ancuta

TENSE OVERVIEWA. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Prezentul simplu se foloseste pentru a vorbi despre actiuni prezente, obisnuite, repetate – actiuni zilnice – S +VI

- la persoana a-III-a singular (he, she, it) se adaugă terminaţia –s sau –es .I drink a cup of milk every morning.

She drink s a cup of tea every morning.- terminaţia –es se adaugă la sfârşitul verbelor terminate in: -o, -ch, -th, -sh, -ss, -z.

She go es to school from Monday to Friday.- Forma interogativa: DO/DOES(III.sing) + V

Do you play tennis?Does she play the guitar?

- Forma negativa: S+ DO/DOES + NOT + Vdo + not = don’t does + not = doesn’t

No, I don’t play tennis.She doesn’t play the guitar.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSEPrezentul continuu se foloseşte pentru a vorbi despre acţiuni prezente care sunt in desfăşurare in momentul

vorbirii. Nu mai vorbim despre acţiunile obişnuite, repetate exprimate de prezentul simplu.S + TO BE(PREZENT) + V-ing.

- TO BE: am, are, isShe is read ing a book now.

- Forma interogativa: TO BE + S + V-ingIs he play ing tennis?

- Forma negativa: S + TO BE + NOT + V-ingis not = isn’t are not = aren’t

No, he isn’t play ing tennis.Se foloseşte, de obicei, cu expresii ca „now, at this moment, as we speak, ...”.

She is reading a book now. Ea citeşte o carte acum.

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B. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSEFolosim trecutul simplu pentru a vorbi despre acţiuni începute şi terminate în trecut.

Yesterday I met my friend Jack.Pentru a exprima o acţiune repetată în trecut.

Grandma drank three cups of coffee a day.După verbele sau construcţiile wish, as if/as though, if only, would rather, it’s (high) time.

I wish I were on holiday now.Forma afirmativă: S + VII

I danced at the party yesterday.Forma interogativă: Did + S + VI ?

Did Mary tell her father about the party last week?Forma negativă: S + did not + VI.

Mother did not buy those trousers last month.

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Acţiuni care erau în desfăşurare la un moment dat din trecut.

I was taking a shower when you came in. Acţiuni paralele în trecut

Sue was peeling potatoes while Andy was cooking the fish. Acţiuni progresive – care sunt în desfăşurare – de-a lungul unei perioade de timp specificate din trecut.

She was shopping between 3 o’clock anf four.Forma afirmativă: S + was/were + V-ing.

I was dancing when he came in.Forma interogativă: Was/Were + S + V-ing ?

Was Mary doing her homework when you arrived?Forma negativă: S + was/were not + V-ing.

Mother was not playing cards.

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C. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Prezentul prefect simplu arată acţiunea începută în trecut şi care fie mai continuă în prezent, fie influenţează momentul prezent. Accentul este pus pe rezultat.

Formele Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ I / you / we / they I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken?he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken?

Excepţii la adăugarea terminaţiei ‘ed’Exceptions in spelling when adding ed ExampleDupă e final se adaugă doar i love – lovedConsoana finală, după vocală accentuată, scurtă, precum şi l final se dublează

admit – admittedtravel – travelled

y final după consoană devine i hurry – hurried

Folosirea

Pune accent pe rezultat:

Exemplu: She has written five letters.

Acţiune care încă se desfăşoară:

Exemplu: School has not started yet.

Acţiune încheiată recent:

Exemplu: She has cooked dinner.

Acţiune încheiată ce influenţează momentul prezent:

Exemplu: I have lost my key.

Acţiune ce nu a mai avut loc înainte de momentul vorbirii sau care s-a întâmplat o dată sau de mai multe ori:

Exemplu: I have never been to Australia.

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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Arată o acţiune începută în trecut şi care fie s-a terminat recent, fie mai continuă. Pune accent pe durata acţiunii.

Formele Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ I / you / we / they I have been speaking. I have not been speaking. Have I been speaking?he / she / it He has been speaking. He has not been speaking. Has he been speaking?

Excepţii de ortografiereExcepţii la adăugarea terminaţiei -ing Exemplue-ul final dispare(dar: ee nu este schimbat)

come – coming(dar: agree – agreeing)

După o vocală scurtă, accentuată, se dublează consoana finală sit – sittingConsoana finală l este dublată după o vocală (în British English) travel – travelling

ie final devine y lie – lying

Folosirea Prezentului Perfect Continuu

Pune accent pe durata nu pe rezultatul acţiunii:

Exemplu: She has been writing for two hours.

Acţiune recent încheiată sau care încă mai durează:

Exemplu: I have been living here since 2001.

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D. PAST PERFECT

[had + past participle]

Exemple:

You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York?

You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

Acţiuni începute şi terminate înaintea altor acţiuni trecute

Trecutul perfect arată că o acţiune trecută a avut loc înaintea altei acţiuni trecute. De asemenea poate arăta că un anumit lucru a avut loc înaintea unui moment dat din trecut.

Exemple:

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.

Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

She only understood the movie because she had read the book.

Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.

We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.

A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

[had been + present participle]

Exemple:

You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?

You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.5

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

Folosim trecutul perfect continuu pentru a arăta că un lucru a început în trecut şi continuat până la un moment dat din trecut. Putem folosi expresiile "For five minutes" and "for two weeks".

Exemple:

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?

Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.

James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.

A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

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E. FUTURE TENSES1.a FUTURE SIMPLE

(will and be going to)Viitorul simplu are 2 forme în limba engleză: “will” şi „be going to”. Cu toate că aceste două forme se pot substitui una pe alta ele au utilizări diferite.

Formă “Will”

(+) S + will + V1 (?) Will + S + V1? (-) S + will not + V1 You will help him later. Will you help him later? You will not help him later.

Formă “Be Going To”

(+) S + am/is/are + going to + V1 (?) am/are/is + S + going to + V1 (-) S + am/are/is/ + not + going to + V1 You are going to meet Jane tonight. Are you going to meet Jane tonight? You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

WILL – se foloseşte pentrua vorbi despre:

ceea ce vorbitorul face în mod voluntar acţiuni stabilite din viitor promisiuni I will send you the information when I get it. I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it. I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. Don't worry, I'll be careful. I won't tell anyone your secret.

BE GOING TO - se foloseşte pentru a vorbi despre planuri şi intenţia vorbitorului de a face un lucru. He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.

1.b FUTURE CONTINUOUSFormă:

(+) S + will be + V-ing (?) Will + S + be + V-ing (-) S + will + not + be + V-ing You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

1. Acţiune în desfăşurare la un moment dat din viitor

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We will be writing at this time tomorrow.

2. Acţiune întreruptă din viitor - o acţiune de durată din viitor va fi întreruptă de una mai scurtă. I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight. I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.

3. Acţiuni paralele din viitor Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

4. Atmosferă din viitor When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are

going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

2. FUTURE PERFECTFormă:

(+) S + will have + V3 (?) Will + S + have + V3? (-) S + will + not + have + V3 You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

Acţiune viitoare terminată înaintea unei alte acţiuni viitoare:

By next November, I will have received my promotion. By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.

IMPORTANT! - NU SE FOLOSEŞTE VIITOR ÎN PROPOZIŢIA SUBORDONATĂ TEMPORALĂ.

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PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUSPRESENT SIMPLE

1. Write the HE/SHE/IT formscatch read come run

cook smoke drink stand

fetch start fix touch

live watch miss wish

rush write buy carry

copy enjoy fry marry

play study try

2. Write the verb in the right form

1. Children ................................ (ask) a lot of questions.2. She .................................. (go) to college on her bike.3. A lot of birds .............................. (fly) south in the winter.4. She ..................................... (study) very hard at the weekends.5. My father .............................. (watch) television most evenings.6. He ................................... (understand) Arabic.7. He ........................................ (fight) with his brother.8. Big dogs............................ (like) a lot of exercise.9. He’s very naughty – he ............................ (push) other children.10. Lessons ................................. (start) at 8.35 every morning.

3. Choose one verb to make each sentence negativee.g. It doesn’t snow very often in San Francisco (snow, sing, play)

1. I like football, but I ............................................ cricket at all. (think, like, remember)2. She lives in Japan, but she ...................................... a word of Japanese (sing, work, speak)3. I’m sorry – I ................................. your name. (eat, remember, work)4. He works in New York, but I .................................... what he does. (know, use, come)5. Mary’s really tired, but she ...................................... to go to bed. (help, want, walk)6. We .......................................... a big flat – just one bedroom. (work, play, want)7. Phil ..................................... very hard, but he makes a lot of money. (work, stand, stop)8. Ann’s parents ................................... I’m the right man for their daughter. (write, read, think)

4. a) Make questions1. How / you pronounce / this word?2. How / you spell / that?3. What / this word / mean?4. How much / they cost?5. Where / you live?6. What / you do?7. How / you do?8. What time / the plane / leave?9. What time/ the class / start?

10. What time / the train / arrive?b) Make questions.

1. She / live / with her parents?2. You / like / your new job?3. I /speak / good Italian?4. They /work / hard / at university?5. We /usually give/ her a birthday

present?6. Your sister / help / you / very much?7. Alan /smoke?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS1. Write the –ING FORM of these verbs.

Break clean wash live

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Come die enjoy go

Make play sing jump

Write start get feel

Begin put hit rain

Rob shop dream sleep

Shout sit stand talk

Turn open visit forget

2. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the present continuous tense

1. John and I ...................................... (stay) in a beautiful hotel.2. Kevin .......................................... (work) at home today. 3. I ...................................... (wait) for a very important letter.4. You ...................................... (walk) too fast.5. We ........................................... (plan) our next holiday.6. The girls ............................................ (visit) their grandmother today.7. She ....................................... (read) in her bedroom at the moment.8. The baby ...................................... (learn) how to walk.

3. Rewrite the sentences in the negative. Use the present continuous1. They .......................................... (buy) a new car.2. He ............................................... (learn) to read.3. I .................................................. ( look) for your keys.4. We ............................................... (sell) the house.5. They ........................................ (drink) tea.6. You ....................................... (work) very hard.7. Jack and Jill ....................................... (run) downhill.8. I ....................................... (go) home now.

4. A) Write the questions. Use the present continuous1. What /Jessica / do?2. Why / John and Patrick / laugh?3. What book / you / read?4. What / we / watch?5. Where / they / stay?6. Why / we / sit in the dark?7. Where / they / wait?8. What / you / sell?

b) Make questions. Write the short answer 1. It / rain?2. You / learn / French / at school?3. I /speak / clearly?4. Angela and Fred / dance / together?5. The plane / land/ now?6. The Smiths / plan / a party?7. The children / study / in their bedroon?8. Chris / wave/ at us?

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PRESENT SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS1. MAKE QUESTIONS FOR THE ANSWERS PROVIDED:

1. The President and his wife live in Madrid.2. Peter and Ann’s children play football on Saturdays.3. The film about skiing in New Zealand starts at 8.00.4. The second word in the first sentence means ‘kind’.5. The man in the flat downstairs wants to change his job. 6. A ticket for Saturday’s concert costs € 15.

2. WORD ORDER:a) Rewrite these sentences including the word in brackets

1. My brother speaks to me (never)2. Susan is polite. (always)3. Do you finish work at 5 o’clock? (usually)4. I go to bed before midnight. (rarely)5. The bus isn’t late. (usually)6. I don’t eat fish. (often)7. What do you have for breakfast? (usually)8. Is Tina here? (already)9. They stay in the same hotel. (always)10. Does Janet work in the same place? (still)

b) Write the following sentences in the correct order1. (to work / every day/ walks / Liz)2. (goes / every year / to Italy / Julia)3. (Ann / very well / French / doesn’t speak)4. (every day/ do / the same thing / we) 5. ( football / don’t like / very much / I)6. (watch/ when / you / TV/ do)?7. ( hungry/I / the /in / am / morning / always)8. ( Dave / in / Jane / that / never / restaurant / and / eat)9. ( weekend / tennis / do / play / the / you / at / ever)?10. (sometimes / park / Sunday / the / we / on / to / go)11. (usually / the / Claire / bus / gets / to / school)

3. Make QUESTIONS for the following answers1. Mark and George are engineers.2. Pam starts school at nine o’ clock.3. Bob is writing a letter.4. John hates football.5. Yes, I do. ( You like hip hop)6. No, she isn’t (Reggie is listening to the teacher)7. It is half-past seven.8. No, I haven’t (got any brothers or sisters)9. Yes, she does. (Paula walk to school every morning)10. Our children visit their grandparents twice a week.

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PAST TENSEI. Write the following sentences in the Past Tense. Example: The dog (chase) the cat.

The dog chased the cat.

1. The dog (chase) the cat.2. The cat (climb) the tree quickly.3. The dog (start) to bark.4. I (want) to chase the dog away.5. The dog’s owner (arrive) and (walk) away with it.6. The cat (look) happy.

II. Write the sentences in the negative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday.

Jane didn’t clean her room yesterday.

1. Father watched TV last night. 2. The teacher talked about “Robinson Crusoe” last week.3. I wanted to read the book.4. The reporter asked the film star a lot of questions.5. I walked to my friend’s house two days ago.

III. Write the sentences in ex. III in the interrogative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday.

Did Jane clean her room yesterday?IV. Put the verbs in the simple past and translate the texts.

a) When I (come) home, I (find) that the family had finished dinner. I (sit) down and (eat) mine, which (be) still on the table. I had only just begun when the door-bell (ring). It (be) a friend of mine. I (tell) him to wait until I (finish) eating. My mother (ask) him whether he (like) a cup of coffee. He (say) he would rather read until I (be) ready.

b) One day while I (sit) in a café, a man (come) over to my table and (ask) if he may sit down for a few minutes. After we (speak) for some time, we (find) out that we once had met in Europe. He said, "I (arrive) here two weeks ago and I (not make) up my mind whether or not to stay here." " If I (be) you," I said, "I would learn the language as quickly as I (can) and then make a tour of the country. It would be easier then to make up your mind."

V. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple.0 I (finish) finished my book last week.1 A plane (fly) ________________ over our house.2 Peter (have) ________________ a sandwich for lunch.3 The bus (arrive) ________________ two hours late.4 My sister (make) ________________ a big cake for my birthday.5 John always (wear) ________________ a uniform to school.6 Kevin (run) ________________ to school, yesterday.7 It (begin) ________________ to rain.8 We (play) ________________ football for hours.9 My family (go) ________________ to Portugal for a holiday.10 We (jump) ________________ into the swimming pool.

VI. Write statements, negative sentences or questions with used to.0 you/have/brown hair (question) Did you use to have brown hair?1 people/use/the computer (negative) ___________________________________2 he/go/running (statement) ___________________________________________3 they/like/painting (question) _________________________________________4 your brother/come/by bus (statement) __________________________________

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5 we/drink/coffee (negative) __________________________________________6 my mother/speak/Spanish (negative) __________________________________7 he/live/in Paris (statement) __________________________________________8 Julie/play/football (question) ________________________________________9 houses/have/bathrooms indoors (negative) ______________________________10 all children/go/to school (question) ____________________________________

VII. Choose the best reply (A-I) for the questions (0-8).0 Do you know where the theatre is? E 1 What does you boyfriend look like?2 What’s New York like?3 Could you tell me the time, please?4 Can I help you?5 Do you mind if I sit here?6 Would you like some cake.7 Let’s go for some tea.8 Where’s the bus station?

A That’s a good idea.B It’s interesting, but very noisy.C It’s near the theatre.D It’s nearly four o’clock.E Yes. It’s next to the post office.F No thanks, I can do it.G Yes, please.H He’s tall, dark and handsome.I No, not at all.

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IX. Translate into English.1. Am cunoscut-o pe verişoara ta în 1988.2. Când Pater era tânăr, alerga timp de o jumătate de oră în fiecare dimineaţă.3. Când l-ai văzut ultima dată?4. Am înţeles atunci cât de mult îşi iubea fratele.5. Era timpul ca ei să cunoască adevărul.6. Aş fi de părere să te duci acolo cât mai curând posibil.7. Mary recită poezii ca şi când ar fi o mare artistă.8. Ce oraş ai vizitat anul trecut?9. De-aş şti adresa lui acum.10. Aş dori să înţelegeţi situaţia aceasta.

PRACTICE ISIMPLE & CONTINUOUS PAST

I. Put the verbs in parentheses into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous and translate (Scrie verbul din paranteze la trecut simplu sau continuu şi tradu):1. The ship (approach) _______________ Cape Town when the tornado (begin) _______________ .2. The bomb (go) _______________ off when the president (give) _______________ a speech.3. He (not hear) ________________ the bell because the radio (play) _______________ .4. When I (get) ________________ home everybody (dance) _______________ .5. The plane (catch) _______________ fire when it (take) ________________ of.6. Tim (crash) _______________ into a street light because he (drive) _______________ too fast.

II. Turn the following into the interrogative and negative (Transformă următoarele propoziţii în propoziţii interogative şi negative):1. The children were laughing. 2. The man was waiting. 3. I was translating the text. 4. You were looking at the picture. 5. The girl was coming home. 6. I was learning a poem. 7. The boys were drawing red cars. 8. Mother was making the bed. 9. You were leaving the office. 10. We were buying fresh fruit.

III. Translate into English (Tradu în limba engleză):1. Când am plecat de la poliţie John şi soţia lui încă mai vorbeau cu un poliţist.2. Ce se întâmpla în casa ta când am trecut pe la tine ieri seară? Am sunat la uşă dar nu mi-a

răspuns nimeni, deşi se auzea muzică înăuntru.3. I-am pus această întrebare de câteva ori, dar el nu m-a auzit fiindcă citea ziarul.4. Eu încă dormeam când a venit stewardesa să ne spunem că trecem peste Himalaya.5. Nu ne-am dus la teatru ieri deoarece nişte prieteni de-ai noştri veneau pe la ora şapte.

IV. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous (Schimbă timpul verbelor din paranteze în trecut simplu sau continuu):0 For dinner, my sister (eat) ate pizza, but I (have) had soup.1 My brother (drink) ________________ coffee while he (do) ________________ his homework.2 He (walk) ________________ into the classroom, then he (sit) ________________ down.3 While I (study) ________________ , Sue (run) ________________ into the library.4 When the class (finish) ________________ , the teacher (drive) ________________ home.5 Harry (sing) _______________ a song when Jane (come) _______________ in.6 Nothing happened when I (turn on) ________________ the DVD player.7 It (start) ________________ to rain while I (walk) ________________ to the park.8 Yuki (listen) ________________ to the radio when the phone (ring) ________________ .9 The children (go) ________________ the cinema last night.10 Mr. Jones (find) ________________ some money when he (clean) ________________ the

cupboards.V. Read the paragraph. Choose the best tense for each space. Translate. (Citeşte paragraful.

Alege cel mai bun timp pentru fiecare spaţiu. Tradu):My grandfather (0) C to the same school as me. He (1) ______ to our school last week to talk to the class about what it (2) ______ like in the old days. He (3) ______ he (4)______ the names of all his teachers. One of them still teaches at the school.He (5) ______ art and music, but now he only teaches music. As he (6) ______ , he

(7) ______ us pictures of his school friends. He (8) ______ us that the boys(9) ______ only football, but now we play basketball as well. He thinks things(10) ______ better in the old days.

0 A goes B was going C used to go1 A comes B came C was coming2 A was being B is C was3 A said B says C was saying4 A remembered B remembers C was remembering5 A is teaching B used to teach C teaches6 A talks B is talking C was talking7 A is showing B showed C was showing8 A told B is telling C tells9 A play B were playing C used to play10 A are B were C used to

FOLLOW UPPRESENT TENSES & SIMPLE PAST

I. Completaţi cu forma cea mai potrivită a verbului din paranteze, folosind prezentul continuu sau prezentul simplu:

Jack is a teacher. He teaches (teach) at a University. He isn’t teaching (not teach) at the moment, he is on holiday. He is reading (read) a newspaper on the beach.

Emma and Ben are brother and sister. Emma ………. (love) Ben and Ben ………. (love) Emma. They usually ………. (play) together, but today Emma ………. (help) her mother to make a cake. It’s Ben’s birthday and he ……….. (have) a party. His father ………. (prepare) the decorations and the games because Ben ……….. (like) to have fun and games at his parties. Ben usually ………. (invite) ten friends, but only nine ………. (come) today. Henry ………. (not come), he ……….. (not feel) well, he has a cold. He often ………. (catch) a cold in winter.

II. Tradu în limba engleză folosind prezentul simplu sau continuu după caz:1. Mă întreb de ce nici băieţelul nici fetiţa nu dorm la această oră. De obicei ei deja dorm la această

oră.2. Copacii înfloresc aşa că grădinile au un miros plăcut.3. Mereu îmi dă telefon şi îmi pune întrebări stupide.4. Mă bucur că îţi place cadoul meu.5. Copii par foarte obosiţi în această dimineaţă.6. Tata se scoală foarte devreme, dar se bărbiereşte, se spală şi îşi ia micul dejun aşa de încet încât

nu auzim nimic.III. Transformă propoziţiile din propoziţii la present simplu în propoziţii la trecut simplu şi

tradu:1. You are tired.2. The baby likes milk.3. My sister understands him.4. We eat breakfast at seven o’clock.5. I have a headache.6. The show begins at 8 o’clock.7. They feel fine.8. I read a paper in the morning.9. They want another book.10. Billy goes to school.

IV. Completează fiecare spaţiu liber cu verbul potrivit la trecut simplu. Sunt mai multe verbe decât spaţii libere iar unele pot fi folosite de mai multe ori. Tradu în limba română:

Walk, be, sit, fly, live, croak, think, listen, hop, get, do, refer, speak, sing, sigh, take, put, swallow, know, respect, turn, swim, ride, hate, say.Once upon a time a big, fat frog ___________ 1. in a tiny shallow pond. He ___________ 2. every

plant and stone in it. As the biggest creature in the pond he ___________ 3. very important and all the other animals __________ 4. him. When he __________ 5., the water-snails __________ 6. politely. And the water-beetles always __________ 7. behind him. He __________ 8. very happy there.

One day a pretty dragon-fly __________ 9. to him, “You’re a fine frog. Come to my pond. It’s much larger. Life in a large pond is wonderful.”

“Perhaps he’s right,” __________ 10. the foolish frog. So he __________ 11. But the big deep pond __________ 12. out to be hostile and unpleasant. The water-snails __________ 13. rude to him, and he __________ 14. afraid of the ducks. As the smallest frog there, he ____________ 15. lonely and unhappy. He __________ 16. on a water-lily leaf and __________ 17. sadly to himself, “I don’t like it here. I want to go home.” “There’s no place like home”, he __________ 18. But a hungry stork __________ 19. down and __________ 20. him up for lunch.

FOLLOW UP~ focus on present tenses ~

I. Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the present continuous.

Dear Aunt Jean,

I ....................(just write )to tell you how much I enjoy the money you sent me, and to tell you how I........................( get on )in my first term at university. Actually, I............................... (really enjoy) myself! I.......................... (study) quite hard as well, but at the moment I.................................(spend) a lot of time just making friends. I...................... (still stay) with my friend Sue, and I.......................( look for) somewhere of my own to live. Only a few of the first-year students.................. (live) in college here, and I............................(seem) to be spending a lot of time travelling backwards and forwards. I....................... (go) to lectures every morning, and most afternoons I....................(study) in the library. In fact I ...............(write) this letter instead of an essay on Hamlet! I........................ (think) I´ll buy some new clothes with the money you sent. Everything ......................(cost) a lot here, and I.......................(save) to buy a winter coat. It...........................(get) really cold here in the evenings. I now........................(know) some other students and generally speaking we......................(have) quite a good time socially! I................(also learn) to drive. See you soon.Katherine.

II. Verbs forms and use: Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms of present simple or continuous.1. Where........................these days? In a garage (she / work)2. ..................................here in summer? Not very often. (it / rain )3. ‘Bonjour’. Sorry, I........................................ French. ( not / speak )4. Your English.........................................better. Oh, thank you (get)5. ...........................................................golf? Yes, but not very well (you/play)6. Who.........................................to ? My boyfriend (you / write)7. Where´s Susan?................................ now (she / come )8. Well, goodnight....................................to bed. (I / go)9. Water.................................................... at 100ºC. ( boil)10. ‘..............................................................?’ not yet (that water / boil)

III.. .Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.

perform repair (2x) care serve help sell treat build deliver fly playdesign (2x) teach fight cure administrate

a- An architect …………………………………………………houses. b- Builders …………………………………………………………and repair houses.

c- A car mechanic ………………………………………………cars.

d- Dentists …………………………………………………………people´s teeth. e- A teacher ………………………………………………………lessons to his/her students. f- Factory workers ……………………………………………manual or industrial labor. g- An engineer ……………………………………………………or services machines.

h- A DJ ………………………………………………………………music at parties or discos.

i- Firefighters ………………………………………………………fires.

j- A lawyer ……………………………………………………………people with legal problems.

k- A nurse ………………………………………………………………for the sick or disabled.

l- Sales assistants …………………………………………………things in a shop.

m- Doctors…………………………………………………………………sick people.

n- A pilot …………………………………………………………………planes.

o- A postman ……………………………………………………………letters and packages.

p- Executives ………………………………………………………………a project, activity or business.

q- Waiters …………………………………………………………………food in restaurants.

r- A web designer ………………………………………………………web pages.

IV. Complete the conversations. Use the Present Continuous of the verbs in brackets.

a- A: ………………………………………………… (Donna/speak) Italian to that man?B: Yes, she……………… She ………………………………………………… (learn) it at night school.

b- A: ………………………………………………… (you/enjoy) the party?B: Yes, we……………… We ………………………………………………… (have) a great time.

c- A: ………………………………………………… (you/do) here?B: I ………………………………………………… (wait) for some friends.

d- A: ………………………………………………… (Holly/use) her computer?B: No, she……………… She ………………………………………………… (not do) any work today.

e- A: ………………………………………………… (they/watch) the news at the moment?B: No, they………………… They ………………………………………………… (prepare) dinner.

V. Look at the pictures. Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets in the Simple Present or Present Continuous.

a- It´s 09:00 p.m. Jennifer Robbins ………………………………… (sit) athome.

b- She usually ……………………………(report) the news on television, butnow she ……………………… (watch) it.

c- At work she ………………………………………… (wear) a suit.

d- Now she ………………………………………… (wear) jeans and a T-shirt. e- She ………………………………………… (drink) a cup of tea.f- At work she ………………………………………… (drink) bottled water.g- Jennifer is a newscaster. She ………………………………………… (think) the news is

very important.h- She ………………………………………… (love) her job, but at the moment she

……………………………… (enjoy) her day off.

~ focus on simple past ~A – FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE PAST SIMPLE OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:

When I ___________ (be) in Japan I ___________ (find) everything very different. Two years ago my parents _________ (buy) a new car. Last summer Peter ________ (spend) his holidays in a summer camp with his friends.

They _________ (go) swimming, they _________ (play) football and golf they _______ (visit) many interesting places.

My sister ________ (get) a good job in a bank. Susan and her cousins ___________ (come) to Portugal ten years ago.

B – COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE PAST SIMPLE (AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE / INTERROGATIVE) OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:

My sister and her husband _________ (come) from Greece. I __________ (not like) the U2 concert. My cousin __________ (phone) from France yesterday evening. On Monday Johann ___________ (go) to school on foot. (they / leave) ___________ the country last Saturday? (you / like) _____________ the film? They _________ (not finish) the homework yesterday. (she / go) _____________ to the cinema with her parents last night?

No, she didn’t. She ___________ (stay) at home. She __________ (get) a cold. We _________ (go) to Spain by car. I _____________ (have) a wonderful holiday with my family last July. (you / travel) _________ to Madrid by car or by plane? Many years ago it __________ (be) very difficult to live without electricity. Last year they _______ (buy) a house at the seaside. I __________ (meet) him the day before yesterday.

C – CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES: Mrs. Harris __________ the last train.

a) Take b) took c) did take There ________ many people here last night.

a) Was b)were c) wasn’t He _________ at home with me yesterday evening.

a) Were b) was c) be She ___________with her family on holidays.

a) Go b) did go c) went He ___________ some books and CDs.

a) Brought b) bought c) did buy They __________ their passports at home.

a) Leave b) did leave c) left She ________some interesting photos.

a) Take b)taken c) took It __________ a good present.

a) Were b) was c) is ___________ (she /arrive) home at 5:30?

a) Did she arrived b) did she arrive c) arrived

D. FILL IN THE MISSING VERBS IN THE TEXT TO FIND OUT A FASCINATING STORY ABOUT YOUR LIFE. YOU SHOULD CHANGE THE VERBS INTO THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN ORDER TO MAKE SENSe

agree - smile - ask - stand - fall - shook - lose - be - begin - pour

A philosophy professor 1) ………………... before his class and had some items in front of him. First he 2) …………..…. filling a large glass jar with golf balls. The students 3) ………….…. that the jar 4) ……..………..… full. So the professor 5) ….……….……... and picked up a box of small pebbles and poured them into the jar. The pebbles, of course, 6) ……………….….. into the small spaces. Then the professor 7) ………….... a box of sand into the jar, 8) ………….…. it, and the sand completely filled the jar.

Then he explained. “The jar represents your life,’ said the professor. ‘The balls are the important things – your family, your religion, your health; if you 9) ……………………. everything else, your life would still be full. The pebbles are the smaller things that matter – your job, your house, your car. The sand represents the trivial things. If you put the sand into the jar first, there is no room for the pebbles or the balls, just like life. Take care of the rocks first- the things that really matter. The rest is just sand.’

One student 10) …………..…. what wine represented. The professor smiled and said:’ Look, what happens!’ then he poured the entire contents of the glasses of wine into the jar and the tea was easily absorbed. ‘Now it’s full’, he said. ‘You know what,’ the professor continued, ‘the moral of the story is simple.

No matter how full your life is, there is always room for a glass of wine with a friend.’

~ focus on past tenses ~

A- Write “When” or “While”!1.I was reading a book ........................................ suddenly I heard a noise.2. ................................. Rose was cooking dinner, her husband went to work.3. ................................ Sandra and Kathy were talking in the living-room, the doorbell rang.4. Ben was playing in a basketball team ................................. he was a kid.5. Sharon came home ................................... her brother was playing video games.6. ................................... Angela got home, she was making some coffee.7. They were sleeping ........................................... the burglars broke in.8. We were having a lesson ........................................ we heard a terrrible noise.9. ...................................... I was cycling, the rain started.10. He broke his arm ....................................... he was playing basketball.

B- Write the correct form of the verbs!1-She met him while she ___________________(travel) on a train.2-While the woman was getting off the bus, she_______________(fall down).3-The thief ___________________(break) into while we were sleeping.4-John took a photo while I ____________________(not/look).5-While my mum was working in the garden , she _______________(hurt) her back.6-We were living in Madrid when our old aunt________________(die).7-When I got up this morning, it _________________(rain) heavily.8- While my dad was brushing teeth, my mum _______________ (fall asleep).9- I had a nightmare while I ___________________(sleep) last night.10- What happened in your dream while a monster ___________________(chase) you?

C- Write the correct form of the verbs!1- I _______________(study) History when my friends__________________ (come)

around.2- While Susan_______________(walk) in the street, she ____________(meet) an

old friend.3- Her baby_________________ (wake) up while she __________________(clean)

the house.4- He __________________ (work) when her wife

_______________________(phone) him.5- The students ______________(have) a test when the storm ____________(start).6- We ______________(see) a falling star while we ________________(go) fishing in

the lake.7- Susan______________(fall) down while she ___________________(climb) the

ladder.8- I ___________________(walk) along the road when I_____________(see) you with

her.9- Tom _______________(burn)his hand while he _________________(cook)the

dinner.

10- Dady _______________(fall) asleep while he __________________(read) a book.

D - Present Simple or Present Continuous OR Past Simple or Past Continuous1. Water ______________ (not/boil) at 0 degrees- it ____________ (boil) at 100.2. When Chuck Norris _______________ (run) after a bad guy, he always ______________ (catch) him.3. While Chuck ____________________ (eat) dinner, he ________________ (load) his gun.4. Every day Chuck _______________ (get up) at 7 o’clock- he ____________ (not/get up) at noon. He has missions to accomplish.5. Why _______ you __________ (call) me 20 times yesterday? _________ you ___________ (realize) that my phone __________________ (not/work)?6. I can’t stand Justin. He always ________________ (throw) things in class.7. Right now our English teacher _________________(talk) to us about the past continuous and the whole class ________________(sleep)- they _______________ (not/listen) to her.8. Look! Chuck Norris is outside and he ____________ (walk) by our school!9. In 1850 nobody ______________ (play) Minecraft. There ____________ (not/be) any computer games then and worst of all- there ___________ (not/be) any TV!10. After school I usually ____________ (watch) TV to relax and then I ___________ (do) my homework.11. This week my handball team __________________ (practice) three times instead of two. We _________________ (play) against the Halandri team on Saturday.12. Chuck Norris ____________ (drive) his Lotus very fast when a giant monster ____________ (appear) in front of him. He __________ (stop) in time.13. Sorry, Mrs. Crabtree, I _____________ (not/find) my English homework. I think I ____________(leave) it at my friend’s house last night.14. Chuck Norris ___________(not/believe) in ghosts. He ___________ (think) they _________ (not/exist).15. My parents ________ (not/let) me go to the Lady Gaga concert last month. They ___________(think) that the tickets ___________ (cost) too much money.16. Radio announcer says: Pele ___________ (pass) the ball to Ronaldo and he _________ (kick the ball to Messi who ____________ (make) a goal. 17. As Chuck Norris _____________ (draw) his gun out of the holster, the robber _________(panic) and __________(run) away. 18. Everyone __________ be) scared of Chuck Norris. You can say that again.19. Chuck Norris ___________ (hate) robbers and killers. He ___________ (not/need) even a gun to frighten them away.20. Yesterday Chuck Norris _________ (become) the winner of the strongest man in the world.

PRESENT SIMPLE vs. PRESENT

CONTINUOUS~ multiple choice quiz ~

1 John __________ at this moment.

arrive

arrives are arriving is arriving2 John always __________ on time for meetings.

arrivearrivesare arrivingis arriving

3 Barbara usually __________ dinner for her husband after work.cookcooksare cookingis cooking

4This week Barbara is away on business so Tom __________ dinner for himself.

cookcooksare cookingis cooking

5 Mr. and Mrs. Parsons __________ to work together every day.drivedrivesare drivingis driving

6Today Mr. and Mrs. Parsons __________ to work separately because Mr. Parsons has to go to a meeting at another branch.

drivedrivesare drivingis driving

7 My parents normally __________ breakfast at 7:00 a.m.eateatsare eatingis eating

8At the moment my parents are on vacation, so they __________ breakfast much later.

eateatsare eatingis eating

9 My husband and his colleague__________ golf right now.playplaysare playingis playing

10My husband and his colleague __________ golf whenever they are not too busy.

playplaysare playingis playing

11. I ________ you're crazy!A. ? thinkB. ? am thinking

12. You won't find Jerry at home right now. He ________ in the library.a. ? studiesb. ? is studying

13. I ________ lunch in the cafeteria every day.a. ? haveb. ? am having

14. Don't give Jan any cheese. She ________ it!a. ? hatesb. ? is hating

15. Once a week, I ________ to an art class at the college.a. ? gob. ? am going

16. Marie-Claude isn't a Canadian. I ________ she comes from France.a. ? believeb. ? am believing

17. It ________ quite hard — perhaps we shouldn't go out tonight.a. ? snowsb. ? is snowing

18. Salman is rich — he ________ a Mercedes.a. drivesb. ? is driving

19. I ________ to Toronto next Thursday. Do you want to come?a. ? gob. ? am going

20. Look! Junko ________ into the water.a. ? jumpsb. ? is jumping

21) A: What ................ ? B: He's an engineer.a. is your father doingb. is your father doc. does your father dod. does your father doing

22) Why ................... sunglasses? It's cloudy today.a. do you wearb. are you wearingc. do you wearingd. are you wear

23) A: How often .................... to the cinema? B: About once a month.a. do you gob. are you goingc. are you god. do you going

24) ............... a really good book at the moment.a. I readb. I'm readingc. I reading

25) He................... an iphone, an ipad and a computer. He's so lucky!a. is havingb. havec. has

26) Bill ................... really hard at the moment because his company has just received a big order from China.

a. worksb. is workingc. is work

27) It ............. a lot in La Spezia in winter.a. rainsb. rainc. is raining

28) A: Where's John? B: He's in the bathroom. He ............... a shower.a. hasb. is havingc. is makingd. is doing

29) A: What ........................ ? B: I'm looking for my glasses.a. are you doingb. do you doc. you are doing

30) A: ..................... the party? B: Yes, very much, thank you.a. Are you enjoyingb. Do you enjoyc. Are you enjoyd. Do you enjoying

PAST SIMPLE vs. PAST CONTINUOUS~ multiple choice quiz ~

1. We ............... (go) to the park when a strange man ................. (ask) us for money.a. went / asked

b. were going / was askingc. were going / askedd. went / was going2. My father ................. (read) a newspaper while his friends ................. (prepare) dinner.a. was reading / were preparingb. read / preparedc. was reading / preparedd. read / was preparing3. Peter ................. (get) up, ................. (eat) breakfast and .................. (go) to work.a. was getting / was eating / was goingb. got / was eating / wentc. got / ate / was goingd. got / ate / went4. When Jane ................. (wash) her hair, her neighbour ................. (come) in.a. was washing / was comingb. washed / was comingc. was washing / camed. washed / came5. Susan ................. (break) her leg while she ................. (ski).a. was breaking / was skiingb. broke / was skiingc. broke / skiedd. was breaking / was skiing6. I ................. (meet) my wife when I ................. (do) shopping in Auchan.a. met / didb. met / was doingc. was meeting / didd. was meeting / was doing7. My sister ................. (do) her homework and then she ................. (tidy) her room.a. did / tidiedb. was doing / tidiedc. did / was tidyingd. was doing / was tidying8. While the children ................. (sing) their teacher ................. (play) the piano.a. sang / playedb. sang / was playingc. were singing / was playingd. was singing / played9. When Tim ................. (tell) a story the other pupils ................. (whistle).a. told / were whistlingb. was telling / whistledc. told / whistledd. was telling / were whistling10. Harry ................. (play) computer games when he ................. (hear) a strange noise.

a. played / heardb. was playing / was hearingc. was playing / heard. was playing / heard11. They ................. (break) a pot while they ................. (water) the flowers.a. broke / were wateringb. broke / wateredc. was breaking / was wateringd. was breaking / watered12. The wind ................. (blow) when Peter ................. (see) an owl on a tree.a. blew / was seeingb. was blowing / was seeingc. was blowing / sawd. blew / saw13. David’s baby ................. (begin) to cry when it ................. (see) an old lady.a. was begining / was seeingb. began / sawc. began / was seeingd. was begining / saw14. My mother ................. (have) a shower when the lights ................. (go) out.a. was having / wentb. had / wentc. had / were goingd. was having / were going15. It ................. (start) to rain when we ................. (play) tennis.a. was starting / were playingb. was starting / playedc. was starting / plaiedd. started / were playing16. He ................. (sit) down, ................. (take) a pen and paper and ................... (write) a

letter.a. sat / took / wroteb. sat / took / was writingc. was sitting / took /was writingd. sat / was taking / was writing17. The students ................. (write) a test when Tim ................. (drop) his pen.a. wrote / was droppingb. were writing / was droppingc. were writing / droppedd. wrote / dropped18. Sam ................. (watch) TV while Bruce ................. (eat) a sandwich.a. was watching / was eatingb. watched / atec. was watching / ated. watched / was eating19. Martin and Eve ................. (take) photos when a strange object ................. (appear) in the

sky.a. took / appearedb. took / was appearingc. were taking / appearedd. were taking / was appearing

20. Kim ................. (visit) two museums, ................. (drink) a bottle of mineral water and ................. (drive) away.

a. visited / drank / was drivingb. visited / drank / drovec. was visiting / was drinking / was drivingd. was visiting / drank/ was driving

21. When I saw Dave, he __________.is workingworkedwas working22. You had a good time at the party, __________ you?hadn't didn't weren't23. __________ when the telephone rang?Were you sleepingDid you sleepWere sleeping24. Dave, when __________ the ESL Cafe on the Web?were you beginbegandid you begin25. You __________ me, did you?understoodweren't understandingdidn't understand26. When __________ yesterday morning?you got updid you get upwere you getting up27. While I __________ to work, I saw an accident. drove was drivingdid drive28. __________ well on this quiz?Did youWere youDid you do

THE NOUN1. Numarul substantivelorNumarul substantivelor reprezinta forma pe care o ia un substantiv pentru a arata ca ne referim la unul sau mai multe obiecte sau fiinte.Singularul este forma de baza a unui substantiv: dog, girl, wife, world, storm (furtuna)Pluralul regulat al substantivelor se formeaza prin adaugarea unui s la forma de singular: - Ex.: cat+s = cats (pisici), day+s = days (zile), world+s = worlds (lumi)Pluralul substantivelor teminate în: ch, o, sh, s, x; se formeaza adaugând es la singular: - Ex.: church+es = churches (biserici), bush+es = bushes (tufisuri), class+es = classes (clase), potato+es = potatoes (cartofi),box+es = boxes (cutii)Pluralul neregulat: Sunt unele substantive care formeaza forma de plural neregulata.

Substantive terminate în consoana+y formeaza pluralul cu ies: Ex.: company - companies (companii), factory - factories (fabrici), baby - babies (bebelusi)

Unele substantive terminate în o fac plural prin adaugarea unui s: Ex.: soprano - sopranos (soprane), piano - pianos (piane), photo - photos (fotografii)

Unele substantive terminate în f sau fe vor avea la plural schimbarea în ves: Ex.: leaf - leaves (frunze), half - halves (jumatati), wife - wives, life - lives (vieti), self - selves (insine), wolf - wolves (lupi)

Exceptii: roof - roofs (acoperisuri), handkerchief - handkerchiefs (batiste), gulf - gulfs (golfuri, prapastii), wharf - wharfs/ wharves (debarcadere)

Câteva substantive formeaza pluralul prin schimbarea unei vocale interne: Ex.: foot - feet (picioare [talpa]), man - men (barbati), tooth - teeth (dinti)

Pluralul substantivului child (copil) este children. (copii). Unele substantive ramân la fel si pentru plural:

Ex.: aircraft (avion, avioane), deer (caprioara, caprioare), series (serie, serii), sheep (oaie, oi), species (specie, specii), fish (peste, pesti)

Pluralul substantivelor compuseÎn cazul substantivelor compuse numai ultimul cuvânt va trece la plural. Ex.: boy-friends (iubiti), break-ins (spargeri), travel agents (agentii de turism)Exceptii: substantivele compuse al caror prim element este man sau woman vor forma pluralul pentru ambele substantive componente. Ex.: men drivers (soferi), women teachers (profesoare), men servants (servitori)În cazul substantivelor compuse formate din constructii de genul substantiv + prepozitie / adverb + substantiv, doar substantivul de baza va primi semnul pluralului. Ex.: sisters-in-law, passers-by, men-of-war, hangers-on, lookers-on, runners-upAbrevierile sau initialele vor forma pluralul prin adaugarea unui s: Ex.: MPs (Members of Parliament), VIPs (very important persons)2. Substantivele unice (uncountable nouns)Substantivele unice sunt cele care in engleza nu se numara (uncountable) deoarece reprezinta unicate sau obiecte puternic individualizate, ori notiuni abstracte.Nume de substante - bread (paine), coffee (cafea), gold (aur), pepper (piper), glass (sticla), oil (ulei, petrol), stone (piatra), wood (lemn).

Abstractiuni - earth (pamant), paradise (paradis), nature (natura), the present (prezentul), advice (sfat), death (moarte), help (ajutor), information (informatie), news (stire), beauty (frumusete), experience (experienta), knowledge (cunoastere), friendship (prietenie), theory (teorie), literature (literatura).Alte substantive - baggage (bagaj), damage (dauna), shopping (cumparaturi), reading (citire), luggage (bagaje), parking (parcare), weather (vreme).3. Forma posesivaPentru a exprima posesiunea unui substantiv, se foloseste Forma posesiva a substantivului, care se formeaza in diferite moduri.- La forma de singular a substantivelor care nu se termina în s se adauga 's : Ex.: a child's voice (vocea unui copil), the people's choice (alegerea oamenilor), a dog's mouth (gura unui caine), women's clothes (haine de /pt. femei)- Cu formele de plural ale substantivelor care se termina în s se foloseste doar apostroful (') : Ex.: a boys' school (o scoala de baieti), the sisters' house (casa surorilor)- Numele proprii terminate în s vor primi fie doar apostrof ('), fie 's : Ex.: Mr Jones's / Mr Jones' car (masina domnului John), Yeats's / Yeats' poems (poeziile lui Yeats)- În cazul substantivelor compuse si a titlurilor, ultimul cuvânt va primi 's : Ex.: My father-in-law's guitar (chithara socrului meu), Henry the Eighth's wife (a opta sotie a lui Henry)- 's se foloseste si dupa initiale sau abrevieri: Ex.: The CEO's assistant (asistentii CEO), the PM's speech (discursul de /a lui PM)

Forma posesiva se foloseste în general când vorbim de oameni, animale, tari. Se foloseste si în urmatoarele cazuri:a) În expresii temporale: Ex.: yesterday's newspaper (ziarul de ieri), in five years' time (in timp de 5 ani), ten minutes' break (pauza de zece minute)b) În expresii construite dupa modelul bani + worth of (bani + in valoare de): Ex.: ten dollars' worth of bananas (banane de zece dolari), a shilling's worth of stamps (timbre in valoare de un siling)c) În alte expresii uzuale, cum ar fi: Ex.: for heaven's sake (pentru Dumnezeu), a winter's day (o zi de iarna), the water's edge (marginea apei), the plane's wings (aripi de avion), the train's departure (statia de tren)

~ practice time ~

PLURAL OF NOUNS

1. My grandparents ____ eleven children. are has have is 2. The Evans have four _____, two boys and two girls. childs childrens children child 3. Three or four ____ are sitting on chairs. man mans men mens 4. Mrs Brown is speaking to three or four ____. women woman wimin wamen waman e is brought to you by www.nonstopenglish.com

5. There ___ many people in the park.is have has can are 6. ____ people have only two children.A An Any Many Much 7. In some countries you can have more ____.wieves wife wifes wiffes wives 8. These people ____ a nice house.wants is have has can 9. One man - two ____.man mean men min mine 10. ____ shoes cost too much.That These This Those 11. ____ there any tea in the cup?Many Is How Do Are 12. One fish - two ____.fisch fisches fish fishes

COUNTABLE vs. UNCOUNTABLE1. He did not need _____.lot of helps many helps much help much helpings much helps 2. How _____ did they need?

much sands much sandes much sand many sands many sandes 3. How _____ did he eat?big chocolate many chocolate much chocholate much chocholates much chocolate 4. How _____ do you want?very tea much teas much tea many teas many tea 5. There weren't _____ at the meeting.many woman many women many womens much woman much women 6. So _____ came that we ran out of food.much people many persons many person many peoples many people 7. Don't talk too _____.lot many much much thing very 8. I do not have _____.many work many works much work much works much works 9. He hasn't got _____ as a teacher. much experiences much experience many experiences many experience a lot of experiences 10. We did not make _____.much mistakes much mistake many mistook many mistakes many mistake 11. It was not _____ to live with him. much funs much funny much funnies much fun many funs 12. This company doesn't have _____. much machinery much machineries much machinery many machineries a lot of machineries 13. Not _____ like maths.many children many childrens many childs much children much childrens 14. There was _____ at meeting on Friday.a lot of fusses many fuss many fusses much fuss much fusses 15. How _____ do you have?

much sheeps much sheep many sheeps many sheep big sheeps 16. How _____ do you have?a lot of luggages many luggage many luggages much luggagge much luggages 17. I haven't read _____ about World War II.much informations much information many informations many information lot of informations 18. We haven't got _____ this week.lot of homeworks many homework many homeworks much homework much homeworks 19. This company does not need _____.lot of machine many machine many machines much machine much machines 20. He did not give me _____.much advices much advice many advices many advice a lot of advices

~ THE NOUN – follow up ~

1. Traduceţi în limba română: The sheep is a mild animal. Our sheep are in the mountains now. Where are your children?

The child begins to speak. The geese are near the lake. Our kids like the mice in the cartoons.

2. Puneţi substantivele din paranteză la numărul plural: There are hundreds of (book) .................. on the (shelf) .................. All his (toy) ............... are in his room. Those (man)................. are (tourist)....................... (Child) ........................... like (story) ......................... (Leaf) .................... fall in autumn. There are lots of (goose) ....................... on that farm. Did you buy any (potato) ..................... yesterday? Those (woman) .................... are (housewife) ......................... There are some (mouse) ................... in the barn.

3. Treceţi la plural următoarele substantive: class, month, piano, deer, advice, information, hobby, money, map, furniture, box.

4. Care sunt corespondentele feminine ale următoarelor substantive masculine? son, nephew, uncle, father, friend, brother, boy, student, husband, man, king.

5. Vorbiţi despre familia dumneavoastră în cel puţin zece propoziţii. Includeţi şi cuvintele: uncle, aunt, cousin, sister, mother, father, grandmother, grandfather.

6. Write the correct plural form.1. Man ___________2. Hero ___________3. Ox ___________4. Fox ___________5. Knife ___________6. Table ___________7. Horse ___________8. Dish ___________9. Day ___________10. Child ___________11. Tomato ___________12. Person ___________13. Computer ___________

14. Mouse ___________15. Wife ___________16. Baby ___________17. Door ___________18. Sandwich ___________19. Briefcase ___________20. Thesis ___________21. Cactus ___________22. Dictionary ___________23. Book ___________24. Foot ___________25. Class ___________

7. Change into the plural.1-A child under twelve is not allowed to see this film. 2-A man is looking at the film poster.3-This baby has got one tooth.4-This actress is really beautiful. 5-That actor usually dresses as a cowboy. 6-A sheriff saw the thief. 7-There is only one wolf on the prairie. 8-This woman owns a ranch in the Farwest.

9- A buffalo is drinking water from the lake.10-A famous person life is an interesting piece of news.11-The book is on the table. 12-A man is picking up a leaf. 13-This piano is very expensive. 14-That knife was used by the thief. 15. There is only one shelf in his bedroom.

THE ENGLISH PRONOUNMe & To Me

Q1 - Explain it again _____, please. Q2 - She sent a letter _____.

us themto us to them

Q3 - He told a joke _____. Q4 - He sent ____ a letter.

them meto them to me

Q5 - He warned ____ about it. Q6 - Post it _____ as soon as you can, please.

us meto us to me

Q7 - Ayed recommended it ____. Q8 - He wrote _____ a very rude letter.

me meto me to me

Q9 - She wrote a nice letter_____. Q10 - Listen ____.

me meto me to me

Object Pronoun or Reflexive Pronoun?Q1 - I hurt ____ playing football. Q2 - She hurt ____.

me himmyself himself

Q3 - I cut ____ shaving. Q4 - Do you mind if I take ____ home now?

me memyself myself

Q5 - I helped ____ to some food. Q6 - I wanted to do it ____.

me memyself myself

Q7 - He's so ill he can't dress ____. Q8 - She took it upon ____ to organize everything.

him herhimself herself

Q9 - The decision is fine by ____. Q10 - He helped ____ do it.

me memyself myself

Possessive and Reflexive PronounsQ1 - It's ____ party. Q2 - He hurt ____.

my hismine himself

Q3 - She did it ____. Q4 - He took it from ____ room.

hers myherself myself

Either could be used here.

Q5 - I didn't believe ____ story. Q6 - I saw it with ____ own eyes.

her myhers mine

myself

Q7 - No one would help us, so we had to do it ____. Q8 - Someone took it while ___ were asleep.

us ourselvesourself weourselves

Q9 - He'll just have to do it ____. Q10 - It's not ____ problem.

him ourhimself ours

Q11 - I don't think it's____. Q12 - Be careful or you'll hurt ____!

mine yourselfmy yourselvesmyself Either could be used here.

Q13 - It's ____ not mine. Q14 - She didn't do ____ best.

her herhers hersherself herself

PronounsQ1 - Give that to ____. Q2 - Did she see ___?

I usme we

Q3 - Did you phone ____? Q4 - I took it from ____.

she theyher them

herself

Q5 - It's not up to ____. Q6 - My sister and ____ went there.

we Ius me

Q7 - Between you and ____, I think it's a stupid idea. Q8 - ____ is the white one.

I Mineme My

Q9 - What did ____ say about it? Q10 - They said ____ had to pay for it.

them usthey we

Q11 - I told ____ to be here at three o'clock. Q12 - What did ____ want?

he herhim she

Q13 - Tell ____ what happened. Q14 - If ____ have time, it should be OK.

I usme we

Q15 - It's got nothing to do with ____. Q16 - I took ____ both.

you and me ityou and I they

itsthem

Subject and Object PronounsQ1 - I saw ____. Q2 - Give it to ____.

her theyshe them

Q3 - She kissed ____. Q4 - He took ____.

he ithim them

Either could be used here.

Q5 - Did anyone see ____? Q6 - _____ arrived on time.

us Themwe TheyEither could be used here. Either could be used here.

Q7 - What did ____ say? Q8 - She's faster than ____ am.

her meshe IEither could be used here

Q9 - I saw you and ____ there. Q10 - Between you and ____, I really didn't like it.

she meher I

Q11 - My brother and ____ went there. Q12 - He gave it to me and ____.

I shewe herme

They, Them, Their & TheirsQ1 - It took ____ an hour to get to work. Q2 - You take our books and I'll take ____.

they theirthem theirs

Q3 - I am angry with both of ____. Q4 - Do you know ____?

they theytheir themthem

Q5 - Are ____ coming? Q6 - It was very kind of ____ to help.

they theytheir their

them

Q7 - Did ____ speak to you? Q8 - Did you speak to ____?

they theythem them

Q9 - Have ____ been invited? Q10 - Ask ____.

they themtheir theythem

Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns. 1. Does _____ (her, she) know that _____ (me, I) was absent? 2. Please tell _____ ( he, him) _____ (I, me) have obtained a degree in Chemistry. 3. I remember that _____ (they, them) bought the fruits from _____ (we, us). 4. Please don't tell ______ (she, her) about _____ (I, me). 5. _____ can swim because _____ has webbed feet. 6. I met Alice yesterday. _____ invited _____ to her house. 7. Jane has a cat; _____ likes to play with _____. 8. When the dog chased John, _____ ran as fast as _____ could. 9. My uncle works in a factory. _____ says _____ is a noisy place. 10. The teacher said to the class, "When _____ finished your work, please pass _____ up to me."

Fill each blank with a suitable Reflexive Pronoun. 1. He rewarded _____ with an ice-cream. 2. They agreed amongst _____ that they would not tell anyone. 3. I taught _____ to draw. 4. You must explain _____ more clearly. 5. He has a bad temper so he must learn to control _____. 6. We thoroughly enjoyed _____ at the party on Sunday. 7. That monkey is scratching _____.

8. One must defend _____ against bullies. 9. My brother and I bought _____ some apples. 10. She cooks for _____ every day.

Fill in the blanks with ‘which, ‘who', ‘whom' and ‘whose'. 1. The boy, _____ father is a doctor, is my best friend. 2. This is not something _____ we like to do. 3. That man, _____ left leg was amputated, suffers from diabetes. 4. The thief, _____ they caught, was sent to the prison. 5. Our friends, _____ we invited to the party, arrived rather early. 6. The girl, _____ broke the mirror, was scolded by her mother. 7. That is my uncle, _____ car was stolen. 8. That woman, _____ you saw, was my auntie. 9. Kangaroos, _____ use their pouch to carry their babies, are found in Australia. 10. The policeman, ______ caught the thief, is a very brave man.

Possessive Adjective vs. Possessive PronounA Fill out the correct possessive adjective!1. I have a bike. It's bike.2. Mum and I have a boat. It's boat.3. The horse has an apple. It's apple.4. John and Max have a skateboard. It's skateboard.6. You have a dog. It's dog.7. Max and you have a dad. It's dad.B - Fill out the correct possessive pronoun!1. I have a dog. That dog is !2. She has a cat. That cat is !3. We have a car. That car is !4. They have a bike. That bike is !5. He has a key. That key is !6. You have a hat. That hat is !C. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding pronoun or adjective form.- Sheila is an English girl. ………….. is walking with Peter and talking to ……………. - Ann and James are speaking to ………………… teachers, because ……………… have some questions for ……………………….- Jack's friends are in classs. These books are ……………….- We have a very light classroom; ………………………… classroom is on the second floor.- Claire has two dogs; …………………… dogs like playing very - How old are …………………………. ? I am 15 years old.- Can I borrow …………………… rubber? Yes, here ……………….. are.- That bike over there is …………………………. .

~ Follow up ~The indefinite pronoun

Complete the sentences. Choose one of the words in the box

everybody somebody anybody nobody everything something anything nothing everywhere somewhere anywhere nowhere

1. This bag is empty, there isn’t _______________ in it. 2. I’m lonely. I have ____________________ to talk to. 3. I lost my watch. I’ve looked for it _______________. 4. She said ______________, but I didn’t understand her. 5. Did you go _______________ interesting for your vacation? 6. I like the people here. ________________ is very friendly. 7. ’What are you doing here? ’ ’I’m waiting for _______________.’ 8. It’s a secret. Don’t tell _________________. 9. We don’t go out very much, because there’s ____________________ to go.10. ’How much does it cost to visit the museum?’ ’__________________. Why?’11. They live __________________ in the south of France.12. It’s a nice hotel. It’s comfortable and _________________ is clean.


1. Ken never uses his car. He goes _________________ by motorcycle. 2. I’m bored. I don’t have _____________________ to do. 3. Tom lives ________________ near Toronto. 4. I’m looking for my glasses. I can’t find them _________________. 5. ’What did you have to eat?’ ’________________. I wasn’t hungry. ’ 6. I don’t like this place. There’s _____________ to go. 7. Let’s have dinner. _________________ is hungry. 8. I want _______________ to read. I’m going to buy a magazine. 9. The house is empty. _________________ lives there.10. You’re right. _______________ you say is true.11. ’Do you know ______________ in Tokyo?’ ’Yes, I have a few friends there.’12.______________ broke the window.


1. You can have a shower. There’s ________________ in the bathroom. 2. Jack has a bad memory. He can’t remember __________________. 3. Their house is full of books. There are books __________________. 4. ’What’s in that suitcase?’ ’_______________ It’s empty. ’ 5. Stay at home. Don’t go __________________. 6. Do you have ________________ you need? 7. Dan has gone ______________. He didn’t tell anyone where he was going.

8. The tank is almost empty. There’s _______________ a station near here.

9. ’What’s wrong?’ ’I have __________________ in my eye.’10. Tim doesn’t have _________________ to help him. 11. ’Do you know Bob?’ ’Yes, __________________ knows him. ’12.There’s ______________ at the door. Can you go and see who it is?

~ Revision 1~1. Change the underlined words by personal pronouns:1. Alice is my best friend.2. John and Nick are planting trees now.3. Liz and I helped our mum in the kitchen.4. The dog is barking at the cat.5. Tom will call me tomorrow.6. My mother is cooking dinner at the moment.7. The boys were running in the park.

8. Tim sends me SMS every day.9. These books are very interesting.10. Kate gave me a beautiful picture.11. Ann and Sally wrote a letter yesterday.12. Pam and I went to the zoo.13. The girls are knitting now.

2. Choose the correct possessive adjective:1. My/me brother is a dentist.2. Kate took his/her doll from the shelf.3. We water the flowers in their/our garden.4. Pam has taken her/your keys.5. They showed their/our new car.6. This is my/her sister. Her/my name is Liz.7. Tim’s got a new CD. It is our/his CD.

8. Sam has got a dog. Its/it’s name is Boss.9. You’ve got a car. It is his/your car.10. Nick’s got a mobile. It is her/his mobile.11. We’ve got a pet. It is their/our pet.12. I put my/her book on the table.13. You’ve got a new job. It’s her/your job.14. I’ve got a bike. It’s my/his bike.

3. Circle the correct pronoun:1. Sam is talking to her/she.2. I’m looking for they/them.3. Pam is looking at me/my.4. Bob is sending an SMS to her/she.5. I don’t know him/his.6. We like watching it/its.7. Put they/them on the table, please.

8. You’re going with us/we.9. He is going to show I/me his collection. 10. Can you help him/he?11. He is teaching maths to we/us.12. I’m looking at they/them.13. I can lend money to her/she.14. We are waiting for you/your.

4. Fill in the correct possessive pronoun:1. My books. The books are ____.2. His photos. The photos are ____.3. Our letters. The letters are ____.4. Your test. The test is ____.5. Their CDs. The CDs are ____.6. My pet. The pet is ____.7. Her lessons. The lessons are __.

8. Our flag. The flag is ____.9. Her shoes. The shoes are ____.10. My flowers. The flowers are _. __11. Your bird. The bird is ____.12. Their lecture. The lecture is _.13. His mobile. The mobile is ___.14. Our cake. The cake is ____.

5. Choose the correct reflexive pronoun:1. She cooks dinner ____.2. I like to do it ____.3. He does his homework ___.4. We write it ____.5. They cleaned the rooms ____.6. She eats soup ____.7. I wash my hair _____.8. He made a report ____. 9. I sent a letter _____.10. We watered the trees ____.11. They bought the tickets ___.

12. He cuts the bushes ____.13. I knit everything ____.14. You drew this picture ____.

6. Correct the mistakes:1. John is ours friend.2. Pam is me best friend.3. He gave mine an interesting book.4. Look! This book is me.5. She writes letters myself.6. Look at him pet. It is nice.7. This is my friend. Him name is Tim.8. Me father’s name is David.9. We drew this picture themselves.10. I saw his yesterday.11. Please, show my your photo.12. Her plays tennis every day.13. I’ll give his my phone number.14. They are waiting for our.

THE ARTICLE

EXERCISE 1 Fill in the gaps. I am from Winchester, Hampshire. Winchester is ……….. city in …………….. United Kingdom. I live in …… town called ………….. Taunton which is on ………… River Tone. I live in ………….. house in ……… quiet street in the countryside. ……………. street is called "Hudson Street" and ………… house is old - more than 100 years old! I am ………….. English lecturer at …….. college near …………… centre of ………………. town. I like ………….. books, music and taking ……….. photographs. I usually have ………… lunch at college. I usually go ……….. home by ……….. car. We have all kinds of food in ………. England. I like …………. Polish food very much. Sometimes, I go to ……… Polish restaurant in Bath. ………….. restaurant is called "Magda's". ………. Polish food is delicious!

EXERCISE 2 a, an, the, zero 1. Robert and Jessica went to ___ party last night. 2. Can you tell me how to get to ___ cinema from here? 3. ___ college is closed today. 4. Gregory is one of ___ strangest people I know.5. I recommend you to try ___ tomato soup at this restaurant. 6. ___ beer is good for you.7. Would you like to see ___ film? 8. ___ apple a day keeps ___ doctor away. 9. I can't believe I failed ___ yesterday's test! 10. Do you have ___ dictionary that I can borrow?

EXERCISE 3There were many dogs in the park. One dog was ___ Dalmatian. 1. Pandas and ___ tigers are both endangered animals. 2. Magda is wearing ___ blue dress with red shoes3. Bornholm is ___ island in the Baltic Sea. 4. Christmas comes once ___ year. 5. ___ owl is __ bird. 6. The Severn is ___ river.7. Jane went to the shop to buy ___ bread. 8. Hania broke ___ glass when she was washing-up. 9. Tom took ___ umbrella as it was raining heavily.

EXERCISE 41. This is ___ easy question. 2. Stephen could you speak ___ little louder? 3. May I have your ___ phone number? 4. I have never seen ___ UFO. 5. May I ask you ___ question? 6. Astrid is ___ best teacher in our school. 7. What is ___ name of the next station? 8. My girlfriend has ___ my car today. 9. I went to ___ sea during my summer holiday. 10. Is there ___ cash machine near here?EXERCISE 5This is Joanna. She's _____ doctor.

a. ab. an

1. Simon is ____ engineer.a. ab. an

2. That's Sandra. She's ___ hairdresser.a. ab. an

3. Sean Connery is ___ actor.a. ab. an

4. John is ____ electrician.a. ab. an

5. Mr. Sańko is ___ teacher.a. ab. an

6. This is Shirley. She's ___ housewife.a. ab. an

7. That's Mark. He's ___ police officer.a. ab. an

8. I'm ____ student.a. ab. an

9. Kate Winslet is ____ actress.a. ab. an

EXERCISE 6Fill in each blank with the appropriate article. If no article is required, put a "0" in the blank. The nouns that the articles go with are in italics.

1. _______(a) Decline and Fall of ______(b) Roman Empire 2. ________(a) complexity of _______(b) problem of ______(c) decline and fall of the Roman

Empire is made evident by _______(d) wide variety of causes that are emphasized in varying degrees by _______ (e) different authors.

3. Fortunately, ________(a) concise formulation of Edward Gibbon serves as _________(b) widely accepted basis for _______(c) modern discussion of _________(d) problem.

4. According to Gibbon, _________(a) empire reached its peak during _______(b) administration of ________(c) two Antonines.

5. After that, however, ________(a) extent of ________(b) Roman conquest became too great to be managed by _______(c) Roman government, and _______(d) decline began.

6. ______(a) military government was weakened and finally dissolved as ______(b) barbarians were allowed to constitute ______(c) ever-growing percentage of ______(d) Roman legions.

7. ______(a) victorious legions began to dominate and corrupt _______(b) government, weakening it at ______(c) time when it most needed ______(d) strength to overcome _______(e) other problems

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PREPOSITIONS IN ENGLISH

Prepositions – TimeEnglish Usage Example

On days of the week on Monday

In months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?)

in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour

At for night for weekend a certain point of time (when?)

at night at the weekend at half past nine

Since from a certain point of time (past till now) since 1980

For over a certain period of time (past till now) for 2 years

Ago a certain time in the past 2 years ago

Before earlier than a certain point of time before 2004

To telling the time ten to six (5:50)

Past telling the time ten past six (6:10)

to / till / until

marking the beginning and end of a period of time

from Monday to/till Friday

till / until in the sense of how long something is going to last

He is on holiday until Friday.

By in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time

I will be back by 6 o’clock. By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction)English Usage Example

In room, building, street, town, country book, paper etc. car, taxi picture, world

in the kitchen, in London in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world

At meaning next to, by an object for table for events place where you are to do something typical

(watch a film, study, work)

at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work

On attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio

the picture on the wall London lies on the Thames. on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio

49

English Usage Example

by, next to, beside

left or right of somebody or something Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.

Under on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else

the bag is under the table

Below lower than something else but above ground the fish are below the surface

Over covered by something else meaning more than getting to the other side (also across) overcoming an obstacle

put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall

Above higher than something else, but not directly over it

a path above the lake

Across getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side

walk across the bridge swim across the lake

through something with limits on top, bottom and the sides

drive through the tunnel

To movement to person or building movement to a place or country for bed

go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed

Into enter a room / a building go into the kitchen / the house

towards movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)

go 5 steps towards the house

Onto movement to the top of something jump onto the table

From in the sense of where from a flower from the garden

Other important PrepositionsEnglish Usage Example

From who gave it a present from Jane

Of who/what does it belong to what does it show

a page of the book the picture of a palace

By who made it a book by Mark Twain

On walking or riding on horseback entering a public transport vehicle

on foot, on horseback get on the bus

In entering a car / Taxi get in the car

Off leaving a public transport vehicle get off the train

out of leaving a car / Taxi get out of the taxi

By rise or fall of something travelling (other than walking or horseriding)

prices have risen by 10 percent by car, by bus

At for age she learned Russian at 45

About for topics, meaning what about we were talking about you

PRACTICE1. My best friend lives ______ Boretz Road.a. inb. onc. at

2. I'll be ready to leave ____ about twenty minutes.a. inb. on

50

c. at3. Since he met his new girlfriend, Juan never seems to be ______ home.a. onb. inc. at4. The child responded to his mother's demands ______ throwing a tantrum.a. withb. byc. from5. I think she spent the entire afternoon ______ the phone.a. onb. inc. at6. I will wait ______ 6:30, but then I'm going home.a. fromb. atc. until7. The police caught the thief _____ the corner of Cascade and Plum Streets.a. inb. atc. from8. My fingers were injured so my sister had to write the note _____ me.a. forb. withc. to9. I am not interested _____ buying a new car now.a. tob. forc. in10. What are the main ingredients ______ this casserole?a. aboutb. toc. of11. My best friend, John, is named ______ his great-grandfather.a. afterb. toc. about

12. Grandpa stayed up ______ two in the morning.a. sinceb. forc. until13. My parents have been married ______ forty-nine years.a. sinceb. forc. until14. He usually travels to Philadelphia _______ train.a. byb. atc. with15. You frequently see this kind of violence ____ television.a. withb. inc. on16. I told Mom we'd be home ______ an hour or so.a. tob. inc. at17. I was visiting my best friend _____ the hospital.a. ofb. atc. in18. The professor _______ South Africa amazed the American students with her stories.a. fromb. ofc. in19. I'll see you ____ home when I get there.a. inb. byc. at20. It's been snowing ________ Christmas morning.a. sinceb. forc. until

BChoose the correct preposition to complete each of the following sentences:

1. It's ________ time you told him the truth! on

about in

2. The soccer player was ejected because he had done something that was ________ the rules. without outside

51

against

3. Another way of saying 'old-fashioned' is '________ the times'. beside behind outside

4. You shouldn't pick ________ him just because he's different. on to with

5. The animal hospital? It's somewhere ________ that big blue building. around about on

6. Being a nurse is hard work, especially if you're ________ call all the time. in with on

7. She's the kind of girl who knows everything ________ everyone. about on in

8. She is, ________ a doubt, the best student in the class. without outside about

9. ________ our visit to Japan, we saw a lot of interesting places. While During Through

10. ________ the year, I've spoken to her five times. In During Throughout

C

1 He made his escape by jumping ______ a window and jumping ______ a waiting car.

over / intobetween / intoout of / between

out of / intoup to / out of

2 To get to the Marketing department, you have to go ______ those stairs and then ______ the corridor to the end.

over / intobetween / intoout of / betweenout of / intoup / along

3 I saw something about it ______ television.

inonatthroughwith

4 I couldn't get in ______ the door so I had to climb ______ a window.

through / throughbetween / intoout of / betweenout of / intoup / along

5 She took the key ______ her pocket and put it ________ the lock.

over / intobetween / intoout of / inby / onup to / out of

6 He drove ______ me without stopping and drove off ______ the centre of town.

from / intotowards / overalong / uppast / towardsin / next to

7 I took the old card ______ the computer and put ______ the new one.

through / inout of / inout of / betweenout of / intoup / along

8 I went ______ him and asked him the best way to get ______ town.

52

from / intotowards / overalong / upby / onup to / out of

9 It's unlucky to walk ______ a ladder in my culture. I always walk ______ them.

through / inout of / inunder / aroundout of / intoup / along

10 The restaurant is ______ the High Street, ______ the cinema.

through / inout of / inunder / aroundin / next toup / along

11 Sally left school ______ the age of 16 and went to work ______ a bank.

through / inout of / inunder / aroundin / next toat / in

12 He jumped ______ the wall and ______ the garden.

over / intotowards / overalong / upby / onup to / out of

13 He was driving ______ 180 miles per hour when he crashed ______ the central barrier.

at / intoout of / inunder / aroundin / next toat / in

14 She ran ______ the corridor and ______ the stairs to the second floor.

from / intotowards / overalong / up

by / onin / next to

15 John is the person standing ______ the window, ______ the woman with the long blonde hair.

at / intobeside / next tounder / aroundin / next toat / in

16 When the bull ran ______ me, I jumped ______ the fence.

from / intotowards / overbeside / next toby / onin / next to

17 Look, that car's ______ fire.ThroughWithInIntoOn

18 He saw a parking space ______ two cars and drove ______ it.

over / intobetween / intoalong / upby / onup to / out of

19 Harry comes to work ______ car but I prefer to come ______ foot.

at / intobeside / next toby / onin / next toat / in

20 He took the book ______ the shelf and put it ______ his bag.

from / intoat / intobeside / next toby / onin / next to

53

PHRASAL VERBSTO BREAK off - a se intrerupe brusc din discutieTO BREAK away with - a se dezobisnuiTO BREAK up - a se despartiTO BREAK into - a intra prin efractie

TO COME across - a se intalni accidentalTO COME in - a intraTO COME out - a iesi, a deveni cunoscut

TO GET away - a se da la o parte, a pleca, (Mars!)TO GET down to - a da jos, a se apucaTO GET in - a intraTO GET out - a iesi, (Dispari!, Mars!)TO GET through - a trece prin ceva, a face legatura telefonicaTO GET up - a se pregati, a se ridica

TO GIVE in - a cedaTO GIVE off - a emite un miros neplacutTO GIVE out - a fi epuizat (despre carti)TO GIVE away - a tradaTO GIVE way - a ceda (despre lucruri/obiecte)TO GIVE up - a renunta

TO LOOK after - a avea grija de cinevaTO LOOK out - a (te) feriTO LOOK in to - a examinaTO LOOK up - a cauta pe cineva / a cauta in dictionarTO LOOK away - a intoarce privireaTO LOOK for - a cautaTO LOOK forward to - a astepta cu nerabdare (!cere verb + ing)TO LOOK on to - a avea vedere spre (ex: mare)TO LOOK up to - a privi in sus, a admiraTO LOOK down on - a dispretuiTO LOOK out of - a se uita pe geamTO LOOK over - a se uita superficial

TO MAKE for - a se indrepta spre ceva (un loc)TO MAKE out - a intelege, a discerneTO MAKE up - a alcatui, a nascoci, a prepara

TO PUT off - a amanaTO PUT down - a scrie / a inabusi o revoltaTO PUT away - a economisi baniTO PUT up - a caza pe cinevaTO PUT up with - a suporta pe cinevaTO PUT under - a ascundeTO PUT on - a se ingrasa / a se imbracaTO PUT out - a stinge lumina / a stinge focul

TO RUN down - a criticaTO RUN into - a se intalni accidentalTO RUN out of - a ramane faraTO RUN over - a calca cu masina

TO STAND out - a iesi in evidentaTO STAND up - a se ridicaTO STAND up with - a rezista, a suportaTO STAND in - a se intelegeTO STAND off - a sta deoparteTO STAND by - a fi de fataTO STAND down - a sta josTO STAND against - a fi impotriva, a opune rezistentaTO STAND for - a fi pentru

TO TAKE down - a scrie / a doboriTO TAKE to - a simpatiza / a se apuca de cevaTO TAKE up - a imbratisa o carieraTO TAKE in - a pacali pe cinevaTO TAKE aback - a fi luat prin surprindereTO TAKE over - a preluaTO TAKE on - a ocupa un loc in spatiuTO TAKE off - a se dezbraca / a decolaTO TAKE down on - a invinovatiTO TAKE after - a semana (cu cineva)

TO APOLOGIZE for - a(-si) cere scuze pentru ...TO ASK about - a intreba despreTO ASK for - a cere cevaTO BE short of - a ramane faraTO BE ran down - a fi terminatTO BELONG to - a apartine [cuiva]TO BRING back - a evocaTO BRING about - a se intamplaTO BRING up - a aduce, a educaTO CALL off - a anulaTO CALL forth - a evocaTO CARE for - a avea grija deTO DO without - a se lipsi de cevaTO DROP off - a atipiTO FALL out - a se desprindeTO FALL out with - a anulaTO FIND out - a aflaTO GO off - a explodaTO GROW up - a cresteTO LET off - a iertaTO PAY for - a plati pentruTO REFRAIN from - a se abtine (de la ceva)TO SEE (somebody) off - a conduce (pe cineva)TO SEE through - a examina, a analizaTO SORT out - a rezolva

1. My car ________ on the freeway. broke down

broke up broke through

54

2. The thief managed to ________ the police barricade. break through break in break on

3. My girlfriend and I ________ last month. broke through broke in broke up

4. Hey, ________ the girl with the red hair. She's very pretty. check out check in check at

5. ________! Things will get better. Cheer on Cheer at Cheer up

6. The police are trying to ________ on drunk drivers. crack up

crack down crack through

7. He is so funny! He really cracks me ________. up around on

8. I though the movie was going to end, but it just ________. dragged in dragged on dragged into

9. I'm really tired because I ________ at 5 AM this morning. got around got up got on

10. Friends can help you to ________ a difficult time in your life. get around get by get through

55

Let’s practice! Choose a phrasal verb to replace the explanation in brackets.

1. Every morning I (stop sleeping) _________ ____ when I hear the alarm clock. a) wake out b) wake up c) wake in d) wake off2. On Sundays I can (leave bed) _________ ____ later. a) get out b) step off c) get up d) step out3. We must (be quick) _________ ____ or we'll be late for school! a) act up b) fasten on c) hurry up d) speed in 4. John helped the old lady to (board) _________ ____ the bus. a) mount on b) get on c) get up 4) put on5. Julie went to the library to (try to find) _________ ____ a book. a) look out b) look after c) look for d) look up6. It's time for the news. Let's (start) _________ ____ the radio. a) turn on b) tune in c) turn up d) tune at7. "Please come in and (have a seat) _________ ____" said the doctor. a) seat up b) seat down c) sit up d) sit down8. When Dad arrives home, he (removes) _________ ____ his coat. a) puts off b) takes off c) leaves in d) takes out9. Dad couldn't see very well. " (wear) _________ ____ your glasses" said Mum. a) put on b) put away c) put in d) put up10. When we arrive at the station, we (descend from) _________ ____ the train. a) get down b) stand down c) get off d) stand out

Let’s practice! Choose a phrasal verb to complete the following sentences.

1. The meeting had to be _________ _____ (to a later date) because of the strike.

a) set off b) put off c) laid off d) set to

2. The films begins at 8.30. I'll _________ you _____ at 8.15.

a) pick/up b) take/out c) collect/up d) run/up

3. Tom is depressed. He's finding it difficult to _________ _____ his divorce.

a) get over b) get past c) go after d) give away

4. There is no more sugar. Never mind - we can _______ _______ it!

a) dispense of b) make up c) take off d) do without

5. Teaching is not easy. Sometimes teachers have to __________ _____ aggressive children.

a) handle to b) deal with c) cope on d) work out

6. Alan met Julie by accident. He _________ _____ her at the supermarket.

a) walked into b) crashed into c) bumped into d) banged into

7. The boss wants an explanation. How do you _________ _____ the decrease in sales?

a) make up b) break down c) add up d) account for

8. If we _________ _____ of petrol on this isolated road, we'll be in trouble!

a) lack in b) run out c) stay out d) roll out

9. Sometimes fighting _________ _____ among supporters at football matches.

a) takes off b) starts up c) breaks out d) rises up

10. There will be no press conference tomorrow. It has been _________ _____ .

a) called off b) taken back c) put away d) set off.

PREPOSITIONS- follow up –

There was a beautiful painting ___ the wall.

atinonto

The party should end ___ midnight.

atoninto

I was standing ___ the top floor.

inatwithon

There is no need to get angry ___ me. it's not my fault.

oninwithby

Did you know that he is named ___ his grandfather?

ofafterbeforeto

That bag looks heavy. Let me carry it ___ you.

infromforat

Sorry, he can't speak to you. he's ___ the telephone at the moment.

byonatinof

I will speak to him later ___ the phone.

oninatby

It doesn't look like that there is anyone ___ home.

toinofat

I've known her ___ about 5 years.

ofatinfor

"I really care ___ what happens to him."

aboutofatto

"I heard that he died ___ a heart attack."

fortoaboutof

"Please apologise to them ___ me."

forbyofto

"I saw a car collide ___ a motorbike."

toonwithagainst

"I don't agree ___ banning smoking in bars."

aboutin

forwith

"I ran ___ Tom while I was in the library. I haven't seen him for ages."

onintoinat

"I'm very satisfied ___ my exam results."

withinforon

"I've noticed a big improvement ___ my English."

aboutatforin

"There's a real lack ___ cheap restaurants around here."ofaboutfromby

"She has a lot of admiration ___ all that you have done."foronoffrom

B.1. Fred lives _____ Mill Street, doesn't he? in onat

2. My father was born _____ Christmas Eve. atonin3. Come here _____ once! I need your help right now!atonin4. Joe's either early or late. He's never _____ time.onatin5. Fred lives _____ 2223 Mill Street, doesn't he?inaton6. I'll be able to leave _____ about 10 minutes. I have to finish something first.

inonat7. Angela doesn't seem to be _____ home. I wonder where she went.oninat8. This is an _____ - house product. It isn't sold to the public.atinon9. Please don't get mad _____ me! I'm only doing this for your own good!atonin10. Is there a post office _____ the university campus?inaton

ARTICLES~ follow up ~

A. Fill in the article >a<, >an< or >the< where necessary. Choose >x< where no article is used.1) I like --------- blue T-shirt over there better than ----------red one.2) Their car does 150 miles ------- hour.3) Where's ------------ USB drive I lent you last week?4) Do you still live in ---------- Bristol?5) Is your mother working in ----------- old office building?6) Carol's father works as ----------- electrician.7) The tomatoes are 99 pence ------------ kilo.8) What do you usually have for ------------- breakfast?9) Ben has------------ terrible headache.10) After this tour you have ------------- whole afternoon free to explore the city.

B. Fill in the gaps with a, an, the or zero article ().a) I usually have ________ breakfast at

half past ten.b) I loved ________ breakfast that I had

at your house yesterday.c) ________ clothes in this shop are really

fashionable.d) He isn’t at all interested in ________

clothes.e) They went to ________ Bahamas on

holiday, and then they went to ________ Mexico.

f) ________ Lawrence plays ________ guitar very well.

g) ________ moon looks really nice today.

h) Where’s ________ dog? Has he run away again?

i) ________ new hospital is very modern.j) We went to visit ________ Eiffel

Tower in ________ Paris.

k) ________ Republic of Ireland won the competition; ________ France lost.

l) How often does he play ________ football?

m) I don’t like ________ fish, but I love ________ meat.

n) ________ Nile river is really long.o) I’m going to buy ________ sweater I

told you about.p) We must save ________ Amazon

jungle from total destruction.q) We never go to ________ church.r) ________ old church in the village is

really beautiful.s) Is there ________ university in this

town?t) He has ________ FTP server.u) I’d love to see ________ unicorn.v) Would you like ________ egg

sandwich?w) Her mother is ________ engineer.

C. Underline the correct article.a) What time do you have the / a / lunch.b) I watched an / a / BBC documentary

this morning.c) I’m going to have the / a / shower.

d) It was an / a / the unilateral decision.e) Do you want to watch an / a / the

movie? I have got lots of new DVDs.f) I love the / a / horror movies!

g) He is training to be the / a / an dentist.h) In my opinion, the / a / dog is

friendlier than the / a / cat.i) The / A / dogs are friendlier than the /

a / cats.

j) They shot down / a / an US fighter plane.

k) I’d like / a / an apple, please.l) Sandra has lost / a/ an earring.m) I’m taking my books back to a / the /

library.

D. Fill in any missing articles a/an/the or leave the space empty if no article is needed

____ successful rescue of 33 miners from the San Jose gold and copper mine in ____ Chile on 13th October was ____ big news story all over ____ world. In fact, around one billion people watched at least some of it on ___ TV.

____ men had been trapped underground for longer than any other miners in ___ history 69 days in total. ___ story began on 5th August when the roof of part of ___ mine collapsed, trapping the men 700 metres beneath ___ surface. On 22nd August it was discovered that ____ miners were still alive, and so ____ rescue effort began. While ___ rescuers started drilling a 700m hole that would be wide enough for ___ miners to escape through, ____ miners themselves did ___ vital job by clearing away ___ pieces of rock that fell down ____ hole during the drilling.

____ NASA and ____ Chilean navy together made ____ rescue capsule – ___ kind of very narrow lift that would be able to carry ___ miners, one by one, up to the surface. No miner with ____ waistline of more than 90cm would be able to fit inside, however, so ____ few of them had to do extra exercise to lose ___ weight.

On 12th October ____ Phoenix 2 capsule carried ____ first member of a team of rescuers down the mine: they would stay there until all 33 of the miners had been taken to the surface. Phoenix 2 took around 15 minutes to lift each miner to the surface. ___ first miner arrived shortly after ___ midnight on 13th October, ___ last 22 hours later, around 10pm.

Since ____ rescue the miners have had to get used to ____ fact that they are now celebrities, with journalists queuing up to talk to them. Suddenly they are now receiving VIP treatment: ____ Manchester United and Real Madrid, for example, have invited all 33 of them to travel to ____ Europe to watch football matches at their stadiums. As for Phoenix 2, it soon became ___ tourist attraction, going on display in ____ Chilean capital, Santiago.

____ cost of the rescue was probably somewhere between 10 and 20 million US dollars, but anyone who saw ____ moving pictures of the miners reaching the surface and seeing their loved ones again – coming ‘back from ___ dead’, as some newspapers described it – would agree that ___ end result was priceless.

PREPOSITIONS~ follow up~

When we get ready for dinner, I have to take my books__________ the table.A. offB. fro

mC. outD.

2. Every weekend, we put the trash can ________________ for garbage collection.

A. upB.

C. intoD. out3. You have to leave your shoes ______________the

door when you enter the house.A.

B. overC.

D. by4. It was a long walk, so he began moving slowly

________________ the town.A. forB. towa

rdsC. untilD.

5. David cleaned his room by stuffing everything _________________his bed.

A.

B. onC. und

erD. alon

g6. We often go fishing __________________ the

river bank.A. towa

rdsB. insi

deC. alon

gD. arou

nd7. The lecture will be held right ______________ the

tutorial.A.

B. before

C. overD. beyo

nd8. He was caught by the teacher for cheating

________________the exam.A. duri

ngB. afterC. nearD. outsi

de9. John needs to submit the report _________ his

boss before 5 pm.A.

B.

C. OfD. on10. James’ wife accused him _____________

cheating.A. upB.

C. withD.

11. Kathleen apologized ________________ her brother’s poor behaviour.

A. For

B.

C. OffD.

12. There is no doubt that Adam is very good ___________ telling jokes.

A.

B. overC. OfD. with13. These dresses were ____________ sale last

week.A.

B.

C. onD. Up14. There is a bridge _____________ the river.A. nearB. acro

ssC. onD. alon

g15. Amanda hasn’t seen her older sister

_______________ last April.A. onB.

C. around

D. since

16. Their relationship was ______________ because of jealousy.

A. onB.

C. overD.

17. Julia came all the way _______________ Russia to see her boyfriend.

A. from

B. since

C. before

D.

18. The detective chased the killer ______________ the streets.

A. since

B. through

C. during

D. beyond

19. Ai Ling is worried ________the test because she thinks that she will fail the test.

A. OfB. onC.

D. about

20. Jeanne was texting her boyfriend ___________the teacher was teaching.

A. untilB.

C. while

D. ForB. 1. We are open _____ Monday to Friday.from in since till up 2. I went to bed early but I was not tired. I read a book _____ 3 a.m.until to in by at 3. John has been in hospital _____ three days.to since on for at 4. Are you busy _____ the moment?to on in before at 5. Everybody was very nervous the day _____ the examination.until to on in before 6. Do not forget to close the windows _____ you go out.

to on in before after 7. He was so tired that he fell asleep _____ the film.since on for during by 8. We were so angry that we did not speak _____ lunchtime.during for in on to 9. Where is Sally? She should be here _____ now.by in on since to 10. I'll be working _____ 11.30.until since on in for 11. We often have a short holiday _____ Christmas.on in by at about 12. There were many wars ruining much of Europe _____ the Middle Ages.

at for in on since 13. He learned to drive _____ eight weeks.until to on in at 14. We always go on a short holiday _____ the beginning of January.to since on in at 15. We had a lot of problems with our car. _____ the end we sold it and bought another.|at By In On Till 16. The train was late this morning but it is usually _____ time.since on in for at

17. I like to get up _____ time to have breakfast before going to work.till on in by at 18. I nearly forgot that it was my wife's birthday. Fortunately I remembered _____ time.until on in by at 19. I normally get paid _____ the end of the month.at for in on since 20. We waited ages for a taxi. We gave up _____ the end and went home on foot.until on in for at

The end

PRACTICE I a. Present perfect simpleI. Write the participle forms of the following verbs.1. shut → 2. spend → 3. give →

4. teach → 5. sell →

II. Complete the table in present perfect simple.Positive negative question

We have chatted.The lesson has not started.

Have we won?She has turned around.

They have not arrived.III. Write sentences in present perfect simple.1. we / reach / our goal - 2. our team / lose / the match - 3. she / underline / the word - 4. they / not / discover / the treasure - 5. Ron / not / talk / about the problem - IV. Write questions in present perfect simple.1. you / knock / at the door - 2. the teacher / mark / the tests - 3. she / buy / a new computer - 4. they / rescue / the girl - 5. Brad / wear / a blue shirt - V. Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.1. They have seen him at the library. - 2. Robby Robber has robbed another bank. - 3. Bill has ordered three desserts. - 4. Clara has repeated the sentence five times. - 5. Jane has asked a question. -

b. Present perfect continuousI. Write the ing-form of the following verbs.1. cry → 2. prepare →

3. lie → 4. win →

II. Choose the correct form: have or has and since or for.1. Emma been learning English five years. 2. My friends been living here 2003. 3. I been waiting for Danny 20 minutes. 4. Ross and Gavin been travelling around Australia six weeks. 5. Carol been exercising in the gym 2 o'clock. III. Write sentences in present perfect progressive.1. Kevin / read → 2. you / TV / watch / all day → 3. Paul / to the radio / listen / not → 4. the men / cards / play → 5. the girls / cycle / not → IV. Write questions in present perfect progressive.1. Carol / shout → 2. you / dance → 3. Kevin / run → 4. they / on the phone / talk / how long → 5. these books / lie / on the floor / how long →

c. Diferenţa dintre prezent perfect simplu şi continuuPrezent Perfect Simplu Prezent Perfect Continuu Accent pe rezultat Accent pe durata sau cursul acţiunii

Acţiune din trecut înspre prezentAcţiune terminată dar care influenţează prezentul

I. Pune verbele la prezent perfect simplu sau continuu şi tradu:1. I (play) ____________________________ football for five years. 2. My team (win / only) __________________________ two matches so far. 3. The others (be / always) _____________________________ better. 4. Are we not there yet? We (walk) ________________________________for hours. 5. But we (cover / only) ___________________________________an area of five miles so far. 6. I (finish/just) ______________________________my homework. 7. I (work) ________________________________ on this essay since two o'clock. 8. Jane (go out) ______________________________ with Bob for seven years. 9. Martin (date) ___________________________ three girls this week. 10. How long (wait / you) __________________________ for us?

Robin: I think the waiter (forget) ________________________ us. We (wait) ________________________ here for over half an hour and nobody (take) _________________________________ our order yet. Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) _________________________________by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we (order, already) ______________________________________________________________. Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) _____________________ here for five or ten minutes and they already have their food.Michele: He must realize we (order, not) ________________________________ yet! We (sit) _______________________________________________here for over half an hour staring at him.Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) _____________________us. He (run) ____________________________ from table to table taking orders and serving food. Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) _____________________________________ in our direction once. II. Alege varianta corectă şi tradu: 1. I'm very hungry. I___________ all day. a) didn't eat b) haven't ate c) haven’t eaten d) have been eating2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They ________ completely ________ it. a) have been redecorating b) have redecorated c) already redecorated d) didn't redecorated3. Our kitchen’s a mess. We_______ any cleaning for weeks. a) didn't do b) haven't been doing c) have done d) haven't done4. I think they are dating. They______________ a lot of each other recently. a) had seen b) haven't been seeing c) have been seeing d) have seen5. We've discovered this great café and we__________ there a lot. a) have been going b) have gone c) are going

d) have went6. How's your Mum? I _________ her for ages. a) had seen b) haven't seen c) haven't been seeing d) didn't see7. You're covered in paint! What __________ you __________? a) have done b) were doing c) did do d) have been doing8. She’s gone to the doctor's. She ______________________ too well lately. a) hasn't felt b) hasn't been feeling

c) has felt

d) doesn't feel9. Where have you been? I__________________ for ages.

a) have waited b) waited

c) was waiting

d) have been waiting10. I have to write an essay. I_____ about half of it so far.

a) have written b) have been writing

c) wrote

d) have to write

~ FOLLOW UP ~A. Fill in with for, since, just, already, yet1.- My son went to the supermarket but he hasn’t come back …….2.- Leonard has ……….. made his bed but he hasn’t called his girlfriend …….3.- Miriam has lived in Morocco ……………… she was ten years old.4.- We have ………….. met the new teacher at the high school.5.- The waiter has ………. brought me some coffee and biscuits.6.-Have they visited London ………? No, they haven’t …………. gone there.7.-That man has ............ come late again. His boss is very angry with him.8.-Has the girl lived in France ……….. five years? Yes, she arrived five years ago.9.-The plane has flown ………. twelve hours.10.-The businessman has worked in the same office ……… he was twenty-five years old.11.-There have been many accidents on this road ………… last year.12.-John has performed the same play ……….. a long time.13.- The woman hasn’t sold her car ………., but she wants to sell it.14.- I have known my boyfriend ……………….. we were at primary school.

B. Choose the correct option.1 I have / has already finished my homework.2 My son have / has just started the university.3 The Black family have / has gone to the seaside.4 Dad haven’t / hasn’t watered the plants.5 Have / Has Sam ever been to the USA?6 Our English teachers have / has never ridden a horse.7 Ann, Frank and Jim have / has bought a new house.8 Have / Has you taken the dog for a walk?9 The weather have / has been terrible since yesterday.

C. Are these sentences correct () or not ()? Correct the incorrect ones.1 Clara hasn’t just done her homework.2 They have lived here since 2006.3 I have just saw a great film on TV.4 My English teacher has just missed the bus.5 Have you ever gone to Italy?6 Mum have already drunk her coffee.7 They haven’t phoned me since yesterday.8 I have known him since 5 years.9 My friend, Nicola has been to New York.10 The plane hasn’t arrived

D. Choose the right option1. John hasn’t eaten_________yesterday.(a) for (b) since (c) ago2. I’ve had my beach towel________two years. (a) for (b) since (c) ago3. We haven’t travelled__________2001. (a) for (b) since (c) ago4. The teacher rang the bell two hours________.(a) for (b) since (c) ago

5. I haven’t seen the dentist_______last May?(a) for (b) since (c) ago6. The hasn’t been in space for the last___years. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 7. The criminal hasn’t been in jail______2010. (a) for (b) since (c) ago8 . I haven’t eaten watermelon____last summer. (a) for (b) since (c) ago9. Mary made lots of money at the sale two weeks _________. (a) for (b) since (c) ago10. I haven’t heard Mexican musice _____I was a little girl. (a) for (b) since (c) ago11. John hasn’t built any houses _____the last year.(a) for (b) since (c) ago12. Two years________the trees produced lots of sap.(a) for (b) since (c) ago

E. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS1) Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.

1. Look! ……………………………… (somebody / break) that window?2. You look tired. ………………………………. (you / work) hard?3. “…………………………………… (you / ever / work) in a factory?” “No, never”. 4. “Liz is away on holiday”. “Is she? Where ………………………………. (she / go)?”5. My brother is an actor. ………………………………….. (he / appear) in several films. 6. “Sorry, I’m late” “That’s all right. ……………………………… (I / not / wait) long”.7. “Is it still raining?” “No, ……………………………….. (it / stop).”8. ………………………………….. (I / lose) my address book. ……………………………. (you /

see) it?9. …………………………………. (I / read) the book you lent me, but …………………..... (I /

not / finish) it yet. It’s very interesting. 10. …………………………… (I / read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.

2) For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets. 1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. (how long / learn / Arabic?)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. ( wait / long?)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..3. You see somebody fishing by the river. (catch / any fish?)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. (how many people / invite?)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..5. A friend of yours is a teacher. (how long / teach?)

………………………………………………………………………………………….6. You meet somebody who is a writer.

(how long / write / books?) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ( how many / books / write)) ………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday. (how long / save?) ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(how much money / save?) ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

PRACTICE~ present perfect vs. simple past ~

A) Underline the correct one1) I lost – have lost my wallet. I cannot find it anywhere. I looked – have looked at the

bedroom but it wasn’t there.2) I didn’t sell – haven’t sold my car. I decided – have decided to keep it. 3) Didn’t you finish – haven’t you finished your work yet?4) They went – have gone to New York. They must be having great time. Last semester I was –

have been there and I had – have had wonderful time.5) Selma lived – has lived in Qatar for two years. Last month she moved – has moved to

Barcelona. 6) I was – have been born in Sydney but I lived – have lived in Canberra.7) “Did she help – has he helped you

with your Spanish exam?” “No, he didn’t – hasn’t. He is busy.”

8) My father was – has been very busy recently.

9) We bought – have bought a new house. It has got a very large garden.

10) She was – has been a teacher when she was – has been 21.

B) Fill in the blanks with the given time expressions.last month – since 2003 – in 1978 – just (2)- already – yesterday – yet (2) – last summer –

ever – ten minutes ago1) I haven’t watered the flowers ________.2) ________, I bought a mobile phone but I lost it. 3) My family has lived in Dubai ________. 4) The train left ________. I missed it.5) I graduated from high school ________.6) Haven’t you made up your mind ________?7) He has ________ painted the benches. They are wet.8) Have you ________ been to Istanbul? 9) It was very cold ________ but today it is warm and sunny.10) We have ________ found a new servant. 11) We were in Hawaii ________. It was an unbelievable holiday.12) I have ________ phoned Melisa. She is fine. We don’t need to phone her again.

C) Rewrite the sentences.1) I prepared the table a few minutes ago. ( just )

__________________________________________.2) She has already done the washing up. ( an hour ago )

____________________________________.

70

3) We didn’t get ready for the party. ( yet ) ___________________________________________.

4) Have you ever visited an orphanage? ( last year ) ______________________________________.

5) Uncle Tom took me to the school today. ( already ) _______________________________________.

6) Dorothy has just watered the flowers. ( two minutes ago ) ________________________________.

7) They have never been to Bangkok. ( in the past ) ____________________________________.

8) Haven’t you put on your jacket yet? ( in the morning ) __________________________________.

9) The clients have complained about the products for hours. ( this afternoon ) _____________________________________________.

10) I didn’t play chess last year. ( since ) _____________________________________________.

11) The children didn’t turn back from the school. ( yet ) _____________________________________________.

12) My father has just come in. ( one minute ago )_____________________________________________.

13) Susan didn’t spend her summer in Italy last year. ( never )_____________________________________________.

D) Write sentences using present perfect or past simple tensea) Mr Jones /work/ for my father /for 15 years.b) Juliette /start/to teach at the school in 2009.c) The girls /ask/ the teacher / some questions.d) Christopher /want/to buy the iPod /yesterday.e)Mathew /travel/ to Germany/ 3 weeks ago.f)Hector /understand/ the problems/already.g)Alice /drink/ a glass of orange juice.h)She /not have/ wash/ her hair this morning.i) Nuria /enjoy/ the school play/ last Saturday.j) Lawrence/take/ the books /to the library.

E) Present perfect or simple past?1. I ___________ (see) the twins in town last week.2. _____________________(you/ever/meet) her brother?3. Where __________________(you/be) last weekend?4. ______________ (you/see) Kathleen?5. We ________________ (not/go) on holiday last year.6. I love clothes. I ______________ (buy) a lot this year.7. What _____________ (you/do) last weekend?8. Dad ______________ (repair) the car, you can use it now.9. Agatha Christie _____________ (live) from 1890 to 1976.

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10. Granny still _________________ (not/find) her glasses.11. Where ______________ (you/buy) your laptop?12. Oh! You ______________ (paint) the kitchen, I like the colour.13. What time _______________ (you/get) home last night?14. Emma! Your letter ________________ (arrive) at last!15. The weather ______________ (be) good all week.16. I _______________ (finish) work early yesterday.17. Sue’s not here, she _______________ (go) out.18. The weather ____________ (not/be) very good last week.19. We ______________ (be) to the cinema twice this month.20. Brian ____________ (live) in England until the age of 14.

F) Match the beginnings with the correct endings:

1. I didn‘t browse a) I don‘t know the time.2. Have you ever left a cafe b) the morning show yesterday?3. Did you see c) his job now he is unemployed.4. I lived in d) the Internet last week.5. Have you seen e) the radio five minutes ago.6. My clock stopped f) Paris twenty years ago.7. I have broken g) without paying?8. He turned on h) the morning show this morning?9. My watch has stopped i) my leg skiing in the mountains.10. I read the book j) when I was at school.11. We haven‘t browsed k) yesterday without paying?12. Did you leave a cafe l) at midnight.13. I have lived here m) it is very interesting.14. My father lost n) the Internet since our computer broke.15. I have read the book o) since 1999.16. He has lost p) his job in May.17. You have turned off q) in a skiing accident last year.18. Did you have r) the telly i can‘t hear anything.19. He broke his leg s) your breakfast in the morning?20. Have you had t) your dinner today?

~ Overall review ~ CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER 1.- Lucy ………. to Australia by plane next month. a) are going b) is going) c) goes2.- Miriam ………. Maths at university ten years ago. a) study b) studied c) is studying3.- Williams ……… .swimming in the sea last Saturday. a)were b) was c) weren’t4.- Hector .…… good marks at the final exams. a)get b)getting c) got5.- …….. John …….. his grandfather last night? a)do … call b)does …..call c)did …call

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6.- Sheila ………. the teacher some questions now. a)ask b)asked c)is asking7.- My father is ……… than your father. a)strong b)the strongest c)stronger8.-Elisa is as ……… as her brother. a)cleverer b)clever c)the cleverest9.-Silver is ….….. expensive than gold. a)more b)less c)much10.-The train is ……… than the bus. a)early b)earlier c)the earliest11.-My team is very good. I think we …….. win the next match. a)will b)are c)won’t12.-My uncle ……on holidays tomorrow afternoon. a)are going b)is going c)aren’t going13.-Look! There are clouds in the sky. It …….. rain soon. a)won’t b)will c)is14.-How do you go to school? a)on foot b)the car c) bus15.-How ……….is a kilogram of apples? a)many b) often c)much16.- a)The girl’s cats are white b)The cats’ girl are white c)The girl’s cats is white 17.-There aren’t …….. cinemas here. a)much b)many c)a little18.- There isn’t …….. sugar in my tea. a)many b)much c) a19.-Does the boy wear …… uniform for school? a)an b)a c)some20.-The secretary …….. all the letters yesterday. a)send b) is sending c)sent21.-Julio ……… in this town for 20 years. a)have lived b)has live c)has lived22.-Where ……… your sister born? a)was b)were c)are 23.-I have just …….. my homework. a) finish b)finishing c)finished24.-My dad ……. already ……….. home. a)have ….. came b) has….. come c)has came25.-My neighbours are ……… noisy at weekends. a)enough b)too 26.-Thomas isn’t ……. enough to reach the shelf. a) short b)tall c) strong27.-Charles …….. up very early yesterday. a) woke b)wakes c) is waking28.-Mrs Dorrit ……..... in my school since 1998. a) have taught b)has taught29.-The cinema isn’t ………. the park. a) near b) far c)between30.-Roberto is very friendly. He has …….. friends. a)much b)many c)little31.-I’m very thirsty. a) Can I have a water? b)Can you give me something to drink?32-At 5,30 my friend Paul ……..with his mum. a)were shopping b)wasn’t shopping 33.-Patricia ……… lost in the big city in 2011. a)get b)got c)is getting34.-His father often ………. me a lift to work. a)gives b)giving c)give35.- a) I have never flown by helicopter b)I have never fly by helicopter36.-Probably ……. peace in the world soon. a )there will be b) there isn’t37.-Frederick ……. Law at university. a) will studies b)will study c)wont’ studying38.-If Sarah …… her leg, she won’t play tennis. a) hurt b)hurts c)hurting39.-The student won’t pass the exam unless he ……… harder. a)study b) studying c)studies40.-If the boy doesn’t run fast, he …….. win the race. a) won’t b)will c) don’t

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPRIATE VERBAL TENSE.1.- Josephine ………….. (eat) two bananas for lunch yesterday.2.- My cat never ……..(sleep) in my bed.3.- Jim is a scientist. He ………….. (study) extreme weather.4.- Have you ever been …………. (trap) in a lift?5.- Police …………..(look) for the missing child.6.-Today is my mother’s birthday, so I …………. (buy) her a good present.

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7.- The children ………….. (swim) in the sea when it ………….. (start) to rain.8.- Many students ………… (wear) costumes for the festival.9.- The tornado ……….… (hit) the little town two years ago.10.- We …………. (go) to take paper, bottles and cans to special recycling containers.11.-They chose a name for the dog while they………………… (walk) in the park.12.- Patrick ………….. (learn) Spanish at school.13.- Lorena and her father often ………. (go) to the National Museum on Saturday afternoon.14.- Raymond ……….. just………. (come) home.15.- My brother ……….(be) angry with me because I ……….. (forget) his birthday.16.- The exam was difficult because I ………… (not study) the day before.17.- I ………… (give) you a prescription for your sore throat.18.-Thomas ….......... (find) the treasure if he asked his friends.19.-………….. you……….. (do) the project yet?20.-Margaret ………….. (not visit) her sister in London last month.21.-If I were you, I ……………….(not marry) Tony. He doesn’t love you.

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PRACTICEpast perfect simple/continuous

I. Write the past participle (3rd form) of the following irregular verbs.1. speak - 2. catch - 3. eat -

4. understand - 5. begin -

II. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (positive).1. I lost the key that he (give) _____________________ to me. 2. She told me that she (see) ____________________ a ghost. 3. I went downstairs because I (hear) ___________________ a noise. 4. When they came home, Sue (cook) ___________________ dinner already. 5. We could not send you a postcard because we (forget) ___________________ our address book. III. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (negative).1. The waiter served something that we (not / order) _______________________. 2. He went to Alaska where he (not / be) _______________________ before. 3. She put on the red dress, which she (not / wear) ___________________ for ages. 4. He (not / play) ________________________tennis before that day. 5. His mother was angry because he (not / help) _______________________ her with the shopping. IV. Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.1. (you / finish) your homework before you went to the cinema? 2. (why / you / clean) the bathroom before you bathed the dog? 3. (you / have) breakfast before you came here? 4. (she / find) a place to stay when she went to Boston? 5. (where / she / live) before she moved to Chicago? V. Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive).1. We (sleep) ________________________ for 12 hours when he woke us up. 2. They (wait) ________________________ at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived. 3. We (look for) _______________________ her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom. 4. I (not / walk) ________________________ for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain. 5. How long (learn / she) ___________________ English before she went to London? 6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) ____________________ in the rain too long. 7. He (drive) ___________________________ less than an hour when he ran out of petrol. 8. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) ____________________ on the farm all day. 9. I (not / work) ______________________ all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night. 10. They (cycle) ______________________ all day so their legs were sore in the evening. VI. Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple.

1. The pupils talked about the film they (watch) ………………………… . 2. I was late for work because I (miss) ……………………… the bus. 3. We lived in the house that my father (build) ……………………………… . 4. We admired the picture that Lucy (paint) …………………………… . 5. They watered the trees that they (plant) ………………………………… . 6. The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils (write) ……………………………. . 7. I received a good mark in my test because I (practise) ……………………………...…..…………….. on ego4u. 8. The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I (order) ……………………………….. . 9. I had to clean the floor because my cats (knock) ………………………….……………..… over the flower pots. 10. My friend was in hospital because she (slip) ………………………………………………….. on a banana skin

VII. Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple. Use the negative form.1. In the shopping centre, I met a friend who I (see / not) ………………………………………..………… for ages. 2. The thief could walk right into the house because you (lock / not) ……………………………………... the door. 3. We lost the match because we (practise / not) ……………………………………………….….. the days before. 4. At school, Jim quickly copied the homework that he (do / not) …………………………………………………… . 5. We ate at a restaurant last night because I (buy / not) …………………………….…………anything for dinner.

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6. When we came back, it was cold in the house because Alice (close / not) ……….……………….the windows. 7. All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I (greet / not) …………………………………..…….him first. 8. When I met Jane at eleven o’clock, she (have / not) ………………………………….……………. breakfast yet. 9. I couldn’t go to the cinema with my friends last night because I (finish / not) ……………………………….

…………………. my homework yet. 10. Fred answered my question although I (ask / not) …………………………………………………………….. him.

VIII. Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.1. (what / Bob / do) ………………………………………………………………….. that he was kept in after school? 2. (you / eat) …………………………………………...…………………… anything before you went to the theatre? 3. (he / live) …………………………………………..……………………. in London before he moved to Glasgow? 4. (she / find) ……………………………………………………………………………….…… a new job by that time? 5. (they / book) …………………………………………...………………………. a room before they went to Dublin? 6. (how often / you / ring) ……………………………...……………………. the bell before he answered the door? 7. (why / they / have) ……………………………...………………………….. dinner before they came to the party? 8. (Carly / wash) …………………………………………………………….. the dishes when her mum came home? 9. (you / read) ………………………………………………………………………. the contract before you signed it? 10. (who / live) ………………………………………………...…………………….. in the house before we moved in?

IX. Put the verbs into the correct form .1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) ………………………………………………….…………….. 2. He (not / be) …………………………………………………………………………….. to Cape Town before 1997. 3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) ……………………………….……………………. her homework. 4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) ……………………………………………………..………… . 5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) …………………………...……………………. six weeks before. 6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) ………………………………………………………….…………… . 7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) ………………………………….…………………… the week before. 8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) ……………………………………………………… from the tree. 9. (he / phone) …………………………………………………………. Angie before he went to see her in London? 10. She (not / ride) …………………………………………………………………..………….. a horse before that day.

PRACTICE IIIPresent Perfect Simple / ContinuousComplete the sentences with correct form of the verbs. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. Use short forms where possible.

1 How long _______flu? (have)

2 We _______the house all morning. (clean)

3 I _______abroad for a year, but now I'm going home. (live)

4 Ouch! I _______my finger on the oven!. (burn)

5 Alan _______French since September. (learn)

6 How long _______Jim? (you go out with) Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous Mr. Smith: So tell me a little bit about yourself, Mr. Harris. I would like to find out a little bit more about your background. Mr. Harris: I (work) _____________________________ in the insurance industry for over ten years. I worked for Met Life for six years and World Insurance for four and a half. During that time, I heard many good things about Hollings

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Life Insurance and that's why I (apply) __________________________________ for the new sales position. Mr. Smith: Tell me a little about your hobbies and interests. Mr. Harris: In my spare time, I hike in the mountains outside of town, volunteer at the Sierra Club and play tennis. In fact, I (compete) ________________________________________ in a tennis tournament this weekend. Mr. Smith: Really, how long (you, play) __________________________________ tennis?Mr. Harris: I (play) ____________________________________ since high school. I love the sport.Mr. Smith: Great! We like dedication here at Hollings Life. You mentioned you volunteer at the Sierra Club. I (work, currently) _____________________________________ with them on the sea turtle project. We (try) __________________________________ to create a wildlife sanctuary near the bay.Mr. Harris: Do you know Frank Harris? He's my brother. He (work, presently) ____________________________ on the same project.Mr. Smith: I know Frank quite well. Any brother of Frank's would be a welcome addition to Hollings Life. Just one more thing, we (look) ____________________________________ for somebody who is fluent in Spanish; many of our clients are from Mexico.Mr. Harris: No problem. I (study) _______________________________ Spanish since elementary school. Mr. Smith: Sounds like you are the perfect candidate. Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous 1. It (rain) _________________ all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the beach. 2. A: Where is Gary?B: He (study, at the library) _______for his German test on Wednesday. In fact, he (review) ____________________ for the test every day for the last week.3. You look really great! (You, exercise) __________________________ at the fitness center?4. Frank, where have you been? We (wait) __________________________ for you since 1 P.M..5.A: What is that sound?B: A car alarm (ring) ___________________ somewhere down the street. It (drive) _____________________ me crazy - I wish it would stop! It (ring) _____________________ for more than twenty minutes.6. Joseph's English (improve, really) ________________________ , isn't it? He (watch) ____________________________ American television programs and (study) ______________________________ his grammar every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent. 7. A: You look a little tired. (You, get) ___________________________ enough sleep lately?B: Yes, I (sleep) ____________________________ relatively well. I just look tired because I (feel) ______________________ a little sick for the last week.A: I hope you feel better soon. B: Thanks. I (take, currently) ________________________ some medicine, so I should feel better in a couple of days.Simple Past / Present Perfect 1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars"? B: I don't know. I (see, never) _______that movie. 2. Sam (arrive) _______in San Diego a week ago. 3. My best friend and I (know) _______each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week. 4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) _______ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway. 5. I (have, not) _______this much fun since I (be) _______a kid. 6. Things (change) _______a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start) _______working here three years ago, the company (have, only) _______six employees. Since then, we (expand) _______to include more than 2000 full-time workers. 7. I (tell) _______him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) _______off into the forest and (be) _______bitten by a snake. 8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) _______the bus this morning. You (be) _______late to work too many times. You are fired! 9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) _______the ocean. He should come with us to Miami. 10. How sad! George (dream) _______of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see, never)

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_______the ocean.11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) _______much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) _______two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) _______very rough and often dangerous. Things (change) _______a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours. 12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) _______since the last time I (see) _______you. You (grow) _______at least a foot! 13. This tree (be) _______planted by the settlers who (found) _______our city over four hundred years ago. 14. This mountain (be, never) _______climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try) _______to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) _______. The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) _______trying to reach the summit. 15. I (visit, never) _______Africa, but I (travel) _______to South America several times. The last time I (go) _______to South America, I (visit) _______Brazil and Peru. I (spend) _______two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) _______for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) _______over the Nazca Lines. Simple Past / Present Perfect Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) _______a great deal. The first computers (be) _______simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) _______much memory and they (be, not) _______very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay) _______thousands of dollars for machines which actually (do) _______very little. Most computers (be) _______separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games. Times (change) _______. Computers (become) _______powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers (create) _______a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) _______faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) _______on the Internet and (begin) _______communicating with other computer users around the world. We (start) _______to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) _______into an international World Wide Web of knowledge. Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous 1. A: How long (be) _______in Canada?B: I (study) _______here for more than three years.2. I (have) _______the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.3. I (love) _______chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic".4. Matt and Sarah (have) _______some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they (go) _______to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.5. John (work) _______for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he (enjoy) _______his work, but now he is talking about retiring.6. Lately, I (think) _______about changing my career because I (become) _______dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.7. I (see) _______Judy for more than five years and during that time I have (see) _______many changes in her personality. Simple Past / Past Perfect

I can't believe I (get)______________ that apartment. I (submit)__________________ my application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I (show)___________________ up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people who (arrive)__________________ before me. Most of them (fill, already) _________________out their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.

I (try)____________________ to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They (want) __________________________me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I (have)_______________________ some problems with him and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I (end)______________________________ up listing my father as a reference.

It was total luck that he (decide) _____________________ to give me the apartment. It turns out that the landlord and my father (go) ______________________ to high school together. He decided that I could have the apartment before he (look)___________________ at my credit report. I really lucked out!

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Past Perfect / Past Perfect ContinuousI'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I (try) ______________________ to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) ______________________ five cups of coffee and I (wait) __________________ over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange)____________________ to meet Kathy in front of the theater.When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) ___________________ up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) ______________________ for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost) ___________________ up and (go) ________________ into the theater without us.

Kathy told me you (be) _______________________ late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss) ______________________ several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time!

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TENSE REVIEW

Exercitii cu Present Simple si Present Continuous

1.Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Simple) la interogativ si negativ: Nota: Verbul „to have", atunci când nu inseamna „a avea, a poseda", ci este parte dintr-o expresie (to have breakfast, to have a shower, to have a party), formeaza negativul si interogativul cu ajutorul auxiliarului „to do".

1. I love my brother. 2. She talks too much.

3. I understand you.

4. You play the piano very well.

5. I always believe you.

6. He remembers my phone number.

7. They live in Bucharest.

8. He has a hot bath every day.

9. I trust my friend.

10. I have lunch at one o’clock.

2. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Continuous) la negativ si interogativ:

1. It is raining. 2. I am having a walk.

3. He is telling the truth.

4. You are typing a letter.

5. They are swimming in the river.

6. My friend is wearing a new dress.

7. My mother is resting.

8. We are studying English.

9. Ann is knitting.

10. The child is learning to play the piano.

3. Puneti verbele din paranteze la Present Simple sau la Present Continuous:

1. I (not go) shopping because it (rain). 2. What you (do) on Sundays?

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3. He usually (drink) coffee but now he (drink) tea.

4. In England it often (rain).

5. I (not like) that boy.

6. He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him.

7. You (like) this book?

8. You (dream) at night? - Yes, I (dream) every night.

9. I can’t answer the phone now because I (cook).

10. How you usually (get) to work? - I usually (go) by bus, but now I (take) a taxi because I am late.

11. The manager can’t receive you now as he (have) an interview.

12. You (write) to John now? - Yes, I (be). I always (write) to him on his birthday.

13. Where you (hurry)? - To the theatre, as I (not want) to miss the first act.

14. She always (borrow) books from me and never (remember) to give them back.

15. You (go) to work every day? - Yes, of course, except Saturdays and Sundays.

16. Why you (smoke) so much?

17. Who you (wait) for? - I (wait) for John, but he is late, as usual.

18. I always (have) a rest after lunch.

19. What you (think) of? - I (think) of my mother just now.

20. You (know) what time is it?

4. Traduceti in limba engleza:

1. Iarna ninge. 2. Duminica el nu se scoala devreme.

3. Eu nu studiez seara.

4. Ce faci? Citesti sau privesti la televizor?

5. Secretara tocmai bate la masina un referat.

6. Ea merge la cumparaturi sâmbata.

7. Acum imi fac temele la engleza.

8. Nu-mi place cafeaua.

9. Ce carte citesti?

10. La ce ora se scoala John dimineata? 81

11. Ce faci tu in zilele libere?

12. Cui ii telefonezi?

13. El nu merge la scoala cu metroul, merge pe jos.

14. De ce deschizi fereastra?

15. Adesea citesc carti englezesti.

16. Ea isi face bagajul.

17. Cât de des le scrii parintilor tai?

18. Când merg la mare imi place sa inot mult.

19. Clientul tocmai isi alege o pereche de pantofi.

5. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of words given:1. I __________ (read) a very interesting book now.2. Joanne __________ (work) eight hours a day.3. Tonight we __________ (see) a play at the theatre.4. Who __________ you __________ (speak) to now?5. I __________ (not know) him very well.6. What will you do if she __________ (come) late?7. My wife __________ (like) coffee for breakfast.8. What __________ Tom usually __________(have) for breakfast?9. Your train __________ (leave) at 17.25 from platform 3.10. What __________ Mary __________ (do) ? She's a student.11. My whole family _____________(go) to church once a week.12. My wife and I _______________(go) to the beach in the summer.13. Listen! The phone ______________(ring) in the other room.14. Rain seldom ______________(fall) in the Sahara. 15. He is thirteen years old now, and his voice ___________________(change). 16. Let's change the conversation. It _______________(get) too serious.17. Leap year ________________(come) every four years. 18. My grandfather ______________(grow) tomatoes in his garden this summer.19. He ______________(grow) them every summer . 20. The children ____________________(leave) for school right now. 21. The children ________________(leave) at 8:30 every morning of the week.22. Shu! The baby ____________________(take) her nap. 23. In the north the season __________________(change) four times a year .24. Unfortunately, the patient ____________________ (die). 25. The monsoon ___________________(come) once or twice a year.26. It's spring and the days ___________________(get) longer. 27. The weather ___________(get) very cold in Moscow in the winter.28. It _______________(rain) hard, and I don't have an umbrella.29. It's November and the birds _________________(fly) south. 30. Many birds of Europe ___________(fly) south to Africa every winter.

Exercitii cu Past Tense Simple si Continuous

1.Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii la Past Tense Simple:

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1. I sleep until 9 o’clock every day. 2. He meets John on Sundays.

3. You speak English well.

4. You drink too much.

5. You ask too many questions.

6. I play football.

7. I own two umbrellas.

8. I like to have a coffee in the morning.

9. That sounds interesting.

10. I always make cakes on Sundays.

2.Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii la negativ si interogativ:

1. He thought about you. 2. They drank all the wine.

3. I hated him.

4. He changed his library book every day.

5. I sold my car.

6. We worked very hard.

7. He came home late.

8. I enjoyed travelling.

9. He translated the text.

10. He forbade her to do this.

3.Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Tense Simple sau Continuous:

1. When you (come in), I (talk) on the phone. 2. When I first (meet) him, he (work) in a bank.

3. While he (learn) to drive, he (have) an accident.

4. As I (write), someone (ring up).

5. Where you (go) when I (meet) you?

6. What you (do) this time yesterday?

7. When I (enter) the classroom, the teacher (write) on the blackboard.

8. When I (arrive), she (have) dinner. 83

9. This time last Sunday, I (watch) a film on TV.

10. He suddenly (realize) that he (not wear) his glasses.

4.Traduceti in limba engleza:

1. Soarele nu a apus la ora 8 aseara. 2. Ai dormit bine noaptea trecuta?

3. Ieri nu am mers la bazinul de inot.

4. M-am sculat târziu ieri dimineata.

5. Duminica trecuta prietenii mei au jucat sah.

6. Ieri pe vremea asta ploua.

7. Ce faceai martea trecuta la ora 7 dimineata?

8. Ma pregateam sa merg la facultate.

9. In timp ce imi cautam pasaportul am gasit aceasta fotografie veche.

10. Baietii jucau carti când l-au auzit pe tatal lor intrând in casa.

11. Ei au ascuns imediat cartile si si-au scos manualele de scoala.

12. Când te-ai intors de la munte?

13. Când ai cumparat acest televizor?

14. Ieri mi-am pierdut manusile.

15. Batea un vânt puternic când am iesit din casa.

16. Unde ti-ai petrecut concediul vara trecuta?

17. Ieri m-am sculat devreme, mi-am luat micul dejun si apoi am plecat la scoală.

18. Acum doua zile am cazut si mi-am rupt piciorul.

19. Saptamâna trecuta am fost bolnav si nu am mers la scoala.

20. El a dat primul examen saptamâna trecuta.

21. Cine a câstigat meciul alaltăieri?

22. In timp ce ploua, eu conduceam masina spre Sinaia.

Exercitii cu Present Perfect Simple si Continuous

1.Folositi Present Perfect Simple in locul infinitivelor din paranteze:

1. Where you (be)? I (be) to the market. 2. You (water) the flowers?

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3. He just (leave) home.

4. I (lend) him some money today.

5. There isn’t any train service because the engine – drivers (go) on strike.

6. Would you like a cake?

7. No, thank you, I just (have) one.

8. I already (see) this film.

9. He (not come) home yet.

10. I (not be) to the seaside this year.

11. I (buy) a new house. You must come and see it.

12. You (visit) the Village Museum?

13. You ever (eat) caviar?

14. I (not write) to my friend for three months.

15. It (not rain) since December.

16. You ever (drive) a car?

17. He always (rely on) his friend.

18. You (read) Sorescu’s last book?

19. You (pay) the telephone bill?

20. He (not go) to bed yet.

21. How long you (live) here?

22. I (live) here for one year.

2.Folositi Present Perfect Simple sau Continuous in locul infinitivelor din paranteze:

1. He (fish) for two hours but he (catch) nothing yet. 2. We (know) each other for several years.

3. The radio (play) since 7 a.m. I’m tired of it.

4. I (shop) all day and I want to have a rest now.

5. How long you (wear) glasses?

6. I (cook) all the morning.

7. How many dishes you (cook)?

8. Why you (be) in the garden so long?

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9. I (water) the flowers.

10. He (sleep) for 10 hours now. It’s time we woke him up.

11. I (ask) you to clean your room for two days. When are you going to do it?

12. Ever since that woman came to work here, she (try) to make trouble.

3.Folositi Present Perfect Simple sau Continuous sau Past Tense Simple in locul infinitivelor:

1. I (lose) my pen. You (not see) it anywhere? -No, I haven’t. When you (use) it last? 2. Your ever (try) to give up smoking? -Yes, I (try) last year but I (not succeed).

3. You (see) your mother this week? -No, she (leave) for Brasov a week ago.

4. You (be) out of work long?

5. I am not out of work now. I (get) a job last month.

6. I (wear) my hair long since I (be) a little girl.

7. She (change) a lot since I (see) her last.

8. I (do) a lot of work since I (get up) in the morning.

9. The child (play) the piano since I (return) from school.

10. It (rain) since we (leave) Bucharest.

11. He (be) very ill since the holidays (begin).

4.Traduceti in limba engleza folosind Past Tense Simple sau Present Perfect Simple sau Continuous:

1. Cine te-a invatat sa vorbesti engleza atât de bine? 2. Unde ti-ai petrecut vacanta anul acesta?

3. M-am gândit adesea sa-mi iau carnet de conducere.

4. De cât timp inveti engleza?

5. Vremea s-a incalzit in ultimul timp.

6. El este ministru de doi ani.

7. Traduc un text de doua ore si nu l-am terminat inca.

8. El a scris numai doua scrisori de când a plecat in strainatate.

9. Un copil a spart geamul. Trebuie sa-l inlocuim.

10. Ninge de doua ore.

11. Am mers pe jos 10 km pâna acum.

12. Mergem pe jos de la ora 3.

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13. De când mi-am cumparat masina, am mers arareori pe jos la slujba.

14. La ce te-ai uitat?

15. A fost un accident.

16. Cu cine ai votat la ultimele alegeri?

17. Nu am mers la vot. Am stat acasa si nu am regretat nici o clipa.

18. Ai vazut ziarul de azi?

19. A plecat John?

20. Da, a plecat acum o ora.

21. Ti-ai luat deja micul dejun?

22. Da, l-am luat la ora 8.

23. Ai mai fost in acest oras?

24. Da, am petrecut o luna aici, acum doi ani.

25. Ei lucreaza la aceasta casa de un an si nu au terminat-o inca.

Exercitii cu Past Perfect Simple si Continuous

1.Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Perfect Simple:

1. After they (finish) dinner, they drank some coffee. 2. She said she already (be) to England.

3. He asked me whether I (meet) John before.

4. She discovered her child (not tell) the truth.

5. He told me he (catch) some fish on that day.

6. At 3 o’clock on Friday, I (return) from school.

7. The house was much smaller then he (think) at first.

8. The fire (spread) to the next building when the firemen arrived.

9. We were shocked to hear she (not pass) the exam.

10. The child (eat) all the cakes before his mother became aware of it.

2.Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Perfect Continuous:

1. When I left home, it (rain) for one hour. 2. When we met them, they (wait) for the bus for half an hour.

3. When I arrived home, mother (cook) for two hours.

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4. When she sat for the exam, she (study) the subject for a week.

5. When I rang her up, she (write) letters for one hour.

6. When she decided to have a rest, she (clean) and (dust) for 5 hours.

7. After Jane (swim) for half an hour, she felt chilly.

8. When I called on her unexpectedly, I realized she (have) a party.

9. When we reached the top, we (climb) for 7 hours.

10. When we arrived at Sinaia, somebody told us it (rain) for hours.

3.Puneti verbele din paranteza la Past Perfect Simple sau Continuous sau la Past Tense Simple:

1. The professor (speak) for 10 minutes when I (enter) the hall. 2. After John (listen to) the news bulletin, he (go) downstairs to have dinner.

3. He (tell) me he (be) to the theatre the day before.

4. We (ask) him what countries he (visit).

5. He (learn) English for two years before he (go) to England for the first time.

6. She just (go) out when I (call at) her house.

7. The river became deeper after it (rain) heavily for a few hours.

8. After John (leave), she (tell) me they (be) friends for five years.

9. After we (walk) for an hour, we (realize) we (lose) our way.

10. When I (find out) he (get married), I (ring up) him and (congratulate) him.

3.Traduceti in limba engleza folosind Past Perfect Simple sau Continuous sau Past Tense Simple:

1. Mi-a parut rau ca il jignisem. 2. El mi-a multumit pentru ceea ce facusem pentru el.

3. De indata ce a terminat de scris lucrarea, a inmânat-o profesorului.

4. El nu facuse nimic inainte de a-mi cere mie sfatul.

5. De indata ce au plecat musafirii, am mers la culcare.

6. Când am ajuns la statia de autobuz, mi-am dat seama ca imi lasasem poseta acasa.

7. Secretara mi-a spus ca directorul vorbea la telefon de o jumatate de ora.

8. Ei mi-au spus ca locuiau in Franta din 1980.

9. Nu ti-am telefonat pentru ca am crezut ca plecasesi in strainatate.

10. Ei au calatorit in multe tari dupa ce s-au casatorit.

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Exercitii cu timpurile „Future"

1.Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Future Simple:

1. I (know) the results in three days’ time. 2. You (be) in London tomorrow.

3. You (recognize) him when you see him?

4. I (remember) this day all my life.

5. I am sure you (like) this book.

6. He (be) pleased if you invite him.

7. I am sure I (succeed).

8. You (remember) to post my letter?

9. I hope I (pass) the exam.

10. You (not find) a solution if you don’t know the whole truth.

2.Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Future Continuous:

1. This time next month, I (swim) in the sea. 2. When you reach Sinaia, it probably (rain).

3. Don’t ring her up at 8 o’clock p.m. She (watch) TV.

4. You (need) the vacuum cleaner tomorrow or may I borrow it?

5. I am sure when I arrive home, the baby (cry).

6. Let’s hurry to the beach. The sun (rise) in 10 minutes.

7. He (study) all day tomorrow.

8. This time next day, we (climb) the mountain.

9. Tomorrow morning at 8 o’clock, I (have) breakfast.

10. Don’t expect me home for dinner, I (work) at the office till late at night.

3. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Future Perfect Simple sau Continuous:

1. In a week’s time, we (take) our exam. 2. I (finish) reading the newspapers by lunch time.

3. Next year, they (be married) for 25 years.

4. If we don’t hurry, the sun (rise) before we reach the beach.

5. By the end of the season, one hundred thousand people (spend) their holidays at the seaside.

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6. By the time you come home, I (cook) for two hours.

7. When I take the exam, I (read) all the books on the bibliography list.

8. By the beginning of next week, I (work) on this paper for a month.

9. By 5 o’clock, you (see) all the exhibits in the museum.

10. By the end of the month, I (pay off) all my debts.

4. Traduceti in limba engleza folosind unul din tipurile de viitor:

1. Pâna anul viitor pe vremea aceasta, vor fi economisit 5 milioane. 2. Ce faci mâine dimineata la ora 11?

3. Voi vizita târgul international.

4. Am cumparat o masina de scris si voi invata sa bat.

5. Pâna la sfârsitul lunii, voi fi vazut acest film de 5 ori.

6. Trenul va fi plecat inainte de a ajunge noi la gara.

7. Pâna la ora 1, ea va fi terminat curatenia in casa.

8. Vineri, intre orele 12 si 1, ei vor avea ultima ora de engleza.

9. El va studia in biblioteca luni de la ora 1 la 5.

10. Din cauza grevei soferilor de autobuze multa lume va merge pe jos la slujba, mâine.

11. Uite ce am cumparat la o licitatie!

12. E un obiect frumos. Unde il vei pune?

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ADVERBUL

Adverbe de mod

- arata modul in care se petrece o actiune

Mod de formare: de obicei, aceste adverbe se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -ly la finalul unui adjectiv.

Exemple:

beautiful —> beautifully sad —> sadly

capable —> capably

slow —> slowly

easy —> easily

Adverbe de loc

- arata locul in care se petrece o actiune

Exemple: here, there, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, outside, inside

Adverbe de timp

- arata timpul in care se petrece o actiune

Exemple: today, yesterday, tomorrow, Saturday, Monday, now, finally, later, soon, just, still

Adverbe de durata

- arata perioada de timp a unei actiuni

Exemple: forever, shortly, long, permanently

Adverbe de comparatie

- arata gradul de intensitate al unei actiuni

Exemple: extremely, greatly, hugely, partially, perfectly, strongly, totally, almost, very, entirely

Adverbe de frecventa

- arata gradul de repetabilitate al unei actiuni

Exemple: always, constantly, often, rarely, regularly, seldom, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, never

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Adverbe de probabilitate

- arata gradul de probabilitate a unei actiuni

Exemple: certainly, perhaps, maybe, possibly, definitely Comparison of Adverbs Similar to the comparison of adjectives, adverbs have three degrees of comparison – the Positive, the Comparative and the Superlative. Most adverbs which end in ‘-ly’ form the Comparative with ‘more’ and the Superlative with ‘most’.

Positive Comparative Superlativecomfortably more comfortably most comfortablyhappily more happily most happilykindly more kindly most kindlyloudly more loudly most loudlynoisily more noisily most noisily

Forming Adverbs Adverbs can be formed from nouns, adjectives and verbs. Most adverbs end in ‘-ly’. Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbsbeauty beautifullysuccess successfully angry angrily foolish foolishly continue continually know knowingly

PRACTICE

1. Transformati urmatoarele adjective in adverbe:

horrible —> careful —>

nervous —>

desperate —>

slow —>

sudden —>

bright —>

proud —>

2. Subliniati termenul corect din urmatoarele propozitii si traduceti:

Denisa was wearing a pretty / prettily dress at the wedding. I had a terrible / terribly dream last night.

Final / Finally, she passed the exam.

She was walking rapid / rapidly.

Sam is fluent / fluently in French.

Was your grammar test easy / easily?

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They were talking loud / loudly so everybody could hear them.

3) Alegeti varianta corecta:

1. Please don’t talk so .................... . I’m trying to sleep.

a) louder; b) loudest; c) loudly

2. We .................... go on picnics on weekends. We love fresh air.

a) never; b) usually; c) seldom

3. The bouquet was .................... . She loved it.

a) beautiful; b) beautifully; c) ugly.

4. James .................... put the broken glass into the rubbish bin.

a) careful; b) more carefully; c) carefully

4. Find the adjective in the first sentence and fill the gap with the adverb.1. Joanne is happy. She smiles ………….. 2. The boy is loud. He shouts ………………. 3. Her English is fluent. She speaks English …………... 4. Our mum was angry. She spoke to us …………... 5. My neighbour is a careless driver. He drives ………………. 6. The painter is awful. He paints ……………... 7. Jim is a wonderful piano player. He plays the piano …………………. 8. This girl is very quiet. She often sneaks out of the house …………….. 9. She is a good dancer. She dances really ……………….. 10. This exercise is simple. You ……………… have to put one word in each space.

5. Compare the following adverbs.

Example: newly - __________ - __________

Answer: newly - more newly - most newly

1) fast- 2) well - 3) carefully - 4) often - 5) badly - 6) hard - 7) clearly - 8) little - 9) much - 10) early -

6. Is the underlined word an adverb or not?

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Partea superioară a machetei1. Be careful! The iron is very hot.

2. A microwave can cook food fast.

3. Jun sang very loudly.

4. This bacon is lovely!

5. Joe dresses very informally.

6. She's a very strange woman!

7. I'm free tomorrow. Shall we meet at five?

8. Jan is very helpful if you have a problem with your computer.

9. Sam walks very shakily, because he's getting old.

10. I get up early every morning.

7. Adjective or adverb?

1. She shouted ___ at him.a. angryb. angrily

2. He is a __ worker.a. carelessb. carelessly

3. If you ask ___, I will give it to you.a. niceb. nicely

4. Be Quiet! I can't think ___ if you are talking.a. clearb. clearly

5. Why are you ___?a. angryb. angrily

6. You are always so ___, come on!a. slowb. slowly

7. Those chocolates look ___. Can I have one?a. niceb. nicely

8. She opened the door ___.a. slowb. slowly

9. It is a beautiful __ day.a. clearb. clearly

10. You write so ___. Look at these mistakes.a. carelessb. carelessly

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NUMERALUL

Tradu în limba engleză:

1. 2 au mers la şcoală. 2. În clasă sunt prezenţi doar 14 copii din 21.

3. 7 fete, 5 băieţi şi 18 părinţi sunt la mare.

4. Am fost şi eu la munte pe data de 18 mai 1973.

5. La şcoală am 4 note de 7, 12 note de 8, 3 note de 9 şi 11 note de 10.

6. Acum este ora 2:18.

Tradu in engleza1. Comisia examinează câte cinci candidaţi pe zi. 2. Propun să formăm grupuri de lucru de câte patru. 3. Decanul nu aprobă decât cererile a câte trei din fiecare grupă. 4. Am distribuit materiale la câte trei din fiecare grupă. 5. Copii, mergeţi doi câte doi! 6. Proiectul prevede restaurarea a circa 20 de clădiri. 7. În sală sunt în jur de 50 de studenţi. 8. Cât am fost plecat? Nu mai ştiu precis, cam patru luni. 9. Trebuie să luăm vreo două kilograme de fursecuri pentru atâta lume. 10. Ia şi tu două-trei kilograme de mere, sa ne ţină până luni. 11. Stăm la Sinaia o zi-două şi pe urmă mergem la Braşov. 12.Întâlnirea a durat puţin peste două ore. 13. Aici trebuie să fie mult peste patru kilograme de făină. 14. Sunt mai bine de opt kilometri până la cabană! 15. I-ai dat mai mult de un milion, ai grija cum numeri banii! 16. Până la cabană sunt opt kilometri şi mai bine! 17. Nu e aşa de mult de citit, textul ăsta are sub o sută de pagini. Scrie datele urmatoare:03.05.1965, 18.08.1957, 23.01.1970, 24.12.1943, 01.11.2000, 29.10.1999, 18.02.2005, 03.01.2001, 21.03.1884, 31.07.1211Tradu:1. Translate the first page of this text into Romanian, please. 2. My friends' daughter is in the first grade. 3. The fifth one (masc.) is a very interesting guy. 4. The fourth one (fem.) impressed me very much. 5. — Do they live on the first floor? — No, they live on the third floor. 6. At first I could not understand what he was saying. The second time he spoke to me, I understood almost

everything. 7. I like the third part of this symphony very much. 8. They did just one-third of their homework. They said they would have done it all, had they had more time. 9. The 25th exercise was very difficult. 10. Nobody read the 31st story, because it was too long.

REVISION 21. We are taking the bus to school.A. We take the bus to school every day.B. We are on the bus to school right now.C. We prefer to take the bus to school.D. We don't take the bus to school.

2. Two boys are in the park now.A. They are playing football.B. They play football.C. They do play football.D. They football play.

3. _______ they ________ to school?A. Are, goB. Are, goingC. Is, goD. Do, going

4. Tom’s father is Peter.A. Tom is Peter's father.B. Peter is Tom's father.C. Tom is a father.D. Tom doesn't have a father.

5. ________ rice do you want?A. How manyB. How lotsC. How muchD. How lot of

6. Jen and Kim _________ at school now, but they _________ at school last night.A. were, wereB. were, areC. are, weren'tD. aren't, weren't

7. Today he _______, but yesterday he _________.A. is angry, was happyB. was happy, is sadC. is bored, were excitedD. was happy, was happy

8. ________ three jackets on the chair.A. There isB. They areC. There areD. That are

9. Describe that car.A. It is a big, American, black car.B. It is an American, big, black car.C. It is a black, American, big car.D. It is a big, black, American car.

10. Peter lives _________ Toronto.A. atB. to

C. inD. of

Level 2A Questions11. My sister works for a travel agency. ________ is the manager.A. SheB. HerC. HersD. He

12. My mother always asks me to ______ the dishes.A. doB. makeC. haveD. help

13. My girlfriend ______________ two days ago.A. callB. calltC. caltD. called

14. Last Tuesday, my hockey practice ___________ at 5:00 p.m.A. begunB. beginC. beganD. begon

15. Lisa used to be fat.A. Lisa is still fat.B. Lisa was thin before. She is fat now.C. Lisa was fat before. Now she is thin.D. Lisa was never fat.

16. Peter used to play hockey.A. He plays hockey every day.B. He played hockey before. Now he doesn’t play hockey.C. He played hockey before. Now he plays hockey.D. He is accustomed to playing hockey every day.

17. Greg didn’t use to smoke.A. He didn’t smoke before. He smokes now.B. He smoked before. He doesn’t smoke now.C. He smoked before. He smokes now.D. He didn't smoke before. He doesn't smoke now.

18. They bought the shoes when they were in Toronto.A. They bought the shoes before they went to Toronto.B. They bought the shoes after they returned from Toronto.C. They wore the shoes in Toronto.D. They bought the shoes at the same time that they were in Toronto.

19. They have _____ apple and _____ banana. _____ apple is red.A. a, a, A

B. an, the, TheC. an, a, AD. an, a, The

20. Jodie wore _______ ugly dress to _______ party.A. an, theB. a, aC. a, theD. the, the

21. Which of the following is a non-count noun?A. appleB. bananaC. strawberryD. fruit

22. Larry sometimes cuts _____________ when he shaves in the morning.A. heB. himC. himselfD. his

Level 2B Questions23. The phone is ringing, ____ get it.A. I’m going toB. I’llC. I amD. I do

24. What ____ do next year?A. are you going toB. will youC. won't youD. do you

25. There is a big black cloud in the sky. I think it ________________ rain.A. willB. is going toC. won'tD. isn't going to

26. My brother is _____ Tom.A. more tall thanB. taller thanC. tallestD. as tall than

27. We went to a fortune teller. She said we __________ become rich and famous.A. is going toB. are going toC. willD. both B and C are correct

28. I am ____ now.A. confusederB. confused moreC. more confused

D. the most confused

29. Let’s meet __ the afternoon, __ 4:00.A. in, onB. at, atC. in, atD. on, at

30. My brother was born ________ November 16 _____ 1970.A. on, onB. on, inC. in, inD. in, on

31. Do you _____ to eat peanut butter?A. likeB. enjoyC. wishD. seem

Level 3A Questions32. John bought a present for his girlfriend.A. John bought it for her.B. John bought it for himself.C.John’s girlfriend bought it.D. John bought his girlfriend it.

33. Peter and Tom discussed ____at the meeting.A. to bill clientsB. billing clientsC. both a) and b)D. neither a) nor b)

34. My friends enjoy dancing.A. They enjoy to dance.B. Dancing is something we enjoy to do.C. Dancing is fun for them.D. My friends like to dancing.

35. They decided _____ when they saw the fight break out.A. to leaveB. leavingC. both a) and b)D. neither a) nor b)

36. She _____ letters while her son ___.A. was writing , was watching TVB. wrote, watched TVC. was writing, watched TV D. wrote, was watching TV

37. Peter would rather have tea than coffee.A. Peter prefers coffee.B. Peter has rather a lot of coffee.C. He would be better not to give Peter tea.D. Peter likes tea better than coffee.

38. Should I turn up the radio?A. No, it’s loud enough.

B. Yes, it’s too loud.C. Yes, it’s very loud.D. No, I can’t hear it.

39. I’d like to try on a bigger pair of pants, please. These ones are ________ small. They’re not big _________.A. too, enoughB. very, enoughC. to, enoughD. very, too

40. Tom was ____ busy to go with us.A. veryB. tooC. soD. to

41. My soup was delicious.A. How was your soup?B. Where was your soup?C. Why was your soup?D. How is your soup?

42. What were you doing when the spaceship landed?A. I slept.B. I was sleeping. C. I woke up.D. I didn’t sleep.

43. He’s very intelligent.A. What is he like?B. What does he look like?C. What does he like?D. What likes he?

44. No one answered the door. I guess ___ is home. There ___ lights on.A. none, aren’t noB. nobody, aren’t anyC. no one, are noneD. nothing, isn’t any

45. I am very full. I don’t want ________.A. nothingB. somethingC. anythingD. no more

Level 3B Questions46. They borrowed a book ____________ the library.A. toB. fromC. forD. at

47. Peter has worked at Starbucks for three years.A. Three years ago, Peter worked at Starbucks.B. Peter worked for Starbucks for three years and then quit.C. Peter works for Starbucks. He started working there 3

years ago.D. Peter worked for Starbucks 3 years ago but quit.

48. I don’t want to see that movie. I ____ it five times already.A. sawB. have seenC. seenD. have been seeing

49. We ___________ Christmas dinner __________ three hours.A. have been cooking, forB. have been cooking, sinceC. have cooked, forD. have cooked, since

50. When you don’t do your homework you get a terrible mark.A. You should not do your homework.B. You could do your homework.C. You couldn’t do your homework.D. You had better do your homework.

51. The cake is almost gone.A. Some of the cake is left.B. There isn’t any cake.C. A little of the cake has been eaten.D. Most of the cake is here.

52. Almost all of the Canadians that I know like to watch hockey.A. Most Canadians watch hockey.B. Some Canadians watch hockey.C. All Canadians watch hockey.D. One Canadian watches hockey.

53. None of the workers were taking a break.A. Not one of the workers were busy.B. No workers were working.C. A few of the workers were not taking a break.D. All of the workers were working.

54. My pen is broken. I need _____ .A. other oneB. almost one moreC. each oneD. another one

55. Maria has three dictionaries. Two are Spanish-English. _____________ one is English-English.A. OtherB. The otherC. AnotherD. Each

56. Many students study English in Canada. ____________ study French.A. OthersB. The others

C. Another oneD. Each one

Level 4A Questions57. “What are these symbols for?” “I’m not sure but they could be laundry instructions.”A. Joe has no idea if they are laundry instructions.B. Joe thinks that they might be laundry instructions.C. Joe is sure that they are not laundry instructions.D. Joe thinks that they must be laundry instructions.

58. ____ you please close the door?A. CouldB. ShallC. MightD. Do

59. That pen must be Susan’s. She was sitting at the desk.A. It must be Susan who has the pen.B. The pen ought to be Susan.C. Susan must be the owner of the pen.D. The pen had better belong to Susan.

60. If I have time, I’ll go with you.A. I have time. I’ll go with you.B. I might have time. I’ll go with you if I do.C. I don’t have time. I can’t go with you.D. I might have time. I won’t go with you.

61. I could drive there if I had a car.A. I have a car so I’ll drive there.B. I don’t have a car so I’ll drive there.C. I don’t have a car but I’d drive there if I did.D. I have a car but I won’t drive there.

62. If you let me know when your computer comes, I ______ you connect it.A. helpedB. will helpC. would helpD. could have helped

63. Susan likes pizza, _____.A. and Peter tooB. and Peter neitherC. and Peter does, tooD. and Peter does, neither

64. You’ve eaten sushi before, _____?A. didn't you

B. did youC. haven't youD. won't you

65. They didn’t pick up the tickets, ___?A. did theyB. don't theyC. didn't theyD. do they

66. I have a friend _________ loves to ski.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which

67. The girl __________ I like is very funny.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which

68. Have you read the book __I gave you?A. whereB. whenC. whichD. who

69. The dinner made me feel sick.A. The dinner which I ate made me feel sick.B. The dinner that I ate made me feel sick.C. The dinner I ate made me feel sick.D. All of the above.

70. I know the women ________ next door.A. who livesB. who liveC. that livesD. lives

VERBELE MODALE

Conceptul de capacitate, posibilitate, necesitate sau obligaţie este redat de aşa numitele "modal auxiliary verbs" : can, could, shall, should, must,will, would, need, ought to, used to, dare.

Caracteristici:

Nu au infinitiv lung Nu primesc "s" la persoana a III a singular prezent simplu

Nu primesc "-ing"

Verbele care urmează sunt la infinitiv scurt; excepţie: used to, ought to

Nu au toate timpurile si modurile unui verb normal, de aceea unele au echivalenţi

Formează interogativul prin inversiune; negativul + not

Can

Cand se foloseste & Exemple

1. exprima capacitatea fizica sau intelectualaI can speak English. I can swim very well. 2. pentru a exprima imposibilitatea sau neincredereaCan Tom make such a mistake ? 3. pentru a exprima permisiunea in limbajul neoficial Can I borrow your book ? Nota: Aceasta forma de exprimare a permisiunii nu este foarte delicata si poate fi vazuta si ca o cerere politicoasa. 4. pentru a exprima continuitatea verbelor de perceptie I can see somebody near my car.

Comentarii

1. Pentru a exprima permisiunea in limbajul oficial/ politicos se foloseste "May"; 2. Cererea cu "Could" este may politicoasa decat cea cu "Can"; de aceea de regula cererile se fac cu "Could"; 3. "Could" este folosit in unele cazuri drept trecutul lui "Can".

MayCand se foloseste & Exemple

1. cand se cere permisiunea in mod oficial, politicos May I go home now ? Nota: Permisiunea se poate cere si cu "Can" insa in mod neoficial, protocolar. 2. exprima posibilitatea It may rain in the afternoon. ( Se poate sa ploua in dupa-amiaza ) Nota: Daca se foloseste "might" probabilitatea e mai mica decat "may", insa diferenta nu e foarte mare: It might rain in the afternoon.

http://www.academia-de-engleza.ro/Gramatica-limbii-engleze/Verbul/Verbele-modale/Engleza-Can.html#can_permisiunea_limbaj_neoficial

( S-ar putea sa ploua in dupa-amiaza ) 3. exprima o dorinta May all your wishes come true. ( Fie ca ... )

Comentarii

1. "May" in situatia in care exprima posibilitatea poate fi inlocuit cu "it is possible" fara ca sensul sa se schimbe:

It is possible for Tom to do that thing.Tom may do that thing.

MustCand se foloseste & Exemple

1. cand se exprima o obligatie interna (subiectiva, personala) I must go. (Trebuie sa plec -> pentru ca asta e decizia mea) Nota:Daca obligatia e externa in loc de must se va folosi "to have to": I have to go. (Trebuie sa plec -> pentru ca cineva ma asteapta, pentru ca trebuie sa ajung undeva; nu e o decizie

subiectiva, ci una obiectiva) 2. pentru a exprima o deductie logica, o concluzie John always at this hour is at home. Now must be at home as well. (logic John ar trebui sa fie acasa, dar poate nu e).

Comentarii

Daca nu suntem foarte siguri de deductia logica folosim verbul "may".

Ought toCand se foloseste & Exemple

1. "Ought to" se foloseste cu precadere pentru a exprima o recomandare: Margaret ought to exercise more. Margaret trebuie sa exerseze mai mult; este o recomandare si nu are semnificatie imperativa. - Shall I go to this funeral ?- Well, you ought to.Este o recomandare si nu are semnificatie imperativa; insa e ceva ce trebuie facut caci asa e bine din punct de

vedere moral. Nota: Daca s-ar raspunde "Well you have to." semnificatia ar fi: "Trebuie sa te duci, nu ai de ales." (obligatia e

exterioara in acest caz)

Comentarii

1) Pentru a exprima recomandari negative dispare " to " dupa "to have": You ought not smoke so much.We ought not be afraid of the these risks. Totusi, sunt acceptate deasemenea si formele: You ought not to smoke so much.We ought not to be afraid of the these risks. 2) "Ought not" e folosit mai mult de englezi, Americanii folosesc mai mult "should not".

http://www.academia-de-engleza.ro/Gramatica-limbii-engleze/Verbul/Verbele-modale/Engleza-May.html#may_posibilitatea

Will

Exprimă voinţă, hotărâre

I will pay you as much as you ask for. Promisiune I will not make such a mistake again. Posibilitate, presupunere That girl will be his sister? (Fata ceea o fi sora lui?)

Ceva inevitabil (expresii fixe) Children will be children. Accidents will happen (accidentele sunt inevitabile)

Înlocuieşte prezentul simplu pentru acţiune obişnuită, repetată I always drink milk in the morning=I will drink milk in the morning

Invitaţie, cerere politicoasă Will you come and...?( Vrei să...?)

Would

Exprimă o cerere politicoasă

Would you pass...

Would you please...

Would you be so kind...

Would you mind+ V (-ing)

Exprimă o acţiune repetată în trecut şi încetată în prezent (obişnuiam să...)

Apare după:

wish şi if only pentru o dorinţă în viitor Exprimă o probabilitate Ex: That girl would be his sister!

Shall

Hotărâre The enemy shall not pass. Promisiune If you get a good mark you shall have a present.

Refuz, insistenţă, ameninţare He shall pay for insulting my daughter.

Exprimă o interdicţie în acte oficiale All the candidates shall not bring(may not) the dictionaries into the examination room.

Ofertă, sugestie Shall I help you?

Should

Exprimă obligaţie, sfat, recomandare (obligaţia este mai slaba decât cea cu must) Exprimă surpriza în întrebare retorică Ex: Why should I go there?

Exprimă presupunere, deducţie logică

Substitute

Verb modal Substitut Exemplu

must to have to I must swim. = I have to swim.

must not not to be allowed to I must not swim. = I am not allowed to swim.

can to be able to I can swim. = I am able to swim.

may to be allowed to I may swim. = I am allowed to swim.

need to have to I need to swim. = I have to swim.

need not not to have to I need not swim. = I don't have to swim.

shall / should/ ought to

to be supposed to / to be expected to / to be to

I shall / should / ought to swim. = I am supposed to swim. / I am expected to swim. / I am to swim.

PRACTICECHOOSE THE CORRECT SUBSTITUTE FOR EACH MODAL VERB.1. We ought to win the race. → We ........................................... win the race. 2. I can swim. → I ....................................................... swim. 3. You must meet my best friend. → You .......................................... meet my best friend. 4. He should be in bed by now. → He ............................................. be in bed by now. 5. I must get up early. → I ............................................. get up early. 6. They may stay up late. → They ................................................... stay up late. 7. She needs to see the doctor. → She ............................................... see the doctor. 8. We need not walk. → We ................................................................ walk. 9. You must not sleep → You .................................................... sleep. 10. Should I go to the cinema with them? → .............................................. go to the cinema with them?

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER FOR EACH GAP BELOW1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He be exhausted after such a long flight.2. The book is optional. My professor said we could read it if we needed extra credit. But we read it if we don't want to.3. Susan hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.4. The television isn't working. It been damaged during the move.5. Kate: hold your breath for more than a minute?Jack: No, I can't.

6. You be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name.7. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. The answer in the book be wrong!8. You done the job if you didn't speak Japanese fluently.9. You worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.10. You be kidding! That can't be true.11. You leave the table once you have finished your meal and politely excused yourself.12. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It be a fortune.13. we move into the living room? It's more comfortable in there and there's a beautiful view of the lake.14. If I had gone white water rafting with my friends, I be down the Colorado River right now.15. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told my boss that he ……… take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position.16. You take along some cash. The restaurant may not accept credit cards.17. The machine turn on by flipping this switch.18. I can't stand these people – I get out of here. I'm going to take off for awhile while you get rid of them.19. You forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.20. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head? you think once in a while before you speak?21. Terry and Frank said they would come over right after work, so they be here by 6:00.22. Yesterday, I cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight.23. We no longer suffer the injustice of oppression! Freedom shall be ours!24. If I had gone to the University of Miami, I participated in their Spanish immersion program.25. The lamp be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out.

FILL IN THE SPACES WITH THE RIGHT MODAL VERBS. Example: I ________ speak English very fluently. (key = can)

You _______________ run faster if you weren't so lazy.2. You _______________ leave the class before 1 o'clock.3. You _______________ behave well in front of guests. Stop being silly.4. You look tired. You _______________ have some sleep.5. You failed in your final test. You ________________ have studied harder.6. _________________ I borrow your pen?7. We _______________ watch TV so much.8. We _________________ not climb those mountains when we were kids.9. The project ________________ finish in two years time.

10. Stop smoking! You really _______________ not smoke.11. Sami _______________ lift that heavy table. He is too weak.12. Muneera _______________ come to the party, but nobody is sure.13. Laila _________________ not swim when she was one year old.14. It's too cold. I _______________ close the window.15. It _______________ rain in the desert sometimes, but you can't depend on it.16. If I had enough money, I _______________ travel with my friends but now I can't.17. I ________________ to study well for the exam.

18. I wish I _______________ buy a new car but i do not have any money.19. I have no time. I _______________ leave now. My parents are waiting for me.20. He ________________ be friendly, but he is usually unfriendly.

CAN & MUST

Q1 - That's ridiculous- you ____ be joking.canmust

Q2 - That's the phone- who ____ it be?canmust

Q3 - They haven't eaten for hours- they ____ be starving.

canmust

Q4 - I'm busy this morning, but I ____ see you this afternoon if you like.

canmust

Q5 - It ____ be the postman; it's far too early.can't

mustn'tQ6 - You ____ enter the country without a visa.

canmust

Q7 - They're two hours late- there ___ be something wrong.

canmust

Q8 - She left two hours ago, so she ____ have arrived by now.

canmust

Q9 - My doctor says I ____ lose some weight.canmust

Q10 - ____ you smell something burning?CanMust

CHOOSE THE RIGHT CHOICE:

1. You seem to be having trouble there. _________ I help you? WouldWillShall2. I don't have enough money to buy lunch. __________ you lend me a couple of dollars? MayCouldShall3. That ice is dangerously thin now. You ________ go ice-skating today. mustn'tmight notwould mind not to4. It's way past my bedtime and I'm really tired. I ________ go to bed. shouldoughtcould5. He ______________ have committed this crime. He wasn't even in the city that night. mightshouldn't

couldn't6. John is over two hours late already, He ___________ missed the bus again. should havemust havewill have7. I'm really quite lost. _______________ showing me how to get out of here? Would you mindWould you beMust you be8. That bus is usually on time. It _________ to be here any time now. mighthasought9. I read about your plane's near disaster. You ____________ terrified! might have beenmust have beenshall have been10. It's the law. They ____________ have a blood test before they get married. might

couldhave to11. Professor Villa, we've finished our work for today. _________ we leave now, please?

MayCanMust

CAN, MAY, MUST1 He ................. go skating because he broke his leg.2 Many children in Britain .................... wear school uniforms.3 I'm not sure but Jane ............................ come to visit me this afternoon.4 Didn´t you see the sign? You ................. drive more than 30 miles.5 He speaks a lot of languages but he .......................... speak Chinese.6 It .............. snow. It looks like it.7 You .................... drive on the right in Britain.8 He is a good boxer. You .................... be careful.9 You ....................... smoke in the office.10 This test will be very difficult. So you ................. learn a lot.11 You ................. eat more vegetables because they are healthy.12 I don't ......................... the car. You can take it.13 He does everything himself. He .................. no help.14 It`s going to rain. You ..................... shut the window.15 You ...................... start a fire in the forest.

MODAL VERBS - EXERCISES

Put the correct modal verb in its correct form combined with the verb in brackets to make deductions. In questions one to 6, try to use a different modal verb in each situation.

Situation : There are five milk bottles on their front door step.

1. They ____________________ (forget) to cancel their milk deliveries.

2. They ____________________ (wake up) yet.

3. There ____________________ (be) some guests staying with them.

Situation : His coat is on the floor.

4. He ____________________ (drop) it.

5. It ____________________ (be) his coat.

6. There ____________________ (be) some logical reason for it!

Put the correct modal verb in its correct form into the gaps.

7. He was very strong; he ____________________ ski all day and dance all night.

8. We ____________________ to borrow umbrellas; so we didn't get wet.

9. I was so far from the stage that I ____________________ see very well.

10. He sees very badly; he ____________________ wear glasses all the time.

11. NOTICE: All dogs ____________________be kept on leads!

12. Farmers ____________________ get up early.

13. You ____________________ drive fast; there is a speed limit here.

14. We ____________________ drive fast; we have plenty of time.

15. They ____________________ get up early; they were on holiday.

Complete these sentences in an appropriate way.

16. I left my bicycle here and now it's gone.

Someone ____________________ (steal) it.

17. I bought two bottles of milk.

You ____________________ (buy) milk; we have loads in the fridge.

18. I have just watered the roses.

You ____________________ (water) them. Look, it's raining now!

IF CLAUSEFraza condiţională de tipul 1O frază condiţională de tipul 1 se referă la o condiţie posibilă în viitor şi la rezultatul probabil al acesteia. Ea implică obţinerea unui anumit rezultat prin indeplinirea unei condiţii date. Folosim timpul prezent in subordonata condiţionala(pentru exprimarea condiţiei) si viitorul in propoziţia principală (pentru exprimarea rezultatului).

PROPOZIŢIA PRINCIPALĂ PROPOZIŢIA CONDIŢIONALĂ

SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE PRESENT

He will pass the exam if he studies.

El va lua examenul dacă va învăţa.

Fraza condiţională de tipul 2O frază condiţională de tipul 2 se referă la o condiţie improbabilă sau ipotetică şi la rezultatul probabil al acesteia. Folosim acest tip de condiţională pentru a exprima o situaţie imaginară contrară realităţii prezente sau pentru a exprima o situaţie improbabilă intr-un moment viitor. Folosim timpul trecut in condiţională şi Condiţionalul prezent in propoziţia principală.


PRESENT CONDITIONAL SIMPLE PAST

He would pass the exam if he studied.

El ar lua examenul dacă ar învăţa.

Fraza condiţională de tipul 3O frază condiţională de tipul 3 se referă la o condiţie ireală trecută si exprimă o situaţie imaginară sau contrară realităţii intr-un moment trecut. Folosim mai mult ca perfectul in subordonată si condiţionalul perfect in regentă.


PERFECT CONDITIONAL SIMPLE PAST PERFECT

He would have passed the exam

if he had studied.

El ar fi luat examenul dacă ar fi învăţat.

Exemplul de mai sus se referă la o situaţie contrară realităţii trecute – el nu a învăţat, deci nu şi-a luat examenul

PRACTICEFill in the best form of the verb/phrase to make conditionals types 0/1/2/3.

1. If you think your boss (be) stupid, remember: you wouldn't have a job if he was any smarter.

2. My warning: If you don't drive your business you (be) driven out of business. 3. Never work before breakfast. If you have to work before breakfast, (get) your breakfast first.4. If you marry for money, you (surely earn) it.5. If I had no sense of humour, I would long ago (commit) suicide.6. If you (can count) your money, then you're not a rich man.7. Many people might have attained wisdom (they not assume) they already had it. (NO 'IF'

is used)8. If you (have to ask) how much it costs, you can't afford it.9. We would accomplish many more things if we (not think) of them as impossible.10. If the blind lead the blind, both (fall) into the ditch.11. No one would have doubted his ability to reign (he never be) an emperor. (NO 'IF' is used)12. I won't belong to any organization that (have) me as a member.13. If you build a better mousetrap, you (catch) better mice. 14. I wish people that have trouble communicating (just shut up) !15. If youth (know) ; if age could. 16. If you don't program yourself, life (program) you!17. Advice is what we ask for when we already know the answer but wish we (not) .18. If we (speak) a different language, we would perceive a somewhat different world.19. I wish I (have) the voice of Homer.20. If you (not care) , your customer never will.

Fill in the best form of the verb to make conditionals

1. You must not blame me if I _____ to the clouds.had talked talk talked will talk would talk 2. I wonder whether if I _____ an education I should have been more or less a fool that I am. could have had had had have will have 3. If it looks like shit, smells like shit, mail it to your enemy... he _____ what to do with it.would know will know know had known to know 4. If I _____ my best, I can win anywhere in the world against anybody. would play will play played play had played 5. I don't jog, if I _____ I want to be sick. would die will die died die can die 6. If what happens does not make us richer, we must welcome it if it _____ us wiser. had made makes will make made make 7. If I _____ two-faced, would I be wearing this one? will be were have been had been be 8. Believe and act as if it _____ impossible to fail. is may be were were not will be 9. If it _____, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something.

fail fails had failed have failed will fail 10. If I die, I forgive you. If I _____ we shall see. will live lived had lived would live live 11. You can only be free if I _____ free. am had been was were will be 12. If I _____ my friend's silence, I will never get to understand his words.cannot understand could not understand did not understand had not understood will not understand 13. Every day is a gift- even if it _____. will suck was sucking sucks sucked suck 14. If I _____ one heart from breaking, I shall not live in vain.can stop could stop had stopped stopped will stop 15. If it's a good script I _____ it. And if it's a bad script, and they pay me enough, I'll do it. did does have done will do would do 16. If it were not for hopes, the heart _____. would break will break can break breaks break 17. An idea is worth nothing if it _____ no champion. had has have have had to have 18. If it is not right, do not do it; if it is not true, _____ it. would not say does not say do not say did not say could not say 19. If I _____ allowed to laugh in heaven, I don't want to go there. could not be will not be were not am not was not 20. What do we live for; if it _____ not to make life less difficult to each other? was be is had been were

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional form1. (If / When) I leave work, I usually go to the fitness center to work out.2. She hates TV. She thinks television is a waste of time. (If / When) she watches any television at all, it is usually a documentary or a news program.3. My friend always keeps in touch by mail. (If / When) I get a letter, I usually write back immediately. 4. If I (have) enough money, I (go) on safari to Kenya. However, my bank account is empty!5. I love to travel! When I (have) enough money, I (go) abroad. I do it almost every year.6. I really wanted to go on safari to Kenya with my friends, but I couldn't afford to go. If I (have) enough money, I (go) with them.7. I'm sorry, I didn't know you were allergic to chocolate. If I (know) , I (make) you a vanilla birthday cake.8. Stop asking me what Amanda bought you for Christmas. Even if I (know) what she bought you, I (tell, not) you.9. Nobody here speaks English. Too bad Gloria isn't here. If she (be) with us, she (can) act as our interpreter.10. I am afraid I won't be able to come to your wedding next week because my company is sending me to New York to attend a trade show. I (miss, never) your wedding if I (have) a choice in the matter.11. If the weather is nice tomorrow, she (walk) along the river to school.12. If you help me move tomorrow, I (treat) you to a dinner and a movie.13. If you were to help me move tomorrow, I (treat) you to a dinner and a movie.14. If I were in Tahiti right now, I (snorkel) along a beautiful reef. I wouldn't be stuck here in this office with mountains of paperwork.15. If Jerry hadn't stopped to pick up that quarter, he (cross) the street when the bus ran the red light. He might have been killed!16. Tina's train arrived ahead of schedule. If I hadn't decided to go to the train station early, she (wait) there for more than twenty minutes before I arrived.17. If I (pass) the test, I (get) an "A" in the class. Instead, I got a "C." I really

should have studied more.18. If I (be) rich, I (buy) that new Mercedes we saw yesterday. Unfortunately, I can't even afford a used car.19. We (go) skiing this weekend, but there's no snow. Oh, well! We will just have to find something else to do instead. 20. If Heather spoke Chinese, she (translate) the email for you yesterday.

Conditional clauseExercises

Tradu partea A și continuă, formulând enunțuri proprii, partea B:A.

1. Dacă s-ar simţi deprimată, ar ieşi la o plimbare prelungită.2. Dacă ai ceva timp liber, treci pe la mine să mai discutăm.3. Dacă nu ar fi avut viteză mare, nu ar fi făcut accidentul de ieri. 4. Dacă ne scrie astăzi, mâine va primi răspunsul. 5. N-ai fi făcut nici un progres dacă nu ai fi învăţat mult.6. Dacă plec pe munte, îmi iau bocanci speciali.7. Dacă îl văd, îl voi avertiza să nu spună nimic.8. Nu ai fi ajuns acasă înaintea lăsării întunericului dacă nu ai fi plecat de acolo la ora 3.9. Dacă nu ţi-ar plăcea spectacolul ai pleca înainte de final.10. Nu-mi cântă dacă nu îl rog.11. Mi-ar fi trimis un mesaj de felicitare dacă ar fi ştiut când este ziua mea de naştere.12. Dacă ai fi trimis coletul prin poştă, l-aş fi primit până acum, dar nu a ajuns.13. Vei vinde casa imediat, dacă nu ceri un preţ exagerat.14. Toată lumea ar fi râs de ea dacă ar fi purtat pălăria aceea caraghioasă.15. Şi-ar termina raportul dacă nu ar fi obosită.16. Nu ar tremura dacă nu ar fi atât de frig.17. Aş fi mers şi eu în excursie dacă mi-ai fi spus că pleci.18. Nu ar sta acasă dacă ar fi vreme bună.19. John ar lua note mai bune dacă ar fi mai atent.20. Vom pune cortul destul de repede dacă nu bate vântul.

B.

21. If you want to read this book ……22. Unless the light improves …..23. If I were to win the competition ….24. If you hadn’t offended him ….25. If you had lost that ticket …26. If I wanted to do the journey in one day only …27. I shouldn’t be so pleased if you …28. I wouldn’t have been able to find my way …29. I wouldn’t need to wear glasses if …30. If I saw an accident …31. If my friend had not come …32. If gold had not been found in California …33. If the thief had been caught …34. If he hadn’t made so many mistakes…35. There would be many accidents if …36. Many visitors would have been disappointed if …37. The surprise will be extraordinary if …38. The heat will be unbearable if …

39. All the players would not have done their best if … 40. If you don’t understand ...41. You wouldn’t be so tired if …42. If they were in your place …43. What would you do if …?44. She wouldn’t have arrived so late …45. What will you do if …?46. I won’t go unless …47. If you had telephoned earlier …48. She wouldn’t have gone on the trip unless …49. If he hadn’t have been frightened by the bear …50. If she spends all the money I gave her …

C.

1.Mark the correct verb form:

a.If you don’t spend/didn’t spend so much money on clothes,you could go on a trip.

b.If I hadn’t been so rude,they would like/would have liked me.

c.If I knew/had known your e-mail address I would send you these photos.

d.If he doesn’t tell the truth we will/would never speak to him again.

e.What would you do/would you have done if you had been me?

2.Complete each sentence so it means the same as the sentence above it:

a.Joe was ill,so he couldn’t come to my party.

Joe would ………

b.You won’t get a good mark unless you study hard.

If you don’t……….

3.Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets:

a.If I were you,I …………..(leave) now.

b. He might have won the contest if he……….(try) harder.

c. I’ll call the police if I ………………..(hear) a strange noise.

4. Complete the sentences:

a. What……………….if you were in my shoes?

b.If I see him again,I ………………..

c. Would you have lent him the money if…………………..?

5.Answer the following question:

What would you do if you won the lottery?

CONDITIONAL FOLLOW UPA. Fill the gaps with the correct verb form:1.- I don’t think she’s worried about us. If she (be) worried, she (phone) or something.2.- I have an appointment at 3.30 tomorrow. If I (manage) to finish before 4.30, I (do) the shopping on my way back.3.- Tom missed his flight. He (get) to the airport on time if he (not oversleep).4.- If I (have) such a large house as yours, I (invite) all my friends for the weekend.5.- If the child (not be playing) with matches, he (not burn) himself. Now he’s in hospital.6.- She’s so shy. If she (talk) to people, she (make) friends.7.- So, you’re seeing Terry tonight. If he (ask) you about me, (not, tell) him I’m going out with John.8.- If a machine (be) properly maintained, it (fail, never) 9.- We (invite) him if we (know) his address, but he never gave it to us.10.- Unless I (have) a problem, I (bother, never) my friends.11.- You’re very strong. If you (try) you (win) your opponent.12.- Look what you’ve done. If you (be) careful, you (not, break) all those glasses.13.- I was so stupid! Nothing (happened) if I (not, moved) to his flat.14.- She’s a bit short. If she (be) taller he (can) play basket.15.- Sorry. I (lend) you the money you need if I (have) it.16.- The bus is full up. If there (be) an empty seat, I (sit) down.17.- Why didn’t you go to the police station? If you (report) the theft, they (can arrest) the robbers.18.- I (leave) him a message but he (not, be) home when I phone.

B. If to Unless conversion1.- If nobody helps me, I’ll get into trouble. I’ll get into trouble unless somebody helps me.2.- I won’t know anything about my friends if they don’t write to me.3.- They wouldn’t have bothered you if they hadn’t needed your help.4.- If there isn’t a traffic jam, we’ll be home by five o’clock.5.- People don’t go to the doctor if they aren’t ill.6.- I’ll punish you if you don’t tell me the truth.7.- They won’t invite you to their party if they don’t know your phone number.8.- They won’t give you the job if they don’t like your appearance.9.- If you don’t finish your homework now, I won’t let you watch TV.10.- I won’t phone you if there isn’t anything urgent.11.- I wouldn’t invest all this money if I weren’t sure I would get it back.12.- If you don’t get up early, you’ll miss your train.13.- I wouldn’t have asked him any questions if he hadn’t been ready to answer them.14.- We won’t go fishing if the weather isn’t fine.15.- I won’t ask him to write if he doesn’t want to.16.- I never hitch-hike if it isn’t absolutely necessary.17.- If I don’t know anything about him in two days, I’ll report his disappearance to the police.18.- She wouldn’t save any money if she didn’t want to buy a house of her own.

C. Circle the right option:1.- If we take / will take a taxi, we will arrive / arrived sooner.2.- You wouldn’t get / didn’t get wet if you would have worn / were wearing a coat.3.- If our team had scored / scored more goals, it had won / could have won.4.- I had given / would have given you the news if you phoned / had phoned me yesterday.5.- If you took / would have taken more exercise, you might feel / had felt better6.- If Tim drove / had driven more carefully, he wouldn’t have crashed / didn’t crash.7.- If we are/would be late for class, our teacher will be / was angry.8.- If we lived / would live on another planet, we would see / will see the Earth in the sky.9.- If we were / are birds, we would be able / are able to fly.10.- If you don’t wear / wouldn’t wear your pullover, you will feel / felt cold.11.- If I had / would have lots of money, I would give / gave some to all my friends.12.- If I had known / would know it was your birthday, I would sen / would have sent you a card.

13.- If you had come / came to seen the film, you would have enjoyed/ had enjoyed it.

D. Correct the mistakes1.- If you’d be more sensible, you didn’t think about such stupid things.2.- Unless I don’t have any problem, I won’t bother you.3.- Would you help me if you can?4.- I’d have bought her a present if she invited me to her birthday party.5.- Nobody had noticed if you left the party before the others.6.- If he had been a vegetarian, he wouldn’t eat meat.7.- If you came to my party, you’ll enjoy yourself.8.- I wouldn’t look up his phone number in the directory if I know it.9.- She wouldn’t spend her savings unless it weren’t necessary.10.- Would he win de contest if he had entered for it?11.- I’ll give up smoking if I had a cold.12.- If she works harder, she would pass her exams.13.- If she hadn’t a dog, she would feel lonely.14.- They’d had understood if you’d explained it to them clearly.

E. Rewrite the following sentences turning all of them into Coditional Clauses1. You shouldn’t eat fish unless it’s fresh.2. Unless you kick the ball very hard, it won’t reach the goal3. Unless it is cold, we’ll have the party outdoors4. Unless you read the text thoroughly, you won’t understand it5. Unless you dress properly, you won’t go to the party with me6. You would avoid failing your test by studying hard7. I can`t buy these shoes. I haven’t enough money8. I would like to live in a castle but I’m not rich9. I don’t know the answer. I can’t tell you10. I would like to take more exercise but I don’t have the time11. I’m not going to open the window. It’s too noisy12. I can’t find my glasses. I can’t read the paper13. We don’t have bikes. We can’t go cycling14. We don’t live in a town. We can’t go to the cinema very often15. The weather was bad. We didn’t go to the sea16. She got angry because he forgot to phone her

17. She didn’t buy the computer because she didn’t have the credit card18. Sarah didn’t attend the class because she overslept19. I didn’t have your address, so I didn’t pay you a visit20. Peter went to bed early so he didn’t watch his favourite programme21. Susan didn’t get up early. She didn’t catch the 8.15 train22. I didn’t help you because you didn’t ask me.

F. Match the beginnings with the endings to make sentences:1. If you don’t give up smoking, a) if I hadn’t had a knee injury. 2. If you take your medicine, b) she would have died. 3. If you had taken your doctor’s advice, c) you won’t be fit enough to join our team. 4. If you had your own gym, d) you will have more time to go training.5. I would have been picked for the team, e) you would have recovered sooner.6. You might have had serious problems, f) you wouldn’t have to join a fitness club.7. If the doctor hadn’t diagnosed the illness, g) you will get better.8. If you work fewer hours, h) if you hadn’t had the operation at the

right time.

G. Complete the following sentences containing second and third conditionals:

1. If I got lost in Paris,2. If I were Batman,3. If everybody on earth spoke the same language,4. If I fell in love with someone my parents didn’t approve of,5. If the Second World War hadn’t broken out,6. If humans had colonized space 100 years ago,7. If I had gone to France last year,8. If I had discovered electricity,

H. Rephrase the following sentences with the given beginning:1. You won’t get fired unless you do something foolish.

If you 2. If you stop eating so many cakes, you’ll get slimmer.

You won’t3. If you don’t miss the bus, you’ll get there in time.

Provided4. If you’re careful, you will not have a car accident.

So5. I can’t help you unless you tell me what the problem is.

I’d 6. I think you are wrong not to trust him.

If I7. What would you do if there were an earthquake?

In case8. You have to have an invitation. Then you would be able to go there.

You would be able to go there provided9. What would happen if a meteorite crashed into Earth?

Suppose10. I left the map at the hotel, so I got lost in the town.

If I 11. Sue was ill, so she didn’t go to the party.

Sue12. He didn’t find a taxi and he missed the train.

If13. He didn’t drown because that young man reached him in time.

If 14. He left home because he didn’t expect them to come that evening.

If he15. Sarah did not wake me up, and so I was late for the concert.

If Sarah

I. Look at the sentences below. Write a paragraph for each sentence. Give advice to your friend. What should your friend do? Use the paragraph given as an inspiration source

What advice should you give your friend?(1) Your friend has been drinking a lot.(2) Your friend has a test tomorrow but is playing computer games.(3) Your friend is gambling all his money.(4) Your friend is going hiking but it looks like it will rain.(5) Your friend wants to go fishing but you heard a typhoon warning.(6) Your friend stays up too late playing on the internet and is sleepy in class.

Example:(2) My friend has a test tomorrow but is playing computer games.

Dear Sydney, If I were in your position, I would stop playing video games. You could spend some time studying for your

test tomorrow instead of playing video games. I want you to get a good grade, so you should study more. Why don’t you play your game for half an hour, and then study for an hour? I hope this helps.

Sincerely,Katrina

ACTIVE VOICE – PASSIVE VOICE

CÂND ESTE DIATEZA PASIVĂ FOLOSITĂ?Folosim diateza pasivă atunci când:(A)Autorul este necunoscut:

(i) My mobile has been stolen. (= Someone has stolen my mobile)(ii) The first tools were made in Africa two million years ago. (= People made the

first tools in Africa two million years ago.)(B)Acţiunea sau cel care suportă acţiunea sunt mai importante decât autorul:

(i) Income tax was introduced in England in 1798.(ii) The Prime Minister was given a warm welcome.

(C)Este evident cine sau ce a făcut acţiunea:(i) The thief has been arrested. (By the police)(ii) The meeting is called off. (By the management)(iii) The new law of income tax is introduced. (By the government)

REGULI PENTRU A TRANSFORMA DIN ACTIV ÎN PASIV

(A)Doar verbele tranzitive (cele care primesc un complement pentru a le întregi sensul) pot fi puse la diateză pasivă. Ex.

(i) She ate an apple. (=vb. tranzitiv) An apple was eaten by her.(ii) The tree grows. (=vb. intranzitiv) Can’t be changed into passive.

(B)Se schimbă locul subiectului şi al complementului.

Exemple: Active Sentence: Greg painted the gate just now.

Passive Sentence: The gate was painted by Greg just now.

(C)Când se tranformă propoziţia din activ în pasiv se modifică şi structura predicatului:NO. TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE

1 Simple Present Tense Write/s Is/am/are + written2 Simple Past Tense wrote Was/were + written3 Simple Future Tense Will write Will + be + written4 Present Continuous Tense Is/am/are writing Is/am/are + being + written5 Past Continuous Tense Was/were writing Was/were + being + written6 Future Continuous Tense Will be writing Will be writing (No Changes)7 Present Perfect Tense Has/have written Has/have + been + written8 Past Perfect Tense Had written Had + been + written9 Future Perfect Tense Will have written Will + have + been + written

Subject: The person who did the action.

Object: The thing that received the action

Active Verb

Subject: The thing that received the action

Object: The person who did the action.

Passive Verb

10 Infinitive Form To write To + be + written11 Modal Auxiliary May/might/shall/should …

+ writeMay/might/shall/should … + be + written

12 Imperative Sentences Write that letter Let + that letter + be + written13 Sentences with ‘LET’ Let her write a letter Let + that letter + be + written14 Miscellaneous It is said … He is said to …15 Miscellaneous Everyone predicts that... It is predicted that …

(D) Conjuncţii ca ‘by’, ‘with’, ‘to’, ‘in’ etc. apar în faţa complementelor (de agent) în diateza pasivă. Exemple:

(i) A saw cut the tree. (Active)The tree was cut with a saw. [cram, crowd, decorate, fill, flood throng]

(ii) I know him. (Active)He is known to me. (Passive)

(iii) This rack contains 200 books. (Active)200 books are contained in this rack. (Passive)

(iv) Nila wrote a nice letter. (Active)A nice letter was written by Nila. (Passive)

(E) Uneori propoziţia la diateză pasivă nu precizezază cine face acţiunea (subiectul). Prin urmare, atunci când tranformăm în activ aproximăm cine ar putea fi autorul acţiunii.Example:

(i) Our house was broken into last night. (Passive)Some burglars broke into our house last night. (Active)

(F) Verbe cu două complemente:Uneori câte un verb la diateză activă (ex. give) primeşte două complemente:A witness gave the police some information. (Active)

1 2

Oricare complement poate îndeplini rolul de subiect al propoziţiei la diateză pasivă:The police were given some information by a witness. (Passive) –-- (A)

2

Some information was given to the police by a witness. (Passive) --- (B)1

Notă: De obicei se proferă varianta în care subiectul este o persoană şi nu un lucru, prin urmare varianta A este preferată în cazul exemplului de mai sus.

(G)Atunci când folosim adverbe de timp, mod sau frecvenţă de obicei acestea apar după primul auxiliar al predicatului, de ex.1. We are always taught to be kind and honest.2. Shyam and Raju have seldom been seen at the gym.3. The carpets are often put out to air in the sun.

(H)Când se transformă o locuţiune verbală (verb + preposition OR verb + adverb) din activ în pasiv este important să nu omitem adverbul sau prepoziţia care intră în structura acestuia, de ex: A. Coca Cola took over the brand Thumbs up in the last decade of 20th century.P. The brand Thumbs up was taken over by Coca Cola in the last decade of 20th cen.

LET’S PRACTICE!

(A) (Simple Present) Turtles _________ (find) in all the warm oceans of the world. Turtle’s nests _________ (make) at night on sandy beaches. About one hundred eggs _________ (lay) in each nest. However, nesting turtles _________ (often disturb) by noise and light of the discos. When the babies leave the nest for the sea, they follow the light of the moon. But if they _________ (distract) by hotel lights, they move in the wrong direction. Babies who lose their way on the beach _________ (often kill) by birds. If they reach the sea, they _________ (sometimes injure) or even killed by speedboats.

(B) (A/P) People all over the world _________ (drink) tea. It _________ (suppose) to be a very refreshing drink. It _________ (also offer) to the guests as a mark of courtesy. To make tea _________ (be) quite easy. Tea leaves _________ (take) in a teapot and boiling water _________ (pour) over them. The teapot _________ (keep) aside for a couple of minutes. Meanwhile milk _________ (boil) in another pot. Now tea water _________ (pour) into a cup. Milk and sugar _________ (add) to it according to one’s taste. And a refreshing cup of tea _________ (be) ready.

(C) (Simple Past) The country’s first school of magic _________ (open) last year in Thiruvanthapuram. In the first year, sixty students _________ (teach) conjuring and other illusions. Magicians from other states _________ (invite) for guest lectures. Approval for the school _________ (give) by the International Brotherhood of Magicians. The school, which _________ (start) by Gopinath Muthukad, has become very popular. Muthukad won an award for magic from the Sangeet Natak Akademi – the first one to be given after magic _________ (add) to its list of awards in music, dance and theatre.

(D) (Simple Past) Last summer Tom went camping with Boy Scouts. First, the ground _________ (clear) of stones and plants. The tents _________ (put up) in a circle. A special shelf _________ (make) in each tent 4 inches off the ground. The suitcases and sleeping bags _________ (put) on this shelf. Wood _________ (collect) and _________ (place) in the centre of the circle for fire. The kitchen tent _________ (put up) near the sleeping tents. All the food _________ (put) inside this tent to keep it safe. The boys stayed in this camp for eight days.

(E) (A/P) Let me tell you of a country where planting trees _________ (be) an essential part of life. This country is Israel. In Israel, in the days gone by, fathers _________ (plant) trees when their children _________ (bear). A cedar tree _________ (plant) if the child ________ (be) a boy, for cedars are usually tall and strong. But if the child _________ (be) a girl, the father _________ (plant) a cypress tree, for cypress suggests softness and sweetness. The children _________ (look) after these trees until they _________ (get) married. At the marriage ceremony, branches from these trees _________ (cut) to hold up the wedding tent.

(F) Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.(1) It is a big factory. Five hundred people _________ (employ) there.(2) _________ (somebody/clean) this room yesterday? (3) Water _________ (cover) most of the earth’s surface. (4) How much of the earth’s surface _________ (cover) by water?(5) The park gates _________ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.(6) The letter _________ (post) a week ago and it _________ (arrive) yesterday.(7) The boat hit a rock and _________ (sink) quickly. Fortunately everybody _________ (rescue).

(8) Rechard’s parents _________ (die) when he was very young. He and his sister _________ (bring up) by their grand parents.(9) I was born in London, but I _________ (grow up) in Canada.(10) While I was on holiday, my camera _________ (steal) from my hotel room. (11) While I was on holiday, my camera _________ (disappear) from my hotel room.(12) Why _________ (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn’t she enjoy it?(13) Why _________ (Bill/sack) from his job? Why did he do wrong?(14) The company is not independent. It ________ (own) by a much larger company.(15) I saw an accident last night. Somebody _________ (call) an ambulance but nobody _________ (injure), so the ambulance_________ (not/need).(16) Where _________ (these photographs/take)? In London? _________ (you/take) them, or somebody else?(17) Sometimes it is quite noisy living here, but it is not problem for me – I _________ (not/bother) by it.

(G) (Simple Future) Mrs. Lal is the headmistress of a big school. The students of her school are going to stage a play Mrs. Lal is talking to the director.Mrs. Lal: Have the boy’s costumes been made?Director: They _________ (make) by the end of this week.Mrs. Lal: What about the girl’s dress?Director: They _________ (finish) tomorrow.Mrs. Lal: Have the curtains been mended?Director: I don’t think they _________ (mend) until Thursday.Mrs. Lal: What about the chairs?Director: I think they _________ (sell) in a couple of days.

(H) (A/P) We promise that if our party comes into power, we _________ (try) out best to improve the living conditions in the city. To deal with the two major problems of water and power shortage, we _________ (construct) a new, large water reservoir at a suitable place and _________ (set) up a thermal power plant. Some other plans are also under active consideration. Two new senior secondary schools _________ (open) in the next session. Midday meals _________ (supply) free in all the government schools. Drains _________ (repair), roads _________ (remetal) and parks _________ (develop) in all colonies. Sports and transport facilities _________ (improve). It _________ (be) our sincere effort to make this city a model one.

(I) (Mixed) A youth _________ (find) dead on the outskirts of Mota Bhandariya village on Thursday. According to officials of Amreli rural police, the youth _________ (strangle) to death with a handkerchief. “The deceased _________ (identify) as Premsinh Manusinh. The name _________ (tattoo) on his wrist,” said a police official. “The youth was from Madhya Pradesh and had _________ (come) to Mota Bhandariya to work as a labourer,” the official added.

(J) (Mixed) Hospitals are places where people _________ (examine) and _________ (bring) back to good health. I’m lucky because I _________ (never / take) to hospital. But I happened to go there once. When Jane _________ (hit) by a car last month. Luckily no bones _________ (break) but she _________ (examine) carefully and x-rays _________ (take). She _________ (keep) there for a night and she _________ (give) permission to leave the next day. Ambulance services are also important. Patients _________ (must / take) to hospital as quickly as possible. A lot of people _________ (kill) in road accidents and a lot more _________ (injure) but if more ambulances _________ (put) into service, more lives ________ (can / save).

(K) (Mixed) Last summer, I took an airplane flight from London to New York. I _________ (board) the plane at Croydon Airfield and, from that moment on, my life _________ (arrange) for me by the flight attendants on the trip. First, I _________ (direct) to my seat by the flight attendants. Then, when the plane _________ (be) ready to take off, the other passengers and I _________ (tell) to fasten our seat belts. Next, we _________ (advise) where the emergency exits were. I _________ (make) sure that I _________ (give) a seat next to an exit.A few minutes after take off, magazines and newspapers _________ (distribute). Because my ears hurt, I _________ (take) out some gum to chew. Next, we _________ (give) instructions on what to do in case of an emergency. I _________ (pay) two dollars for some earphones, which I _________ (use) later to watch the movie.Before dinner, we _________ (ask) if we _________ (want) a cocktail. Dinner _________ (serve) on a tray, and it _________ (be + not) too bad; it was chicken. We _________ (permit) to have a refill on any beverage.After dinner, we _________ (show) a funny movie. When I _________ (feel) cold, I _________ (give) a blanket, and when I felt airsick, I _________ (give) a paper bag. Everything _________ (do) for the comfort of the passengers. When the plane _________ (land), I _________ (be) sorry to have to leave and start doing things for myself again.

(L) (Mixed) Four burglars have escaped from custody only hours after _________ (sentence) to ten years in prison. They _________ (transfer) from the law courts in Manchester to Strangeways Prison. They _________ (find) guilty of stealing electrical goods and money from shops in the Manchester area. It _________ (think) that they were all members of the same gang. They escaped from the van in which they _________ (transport), when the driver _________ (force) to stop because of a tree across the road. It _________ (believe) that the tree _________ (place) by other members of the gang, who _________ (inform) of the route _________ (take) by the van. A full investigation of the events leading to escape _________ (order) and anyone with information _________ (ask) to contact the police to help with their enquiries.

(M) Twenty five years ago, my father ______ (join) a well known law firm as a junior lawyer. Dad ______ (dedicate) and smart and he ______ (rise) quickly in the firm. Soon after, the firm ______ (employ) Mum as the personal assistant to the manager. Dad and Mum ______ (fall) in love and ______ (get) married six months later.Today, Dad ______ (hold) the position of a senior partner in the firm. My parents ______ (raise) three children. They ______ (give) us plenty of love, encouragement and sound advice when we were young. We ______ always ______ (be) grateful to them.Next Friday, my parents ______ (celebrate) their silver wedding anniversary. My brothers and I ______ (compere) an evening of entertainment. We ______ (present) them with gifts to cherish as mementos.

(N) Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.(1) A government minister _________ (find) guilty of fraud yesterday.(2) It was a lovely surprise to find all the washing-up _________ (do) while I was asleep. (3) These souvenirs _________ (make) by children from the local school.(4) I didn’t come here in order _________ (make) a fool of!(5) The votes _________ (count) right now and we should know the result before midnight.(6) This parcel appears _________ (open) before it _________ (deliver).(7) As he _________ (sack) from his previous job, he found it hard to get another.

(8) The judges still have to decide which design _________ (award) the top prize.(9) Many accidents _________ (cause) by dangerous driving.(10) Cheese _________ (make) from milk.(11) The roof of the building _________ (damage) in a storm a few days ago.(12) You _________ (invite) to the wedding. Why didn’t you go?(13) A cinema is a place where films _________ (show).(14) In the US, elections for president _________ (hold) every four years.(15) Originally the book _________ (write) in Spanish, and a few years ago it _________ (translate) into English.(16) Although we were driving quite fast, we _________ (overtake) by a lot of other cars.(17) You can’t see the house from the road. It _________ (surround) by trees.(18) The situation is serious, something must _________ (do) before it’s too late.(19) I haven’t received that letter. That might _________ (send) to the wrong address.(20) A decision will not _________ (make) until the next meeting.(21) Do you think that more money should _________ (spend) on education?(22) This road is in very bad condition. It should _________ (repair) a long time ago.(23) The injured man couldn’t walk and had to _________ (carry).(24) It is not certain how the fire started. But it might _________ (cause) by an electrical fault.(25) I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to _________ (wake) at 6.30 the next morning.(26) If you hadn’t pushed the policeman you wouldn’t _________ (arrest).

(O) Rewrite these sentences in Active Voice. Supply the subject yourself wherever needed:1. Her sweet will never be heard again in this hall.2. Superstitions are still believed in.3. These instructions can be easily understood.4. The account had already been checked by me.5. Living conditions are being gradually improved.6. It is often said that honesty pays in the long run.7. The late comers shouldn’t be permitted into the examination hall.8. Was the patient requested to wait?9. What are you being disturbed by?10. How many candidates were called for interview?11. Rotten eggs and tomatoes were thrown at the speaker.

(P) Rewrite these sentences in Passive Voice. Remove subjects if needed:1. Somebody cleans the room everyday.2. They cancelled all flights because of fog.3. People don’t use this road much.4. Somebody accused me of stealing money.5. How do people learn languages?6. Somebody warned us not to go out alone.7. Somebody has cleaned the room.8. They have postponed the meeting.9. Somebody is using the computers at the moment.10. I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation.11. When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game.12. They are building a new ring-road round the city.13. They have built a new hospital near the airport.

(Q) Put the following sentences into the PASSIVE VOICE:1. Someone has already paid the electrician for his work.2. They taught him French and gave him a dictionary.3. When we first met, they had already offered me a job at the bank.4. A man requested the stranger to leave the meeting.5. A young woman asked the rest of us to be there at eight o’clock.6. They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation.7. Who wrote it?8. The author has written a special edition for children.9. Did the idea interest you?10. Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?11. The burglars had cut a huge hole in the steel door.12. The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.13. When did they ring the church bells?14. Does listening to music disturb you?15. The principal has announced a revised programme of terminal tests.16. They will build a flyover at this site.17. People often say that it pays to be honest.18. You can avoid many serious accidents with a little care.19. Don’t offer eatables to the animals.20. This magazine contains much useful information.21. Why were they paying us so little?22. By 5 p.m., the guide had shown us all the places of historical interest.23. Do you deal in sports goods also?24. A senior student of her school gives her judo lessons.25. We expect our students to behave properly.26. Who has packed my luggage?

(R) Change these sentences into PASSIVE FORM:1. People believe that the strike will end soon.2. People believe that the thieves got through the kitchen window.3. People say that the company is loosing a lot of money.4. When is he going to pay the taxes?5. Who has designed these buildings?6. How much do they spend on these activities?7. They broke a lot of plates while they were dancing.8. Who invented the electric bulb?9. People believe that they are secret agents.10. People think that he takes harmful drugs.11. Did they give you a great reception?12. Nobody sends her a card at Christmas.13. Did anyone call an ambulance after the accident?14. Will you pay the fine?

(S) Turn into the PASSIVE:a. Students should study environment problems at school.

Environment problems _____________________________b. Teachers could include this topic in their classes.

This topic ________________________________________c. Some people buy returnable bottles and use recycle paper.

Returnable bottles _____________________________________

d. Governments have constantly ignored important issues on economic reasons.Important _________________________________________________

e. At school teachers advise students about pollution and its prevention.Students __________________________________________________

f. In developped countries authorities will lead everybody to cooperate.Everybody _______________________________________________

g. Everybody should throw their bottles into recycling bottle banks.Their bottles ______________________________________________

h. Parents must teach their children what to do about rubbish.Children _________________________________________________

i. Last year several nations held a meeting to discuss environmental problems.A meeting ________________________________________________

j. Organizations like Greenpeace are giving people leaflets about what to do.People ___________________________________________________

k. Mothers should teach children not to throw litter in the streets.Children _________________________________________________

l. Consumers could buy returnable recipients instead of throw away ones.Returnable _______________________________________________

m. In developped countries people are recycling glass, paper, metal and even plastic.Glass, paper ______________________________________________

n. In underdeveloped countries everyone wastes and throws away useful objects.Useful objects _____________________________________________

o. Everybody should pass their bottles on to others when they no longer use them. Bottles ___________________________________________________

(T) Turn into the PASSIVE again1. We should clean these windows before tomorrow.2. The workers gave the boss some flowers.3. The police followed the thieves into a building.4. The mechanic can’t fix my car.5. The neighbour has told us the news.6. The students painted the walls last year.7. The old woman feeds the pigeons every day.8. They will pick up John at this office.9. She showed the visitors the new house.10. You shouldn’t throw litter on the ground.11. The teacher asked the students a very difficult question at the oral exam.12. First, we have to read the text and then, we have to do the exercises.13. His parents promised Tom a hundred Euros if he passed the test.14. Did they repair all the windows?15. The news surprised us all.16. Is the teacher correcting the exams right now?17. Someone has sent John a mysterious letter.18. Where did they find the book?19. The taxi driver drove us to the airport.20. Many people have seen a UFO in this area.21. Have they watered the plants?22. Someone stole my purse while I was doing the shopping.23. The secretary has already sent all the documents to Mr. Smith.24. They have offered Michael an excellent job in a British company.25. The police could arrest the bank robbers when they were crossing the border.

26. Someone has used the computer without permission.27. My grandmother is baking a delicious cake.28. The maid was cleaning my hotel room when I came in.

REPORTED SPEECH Expression of time & place Direct ReportedToday that dayYesterday the day beforeThe day before yesterday two days beforeTomorrow the next/following dayThe day after tomorrow in two days timeNext week/day/year... the following week/year…Last week/year… the previous week/year…A week/year ago a year before/the previous year.Now then /that time Modals: Can couldMay mightMust had toShall shouldWill would Demonstratives: This thatThese thoseHere there

TENSE DIRECT SPEECH TENSE REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT SIMPLE

“I work hard.” PAST SIMPLE He said that he worked hard.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

“I am working hard.” PAST CONTINUOUS

He said that he was working hard.

PAST SIMPLE “I worked hard yesterday.”

PAST PERFECT He said that he had worked hard the previous day / the day before.

PAST CONTINUOUS

“I was working hard at six this morning.”


He said that he had been working hard at six that morning.

PRESENT PERFECT

“I have worked hard.” PAST PERFECT He said that he had worked hard.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

“I have been working hard.”


He said that he had been working hard.

PAST PERFECT

“I had worked hard.” PAST PERFECT He said that he had worked hard.

FUTURE SIMPLE

“I will work hard.” CONDITIONAL He said that he would work hard.

PRACTICEA. Put the following into indirect speech using the given reporting verbs.

“We don’t like his attitude” (say)“I’m not competent to give advice on this subject” (claim)“Please tell us the latest news that you have heard” (request)“Will you have supper with us after the performance tonight?” (wonder)

B. Put these statements using introductory verbs in the past.“I have no reason not to believe you”“I’ll pay a hundred and fifty”“She’s been crying till she’s half blind” her mother reports“Don’t go too deep into the water” she told her children“They lie and steal and have to be watched all the time” she noted“I’m looking for sunny side cottage. I don’t suppose you’ve heard of it”“Don’t leave me here alone!”“I shall never claim of any trouble to you”“Mrs. Joe has been out a dozen times, looking for you, Pip”. “And she is out now.”

C. Report what these famous people said (stupid quotes):1. "I think that gay marriage is something that should be between a man and a woman." -

Arnold Schwarzenegger2. "Traditionally, most of Australia's imports come from overseas." - Former Australian cabinet

minister Keppel Enderbery 3. "If you take out the killings, Washington actually has a very low crime rate." - Marion Barry,

mayor of Washington, D.C.4. "Sure there have been injuries and deaths in boxing - but none of them serious." - Alan

Minter, Boxer5. "Better make it six, I can't eat eight." - Dan Osinski, Baseball pitcher, when a waitress asked

whether he wanted his pizza cut into six or eight slices.6. "The doctors X-rayed my head and found nothing." - Dizzy Dean explaining to the media

how he felt after being hit on the head by a ball in the 1934 World Series. 7. "For most people, death comes at the end of their lives." - GLR broadcaster, UK 8. "I owe a lot to my parents, especially my mother and father." - Greg Norman, Golfer9. "I get to go to lots of overseas places, like Canada." - Britney Spears, Pop Singer10. "I don't diet. I just don't eat as much as I'd like to." - Linda Evangelista, Supermodel11. "So, where's the Cannes Film Festival being held this year?" - Christina Aguilera12. "Listen, everyone is entitled to my opinion." - Madonna

D. Rewrite in Reported Speech1. ‘I watch a film on Saturdays.’ Caroline said 2. ‘He’s my best friend.’ Fed told me 3. ‘The scarf is in my bag.’ Janice said 4. ‘This film wasn’t very interesting.’ Tom told me 5. ‘This isn’t my school.’ Jerry said 6. ‘We’ll walk for half an hour’ Yesterday Jennifer told me 7. ‘These T-shirts don’t fit me.’ Mike said 8. ‘We’re parking our car here.’ They said 9. ‘It’s my boyfriend’s birthday party tomorrow.’ Helen told me 10. ‘I think there will be a students’ meeting very soon.’ He said 11. ‘It’s difficult to finish this project this week.’ The students said 12. ‘I’m not busy now.’ Alicia told me 13. ‘I don’t want these CDs anymore.’ My brother said 14. ‘We feel fine now.’ The girls said

15. ‘We’re going to the shopping today.’ My parents told me 16. ‘She had finished her homework when I arrived.’ Mary said 17. ‘I often think about my future.’ Marik said 18. ‘I go the doctor tomorrow. I am not feeling well’ Helen said E. Make indirect sentences in the past. A1) 'When did you buy this television set?' Frank to Jenny2) 'Why will you plant trees in the garden?' Mr Ford to Lola3) 'Let's play basketball.' I to Ben4) 'I met your mother yesterday.' Mrs Gibson to Dave5) 'What is the capital of India?' Sally to Rob6) 'Tidy your room, children.' Mother7) 'You are standing on my foot now.' Sally to Rob8) 'Will you help me with my homework?' Sally to Rob9) 'Meet me in front of the cinema.' Frank to Jenny10) 'Were you looking after your little sister yesterday, Julie? FrankB

1. “I spent a lot last Friday”, she said 2. “I worked hard last week”, he said 3. “You have extra lessons this week”, they told us4. “I’ve won a fortune on the football pools”, my uncle said5. “Mrs Johnson isn’t at work today because she is ill”, the secretary said6. “I’m going to buy a car tomorrow”, he told me7. “I don’t have much money”, Tony told me8. “It may rain at the weekend”, he said

C1. “Who’s that girl?” , I asked 2. “What’s your name?”, the boy asked me 3. “Do you have any brothers or sisters?”, I asked her4. “Did you hear that explosion?”, they asked us5. “have you spent all your money?”, his mother asked6. “ When did Peter get up?”, I asked them 7. “Where have they gone?”, she asked me 8. “Do you think it will rain tomorrow?” I asked him

D1. “Don’t touch that”, my mum said (tell)2. “Have a rest!” She said (tell)3. “Please, don’t drive so fast” his wife said (ask)4. “ Don’t tell anybody” I said (warn)5. “Give this to your brother”, my father said (tell)6. “Would you like to go on holiday with us?” they said (invite)7. “Don’t forget to post the letter” she said (remind)8. “If I were you, I wouldn’t take the job” she told him (advise)9. “Let’s walk instead of waiting for the bus”, Philip said

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