes, it's over _______________________ . 7. Mandy and Tom waited for ___________________________ mother. 8. We went to London and stayed _____________________ two weeks.

V. there, their or they're

1. _____________________________ are people waiting outside. 2. Suddenly _____________________________ was a loud bang. 3. If anyone calls, ask for _____________________________ number. 4. Where is the ball? Oh, _____________________________ it is. 5. _____________________________ being served. 6. _____________________________ goes _____________________________ train. 7. _______ you are. Your mother has been looking for you everywhere. 8. ___________ reading ____________ books over ______________.

VI. your or you're 1. This is _____________________________ book. 2. He's from Chester and __________________________ from Bristol. 3. Are these _____________________________ pencils? 4. Did you see _________________________ sister yesterday evening? 5. _____________________________ a student. 6. _____________________________ teacher is ill. 7. _____________________________ walking home now. 8. _____________________________ the winner. 9. _____________________________ a star. 10. What do you think about _____________________________ future?

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VII. Paraphrasing - My family

Find the correct word for the given phrase.

Example: the woman that a man is married to - wife

1. the husband of your aunt - _____________________________ 2. a person's father or mother - _____________________________ 3. your brother's wife - _____________________________ 4. the son of your sister - _____________________________ 5. the man that a woman is engaged to - ______________________ 6. a person's female child - _____________________________ 7. the father of your father - _____________________________ 8. a child of your uncle - _____________________________

VIII. Paraphrasing - School

Find the correct word or words for the given phrase.

Example: a period of time when the children learn - lesson

1. the time between the lessons - _____________________________ 2. a list which shows when lessons begin and end - ______________ 3. a large thing where the teacher writes on with a piece of chalk - _____ 4. the material that you write and draw on - ______________________ 5. a small bag for your pens - _____________________________ 6. a special word for a child in a school - ______________________ 7. the room where the children and a teacher are - __________________ 8. the person who looks after the school - ________________________ 9. a formal written, spoken or practical test - ______________________ 10. the people who work at a school - _________________________

IX. Robin Hood

Fill in the following words into the gaps. ancient, ballads, band, been, English, evidence, figure, his, king, lips, name, no, outlaws, sung, than, this, the, was, wrapped

Of all the popular heroes of the ______________ people, none as ever achieved an equal ______________ and fame with Robin Hood. For more ______________ six hundred years, songs and ballads of ______________ famous outlaw have been familiar on the ______________ of the peasantry. Kings and princes have ______________ forgotten, but not Robin Hood and his ______________ of bold followers in merry Sherwood Forest. ______________ adventures were told in

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rhymes, which were ______________ at village merry-makings. We have no clear ______________ of Robin Hood's life history: all is ______________ in the dim mist of legend and ______________ history. There are students of the old ______________ and stories who say that Robin Hood ______________ an actual leader in Sherwood Forest, a ______________ of the greenwood, a true and living ______________ and there are others who say that ______________ doings of a famous band of ______________ have gathered about his name, and that ______________ real Robin Hood existed.

X. Face - Write the correct word into the gap.

Example: 0 – hair

1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________ 5. _____________________________ 6. _____________________________ 7. _____________________________ 8. _____________________________ 9. _____________________________

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Lesson VIII

Cooking Read the dialogue: (At a friend's house) Carol: This is a lovely house! Martha: Thank you. Carol, we call it home. Carol: It's very close to work, isn't it? Martha: Yes, it is. I always walk to work - even when it rains! Carol: I usually take the bus. It takes so long! Martha: How long does it take? Carol: Oh, it takes about 20 minutes. Martha: That is a long time. Well, have some cake. Carol: (taking a bite of some cake) this is delicious! Do you bake all of your own cakes? Martha: Yes, I usually bake something at the weekend. I like having sweets in the house. Carol: You're a wonderful cook! Martha: Thank you, it's nothing really. Carol: I never cook. I'm just hopeless. My husband, David, usually does all the cooking. Martha: Do you often go out to eat? Carol: Yes, when he doesn't have time to cook, we go out to eat somewhere. Martha: There are some wonderful restaurants in the city. Carol: Too many! You can eat at a different restaurant every day. Monday - Chinese, Tuesday - Italian, Wednesday - Mexican, on and on ... Grocery Shopping in English A grocery store is also called a supermarket or a greengrocer. Chain grocery stores are referred to by name. Learn the names of these stores before you travel to a new country. Superstores or department stores often have full grocery sections inside. Shop Smart Grocery stores are set up for you to buy more than you need. Fresh foods and staples are usually placed in the outside aisles or at the far end of a grocery store. At the front you will find convenience foods and sale items. At the checkout you will find things you probably don’t need, such as chocolate bars and magazines. The store is counting on you to throw a few of these items into your cart or basket. This is called impulse shopping. Can you resist the temptation? Gathering and packing Most grocery stores offer a variety of options for gathering and packing items. Don’t be surprised if you have to buy your bags.

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Vocabulary shopping cart: pushcart on wheels (you may have to put a coin deposit in the slot) basket: plastic container with handles; useful for quick grocery trips when you only need a few items. box: sometimes available for free at the checkout plastic or paper bags: you may have to pay for these reusable bags: bring your own (or buy and reuse) Main Aisles and Sections Here are the main aisles (or sections) in a grocery store as well as some example items you will find in them. produce: fresh fruit and vegetables frozen food: juice, pizzas, fruit and vegetables bulk food: peanuts, candy, flour, snacks (You bag yourself. You choose the amount.) baking: pre-packaged goods such as flour, sugar, salt, and chocolate chips. breads: packaged breads, bagels, hamburger and hot dog buns meat and seafood: packaged beef, chicken, fish deli: freshly sliced meats and cheeses (You tell the butcher how much you want.) bakery: fresh breads, muffins, cakes to order dairy: milk, eggs, dairy, yogurt pasta and rice: spaghetti, penne, wild rice, whole wheat pasta ethnic foods: foods from countries in other parts of the world canned foods: beans, pasta sauce, canned fruit and vegetables condiments: ketchup, BBQ sauce, salad dressings, oil snacks: chips, packaged candy, cookies, crackers cereal: boxed breakfast cereals and bars, oats, granola. beverages: juice, pop, coffee, tea, household items: toilet paper, tissue paper, garbage bags, detergent, diapers health and beauty and or pharmacy: make up, deodorant, feminine products, medicine Read the signs above you before you get into a line. - express checkout: For people buying a few items. The sign will show how many items you are allowed to have (1-12). - automatic checkout: You swipe and bag your own groceries and pay with a credit or debit card. - closed: Many stores use a lighting system to show which line ups are open for service. If the light is on the aisle is likely open. Questions to ask in a Grocery Store You don’t always need to ask someone who works in the store. The shopper next to you may be able to tell you where to find the sugar. Can you tell me where the produce section is? Can you do a price check for me? Do you have prepackaged candy?

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Do you have more flour in the back. (If a shelf is empty.) Is this on sale? Do you sell stamps, lottery tickets, alcohol? (grocery stores in some countries are not licensed to sell alcohol) Discounts Do you have a discount card? Many clerks will ask this. Membership cards at grocery stores are usually free. They provide you with a discount on many items. Are you going to use this store a few times? Fill out a form and get a card! It will be worth your time. If you don’t have a card, don’t be fooled by the prices on food. Many foods are advertised at membership prices. Without a card you’ll pay a higher price. Brand name items are typically more expensive than no name or store named items. Common Courtesy If the person behind you only has one or two items, you can invite the shopper to go in front of you. Say, “You can go ahead of me. You’re just buying a few things.” If there is a divider (small stick) on the conveyer belt at the checkout, place it after your items. This will allow the person behind you to start placing his or her groceries down too. Grocery Shopping Tips Did you write out a list? Creating an English grocery list is a fun and simple way to practise English. You can even create a master list using the sections above. Add subcategories for all the foods you normally buy. Leave extra spaces for special items that you need once in a while. If you’re shopping with children, bring a snack or toy!

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Lesson IX

World Food Lasagna comes from Italy. It is made of pasta, meat, tomato sauce and cheese. Sometimes, people add eggplant. Omelette is popular in the UK. You can mix ham, onions, leeks and asparagus into the egg to make a delicious omelette. Sweet and sour pork is from China. In this dish, there are small pieces of pork, mixed with sugar, onion, garlic, pineapple and soy sauce. The sauce tastes very sweet. Curry comes from India and Thailand. You can use different meats and vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower. Questions 1. Where does lasagna come from?_______________________________ 2. What is it made of? _________________________________________ 3. Where is omelette popular? __________________________________ 4. What can you mix to make a delicious omelette?__________________ 5. Where is sweet and sour pork from?____________________________ 6. What is the dish made of? ____________________________________ 7. Where does curry come from? ________________________________ 8. What different things can you put in curry? ______________________

Tom’s Daily Routines I always get up at seven o'clock. Then I eat breakfast. I usually eat bread and drink a glass of milk. Then I feed the cat. I always eat lunch at eleven forty five. At lunch time I usually drink coke and eat a bowl of rice. I usually have dinner at six o'clock in the evening. Later, I do my homework and go to bed. I often go to bed at nine o'clock. Questions 1. What time does he always get up? ___________________________ 2. What does he do after that?_________________________________ 3. What does he usually eat for breakfast? _______________________ 4. What time does he always eat lunch? _________________________ 5. What does he usually eat and drink for lunch? __________________ 6. When does he usually have dinner? __________________________ 7. What does he do after dinner? _____________________________ 8. What time does he usually go to bed? _______________________

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Tom goes to eat breakfast Tom wants to eat breakfast. He goes to the restaurant. He is hungry. He orders a slice of pizza, a cup of tea and a carton of milk. The waiter asks Tom if he wants something else. Tom says, he wants a piece of cheese and a bowl of soup. Tom eats all his food and pays the bill. He is full now. He goes to work. Questions 1. Where does Tom go? _________________________________ 2. What does he order? __________________________________ 3. What does the waiter ask him? ___________________________ 4. How does Tom feel after eating? _________________________ 5. Where does Tom go after eating?________________________

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Lesson X

“SUCCESSFUL” FAILURES Western civilisation is obsessed with success, even though most of us have a

genuine flair for the exact opposite. Several years ago, the writer Stephen Pile decided to do something about it: he formed the ‘Not Terribly Good Club of Great Britain’. To get into the Club, you had to be not terribly good at something and preferably absolutely awful ! Members addressed the Club on the things they did worst or couldn’t do at all. Sometimes they gave displays and won standing ovations. Over the years they held appalling musical evenings, art exhibitions and so on until the membership grew from 20 to 200.

The official book of the Club which Stephen Pile produced in 1979 under the title The Book of Heroic Failures was described by critics at the same time of its publication as ‘irresistible’, ‘incredibly funny’, ‘almost unbelievable’ and ‘one of the most fascinating books I’ve ever read’. Here are two extracts from that book.

The most incapable, least successful bank robber. Since he did not want to attract attention to himself, a bank robber at Portland,

Oregon, in 1969 wrote all his instructions on a piece of paper rather than speak and shout. ‘This is a hold-up and I’ve got a gun,’ he wrote, and held the paper up for the cashier to read. Astonished, the cashier waited while the robber wrote out, ‘Put all the money in a paper bag.’ The message was pushed through the grille. The cashier read it and then wrote on the bottom, ‘I haven’t got a paper bag,’ and passed it back. The bank robber fled.

The worst hijacker. We shall never know the identity of the man who in 1976 made the most

remarkable and least successful hijack attempt of all time. On a flight across America, he rose from his seat, drew out a gun and took the stewardess hostage. Her alarm quickly changed to amused astonishment when he said, ‘Take me to Detroit.’ ‘We’re already going to Detroit,’ she replied. ‘Oh, …good,’ he said, and sat down again. Comprehension Questions: 1. What was the name of the Club? 2. Who formed it and when did he form it? 3. How could one get into the Club? 4. What kinds of meetings and events did the Club have? 5. How did the critics describe the ‘official handbook’? 6. Do you believe that the club really existed? Your turn: What is…. 1. The dirtiest city in the world? 2. The most beautiful animal in the world and why? 3. Your most unforgettable experience? 4. The bravest person you know?

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5. The most difficult thing about learning English? 6. The most impressive building in the world? Vocabulary: Genuine = original, veritabil, adevarat Flair = fler, talent natural, aptitudine Awful = teribil, inspaimintator, groaznic Displays = manifestare, expozitie, etalare Standing ovations = ovatii in picioare Appalling = inspaimantator, infiorator Grille = grilaj To flee – fled – fled = a fugi (de) Hostage = ostatic Handbook = manual

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Lesson XI

Today's Special Read the dialogue: (in a restaurant) Waiter: Good afternoon, how can I help you today? Jennifer: I'd like a table for one, please. Waiter: Right this way. (walks to table) Here you are. Jennifer: Thank you. Can I have a menu? Waiter: (hands a menu) Here you are. My name's Alan and I'm your waiter today. Would you like to hear today's specials? Jennifer: Certainly. Waiter: Well, we have a wonderful mushroom soup to start off with. Today's main course is fish and chips. Jennifer: Fish and chips? Is the fish fresh? Waiter: Certainly, madam. Fresh off the docks this morning. Jennifer: Alright, I'd like the fish and chips. Waiter: Would you like to have a starter? Jennifer: hmmm, I'm not sure. Waiter: Our salads are excellent, madam. Jennifer: I'd like a green salad. Waiter: Very good. Would you like something to drink? Jennifer: Oh, I'd like some mineral water, please. Waiter: OK. So that's a green salad, fish and chips and mineral water. Jennifer: Yes, that's right. Waiter: Thank you and enjoy your lunch. Jennifer: Thank you.

Making a Dinner Reservation Complete Conversation Caller 1: Good Evening Brown's Grill how may I help you? Caller 2: Hello, I'd like to make a dinner reservation for Friday. Caller 1: Certainly, I'd be happy to help you with that. How many people are there in your party? Caller 2: There'll be four people. Caller 1: ... and what time would you like to make a reservation for? Caller 2: Let's say at seven o'clock. Caller 1: I'm afraid we don't have anything available then. We could seat you at six o'clock or at eight o'clock. Caller 2: Oh, OK. Let's make the reservation for eight o'clock. Caller 1: Fine, eight o'clock on Friday evening for four people. May have your name? Caller 2: Yes, it's Anderson.

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Caller 1: Is that Anderson with an 'e' or an 'o'? Caller 2: Anderson with an 'o'. Caller 1: Thank you. Great. I have a table for four for the Anderson party at eight o'clock on Friday evening. Caller 2: Thank you very much. Caller 1: You're welcome. We'll see you on Friday. Caller 2: Yes, see you then. Good bye. Caller 1: Good bye. Role Play: Caller 1 – Fill in the conversation Caller 1: Good Evening Brown's Grill how may I help you? Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: Certainly, I'd be happy to help you with that. How many people are there in your party? Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: ... and what time would you like to make a reservation for? Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: I'm afraid we don't have anything available then. We could seat you at six o'clock or at eight o'clock. Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: Fine, eight o'clock on Friday evening for four people. May have your name? Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: Is that Anderson with an 'e' or an 'o'? Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: Thank you. Great. I have a table for four for the Anderson party at eight o'clock on Friday evening. Caller 2: T_____ Caller 1: You're welcome. We'll see you on Friday. Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: Good bye. Role Play: Caller 2– Fill in the conversation Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Hello, I'd like to make a dinner reservation for Friday. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: There'll be four people. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Let's say at seven o'clock. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Oh, OK. Let's make the reservation for eight o'clock. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Yes, it's Anderson. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Anderson with an 'o'.

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Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Thank you very much. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Yes, see you then. Good bye. Caller 1: _____

I. The Sequence of Tenses and Reported Speech Reference time = present tense Past Present Present Future (will) Tense Perfect Tense ___________________________________________________________ Reference time = past tense Past Past Future in the Past Perfect Tense (would) __________________________________________________________ Vorbirea indirecta: (a) enunturi si (b) intrebari A. Verbul folosit in raportare este la prezent: He/ She says that …. He/ She is saying that …. He? She has said that …. - se fac modificari la nivel de persoana (in cazul predicatului si al pronumelui-subiect) (a) enunturi: “I work hard every day and I am very tired.”, he says. He says (that) he works hard every day and he is very tired. “I saw the film yesterday.”, she says. She says she saw the film yesterday. (b) intrebari - “yes/no” questions: “Did Tom help them with the report?”, he asks. He asks if / whether Tom helped them with the report. - “wh-“ questions: - “wh-“ = subject: “Who called you yesterday?”, he asks. He asks who called you yesterday. - “wh-“ = object: “Where have you been?”, she asks. She asks where you have been.

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B. Verbul folosit in raportare este la trecut: BACKSHIFT = se face trecerea de pe axa prezentului pe axa trecutului, conform corespondentelor indicate mai sus. - apar modificari la nivel de adverbe si adjective, astfel:

Vorbire directa

Vorbire indirecta 1. “I work hard every day and I am very tired.”, he said. He said he worked hard every day and he was tired. 2. “I saw the film yesterday.”, she said. She said she had seen the film the day before. 3. “Did Tom help them with the report?”, he asked. He asked if Tom had helped them with the report. 4. “Who called you yesterday?”, he asked. He asked who had called you the previous day. 5. “Where have you been?”, she asked. She asked where you had been.

this / these that / those here There today that day

tomorrow the next / the following day

next the next / the following yesterday the day before / the

previous day last week the week before / the

previous week 2 years ago 2 years before

now Then

II. Report the following:

1. “I’m so happy to see you here today.”, she said. ________________________________________________________ 2. “I don’t know you.”, he said. ________________________________________________________ 3. “We have been playing football all afternoon”, the boys said. ________________________________________________________ 4. “They will come back next week.”, mom told us. ________________________________________________________ 5. “There is an important meeting tonight.”, he reminded us. ________________________________________________________ 6. “We are sorry because we didn’t come last night.”, they said ________________________________________________________ 7. “Have you ever travelled by plane?”, she asks. _______________________________________________ 8. “How old are you?”, the boy wanted to know. _______________________________________________ 9. “What were you doing at 9 last night?”, the detective has asked. _______________________________________________________

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10. “Why did you leave your money in the room?”, he asks. _______________________________________________________ 11. “ How long have they been here?”, the teacher asked. _______________________________________________________ 12. “Where are they now?”, she wanted to know. _______________________________________________________

III. Translate into English and report the following:

1. Unde ti-ai petrecut vacanta de vara?, intreaba ea. _______________________________________________________ 2. Cine a raspuns la telefon ieri?, intreaba mama. _______________________________________________________ 3. De ce nu ai terminat de scris scrisoarea?, intreaba el. _______________________________________________________ 4. A inceput sa ploua?, intreaba ea. _______________________________________________________ 5. Va fi fericita daca o vei suna mine?, intreaba Tom. _______________________________________________________ 6. Unde locuiesti si citi ani ai?, a vrut el sa stie. _______________________________________________________ 7. Victor voia sa stie cum a fost vremea. ________________________________________________________ 8. Ma intreb de ce nu a venit. _______________________________________________________ 9. Te rog, spune-mi unde vrei sa mergi. _______________________________________________________ 10. Putini stiu ce mult munceste el. _______________________________________________________ 11. Vlad se intreba cind o sa vina postasul si daca o sa-i aduca vreo scrisoare. ________________________________________________________ 12. Ma intreba unde ma duc si ce am cumparat. ________________________________________________________

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Lesson XII

Ordering a Meal Read the dialogue: Hi. How are you doing this afternoon? Fine, thank you. Can I see a menu, please? Certainly, here you are. Thank you. What's today's special? Grilled tuna and cheese on rye. That sounds good. I'll have that. Would you like something to drink? Yes, I'd like a coke. Thank you. (returning with the food) Here you are. Enjoy your meal! Thank you. Can I get you anything else? No thanks. I'd like the check (bill - UK English), please. That'll be $6.75. Here you are. Keep the change! Thank you! Have a good day! Bye. Key Vocabulary Can I see a menu? here you are Enjoy your meal! Would you like ... Can I get you anything else? I'd like the check (bill - UK English), please. That'll be $6.75. Have a good day!

A Great Workout (Two friends at the gym) Janet: Wow, this gym is great! What a fantastic workout! Susan: Yes, I like coming here very much. What other sports can you do? Janet: Well, I can play tennis, I can do a little karate and I go windsurfing in the summer. Susan: You're very fit! I can't do many sports. I like coming to the gym because the exercises are easy. Janet: Listen, I have an idea. Why don't you come to karate class with me? Susan: No, I can't do karate...

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Janet: ... but you can learn! Karate is a great sport. How about coming with me on Saturday? Susan: well, .... OK. Janet: Great, why don't we meet at my house at 10 in the morning? Susan: Sure, that's a good idea. (changing subjects) By the way, what other hobbies do you have? Janet: I like going to the cinema, and reading a little. Susan: Do you like cooking, or baking? Janet: No, I can't cook. I'm a horrible cook! Susan: Oh, I love cooking. I tell you what. Why don't I cook lunch after karate class? Janet: Now that's a great idea! Susan: OK, karate and lunch on Saturday. It's a date!

A Busy Day (two friends speaking in a park when they meet each other jogging) Barbara: Hi, Katherine, how are you today? Katherine: I'm great and you? Barbara: VERY busy! I'm jogging now, but later I have to do a lot! Katherine: What do you have to do? Barbara: Well, first of all, I have to do the shopping. We don't have anything to eat at home. Katherine: ... and then? Barbara: Little Johnny has a basketball game this afternoon. I'm driving him to the game. Katherine: Oh, how is his team doing? Barbara: They're doing very well. Next week, they're travelling to Toronto for a tournament. Katherine: That's impressive. Barbara: Well, Johnny likes playing basketball. I'm happy he's enjoying it. What are you doing today? Katherine: I'm not doing much. I'm meeting some friends for lunch, but, other than that, I don't have much to do today. Barbara: You're so lucky! Katherine: No, you're the lucky one. I'd like to have so many things to do.

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Lesson XIII

Interview with a Famous Actor Read the dialogue: Interviewer: Thank you for taking some time off from your busy schedule to answer a few questions about your life! Brad: It's my pleasure. Interviewer: Could you tell us about an average day in your life? Brad: Sure, I get up early - at 7 in the morning. Then I have breakfast. After breakfast, I go to the gym. Interviewer: Are you studying anything now? Brad: Yes, I'm learning a new film called "The Man About Town". Interviewer: What do you do in the afternoon? Brad: First I have lunch, then I go to the studio and shoot some scenes. Interviewer: Which scene are you acting today? Brad: I'm acting a scene about an angry lover. Interviewer: That's very interesting. What do you do in the evening? Brad: In the evening, I go home and have dinner and study my scripts. Interviewer: Do you go out at night? Brad: Not always, I like going out at weekends.

An Interview at the Shopping Mall

Interviewer: Good evening, I hope you don't mind answering a few questions. Alice: How long will it take? Interviewer: Just a few questions. Alice: I guess I can manage to answer a few questions. Go ahead. Interviewer: I'd like to ask your opinion about consumer electronics. As far as consumer electronics is concerned, which is the most reliable brand? Alice: I'd say that Samsung is the most reliable brand. Interviewer: Which brand is the most expensive? Alice: Well, Samsung is also the most expensive brand. I guess that's why it's the best. Interviewer: Which brand do you think is the worst? Alice: I think LG is the worst. I really can't remember using any of their products that I liked. Interviewer: And which brand is the most popular with young people? Alice: That's a difficult one to answer for me. I think that Sony is probably the most popular with young people. Interviewer: One last question, Have you tried using any HP products? Alice: No, I haven't. Are they good? Interviewer: I enjoy using them. But I didn't stop you to tell you what I think. Thank you for your time. Alice: Not at all.

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Lesson XIV

What's in Your Office? Read the dialogue: David: I've got a new office now… Maria: That's great! Congratulations. David: I'll need a desk and some cabinets. How many cabinets are there in your office? Maria: I think there are four cabinets in my office. David: And do you have any furniture in your office? I mean other than the chair at your desk. Maria: Oh yes, I've got a sofa and two comfortable armchairs. David: Are there any tables in your office? Maria: Yes, I've got a table in front of the sofa. David: Is there a computer in your office? Maria: Oh yes, I keep a laptop on my desk next to the phone. David: Are there any flowers or plants in your office? Maria: Yes, there are a few plants near the window. David: Where's your sofa? Maria: The sofa is in front of the window, between the two armchairs. David: Thanks a lot for your help Janet. This gives me a good idea of how to arrange my office. Maria: My pleasure. Good luck with your decorating!

A New Office (In an office) Jennifer: (speaking to Bob who is outside the office) Hi Bob, come in. This is my new office! Bob: Wow, it's great. There's so much furniture. A sofa, armchair ... Jennifer: How about my desk. Isn't it beautiful? Bob: Yes, look at that. Is that a new computer? Jennifer: Yes, it is. The latest model! Bob: ... but there aren't any windows in here. Jennifer: No, no, there are some windows. They're over there. Bob: Is that New Times magazine on your desk? Jennifer: Yes, it is. There are some more copies in the cupboard. Bob: It's a great magazine. I love it. Jennifer: Yes, lots of good information. Would you like a cup of coffee? Bob: Sure, is there a coffee maker here, too? Jennifer: Yes, there is. There's everything in THIS office. Bob: You're lucky! Jennifer: Yes, I am. You're welcome anytime, now let's make that coffee...

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The Meeting (Two workers in an office) James: Hi Alice. How are you today? Alice: Hi James. I'm fine, and you? James: Great, thank you. Remember, the meeting is at 3 o'clock. Alice: Excuse me, which meeting? James: Which meeting?! The meeting with the boss! Alice: Are you sure there is a meeting today? James: Alice, Alice, every month there is a meeting with the boss. This month that meeting is this afternoon. Alice: Calm down. OK, there's a meeting this afternoon. What time is it? James: Alice, this is important. The meeting is at three o'clock sharp! Alice: Thank you James... By the way, what time is it now? James: It's quarter past eleven. Alice: It's time for lunch! James: Lunch, now? Lunch time is at twelve. Alice: Well, I'm hungry now. James: You're funny Alice. This is an office. Alice: I'm hungry ... it's just a snack ...

Asking a Question about a Bill Complete Conversation Caller 1: Good afternoon, Northwest Electricity, how may I help you? Caller 2: Good afternoon, this is Robert Tips, I have a question about my electricity bill this month. Caller 1: I'd be happy to help you with that Mr. Tips. Can I have your account number? Caller 2: I'm afraid I don't have that with me. Caller 1: It's no problem, I'll just look your name up in our database. Caller 2: Great. Caller 1: Could you give me your address as well? Caller 2: It's 2368 NW 21st Ave. Vancouver, Washington. Caller 1: Yes, I have your account up on my computer. How may I help you? Caller 2: The last bill I received seemed too high. Caller 1: Yes, I see that it was considerably higher than last year. Did you use more electricity? Caller 2: No, I don't think we used any more electricity that the year before. Caller 1: OK, I'll tell you what I can do. I'll mark this and have a supervisor take a look at the account. Caller 2: Thank you. When can I expect an answer? Caller 1: We should have an answer for you by the end of the week. I'll give you an inquiry number. Caller 2: OK, let me get a pen .... OK, I'm ready.

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Caller 1: It's 3471. Caller 2: That's 3471. Caller 1: Yes, that's correct. Caller 2: Thank you for your help. Role Play: Caller 1 – Fill in the conversation Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Good afternoon, this is Robert Tips, I have a question about my electricity bill this month. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: I'm afraid I don't have that with me. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Great. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: It's 2368 NW 21st Ave. Vancouver, Washington. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: The last bill I received seemed too high. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: No, I don't think we used any more electricity that the year before. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Thank you. When can I expect an answer? Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: OK, let me get a pen .... OK, I'm ready. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: That's 3471. Caller 1: _____ Caller 2: Thank you for your help. Role Play: Caller 2– Fill in the conversation Caller 1: Good afternoon, Northwest Electricity, how may I help you? Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: I'd be happy to help you with that Mr. Tips. Can I have your account number? Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: It's no problem, I'll just look your name up in our database. Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: Could you give me your address as well? Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: Yes, I have your account up on my computer. How may I help you? Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: Yes, I see that it was considerably higher than last year. Did you use more electricity? Caller 2: _____

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Caller 1: OK, I'll tell you what I can do. I'll mark this and have a supervisor take a look at the account. Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: We should have an answer for you by the end of the week. I'll give you an inquiry number. Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: It's 3471. Caller 2: _____ Caller 1: Yes, that's correct. Caller 2: _____

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Lesson XV

Good Neighbours

After school one winter day, Jack's mother told him to go out and play in the snow. "But it's so cold outside, Mother!" Jack said. "Put on your coat and your hat and your mittens," his mother said. "You can build a snowman before your father comes home." "I'm going to need a carrot for the nose," Jack said. "And I'll need some things for the snowman's hat and face."

Jack got a bucket and everything he needed to decorate his snowman. His mother promised to watch him build the snowman from the window. Outside, in his front yard, Jack started with a very small ball of snow. He got on his knees and rolled the snow into a big ball. At another window, someone else was watching Jack play. It was his new neighbour Naoko. Naoko asked her mother if she could go outside and help Jack build his snowman.

"It's very cold outside. Are you sure you want to go out and play?" her mother asked. "Yes, Mother!" Naoko said. "I will wear my coat and my hat and my mittens." Naoko's mother helped her put on her winter clothes and promised to watch her from the window. "You can play until your father comes home," her mother said.

Naoko ran outside to Jack's yard and asked if she could help him finish his snowman. "Yes, please help me," Jack said. "My father will be home from work very soon." "Okay. What can I do?" Naoko asked. "I built my snowman's body with two snowballs. I need to roll one more for my snowman's head." "But snowmen only have two snowballs. One is for the body and one is for the head," Naoko said. "No, snowmen always have three snowballs," Jack said. "I don't think I need you to help me after all." Jack picked up some snow and made it into a small snowball. He got on his knees and rolled the snow away from Naoko to make the snowman's head.

Naoko walked into her own yard and began to build her own snowman. "I don't want to build a snowman with Jack anyway," she thought. "I'm going to make my own."

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Naoko rolled two big balls of snow and put them on top of each other. When she finished that she took off her hat and scarf and decorated the snowman. In the end, she found some sticks and pine cones and made her snowman's eyes and mouth and arms. Her mother clapped from the window.

Jack made a hat for his snowman with his bucket. He used his mother's buttons for the eyes and mouth. In the end, he added a carrot for the snowman's nose. After he finished, Jack's mother smiled and pointed. His father was driving up the street. Suddenly a terrible thing happened. The head fell off Jack's snowman and crashed to the ground! "Oh, no! My snowman fell apart," Jack said, "and my father is almost home!"

Naoko heard Jack's cry and ran over to his yard to see what the problem was. "I'll help you roll another snowball," Naoko said. "If we do it together we can finish it before your father gets home." Together, Jack and Naoko rolled a new snowball. They shaped it with their mittens until it was round. Then they lifted it up onto the snowman's body and decorated it with the carrot and bucket and buttons. "We finished it just in time," Jack said. "Thank you for your help." "You're welcome. I like your snowman better," Naoko said. "Mine doesn't have a nose."

Jack walked over to look at Naoko's snowman. He loved the pine cone eyes and mouth and the sticks for arms, but he knew it wasn't finished. Jack ran back to his snowman and pulled the carrot out. He broke it into two pieces and gave half to Naoko. "Hurry," Jack said. "Your snowman needs a nose and your father is driving up the street too." "Thank you," Naoko said. "You're welcome," Jack said. "I think our snowmen make good neighbours."

A. Do you understand what the words in the story mean?

Match the vocabulary with the definitions: a finish 1 to turn over and over b mittens 2 To make by putting things together c help 3 glass that you can see out of d neighbour 4 to add something attractive e bucket 5 a person who lives beside you f yard 6 a container with a handle g roll 7 to make a job easier for another person

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h decorate 8 an area of land around a house i build 9 warm coverings for your hands j window 10 to complete or come to the end of an activity present past

help helped roll __________

build __________ decorate __________

finish __________

B. Do you understand how to use the words from the story?

1. Naoko _______________ Jack fix his snowman.

a. helped b. decorate c. build d. yard

2. Jack _______________ his snowman with a carrot.

a. rolled b. help c. decorated d. bucket

3. Jack and Naoko are new _______________.

a. mittens b. yard c. neighbours d. finished

4. Naoko's snowman is in her _______________.

a. window b. bucket c. yard d. built

5. The children _______________ the snow into a ball.

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a. rolled b. yard c. decorate d. mittens

C. Do you understand what the story is about?

1. What time of year is it in this story?

a. winter b. summer c. spring d. fall

2. Who tells Naoko she can play outside?

a. her mother b. Jack c. her father d. the snowman

3. Who are Jack and Naoko?

a. They are best friends. b. They are new neighbours. c. They are brother and sister. d. They are mother and father.

4. What was the problem with Jack's snowman?

a. It lost its nose. b. It was too cold. c. It had no hat. d. Its head fell off.

5. What does Jack share with Naoko?

a. his window b. a carrot c. his mittens d. his pine cones

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Lesson XVI

Putting Someone Through Read the dialogue: Receptionist: Janson Wine Importers. Good Morning. How can I help you? Caller: Could I speak to Ms Simpleton, please? Receptionist: Who's calling please? Caller: This is Jack Reilly from Lookout Vineyards. Receptionist: Sorry, I didn't get your name. Caller: Jack Reilly. That's R E I L L Y. Receptionist: Thank you. And where are you calling from? Caller: Lookout Vineyards. Receptionist: OK Mr Reilly. I'll try and put you through. Caller: Thank you. Receptionist: You're welcome. Key Vocabulary importer to get someone's name to put through

Deliveries and Suppliers Susan: Doug, can I talk with you for a moment? Doug: What can I do for you Susan? Susan: I'm concerned about the delays we're experiencing with some of our suppliers. Doug: We're doing everything to get back on schedule. Susan: Could you give me an approximate timeline? Doug: A number of deliveries are arriving tomorrow. Unfortunately, this time of year is often troublesome. Susan: That's not good. We can't make excuses to our clients. Are all shipments affected? Doug: No, but it is summer and some companies are cutting back until September. Susan: Where are most of our suppliers located? Doug: Well, most of them are in China, but there are a few in California. Susan: How does that affect deliveries? Doug: Well, there are weather delays and shipment delays due to reduced production. Sometimes, larger packages are delayed because of a bottleneck at the distribution point. Susan: Is there any way around these delays? Doug: Well, we often work with delivery services such as UPS, Fed ex or DHL for our most urgent shipping. They guarantee door-to-door deliveries within 48 hours. Susan: Are they expensive? Doug: Yes, they're very expensive at that cuts into our bottom line.

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Key Vocabulary delay supplier to get back on schedule timeline delivery shipment to cut back to make excuses increased / reduced production package bottleneck distribution point bottom line to cut into

Placing an Order on the telephone Jane Tegal: Hello, this is Jane Tegal from Excellerator Co. calling. May I speak to Mr. Mitchell? Arthur Mitchell: Hello Ms Tegal, this is Arthur Mitchell. Jane Tegal: Hello, I'd like to place an order for a number of your Millennium desk units. Arthur Mitchell: Certainly. How many were you interested in ordering for purchase? Jane Tegal: Quite a few. Do you have many available in the warehouse? Arthur Mitchell: We keep a large supply in stock. There's also a showroom with quite a few on hand. It shouldn't be a problem. Jane Tegal: Well then. I'd like 75 units by the end of the month. Could I get an estimate before place an order? Arthur Mitchell: Certainly, I'll have it for you by the end of the day. Jane Tegal: What does the estimate include? Arthur Mitchell: Estimates include merchandise, packaging and shipping, duty if required, any taxes and insurance. Jane Tegal: Do you ship door-to-door? Arthur Mitchell: Certainly, all shipments are door-to-door. Delivery dates depend on your location, but we can usually deliver within 14 business days. Jane Tegal: Thank you for your help. Arthur Mitchell: My pleasure. You can expect an e-mail by 5 this afternoon. Key Vocabulary unit to place an order warehouse to purchase to be available supply

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in stock showroom to be on hand estimate door-to-door shipping to depend on something location

Sales Terminology Julian: I'm new to this job, could you explain some of the terminology? Jack: That's what I'm here for. Shoot. Julian: What's the difference between retail and wholesale? Jack: Wholesale is to distributors. Retail to consumers. Julian: Distributors? Consumers? Jack: Distributors are stores that sell our merchandise. Consumers are the people who buy the products. Julian: Oh, I see. What's a bill of lading? Jack: The bill of lading lists the merchandise shipped. It's included with every shipment or delivery. Julian: I get what pre-paid means. That means the merchandise has been paid for. But, what's C.O.D.? Jack: Cash on delivery. Julian: What does that mean? Jack: Exactly what it says: cash is paid upon receiving the goods. Of course, it could be a credit card or a check, as well. Julian: Oh, I understand. What's a delivery fee? Jack: The delivery fee is an extra charge that the customer pays to have the goods delivered. Julian: I think I'm beginning to understand now. Key Vocabulary retail wholesale distributor consumer merchandise bill of lading pre-paid COD - Cash on Delivery to receive goods fee

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Lesson XVII

On a Business Trip - A Presentation Read the dialogue: Betsy: Hi, Brian, this is Betsy. How are you doing? Brian: I've just returned from the Head Office. The weather is great! Boston is a great city! Betsy: Have you met Frank yet? Brian: No, I haven't seen him yet. We have a meeting at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning. We are going to meet then. Betsy: Have you made your presentation yet? Brian: Yes, I made the presentation yesterday afternoon. I was very nervous, but everything went well. Betsy: Has management given you any feedback yet? Brian: Yes, I've already met with the sales director. We met immediately after the meeting and he was impressed with our work. Betsy: That's great Brian. Congratulations! Have you visited any museums yet? Brian: No, I'm afraid I haven't had any time yet. I hope to take a tour around town tomorrow. Betsy: Well, I'm happy to hear that everything is going well. I'll talk to you soon. Brian: Thanks for calling Betsy. Bye. Betsy: Bye.

A Business Traveller Interviewer: Good morning Sir. I'd like to ask you a few questions if I may. Jack: Well, I'm waiting to catch my flight so I guess I can answer a few questions. Interviewer: Thank you Sir. First of all, how often do you travel? Jack: I travel about twice a month. Interviewer: Where are you flying to on this trip? Jack: I'm flying to Austin, Texas. Interviewer: … and where did you fly on your last trip? Jack: I flew to Portland, Oregon. I've already been there three times! Interviewer: Really! Do you enjoy travelling for business? Jack: Yes, although I prefer staying in the office. Interviewer: What do you like most about travelling? Jack: I like visiting new cities and trying out new food. Interviewer: Is there anywhere you would like to visit that you haven't visited yet? Jack: Yes, I'd like to go to Hawaii! I love going to the beach! Interviewer: Thank you very much for your time today. Jack: You're welcome. My pleasure.

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I. Talking About Australia - Using Conjunctions Australia is very hot in December, _________ cold in July._________ the country is _________, there aren't many people living there. Australia has a lot of interesting _________. The koala is cute, _________ the crocodile is _________. Australia has a lot of open spaces, _________the weather is good, _________ sport is very _________. Australian people _________ eat barbecued food. but, animals, often, popular, big, and, although, dangerous, but, so II. My Summer Holiday This summer, my parents and I spent two relaxing weeks in England. The first place we visited was London, a beautiful and busy city. We went for long walks in the parks and gardens there and met a lot of tourists from various countries in the world. I remember the wonderful time we had in Trafalgar Square, where we saw many street actors and their interesting shows. We also went to the Houses of Parliament, we took pictures of the royal guard and walked across London Bridge. Fortunately, the weather was not very wet. It only rained for a few days, but during most of our holiday the sun shone brightly and a light wind blew especially in the morning. The nights were pretty warm and we could stay out as long as we wanted. We were happy because we did not need the warm clothes we had taken we us. I really liked the English breakfast I had almost every morning, because it was delicious and varied. I ate ham and eggs, sausages and toast and I drank a lot of tea. My parents only had coffee in the morning and if they were really hungry they ate some fruits. I also ate the best cakes ever at a traditional bakery near our hotel. Unfortunately, the two weeks were not enough for us to do everything we had planned, so we decided to go back to England for the Christmas holiday this year. Vacanta mea de vara In vara aceasta, parintii mei si eu am petrecut doua saptamani relaxante in Anglia. Primul loc pe care l-am vizitat a fost Londra, un oras frumos si aglomerat. Am facut plimbari lungi in parcuri si gradini si am intilnit multi turisti din diverse tari ale lumii.

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Imi amintesc ce mult ne-am distrat in Trafalgar Square (o piata), unde am vazut multi actori ambulanti si spectacolele lor interesante. Am mers de asemenea la Palatul Parlamentului, and facut poze cu garda regala si am traversat pe jos London Bridge (un pod). Din fericire, vremea nu a fost prea umeda. A plouat doar citeva zile, dar in marea partte a vacantei soarele a stralucit cu putere si un vint usor a batut, mai ales dimineata. Noptile au fost destul de caldute si am putut sta afara cit am vrut. Am fost fericiti pt ca nu am avut nevoie de hainele groase pe care le luaseram cu noi. mi-a placut cu adevarat micul dejun englezesc pe care l-am servit aproape in fiecare dimineata. Am mincat sunca si ous, cirnati si pine prajita si am baut mult ceai. Parintii mei au servit doar cafea dimineata si daca le era foarte foame mincau niste fructe. Am mincat de asemenea cele mai bune prajituri la o brutarie traditionala de linga hotelul nostrum. Din pacate, cele doua saptamani nu au fost suficiente ca sa facem tot ce planuisem, asa ca am hotarit sa mergem inapoi in Anglia in vacanta de Craciun anul acesta. III. How I Spent My Easter Holiday My Easter holiday was a week of relaxation and fun. On Monday, I woke up very late and I spent the morning and the afternoon reading my favourite magazines because I needed some help in choosing nice presents for my family. Then, in the evening, my mother took me to the cinema to see “Ice Age 2” and we had a lot of fun. I spent the next two days at my cousin’s house, where we played some computer games, surfed the internet to find information for our school projects in biology and geography and we also listened to music a lot. In the evenings, when my aunt came home from work, we helped her clean the house and cook dinner. After this time away from my family, I came back home because my mom needed me to help her prepare for Easter. I cleaned my room, put all my toys and books on the shelves and even watered the flowers. On Thursday, mom and granny painted the eggs and I arranged them in the basket. In the evening we went for a walk in by the lake, where everything was green and full of life. At the week-end, my mom and I cooked what we needed for Easter. When everything was ready, we went roller-skating in the park and we also stopped at the church a little. On Sunday, we opened our presents, we visited our best friends and had plenty of good things to eat and drink. It was a wonderful holiday, but now it is over and I am happy to be back at school!

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Cum mi-am petrecut vacanta de Paste Vacanta mea de Paste a fost o saptamana de relaxare si distractie. Luni, m-am trezit foarte tarziu si mi-am petrecut dimineata citind revistele mele preferate pt ca aveam nevoie de ajutor in alegerea de cadouri dragute pt familia mea. Apoi, seara, mama m-a dus la cinema sa vad ICE AGE 2 si ne-am distrat mult. Mi-am petrecut urmatoarele doua zile la verisoara mea acasa, unde ne-am jucat jocuri pe calculator, am navigat pe net ca sa gasim informatii pentru proiectele noastre scolare la biologie si goegrafie si am ascultat si multa muzica. Seara, cind venea matusa mea acasa, o ajutam la curatenie in casa si la gatit cina. Dupa aceasta perioada departe de familia mea, am revenit acasa deoarece mama avea nevoie sa o ajut la pregatirile de Paste. Mi-am facut curat in camera, mi-am pus jucariile si cartile pe rafturi si chiar am udat florile. Joi, mama si bunica au vopsit ouale iar eu le-am aranjat in cosulet. Seara am mers a plimbare linga lac, unde totul era verde si plin de viata. In weekend, mama si eu am gatit tot ce aveam nevoie pentru Paste. Cind totul a fost gata, am mers cu rolele in parc si ne-am oprit si la biserica un pic. Duminica, ne-am desfacut cadourile, ne-a vizitat cei mai buni prieteni si am mincat si baut multe lucruri bune. A fost o vacanta minunata, dar acum s-a terminat si sunt fericita sa ma reintorc la scoala!

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Lesson XVIII

Getting a Room for the Night Read the dialogue: Good evening. Can I help you? Yes, please. I'd like a room for the night. Would you like a single room, or a double room? A single room, please. How much is the room? It's $55 per night. Can I pay by credit card? Certainly. We take Visa, Master Card and American Express. Could you fill in this form, please? Do you need my passport number? No, just an address and your signature. (fills out the form) Here you are. Here's your key. Your room number is 212. Thank you. Thank you. If you need anything, dial 0 for the reception area. Have a good stay! Key Vocabulary Can I help you I'd like a room single, double room Can I pay by credit card? fill in this form passport number room number reception

Checking In Good morning. Can I have your ticket, please? Here you are. Thank you. Would you like smoking or non-smoking? Non-smoking, please. Would you like a window or an aisle seat? An aisle seat, please. Do you have any baggage? Yes, this suitcase and this carry-on bag. Here's your boarding pass. Have a nice flight. Thank you. Passport Control Good morning. Can I see your passport?

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Here you are. Thank you very much. Are you a tourist or on business? I'm a tourist. That's fine. Have a pleasant stay. Thank you. Key Vocabulary Can I have your ticket? smoking, non-smoking window, aisle seat baggage, suitcase, carry-on bag boarding pass flight Can I see your passport? tourist, business

Directions I

Excuse me. Is there a bank near here? Yes. There's a bank on the corner. Thank you. You're welcome. Directions II Excuse me. Is there a supermarket near here? Yes. There's one near here. How do I get there? At the traffic lights, take the first left and go straight on. It's on the left. Is it far? Not really. Thank you. Don't mention it. Key Vocabulary Is there a _______ near here? on the corner, on the left, on the right straight on, straight ahead traffic lights Is it far?

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BBB EEE AAA UUU TTT III FFF UUU LLL RRR OOO MMM AAA NNN III AAA

• LOCATION Romania is situated in the South-Eastern part of Central Europe. It lies at the intersection of the 45N parallel and the 25E meridian. Its frontier separates it from Hungary and Yugoslavia (W, SW), Bulgaria (S), the Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova (NE, E).

• THE RELIEF The relief includes mountains, hills, plains and a delta. There are also many rivers and streams that flow across the country. Romania also has beautiful lakes and ponds.

o THE MOUNTAINS

The mountain area is dominated by the Carpathian range (maximum altitude at the Moldoveanu Peak of 2,544 m).

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The The SfinxSfinx

o THE DANUBE DELTA

The Danube River forms the southern boundery of the country. It flows into a beautiful Delta on the Black Sea, a heaven for many animals, birds and plants.

o THE BLACK SEA Warmed up by the sun all summer long, that is from May until September, the Black Sea, also known as Pontus Euxinus or the Hospitable Sea, is waiting for people to come and have a good time.

Neptun Beach

• FAUNA AND FLORA

o ROMANIAN ANIMALS Romania is home to a large variety of animals and birds. Some of these are endangered species. They are protected the state. The following animals and birds are probably most representative: the bear, the wolf, the fox, the deer, the stork, the sparrow.

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o ROMANIAN PLANTS Romania is rich in species of plants. Out of about 3,700 species, 23 species are declared natural monuments, 74 species are extinct, 39 species are endangered, 171 species are vulnerable and 1,256 are rare species.

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• ROMANIAN TOWNS AND CITIES The capital city of Romania is Bucharest, the place we live in. It is situated on the Dambovita River. It has many parks, schools, theatres and museums. Other important Romanian towns are: Constanta (at the Black Sea), Iasi (in Moldavia), Cluj and Brasov (in Transilvnia), Timisoara (in Banat) and Craiova (in Oltenia).

Bucharest Constanta Iasi Cluj

Brasov Timisoara Craiova

• ROMANIAN PALACES AND CASTLES Situated in the Bucegi Mountains, the famous Bran Castle is often referred to as Dracula's Castle. Near Sinaia, in the valley of river Prahova, we find the Peles Castle and the Pelisor Castle. In Bucharest, people can visit the Cotroceni Palace, the Royal Palace, or the Cantacuzino Palace.

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Bran Castle Peles Castle Pelisor Castle

Cotroceni Palace Royal Palace Cantacuzino Palace

In conclusion, this is my beautiful Romania!

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Lesson XIX

Taking the Bus Are you worried about taking the bus in a foreign country? Which bus will you take? How much does it cost? Will you have to change buses? These are all questions that go through your mind at the bus stop. Don’t worry! Bus drivers will help you find your way. Other passengers will too. All you have to do is ask! Questions to ask at the bus stop Which bus goes to the airport? How often does bus number 301 come? Does the downtown bus stop here? Where do I catch the bus to the hospital/airport/mall/library/university? Is this the bus that goes down Main Street? (when you see one coming) Responses you may hear I’m sorry, I’m not from here. The bus comes every fifteen minutes. The bus comes once an hour. You need bus #14. Any bus will take you to the airport. It will be here any minute. (very soon) Talking to the bus driver Is this an express bus? (a bus that makes very few stops) How much is the fare to …? What is the child’s fare? Is there a student fare? Do I need a transfer? May I have a transfer, please? I need to get off at … Can you tell me when we get to …? Which is the closest stop to …? How far is it to the …? Show some courtesy to other passengers May I sit here? Would you like my seat? I’ll stand. I can move over for you. Excuse me, this is my stop. (If someone is sitting beside you or blocking the door.)

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Useful Vocabulary transfer (verb): to go from one bus to another using the same ticket transfer (noun): a piece of paper that shows you paid for a bus and lets you get on another bus going another way bus fare: the amount of money to pay the driver bus route: the way the bus goes; usually associated with a # or place name get off: leave the bus get on/board: enter the bus rear seats: seating at the back of the bus aisle: the long hall you walk down courtesy/reserved/handicapped seating: to be used by those who need extra time or help to get on or off the bus public transit: transportation that anyone can use (buses, subways, trains) Tip: On some buses you are supposed to get off at the back of the bus. Sit or stand near the rear doors to avoid missing your stop. In some countries you pull a chain or ring a bell before your stop. Many drivers will only stop at official bus stops. Express buses do not stop at all stops.

Taking a Taxi If you are travelling to an English speaking country for business or pleasure, you will likely use a taxi. Here are some useful words and phrases to help you enjoy a smooth ride: Asking someone to call you a taxi Would you call me a taxi, please? I’m going to _____________ (your destination). OR Could you give me the number for a taxi service? Calling a taxi yourself When the dispatch operator answers you will hear something like “Circle Taxi. How can I help you?” or “Yellow Taxi. Where are you located?” You will need to provide the address of where you are (your location) and where you are going (your destination). For example: Can I get a taxi to the airport? I’m at the Crown Hotel. Questions for a taxi dispatch operator: Can I schedule a taxi pick up for 5am tomorrow? Is there a flat rate to the airport from here? What will it cost me to go from my hotel to the airport? How long is the wait for a taxi right now? Flagging down a taxi In some locations you don’t need to call a taxi. You can just wave your hands at one

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as it drives close to you. This is called “flagging” or “hailing” a taxi down. Stand close to the road and wave your arm out. An empty taxi will pull over for you. Many people get in the back of a taxi instead of the front passenger seat. A taxi without its light on is likely already on a taxi run for someone else. Questions the driver may ask you Where are you heading? How will you be paying? (cash, credit card, debit, foreign exchange) Do you want a flat fee? Do you need a receipt? Telling the driver your destination Can you take me to the airport, please. I’m going to the Star Motel downtown. Do you know where the Brick St. Pub is? I’m going to 501 Main St. please. Questions for your taxi driver Would you mind making a quick stop? (if you need to pick someone or something up on the way-the driver will likely keep the meter running even if you are not in the car) What’s your exchange rate? (f you have foreign money) Do you have a flat fee to the airport? Do you accept debit? Do you accept credit cards? What do I owe you? What to say when leaving the cab Keep the change. (if you are offering a tip) May I have a receipt please? (if you need it for business purposes) Thanks for the ride. Enjoy the rest of your day. Words you may need to know location: your current place destination: where you are going metre: the machine that reads the distance and calculates the cost fare: the amount you must pay tip: the extra money you offer for safe, friendly, and prompt service car seat: a seat for a child luggage: your bags and suitcases cab: short form for a taxi cab flag or flag down: to indicate that you want a taxi or bus to stop pick up: the taxi picks you up at your current location

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drop off: the taxi drops you off at your destination van: a larger taxi that has more seats

The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known

as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain, is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, including Great Britain, the northeast part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel.

History

The Battle of Waterloo marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

On 1 May 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain was created by the political union of the Kingdom of England (which included Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland.

In its first century, the United Kingdom played an important role in

developing Western ideas of the parliamentary system as well as making significant contributions to literature, the arts, and science. The UK-led Industrial Revolution transformed the country and fuelled the growing British Empire. During this time, like other great powers, the UK was involved in colonial exploitation, including the Atlantic slave trade, although the passing of the Slave Trade Act in 1807 made it the first country to prohibit trade in slaves.

After the defeat of Napoleon in the Napoleonic Wars, the UK emerged as the principal naval power of the 19th century and remained an eminent power into the mid-20th century. The British Empire expanded to its maximum size by 1921, gaining the League of Nations mandate over former German and Ottoman colonies after World War I. One year later, the BBC, the world's first large-scale international broadcasting network, was created.

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Government and politics

Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: Queen Elizabeth II is head of state of the UK as well as of fifteen other Commonwealth countries,

putting the UK in a personal union with those other states. The Crown has sovereignty over the Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, which are not part of the United Kingdom though the UK government manages their foreign affairs and defence and the UK Parliament has the authority to legislate on their behalf.

The UK has a

parliamentary government based on the Westminster system - a legacy of the British Empire. The Parliament of the United Kingdom that meets in the Palace of Westminster has two houses: an elected House of Commons and an appointed House of Lords.

The Houses of Parliament

The position of Prime Minister, the UK's head of government,

belongs to the Member of Parliament who can obtain the confidence of a majority in the House of Commons, usually the current leader of the largest political party in that chamber. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are formally appointed by the Monarch to form Her Majesty's Government. Though the Prime Minister chooses the Cabinet, and by convention HM The Queen respects the Prime Minister's choices.

Geography

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The countries of the United Kingdom

The total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 245,000 square kilometres comprising of the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland (Northern Ireland) and smaller islands. It lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, coming within 35 kilometres of the northwest coast of France, from which it is separated by the English Channel. Great Britain lies between latitudes 49° and 59° N (the Shetland Islands reach to nearly 61° N), and longitudes 8° W to 2° E. The Royal Greenwich Observatory, near London, is the defining point of the Prime Meridian. When measured directly north-south, Great Britain is a little over 1,100 kilometres in length and is a fraction under 500 kilometres at its widest, but the greatest distance between two points is 1,350 kilometres between Land's End in Cornwall (near Penzance) and John o' Groats in Caithness (near Thurso). Northern Ireland shares a 360-kilometre land boundary with the Republic of Ireland.

The United Kingdom has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. The temperature varies with the seasons but seldom drops below −10 °C or rises above 35 °C. The prevailing wind is from the southwest, bearing frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean. Eastern parts are most sheltered from this wind and are therefore the driest. Atlantic currents, warmed by the Gulf Stream, bring mild winters, especially in the west, where winters are wet, especially over high ground. Summers are warmest in the south east of England, being closest to the European mainland, and coolest in the north. Snowfall can occur in winter and early spring, though it rarely settles to great depth away from high ground.

England accounts for just over half of the total area of the UK, covering 130,410 square kilometres. Most of the country consists of lowland terrain, with mountainous terrain north-west of the Tees-Exe line including the Cumbrian Mountains of the Lake District, the Pennines and limestone hills of the Peak District, Exmoor and Dartmoor. The main rivers and estuaries are the Thames, Severn and the Humber. England's highest mountain is Scafell Pike, which is in the Lake District 978 metres. England has a number of large towns and cities, including six of the top 50 Larger Urban Zones in the European Union.

Scotland accounts for about a third of the total area of the UK, covering 78,772 square kilometres, including nearly eight hundred islands, mainly west and north of the mainland, notably the Hebrides, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands. The topography of Scotland is distinguished by the Highland Boundary Fault – a geological rock fracture – which traverses the Scottish mainland from Helensburgh to Stonehaven. The fault line separates two distinctively different regions; namely the Highlands to the north and west and the lowlands to the south and east. The more

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rugged Highland region contains the majority of Scotland's mountainous terrain, including Ben Nevis, which at 1,343 metres is the highest point in the British Isles. Lowland areas, especially the narrow waist of land between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth known as the Central Belt, are flatter and home to most of the population including Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, and Edinburgh, the capital and political centre of the country.

Ben Nevis, in Scotland's Grampian Mountains

Wales accounts for less than a tenth of the total area of the UK, covering 20,758 square kilometres. Wales is mostly mountainous, though south Wales is less mountainous than north and mid Wales. The main population and industrial areas are in south Wales, consisting of the coastal cities of Cardiff (the capital, political and economic centre), Swansea and Newport and the South Wales Valleys to their north. The highest mountains in Wales are in Snowdonia, and include Snowdon, which, at 1,085 m is the highest peak in Wales. The 14 (or possibly 15) Welsh mountains over 914 m high are known collectively as the Welsh 3000s. Wales has over 1,200 km of coastline. There are several islands off the Welsh mainland, the largest of which is Anglesey in the northwest.

Northern Ireland accounts for just 14,160 square kilometres and is mostly hilly. It includes Lough Neagh, at 388 square kilometres, the largest body of water in the UK and Ireland. The highest peak in Northern Ireland is Slieve Donard at 849 metres in the Mourne Mountains.

The United Kingdom was one of the 12 founding members of the European Union at its launch in 1992 with the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. Prior to that, it had been a member of the EU's forerunner, the European Economic Community (EEC), from 1973. The attitude of the present Labour government towards further integration with this organisation is mixed, with the Official Opposition, the Conservative Party, favouring less powers and competencies being transferred to the EU.

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Lesson XX

How to Survive the Holiday Season Even if you don’t celebrate Christmas, it is polite to offer special greetings and farewells throughout the month of December in English speaking countries. You can exchange holiday wishes with anyone, including colleagues, clients, friends, teachers, and anyone in the service industry (cashiers, waiters, bus drivers, hair dressers, etc.). Here are the most common holiday greetings: Merry Christmas! Happy holidays. (use throughout December) Have a nice Christmas. Seasons Greetings. (often used in writing) Happy New Year! (use if you won’t see this person until after Jan 1) (The same phrases can be used in writing at the end of an email. Use them in place of “Best Wishes” or “Warm Regards”.) When someone says “Merry Christmas” you can repeat the same phrase back. Or, try one of these responses: A: Merry Christmas. B: Merry Christmas to you too. A: Happy holidays. B: Same to you. A: Have a nice Christmas. B: You too. See you in the New Year Here are some questions you will hear often during the month of December: What are you doing for Christmas? What are you up to this Christmas? Are you doing anything special for Christmas? Do you have plans for Christmas? What are you having for Christmas? (Christmas food) Where will you be celebrating Christmas? (with friends, at home, at a colleague’s house) Have you been good this Christmas? (Will Santa bring you a present?) Would you like to come to a Christmas party? Are you doing anything on …(date)? (an invitation is coming…) How to accept an invitation: I’d love to come, thank you. That sounds fun! Sure. That’s very kind of you to think of me. How to decline an invitation: I’d love to, but I’m afraid I’m busy.

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I’m sorry; I won’t be able to make it. I wish I could, but I’m ….(your excuse) How to accept a gift: Thank you. Oh, you shouldn’t have. That was awfully kind of you. You’re so sweet. How to offer a gift: It’s just a little something. Here’s something for under your tree. I hope you like it. Don’t open this until Christmas. OR You can open it now if you’d like. Christmas Vocabulary to know around Children: Santa Claus/Father Christmas: he brings children presents after they go to sleep on December 24th Mrs Claus: Santa’s wife reindeer: the animals that pull Santa’s sleigh Rudolph: The red nosed reindeer from the classic Christmas tale. He lights Santa’s way on a foggy night. Frosty: The popular Christmas snowman stockings: socks that children hang for Santa to fill carols: Christmas songs Gift Exchange Tip: You may receive an unexpected gift from a colleague or friend at Christmas. It’s okay if you don’t have one to give in return. People don’t expect gifts every time they give one. Just remember to say thank you! Another word for “gift” is “present”.

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Lesson XXI Satisfy your Sweet Tooth

Just because you’re in an English speaking country, doesn’t mean you’ll stop craving sweets! Make sure you know how to satisfy your sweet tooth. You may need to order dessert, shop for candy, or describe the delightful experience of trying out a new treat. Types of Dessert “May I see the dessert menu?” Practise this line before you enter a restaurant or cafe. It’s okay to eat a sundae for dinner if you don’t think you’ll have room after the main event. pie (apple, lemon marangue, pumpkin, pecan) cake (cheesecake, sponge cake, shortcake, brownie, carrot) cupcakes: mini cakes with icing on top (popular for kids) ice cream cones/sandwich/sundaes sorbet mousse cookies and biscuits (chocolate chip, peanut butter, shortbread, ginger) squares and bars pastries (donuts, tarts, fritters) Types of Toppings and Fillings These days, people rarely just order a scoop of vanilla ice cream! icing/frosting: smooth sugary layer on top of cakes chocolate syrup butterscotch syrup strawberry syrup sprinkles: hard flakes of coloured sugar powdered sugar cinnamon peanuts almonds whipped cream chocolate shavings custard: sweet milk and egg mixture jelly or fruit compote: sweetened and mashed berries or fruit with sugar chocolate chips Types of Candy You can buy candy at a candy shop or a sweet shop or a corner store or a grocery store. You can also raid the bulk food section or a booth at a market to get your sugar fix. hard candies (wrapped) chocolate bar/candy bar

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liquorice (red or black) mints cinnamon hearts (spicy) sour candies candy corn (orange and black cone shaped) jellybeans jujubes bubble gum/gumballs/stick of gum gummy bears/worms candy floss (also called cotton candy) lollipops candy apple chocolate or candy coated raisins/peanuts/pretzels taffy powdered candy Types of Chocolate Are you a chocoholic? If so, you probably have a preference to one of these types. milk chocolate dark chocolate semi-sweet white chocolate unsweetened chocolate mint chocolate How to Describe Sweets “How is your dessert?” Practise these descriptive words and phrases or simply lick your lips and nod happily if you are enjoying a bite. delicious scrumptious tasty yummy to die for If you don’t like your dessert or treat you can say it is too: sticky sour sweet for my taste heavy: you feel too full after you eat it rich: the taste is too strong (such as dark chocolate) bland: not enough taste If you’re only looking or still thinking about what to choose you can say the treats look “mouth watering” or “tempting”.

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No Thank You “Did you save any room for dessert?” This is what many servers will ask at a restaurant. If you don’t want dessert, you can say “I’d love to, but I’m afraid I’m full.” If the dessert menu doesn’t interest you, you can say “We’re going to pass on dessert tonight. Thank you.” Spelling Tip Dessert has two s’s and “desert” (dry land) has one “s”. Think of dessert as being extra special. This is why it needs an extra “s”.

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Lesson XXII

Endangered Species I. Pre-reading Vocabulary Word Meaning conservation effort noun

measures to protect and restore the natural world

ecosystem noun the ongoing relationship between living things and their environment

endangered species noun

animals or plants that are likely to go extinct

environmentalist noun

a person who cares about the natural world and makes an effort to protect it or raise awareness for its needs

extinction noun the loss of a species in this world food chain noun a group of organisms that feed off of each other global warming noun

the gradual increase in temperature on earth

habitat noun the area where a species naturally lives, eats, and reproduces recover verb to help a certain species repopulate an area Reforestation noun

the planting and growth of new trees

risk verb engage in a dangerous act vulnerable adjective

likely to face injury or danger

wildlife noun plants and animals living in a natural environment II. Endangered Species Reading: Polar Bear Makes the List

In Spring 2008, the polar bear was placed on the endangered species list. According to the Endangered Species Act, an endangered species is an animal that is likely to face extinction in its natural habitat. Polar bears have been categorized as a "threatened" species. The ESA defines a threatened species as one that is likely to become "endangered" in the foreseeable future.

A "threatened" species is one that is expected to become "endangered" in the foreseeable future. The polar bear is the first animal that has been classified as endangered due primarily to global warming. Global warming is caused by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that become trapped in the atmosphere. Heating homes, driving cars, and burning garbage all require fossil fuels that lead to global warming.

25% of the Arctic sea ice has disappeared in the past 30 years. The polar bear's habitat is more vulnerable to global warming than many other species. Polar bears live mainly on the sea ice in the Arctic. This is where they hunt for fish and build up fat reserves. When the ice melts many polar bears move to land and live off their

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stored fat. In the Arctic, global warming is causing the ice to melt slightly earlier and form slightly later. This results in a shorter feeding season for the polar bear. Some risk their lives to find ice. If they have to swim too far they will drown from exhaustion and hunger. The World Wildlife Fund estimates that 25% of the Arctic sea ice has disappeared in the past 30 years.

It is not only the polar bear that is at risk in the Arctic. Every species of plant, animal, and insect there is threatened by global warming. Nevertheless, environmentalist groups such as the World Wildlife Fund often study large carnivores in order to assess the health of an ecosystem. The Arctic food chain relies on the polar bear. In addition, donations are more commonly offered for the protection of large animals such as bears or elephants. People in general are less interested in conservation efforts that protect small wildlife, such as plants or insects. However, by using donor money to protect the habitat of the larger animals (ex. reforestation programs), entire ecosystems can be protected.

Getting on the endangered species list is crucial for populations that are at risk of extinction. It is important that animals such as the polar bear make it onto the endangered species list. Once they are on the list there are laws that protect these animals from being hunted for food or sport. Agencies also receive money and tools to protect the habitat and recover the species. The goal of removing the animal from the list is often achievable. Since the Endangered Species Act was introduced in the US in 1973, many species have been taken off the list due to increased populations. In fact, it is rare for a species to go extinct after they make the list. Sadly many species do go extinct while waiting for consideration. III. Endangered Species Quizzes a) Vocabulary Quiz 1 The place where a species lives and reproduces is its ______________ . 2 When a species is no longer found on earth it is said to be ______________. 3 Reforestation in an area where a threatened species lives is an example of a ______________. 4 The gradual warming of the earth is called ______________. 5 Once a species is placed on an endangered list, a group will attempt to ______________ the population. b) Reading Comprehension Quiz 1 According to the article, an endangered species is one that ______________. 2 What poses the greatest threat to polar bears today? ______________ 3 What major change has occurred in the polar bear's natural habitat? ______________ 4 What type of conservation efforts are people generally interested in? ______________ 5 According to the World Wildlife Fund polar bear studies help researchers determine ______________. 6 Why is it so important for endangered animals to get on a formal list? ______________

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IV. Spot the errors

1. Polar bears cannot to swim long distances without eating. 2. Can you understand what the environmentalist was saying about global

warming? 3. A rare insect got on the endangered species list last year, and the

conservationists could to recover it within six months. 4. We must to do our part to help preserve the Arctic habitat. 5. We must'nt forget about the other animals and plants in the Arctic food chain. 6. Endangered Species Topics for Discussion and Essay-writing

V. Here are some ideas for you to discuss or write about. 1. Why do you think the Canadian Arctic is called the Land of the Midnight Sun? What do you think it would be like to live there? 2. The Governor of Alaska is unhappy with the decision to place the polar bear on the endangered species list. What could this decision mean for development in Alaska? 3. A rough estimate suggests that there are approximately 20,000 polar bears in the world. Why do you think it is so difficult to know how many bears live in the Arctic? What challenges would face a census team? 4. Scientists say there are twice as many polar bears living in the Arctic as there were in the 1960's. This is because polar bears used to be severely over hunted. Some politicians site this data as a reason for not placing polar bears on the endangered species list. How do you feel about their argument? 5. If there are 25,000 polar bears now, how do you think the population will change by the year 2050? What factors did you consider in making your estimation?

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Lesson XXIII

Pollution I. Pre-reading Vocabulary Word Meaning acid rain noun rain that contains harmful chemicals that collect in the

atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned carcinogen noun a substance that has been linked to causing one or more types of

cancer contaminated adj. has come in contact with organisms or substances that cause

disease developing country noun

a nation that is working towards becoming more economically and socially advanced

domestic waste noun

garbage that is produced by people in a household

dumping verb placing waste in an area that is not appropriate ( ex. dumping chemicals in oceans)

hazardous waste noun

a form of garbage that is harmful to health of plants, animals, or humans and requires careful disposal (ex. batteries or paint)

industrial adj. related to the advancement of the economy pesticides noun chemicals that are sprayed on crops to prevent insects from

destroying them pollutant noun something that causes damage to the environment pollution noun the contamination of the environment priority noun of top concern sewage noun waste that humans put down drains smog noun air pollution caused by a reaction between chemicals in the

atmosphere and sunlight sustain verb Support toxic chemicals (toxins) noun

poisonous materials that can cause disease

ventilation noun the replacement of unclean air with fresh air II. Pollution Reading: Water, Air and Soil Contamination

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40 percent of the premature deaths in the world's population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries. Infants and young children are the most susceptible to waterborne diseases.

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Water in many third world countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water. Open stoves cause lung cancer in many parts of the world.

Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. China relies heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of energy. According to the European Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on an average day. Neighbouring countries including Japan and Korea receive much of China's pollution in the form of acid rain. This pollution results mainly from the coal powered factories, which produce inexpensive goods for North American and European consumers. Outdoor air pollution is also a concern in many wealthy countries. Those who live and work in urban centres such as Los Angeles or Toronto experience many warm days beneath a layer of smog. 16 of the world's most polluted cities are in China.

Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries. Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth's soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages. Dumping of industrial and domestic waste products produces much of the world's soil pollution, though natural disasters can also add to the problem. In wealthy countries such as the US, protection agencies monitor the food supply. The public is generally warned before major health outbreaks occur. Developing countries do not have this luxury. Farmers in poor nations grow food in contaminated soil both to earn a living and to avoid starvation.

As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are expected to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the expense of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth's resources for future generations. III. Vocabulary Quiz 1 Garbage that requires careful disposal is called ______________ waste. 2 This is a form of precipitation that contains pollution. ______________ 3 Something that is one of the most important issues or concerns is a ______________.

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4 Windows and fans provide important ______________. 5 ______________ regions are often contaminated with air pollution. IV. Reading Comprehension Quiz 1 According to the article, what causes 40% of the world's premature deaths? ______________ 2 What is the main reason people die of waterborne illnesses? _________________ 3 Which is the main cause of lung cancer in third world countries? _________________ 4 According to the article, where is cancer the leading cause of death? ________________ 5 Which is NOT mentioned as a source of soil pollution? Choose two. _________________ V. Grammar Quiz Change the following sentences from the passive to the active voice. Before you complete this exercise, review the grammar notes for the active and passive voices. Water in many third world countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water. The public is generally warned before major health outbreaks occur. VI. Pollution Topics for Discussion and Essay-writing 1. How is the quality of water in your hometown? Do you think water will become cleaner or more polluted in your area in the future? Provide reasons for your predictions. 2. Have you ever been to a city that had poor air quality? Describe your experience. 3. Do you think developing nations such as China should be more environmentally conscious? Is it their right to achieve wealth as other nations did in the past? 4. Do you think pollution will ever drive people back out into rural areas? 5. What role should wealthy nations such as the US have in caring for the environment in comparison to poor nations? 6. Natural disasters such as volcanoes, forest fires, and hurricanes send fossil fuels into the atmosphere and spread pollution. Why do you think nature acts this way?

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Lesson XXIV

Environmental Verbs: Take Action Do you consider yourself an earth activist? Talking about environmental issues is difficult to do in a foreign language. Learning the following verbs will help you express your thoughts and concerns in English. Word Meaning Example sentence ban disallow an action or thing in a

specified area The school banned water bottles because they are bad for the environment.

carpool when people take turns driving instead of taking two or more cars to the same location

I carpool to work with two of my neighbours who also work downtown.

clear cut or chop down

to remove trees from a forest It is important to plant new trees in nearby areas after clear cutting.

compost put certain types of waste (vegetable peels, newspapers, dry leaves) into a large container that will break down into reusable soil

Since we started composting we've reduced our garbage by half.

commute travel from home to work (either by public transit or driving)

Imagine how much pollution you cause in a lifetime by commuting two hours a day?

consume take into our bodies or homes Americans consume more than their share of the earth's resources.

donate give money or items to an organization or individual in need

When you donate money to this fund, the animals' habit is protected.

emit to give off or out Cars emit harmful pollutants into the atmosphere.

fertilize treat plants and green spaces (lawns and fields) with special chemicals that helps them to grow

If you are going to fertilize your lawn, make sure to use an organic fertilizer.

minimize make as little as possible We can minimize pollution by walking instead of driving to work and school.

pollute put dangerous substances into the ground and the air

Fumes from factories pollute our lakes and oceans.

preserve keep in its natural state We need stronger laws in order to preserve our forests.

protect keep from harm It is important to protect your

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skin from the harmful UV rays of the sun.

protest voice concern about; fight against an issue or decision

The environmentalists will protest if the road builders don't make a bicycle lane.

recycle to take materials from garbage and form it into something new that can be used

Please recycle your junk mail instead of throwing it in the garbage.

reduce use less You can reduce your household waste by buying products with less packaging.

reuse use again We reuse the inner bags from the cereal boxes inside our small garbage can.

throw away put in the garbage Don't throw away your grass clippings; leave them on your lawn.

use up use until there is no more We are using up the earth's natural resources faster than ever.

waste throw away something that is still useful

Don't waste toilet paper; use one or two sheets instead of three or four.

I. Environmental Verbs Quiz 1 Garbage incinerators __________________ harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. 2 You can __________________ plastic bags over and over until they get holes in them. 3 Americans __________________ many products that are sold with excess packaging. 4 You can __________________ household waste by having a compost bin in the garden. 5 Instead of throwing away your clothes, __________________ them to a used clothing store or thrift shop. 6 They are __________________ in order to make room for the new theatre complex. 7 Though the city is growing, they are doing a good job of __________________ the countryside. 8 We will __________________ if the green initiatives do not get approved at the meeting. 9 __________________ your bottles and cans at the town depot. 10 Exhaust from cars __________________ the atmosphere and causes global warming.

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II. Environmental Verbs Practice Read the following sentences. Are the actions environmentally friendly or not? Refer back to the verb list if you have difficulty understanding the sentence.

1. The Becketts compost their food waste in a large bin by the garden shed. 2. Yvonne purchased a large reusable shopping bag to use at the grocery store. 3. Miguel and his wife dumped all of the baby furniture they are no longer using

at the local landfill. 4. Mika threw away her tin of pop in the garbage can at the school. 5. Pablo fertilized his grass with a product that is 100% organic. 6. The business banned all employees from bringing in paper cups and plastic

water bottles. 7. A local building company planted 1000 trees after clear cutting the forest that

had been damaged by fire. 8. Tina commutes alone to work each day, even though her neighbour works at

the same office. 9. Instead of buying paper, Yuki reuses all of the junk mail she gets and gives it

to her children for drawing pictures. 10. Milan dumped the leftover green paint down the drain and put the can in the

household garbage. III. Fix the sentence Look at the sentences in exercise II that you answered "no" for. How could these people have acted in more environmentally friendly ways?

1. They should have donated the gently used furniture to a thrift shop or community service provider.

2. She should have put the pop tin in the recycling bin. 3. Tina should carpool with her neighbour to save on fuel. 4. Milan should have taken his paint can to a facility that safely disposes

hazardous waste.

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Lesson XXV

Housekeeping I. Vocabulary: Rooms in a House Word Meaning Attic storage room at the very top of the house Basement the lowest level of the house bathroom, washroom

the room for bathing and using the toilet

bedroom the room where people sleep dining room room with a table and chairs for eating; in some houses this room

is only used on special occasions hallway long narrow area that joins one room to another kitchen place for preparing food; sometimes has a table and chairs for

eating informal meals living room; family room

place where family spends leisure time; often has a TV, also used for entertaining

lobby area in the front entrance for hanging coats and placing shoes master bedroom the largest bedroom in the house; used by parents nursery room for baby or young child pantry room off the kitchen for keeping dry foods and storage items patio outdoor area in front or backyard; usually sits slightly off the

ground; often made of wood playroom room filled with toys; books and games; indoor area for kids to

play rec room often in basement; extra room for watching TV and playing

games such as billiards or ping pong sunroom enclosed room with large windows; often used for relaxation,

visiting, or reading Furniture and Decor Word Meaning bed long frame with a mattress on top for sleeping; has blankets and

pillows for comfort bookshelf, bookcase

tall wooden piece used for holding books

chair various types of furniture used for sitting on change table surface found in the nursery, used for changing a baby's diaper couch/sofa long comfortable piece for sitting on; found in common rooms counter surface in the kitchen; used for preparing food and holding small

appliances cupboards storage area with doors; used for holding food, dishes, cleaning

supplies, etc.

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desk piece used for doing work and holding papers, books, writing tools; usually found in an office

dresser, bureau piece of furniture for holding folded clothing entertainment centre

piece of furniture for holding television, stereo, and other electronic devices

fireplace square opening on a wall to hold a fire and warm up the home; may be electric, gas, or wood

mirrors special glass placed on a wall or counter, used for viewing one's self

pictures, paintings

decorations hung on walls or placed on surfaces; often framed

shelves long surfaces for organizing and storing household items tub, bathtub found in bathrooms, a large area where you lie down and wash

your body window sills, ledges

long shelf-like surface beneath a window

Appliances Word Meaning dishwasher electric appliance that washes dishes; can be "built-in" (under a

sink) or "portable" (moved and attached to the sink when in use) dryer electric appliance used to dry laundry fridge electric appliance used for keeping food cold freezer electric appliance used for keeping food frozen (very cold) garbage disposal located inside a drain; chops up bits of food into small pieces to

fit down the pipes microwave electric appliance for cooking food quickly oven electric appliance for baking and heating food stove, range elements on top of an oven for heating, frying, and boiling food washing machine electric appliance for cleaning laundry Cleaning Supplies Word Meaning baking soda white powder used for cleaning and removing odours bleach liquid added in small amounts to water; has strong chemicals that

remove stains on white clothing; also used to clean bathrooms broom brush with a long handle on it for sweeping floors carpet cleaner foam or liquid soap used on rugs and carpets deodorizer product that removes bad smells from a room; often scented dishwashing detergent

liquid or powder soap that goes into a dishwasher

dust pan flat container used for collecting dirt and dust swept up with a broom

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duster a cleaning tool with a handle and feathers (or a soft cloth) used for wiping dust off surfaces

garbage or trash bag

large, heavy bag for collecting the household garbage

garbage or trash bin

container with a lid that holds large garbage bags

gloves coverings for the hands, with separate holes for the fingers hose a long tube that fills with water; often kept outside and used for

outdoor cleaning laundry detergent powder or liquid soap used for cleaning clothes and linen mop long stick with a sponge at the bottom that is soaked in water and

soap; used for cleaning floors recycling bin a container that holds paper, tins, glass, and other garbage that

can be reused scouring pads tough cleaning pads used for scrubbing pots, pans, and ovens scrub brush a brush with a handle on it; often used for cleaning toilets sponge a soft cleaning product that absorbs water and is used for washing

surfaces stain remover laundry product used specifically on spots that regular laundry

detergent cannot clean (stains include red wine or blood) vacuum cleaner a machine that sucks up dust and dirt on the floor as you push it

around vinegar a clear sour tasting liquid mixed with water and used for

cleaning; environmentally friendly alternative to store bought cleaners

Linen and Laundry terms Word Meaning bath towel large towel used for drying the body after a shower or bath face cloth or wash cloth

small, square shaped towel or cloth used for washing the face and hands

fitted sheet sheet with elastic that goes on top of the mattress and stays in place

fold verb

make articles of clothing small and neat for storage

hand towel a towel hung in the bathroom; used for drying hands hanger noun

a wire or plastic hook used for hanging clothes in a closet

iron noun and verb

an electric appliance used for making clothes flat; to remove wrinkles

king size the largest size bed or bed covering laundry the washing of clothing

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noun do the laundry pillow case a covering similar to a sheet that protects the head cushion queen size large size bed and bed covering (smaller than king, larger than

double) sheet noun

a light cover on the bed

single smallest bed or bed covering size; made for one person stain noun

a spot that is difficult to clean

top sheet the sheet that goes on top of the fitted sheet and under a heavier blanket

twin size bed or bed covering size that is larger than a single and smaller than a double; used for one person

Describing words for Housekeepers Word Meaning Example sentence allergic when a person must stay away

from a certain food or cleaning product because it can cause them to get very sick

Our daughter is allergic to that laundry detergent.

clean remove dirt and stains When the kitchen is clean I will start on the laundry.

clogged, plugged when something is blocking the hole of a tube or pipe

The kitchen drain is clogged with potato skins.

damp a little bit wet I hung up your suit, but it is still a little damp.

dirty opposite of clean The floors are dirty because the kids walked through with their boots on.

dusty when furniture and surfaces are covered with a small layer of matter

The office furniture upstairs is very dusty.

filthy very dirty The bathroom is filthy because we went away for the weekend and left the kids at home.

messy out of order, opposite of neat and tidy

The children's rooms are messy, but it's their job to clean them.

neat, tidy (often expressed as "neat and tidy")

in good order, opposite of messy

Thank you for leaving the house so neat and tidy.

slippery surface that is wet or polished and is easy to fall on

I just mopped, so the floors are a bit slippery.

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soapy covered with lots of soap bubbles

Can you rinse the dishes again? They are still soapy.

wet filled or covered with water, opposite of dry

I put the dryer on twice but the clothes are still wet.

environmentally friendly

good for the world, doesn't contain strong chemicals

We only use cleaning products that are environmentally friendly.

Action words for Housekeepers Word Meaning Example sentence clean; clean up remove dirt, dust, and other

messes After you clean up the kitchen you can take your break.

dry take the water out of something Please dry the dishes fully before you put them away in the cupboards.

dust remove the dust from surfaces such as furniture

I'm sorry I forgot to dust the entertainment stand last week.

finish; complete have no more work to do I'm finished everything on the list, so I guess I'll be going home now.

freshen up make a room smell and look more inviting

The master bedroom is relatively clean, but you could freshen it up a little.

hang; hang up organize and store items (often clothes) by putting them on hooks and hangers

After you have folded the laundry, please hang the guest towels in the washroom.

mop; mop up clean the floors with soap and water

The dishwasher flooded, so I mopped up the water.

organize sort or put away in a neat and tidy manner

I organized the indoor and outdoor shoes.

polish wipe with a special cleaner that makes something (such as floors) shine; remove smudges or prints

Make sure to polish the silverware before you put it away.

rinse pour water over something for a long time to remove soap

You'll have to rinse the dishes a little better. My coffee tasted soapy today.

sanitize; sterilize remove any bacteria or other harmful substances that could cause illness, often by using boiling water or a special cleaner

You have to sterilize the baby bottles in boiling water.

scrub use a lot of physical energy and a You'll have to scrub the

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heavy cleaning tool to remove dirt or stains

upstairs tub because it's pretty dirty.

tidy; tidy up make a room or area look neat by organizing and putting things away

You don't need to vacuum the family room, but you could tidy up the books and toys.

vacuum use a special hose that sucks up dust and dirt from the floors and furniture

Please pick up large items like coins before you vacuum the basement.

wash make clean with water and soap Please wash the windows with water and vinegar.

water pour water onto plants or grass You forgot to water the indoor and outdoor plants.

wipe; wipe up clean up a mess or spill Don't use bleach to wipe the counters.

II. Finding a Housekeeping Job Finding a job in a foreign country can be very difficult. First, you need to read and understand the English job listings. Next, you need to contact a potential employer. Finally, you need to have an interview and prove that you are the best person for the job. Your work experience and skills are very important, but so is your English. You can prepare yourself for the real job search by studying the vocabulary and exercises on this page. Key words found in ads: The following terms are commonly used in ads for housekeepers. Become familiar with them, and use them on your own resumes and cover letters. They are also useful terms to use in interviews. Word or phrase Meaning competitive wages pay or salary is the same or better than most in the area detail oriented, meticulous

notices everything that needs cleaning or doing, even if it's small

diligent worker a person who works very hard domestic help Help around the home (often the subject of housekeeping

ads) duties include things the worker will have to do flexible not strict or set, usually related to work schedule or duties hard-working not lazy, works quickly and doesn't take a lot of rest time honest, trustworthy Tells the truth, will not steal or damage property on purpose ideal candidate the best person for the job is seeking is looking for, requires

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live-in lives in the home he or she works at live-out lives in a different home from the home he or she works at mature acts like an adult, not childish must be legal has permission from the government to work in this country pay in exchange for room and board

food and a home are given to the person who looks after the house, no pay

perfectionist describes a person who wants everything to look perfect (for example one fingerprint would bother this person)

positive attitude is usually in a happy mood professional has a lot of experience and treats clients with respect reliable always comes to work on time and always does a good job responsible for work will include the following tasks verifiable references past employers someone can contact to prove that the

applicant is a good worker Here are some expressions to use in an interview or cover letter: I will clean your home "from top to bottom". Feel free to contact my references. I have been cleaning houses/offices for _______ years now. I promise to leave your house looking neat and tidy. I work quickly and efficiently. You won't be disappointed. Your satisfaction is important to me. My hourly rate is _______. I am very good with children. My English is improving every day. III. Matching Exercise Read all of the classified ads (advertisements) below. Read the descriptions of 5 housekeepers looking for work. Match the person to the ad that he or she should apply for.

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Classified Ads Domestic/Homecare Wanted 1. A London family of 5 is seeking a live-in housekeeper in exchange for room and board. 20 hours per week. Some childcare duties required. Must be detail oriented, mature, and legal to work in England. Send resume with references to bensonfamily@home.com. 2. Business couple is seeking a part-time live-out housekeeper. Must be reliable and meticulous. We offer competitive wages. Duties include laundry, general cleaning, and some shopping. Hours are flexible. Approximately 10 hours per week. Call 339-9990. Leave message with contact information. 3. Mandymaids has a full-time position available. We are looking for an experienced housekeeper to join our team. Hours are Mon-Fri, 5:00 pm-12 am. Responsible for cleaning, vacuuming, dusting, and tidying a large office. Must be in good physical condition and have valid driver's license. Verifiable references required. Contact Janie at 445-9788. IV. Instructions for Housekeepers The hardest part of your job as a housekeeper may not be the cleaning. If you and your client speak different languages, miscommunication can be a problem. Be upfront about your English ability from the beginning. Ask your client to speak slowly if you don't understand the instructions. It is a good idea to ask your client to give you a checklist of things that need doing. Impress your client by preparing a checklist ahead of time, and asking them to take a moment to check off anything that needs doing. Leave extra space for specific instructions and details. You may want to personalize your checklist for each client.

Housekeepers Looking for Work Match the job seeker to the appropriate ad: A - Cindy is visiting England for the summer. She has a working visa and needs a place to live. She has experience with children. B - Fred is a perfectionist. He is retired but loves to clean. Fred wants to make a little bit of extra money to pay for tennis lessons and swimming classes. C - Sabrina has been cleaning houses for 20 years. She is hardworking and detail oriented. She has her own apartment, and requires a part-time position to pay her rent. D - Nelson has five years housekeeping experience in the hotel industry. He is going to school part time in the day and requires a full-time position in the evenings. E - Yoon is studying English online and needs a place to live. She is seeking a position as a nanny or housekeeper to help pay for her private English lessons. Her visa allows her to work part-time.

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Sample Blank Checklist Please place a Y (Yes) beside any item you would like completed today. Specify details where needed. Sweep Mop Vacuum Laundry Tidy Clean Appliances Dust Bathrooms Bedrooms Windows Dishes Take garbage out Other Errands or Shopping: Notes to housekeeper: Notes from housekeeper: Sample Filled-in Checklist Please place a Y (Yes) beside any item you would like completed today. Specify details where needed. Sweep Y main floor Mop Vacuum Laundry Y load of

whites Tidy Y upstairs Clean Appliances Dust Bathrooms Y all 3 please Bedrooms Windows Dishes Take garbage out Y only if full Other Y water all

plants

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Errands or Shopping: pick up kids at school 3.15 pick up milk and postage stamps Notes to housekeeper: Vacuum isn't

working. It's getting repaired.

Notes from housekeeper: Where are the extra towels?

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Lesson XXVI

At the Hotel I. Hotel Vocabulary Word part of speech

Meaning Example sentence

adjoining rooms noun

two hotel rooms with a door in the centre

If you want we can book your parents in an adjoining room.

amenities noun

local facilities such as stores and restaurants

We are located downtown, so we are close to all of the amenities.

attractions noun

things for tourists to see and do The zoo is our city's most popular attraction for kids.

baggage noun

bags and suitcases packed with personal belongings

If you need help with your baggage we have a cart you can use.

Bed and Breakfast noun

a home that offers a place to stay and a place to eat

I can book you into a beautiful Bed and Breakfast on the lake.

bellboy noun

a staff member who helps guests with their luggage

The bellboy will take your bags to your room for you.

book verb

arrange to stay in a hotel I can book your family in for the weekend of the seventh.

booked adj

full, no vacancies I'm afraid the hotel is booked tonight.

brochures noun

small booklets that provide information on the local sites and attractions

Feel free to take some brochures to your room to look at.

check-in verb

go to the front desk to receive keys

You can check-in anytime after four o'clock.

check-out noun

return the keys and pay for the bill

Please return your parking pass when you check-out.

complimentary breakfast noun

free of charge All of our rooms have complimentary soap, shampoo, and coffee.

cot, rollaway bed noun

a single bed on wheels that folds up

If you need an extra bed, we have cots available.

damage charge noun

money a guest owes for repairs to hotel property (when caused by violent or careless acts)

We will have to add a damage charge for the hole you put in the wall.

deposit noun

amount paid ahead of time to secure a reservation

You will not receive your deposit back if you cancel.

double bed noun

a bed large enough for two people

They are a family of four, so give them a room with two

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double beds. floor noun

a level of the building The swimming pool is on the main floor.

front desk, reception noun

the place where guests go to check in and out and to get information

Towels are available at the front desk.

guest noun

a person that is staying at the hotel

Our washrooms are for guests only.

hostel noun

a very inexpensive place for backbackers and travelers on a budget

In the hostel you probably won't get your own room.

hotel manager noun

person in charge at the hotel I'll let you make your complaint to the hotel manager.

housekeeping, maid noun

staff members that clean the rooms and linen

Put a sign on the door if you want housekeeping to come in and change the sheets on the bed.

ice machine noun

a machine that automatically makes ice that guests can use to keep drinks cold

There is an ice machine by the elevator on all of the even numbered floors.

indoor pool noun

place for guests to swim inside the hotel

The heated indoor pool is open until 10 pm.

inn noun

another word for "hotel" There's an inn on the other side of town that has a vacancy.

Jacuzzi, hot tub, whirl pool noun

a small hot pool for relaxation Our honeymoon room has a personal hot tub.

king-size bed noun

extra large bed A room with a king size bed costs an extra ten dollars a night.

kitchenette noun

a small fridge and cooking area Your room has a kitchenette so you can prepare your own breakfasts and lunches.

late charge noun

a fee for staying past the check-out time

You will be charged a ten dollar late charge for checking out after 11 am.

linen noun

sheets, blankets, pillow cases We will come in and change the linens while you are out of your room.

lobby noun

large open area at the front of the hotel

You can stand in the lobby and wait for your bus.

luggage cart a device on wheels that guests Please return the luggage cart

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noun can push their luggage on to the lobby when you are finshed with it.

maximum capacity noun

the most amount of people allowed

The maximum capacity in the hot tub is ten people.

motels noun

accommodations that are slightly cheaper than hotels

Our motel is very clean and is close to the beach.

noisy adj

Loud The guests next to you have complained that you are being too noisy.

parking pass noun

a piece of paper that guests display in the car window while in the hotel parking lot

Display this parking pass in your window to show that you are a hotel guest.

pay-per-view movie noun

extra charge for movies and special television features

If you order a pay-per-view movie, the charge will appear on your bill.

pillow case noun

the covering that goes over a pillow

Room 201 doesn't need their sheets changed, but they requested one new pillow case.

queen size bed noun

bed with plenty of space for two people (bigger than a double)

They have a queen size bed so the small child can eaily fit in the middle.

rate noun

cost of renting a room for a certain time period

Our rates change depending on the season.

reservation noun

a request to save a specific room for a future date

They say they made a reservation but it doesn't show on the computer.

room service noun

delivery of food or other services requested by guests

If you would like a bottle of wine, just call room service.

sauna noun

a hot room for relaxation, filled with steam

We don't recommend bringing young children into the sauna.

single bed noun

a bed for one person The economy priced room includes one single bed.

sofa bed, pull-out couch noun

a bed built into a sofa or couch The room contains a sofa bed so the room actually sleeps five.

towels noun

used to cover and dry the body after swimming or bathing

You can get your swimming pool towels at the front desk.

vacancy noun vacant adj

available rooms We only have one vacancy left, and it is for a single room.

valet noun

staff that parks the guests' vehicles

If you leave your car keys with us, the valet will park your car

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underground. vending machine noun

a machine that distributes snacks and beverages when you insert coins

The vending machine on the fifth floor has chocolate bars and chips.

view noun

a window that offers a nice image for guests

The room is more expensive because it has a spectacular view of the beach.

wake up call noun

a morning phone call from the front desk, acts as an alarm clock

What time would you like your wake up call?

weight room, workout room, gym noun

a room that guests can use for exercise and fitness

Our weight room has a stair climber and a stationary bicycle.

II. Hotel Vocabulary Quiz 1 If you've never been to this city, you should take a look at our _________________ . 2 We do not have a _________________ service. You'll have to park your car yourself. 3 The room has a pull _________________ couch, so it will sleep an extra person. 4 We don't have any vacancies. We are completely _________________. 5 After your long conference you can relax in the _________________. 6 I'll call housekeeping and ask them to bring you some fresh _________________. 7 If you need to do your workout we have a _________________ on the third floor. 8 I'll let you voice your complaint about the rate to the _________________. 9 Please put your used _______________ in the basket and leave unused ones hanging on the rack. 10 If you need a midnight snack there's a _________________ full of potato chips on your floor. III. Taking a Reservation Front Desk Receptionist Enterprise Hotels, Lise speaking. How can I help you? What date are you looking for? How long will you be staying? How many adults will be in the room? I'm afraid we are booked that weekend. There are only a few vacancies left. We advise that you book in advance during peak season. Will two double beds be enough? Do you want a smoking or non-smoking room? The dining room is open from 4 pm until 10 pm.

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We have an indoor swimming pool and sauna. We serve a continental breakfast. Cable television is included, but the movie channel is extra. Take Exit 8 off the highway and you'll see us a few kilometers up on the left hand side. The rate I can give you is 99.54 with tax. We require a credit card number for a deposit. Guest I'd like to make a reservation for next week. Is it necessary to book ahead? Do you charge extra for two beds? How much is it for a cot? Do you offer free breakfast? Is there a restaurant in the hotel? Do the rooms have refrigerators? Do you do group bookings? Is there an outdoor pool? Do you have any cheaper rooms? When is it considered off- season? Sample Conversation Receptionist: Thanks for calling Quality Inn. Morine speaking. Caller: Hello. I'm interested in booking a room for the September long weekend. Receptionist: I'm afraid we're totally booked for that weekend. There's a convention in town and we're the closest hotel to the convention centre. Caller: Oh, I didn't realize. Well what about the weekend after that? Receptionist: So... Friday the seventeenth? Caller: Yes. Friday and Saturday. Receptionist: It looks like we have a few vacancies left. We recommend that you make a reservation, though. It's still considered peak season then. Caller: Okay. Do you have any rooms with two double beds? We're a family of four. Receptionist: Yes, all of our rooms have two double beds. The rate for that weekend is $129 dollars a night. Caller: That's reasonable. And do you have cots? One of my daughters might be bringing a friend. Receptionist: We do, but we also charge an extra ten dollars per person for any family with over four people. The cot is free. Caller: Okay, but I'm not positive if she is coming. Can we pay when we arrive? Receptionist: Yes, but we do require a fifty dollar credit card deposit to hold the room. You can cancel up to five days in advance and we will refund your deposit. Caller: Great, I'll call you right back. I have to find my husband's credit card. Receptionist: Okay. Oh, and just to let you know...our outdoor pool will be closed, but our indoor pool is open.

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IV. Check your understanding 1 Why did the caller phone this hotel? _____________________________ 2 Why can't the caller stay at the hotel on the September long weekend? _____________________________ 3 Why does the caller have to hang up and call back? _____________________________ V. Checking Guests In and Out Check In Front Desk Receptionist What name is the reservation under? How long will you be staying? Are you planning on checking out tomorrow? I'm afraid you can't check in until after 4:00 pm. What type of vehicle are you driving? Do you know the license plate number of your vehicle? Complimentary breakfast is served in the lobby between 8 and 10 am. I'll give you two room keys. The dining room is on the main floor at the end of the hall. The weight room and sauna are on the top floor. Just call the front desk if you need any extra towels or pillows. Guest We have a reservation under Jill McMann. Do you have any vacancies? Is the hotel booked, or can we get a room for tonight? How do we get to our room from here? Is it okay to park out front? What time is the pool open until? What time is breakfast served at? Is it too early to check in? Can we get a wake-up call? When is check out time? Check Out Front Desk Receptionist Are you ready to check out? What room were you in? How was your stay? Was everything satisfactory? Will you be putting this on your card?

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And how will you be paying for this? Would you like to speak to the hotel manager on duty? I'll just need your room keys, please. Enjoy the rest of your holiday. Have a safe trip home. Guest We're checking out of room 401. Sorry we're a bit late checking-out. I'm afraid we overslept/slept in. We really enjoyed our stay. We have a few complaints. We'll be back next time we're in town. Sample Conversation Receptionist: Hi there. Are you checking out now? Guest: Yes, sorry. I know we're a few minutes late. Receptionist: That's no problem. It's always really busy at check out time anyway. Guest: Oh, really. The last hotel we stayed in charged us for a late check out. Receptionist: The hotel isn't booked this week, so it's not a problem. How was everything? Guest: The room was great. The beds were really comfortable, and we weren't expecting our own fridge. Receptionist: I'm glad you liked it. Guest: The kids were disappointed that the pool wasn't open this morning, though. Receptionist: I apologize for that. We can't get a cleaner in any earlier than 10 am. Guest: Well we had a nice swim last night anyhow. Receptionist: Will you be putting this on your credit card? Guest: No. I'll pay cash. Receptionist: OK. So the total comes to $123.67, including tax. Guest: I thought it was $115 even. That's what they said yesterday when we checked in. Receptionist: Yes, but there is an extra room charge on your bill. Guest: Oh, I forgot. My husband ordered a plate of nachos. Sorry. Receptionist: No problem. So...from $140, here's your change. Now, I'll just need to ask you for your room keys. VI. Check your understanding 1 Why does the guest apologize when she arrives at the front desk? ___________________________ 2 Which of the following did the woman's family NOT like about the hotel? ___________________________ 3 What was the woman charged for besides the room rate? ___________________________

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Lesson XXVII

On the Plane I. Airline Vocabulary Word part of speech

Meaning Example sentence

airfare noun

cost of a plane ticket The cost of your meal is covered in your airfare.

aisle noun

the long empty space that you walk down

Please keep your bags out of the aisle so that nobody trips.

aisle seat noun

the seat that is next to the aisle

I'll give you an aisle seat in case you need to walk around with the baby.

assist verb

Help Please wait until everyone is off the plane so that we can assist you.

baggage noun

the bags and suitcases that travellers put their belongings in

I'm afraid your baggage got on the wrong airplane.

baggage, luggage claim noun

place where you pick up your baggage after arrival

The announcement will direct you to the correct baggage claim.

blanket noun

warm covering If you feel cold I can get you a blanket.

boarding pass noun

part of the ticket that you give to the crew as you step onto the plane

Your must present your boarding pass at the gate.

bumpy, rough adj

up and down movement of the aircraft

It might be a bumpy ride because we are flying through a storm.

cabin noun

interior of the aircraft There is no smoking allowed inside the cabin.

call light noun

a button passengers can press to get a crew member's attention

If you need anything, just press the call light.

captain noun

the person who is in charge of the plane

Would the kids like to go and meet the captain?

charter noun

discount airline If you take a charter it will cost you half as much.

cockpit noun

the part of the plane where the captain and his co-pilots sit

We aren't doing any more tours of the cockpit because it's almost time to land.

comfortable feel good physically, able Because you have long legs

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adjective to relax you might be more comfortable in an aisle seat.

complimentary adjective

free of charge We offer complimentary coffee or tea, but you have to pay for alcohol.

co-pilot noun

person who helps the captain fly the plane

If the captain gets sick the co-pilot can take over.

domestic adjective

within the same country You should be at the airport two hours ahead of time for domestic flights.

emergency exit noun

section of the plane that opens in the case of an accident

Are you comfortable sitting next to the emergency exit?

e-ticket noun

airfare purchased on the internet

You will need to present your identification along with your e-ticket.

excess baggage noun

heavier/more bags than you are allowed

You can either pay for your excess baggage or leave one of your bags behind.

first-class noun/adj

more expensive seating, with better services

When you sit in first-class you get a better meal to eat.

gate noun

place where passengers go to wait to board a plane

Gate 3B is down this hall and to your right.

headset, earphones noun

device that allows passengers to listen to music or a movie

We will be coming around to sell headsets for five dollars.

international adj

Worldwide For international departures, go up one level.

jet lag noun

tiredness due to travelling through different time zones

I'm used to travelling now. My body doesn't suffer from jet lag anymore.

land verb

returning to the ground after being in the air

We will be landing in Tokyo in approximately ten minutes.

life vest, life jacket noun

a blow-up device that you put on in an emergency over water

Please take a moment to locate the life vest under your seat.

motion sickness noun

a bad feeling in the stomach that passengers get during a rough ride

There is a paper bag in front of you in case you experience motion sickness.

overbooked adj

more passengers than available seats

The flight is overbooked. Four of our passengers will have to wait for the next flight.

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overhead bin/compartment noun

place above the seats for storing luggage

You'll have to put your bag under your seat because all of the overhead bins are full.

over-sized baggage adj

items that do not fit in suitcases

Infant car seats and sporting equipment can be picked up at the over-sized baggage counter.

oxygen mask noun

a device that goes over a person's face, provides air in case of cabin air pressure loss

Put your oxygen mask on first before putting one on your child.

passport noun

document that proves a person's identification and nationality

Please have your passport out when you go through security.

pilot noun

the person who drives the plane

The pilot is circling over the airport until it is safe to land.

refreshments noun

drinks and snacks It's a short flight, so we will be serving refreshments but not a meal.

row noun

a number of seats beside each other

You are in seat B of row nine.

runway noun

the strip of land that an airplane takes-off and lands on

The plane almost missed the runway because it was such a bad storm.

seatbelt noun

device that holds passengers in their seats

Please remain in your seats while the seatbelt light is on.

steward (male), stewardess (female), flight attendant, air host noun

man or woman who provides service for passengers during a flight

Ask one of the stewardesses for a pillow if you're tired.

stopover noun

touching down at more than one airport during a flight

It's not a direct flight. We're making one stopover in Toronto.

take off noun/verb

when the plane leaves the ground

We are next in line to take off on this runway.

taxi in, out verb

driving an airplane to the correct place for taking off or deboarding

Please remain in your seats until we taxi in to the gate.

touch down verb, noun

when the aircraft wheels land on the ground

That was a very smooth touch down.

turbulence noun

rough flight This turbulence should only last a few minutes.

wheelchair noun

a seat for pushing elderly, disabled, or injured people

A steward will take you to the gate with a wheelchair.

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window seat noun

seat next to the window where passengers can look out

If your child wants a window seat I can move you back a row.

II. Airline Vocabulary Quiz 1 I'll assign you _________________seat to give you more room to stretch your legs out. 2 The captain and his co-pilot sit in the _________________. 3 Passengers must stay seated on the plane during the 1 hour _________________. 4 When you paid for your airfare online, you should have printed your _________________. 5 You are seated in _________________30, seat B. 6 _________________will be served before we begin the in-flight movie. 7 In the unlikely event of a water landing, _________________can be found underneath your seats. 8 Please fasten your _________________while the captain prepares for take off. 9 In about five minutes time we will get ready to _________________to the runway. 10. We are about to go through a large pocket of _________________so prepare for a bumpy ride. III. Checking In Passengers Check-in Assistant Can I see your ticket, please? Do you have your passport with you? I'm afraid your passport has expired. Do you have a second piece of identification? I'll need to see your child's birth certificate. How many bags are you checking? Will you be bringing a carry-on bag? I'm afraid that bag exceeds the size restrictions. Did you pack your bags yourself? Would you like an aisle or a window seat? Would you like a wheelchair? You'll board at Gate 7. Please be at the gate thirty minutes before your scheduled flight. Did you need any tags for your luggage? Your flight is expected to take off on time. Your flight has been delayed by one hour. Flight 87B to Toronto has been canceled. I'm afraid you're too late to check-in.

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Your flight is overbooked. Would you be interested in giving up your seat? Enjoy your flight. Passenger I'm not sure which of these papers is my ticket. Is it possible to get an aisle seat? I requested a vegetarian meal. Can you check to confirm? Can I take my child through security? Is the flight on time? Will they be serving a meal today? Will they be showing an inflight movie? Where can I get a luggage cart? Can I use my laptop on board? Sample Conversation Check-in Assistant: Hello. Are you flying to St. Martin today? Passenger: Yes, I have my ticket here. Check-in Assistant: Great. I'll need to see your passport as well. Passenger: I have an e-ticket. Uh...is this the part you need? Check-in Assistant: Actually I just need your name and I can find you on the computer. Passenger: Oh OK. It's Bates. Frank Bates. Check-in Assistant: Great. Here we are. Oh, you're traveling with an infant today. Passenger: Yes, my daughter Mia. She's 14 months. Check-in Assistant: Okay. I'll need to see your daughter's birth certificate to prove that she is under two years of age. Passenger: Here you are. Say, would we be able to get an aisle seat? I may have to walk her around if she gets fussy. Check-in Assistant: Sure. I'll put you near the washroom too. Passenger: Thanks. Can I take my stroller to the gate? Check-in Assistant: Yes, we'll check it in the over-sized luggage after you board. Are you just checking these two bags today? Passenger: Yes, I'll take my knapsack as my carry-on. Check-in Assistant: Did you pack these bags yourself? Passenger: Yes. Check-in Assistant: Okay. Here is your boarding pass. Be at the gate one hour prior to boarding time. You will be able to preboard because you are traveling with an infant. Our flight crew will have some special instructions for take-off and landing. IV. Check your understanding 1 What is the man's family name?____________________ 2 Instead of a ticket, what does the check-in assistant ask the man for?____________________ 3 Where does the passenger request to sit?____________________

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V. Airline Announcements Pre-boarding Announcement Good afternoon passengers. This is the pre-boarding annoucement for flight 89B to Rome. We are now inviting those passengers with small children, and any passengers requiring special assistance, to begin boarding at this time. Please have your boarding pass and identification ready. Regular boarding will begin in approximately ten minutes time. Thank you. Final Boarding Announcement This is the final boarding call for passengers Erin and Fred Collins booked on flight 372A to Kansas City. Please proceed to gate 3 immediately. The final checks are being completed and the captain will order for the doors of the aircraft to close in approximately five minutes time. I repeat. This is the final boarding call for Erin and Fred Collins. Thank you. Pre-flight Announcement Ladies and gentlemen, welcome onboard Flight 4B7 with service from Hong Kong to San Francisco. We are currently third in line for take-off and are expected to be in the air in approximately seven minutes time. We ask that you please fasten your seatbelts at this time and secure all baggage underneath your seat or in the overhead compartments. We also ask that your seats and table trays are in the upright position for take-off. Please turn off all personal electronic devices, including laptops and cell phones. Smoking is prohibited for the duration of the flight. Thank you for choosing Mountain Airlines. Enjoy your flight. Captain's Announcement Good afternoon passengers. This is your captain speaking. First I'd like to welcome everyone on Rightwing Flight 86A. We are currently cruising at an altitude of 33, 000 feet at an airspeed of 400 miles per hour. The time is 1:25 pm. The weather looks good and with the tailwind on our side we are expecting to land in London approximately fifteen minutes ahead of schedule. The weather in London is clear and sunny, with a high of 25 degrees for this afternoon. If the weather cooperates we should get a great view of the city as we descend. The cabin crew will be coming around in about twenty minutes time to offer you a light snack and beverage, and the inflight movie will begin shortly after that. I'll talk to you again before we reach our destination. Until then, sit back, relax and enjoy the rest of the flight. Safety Briefing Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of the crew I ask that you please direct your attention to the monitors above as we review the emergency procedures. There are six emergency exits on this aircraft. Take a minute to locate the exit closest to you. Note that the nearest exit may be behind you. Count the number of rows to this exit. Should the cabin experience sudden pressure loss, stay calm and listen for

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instructions from the cabin crew. Oxygen masks will drop down from above your seat. Place the mask over your mouth and nose, like this. Pull the strap to tighten it. If you are traveling with children, make sure that your own mask is on first before helping your children. In the unlikely event of an emergency landing and evacuation, leave your carry-on items behind. Life rafts are located below your seats and emergency lighting will lead you to your closest exit and slide. We ask that you make sure that all carry-on luggage is stowed away safely during the flight. While we wait for take off, please take a moment to review the safety data card in the seat pocket in front of you.

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Lesson XXVIII

Food and Drink I. Vocabulary Note: Many English words and expressions about food come directly from French. This is why some words about food are written with an accent (for example: à la carte). However, you may also see such words written without accent. Vocabulary part of speech

Meaning Example sentence

à la carte adjective

without a side dish Is it possible to get the steak à la carte? I don't eat potatoes.

à la mode adjective

with ice cream Would you like your apple pie à la mode?

alcohol, liquor noun

a distilled liquid such as rum or whiskey

This beer has 5% alcohol.

all you can eat adjective

customers pay one fee and can eat as much as they wish

These are all you can eat fries, so let me know if you want more.

appetizer noun

small snack before a meal Would you like some garlic bread or another appetizer to start?

appetizing adjective

looks pleasing to eat I'm afraid these pancakes don't look very appetizing.

apron noun

a cloth covering worn over the clothes while cooking

Remove your apron before you come out to the dining room.

awful (taste) adjective

very bad taste The customer said that her pasta was awful.

bar noun

place in an establishment where people go to get a drink (especially alcoholic drinks)

If you sit up at the bar you don't have to order any food.

barbeque noun/verb

southern style of cooking over a grill

The barbeque wings are our specialty.

barstool noun

tall seats that customers use at the bar

The guest fell off his barstool before he even ordered a drink.

bartender noun

staff member that mixes, pours, and serves alcoholic beverages

I do part-time work as a bartender in a local pub.

beverage noun

Drink Can I bring you some beverages while you look at the menus?

bill, cheque, check

the slip of paper that tells the customer how much to pay

Table 3 would like you to bring them their cheque.

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noun black coffee adjective + noun

coffee without any milk Should I bring some cream, or do you take your coffee black?

boil verb

style of cooking that involves placing food in a deep pot of extremely hot water

We usually boil the potatoes first so that they will cook faster.

book off verb

mark a day that you cannot work I need to book off the first week of May.

booster seat noun

a plastic unit that fits on top of a chair to help small children reach the table

Will your child be needing a booster seat today?

booth/bench noun

type of seating in which people sit side by side on a cushioned area

We'd prefer a booth if you have one available.

booze noun(idiom)

alcohol You've been into the booze already, haven't you?

bottle opener noun

a device used for opening beer bottles that don't twist off

All of the servers keep bottle openers on their keychains.

bread basket noun

slices of bread and butter served before and with a meal

I'll bring you a bread basket to hold the kids down until dinner.

breaded adjective

rolled and cooked in bread crumbs

The shrimp is breaded in our homemade batter.

buffet noun

self-serve tables of food that are set out for the customer to pick and choose from

The plates and everything you need are up at the buffet.

burnt adjective

overcooked to the point of turning black

The toast is burnt around the edges.

buspan noun

rubber tub used for collecting dirty dishes

The buspan is stacked so high it's too heavy for me to carry.

busboy, busser noun

a person who helps out in a restaurant (especially clearing and setting tables)

Ask the busboy to help you bring out all of the food.

cash noun

paper money payment I don't have any cash. Do you accept Visa?

cash out verb

counting and submitting the payment of all of the customers bills at the end of one's shift

Don't forget to include any coupons from tonight when you cash out later.

cashier noun

staff member responsible for collecting customer's money at the front of an establishment

We don't have a cashier; you have to pay your server.

charge verb

to add a fee I will have to charge you an extra dollar to add ice cream.

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check on verb

make sure the guests are satisfied You should always check on your guests about two minutes after you serve the meal.

chef noun

staff member who is professionally trained to prepare food

Our head chef is one of the best cooks in town.

clear verb

remove finished or unused items from a table

You need to clear this table and set it for four.

cocktail noun

an alcoholic drink with juice Would anyone care for a cocktail on this warm sunny day?

coffee maker noun

machine that dispenses coffee into a glass container for pouring

You need to teach the new waitress how to operate the coffee maker.

coffee round noun

an offering of coffee and refills around a section of a restaurant

Let's ask the busboy to do a coffee round while we take a smoke break.

combo, combination noun

Mixture The combo platter has veggies, ribs, and chicken fingers.

comment card noun

a piece of paper that customers are given to record their dining experience

When she asked for a comment card I knew she was going to complain about the food.

complaint noun

a problem with service or food The guest brought his complaint to the manager.

condiments noun

types of sauces that are added for flavouring (i.e. mustard)

All of the condiments you should need are on the table.

cook verb/noun

prepare and heat food until it is ready to serve

The guest says that this chicken isn't cooked enough.

corkscrew noun

tool for removing the cork from the top of a wine bottle.

You will need to learn how to work a corkscrew before you start bartending.

counter noun

flat area often used for placing dishes on or preparing food

I left one of the salads on the kitchen counter by mistake.

coupon noun

a slip of paper that offers the customers a discounted rate

Your coupon is only valid for food, not for alcoholic drinks.

complimentary adjective

free of charge The desserts are complimentary because the dinner took so long.

creamer noun

small plastic container of cream for coffee

Will you need more than two creamers for your coffee?

credit card noun

a plastic card that allows people to pay for something later

You forgot to sign your credit card slip.

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customer, guest noun

person who goes to an establishment to be served

It is our policy that the customer is always right.

customer service noun

treatment of guests Our restaurant got the award for having the best customer service this year.

cutlery, silverware, utensils noun

tools for eating with (fork, knife, spoon)

In a fine dining restaurant the staff has to polish the silverware.

cut off verb

stop serving a customer any more alcohol

I cut off the man with the beard because he'd had too much to drink.

debit noun

use bank card to pay directly from bank account

Can we pay by debit here, or do you only take credit cards?

deep fried adjective

cooked in a large pot of oil Most of the appetizers on our menu are deep fried.

defrost, thaw verb

remove frozen food from the freezer to prepare

Don't forget to defrost some pies for tomorrow.

delicious adjective

very good taste The cookies were so delicious they were gone in half an hour.

delivery noun

food brought to the home Do you have delivery or do we have to come in to eat?

designated driver adjective + noun

person in a party who agrees not to consume alcohol in order to drive everyone home safely

Is there a designated driver in your party or are you taking a taxi?

dessert noun

sweet treat after a meal I think we're too full to have dessert tonight.

dessert tray noun

a plate of all of the desserts that customers can view and order from

I'll bring the dessert tray around and see if I can tempt any of you with a slice of cake or pie.

dirty dishes adjective + noun

plates that customers are finished with

I'll just clear these dirty dishes and make some room for you.

discount noun

at a cheaper cost We got a discount because we are regular customers.

dishpit noun

area in the restaurant where the dirty dishes are placed.

Jody is not going to want to go into the dishpit today.

dishwasher noun

the staff member/machine that washes the dirty dishes

Can you bring the dishwasher these pans to clean?

doggie bag noun

unfinished food that is packed up for the customer to take home

I can't finish my steak, but I'll take a doggie bag.

double noun

two shots of alcohol in one drink Make that a double in a tall glass, please.

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draft noun

beer from a keg that pours out of a tap

We have a selection of local beers on draft.

dressing noun

liquid topping for salads Would you like Italian or French dressing?

dry adjective

no sauce I'll have dry toast with two eggs.

entrée, main course noun

the largest part of a meal (after appetizer, before dessert)

The entrées are after the lunch specials on page 6 of the menu.

fast-food noun

an eatery that offers quick inexpensive food

We don't provide table service. This is a fast-food restaurant.

fine dining noun

a very expensive eating establishment

The waiters wear bowties because it's a fine dining restaurant.

float noun

small amount of cash used to make change at the beginning of a server or bartender's shift

I need a roll of quarters for my float.

free refills adjective + noun

beverages that can be filled again without any cost

Have all of the soda you want; it's free refills here.

fry verb

cook over an element in oil Don't fry the vegetables too long or they will go soggy.

garnish noun/verb

food that is added to a plate for appearance or colour (i.e. parsley or fruit)

Don't forget to garnish all of the entrees that go out.

glassware noun

group of drinking glasses Make sure the glassware doesn't have any spots before you put it away.

gloves (plastic) noun

covering for the hands to prevent the spread of germs

Whenever you are handling food make sure you are wearing gloves.

gratuity/tip noun

extra money given as a thank you for service

When we have a large party we're allowed to add a 15% gratuity to the bill.

greet verb

say hello and welcome customers to the establishment

Your priority as a hostess is to greet the guests at the door with a smile.

grill noun/verb

cooking over iron slats that allow for oil and fat to drop down

The healthiest way to prepare meat is on a grill.

hairnet noun

a covering worn on the head while preparing food

If you don't want to wear a hat, you can wear a hairnet.

happy hour noun

short amount of time when alcoholic drinks are on sale

We're expecting a rush because it's almost happy hour.

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highball noun

alcohol served with soda Our highballs are on for half price today.

highchair noun

a tall chair with a plastic tray designed for a baby

The party is for ten plus a highchair.

hold verb

leave off/without I'll take a hamburger, hold the bun.

homemade adjective

made from a recipe We serve the best homemade soup in town.

host, hostess noun

staff member in charge of greeting and seating customers in a restaurant

Please wait and the hostess will seat you.

ingredients noun

all of the different foods that are combined in a recipe

I'll check the ingredients to make sure there aren't any nuts.

kettle noun

pot for boiling water for tea I'll put the kettle on and make some fresh tea.

last call noun

the last chance for a person to get an alcoholic drink before the establishment closes

We'll have two more screwdrivers for last call.

lemon, lime wedge noun

a small segment of lemon or lime put on the rim of a glass

I'd like a lemon wedge for my ice water please.

lineup noun/verb

a number of people waiting for something

Is this the lineup to pay or get seated?

liqueur noun

alcohol that has a syrupy/sweet taste

Can I offer you a coffee liqueur to go with your dessert?

make change verb + noun

give customers money back from a payment

We can make change if all you have is large notes.

manager noun/adjective

person in charge of a section of a restaurant

I'd like to speak to the floor manager about the service.

melt verb

warm to soften (i.e. cheese/butter)

First, melt two tablespoons of butter in the microwave.

menu noun

a booklet of all of the food that can be ordered

Do you have a children's menu we could see?

microwave noun

a small appliance that heats and cooks food quickly

We can heat your dinner in the microwave if you like.

mild adjective

not spicy I'd like a half dozen mild chicken wings.

nightclub noun

establishment where adults go to dance and drink alcoholic beverages

If you work at the nightclub you will have to stay until 2 AM.

non alcoholic beverage

a drink that resembles a certain drink without the alcohol

Can I order a non alcoholic beer?

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adjective + noun notepad noun

paper that a server uses to write down orders

Just let me grab my notepad and I'll take your order.

on the rocks preposition + noun

on ice I'll take a whiskey on the rocks.

on the side preposition + noun

request for a food item to NOT be put on top of another food item

For the nachos, can we have the sour cream on the side?

order verb/noun

make a request to a server Is everyone ready to order lunch now?

over charge verb

give a customer a bill that is too high (by mistake)

I think you over charged us for our drinks; we only had one each.

pack up verb

put in a take-out container for the customer to bring home

Would you like me to pack up the rest of that pizza?

party noun

group of people at or waiting for a table

A party of twelve just walked in without a reservation.

patio noun

outdoor seating We closed the patio because it looks like it's going to rain.

paycheque noun

money given to the staff every week or two

You'll get a paycheque every other Monday.

pitcher, jug noun

a container with a spout to pour water, beer, or other beverages out of

We'll take a pitcher of beer with four glasses.

portion noun/verb

a separate amount of food The chicken fingers are already portioned in the freezer.

pour verb

dispense liquid from a container Can I pour you folks another glass of water?

prepare verb

get food ready The servers have to prepare the salads themselves.

pub noun

establishment that specializes in casual food and alcoholic beverages

I can wear whatever I want when I work at the pub.

punch clock and punch card noun

a machine that staff members place a card into when they begin and finish a work shift

I don't want staff members hanging around the punch clock.

punch in, out verb

put a card in the punch clock to mark the time you start and end a shift

You can punch out as soon as you finish sweeping the floors.

punch something in verb

enter an order into a computer system

I'm going to punch in a large order now, so get ready.

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rare adjective

cooked meat that is pink inside This steak is too rare for me to eat.

recipe noun

list of ingredients and instructions for preparing a certain type of food

Our chef is so talented that he almost never bothers with a recipe.

regulars noun

people who come into an establishment often

You can give the regulars a complimentary drink from time to time.

reservation noun

a request to have a table saved for a certain amount of people

We don't take any reservations; it's first come first served here.

restrooms noun

place for people to use a toilet and wash hands

The restrooms are to your left and down the stairs.

roll-up noun

a set of cutlery wrapped in a napkin

Before we punch out we have to prepare enough roll-ups for the night shift.

rush noun

a large amount of customers arriving at the same time

We always have a rush after church on Sundays.

rush noun/verb

prepare quickly for a certain reason

Can you put a rush on this spaghetti; I forgot to punch it in.

sauce noun

liquid flavouring added to food What kind of sauce would you like on your ice cream, butterscotch or chocolate?

schedule noun/verb

a notice of the time and date each staff member has to work in a certain period of time

If you want to book off a day, let me know before I make the schedule.

seasoning noun

dry flavouring added to food He wants the chicken plain without any seasoning.

self-serve adjective

the customers bring their own food items to the table and do not pay for service

We have a buffet on, so it's self-serve for lunch.

senior's discount noun

a reduced price for people over a certain age (i.e. over 65)

We have a senior's discount of 25% off on Mondays.

separate cheques adjective + noun/verb +noun

a different bill for each member/group sitting at a table

We asked for separate cheques but it all came on one bill.

serve verb

look after a customer, bring items to a customer

Is there someone in charge of serving out on the patio?

set verb

get a table ready with items such as cutlery and glassware

I need you to clear and set table five for a party of eight.

shade noun

place outside that is not in the sun

We'd like to sit on the patio if there is any shade.

shot one ounce of alcohol served in a Let's do a shot to get this

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noun small glass (shot glass) party started. shooter noun

an ounce of alcohol and juice combined

Is there a shooter that has orange juice in it?

side dish noun

choice of food that goes with a main meal

The two side dishes are mashed potatoes or french fries.

sour adjective

acid or fermented taste I think the milk has gone sour from sitting out of the fridge too long.

sous chef noun

staff member who works under and assists the main chef

Our sous chef is leaving to become the head chef at another restaurant.

specials noun

items that were prepared particularly for a certain day and are usually at a reduced price

Would you like to hear the specials before you decide on lunch.

specialty noun

food item that a restaurant is popular for

Homemade fish and chips is our specialty.

spicy adjective

hot flavour Any item with three chilies beside it means that the dish is very spicy.

stay verb

to eat in the restaurant Are these coffees to go or to stay.

stir, mix verb

spin round and round with a spoon

Stir the soup for a few minutes before you serve it.

straw noun

long hollow plastic stick for drinking out of

Can I please get a straw for my ice tea?

straight up adjective

alcoholic drink without any mix or ice

He always has a straight up glass of rum after his meal.

substitute verb

replace one item for another Can I substitute the carrots for corn?

supervisor noun

staff member in charge of watching over things and dealing with problems

When I'm not here George will be your supervisor.

sweet adjective

taste with a lot of sugar If you like sweet things, you'll love our chocolate cheesecake.

take-out adjective/verb

food that is packed up and eaten at home

You can either eat in or order food to take-out.

two-minute check noun

a visit to a table approximately two minutes after the food has been served to check for satisfaction

Don't forget to do your two-minute check to make sure the steak is cooked properly.

terminal noun

computer system for punching in food orders

There's one terminal in the kitchen and one on the bar.

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till noun

drawer of a cash register that money is kept in

You need a key to open the till and make change.

to go verb

to take out of the restaurant We're just going to order a pizza to go.

toppings noun

food items that go on top of other food items to add flavour

What type of toppings would you like to have on your pizza?

uniform noun

clothing that staff members have to wear

The uniform here is black pants and a white shirt.

waiter, waitress noun

staff member in charge of taking orders and serving food and beverages

When I got promoted from a hostess to a waitress I started making tips.

waiting list noun

list of groups who want a table to eat at

We have a twenty minute waiting list tonight.

warm up verb

heat food to an enjoyable temperature for eating

Would you mind warming up the baby's bottle for me?

well- done adjective

cooked for longer than average The meat was so well-done it had no flavour.

wine list noun

a menu of all of the wine you can order from the glass, litre, or bottle

You will notice that we have a lot of local wine on our wine list.

winery noun

a place where wine is made, tasted, and sold

There is another winery up the hill that you might enjoy stopping at.

wine tasting adjective

sampling different types of wine If you are intersted in trying some wines you should go on a wine tasting tour.

II. Food and Drink Vocabulary Quiz 1 I have to _________________next Saturday because it's my birthday. 2 Your _________________will be by in a moment to take a drink order. 3 Some of our regulars were so drunk they had to be _______________and sent home in taxis. 4 Can you bring table two some _________________so they can eat their dinner? 5 I'll write down that I started at nine o'clock, because I forgot to _________________. 6 The cheese on these nachos isn't _________________enough. 7 We have two domestic and two imported beers on _________________. 8 I'll take a gin and soda _________________. 9 Seniors get a _________________on food, but not on liquor. 10 The reservation requested a _________________if there's one available at seven.

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III. Serving a Table Are you ready to take your first table? Here are some questions that you may need to ask your guests. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word. Check your answers and then move on to the guests' responses. 1. Can I _____________anyone in a cold beverage to start? 2. Has everyone _____________, or do you need a few more minutes with the menus? 3. Would you like to hear today's _____________? 4. Is anyone interested in soup or salad as an _____________? 5. How would you like your steak _____________? 6. Is there anything else you'll be _____________just now? 7. And how is everything _____________? 8. Are you all _____________with your plate? 9. Did anyone _____________room for dessert tonight? 10. Is this all together, or would you like _____________? IV. Understanding your Guests How will your guests respond to your questions? They need to understand you, but even more importantly, you need to understand them! Fill in the blanks and check your answers. 1. We'll take a ____________of draft with four glasses, please. 2. I think we are all ready to ____________. 3. We read the ____________on our way through. 4. I think we'll get an order of garlic bread to ____________. 5. I like my steak ____________so that there is a little pink in the middle. 6. Do you have any ____________to dip the chicken fingers in? 7. Everything is ____________thank you. 8. I can't eat another ____________. 9. We'll have coffee while we look at the dessert ____________. 10. You can put it all on one ____________, thanks. V. Understanding the Menu If you are going to be working in a restaurant, it is important that you understand the menu. Different menus use different words to mean the same thing. They also use certain words to make food sound more delicious. It isn't just the server who should know the menu. Hosts, bartenders, and bussers may also get asked questions about the menu from the guests. Cooks have to know the menu inside-out as well. After all, if an item says it is smothered in mozzerella cheese it can't just have a sprinkling of cheddar. Most menus are divided into sections. You may need to help a guest find the entrees, or desserts. A guest might call a drink a beverage or a refreshment. Learn the different terms that are used so that you can understand and serve your guests promptly and accurately.

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VI. Menu Section Also Known As Example Items Appetizers Appies, Finger Food, Combo Platters,

Snacks, Starters Garlic Bread, Cheese Plate, Nachos

Salads (and Soups)

Garden Fresh, Greens, Light Fare, Lighter Favourites, Low Calorie Choices, Low-fat Selections

Tossed Salad, Caesar Salad, Soup of the Day

Sandwiches Burgers, From the Deli, From the Grill, Lunch Menu, Wraps

Grilled Chicken Sandwich, Veggie (Garden) Burger, Steak Sandwich

Italian Noodles, Pasta, Pizza Spaghetti, Pepperoni Pizza, Fettucini

Main Course Entrée, Dinners, Main Dish, Main Event

New York Steak, Chicken Stirfry, Hearty Stew

Sides Accompaniments, On the Side, Side Dishes

French Fries, Rice, Grilled Veggies

Seafood Catch of the day, Fish, Fresh from the Sea

Fish and Chips, Battered Shrimp, Smoked Salmon

Mexican South of the Border, Tex-Mex Fajitas, Nachos, Enchilladas Specialties Signature items, Favorites, Pleasers, 5

Stars BBQ Ribs, Hot Wings, Chicken Cordon Bleu

Desserts Sweets, Treats, For the Sweet Tooth Apple Pie, Mocha Cheesecake, Banana Split

Beverages Drinks, Non-alcoholic beverages, Refreshments

Soda Pop, Juice, Milk

Wine and Beer

Coolers, Draft, Liquor, Specialty Drinks, Spirits, From the Bar

House Wine, Jug of Beer, Peach Cider

Kids Menu Juniors, Kids Stuff, Little Tikes, For the Munchkins

Spaghetti and Meatballs, Cheeseburger, Chicken Fingers

VII. Descriptive Words and Expressions on a Menu Menus often contain special language to make items sound delicious. These words and expressions can also convince the guests to order more food, such as appetizers or dessert. It is useful for servers to learn these expressions in order to sound more knowledgable and achieve better sales. In many English speaking countries, especially North America, having higher sales means earning better tips. Description Meaning Example item available with Guests can have this food

served a different way. All burger selections are available with whole wheat buns.

bottomless (free refills)

Guests can have more without paying.

Coffee and tea is bottomless.

chunky many large pieces of meat or A steaming bowl of chunky

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vegetables vegetable soup coated in, glazed covered in a sauce (often

before cooking) Breast of chicken coated in teriyaki sauce

crispy makes a crunchy sound when you chew

Caesar salad with fresh lettuce and crispy croutons

drizzled with a small amount of liquid poured over top

Apple pie and vanilla ice cream drizzled with butterscotch

finished with final step of the food preparation

A generous portion of spaghetti and garlic tomato sauce, finished with homemade meatballs

Fresh just off the farm/ out of the garden/

All omelettes are made with three fresh egg whites.

garnished with decorated with Our dinners are garnished with fresh parsley and seasonal fruit.

generous portion, heaping, loaded with

a large amount of All sandwiches are served with a generous portion of fresh cut fries.

home style, homemade, made from scratch

from a recipe (not a package) Try our chef's homemade chili with fresh baked bread.

Juicy with liquid remaining for taste

Garden salad with juicy tomatoes, cucumbers, and onions

lightly breaded, battered

rolled in bread crumbs, eggs, or other mixture and cooked

Our fish is lightly battered in beer.

marinated in left in fridge to soak up sauce/juice/flavoring

Our steaks are marinated in a rich peppercorn sauce.

medley variety, mixture A vegetable medley tossed in olive oil and served over rice

mouth watering appearance causes mouth to salivate

Finish your meal off with one of our mouth watering desserts.

on a bed of on top of a layer of A ginger chicken stir fry served on a bed of rice

seasonal produce varies at different times during the year

Ask your server about our seasonal fruit pies.

seasoned with herbs and spices added Roasted chicken seasoned with fresh basil and oregano

VIII. Matching Exercise Match the menu items with the menu section they belong in. 1 Dessert a Big Daddy's Hamburger with fresh cut fries 2 Starters b Homemade Iced Tea 3 Specialties c Junior Spaghetti and Meatballs

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4 Refreshments d Peach pie a la mode 5 Seafood e Mouth watering garlic cheese toast 6 Sides f Loaded mashed potatoes 7 Kids Menu g Chef Brian's homestyle chili 8 Sandwiches h Lemon and herb glazed Salmon 9 Spirits i Seasonal tossed greens 10 Salads j 1/2 litre house white IX. Behind the Bar Tending bar requires special skills, such as learning special recipes, measuring, mixing and serving drinks, and chatting with guests. No matter which country you are working in, you are sure to come across English patrons who want a cold drink. Study the lists and expressions bartenders use. Then read the dialogue and check your understanding. Glassware brandy snifter

Half litre/litre a glass container for serving house wine highball glass a tall straight glass martini glass

Mug a cup or glass with a handle used for hot beverages Pint glass 20 oz glass for draft pitcher/jug approximately 60 oz container for draft or water rock glass/tumbler Short glass for mixed drinks shot glass 1 oz glass for shots and shooters sleeve 12 oz glass for draft wine glass

Classic Cocktails There are many different ways to prepare classic cocktails. Every bar or restaurant has rules about how much alcohol to put in a cocktail and how to build it. The following recipes do not contain specific amounts. Use them to learn the names of the cocktails, liquors, and mixes. Black Russian vodka, coffee liqueur, on ice (for a white russian-add milk) Bloody Mary vodka, tomato juice, tobasco sauce, worchestershire sauce,

salt, pepper, celery salt, slice celery, on ice Cosmopolitan vodka, orange liqueur, cranberry juice, lime, on ice

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Daquiri light rum, lime juice, sugar, blended with ice (for a strawberry daquiri use strawberry mix or syrup)

Long Island Iced Tea vodka, gin, rum, orange liqueur, lemon juice, cola, on ice Margarita tequila, lime, salt, blended with ice Martini gin, dry vermouth, (garnish with olive) Pina Colada rum, coconut milk, pineapple juice, blended with ice Screwdriver vodka and orange juice, on ice Tom Collins gin, lemon juice, sugar, soda water, on ice Common Liquor Gin Clear alcohol flavoured with juniper berries Liqueur various sweet alcohols Rum Clear alcohol made from sugar cane, origin Caribbean Vodka Clear alcohol made from grain or potato, origin Russia Whisky (Rye in Canada) light brown alcohol made from grain, origin Scotland Tequila golden or clear alcohol, origin Mexico Beer and Coolers Domestic beer from country that bar is located in Local beer brewed nearby Cans beer served in a tin Bottles beer served in glass bottle Draft beer on tap Keg beer in a large barrel Ciders alcoholic drink from apples or other fruit Coolers premixed and bottled alcoholic drinks X. Sample Conversation Bartender: Hi there. What can I get for you? Guest: I need something cold. Bartender: You've come to the right place. Guest: Do you have any specials on? Bartender: We have highballs on for half price. Guest: Sorry, I meant for beer. Bartender: Our beer special tonight is a pitcher of local draft with a half dozen wings for $12.99. Guest: I guess I should have brought a friend. I think I'll just have a Heineken for now. Bartender: Sure, would you like that on tap or in a can? Guest: Do you have it in a bottle? Bartender: No, I'm afraid we don't. Guest: That's okay. I'll take a pint. Bartender: A pint of Heineken coming up. Guest: Actually, you better just make it a sleeve.

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Bartender: Sure. And should I start you a tab? Guest: No, I'm driving. How much do I owe you? Bartender: $5.25. Guest: Here's 6. Keep the change. Bartender: Thank you. XI. Check your understanding 1 Which of the following is NOT on special tonight? _______________ 2 What does the bartender give the guest to drink? _______________ 3 How much money did the bartender make as a tip? _______________ XII. Back of the House Working in the food and beverage industry may also mean working where the food gets stored, prepared, and cooked. The kitchen area, which is also where the dishes get cleaned, is commonly referred to as the back of the house. Whether the establishment is a restaurant, cafe, or fast-food joint, there are a number of different jobs in the back of the house, all requiring different types of English skills. Even though you may not have to deal with English guests directly, you will have to understand their needs. You may also need to communicate with coworkers whose first language is English. Study the expressions, vocabulary, and dialogue and then check your understanding by taking the quiz. baker: specializes in baking bread and desserts dishwasher: cleans dishes, floors, restrooms executive chef: highest cook, trained in culinary arts food preparation worker:

helps other cooks by doing odd jobs such as slicing and portioning

Head cook: cook with the most seniority and experience kitchen manager: person who is in charge of the staff in the back of the house line cook: cook that helps with food preparation, but may not have

experience or training Short order cook: specializes in fast-food, simple cooking sous chef: chef that is second in command, works under and learns from

executive/head chef XIII. Wait staff to chef Can you put a rush on table two's order? What's the ETA (estimated time of arrival) on the lasagna? How much longer for the roasted chicken? What's the soup of the day? One of my customers wants to know what you put in your cream sauce. Didn't I punch in a garlic bread with cheese? I'm missing three side salads. Table seven said to give compliments to the chef. My customer says this hamburger isn't cooked enough.

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Are you too busy to make me a staff meal? How much should I charge for an extra side of salsa? Chef to wait staff Can you run this food? It's getting cold. The special is a rack of lamb with a tossed salad. I can do it, but it's going to cost extra. We just got five orders at once. It's going to be another minute for the rice. Are all of these separate cheques for the same table? Did you want the chicken wings to come up first? You asked for that hot sauce on the side, right? How does your table like their cheesecake? Don't forget to punch in those salads. Taste this soup and tell me what you think. XIV. Sample Conversation Executive chef: Get ready. Anna is punching in her order of ten now. Line cook 1: Should I get the salads and soups ready? Executive chef: Yes, let's see. We need five caesar salads and two soups of the day. Line cook 1: Any holds? Executive chef: Yes, hold the croutons on one salad, and put the dressing on the side for another one. Line cook 2: Should I get the steaks on the grill? Executive chef: We're going to hold on the steaks until the appies are out. I need you to put down two orders of fries. Line cook 2: I thought we were all out of fries? Executive chef: Oh, that's right. Did you tell Anna that when she started? Line cook 2: No, but I wrote it on the notice board. Executive chef: Mary, can you tell Anna there's no fries left for her table's order. Ask her what they want instead. Waitress: She just went for a smoke break. I'll check with them. Executive chef: It's to go with the kids' meals. Tell them we can do roasted or mashed potatoes instead. Waitress: Kids? Oh, they're not going to be happy about that. Executive chef: Tell them ice cream for dessert is on me. XV. Check your understanding 1 What is happening in the kitchen? _________________ 2 Which is true about the salads that were ordered? _________________ 3 When will the steaks be put down? _________________