INSTITUTUL NAIONAL DE STATISTIC

Coordonator al ediiei:Prof. Univ. Dr. Vergil VOINEAGU - Preedinte

Colectivul de coordonare a lucrrii:Florin CIURARIU, Gabriel JIFCU, Ilie DUMITRESCU,

Adriana CIUCHEA, Gheorghe VAIDA-MUNTEAN, Doina BADEA.

Responsabil de publicaie:Doina BADEA

Fotografie:Vitty-Cristian CHIRAN

Editare CD:Rodica SOLOVSTRU, Daniela POPESCU, Valentina MUNTEANU,

Mihaela TEFAN, Gabriela ZAGALCA, Lenua POPESCU

Coperta:Alexandru POPESCU

Colectivul de elaborare a capitolelor Anuarului:Adriana CIUCHEA, Silvia PISIC, Ion FLORESCU,

Daniela TEFNESCU, Andoria Cristina IONI,

Lavinia BLTEANU, Andreea CAMBIR,

Georgeta Marinela ISTRATE, Mihai GHEORGHE,

Liliana PINTILIA, Nina ALEXEVICI, Maria Ioana NICOLA,

Constantin MNDRICELU, Floria CRSTEA,

Lucia Cecilia SINIGAGLIA, Florentina GHEORGHE.

Colectivul de design i editare:Ilie DUMITRESCU, Doina BADEA, Lavinia POPESCU,

Vitty-Cristian CHIRAN, Rodica-Elena SOLOVSTRU,

Gabriela Melania PODBERECHI, Minodora RDULESCU,

Elena TUDOR, Genia MIHOC, Andreia MESTEACN,

Cristina BABOI, Mihaela Elena TEFAN, Gabriela ZAGALCA,

Valentina MUNTEANU, Daniela POPESCU, Lenua POPESCU,

Daniela BUCUR, Laura ENACHE.

INSTITUTUL NAIONAL DE STATISTICB-dul Libertii 16, sector 5, Bucureti

Telefon: 318.18.71; 317.77.70 Fax: 312.48.75

e-mail: romstat@insse.ro

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sunt interzise fr autorizarea scris a Institutului Naional de Statistic.

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Publicaiile editate de Institutul Naional de Statistic se pot procura de la sediul I.N.S. prin:Librria Ion Ionescu de la Bradtel. 318 18 42 int. 2254, 1073, 2479

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Punctele de vnzare de la sediile Direciilor Judeene de Statistic

INS 2012

C U V N T N A I N T E

Aa cum v-a obinuit n ultimii ani, respectndu-i obligaia fa de utilizatorii de datestatistice, Institutul Naional de Statistic pune la dispoziia utilizatorilor o nou ediie aAnuarului Statistic al Romniei, naintea sfritului de an.

Aceast realizare a INS trebuie privit, deopotriv, ca un angajament al statisticienilor dea servi ntreaga societate cu rezultatul muncii lor, concretizate n cel mai sinteticinstrument cu care se msoar evoluia fenomenelor i a proceselor economice i socialece au avut loc n timpul anului trecut i n perioada care s-a scurs nainte de acesta.

Dac cineva m-ar pune n situaia de a exprima printr-un singur cuvnt sau printr-osintagm ce reprezint ntr-adevr Anuarul Statistic, mi-ar fi dificil s rspund. ntr-oexprimare sintetic, reprezint lucrarea de referin n sistemul publicaiilor statistice aleInstitutului Naional de Statistic, o ampl i laborioas sintez a informaiilor privitoarela starea economico-social a rii, un autentic instrument de lucru, indispensabilelaborrii programelor de dezvoltare, att pentru organismele administraiei publice,centrale i locale, ct i pentru operatorii economici i ali vectori sociali. De asemenea,este rezultatul efortului conjugat al tuturor celor care, ca furnizori sau utilizatori de date,ne sunt colaboratori.

Anuarul Statistic, stimai cititori, constituie o sum de proiecte reunind lucrri de omare varietate, din diverse domenii, ncepnd cu anchetele de statistic social,anchetele statistice din domeniul economic, al mediului nconjurtor, practic, unsumum de demersuri statistice capabile s caracterizeze comprehensiv toate sfereleeconomice i sociale.

Complexitatea cercetrilor statistice, diversitatea lor i, mai ales, exigenele pe caremomentul actual ni le impune cu privire la calitatea informaiei statistice au fcut dinAnuarul Statistic un barometru al strii economiei naionale i, a zice,al capacitii profesionale a tuturor celor implicai, ntr-o form sau alta, n constituireaseriilor de date statistice inserate n paginile Anuarului.

Reiternd informaiile de baz n succesiunea lor de-a lungul anilor, noua ediie aAnuarului aduce n prim plan elementele specifice ultimului an al seriei, n acestcaz, anul 2011.

Caracteristica esenial a anului trecut a fost, n plan general, persistena dificultiloreconomice, a constrngerilor i elementelor de austeritate, fapte ale realitii caretrebuiau i au i fost reflectate, ca atare, n datele statistice.

Statisticienii au cuantificat, obiectiv i onest, prin metode specifice statisticii, rezultatelevieii economice i sociale, i au realizat acest deziderat cu exigena necesar, deprofesionalism marcat prin cunoaterea metodelor i tehnicilor moderne aplicate nstatistica noastr naional, n consens cu cele recomandate n plan european. Aliniereastatisticii romneti la standardele internaionale n domeniu este, n plan metodologic,nu numai un fapt mplinit ci, n planul fluxului de informaii la nivel internaional, ocondiie indispensabil care a fost asigurat pentru a altura datele noastre celor alealtor ri din Uniunea European, n special, i de pe ntreg mapamondul, n general.

n acest fel, informaiile statistice sunt de natur s serveasc celor implicai n procesulelaborrii programelor de dezvoltare naionale cu valene conforme cerinelor n planinternaional. Aceast afirmaie se bazeaz pe faptul c, dac n trecut se putea vorbidespre statistica naional i cea internaional, astzi o disjuncie ntre cele douaspecte ale procesului statistic nu mai este posibil.

Sunt ncredinat c utilizatorii datelor noastre statistice, cei care vor accede lainformaiile Anuarului Statistic, vor aprecia nu numai calitatea informaiilor,ci i eforturile de inteligen, de gndire i demers conceptual (virtui pe care le-amaezat la fundamentul acestei noi ediii a Anuarului), i le vor evalua cum se cuvine.

Ca i n ediiile anterioare, informaiile referitoare la statisticile n profil teritorial se gsescexclusiv pe CD-ROM-ul publicaiei.

Firete, nimic nu e perfect i, mai ales, nimeni nu e perfect, astfel nct, contieni deacest lucru, vom fi recunosctori tuturor celor care, dincolo de aprecieri, vor gsi timpuls ne transmit opiniile, sugestiile i, de ce nu, i eventualele insatisfacii fa de ceea ces-au ateptat s gseasc n paginile acestei ediii. Este i scopul pentru care am inseratla finalul ediiei un Chestionar la care v rugm s raspundei.

Cu acest gnd, nchei aceste rnduri cu sentimentul c, i prin aceast ediie a Anuarului,statistica oficial romneasc i demonstreaz pe deplin rolul i utilitatea, ca serviciupublic n slujba societii romneti.

Prof. univ. dr. Vergil VOINEAGU,Preedintele Institutului Naional de Statistic

VSINTEZA CUPRINSULUI PaginaPage

Not metodologic general ......................................... VII

Prescurtri folosite pentru unitile de msur ........... XVII

Simboluri folosite ........................................................ XVII

1. Geografie, meteorologie i mediu nconjurtor ........ 1

2. Populaie ................................................................. 35

3. Piaa forei de munc .............................................. 79

4. Veniturile, cheltuielile i consumul populaiei ........ 131

5. Locuine i utiliti publice ..................................... 179

6. Securitate i asisten social .............................. 193

7. Sntate ................................................................ 225

8. Educaie ................................................................ 241

9. Cultur i sport ...................................................... 275

10. Preuri .................................................................... 297

11. Conturi naionale ................................................... 313

12. Investiii i imobilizri corporale ............................ 349

13. tiin, tehnologie i inovare ................................. 363

14. Agricultur i silvicultur ....................................... 411

15. Activitatea ntreprinderii ........................................ 449

16. Industrie i construcii ........................................... 481

17. Transporturi, pot i telecomunicaii .................... 503

18. Comer internaional .............................................. 527

19. Comer interior i servicii de pia ........................ 569

20. Turism .................................................................... 577

21. Finane .................................................................. 601

22. Justiie ................................................................. 621

23. Statistic internaional ......................................... 631

CONTENTS

General methodological note

Abbreviations used for units of measurement

Symbols used

Geography, meteorology and environment

Population

Labour market

Population income, expenditure and consumption

Dwellings and public utilities

Social protection and assistance

Health

Education

Culture and sport

Prices

National accounts

Investments and tangible fixed assets

Science, technology and innovation

Agriculture and forestry

Enterprise activity

Industry and construction

Transport, post and telecommunications

International trade

Domestic trade and market services

Tourism

Finances

Justice

International statistics

VII

NOT METODOLOGIC GENERAL

1. Cadrul legal privind activitatea statistic este statuatprin Legea nr. 226 / 2009 a organizrii i funcionriistatisticii oficiale n Romnia. n lege se regsesccontextul i prevederile care definesc elementeleconstitutive ale procesului statistic, respectiv,colectarea, procesarea, analiza, diseminarea datelorstatistice, dezvoltarea culturii statistice, constituirea iadministrarea seriilor de date statistice oficiale, cucaracter demografic, social, economic, financiar ijuridic, precum i principiile fundamentale care stau labaza funcionrii statisticii oficiale n Romnia.

Statistica oficial n Romnia este organizat icoordonat de Institutul Naional de Statistic, organ despecialitate al Administraiei Publice Centrale, nsubordinea Guvernului, finanat de la bugetul de stat.

Institutul Naional de Statistic este autorizat ssolicite i s obin cu titlu gratuit datele i informaiilestatistice de la toate persoanele, fizice sau juridice, caredein capital sub orice form sau desfoar activitate deorice fel pe teritoriul Romniei.

Principiile pe care se ntemeiaz activitatea statistic,n deplin concordan cu principiile fundamentaleprivind funcionarea statisticii ntr-o societatedemocratic, adoptate pe plan internaional, constau n:independen profesional; autoritate n materie deculegere a datelor; adecvarea resurselor;angajamentul privind calitatea n statistici;confidenialitatea n statistic; imparialitate iobiectivitate; metodologie solid; proceduristatistice adecvate; sarcin de rspuns adecvatpentru repondeni; eficien sub raportul costurilor;relevan, precizie i fiabilitate (credibilitate);promptitudine i punctualitate; coeren icomparabilitate; accesibilitate i claritate.

Att contextul general, ct i principiile de funcionarea statisticii, precum i producerea de date statistice decalitate, armonizate cu normele i standardele UniuniiEuropene, confer rezultatelor activitii statisticegarania satisfacerii cerinelor utilizatorilor de datestatistice.

2. Sursele de date statistice. Datele prezentate nAnuarul statistic sunt rezultatul a dou categorii desurse: cercetrile statistice exhaustive sau prin sondaj

cuprinse n Programul Statistic Anual (PSA); surse administrative.

3. Programul Statistic Naional Anual (PSNA)reprezint instrumentul de baz prin care InstitutulNaional de Statistic i ceilali productori de statisticioficiale sunt autorizai s realizeze colectarea, stocarea,procesarea, analiza i diseminarea datelor statisticeoficiale, n vederea asigurrii informaiilor necesareutilizatorilor interni, precum i a celor ce decurg dinlegislaia Uniunii Europene i din recomandrile altororganizaii internaionale.

GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL NOTE

1. The legal framework concerning the statisticalactivity is represented by Law no. 226 / 2009 on theorganisation and functioning of official statistics inRomania. The Law includes the context and theprovisions defining the constitutive elements of thestatistical process, namely: statistical data collection,processing, analysis and dissemination, the statisticalculture development, the official statistical data seriesbuilding up and management, of demographic, social,economic, financial and juridical nature, as well as thefundamental principles on which the functioning ofofficial statistics in Romania is defined.

In Romania, the official statistics is organised andcoordinated by the National Institute of Statistics,specialised body of central public administration,subordinated to Government and financed from the statebudget.

The National Institute of Statistics is entrusted to askfor and to obtain, free of charge, statistical data andinformation from all natural and legal persons, owing anytype of capital or developing any kind of activity onRomanias territory.

The principles on which statistical activity are based,fully compliant with the fundamental principles related tostatistics functioning in a democratic society, adopted alinternational level, consists in: professionalindependence; empowerment related to datacollection; resources adequacy; commitment onstatistics quality; statistical confidentiality,impartiality and objectiveness; solid methodology;adequate statistical procedures; adequate burden ofrespondents; cost-effectiveness; relevance,accuracy and reliability; promptness and timelyness;coherence and comparability; accesibility andclearness.

Both the general context and the principles ofstatistics functioning, as well as the production ofstatistical data of high quality, compliant with theEuropean Unions norms and standards confer thestatistical activity results the guarantee of meeting thestatistical data users requirements.

2. Statistical data sources. The data presented withinthe Statistical Yearbook result from two data sourcescategories: exhaustive or sample statistical surveys, included

in the Annual Statistical Programme (ASP); administrative sources.

3. The Yearly National Statistical Programme(YNSP) represents the basic tool by means of which theNational Institute of Statistics and the other producers ofofficial statistics are authorized to carry out thecollection, storage, processing, analysis anddissemination of official statistical data, in order toprovide the information necessary to domestic users, aswell as those resulting from the legislation of EuropeanUnion and from the recommendations of otherinternational organisations.

VIII

Programul Statistic Naional Anual cuprindeinformaii, responsabiliti, resurse i termene derealizare, cu privire la: cercetri statistice; lucrri desintez, studii i analize statistice; publicaii statistice.

Programul Statistic Naional Anual se avizeaz deConsiliul Statistic Naional i se aprob prin hotrre aGuvernului.4. Cercetarea statistic reprezint o lucrare complexde culegere, prelucrare, analiz i diseminare a datelorcu privire la starea i evoluia fenomenelor i proceseloreconomice i sociale. Cercetarea statistic se realizeazpe baz de proiecte n care sunt definite conceptegenerale, scopul cercetrii i instrumentarul statistic cest la baza acesteia (modul de organizare a cercetrii;chestionarul, clasificrile, nomenclatoarele, normele,instruciunile etc.). Potrivit criteriului sferei de cuprindere,datele din Anuarul statistic au fost determinate pe bazaa dou tipuri de cercetri statistice: Cercetare statistic exhaustiv (total). n cadrul

acestui tip de cercetare datele sunt nregistrate de latoate unitile populaiei statistice, denumit icolectivitate statistic, bine delimitat. Populaiastatistic desemneaz totalitatea elementelorsupuse observrii statistice, de aceeai natur,asemntoare sau omogene din punctul de vedereal anumitor criterii. Prin astfel de cercetri statisticeexhaustive se obin rezultate detaliate n diferitestructuri administrative, geografice, grupri peactiviti potrivit Clasificrii Activitilor din EconomiaNaional (CAEN) etc.Cele mai cunoscute cercetri exhaustive suntrecensmintele populaiei i locuinelor,recensmntul produselor i serviciilor industriale,recensmntul general agricol.

Cercetare statistic prin sondaj. n cadrul acestuitip de cercetare, datele sunt nregistrate doar de la oparte a populaiei statistice, numit eantion.Eantionul este determinat pe baza criteriilor dereprezentativitate, prin utilizarea unor metodeprobabiliste, ale cror rezultate sunt extinse lantreaga populaie statistic.

5. Sursele administrative reprezint sursele deeviden organizate i deinute de organisme aleadministraiei publice sau non-guvernamentale pentrualte scopuri dect cele statistice. Sunt utilizate numaiacele surse care au un potenial adecvat cerinelorstatistice i corespund rigorilor tiinifice de sfer decuprindere, calitate i completitudine care le facutilizabile i n scopuri statistice. Folosirea acestor sursede date i informaii n scopuri statistice se realizeaz fiedirect, ca date de baz (asimilate datelor statistice), fieprin prelucrri i adaptri corespunztoare pentru asatisface cerinele de calitate, comparabilitate icoeren, fie pentru reconciliere i validarea datelorstatistice obinute n urma cercetrilor statistice.

6. Sfera de cuprindere a datelor. Datele prezentate nAnuar caracterizeaz ansamblul economiei naionale, cuexcepia cazurilor cnd, prin notele specifice careprefaeaz fiecare capitol al Anuarului, se precizeazaltfel.

The Yearly National Statistical Programme includesinformation, responsibilities, resources and deadlines,regarding: statistical surveys, synthesis papers,statistical studies and analyses, statistical publications.

The Yearly National Statistical Programme isendorsed by the National Statistical Council and it isapproved by Government decision.4. The statistical survey is a complex activity ofcollection, processing, analysis and dissemination ofdata related to the economic and social phenomenasituation and dynamics. The statistical survey is carriedout based on projects, where the general concepts, thesurvey purpose and the statistical tools on which it isbased are defined (survey organisation: questionnaire,classifications, nomenclatures, norms, guidelines a.s.o.).According to the coverage criterion, the data included inthe Statistical Yearbook were determined based on twostatistical surveys types: Exhaustive (total) statistical survey. Under this

type of survey, data are recorded from all statisticalpopulation units, called statistical collectivity, which iswell defined. The statistical population represents allthe elements subject to statistical observation, of thesame nature, similar or homogenous from certaincriteria standpoint. Based on such exhaustivestatistical surveys, detailed results are obtained invarious administrative and geographical structures,by group of activities according to the Classification ofActivities of National Economy (CANE) a.s.o.

The most well-known exhaustive surveys arepopulation and housing censuses, industrial productsand services census, general agricultural census.

Sample statistical survey. Under this type of survey,data are recorded only from part of the statisticalpopulation, called sample. The sample is determinedbased on representativeness criteria, by usingprobabilistic methods, whose results are furtherextended to the whole statistical population.

5. Administrative sources means the evidencesources organised and managed by publicadministration or non-governmental bodies, for otherpurposes than the statistical ones. Only the sources withan appropriate potential for statistical requirements andscientific rigour concerning coverage, quality andcompleteness making them also usable for statisticalpurposes are used. The use of these data andinformation sources for statistical purposes is achievedeither directly, as basic data (assimilated to statisticaldata), or after appropriate processing and adaptation, inview to meet quality, comparability and coherencerequirements, or for reconciliation and validation ofstatistical data obtained from statistical surveys.

6. Coverage. The data presented within the StatisticalYearbook characterise the whole national economy,except cases where specific notes that preface eachchapter of the Yearbook stipulates otherwise.

IX

7. Mrimile statistice folosite:n Anuar sunt prezentate, cu precdere, date

absolute i date relative (indici, ponderi, indicatori deintensitate etc.). Indicatorul statistic este expresia numeric a unor

fenomene, procese, activiti sau categoriieconomice sau sociale, manifestate n timp, spaiu istructuri.

Indicele este un raport ntre valori ale aceleiaivariabile nregistrate n uniti de timp sau teritorialediferite.Indicii statistici utilizai n Anuar sunt: Indicele Laspeyres este o medie aritmeticponderat a indicilor individuali ai aceleiai variabile;ponderile utilizate sunt cele din perioada de baz; Indicele Paasche este o medie aritmeticponderat a indicilor individuali ai aceleiai variabile,ponderile utilizate fiind din perioada curent.

Unitatea statistic este un obiect al cercetrii ipurttor al caracteristicilor statistice urmrite prinprogram.

Unitatea de observare este acea entitate de lacare/pentru care sunt colectate date i informaiiprimare, pe baza creia se construiesc statistici.

Unitatea de raportare este entitatea care furnizeazdatele i informaiile primare n cadrul unei cercetristatistice.

Unitatea cu personalitate juridic reprezintentitatea (ntreprinderea, societatea comercial,asociaia, instituia bugetar, organizaia fr scoppatrimonial etc.) care desfoar o activitateeconomic, are contabilitate proprie i ia decizii nexercitarea funciei principale.

Unitatea fr personalitate juridic reprezint opersoan, o gospodrie, o familie, o asociaie sauorice alt entitate ce nu dispune de autonomie dedecizie n exercitarea funciei principale.

8. Datele n preuri curente se refer la volumulproduciei, veniturilor, cheltuielilor sau valoareaproduselor, serviciilor etc. exprimate n preurile anuluicurent. Valorile din diferite perioade n preuri curentenu sunt direct comparabile i, n consecin, nu pot fiutilizate la calculul indicilor fr a fi, n prealabil,deflatate cu indicii de preuri corespunztori.

9. Formele de proprietate sunt: proprietate majoritar de stat - cuprinde capitalul

integral de stat, public, de interes naional i local imixt, unde statul deine 50% i peste din capitalulsocial;

proprietate majoritar privat - cuprinde capitalulintegral privat, mixt, n care peste 50% din capitalulsocial este privat, capital integral strin, cooperatist iobtesc. Tot aici sunt cuprinse i activitiledesfurate de ctre persoanele fizice i/saugospodriile populaiei.

7. Statistical measures used:The Yearbook mainly presents absolute and relative

data (indices, weights, propensity indicators a.s.o.).

The statistical indicator is the numerical expressionof certain phenomena, processes, activities oreconomic and social categories, manifested overtime, area and structures.

The index is a ratio between values of the samevariables recorded in various time or territorial units.

The statistical indices used within the Yearbook are: Laspeyres index - weighted arithmetic mean ofindividual indices of the same variable; the usedweights refer to the base period; Paasche index - weighted arithmetic mean ofindividual indices of the same variable; the usedweights refer to current period.

The statistical unit is subject to the survey andbearer of the statistical characteristics observedthrough the programme.

The observation unit is the entity from/for whichprimary data and information are collected, based onwhich statistics are compiled.

The reporting unit is the entity supplying primarydata and information under a statistical survey.

The unit with legal status in the entity (enterprise,commercial company, association, budgetaryinstitution, non-profit organisation a.s.o.) carrying outan economic activity, with own bookkeeping andtaking decisions when exercising its main function.

The unit without legal status is a natural person, ahousehold, a family, an association or any other entitywithout decisional autonomy when exercising its mainfunction.

8. Data expressed in current prices refer to thevolume of production, income or expenses or to thevalue of products, services a.s.o., expressed in thecurrent year prices. The values expressed in currentprices corresponding to various periods are not directlycomparable and, as consequence, cannot be used forindices compilation without being previously deflatedwith the corresponding price indices.

9. Ownership types: state majority ownership - comprises integral state,

public, national and local interest and mixed capital,where the states own 50% or more of the socialcapital;

private majority ownership - comprises integralprivate or mixed capital, where over 50% of the socialcapital is private, integral foreign or co-operative andcommunity capital. The activities carried out bynatural persons and/or population households arealso included here.

X10. Clasificri i nomenclatoare. Sunt principaleleinstrumente care fac posibil structurarea dup criteriiobiective i corecte a unitilor statistice, a proceselor ifenomenelor observate. Clasificrile utilizate n Anuar,potrivit diferitelor scopuri sau diferitelor domenii deactivitate, sunt: Clasificarea Activitilor din Economia Naional

(CAEN) reprezint un sistem coordonat i coerent degrupare, dup criterii tiinifice de omogenitate, adatelor referitoare la unitile statistice.

n Anuar este utilizat versiunea actualizat a CAEN,respectiv CAEN Rev.2, implementat prin Ordinulnr. 337/2007 al Preedintelui Institutului Naional deStatistic, publicat n Monitorul Oficial nr. 293/2007 irevizuit n Monitorul Oficial nr. 403/2008. CAEN Rev.2respect standardele europene, fiind total armonizatcu Nomenclatorul Activitilor din ComunitateaEuropean NACE Rev.2.

Structura CAEN Rev.2 este urmtoarea: Seciuni - codificate printr-o liter; Diviziuni - codificate prin dou cifre; Grupe - codificare prin trei cifre; Clase - codificate prin patru cifre.

Pentru interpretarea corect a structurii datelorpotrivit CAEN Rev.2, n Anexa nr. 1 a Noteimetodologice generale se prezint clasificarea la nivelulseciunilor i diviziunilor. Gruparea dup mrime a ntreprinderilor; Clasificarea produselor asociate activitilor

utilizat de Uniunea European - CPA; Clasificarea produselor i serviciilor asociate

activitilor - CPSA 2002; Clasificarea produselor i serviciilor asociate

activitilor - CPSA 2008, aprobat prin Hotrreade Guvern nr. 53/1999 i revizuit prinOrdinul Preedintelui Institutului Naional de Statisticnr. 605 / 15.X.2008.

CPSA 2008 reprezint o detaliere a CAEN Rev.2, prinordonarea dup principiul omogenitii a tuturor familiilorde produse i servicii pe niveluri ierarhice succesive.

CPSA 2008 asigur informaii pentru: satisfacerea cerinelor de agregare i detaliere a

datelor referitoare la producia de bunuri i servicii;

identificarea sistematizat a produselor i serviciilordin economia naional;

compararea i interpretarea unitar a datelorstatistice.

CPSA 2008 este total armonizat cu ClasificareaProduselor Asociate Activitilor (CPA 2008) utilizat ncadrul UE. Clasificarea conine explicaii la niveluldiverselor entiti de clasificare n funcie de necesiti. PRODROM - Nomenclatorul de produse i

servicii industriale elaborat de Institutul Naionalde Statistic (INS) i utilizat pentru cercetristatistice privind producia industrial.Nomenclatorul PRODROM este total armonizat culista PRODCOM utilizat n cadrul Uniunii Europene.

10. Classifications and nomenclatures. These arethe main tools allowing for the structuring of observedprocesses and phenomena according to objective andaccurate criteria related to statistical units. Theclassifications used within the Yearbook, according tovarious purposes or fields of activity are: The Classification of Activities of National

Economy (CANE) is a coordinated and coherentsystem for grouping, according to scientific criteriarelated to homogeneity, the data referring tostatistical units.

The updated version of CANE is used in theYearbook, respectively CANE Rev.2, implementedthrough the Order no. 337/2007 of the NationalInstitute of Statistics President, published in theOfficial Journal no. 293/2007 and revised in theOfficial Journal no. 403/2008. CANE Rev.2 observesthe European standards, being fully compliant withthe Nomenclature of Activities from the EuropeanCommunity NACE Rev.2.

The CANE Rev. 2 structure is the following: Sections - coded at one letter level; Divisions - coded at two digits level; Groups - coded at three digits level; Classes - coded at four digits level.

In view to reach an accurate interpretation of datastructure according to CANE Rev.2, the Annex no. 1 tothe General methodological note includes theclassification at section and division level. Enterprises grouping by size; Classification of products associated to activities

used by the European Union - CPA; Classification of products and services

associated to activities - CPSA 2002; Classification of products and services

associated to activities - CPSA 2008, adopted bythe Government Decision no. 53/1999 and revised bythe National Institute of Statistics President Orderno. 605 / 15.10.2008)

CPSA 2008 represents a detailed version of CANERev.2, whose organisation relies on the principle ofhomogeneity of all families of products and services bysuccessive hierarchical levels.CPSA 2008 classification provides information in order to: respond to the requirements of aggregation and

detailed data regarding the production of goods andservices;

identify the products and services from our nationaleconomy;

ensure the comparability of statistical data.CSPA 2008 classification is fully harmonised withClassification of Products Associated to Activities (CPA2008) used in EU. The classification containsexplanatory notes for various classification entitiesaccording to the necessities. PRODROM - the Nomenclature of industrial

products and services drawn up by the NationalInstitute of Statistics and used for statistical surveyson industrial production. The PRODROMnomenclature is fully harmonised with thePRODCOM list used within the European Union.

XI

Legtura CAEN Rev.2 cu PRODROM este asiguratla nivel de patru cifre (clas), ntruct poziiile dincadrul nomenclatorului PRODROM sunt rezultatuldetalierii subclaselor elementare CPSA 2008.

11. Definirea activitilor. n practic, majoritateaunitilor de producie efectueaz activiti cu caractermixt, respectiv activitate principal, activitisecundare i activiti auxiliare. Identificarea activitiisecundare este necesar pentru a ncadra o unitatentr-o anumit poziie din CAEN Rev.2. Activitatea principal, n sensul clasificrii, este

identificat prin metoda ordinii descresctoare (de susn jos). Ea reprezint acea activitate care contribuie ncea mai mare msur la valoarea adugat total aunitii luate n considerare.

Activitatea secundar este orice alt activitatedin cadrul unitii productoare de bunuri sau servicii.

Activitatea auxiliar este o activitate conex,indispensabil funcionrii unei entiti, precum:contabilitate, transport, depozitare, achiziionarepromovare, ntreinere i reparaie etc.

12. mprirea teritorial. Din punct de vedere alstructurii teritoriale, datele din Anuar sunt prezentatela nivel naional (pe ntreaga ar), precum i pediferite uniti teritoriale, n funcie de specificulindicatorilor. Unitile teritoriale, dup statutul lor,sunt administrative (comun, ora, ora-municipiu,jude) i non-administrative (macroregiune i regiunede dezvoltare).

Pn n anul 1998, prin lucrrile i publicaiilestatistice, s-au prelucrat i diseminat, de regul, doardate la nivel de jude, municipii, orae i comune.ncepnd din anul 1998, n structura teritorial i, caurmare, n publicaiile statistice, au fost prezentate datei la nivelul regiunilor de dezvoltare.

ncepnd cu ediia 2008, potrivit Legii nr. 315/2004privind dezvoltarea regional n Romnia, n structurateritorial sunt prezentate date i la nivelulmacroregiunilor, constituite conform Legii privindstabilirea nomenclatorului unitilor teritoriale statisticedin Romnia i cerinelor RegulamentuluiCE nr. 1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al ConsiliuluiEuropean privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun alunitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat nJurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr. L 154/2003.

13. Conform Legii nr. 348/14 iulie 2004 privinddenominarea monedei naionale a Romniei (ncepndcu data de 1 iulie 2005), seriile de date exprimate n valoriabsolute au fost recalculate n lei (RON).

Un leu nou (RON) este egal cu 10000 lei vechi (ROL).

Seriile de indici nu sunt afectate de denominare.

The link of CANE Rev.2 with PRODROM is ensuredat four digits level (class), since the positions fromPRODROM nomenclature are the result of CPSA2008 detailing elementary sub-classes.

11. Activities definition. In practice, most of theproduction units carry out activities of mixed nature,namely main activity, secondary and ancillary activities.The identification of secondary activity is needed in viewto frame a unit under a certain heading of CANE Rev.2.

The main activity, in the sense of classification, isidentified by top-down method. This is the activitycontributing to the largest extent to the total valueadded of the concerned unit.

The secondary activity is any other kind of activitycarried out within the unit producing goods orservices.

The ancillary activity is an auxiliary activity,indispensable for the functioning of an entity, suchas: bookkeeping, transport, storage, purchase,promotion, maintenance and repair a.s.o.

12. Territorial breakdown. From territorial structurestandpoint, the data included in the Yearbook arepresented at national level (for the whole country), aswell as by various territorial unit, depending onindicators specific. According to their status, territorialunits are either administrative (commune, town, town-municipality, county) or non-administrative (macroregion and development region).

Till 1998, within the statistical works and publications,only data at county, municipality, town and communelevel were, as a rule, processed and disseminated.Beginning with 1998, according to the territorialstructure, the statistical publications also included data atdevelopment regions level.

Starting with 2008 edition, according to the Law no.315/2004 on regional development in Romania, territorialstructure also presents data at macroregional level,constituted according to the Law on setting up thenomenclature of statistical territorial units in Romaniaand to requirements of the EC Regulation no. 1059/2003of the European Parliament and of the Council regardingthe setting up of a common nomenclature of statisticalterritorial units NUTS, published in Official Journal ofEuropean Union no. L 154/2003.

13. According to the Law no. 348/ July 14, 2004 on theprocess of national currency of Romania denomination(beginning with July 1, 2005), data series expressed inabsolute values were recalculated in lei (RON).

One leu (RON) is equivalent with 10000 formerlei (ROL).

Statistical indices series are not affected bydenomination.

XII

GRUPAREA JUDEELOR, PE MACROREGIUNI I REGIUNI DE DEZVOLTARECOUNTIES GROUPING, BY MACROREGION AND DEVELOPMENT REGION

Macroregiunea Regiunea de dezvoltare JudeulMacroregion Development region County

MACROREGIUNEA UNU Nord - Vest BihorMACROREGION ONE North - West Bistria-Nsud

ClujMaramureSatu MareSlaj

Centru AlbaCenter Braov

CovasnaHarghitaMureSibiu

MACROREGIUNEA DOI Nord - Est BacuMACROREGION TWO North - East Botoani

IaiNeamSuceavaVaslui

Sud - Est BrilaSouth - East Buzu

ConstanaGalaiTulceaVrancea

MACROREGIUNEA TREI Sud - Muntenia ArgeMACROREGION THREE South - Muntenia Clrai

DmboviaGiurgiuIalomiaPrahovaTeleorman

Bucureti - Ilfov IlfovBucharest - Ilfov Municipiul Bucureti

Bucharest Municipality

MACROREGIUNEA PATRU Sud - Vest Oltenia DoljMACROREGION FOUR South - West Oltenia Gorj

MehediniOltVlcea

Vest AradWest Cara-Severin

HunedoaraTimi

Not: Datele statistice n profil teritorial sunt prezentate pe judee, conform Decretului - Lege nr. 2/1968 cu modificrile ulterioare, iar judeeleau fost grupate pe regiuni de dezvoltare.Prin rectificarea aprut n Legea nr. 315/28.06.2004 privind dezvoltarea regional n Romnia, au fost redenumite trei regiuni,dup cum urmeaz:

- Regiunea de dezvoltare Sud este redenumit Sud - Muntenia,- Regiunea de dezvoltare Sud - Vest este redenumit Sud - Vest Oltenia,- Regiunea de dezvoltare Bucureti este redenumit Bucureti - Ilfov.

S-au constituit patru macroregiuni, conform Legii privind stabilirea nomenclatorului unitilor teritoriale statistice din Romnia icerinelor Regulamentului CE nr. 1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun alunitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr. L 154/2003.Denumirile oficiale ale macroregiunilor sunt prezentate n tabele, n mod convenional, n expresie numeric.

Note: Statistical data at territorial level are presented by county, according to the Decree - Law no. 2/1968 further amended, whilethe counties were grouped by development region.Through the rectification introduced in Law no. 315/28.06.2004 on regional development in Romania, three regions were renamed,as follows:

- The development region South is renamed South - Muntenia,- The development region South - West is renamed South - West Oltenia,- The development region Bucharest is renamed Bucharest - Ilfov.

Four macroregions were constituted, according to the Law on setting up the nomenclature of statistical territorial units in Romaniaand to the requirements of the EC Regulation no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding the setting upof a common nomenclature of statistical territorial units NSTU, published in Official Journal of European Union no. L 154/2003.The official names of the macroregions are presented in the tables, conventionaly, by numerical expression.

!"

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$ %&%

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! ()* #%!&'%(&)*+#''&+,(!'&

#

XIII

MACROREGIUNEA UNU / MACROREGION ONE

MACROREGIUNEA DOI / MACROREGION TWO

MACROREGIUNEA TREI / MACROREGION THREE

MACROREGIUNEA PATRU / MACROREGION FOUR

XIV

Seciune Diviziune Denumire DescriptionSection Division

A AGRICULTUR, SILVICULTUR I PESCUIT AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING01 Agricultur, vntoare i servicii anexe Crop and animal production, hunting and related

service activities02 Silvicultur i exploatare forestier Forestry and logging03 Pescuitul i acvacultura Fishing and aquaculture

B INDUSTRIA EXTRACTIV MINING AND QUARRYING05 Extracia crbunelui superior i inferior Mining of coal and lignite06 Extracia petrolului brut i a gazelor naturale Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas07 Extracia minereurilor metalifere Mining of metal ores08 Alte activiti extractive Other mining and quarrying09 Activiti de servicii anexe extraciei Mining support service activities

C INDUSTRIA PRELUCRTOARE MANUFACTURING10 Industria alimentar Manufacture of food products 11 Fabricarea buturilor Manufacture of beverages12 Fabricarea produselor din tutun Manufacture of tobacco products13 Fabricarea produselor textile Manufacture of textiles14 Fabricarea articolelor de mbrcminte Manufacture of wearing apparel15 Tbcirea i finisarea pieilor; fabricarea articolelor Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture

de voiaj i marochinrie, harnaamentelor i of travel and leather goods, harness and footwear;nclmintei; prepararea i vopsirea blnurilor preparation and dyeing of furs

16 Prelucrarea lemnului, fabricarea produselor din lemn Manufacture of wood and of products of wood i plut, cu excepia mobilei; fabricarea articolelor din and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles paie i din alte materiale vegetale mpletite of straw and plaiting materials

17 Fabricarea hrtiei i a produselor din hrtie Manufacture of paper and paper products18 Tiprire i reproducerea pe supori Printing and reproduction of recorded media

a nregistrrilor19 Fabricarea produselor de cocserie i a produselor Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum

obinute din prelucrarea ieiului products20 Fabricarea substanelor i a produselor chimice Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products21 Fabricarea produselor farmaceutice de baz i a Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and

preparatelor farmaceutice pharmaceutical preparations22 Fabricarea produselor din cauciuc i mase plastice Manufacture of rubber and plastic products23 Fabricarea altor produse din minerale nemetalice Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral

products24 Industria metalurgic Manufacture of basic metals25 Industria construciilor metalice i a produselor Manufacture of fabricated metal products,

din metal, exclusiv maini, utilaje i instalaii except machinery and equipment26 Fabricarea calculatoarelor i a produselor Manufacture of computer, electronic and

electronice i optice optical products27 Fabricarea echipamentelor electrice Manufacture of electrical equipment28 Fabricarea de maini, utilaje i echipamente n.c.a. Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.29 Fabricarea autovehiculelor de transport rutier, Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and

a remorcilor i semiremorcilor semi-trailers30 Fabricarea altor mijloace de transport Manufacture of other transport equipment31 Fabricarea de mobil Manufacture of furniture32 Alte activiti industriale n.c.a. Other manufacturing activities n.e.c.33 Repararea, ntreinerea i instalarea mainilor Repair, maintenance and installation of machinery

i echipamentelor and equipmentD PRODUCIA I FURNIZAREA DE ENERGIE ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND

ELECTRIC I TERMIC, GAZE, AP AIR CONDITIONING PRODUCTION AND SUPPLYCALD I AER CONDIIONAT

35 Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat production and supply

Anexa nr. 1Annex no. 1

CLASIFICAREA ACTIVITILOR DIN ECONOMIA NAIONAL CAEN Rev. 2(aprobat prin Ordinul nr. 337/20. IV. 2007 privind actualizarea Clasificrii activitilor din economia naional - CAEN,

publicat n M.O. nr. 293/03. V.2007 i revizuit n M.O. nr. 403/29. V.2008)THE CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY CANE Rev. 2

(approved through Order no. 337/20. IV. 2007 on the classification of activities in the national economy - CANE updating,published in the Official Journal no. 293/03. V. 2007 and revised in the Official Journal no. 403/29. V. 2008)

XV

E DISTRIBUIA APEI; SALUBRITATE, WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE, WASTE GESTIONAREA DEEURILOR, MANAGEMENT AND DECONTAMINATION ACTIVITI DE DECONTAMINARE ACTIVITIES

36 Captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei Water catchment, treatment and distribution37 Colectarea i epurarea apelor uzate Used water collection and purification38 Colectarea, tratarea i eliminarea deeurilor; Waste collection, purification and disposal;

activiti de recuperare a materialelor reciclabile activities of recycling materials recovery39 Activiti i servicii de decontaminare Activities and services of decontamination

F CONSTRUCII CONSTRUCTION41 Construcii de cldiri Construction of buildings42 Lucrri de geniu civil Civil engineering43 Lucrri speciale de construcii Specialised construction activities

G COMER CU RIDICATA I CU AMNUNTUL; WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF REPARAREA AUTOVEHICULELOR I MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLESMOTOCICLETELOR

45 Comer cu ridicata i cu amnuntul, ntreinerea i Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor vehicles and motorcycles

46 Comer cu ridicata cu excepia comerului cu Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and autovehicule i motociclete motorcycles

47 Comer cu amnuntul, cu excepia Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and autovehiculelor i motocicletelor motorcycles

H TRANSPORT I DEPOZITARE TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE49 Transporturi terestre i transporturi prin conducte Land transport and transport via pipelines50 Transporturi pe ap Water transport51 Transporturi aeriene Air transport52 Depozitare i activiti auxiliare pentru transporturi Warehousing and support activities for transportation53 Activiti de pot i de curier Postal and courier activities

I HOTELURI I RESTAURANTE HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS 55 Hoteluri i alte faciliti de cazare Hotels and other accommodation facilities56 Restaurante i alte activiti de servicii de alimentaie Restaurants and other catering services

J INFORMAII I COMUNICAII INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION58 Activiti de editare Publishing activities59 Activiti de producie cinematografic, video i de Motion picture, video and television programme

programe de televiziune; nregistrri audio i production, sound recording and music publishing activiti de editare muzical activities

60 Activiti de difuzare i transmitere de programe Programming and broadcasting activities61 Telecomunicaii Telecommunications62 Activiti de servicii n tehnologia informaiei Computer programming, consultancy and

related activities63 Activiti de servicii informatice Information service activities

K INTERMEDIERI FINANCIARE I ASIGURRI FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE INTERMEDIATION64 Intermedieri financiare, cu excepia activitilor Financial intermediation, except insurance and

de asigurri i ale fondurilor de pensii pension funding65 Activiti de asigurri, reasigurri i ale fondurilor Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding

de pensii (cu excepia celor din sistemul public (except compulsory social security)de asigurri sociale)

66 Activiti auxiliare intermedierilor financiare, Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation,activiti de asigurare i fonduri de pensii insurance activities and pension funds

L TRANZACII IMOBILIARE REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES68 Tranzacii imobiliare Real estate activities

M ACTIVITI PROFESIONALE, TIINIFICE PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND I TEHNICE TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

69 Activiti juridice i de contabilitate Legal and accounting activities

Seciune Diviziune Denumire DescriptionSection Division

Anexa nr. 1 - continuareAnnex no. 1 - continued

XVI

70 Activiti ale direciilor (centralelor), birourilor Activities of head offices; management consultancy administrative centralizate; activiti de management activitiesi de consultan n management

71 Activiti de arhitectur i inginerie; activiti de Architectural and engineering activities; technical testri i analiz tehnic testing and analysis

72 Cercetare-dezvoltare Scientific research and development73 Publicitate i activiti de studiere a pieei Advertising and market research74 Alte activiti profesionale, tiinifice i tehnice Other professional, scientific and technical activities75 Activiti veterinare Veterinary activities

N ACTIVITI DE SERVICII ADMINISTRATIVE I ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICE ACTIVITI DE SERVICII SUPORT ACTIVITIES

77 Activiti de nchiriere i leasing Rental and leasing activities78 Activiti de servicii privind fora de munc Employment activities79 Activiti ale ageniilor turistice i a tur-operatorilor; Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and

alte servicii de rezervare i asisten turistic related activities80 Activiti de investigaii i protecie Security and investigation activities81 Activiti de peisagistic i servicii pentru cldiri Services to buildings and landscape activities82 Activiti de secretariat, servicii suport i alte activiti Office administrative, office support and other

de servicii prestate n principal ntreprinderilor business support activities

O ADMINISTRAIE PUBLIC I APRARE; PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE;ASIGURRI SOCIALE DIN SISTEMUL PUBLIC COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY

84 Administraie public i aprare; asigurri sociale din Public administration and defence; compulsory sistemul public social security

P NVMNT EDUCATION85 nvmnt Education

Q SNTATE I ASISTEN SOCIAL HUMAN HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK ACTIVITIES86 Activiti referitoare la sntatea uman Human health activities87 Servicii combinate de ngrijire medical i asisten Residential care activities

social, cu cazare88 Activiti de asisten social, fr cazare Social work activities without accommodation

R ACTIVITI DE SPECTACOLE, CULTURALE I ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATIONRECREATIVE

90 Activiti de creaie i interpretare artistic Creative, arts and entertainment activities91 Activiti ale bibliotecilor, arhivelor, muzeelor Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural

i alte activiti culturale activities92 Activiti de jocuri de noroc i pariuri Gambling and betting activities93 Activiti sportive, recreative i distractive Sports activities and amusement and recreation

activities

S ALTE ACTIVITI DE SERVICII OTHER SERVICE ACTIVITIES94 Activiti asociative diverse Activities of membership organisations95 Reparaii de calculatoare, de articole personale Repair of computers and personal and household

i de uz gospodresc goods96 Alte activiti de servicii Other personal service activities

T ACTIVITI ALE GOSPODRIILOR PRIVATE ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS AS EMPLOYERS;N CALITATE DE ANGAJATOR DE PERSONAL UNDIFFERENTIATED GOODS AND SERVICES-CASNIC; ACTIVITI ALE GOSPODRIILOR PRODUCING ACTIVITIES OFPRIVATE DE PRODUCERE DE BUNURI I HOUSEHOLDS FOR OWN USESERVICII DESTINATE CONSUMULUI PROPRIU

97 Activiti ale gospodriilor private n calitate de Activities of households as employers of domestic angajator de personal casnic personnel

98 Activiti ale gospodriilor private de producere Undifferentiated goods and services producing de bunuri i servicii destinate consumului propriu activities of private households for own use

U ACTIVITI ALE ORGANIZAIILOR I ACTIVITIES OF EXTRATERRITORIAL ORGANISMELOR EXTRATERITORIALE ORGANISATIONS AND BODIES

99 Activiti ale organizaiilor i organismelor Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodiesextrateritoriale

Seciune Diviziune Denumire DescriptionSection Division

Anexa nr. 1 - continuareAnnex no. 1 - continued

XVII

U.M. = unitate de msur M.U. = measurement unit

mm = milimetru= millimetre

m = metru= metre

m2 = metru ptrat= square metre

m3 = metru cub= cubic metre

ha (10000 m2) = hectar= hectare

km = kilometru= kilometre

km2 = kilometru ptrat= square kilometre

microgr. = microgram= microgram

mg = miligram= miligram

g = gram= gram

kg = kilogram= kilogram

t = ton= tonne

tdw = ton deadweight= tonne deadweight

l = litru= litre

dal = decalitru= decalitre

hl = hectolitru= hectolitre

W = watt= watt

kW = kilowatt= kilowatt

kWh = kilowatt - or= kilowatt - hour

kVA = kilovoltamper= kilovoltamper

MVA = megavoltamper= megavoltamper

CP = cal putereHP = horse power

kcal = kilocalorie= kilocalorie

Gcal = gigacalorie= gigacalorie

kO = kilooctet= kilooctet

'' = secund= second

' = minut= minute

h = or= hour

0 = grad= degree

nr. = numrno. = number

% = procent= percentage

mii = miithou = thousands (thou)

mil. = milionmill. = million

mild. = miliardbn = billion

echiv. = echivalentequiv. = equivalent

S.A. = substan activA.S. = active substance

buc. = bucatpcs. = pieces

per. = pereche= pair

garnit. = garnitur= set

n.c.a. = neclasificate altundevan.e.c. = not elsewhere classified

PRESCURTRI FOLOSITE PENTRU UNITILE DE MSURABBREVIATIONS USED FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

SIMBOLURI FOLOSITESYMBOLS USED

- = nu este cazul= data not applicable

... = lips date= data not available

~ = date nensumabile= nontotalized data

c = date confideniale= confidential data

G = grafic= graph

*) = date mai mici dect 0,5= magnitude less than 0.5

**) = date mai mici dect 0,05= magnitude less than 0.05

***) = date mai mici dect 0,005= magnitude less than 0.005

= tabele ce apar numai pe CD-ROM.= tables included only on the CD-ROM.

GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIEI MEDIU NCONJURTOR

GEOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGYAND ENVIRONMENT

1

SURSA DATELOR

Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic privind cheltuielile pentru

protecia mediului, completat de operatori

economici i unitile administraiei publice.

DATA SOURCE

Statistical surveys: Statistical survey on environment protection

expenditure, filled in by economic operators and

public administration units.

2

CUPRINS TABELE PaginaPage

TABLES CONTENTS

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZAREADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL

1.1 Poziia geografic a Romniei ..................................... 101.2 Lungimea frontierelor Romniei .................................. 111.3 Principalele altitudini muntoase ................................... 111.4 Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe

teritoriul Romniei ....................................................... 13

1.5 Principalele lacuri naturale .......................................... 141.6 Principalele lacuri antropice ........................................ 151.7 Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din Romnia .. 161.8 Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei,

la 31 decembrie 2011 ................................................. 17

METEOROLOGIE

1.9 Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual) ............ 181.10 Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i

minima absolut lunar i anual) .............................. 20

1.11 Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual) .. 28

MEDIU NCONJURTOR

Resurse naturale1.12 Ariile protejate, n anul 2011 ........................................ 301.13 Rezervaii ale biosferei, n anul 2011 .......................... 301.14 Parcurile naionale i parcurile naturale,

n anul 2011 ................................................................ 31

1.15 Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivitgradului de amenajare, n anul 2011 .......................... 32

Calitatea factorilor de mediu1.16 Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2011 ................. 32

Msuri de protecie a mediului1.17 Investiii pentru protecia mediului, n anul 2011 ......... 331.18 Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului,

n anul 2011 ................................................................ 34

GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

Geographical position of Romania

Length of Romanias borders

Major mountain peaks

Length of major rivers on Romanian territory

Major natural lakes

Major anthropic lakes

Average height of major towns in Romania

Administrative organisation of Romanian territory,

on December 31, 2011

METEOROLOGY

Air temperature (monthly and yearly average)

Air temperature (monthly and yearly absolute

maximum and absolute minimum)

Precipitations (monthly and yearly quantity)

ENVIRONMENT

Natural resourcesProtected areas, in 2011

Biosphere reservations, in 2011

National and natural parks,

in 2011

Water resources assured, according to the

arrangement level, in 2011

Environment factors qualitySuperficial water quality, in 2011

Environment protection measuresInvestments for environment protection, in 2011

Internal current expenditure for environment

protection, in 2011

3Surse administrative: Institutul de Geografie Bucureti; Inspectoratul General al Poliiei de Frontier din

cadrul Ministerului Administraiei i Internelor;

Administraia Naional de Meteorologie; Ministerul Mediului i Pdurilor; Ministerul Finanelor Publice; Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului; Regia Naional a Pdurilor; Administraia Naional Apele Romne.

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZAREADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL

Prezentare

Romnia este situat n centrul geografic al Europei(sud-estul Europei Centrale), la nord de Peninsula

Balcanic, la jumtatea distanei dintre Coasta

Atlanticului i Munii Ural, n interiorul i exteriorul arcului

Munilor Carpai, pe cursul inferior al Dunrii (1075 km)

i cu ieire la Marea Neagr.

De altfel, paralela 45N cu meridianul 25E seintersecteaz n apropiere de centrul geometric al rii, la

100 km N-V de capitala rii, Bucureti.

Cu o suprafa de 238391 km2, Romnia este

a 12-a ar ca mrime a Europei.

Ieirea la mare nlesnete legturile cu rile din

bazinul Mrii Negre, bazinul Mrii Mediterane i, prin

intermediul acesteia, cu restul lumii.

Litoralul romnesc al Mrii Negre se desfoar pe

245 km, ntre grla Musura (grania cu Ucraina) i

localitatea Vama Veche (grania cu Bulgaria).

Relieful Romniei se compune din trei treptemajore: cea nalt a Munilor Carpai (cel mai nalt vrf

Moldoveanu 2544 m), cea medie care corespunde

Subcarpailor, dealurilor i podiurilor i cea joas, a

cmpiilor, luncilor i Deltei Dunrii. Delta Dunrii, cea

mai tnr unitate de relief, n continu formare, are

altitudinea medie de 0,52 m.

Caracteristicile principale ale unitilor de relief sunt

proporionalitatea (31% muni, 36% dealuri i podiuri,

33% cmpii i lunci) i dispunerea concentric a treptelor

majore ale reliefului.

Clima Romniei este temperat-continental detranziie, cu influene oceanice dinspre vest,

mediteraneene dinspre sud-vest i continental-excesive

din est. Temperatura medie multianual este difereniat

latitudinal, respectiv 8C n nord i peste 11C n sud, ialtitudinal, cu valori de -2,5C n etajul montan

(Vrfu Omu - masivul Bucegi) i 11,6C n cmpie(oraul Zimnicea - judeul Teleorman).

Precipitaiile anuale scad n intensitate de la vest la

est, respectiv de la peste 600 mm la mai puin de 500 mm

Administrative sources: Institute of Geography Bucharest; General Inspectorate of Border Police within the

Ministry of Administration and Interior;

National Administration of Meteorology; Ministry of Environment and Forests; Ministry of Public Finances; National Agency for Environment Protection; National Company of Forests; National Administration Romanian Waters.

GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

Description

Romania is situated in the geographical centre ofEurope (south-east of Central Europe) at the north of the

Balkan Peninsula, at half the distance between Atlantic

Coast and The Urals, inside and outside the Carpathians

Arch, on the Danube lower course (1075 km) and has

exit to the Black Sea.

Otherwise, the 45N parallel with the 25E meridianintersects near the geometrical centre of the country,

100 km N-V of the country capital, Bucharest.

Romania is the twelfth country of Europe, having an

area of 238391 km2.

The exit to the sea enables the connections with the

countries in the Black Sea basin, in the Mediterranean

Sea basin and, by means of this, rest of the world.

Romanian seaside of the Black Sea is lying on

245 km, between Musura stream (at the border with Ukraine)

and Vama Veche locality (at the border with Bulgaria).

Romania's relief consists of three major levels: thehighest one in the Carpathians (the highest peak

Moldoveanu 2544 m), the middle one which corresponds

to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills and to the plateaus

and the lowest one in plains, meadows and Danube

Delta. The Danube Delta, the youngest relief unit under

permanent formation, has the average height of 0.52 m.

Main features of relief units are proportionality

(31% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and

meadows) and concentric display of the relief major

levels.

Romanias climate is temperate-continental oftransition, with oceanic influences from the West,

Mediterranean ones from South-West and continental-

excessive ones from the East. Multiannual average

temperature is latitudinally different, 8C in the North andover 11C in the South, and altitudinally, with values of-2.5C in the mountain floor (Omu peak - Bucegi massif)and 11.6C in the plain (Zimnicea town - Teleorman county).

Yearly precipitations decrease in intensity from west

to east, from over 600 mm to less 500 mm in the East

4n Cmpia Romn de Est, sub 450 mm n Dobrogea i

circa 350 mm pe litoral, pentru ca n regiunile muntoase

s ajung la 1000-1500 mm.

Apele curgtoare ale Romniei sunt dispuse radial,marea majoritate avnd izvoarele n Carpai. Principalul

colector al acestora este fluviul Dunrea, care strbate

ara n partea sudic pe o lungime de 1075 km i se

vars n Marea Neagr.

Lacurile sunt reprezentate prin lacuri naturale(numeroase tipuri genetice) rspndite n toate unitile

majore de relief, de la cele glaciare n etajul alpin (Lacul

Mioarelor - Fgra la 2282 m) la limanele

fluvio-maritime (Lacul Techirghiol la 1,5 m) i prin lacuri

antropice, de asemenea n toate unitile de relief.

Vegetaia este condiionat de relief i deelementele pedo-climatice, ntlnindu-se o dispunere

etajat a acesteia. Regiunile montane sunt acoperite de

pduri de conifere (ndeosebi molid), pduri de amestec

(fag, brad i molid) i pduri de fag. Pe culmile mai nalte

se afl pajiti alpine i tufriuri de jneapn, ienupr,

afin, merior i altele.

n regiunile de deal i de podi se ntlnesc pduri

de foioase n care predomin fagul, gorunul sau stejarul;

pe dealurile joase i cmpiile nalte, adesea, principalele

specii care alctuiesc pdurile sunt cerul i grnia.

Vegetaia de step i de silvostep, care ocupa ariile

cu deficit de umiditate din Podiul Dobrogei, Cmpia

Romn, Podiul Moldovei, Cmpia Banatului i

Crianei, a fost, n cea mai mare parte, nlocuit prin

culturi agricole.

Fauna Romniei este grupat pe areale difereniaten funcie de biotopul fiecrei specii. n etajul alpin apar

elemente relicte precum capra neagr i vulturul de

munte. n pdurile carpatine triesc diferite mamifere:

urs, cerb, rs, lup, mistre, cprior, veveri i un numr

mare de specii de psri. n cteva regiuni muntoase se

mai pstreaz cocoul de munte i cocoul de

mesteacn; n regiunile de deal i cmpie sunt

rspndite: iepurele, crtia, ariciul, diferite psri,

oprle, batracieni .a.; pentru zonele de step sunt

caracteristice roztoarele (popndul i hrciogul).

Fauna acvatic este reprezentat ndeosebi prin pstrv

n apele de munte (lostria, mai rspndit n trecut, a

devenit destul de rar); clean i mrean n regiunile de

deal; crap, biban, tiuc, somn, caras n cele de cmpie

i Delta Dunrii; n apele marine teritoriale i pe Dunrea

inferioar se ntlnesc i specii de sturioni.

Resursele minerale utile ale Romniei sunt variate.Printre principalele resurse minerale utile pot fi

menionate: petrolul, cu vechi tradiii de exploatare;

gazele naturale; crbunii, n special huila cocsificabil,

crbunele brun i lignitul; minereuri feroase i neferoase,

zcminte de aur, argint i de bauxit; rezerve mari de

Romanian Plain, under 450 mm in Dobrogea and about

350 mm by seaside, in the mountainous areas they

reach 1000-1500 mm.

Romanian running waters are radially displayed,most of them having the springs in the Carpathians.Their

main collector is the Danube river, which crosses the

country in the south on 1075 km length and flows into the

Black Sea.

The lakes are represented by natural lakes(numerous genetic types) spread in all major units of

relief, from glacial ones in the alpine floor (Mioarelor

Lake - Fgra 2282 m) to river-maritime banks

(Techirghiol Lake at 1.5 m) and anthropic lakes, as well

in all relief units.

The vegetation is determined by the relief and bypedo-climatic elements, being displayed in floors.

Mountainous regions are covered by coniferous forests

(especially spruce fir), mixture forests (beech, fir-tree,

spruce fir) and beech forests. Higher peaks are covered

by alpine lawns and bushes of dwarf pine, juniper,

bilberry, red bilberry a.s.o.

In the hills and plateaus regions there are broad-

leaved forests, prevailing beech, common oak or durmast

oak; the main forest species often met on low hills and

high plains are Quercus cerris and Quercus frainetto.

The steppe and silvosteppe vegetation, which

covered the areas of low humidity in Dobrogea Plateau,

Romanian Plain, Moldova Plateau, Banat and Criana

Plain has been mostly replaced by agricultural crops.

Romania's fauna is grouped by different arealsaccording to each species biotype. Relict elements as

black goat (chamois) and mountain vulture live in the

alpine area. In the Carpathian forests live various

animals: bear, buck, lynx, wolf, wild boar, roebuck,

squirrel and several species of birds. In a few

mountainous areas both mountain cock and birch cock

are still met. In the hill and field areas there are hares,

moles, hedgehogs, various birds, lizards, batrachia

a.s.o.; rodent animals as gopher and hamster are

characteristic for the steppe areas. Water fauna is

represented especially by trout in the mountainous

waters (huck which was mostly spread in the past has

become quite rare); dace and barbel in the hill region;

carp, perch, pike, sheat fish, crucian in the field region

and Danube Delta; sturgeon species are also met in the

marine territorial waters and on the downstream Danube.

Romania's useful minerals resources are various.Among the main useful minerals resources we can

mention: crude oil, with old exploitation traditions; natural

gas; coal, especially coking pitcoal, brown coal and

lignite; ferrous and non-ferrous ores, gold, silver and

bauxite ore deposits; vast reserves of salt as well as

5sare, precum i o serie de resurse nemetalifere.

O categorie aparte a bogiilor de subsol o constituie

cele peste 2000 de izvoare de ape minerale, cu valene

pentru consum i tratamente medicale.

Teritoriul Romniei este mprit din punct devedere administrativ n: sate, comune, orae, municipii

i judee.

Conform Legii privind stabilirea nomenclatorului

unitilor teritoriale statistice din Romnia s-au constituit

patru macroregiuni (n concordan cu prevederileLegii nr. 315/2004 privind dezvoltarea regional n

Romnia i armonizarea cu cerinele Regulamentului

CE nr. 1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului

European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun al

unitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n

Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr. L 154/2003.

Macroregiunile nu sunt uniti administrativ-teritorialei nu au personalitate juridic; sunt constituite pentru a

asigura colectarea, elaborarea i difuzarea statisticilor

regionale armonizate la nivelul Uniunii Europene.

Ca uniti teritoriale (non-administrative) au fost

create 8 regiuni de dezvoltare, constituite prin reuniunea

mai multor judee.

Judeul reprezint unitatea administrativ-teritorialtradiional n Romnia, alctuit din orae i comune, n

funcie de condiiile geografice, economice, social-

politice i de legturile culturale i tradiionale ale

populaiei. Teritoriul Romniei este organizat n 42 de

judee (inclusiv Municipiul Bucureti).

Municipiul este un ora cu un rol economic, social,politic i cultural nsemnat avnd, de regul, funcie

administrativ.

Oraul reprezint o concentrare uman cu o funcieadministrativ i un mod de via specific ariilor urbane

i o structur profesional a populaiei n care predomin

cea ocupat n ramurile neagricole.

Comuna este unitatea administrativ-teritorial carecuprinde populaia rural unit prin comunitate de

interese i tradiii, fiind alctuit din unul sau mai multe

sate (din care unul este reedin de comun).

Satul este cea mai mic unitate teritorial, avnd caracteristicile aezrilor de tip rural.

Oraele principale: Bucureti, Timioara, Iai,Cluj-Napoca, Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov,

Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.

Porturile principale: la Marea Neagr: Constana, Mangalia;

la Dunre: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu

Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea,

Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova,

Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.

numerous non-metalliferrous resources. A special category

of subsoil riches is constituted by over 2000 mineral

water springs, with consumption and medical treatments

valences.

Romanian territory is divided from administrativeviewpoint into: villages, communes, towns, municipalities

and counties.

According to the Law on setting up the nomenclature

of statistical territorial units in Romania, fourmacroregions were constituted (according to the Lawno. 315/2004 on regional development in Romania and

harmonisation to the requirements of the EC Regulation

no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the

Council regarding the setting up of a common

nomenclature of statistical territorial units NUTS,

published in Official Journal of European Union

no. L 154/2003.

Macroregions are not administrative territorial unitsand have no legal entity, they are constituted to assure

the collection, compilation and transmission of

harmonised regional statistics at European Union level.

As territorial (non-administrative) units, 8 regions of

development were created, gathering several counties.

County represents traditional administrative-territorial unit in Romania, including towns and

communes, depending on geographical, economical and

social-political conditions and population cultural and

traditional relations. Romanian territory is organized into

42 counties (including Bucharest Municipality).

Municipality is a town, with an important economic,social, political and cultural role, usually having

administrative function.

Town represents a human concentration withadministrative function and a life specific to urban areas

and with a population professional structure where the

population employed in non-agricultural branches prevails.

Commune is a territorial-administrative unit whichcomprises rural population united by interest and

traditional community, including one or several villages

(from which one is commune residence).

Village is the smallest territorial unit, havingcharacteristics of rural settlements.

Main cities: Bucharest, Timioara, Iai, Cluj-Napoca,Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila,

Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.

Main harbours: at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia;

at the Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu

Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele,

Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod,

Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.

6Aeroporturile principale: Bucureti (Henri Coand -Otopeni i Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana (Mihail

Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca,

Iai, Craiova, Arad, Bacu, Baia Mare, Oradea, Satu Mare,

Sibiu, Suceava, Trgu Mure, Tulcea.

Capitala: Municipiul Bucureti (1919352 locuitori,la 1 iulie 2011 - date provizorii ce urmeaz a fi rectificate

dup publicarea rezultatelor finale ale Recensmntului

Populaiei i Locuinelor - 2011), mprit n ase

sectoare administrative. Prima menionare documentar

dateaz din 20.IX.1459, ca reedin a lui Vlad epe.

Capital a rii Romneti ncepnd din a doua jumtate

a secolului al XVII-lea i Capitala Romniei, din anul

1862, municipiul Bucureti este cel mai important centru

politic, economic i cultural-tiinific al rii.

Limba oficial: limba romn.Drapelul Romniei este tricolor; culorile sunt

aezate vertical n ordinea urmtoare, ncepnd de la

lance: albastru, galben, rou.

Ziua naional a Romniei: 1 Decembrie.Imnul naional al Romniei este Deteapt-te

romne.

Forma de guvernmnt a Romniei este republica: Republic, conform Constituiei adoptate n 1991 i

modificat n 2003;

Puterea legislativ este reprezentat de un

parlament bicameral (Camera Deputailor i

Senatul), iar puterea executiv este exercitat de

Guvern, condus de un prim-ministru desemnat de

preedintele rii;

Preedintele rii este ales n baza rezultatelor

alegerilor generale prin scrutin universal pentru un

mandat de 5 ani.

Moneda naional: Leu, cu subdiviziunea ban.Cursul monedei naionale este stabilit zilnic pe piaa

valutar interbancar, moneda de referin fiind euro.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METEOROLOGIE

Cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor fizice din

atmosfera terestr, care determin starea timpului i

clima, are la baz msurtorile i observaiile

meteorologice ce se efectueaz permanent sau periodic

n diferite puncte de pe suprafaa globului terestru i la

diferite nlimi n atmosfera liber. Programul unitar al

msurtorilor i observaiilor, precum i alte activiti

meteorologice se asigur prin colaborare

internaional, n cadrul Administraiei Naionale de

Meteorologie, cu Organizaia Meteorologic Mondial.

Staia meteorologic reprezint punctul de pesuprafaa terestr unde se efectueaz observaii i

Main airports: Bucharest (Henri Coand -Otopeni and Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana

(Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia),

Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Craiova, Arad, Bacu, Baia Mare,

Oradea, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Trgu Mure, Tulcea.

The capital: Bucharest Municipality (1919352inhabitants on July 1, 2011 - provisional data to be

rectified after the publication of final results of 2011,

Population and Housing Census), organised into six

administrative sectors. The first documentary mention

was on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad epe. Capital

of ara Romneasc since the second half of the XVIIth

century and Capital of Romania since 1862, Bucharest

Municipality is the most important political, economic and

cultural-scientific center of the country.

Official language: Romanian.Flag of Romania: is three - coloured; the colours

are placed vertically in the following order from the

lance: blue, yellow, red.

National day of Romania: December, 1.National anthem of Romania is Wake up,

Romanian.

Government form in Romania is the republic: Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in

1991 and modified in 2003;

Legislative power is represented by two chamber

Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate), and

executive power is carried out by Government led

by Prime Minister appointed by the countrys

President;

President of the country is elected based on

general elections results by universal vote for a

5 years mandate.

National currency: Leu, with ban as subdivision.The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency

market on a daily basis, reference currency being euro.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

METEOROLOGY

The research on physical processes and phenomena

in the terrestrial atmosphere, which determine the weather

and the climate, relies on the meteorological measurements

and observations, permanently or periodically carried out in

different points on the terrestrial globe surface and at

various altitudes in the free atmosphere. The unitary

programme of measurements and observations, as well as

other meteorological activities are assured by international

co-operation within National Administration of Meteorology,

with the World Meteorology Organisation.

The meteorological station represents the pointfrom the terrestrial surface, where measurements and

7msurtori asupra tuturor elementelor i fenomenelor

meteorologice, conform programului stabilit. Majoritatea

observaiilor, msurtorilor i determinrilor

meteorologice de la staii se efectueaz pe platforma

meteorologic situat pe un teren deschis, tipic pentru

regiunea respectiv, cu dimensionarea standard de

26 m x 26 m.

Pentru cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor

atmosferice i pentru calculul diferiilor parametri

meteorologici i climatici, este necesar raportarea

observaiilor i msurtorilor, care se realizeaz att n

spaiu, ct i n timp.

Programul climatologic reprezint complexulobservaiilor i msurtorilor meteorologice ce se

execut la staii, dup timpul solar mediu local, att la

termenele fixe, ct i continuu n 24 de ore. Permanent,

la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19 timp solar mediu

local) se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupra:

presiunii atmosferice, vntului, temperaturii i umezelii

aerului, temperaturii suprafeei solului, nebulozitii,

precipitaiilor, vizibilitii orizontale. Continuu, n tot cursul

zilei i nopii se determin caracteristicile tuturor

fenomenelor meteorologice (hidrometeori, litometeori,

electrometeori etc.).

Observaiile asupra temperaturii aerului constaun msurarea temperaturii aerului la termenele stabilite i

n determinarea valorilor maxime i minime ale acesteia

n intervalele de timp dintre aceste termene.

Temperatura aerului se msoar cu instrumente cu

citire direct, psihrometrul cu ventilaie artificial,

termometrul de maxim cu mercur i termometrul de

minim cu alcool i cu aparate nregistratoare

(termografe). Pentru ca instrumentele cu care se

msoar temperatura i umezeala aerului s nu fie

influenate direct de radiaia solar, de radiaia terestr,

de precipitaii i de rafalele vntului, ele se instaleaz n

adpostul meteorologic situat la 2 m nlime deasupra

solului.

Msurarea cantitilor de ap ce provin dinprecipitaii atmosferice sau care se depun din ali

hidrometeori se efectueaz cu ajutorul pluviometrului, iar

nregistrarea continu a precipitaiilor (lichide) se face cu

pluviograful. Cantitile de ap se msoar zilnic la

termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19) i se exprim prin

grosimea stratului de ap czut, n mm (1mm=1l / m2).

MEDIU NCONJURTOR

Resursele de ap reprezint potenialul hidrologicformat din apele de suprafa i subterane n regim

natural i amenajat, inventariate la nceputul anului, din

care se asigur alimentarea diverselor folosine.

observations on all meteorological elements and

phenomena are carried out in keeping with the

programme. Most of meteorological observations,

measurements and determinations from the stations are

performed on the meteorological area situated on an

open land, typical for the respective region, with the

standard dimension of 26 m x 26 m.

In order to observe the atmospheric processes and

phenomena and to compute various meteorological and

climatic parameters, it is necessary to report

observations and measurements, carried out both in

space and over time.

The climatic programme represents the complex ofmeteorological observations and measurements

performed at stations, according to the local average solar

time, both at fixed deadlines and continuously during

24 hours. Permanently, at the climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13,

19 local average solar time), the observations and

measurements are done for: atmospheric pressure, wind,

air temperature and humidity, ground surface temperature,

cloudiness, precipitations, horizontal visibility.

Continuously, during all day and night, the characteristics

of all meteorological phenomena (hydrometeors,

litometeors, electrometeors a.s.o.) are determined.

Air temperature observations consist of airtemperature measurement at the observation deadlines

and of determining its maximum and minimum values,

during the intervals between the climatic observation

deadlines.

Air temperature is measured with direct reading

instruments, the psychrometer with artificial ventilation,

the thermometer of maximum with mercury and the

thermometer of minimum with alcohol and with recording

apparatus (thermographs). In view to ensure that the

instruments for measuring air temperature and humidity

are not directly influenced by the solar, terrestrial

radiation, by precipitations and by wind gusts, they

should be placed in the meteorological shelter situated at

2 meters high above the ground.

The measurement of water quantities comingfrom atmospheric precipitations or deposited by other

hydrometeors is carried out by means of pluviometer and

the continuous recording of precipitations (liquids) is

performed with the pluviograph. Water quantities are

daily measured at climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19) and

they are expressed by the thickness of the fallen water

layer, in mm (1mm=1l / m2).

ENVIRONMENT

Water resources represent the hydrologicalpotential consisting of the superficial and underground

waters, under natural and arranged conditions, registered

at the beginning of the year, of which the utilities are fed.

8Ariile naturale protejate, conform O.U.G.nr. 57/2007, reprezint zone terestre, acvatice i/sau

subterane, cu perimetrul legal stabilit i avnd un regim

special de ocrotire i conservare, n care exist specii de

plante i animale slbatice, elemente i formaiuni

biogeografice sau de alt natur, cu valoare ecologic,

tiinific sau cultural deosebit i cuprind:

rezervaii ale biosferei - arii naturale protejate alcror scop este protecia i conservarea unor zone

de habitat natural i a diversitii biologice specifice;

parcuri naionale - arii naturale protejate al crorscop este protecia i conservarea unor eantioane

reprezentative pentru spaiul biogeografic naional;

parcuri naturale - arii naturale protejate al crorscop este protecia i conservarea unor ansambluri

peisagistice n care interaciunea activitilor umane

cu natura de-a lungul timpului a creat o zon

distinct, cu valoare semnificativ peisagistic i/sau

cultural, deseori cu o mare diversitate biologic;

rezervaii tiinifice - arii naturale protejate al crorscop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate

naturale terestre i/sau acvatice, cuprinznd

elemente reprezentative de interes tiinific;

rezervaii naturale - arii naturale protejate al crorscop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate i

specii naturale importante sub aspect floristic,

faunistic, forestier, hidrologic, geologic, speologic,

paleontologic, pedologic;

monumente ale naturii - arii naturale protejate alcror scop este protecia i conservarea unor

elemente naturale cu valoare i semnificaie

ecologic, tiinific, peisagistic deosebite;

zone umede de importan internaional suntacele arii naturale protejate al cror scop este

asigurarea proteciei i conservrii siturilor naturale

cu diversitate biologic specific zonelor umede;

arii de protecie special avifaunistic sunt acele ariinaturale protejate ale cror scopuri sunt conservarea,

meninerea, i acolo unde este cazul, readucerea

ntr-o stare de conservare favorabil a speciilor de

psri i a habitatelor specifice, desemnate pentru

protecia speciilor de psri migratoare slbatice;

situri de importan comunitar reprezint acele ariicare, n regiunile biogeografice n care exist,

contribuie semnificativ la meninerea sau restaurarea la

o stare de conservare favorabil a habitatelor naturale.

Evaluarea calitii apelor de suprafa const nmonitorizarea parametrilor biologici hidromorfologici,

fizico-chimici, a poluanilor prioritari sau a altor poluani

evacuai n cantiti importante.

Natural protected areas, according to G.P.O.no. 57/2007, represents terrestrial, aquatic and/or

underground areas, with legally settled perimeter and

with a special protection and preservation regime, where

wild plants and animal species, bio-geographic elements

and formations or of other nature, with special ecological,

scientific or cultural value exist and include:

reservations of biosphere - protected natural areaswhose purpose is the protection and preservation of a

natural habitat areas and of specific biologic diversity;

national parks - natural protected areas whosepurpose is the protection and preservation of

representative samples for the national bio-geographic

space;

natural parks - natural protected areas whosepurpose is the protection and preservation of

landscape piles in which human activities

interactions in time created a distinct area, with

landscape and/or cultural significant value, often

with a great biological diversity;

scientific reservations - natural protected areaswhose purpose is the protection and preservation of

terrestrial and/or aquatic natural habitats, including

representative elements of scientific interest;

natural reservations - natural protected areaswhose purpose is the protection and preservation of

important natural habitats and species from flora,

fauna, forestry, hydrological, geological, speological,

paleontological, pedological point of view;

natural monuments - natural protected areaswhose purpose is the protection and preservation of

natural elements and of ecological, scientific,

landscape special significance;

wetlands of international importance are thoseprotected natural areas whose purpose is to ensure

the protection and preservation of the natural sites

with a wetland-specific biological diversity;

special avifaunistic protection areas are thoseprotected natural areas whose purpose is the

preservation, maintenance and where necessary

the conservative rehabilitation of the bird species

and specific habitats designated for wild migratory

bird species protection;

sites of community interest reprezent areaslocated in biogeographical regions, contributing

significantly to the maintenance or restoration to a

favourable preservation state of the natural habitats.

The evaluation of the superficial watersquality is carried out by monitoring the biologicalhidro - morfological parameters, physico - chemical,

the prioritary pollution agents or other pollution

agents evacuated in important quantities.

9Potrivit Legii nr. 310/2004, anexa 11, se disting

5 clase de calitate, definite astfel:

clasa de calitate I - stare foarte bun - nu existalterri (sau sunt foarte mici) ale valorilor

elementelor fizico-chimice i hidromorfologice de

calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa

fa de cele asociate n mod normal cu acel tip n

condiii nemodificate;

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