TENSE OVERVIEWA. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSEPrezentul simplu se foloseste pentru a vorbi despre actiuni prezente, obisnuite, repetate actiuni zilnice S +VI - la persoana a-III-a singular (he, she, it) se adaug terminaia s sau es .I drink a cup of milk every morning.She drinks a cup of tea every morning. terminaia es se adaug la sfritul verbelor terminate in: -o, -ch, -th, -sh, -ss, -z.She goes to school from Monday to Friday. Forma interogativa: DO/DOES(III.sing) + VDo you play tennis?Does she play the guitar? Forma negativa: S+ DO/DOES + NOT + Vdo + not = dont does + not = doesntNo, I dont play tennis.She doesnt play the guitar.THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSEPrezentul continuu se folosete pentru a vorbi despre aciuni prezente care sunt in desfurare in momentul vorbirii. Nu mai vorbim despre aciunile obinuite, repetate exprimate de prezentul simplu.S + TO BE(PREZENT) + V-ing. - TO BE: am, are, isShe is reading a book now. Forma interogativa: TO BE + S + V-ingIs he playing tennis? Forma negativa: S + TO BE + NOT + V-ingis not = isnt are not = arent No, he isnt playing tennis.Se folosete, de obicei, cu expresii ca now, at this moment, as we speak, ....She is reading a book now. Ea citete o carte acum.

B. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSEFolosim trecutul simplu pentru a vorbi despre aciuni ncepute i terminate n trecut.Yesterday I met my friend Jack.Pentru a exprima o aciune repetat n trecut.Grandma drank three cups of coffee a day.Dup verbele sau construciile wish, as if/as though, if only, would rather, its (high) time.I wish I were on holiday now.Forma afirmativ: S + VIII danced at the party yesterday.Forma interogativ:Did + S + VI ?Did Mary tell her father about the party last week?Forma negativ:S + did not + VI.Mother did not buy those trousers last month.THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Aciuni care erau n desfurare la un moment dat din trecut.I was taking a shower when you came in. Aciuni paralele n trecutSue was peeling potatoes while Andy was cooking the fish. Aciuni progresive care sunt n desfurare de-a lungul unei perioade de timp specificate din trecut.She was shopping between 3 oclock anf four.Forma afirmativ:S + was/were + V-ing.I was dancing when he came in.Forma interogativ:Was/Were + S + V-ing ?Was Mary doing her homework when you arrived?Forma negativ:S + was/were not + V-ing.Mother was not playing cards.

C. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLEPrezentul prefect simplu arat aciunea nceput n trecut i care fie mai continu n prezent, fie influeneaz momentul prezent. Accentul este pus pe rezultat.Formele Afirmativ NegativInterogativ

I/you/we/theyI have spoken.I have not spoken.Have I spoken?

he/she/itHe has spoken.He has not spoken.Has he spoken?

Excepii la adugarea terminaiei edExceptions in spelling when adding edExample

Dup e final se adaug doar ilove loved

Consoana final, dup vocal accentuat, scurt, precum i l final se dubleazadmit admittedtravel travelled

y final dup consoan devine ihurry hurried

Folosirea Pune accent pe rezultat:Exemplu: She has written five letters. Aciune care nc se desfoar:Exemplu: School has not started yet. Aciune ncheiat recent:Exemplu: She has cooked dinner. Aciune ncheiat ce influeneaz momentul prezent:Exemplu: I have lost my key. Aciune ce nu a mai avut loc nainte de momentul vorbirii sau care s-a ntmplat o dat sau de mai multe ori:Exemplu: I have never been to Australia.PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSArat o aciune nceput n trecut i care fie s-a terminat recent, fie mai continu. Pune accent pe durata aciunii.Formele Afirmativ NegativInterogativ

I / you / we / theyI have been speaking.I have not been speaking.Have I been speaking?

he / she / itHe has been speaking.He has not been speaking.Has he been speaking?

Excepii de ortografiereExcepii la adugarea terminaiei -ingExemplu

e-ul final dispare(dar: ee nu este schimbat)come coming(dar: agree agreeing)

Dup o vocal scurt, accentuat, se dubleaz consoana finalsitsitting

Consoana final l este dublat dup o vocal (n British English)traveltravelling

ie final devine ylielying

Folosirea Prezentului Perfect Continuu Pune accent pe durata nu pe rezultatul aciunii:Exemplu: She has been writing for two hours. Aciune recent ncheiat sau care nc mai dureaz:Exemplu: I have been living here since 2001.

D. PAST PERFECT[had + past participle]Exemple: You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York? You had not studied English before you moved to New York. Aciuni ncepute i terminate naintea altor aciuni trecute

Trecutul perfect arat c o aciune trecut a avut loc naintea altei aciuni trecute. De asemenea poate arta c un anumit lucru a avut loc naintea unui moment dat din trecut.Exemple: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand? She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS[had been + present participle]Exemple: You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived? You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

Folosim trecutul perfect continuu pentru a arta c un lucru a nceput n trecut i continuat pn la un moment dat din trecut. Putem folosi expresiile "For five minutes" and "for two weeks". Exemple: They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business. How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work. James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia. A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

E. FUTURE TENSES1.a FUTURE SIMPLE(will and be going to)Viitorul simplu are 2 forme n limba englez: will i be going to. Cu toate c aceste dou forme se pot substitui una pe alta ele au utilizri diferite.

Form Will(+) S + will + V1(?) Will + S + V1?(-) S + will not + V1 You will help him later. Will you help him later? You will not help him later. Form Be Going To(+) S + am/is/are + going to + V1(?) am/are/is + S + going to + V1(-) S + am/are/is/ + not + going to + V1 You are going to meet Jane tonight. Are you going to meet Jane tonight? You are not going to meet Jane tonight. WILL se folosete pentrua vorbi despre: ceea ce vorbitorul face n mod voluntar aciuni stabilite din viitor promisiuni I will send you the information when I get it. I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it. I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. Don't worry, I'll be careful. I won't tell anyone your secret. BE GOING TO - se folosete pentru a vorbi despre planuri i intenia vorbitorului de a face un lucru. He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii. 1.b FUTURE CONTINUOUSForm:(+) S + will be + V-ing(?) Will + S + be + V-ing(-) S + will + not + be + V-ing You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. 1. Aciune n desfurare la un moment dat din viitor We will be writing at this time tomorrow.2. Aciune ntrerupt din viitor - o aciune de durat din viitor va fi ntrerupt de una mai scurt. I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight. I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives. 3. Aciuni paralele din viitor Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time. 4. Atmosfer din viitor When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing. 2. FUTURE PERFECTForm:(+) S + will have + V3(?) Will + S + have + V3?(-) S + will + not + have + V3 You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Aciune viitoare terminat naintea unei alte aciuni viitoare:

By next November, I will have received my promotion. By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.

IMPORTANT! - NU SE FOLOSETE VIITOR N PROPOZIIA SUBORDONAT TEMPORAL.

PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

PRESENT SIMPLE1. Write the HE/SHE/IT formscatchreadcomeruncooksmokedrinkstandfetchstartfixtouchlivewatchmisswishrushwritebuycarrycopyenjoyfrymarryplaystudytryPRESENT CONTINUOUS1. Write the ING FORM of these verbs.BreakcleanwashliveComedieenjoygoMakeplaysingjumpWritestartgetfeelBeginputhitrainRobshopdreamsleepShoutsitstandtalkTurnopenvisitforgetPAST TENSE

I. Write the following sentences in the Past Tense. Example: The dog (chase) the cat. The dog chased the cat.

1. The dog (chase) the cat.2. The cat (climb) the tree quickly.3. The dog (start) to bark.4. I (want) to chase the dog away.5. The dogs owner (arrive) and (walk) away with it.6. The cat (look) happy.

II. Write the sentences in the negative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday. Jane didnt clean her room yesterday.

1. Father watched TV last night. 2. The teacher talked about Robinson Crusoe last week.3. I wanted to read the book.4. The reporter asked the film star a lot of questions.5. I walked to my friends house two days ago.III. Write the sentences in ex. III in the interrogative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday. Did Jane clean her room yesterday?IV. Put the verbs in the simple past and translate the texts.a) When I (come) home, I (find) that the family had finish dinner. I (sit) down (eat) mine, which (be) still on the table. I had only just begun when the door-bell (ring). It (be) a friend of mine. I (tell) him to wait until I (finish) eating. My mother (ask) him whether he (like) a cup of coffee. He (say) he would rather read until I (be) ready.b) One day while I (sit) in a caf, a man (come) over to my table and (ask) if he may sit down for a few minutes. After we (speak) for some time, we (find) out that we once (meet) in Europe. He said, "I (arrive) here two weeks ago and I (not make) up my mind whether or not to stay here." " If I (be) you," I said, "I would learn the language as quickly as I (can) and then make a tour of the country. It would be easier then to make up your mind." V. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple.0I (finish) finished my book last week.1A plane (fly) ________________ over our house.2Peter (have) ________________ a sandwich for lunch.3The bus (arrive) ________________ two hours late.4My sister (make) ________________ a big cake for my birthday.5John always (wear) ________________ a uniform to school.6Kevin (run) ________________ to school, yesterday.7It (begin) ________________ to rain.8We (play) ________________ football for hours.9My family (go) ________________ to Portugal for a holiday.10We (jump) ________________ into the swimming pool.VI. Write statements, negative sentences or questions with used to.0you/have/brown hair (question) Did you use to have brown hair?1people/use/the computer (negative) ___________________________________2he/go/running (statement) ___________________________________________3they/like/painting (question) _________________________________________4your brother/come/by bus (statement) __________________________________5we/drink/coffee (negative) __________________________________________6my mother/speak/Spanish (negative) __________________________________7he/live/in Paris (statement) __________________________________________8Julie/play/football (question) ________________________________________9houses/have/bathrooms indoors (negative) ______________________________10all children/go/to school (question) ____________________________________VII. Choose the best reply (A-I) for the questions (0-8).

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0Do you know where the theatre is? E 1What does you boyfriend look like?2Whats New York like?3Could you tell me the time, please?4Can I help you?5Do you mind if I sit here?6Would you like some cake.7Lets go for some tea.8Wheres the bus station?

AThats a good idea.BIts interesting, but very noisy.CIts near the theatre.DIts nearly four oclock.EYes. Its next to the post office.FNo thanks, I can do it.GYes, please.HHes tall, dark and handsome.INo, not at all.

VIII. Translate into English.1. Am cunoscut-o pe verioara ta n 1988.2. Cnd Peter era tnr, alerga timp de o jumtate de or n fiecare diminea.3. Cnd l-ai vzut ultima dat?4. Am neles atunci ct de mult i iubea fratele.5. Era timpul ca ei s cunoasc adevrul.6. A fi de prere s te duci acolo ct mai curnd posibil.7. Mary recit poezii ca i cnd ar fi o mare artist.8. Ce ora ai vizitat anul trecut?9. De-a ti adresa lui acum.10. A dori s nelegei situaia aceasta.PRACTICE ISIMPLE & CONTINUOUS PASTI. Put the verbs in parentheses into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous and translate (Scrie verbul din paranteze la trecut simplu sau continuu i tradu):1. The ship (approach) _______________ Cape Town when the tornado (begin) _______________ .2. The bomb (go) _______________ off when the president (give) _______________ a speech.3. He (not hear) ________________ the bell because the radio (play) _______________ .4. When I (get) ________________ home everybody (dance) _______________ .5. The plane (catch) _______________ fire when it (take) ________________ of.6. Tim (crash) _______________ into a street light because he (drive) _______________ too fast.II. Turn the following into the interrogative and negative (Transform urmtoarele propoziii n propoziii interogative i negative):1. The children were laughing. 2. The man was waiting. 3. I was translating the text. 4. You were looking at the picture. 5. The girl was coming home. 6. I was learning a poem. 7. The boys were drawing red cars. 8. Mother was making the bed. 9. You were leaving the office. 10. We were buying fresh fruit.III. Translate into English (Tradu n limba englez):1. Cnd am plecat de la poliie John i soia lui nc mai vorbeau cu un poliist.2. Ce se ntmpla n casa ta cnd am trecut pe la tine ieri sear? Am sunat la u dar nu mi-a rspuns nimeni, dei se auzea muzic nuntru.3. I-am pus aceast ntrebare de cteva ori, dar el nu m-a auzit fiindc citea ziarul.4. Eu nc dormeam cnd a venit stewardesa s ne spun c trecem peste Himalaya.5. Nu ne-am dus la teatru ieri deoarece nite prieteni de-ai notri veneau pe la ora apte.IV. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous (Schimb timpul verbelor din paranteze n trecut simplu sau continuu):0For dinner, my sister (eat) ate pizza, but I (have) had soup.1My brother (drink) ________________ coffee while he (do) ________________ his homework.2He (walk) ________________ into the classroom, then he (sit) ________________ down.3While I (study) ________________ , Sue (run) ________________ into the library.4When the class (finish) ________________ , the teacher (drive) ________________ home.5Harry (sing) _______________ a song when Jane (come) _______________ in.6Nothing happened when I (turn on) ________________ the DVD player.7It (start) ________________ to rain while I (walk) ________________ to the park.8Yuki (listen) ________________ to the radio when the phone (ring) ________________ .9The children (go) ________________ the cinema last night.10Mr. Jones (find) ________________ some money when he (clean) ________________ the cupboards.V. Read the paragraph. Choose the best tense for each space. Translate. (Citete paragraful. Alege cel mai bun timp pentru fiecare spaiu. Tradu):My grandfather (0) C to the same school as me. He (1) ______ to our school last week to talk to the class about what it (2) ______ like in the old days. He (3) ______ he (4)______ the names of all his teachers. One of them still teaches at the school.He (5) ______ art and music, but now he only teaches music. As he (6) ______ , he (7) ______ us pictures of his school friends. He (8) ______ us that the boys (9) ______ only football, but now we play basketball as well. He thinks things (10) ______ better in the old days.

0A goesB was goingC used to go1A comesB cameC was coming2A was beingB isC was3A saidB saysC was saying4A rememberedB remembersC was remembering5A is teachingB used to teachC teaches6A talksB is talkingC was talking7A is showingB showedC was showing8A toldB is tellingC tells9A playB were playingC used to play10A areB wereC used to

FOLLOW UPPRESENT TENSES & SIMPLE PASTI. Completai cu forma cea mai potrivit a verbului din paranteze, folosind prezentul continuu sau prezentul simplu:Jack is a teacher. He teaches (teach) at a University. He isnt teaching (not teach) at the moment, he is on holiday. He is reading (read) a newspaper on the beach.Emma and Ben are brother and sister. Emma . (love) Ben and Ben . (love) Emma. They usually . (play) together, but today Emma . (help) her mother to make a cake. Its Bens birthday and he .. (have) a party. His father . (prepare) the decorations and the games because Ben .. (like) to have fun and games at his parties. Ben usually . (invite) ten friends, but only nine . (come) today. Henry . (not come), he .. (not feel) well, he has a cold. He often . (catch) a cold in winter.II. Tradu n limba englez folosind prezentul simplu sau continuu dup caz:1. M ntreb de ce nici bieelul nici fetia nu dorm la aceast or. De obicei ei deja dorm la aceast or.2. Copacii nfloresc aa c grdinile au un miros plcut.3. Mereu mi d telefon i mi pune ntrebri stupide.4. M bucur c i place cadoul meu.5. Copii par foarte obosii n aceast diminea.6. Tata se scoal foarte devreme, dar se brbierete, se spal i i ia micul dejun aa de ncet nct nu auzim nimic.III. Transform propoziiile din propoziii la present simplu n propoziii la trecut simplu i tradu:1. You are tired.2. The baby likes milk.3. My sister understands him.4. We eat breakfast at seven oclock.5. I have a headache.6. The show begins at 8 oclock.7. They feel fine.8. I read a paper in the morning.9. They want another book.10. Billy goes to school.IV. Completeaz fiecare spaiu liber cu verbul potrivit la trecut simplu. Sunt mai multe verbe dect spaii libere iar unele pot fi folosite de mai multe ori. Tradu n limba romn:Walk, be, sit, fly, live, croak, think, listen, hop, get, do, refer, speak, sing, sigh, take, put, swallow, know, respect, turn, swim, ride, hate, say.Once upon a time a big, fat frog ___________ 1. in a tiny shallow pond. He ___________ 2. every plant and stone in it. As the biggest creature in the pond he ___________ 3. very important and all the other animals __________ 4. him. When he __________ 5., the water-snails __________ 6. politely. And the water-beetles always __________ 7. behind him. He __________ 8. very happy there.One day a pretty dragon-fly __________ 9. to him, Youre a fine frog. Come to my pond. Its much larger. Life in a large pond is wonderful.Perhaps hes right, __________ 10. the foolish frog. So he __________ 11. But the big deep pond __________ 12. out to be hostile and unpleasant. The water-snails __________ 13. rude to him, and he __________ 14. afraid of the ducks. As the smallest frog there, he ____________ 15. lonely and unhappy. He __________ 16. on a water-lily leaf and __________ 17. sadly to himself, I dont like it here. I want to go home. Theres no place like home, he __________ 18. But a hungry stork __________ 19. down and __________ 20. him up for lunch.

PRACTICE I a. Present perfect simpleI. Write the participle forms of the following verbs.1. 2. shut 3. spend 4. give 5. teach 6. sell

II. Complete the table in present perfect simple.positivenegativequestion

We have chatted.

The lesson has not started.

Have we won?

She has turned around.

They have not arrived.

III. Write sentences in present perfect simple.1. we / reach / our goal - 2. our team / lose / the match - 3. she / underline / the word - 4. they / not / discover / the treasure - 5. Ron / not / talk / about the problem - IV. Write questions in present perfect simple.1. you / knock / at the door - 2. the teacher / mark / the tests - 3. she / buy / a new computer - 4. they / rescue / the girl - 5. Brad / wear / a blue shirt - V. Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.1. They have seen him at the library. - 2. Robby Robber has robbed another bank. - 3. Bill has ordered three desserts. - 4. Clara has repeated the sentence five times. - 5. Jane has asked a question. - b. Present perfect continuousI. Write the ing-form of the following verbs.1. 2. cry 3. prepare 4. lie 5. win

II. Choose the correct form: have or has and since or for.1. Emma been learning English five years. 2. My friends been living here 2003. 3. I been waiting for Danny 20 minutes. 4. Ross and Gavin been travelling around Australia six weeks. 5. Carol been exercising in the gym 2 o'clock. III. Write sentences in present perfect progressive.1. Kevin / read 2. you / TV / watch / all day 3. Paul / to the radio / listen / not 4. the men / cards / play 5. the girls / cycle / not IV. Write questions in present perfect progressive.1. Carol / shout 2. you / dance 3. Kevin / run 4. they / on the phone / talk / how long 5. these books / lie / on the floor / how long c. Diferena dintre prezent perfect simplu i continuuPrezent Perfect SimpluPrezent Perfect Continuu

Accent pe rezultatAccent pe durata sau cursul aciunii

Aciune din trecut nspre prezent

Aciune terminat dar care influeneaz prezentul

I. Pune verbele la prezent perfect simplu sau continuu i tradu:1. I (play) ____________________________ football for five years. 2. My team (win / only) __________________________ two matches so far. 3. The others (be / always) _____________________________ better. 4. Are we not there yet? We (walk) ________________________________for hours. 5. But we (cover / only) ___________________________________an area of five miles so far. 6. I (finish/just) ______________________________my homework. 7. I (work) ________________________________ on this essay since two o'clock. 8. Jane (go out) ______________________________ with Bob for seven years. 9. Martin (date) ___________________________ three girls this week. 10. How long (wait / you) __________________________ for us? Top of FormRobin: I think the waiter (forget) ________________________ us. We (wait) ________________________ here for over half an hour and nobody (take) _________________________________ our order yet. Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) _________________________________by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we (order, already) ______________________________________________________________. Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) _____________________ here for five or ten minutes and they already have their food.Michele: He must realize we (order, not) ________________________________ yet! We (sit) _______________________________________________here for over half an hour staring at him. Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) _____________________us. He (run) ____________________________ from table to table taking orders and serving food. Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) _____________________________________ in our direction once. II. Alege varianta corect i tradu:

1. I'm very hungry. I___________ all day.

a)didn't eat

b)haven't ate

c)havent eaten

d)have been eating

1. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They ________ completely ________ it.

a)have been redecorating

b)have redecorated

c)already redecorated

d)didn't redecorated

3. Our kitchens a mess. We_______ any cleaning for weeks.

a)didn't do

b)haven't been doing

c)have done

d)haven't done

4. I think they are dating. They______________ a lot of each other recently.

a)had seen

b)haven't been seeing

c)have been seeing

d)have seen

5. We've discovered this great caf and we__________ there a lot.

a)have been going

b)have gone

c)are going

d)have went

6. How's your Mum? I _________ her for ages.

a)had seen

b)haven't seen

c)haven't been seeing

d)didn't see

7. You're covered in paint! What __________ you __________?

a)have done

b)were doing

c)did do

d)have been doing

8. Shes gone to the doctor's. She ___________________ too well lately.

a)hasn't felt

b)hasn't been feeling

c)has felt

d)doesn't feel

9. Where have you been? I___________ for ages.

a)have waited

b)waited

c)was waiting

d)have been waiting

10. I have to write an essay. I_____ about half of it so far.

a)have written

b)have been writing

c)wrote

d)have to write

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