Hindustan Institute Of Technology And Management,AGRA

Cisco Certified Network Associate

Training Incharge:- Submitted To:- Submitted By:-Ashutosh kumar Mr.Shashank Yadav Akash Deep SaxenaAssociate Trainer Ass. Prof (H.I.TM) CS 1200310005 ph-08476890580

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• Software Development• Instructor led campus• Workshops and Placement Service

INTRODUCTION• CCNA stands for Cisco Certified

Network Associate • It gives the information about

networking ,its types and its application .

• Networking is very important as it provides communication.

• It is also very useful as it helps in resource sharing.

• Thus , overall it is a cost saving technique.

TYPES OF NETWORKINGLAN – It stands for local area network. Eg: network

within a campus .

MAN – It stands for metropolitan area network. Eg: network connecting various cities.

WAN – It stands for wide area network. Eg : internet on a whole world.

Networking Devices

LAN cardBRIDGEHUBSWITCHROUTER

Hubs vs. switches

Hubs – less expensive, used in a very small LAN where low throughput is OK

Switches – segments collision domains, interconnects network segments, more expensive, but performance makes it cost effective.

It is a layer 3 or network layer device.

In this there is no broadcast.

It is WAN technology device.

It is useful to connect different networks.

Packet filtering & it finds the best path selection.

ROUTERS

Router Configuration

Router always has two configurations:Running configuration

In RAM, determines how the router is currently operating Is modified using the configure command To see it: show running-config

Startup confguration In NVRAM, determines how the router will operate after next

reload Is modified using the copy command To see it: show startup-config

Router Access Modes

User EXEC mode - limited examination of router– Router>

Privileged EXEC mode - detailed examination of router, debugging, testing, file manipulation– Router#

ROM Monitor - useful for password recovery & new IOS upload session

Setup Mode – available when router has no startup-config file

Logging Into The Router

Connect router to console port or telnet to router– router>– router>enable– password– router#– router#?

Configuring the router– Terminal (entering the commands directly)– router# configure terminal– router(config)#

USER MODE PROMPT

PRIVILEDGED MODE PROMPT

Deleting Your Router’s Configuration

To delete your router’s configuration

Router#erase startup-config OR

Router#write erase Router#reload Router will startup again, but in setup mode, since

startup-config file does not exists

ROUTING

Routing is the exchange of routes between different networks .

There are three types of routing:

1. Default routing2. Static routing3. Dynamic routing

A routing protocol is the communication used between routers.

A routing protocol allows one router to share information with other routers.

The information a router gets from another router, using a routing protocol, is used to build & maintain a routing table.

Examples of routing protocols:1. RIP [ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL]

2. EIGRP[ENHANCED INTERIOR GATEWAY ROUTING PROTOCOL]

3. OSPF[OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST]

DYNAMIC ROUTING

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

•RIP is a distance vector routing protocol•Hop count is used as the metric for path selection•If the hop count is greater than 15, the packet will be

discarded•By default, routing updates are broadcast every 30 seconds•RIP has evolved over the years from a Classful Routing

Protocol, RIP Version 1 (RIP v1), to a Classless Routing Protocol, RIP Version 2 (RIP v2).

•Configuring RIPRouter(config)#router rip

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

• Really just an enhanced version of IGRP • A Cisco proprietary routing protocol• Called a hybrid protocol, but really just an advanced distance vector

protocol.• Fast convergence• Variable length subnet masks• Partial updates - only when the metric for a route changes (bounded

updates)• Multiple network layer support - IP, IPX, and AppleTalk• A router running EIGRP stores all its neighbor’s routing tables so that it

can quickly adapt or alternate routes.

Features of EIGRP Classless Routing Protocol (VLSM, CIDR) Faster convergence times and improved scalability Multiprotocol support: TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, Appletalk

– There is no IPX/SPX or Appletalk in CCNA or CCNP Rapid Convergence and Better handling of routing loops –

(DUAL) Efficient Use of Bandwidth

– Partial, bounded updates: Incremental updates only to the routers that need them.

– Minimal bandwidth consumption: Hello packets and by default uses no more that 50% of link’s bandwidth EIGRP packets.

PDM (Protocol Dependent Module)– Keeps EIGRP modular– Different PDMs can be added to EIGRP as new routed

protocols are enhanced or developed: IPv4, IPv6, IPX, and AppleTalk

OSPF

Open Shortest Path FirstDynamic IGP (Interior

Gateway Protocol)Use within your own

networkLink state algorithm

Shortest Path First

A B

C D

15

3

4 4

7

WhaT IS ACL?Routers provide basic traffic filtering capabilities, such as blocking Internet traffic, with access control lists (ACLs).

An ACL is a sequential list of permit or deny statements that apply to addresses or upper-layer protocols.

This module will introduce standard and extended ACLs as a means to control network traffic, and how ACLs are used as part of a security solution.

VLAN •VLAN stands for virtual

local area network.

•Devices on different VLAN must have a router to communicate with each other.

•If devices are on the same VLAN, then they can communicate through a switch.

INTER VLAN ROUTING

A VLAN is a broadcast domain and unique ip subnet

Switches operate at layer2 (Data link Layer) VLANS cannot communicate without L3

(Network Layer) The L3 communication is called inter-vlan

routing Inter-vlan routing is a process of forwarding

network traffic from one vlan to another using a router

The Subnets of your network facilitate the routing process.

Router interfaces can be connected to separate vlans.

Devices on vlans send traffic through the router(L3) to other vlans.

How to configure EIGRP with RIP on same networkIn this article we will discuss how can two routing protocols exist in same network? We have discussed basic of both EIGRP and RIP in our previous article. Now we will go in more depth by including both RIP and EIGRP in same network.ScenarioYou are the administrator at abc.com. Company network is given below

R0

Port IP address Connected to

F0/0 80.0.0.1 R1 F0/1

F1/0 90.0.0.1 R2 F0/1

F1/1 100.0.0.1 R3 F0/1

R1

Port IP address Connected to

F0/0.10 10.0.0.1 S1 F0/24

F0/0.20 20.0.0.1 S1 F0/24

F0/1 80.0.0.2 R0 F0/0

S0/0/0 30.0.0.1 R2 S0/0

R2

Port IP address Connected to

F0/1 90.0.0.2 R0 F1/0

S0/0 30.0.0.2 R1 S0/0/0

F0/0 40.0.0.1 WR1 0/1

S0/1 50.0.0.1 R3 S0/0/1

R3

Port IP address Connected to

F0/1 100.0.0.2 R0 F1/1

S0/0/1 50.0.0.2 R2 S0/1

F0/0.60 60.0.0.1 S1 G0/1

F0/0.70 70.0.0.1 S1 G0/1

Configuration of R0First we will configure R0. To configure double click on R0 select CLI and configure it as given belowTo configure and enable RIP as backup routing on R0 follow these commands exactly.R0>enableR0#sh ip interface briefInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolFastEthernet0/0 80.0.0.1 YES manual up upFastEthernet1/0 90.0.0.1 YES manual up upFastEthernet1/1 100.0.0.1 YES manual up upR0#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R0(config)#router ripR0(config-router)#network 80.0.0.0R0(config-router)#network 90.0.0.0R0(config-router)#network 100.0.0.0R0(config-router)#exitR0(config)#exit%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR0#copy run startDestination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration...[OK]R0#We need not to configure EIGRP on it as its only going to be a backup route

Configuration of R1Now configure R1. On R1 we need to configure both RIP and EIGRP. RIP for backup and EIGRP for main route.

R1>enableR1#show ip interface briefInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolFastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual up upFastEthernet0/0.10 10.0.0.1 YES manual up upFastEthernet0/0.20 20.0.0.1 YES manual up upFastEthernet0/1 80.0.0.2 YES manual up upSerial0/0/0 30.0.0.1 YES manual up upSerial0/0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downVlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR1#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

R1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 80.0.0.0R1(config-router)#exitR1(config)#router eigrp 1R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0R1(config-router)#exitR1(config)#exit%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR1#copy run startDestination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration...[OK]R1#

Configuration of R2To configure and enable eigrp with rip routing on R2 follow these commands exactly.Router>enableR2#show ip interface briefInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolFastEthernet0/0 40.0.0.1 YES manual up upFastEthernet0/1 90.0.0.2 YES manual up upSerial0/0 30.0.0.2 YES manual up upSerial0/1 50.0.0.1 YES manual up upR2#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0R2(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0R2(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0R2(config-router)#network 90.0.0.0R2(config-router)#exitR2(config)#router eigrp 1R2(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0R2(config-router)#R2(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0R2(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0R2(config-router)#exitR2(config)#exit%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR2#

Configuration of R3To configure and enable eigrp with rip routing on R3 follow these commands exactly.Router>enableR3#show ip interface briefInterface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolFastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual up upFastEthernet0/0.60 60.0.0.1 YES manual up upFastEthernet0/0.70 70.0.0.1 YES manual up upFastEthernet0/1 100.0.0.2 YES manual up upSerial0/0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down downSerial0/0/1 50.0.0.2 YES manual up upVlan1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR3#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R3(config)#router ripR3(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0R3(config-router)#network 60.0.0.0R3(config-router)#network 70.0.0.0R3(config-router)#network 100.0.0.0R3(config-router)#exitR3(config)#router eigrp 1R3(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0R3(config-router)#networkR3(config-router)#network 60.0.0.0R3(config-router)#network 70.0.0.0R3(config-router)#exitR3(config)#exit%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR3#

Testing of EIGRP with RIPNow we have configured both RIP and EIGRP in this network. To test this network double click on PC-PT PC0 and select command prompt tracert 70.0.0.3