curs oop

Transcript of curs oop

Ce este OOP? In practica C++ cookies Crearea unei Clase Link-uri Utile

Object Oriented ProgrammingCDL - cursul 2

Adrian Scoica

[email protected] martie 2013

ROSEdu

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1 Ce este OOP?

2 In practica

3 C++ cookies

4 Crearea unei Clase

5 Link-uri Utile

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1 Ce este OOP?

2 In practica

3 C++ cookies


5 Link-uri Utile

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Despre concept

O paradigma de programare care foloses, te obiecte pentru amodela aplicat, ii

O modalitate de a structura mai modular logica unei aplicat, ii

Face limbajele mai flexibile s, i codul mai intuitiv

Not, iuni centrale:

clasaobiectmos, tenirencapsularepolimorfism

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Despre concept




Not, iuni centrale:


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Despre concept




Not, iuni centrale:


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Despre concept




Not, iuni centrale:


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Despre concept




Not, iuni centrale:

clasa

obiectmos, tenirencapsularepolimorfism

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Despre concept




Not, iuni centrale:

clasaobiect

mos, tenirencapsularepolimorfism

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Despre concept




Not, iuni centrale:

clasaobiectmos, tenire

ncapsularepolimorfism

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Despre concept




Not, iuni centrale:

clasaobiectmos, tenirencapsulare

polimorfism

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Despre concept




Not, iuni centrale:


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Despre concept




Not, iuni centrale:


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Despre clase

Ce este o clasa?

Trasaturile comune pot fi:

structurale

comportamentale

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Despre clase

Ce este o clasa?


structurale

comportamentale

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Despre clase

Ce este o clasa?


structurale

comportamentale

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Despre clase

Ce este o clasa?


structurale

comportamentale

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Despre clase

Ce este o clasa?


structurale

comportamentale

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1 Ce este OOP?

2 In practica

3 C++ cookies


5 Link-uri Utile

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Task: evident, a populat, iei

Vrem sa implementam un mecanism de a lucra cu o populat, ie deoameni ntr-o aplicat, ie (de exemplu, un joc).

Cerint, e:

Indivizii sa aiba nume

Indivizii sa aiba varste diferite s, i sume de bani diferite

Indivizii sa poata dona bani unii altora

Sa putem t, ine evident, a populat, iei

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Vrem sa implementam un mecanism de a lucra cu o populat, ie deoameni ntr-o aplicat, ie (de exemplu, un joc). Cerint, e:





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Solut, ia clasica

1 struct Player{2 char * name;

3 int age, gold;

4 };5 int Player count = 0;

6 void init P(Player * player, char * name, int age, int gold){7 player->name = strdup(name);8 player->age = age;9 player->gold = gold;10 }11

12 void donate(Player * player, Player * dest, int amount){13 dest->gold += amount;14 player->gold -= amount;15 }16

17 void print Player (Player * player, FILE * file){18 fprintf(f,"Name: %s\nAge: %d\nGold: %d\n",19 player->name, player->age, player->gold);20 }

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Solut, ia clasica1 struct Player{2 char * name;

3 int age, gold;

4 };5 int Player count = 0;

6 void init P(Player * player, char * name, int age, int gold){7 player->name = strdup(name);8 player->age = age;9 player->gold = gold;10 }11



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Pas 1: Constructori


3 int age, gold;

4

5 Player(char * name, int age, int gold) :

6 name(strdup(name)), age(age), gold(gold) { }7 };8

9 int Player count = 0;

10



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Pas 1: Constructori1 struct Player{2 char * name;

3 int age, gold;

4


6 name(strdup(name)), age(age), gold(gold) { }7 };8


10



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Pas 2: Functii membru


3 int age, gold;

4


6 name(strdup(name)), age(age), gold(gold) { }7

8 void donate(Player * dest, amount) {9 dest->gold += amount;10 gold -= amount;

11 }12 };13


15


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Pas 2: Functii membru1 struct Player{2 char * name;

3 int age, gold;

4


6 name(strdup(name)), age(age), gold(gold) { }7


11 }12 };13


15


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Pas 3: Variabile statice


3 int age, gold;

4 static int count;

5


7 name(strdup(name)), age(age), gold(gold) { count++; }8


12 }13 };14

15 int Player::count = 0;

16


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Pas 3: Variabile statice1 struct Player{2 char * name;

3 int age, gold;

4 static int count;

5




12 }13 };14


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Pas 4: Operatori


3 int age, gold;

4 static int count;

5




12 }13 };14


16

17 ostream& operator

Pas 4: Operatori1 struct Player{2 char * name;

3 int age, gold;

4 static int count;

5




12 }13 };14


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Syntax sugar: Parametri Impliciti


3 int age, gold;

4 static int count;

5

6 Player(char * name, int age = 20, int gold = 0) :



12 }13 };14


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Syntax sugar: Parametri Impliciti1 struct Player{2 char * name;

3 int age, gold;

4 static int count;

5




12 }13 };14


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Problem fix: Destructori


3 int age, gold;

4 static int count;

5



9 virtual Player() { count--; free(name); }10


14 }15 };16


18

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Problem fix: Destructori


3 int age, gold;

4 static int count;

5



9 virtual Player() { count--; free(name); }10


14 }15 };16


18

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Safety fix: Accesul la membri

1 struct Player{2 private:3 char * name;

4 int age, gold;

5 static int count;

6 public:7 Player(char * name, int age = 20, int gold = 0) :

8 name(strdup(name)), age(age), gold(gold) { count++; }9 virtual Player() { count--; free(name); }10 void donate(Player * dest, amount) {11 dest->gold += amount;12 gold -= amount;

13 }14 const char * get name() { return name; }15 int get age() { return age; }16 int get gold() { return gold; }17 static int get count() { return count; }18 };19


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Safety fix: Accesul la membri1 struct Player{2 private:3 char * name;

4 int age, gold;

5 static int count;

6 public:7 Player(char * name, int age = 20, int gold = 0) :

8 name(strdup(name)), age(age), gold(gold) { count++; }9 virtual Player() { count--; free(name); }10 void donate(Player * dest, amount) {11 dest->gold += amount;12 gold -= amount;

13 }14 const char * get name() { return name; }15 int get age() { return age; }16 int get gold() { return gold; }17 static int get count() { return count; }18 };19


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New horizons: Mos, tenirea s, i supradefinirea

1 struct Thief : public Player {2 private:3 int stolen;

4 public:5 Thief(char * name, int age = 30, int gold = 0) :

6 Player(name, age, gold), stolen(0) { }7

8 void steal(Player * player, int amount) {9 player->donate(this, amount);10 }11

12 void donate(Player * dest, amount) {13 }14 };

Daca am vrea ca un Thief sa se amestece printre Player, atunci trebuiesa declaram metoda din clasa de baza ca fiind virtuala!

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1 Ce este OOP?

2 In practica

3 C++ cookies


5 Link-uri Utile

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STL: Introduction

STL este o biblioteca (accesibila printr-o serie de headere) standard dinC++.

Cont, ine:

Containere de date

Algoritmi

Pe langa STL, limbajul mai pune la dispozit, ie:

Metode de I/O

Clase pentru lucrul cu fis, iere

Zeci de alte mbunatat, iri

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STL: Introduction

STL este o biblioteca (accesibila printr-o serie de headere) standard dinC++. Cont, ine:

Containere de date

Algoritmi


Metode de I/O



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STL: Introduction


Containere de date

Algoritmi


Metode de I/O



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STL: Introduction


Containere de date

Algoritmi


Metode de I/O



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STL: Introduction


Containere de date

Algoritmi


Metode de I/O



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STL: Introduction


Containere de date

Algoritmi


Metode de I/O



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STL: Introduction


Containere de date

Algoritmi


Metode de I/O



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STL: Introduction


Containere de date

Algoritmi


Metode de I/O



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Exemplu utilizare: stringuri, lucrul cu fis, iere

1 #include2 #include3

4 int main()

5 {6 std::string s1, s2;

7 std::cin >> s1 >> s2;8

9 int fromHere;

10 while ((fromHere = s1.find(s2)) != std::string::npos){11 s1.replace(fromHere, s2.length(), "");

12 }13

14 std::cout

Exemplu utilizare: vectori, algoritmi1 #include2 #include3 #include4

5 int main()

6 {7 int n, x;

8 std::vector v;9

10 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){11 std::cin >> x;12 v.push back(x);

13 }14

15 sort(v.begin(), v.end()); // Dar descrescator??16 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){17 std::cout

1 Ce este OOP?

2 In practica

3 C++ cookies


5 Link-uri Utile

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Cerint, e

Am vrea o clasa care sa implementeze operat, ii aritmetice cu numerecomplexe:

Clasa se va numi Complex

Constructorul va avea parametrii implicit, i

Membrii de date vor fi privat, i

Avem la dispozit, ie funct, ii getter s, i funct, ie de aflat modulul

Avem un operator de adunare s, i unul de scadere

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1 Ce este OOP?

2 In practica

3 C++ cookies


5 Link-uri Utile

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Link-uri Utile

http://www.cplusplus.com - Sursa oficiala de documentat, ie a limbajului

http://www.cs.brown.edu/~jak/proglang/cpp/stltut/tut.html - Untutorial de baza pentru STL

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/stl/stlintroduction.aspx - Introduceren STL

http://swarm.cs.pub.ro/~adrian.sc/PA/TutorialC++.pdf - Tutorial C++pentru programatorii de Java/C#

http://cdl.rosedu.org/2010/_media/cursuri/curs01/curs1_oop.pdf - Oprezentare mai detaliata despre OOP n C++ de la CDL 2010

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http://www.cplusplus.comhttp://www.cs.brown.edu/~jak/proglang/cpp/stltut/tut.htmlhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/stl/stlintroduction.aspxhttp://swarm.cs.pub.ro/~adrian.sc/PA/TutorialC++.pdfhttp://cdl.rosedu.org/2010/_media/cursuri/curs01/curs1_oop.pdf

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