Ambreiaje

7/21/2019 Ambreiaje

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Cuprins

CAPITOLUL I 2

ARGUMENT

CAPITOLUL II 3 AMBREIAJE 2.1. ROLUL SI CLASIFICAREA AMBREIAJELOR 2.2 AMBREIAJE CU FRICTIUNE NORMAL CUPLATE 2.2.1 AMBREIAJE SIMPLE

2.2.2 AMBREIAJE DUBLE 2.3 MONTAREA TRANSMISIILOR CU ROTI CU FRICTIUNE 2.4 CALCULUL AMBREIAJELOR CU FRICTIUNE 2.5 CONSTRUCTIA SI CALCULUL PRINCIPALELOR DE ELEMENTEALE AMBREIAJULUI CU FRICTIUNI 2.5.1 DISCURILE AMBREIAJULUI 2.5.2 ARBORELE AMBREIAJULUI 2.5.3 ARCURILE AMBREIAJULUI 2.6 MECANISMUL DE ACTIONARE A AMBREIAJULUI

2.7 ASAMBLAREA VOLANTILOR 2.8 MONTAREA CUPLAJELOR

CAPITOLUL III 19 NORME DE TEHNICA SECURITATII MUNCII

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CAPITOLUL I Argument

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

&!"#$%#%% /%" -&% *%"!&' /%" (,'+' /%" +!" /%" (!+, /%" -&% *' %(%,"' /%" ;-+!"%

/%" (,/+!<' T%/,+ *' &!"#$%#%' $'(!"%(! #' #&!%+'&' &%"!"* #'!$! *' *%#&!"&! *%"&!:' /,&''! *' &!"#$%#%' !/-&,+ *' &!"#$%&''!"*!$'"&(-"*%&%% *,"(&%-"!'(-"#&,(&%! $!%"%% #!, ! $'(!"%#$,+,%.

A#&'+ +! $!%"%+',"'+&' #' ="&>+"'#( !(;'"& &!"#$%#%%+' /%" -*%"&!&'+! (-$/'#-!' &!"#$%#%%+' /%" (,'+'+! ,"'+&' /'#' &!"#$%#%%+' /%" -&% *%(%,"'.

T'"-+-)%! #% ,&%+!<'+' -+-#%&' +! !#!$+!'! &!"#$%#%%+- $'(!"%(' #,#/'(%%(' %'('% (!&')-%% *' &!"#$%#%'.

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CAPITOLUL II Ambreiajul

2.1. Rolul si clasificarea ambreiajelor

A$'%!<,+ '#&' #,!"#!$+,+ (!' #' /+!#'!0 %"&' !-'+' (-&%& !+ $-&-,+,% (,&%! *' ;%&'0'#'/!!"*,+ (%"'$!&%( *' ('+'+!+&' '+'$'"&' !+' &!"#$%#%'%. I" (!0,&!(&-!'+- #' ",$'&' !$'%!< /%"(%/!+ #/' ! #' *'-#'% *' ('+'+!+&' !$'%!<':%#&'"&' %" &!"#$%#%' (! !$'%!< *' *%'(%' !$'%!<,+ /%#'% *' /,&''.

C,/+!<'+' %"&'$%&'"&' *'",$%&' #% !$'%!<' #,"& ('+' (!' /'$%& (,/+!'?!$'%''!@ #!, *'(,/+!'! ?*''%''!@ !-%+- !&>& %" $'# (!& #% %" '/!,# !! ! *'$-"&!&'.

A$'%!<,+ !' -+,+ #! *'(,/+'0' &!"#$%#%! *' $-&- +! -/%'! &'$/-!!!,&-$-%+,+,% (, $-&-,+ %" ,"(%,"' /'(,$ #% +! #(%$!'! &'/&'+- *' ;%&'0' !#%),' *'$!!'! %" ,"' (-"*%%% !#%),>"* - ('&'' /-)'#%;! ! #-+%(%&%+- &!"#$%#%' #! +%$%&'0' ;!+-!'! $!:%$! ! $-$'"&,+,% *' #,(%' %" -)!"'&!"#$%#%'% #% $-&-,+,% /%" /!&%"!'! '+'$'"&'+- #!+' %" (!0,+ (>"* '0%#&'"&'="&>$/%"!&' *' !,&-$-%+ ('#( ,#( ="*'/+%"%"* !#&'+ #% -+,+ *' (,/+!< *' #%),!"

#! !(%-"'0' ,"'+' $'(!"%#$' *' +,(,.

Clasificarea ambreiajelor A('!#&! #' !(' *,/ $!% $,+&' (%&'%%!#! (,$ #' !!&! %" ('+' (' ,$'!0

D,/ $-*,+ %" (!' #' '!+%0'!0 !$'%''!*''%''! ':%#&! !$'%!<(, (-$!"*!M!",!+! '+'(&%(! /"',$!&%(! %*!,+%(!. D,/ /%"(%/%,+ *' ,"(%-"!' #' *%#&%") !$'%!<'

(, (-"&!(& %)%* $!% '(;'"& ="&>+"%&' #,"& ('+' (, )'!' #!, (, *%"%. L!('#&'! (,/+!'! #' /-!&' ''(&,! ",$!% %" '/!,# #!, +! &,!%% $%(% #% ", #

/'$%&' -&%'! '+!&%;! ! !-%+- %" &%$/,+ !"&'"%%. (, (-"&!(& '+!#&%( ",$%&' #% (,/+!<' %"&'$%&'"&' (, %(%,"'.

V!%!"&'+' (-"#&,(&%;' *'# ,&%+%0!&' #,"& ('+' (, *%#(,% (-"%(' #!, (%+%"*%(A('#&'! /'$%& (,/+!'!*'(,/+!'! #, #!(%"! +! -%(' &,!%' !#%),>"* - *'$!!(-"&%",! !! -(,% ! $!%"%%. D' !#'$'"'! /'$%& -&!%! '+!&%;! ! !-%+-

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&%$/,+ !"&'"%%. D%" !('#& $-&%; '"-$'"'+' (!!(&'%#&%(' ,"(%-"!%% !('#&- (,/+!'#&' ="(+0%'! #% ,0!'! #,/!''+- *' '(!'. A('#&' (,/+!<' #,"& -+-#%&' %" #/'(%!+ $!%"%,"'+&' !,&-;'%(,+' $!%"% *' %*%(!& %"#&!+!%% *' -!< #% /-$/!' (-"(!#-!$!+!:-!'. D!&-%&! !/%% ':'(%&!&' /%" -&! *' !$'%'' ?#!, *' (,/+!'@ !&>&

/-"%' (!& #% %" &%$/,+ ,"(%-"!%% %"&' #,/!''+' *' %(%,"' !+' *%#(,%+- ':%#-&! *' '(!' F µ ⋅ . A('!#&! /-*,(' $-$'"&,+ *' '(!' !+ !")'"!<,+,% (!' ;*'/%"*' *' (-'%(%'"&,+ *' '(!' µ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D,/ (-"#&,(%! $'(!"%#$,+,% *' /'#%,"' #' *'-#''#( !$'%!"-$!+ (,/+!&' #% !$'%!<' !(,+&!&%; (,/+!&'. D,/ "!&,! '(%% #' *'-#''#( !$'%!<' (, '(!' ,#(!&! !$'%!<' (, '(!' ,$'*!. D,/ $-*,+ *' *%#&%,%' ! /,&'%% &!"#$%#%' #' *'-#''#( !$'%!<' (," #%"), #'"# ?,"%#'"# @ #% !$'%!<' (, *-,! #'"#,% ?%#'"#@.

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

#,"& %"' !+'#' #!, (-"('& (!+(,+!&'.

2.2. Ambreiaje cu fricţiunenormal cuplate

A$'%!<'+' "-$!+' (,/+!&' #' ="&>+"'#( +! $!<-%&!&'! !,&-$-%+'+-. E+' (+!#%%(! %" !$'%!<' #%$/+' #% !$'%!<' *,+'. A$'%!<'+' #%$/+' #,"& !('+' !$'%!<' (!' /'$%& &!"#$%&''! /,&'",$!% %"&," #%"), +,: +! &!"#$%#%! !,&-$-%+,+,%. A$'%!<'+' *,+' #,"& -+-#%&' +! &!(&-!' #% /'$%& &!"#$%&''! /,&'%% *' $-&- %" *-,! +,:,% +!

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&!"#$%&''! &!(&-,+,% #% +! &!"#$%#%! !-'+,% /%0'% *' /,&''.

2.2.1. Ambreiaje simple

L! !$'%!<'+' "-$!+ (,/+!&' #%$/+' -&! *' !/#!' "'('#!! %"&#,/!''+' *' '(!' #' '!+%0'!0 (, !<,&-,+ !(,%+- (!' /-& % !'0!&' %" *-,;!%!"&' $!% $,+&' !(,% *' /!&'! -"&!+! ! *%#(,+,% *' /'#%,"' ," #%"), !('"&!+. D'(,/+!'! !$'%!<,+,% #' !(' !/#>"* /' /'*!+! 7 ! $'(!"%#$,+,% **'(,/+!'. P%" %"&'$'*%,+ ,",% #%#&'$ *' />)%% #' *'/+!#'!0 $!"-",+ 6 (!' >"*,+ +,% !/!# /' />)%%+' *' *'(,/+!' 5 #% /%" %"&'$'*%,+ &%<'+- 5 #' '&!)*%#(,+ *' /'#%,"' 3 (-$/%$>"* #,/+%$'"&! !(,%+' 9. C,/+!'! !$'%!<,+,% #' !(

/%" '+%'!'! /'*!+'% 7.

1 ;-+!"& 6 $!"#-",+

2 (!(!#! 7 /'*!+!3 *%#(,+ *' /'#%,"' 8 !-'4 &%<! 9 !(5 /!)%% *' *'(,/+!' 1 *%#( *' %(&%,"' 11 ,&,(

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I" (-$/!!%' (, !$'%!<'+' (, ," #%"), *%#( !$'%!<'+' (, $!% $,+*%#(,% /'0%"& *'0!;!"&!<,+ (! !, - *'(,/+!' $!% /,%" /''(&! (,/+!'! +- '#&' %"$!% +%"! ="(>& #' !#%),! - *'$!!' *' !#'$'"'! +%"! (''! (' (-"#&%&,%' ," !;!"&!&! *' ('+' (, ," #%"), *%#(. I" /+,# !('#&' !$'%!<' &!"#$%& ," (,/+, $-&- $!$!'. M!<-%&!&'! !,&-$-%+'+- -+-#'#( (! !$'%!<' /%"(%/!+' !$'%!<'+' (, ,#%"), *%#(.

2.2.2. Ambreiaje uble

A$'%!<'+' *,+' '/'0%"& ',"%,"'! ! *-,! !$'%!<' %"&," #%")!"#!$+, ,",+ *%" !$'%!<' &!"#$%&' /,&''! *' +! $-&- +! &!"#$%#%' ?!$'%

/%"(%/!+@ %! ('+!+!+& +! !-'+' /%0'% *' /,&'' ?!$'%!<,+ /%0'% *' /,&''@. S,&%+%0'!0 *' '),+! +! &!(&-!'. A$'%!<' *,+' (!' ="*'/+%"'#( &-!&' ('+' /!&, -/'!%%.I" %),! 6.6. '#&' '/'0'"&!&! #('$! ,",% !#'$'"'! !$'%!<. C-"#&,(%! (-"#&! *%

*-,! !$'%!<'→!$'%!<,+ /%"(%/!+ #% !$'%!<,+ /%0'% *' /,&'' ?%),! 6.6. !A(,%+' 14 !/!# *%'(& /' *%#(,+ *' /'#%,"' !+ !$'%!<,+,% /%"(%/!+ #% /' *%#(,*' /'#%,"' 11 !+ !$'%!<,+,% /%0'% *' /,&'' !$'+' *%#(,% *' /'#%,"' %%"

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

!#'$'"'! (-"#&,(%' *' !$'%!< *,+, /'$%&' &'% /-#%%+%&!&% *' ,"(%-"!!$'%!<,+ /%"(%/!+ #% !$'%!<,+ /%0'% *' /,&'' #,"& (,/+!&' ?/-0%%! %"&'$'*%!!$!"-",+,% 7 '#&' *'/+!#!& +! *'!/&!@ !$'%!<,+ /%"(%/!+ '#&' (,/+!& %! !$'%!<,

/%0'% '#&' *'(,/+!& ?$!"-",+ 7 '#&' *'/+!#!& +! #&>")!@. A#&'+ ", '#&' /-#%%*'(,/+!'! %" !('+!% &%$/ ! !$'+- !$'%!<'.

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R')+!'! !$'%!<,+,% #' !(' !#&'+ /'"&, #&!%+%'! /-0%%' (-'(&' #%#&'$,+,% *' />)%% #' -+-#'&' ':('"&%(,+ ' %! /'"&, $-*%%(!'! *%#&!"&'% %"&(!/&,+ ,,,+,% #% *%#(,+ *' /'#%,"' 11 #' ,&%+%0'!0 ,,,+ *' ')+!' 5.

1 *%#(,+ *' /'#%,"' 8 !-'+'2 *%#(,+ *' %(&%,"' 9 !-'+'3 ;-+!"&,+ 1 !-'4 &%<! 11 *%#( *' /'#%,"'5 #,,,+ 12 ;-+!"&,+ *%#(,+,%

6 /!)%! 13 *%#( *' %(&%,"'7 $!"#-",+ 14 !(,%+'

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2.!. "ontarea transmisiilor

cu roti cu fricţiune

T!"#$%#%%+' (, -&% (, %(%,"' #';'#( +! &!"#$%&''! #% &!"#-$!'$%#(!%% *' -&!%' -+-#%"* '(!'! (' %! "!&'' %"&' #,/!''+' *' (-"&!(&.

A;!"&!<'+' &!"#$%#%%+- (, -&% (, %(%,"' #,"& (-"#&,(%' #%$/+#%),!"! +! #,/!#!(%"% $'# +%"%&%& #% !! -(,% /'$%& (,/+!'! #% *'(,/+!'! %

&%$/,+ $'#,+,%. D'0!;!"&!<'+' !('#&- &!"#$%#%% #,"& !/-&,+ *' &!"#$%&'' #' $-*%%(*%" (!,0! /!&%"%+- %" &%$/,+ $'#,+,% /,&'%+' *' &!"#$%&'' #,"& $%(%. R-&%+' (, %(%,"' #' ('"&'!0 /' !-' %' /%"&," !<,#&!< (%+%"*%(

/%"&," !<,#&!< (-"%(. T!"#$%&''! $-$'"&,+,% #' '!+%0'!0 (, !<,&-,+ /'"'+- ?/!!+'+' #!*%#(@ %! !#%),!'! =$/-&%;! %'%%% *' /' !-' (, !<,&-,+ ,",% ,, #!, !+ ,"

/%,+%'. "!%"&' *' $-"&!' #' ;'%%(! &!%! -"&!+! #% !*%(!+! (!' /-& #! !%

;!+-% $!% $!% *'(>& ('+' !*$%#%%+' *!&-%&! ,"- /'+,(% "'=")%<%&'. S' %"&-*,( -&%+' /' !-' #% #' (-"&-+'!0 (, (!+%, *' %"&'#&% /!!+'+%#$,+ #% (-"&!(&,+ *%"&' -&%. A/-% #' $-"&'!0 /'"'+' %" +-(!,% #' %"&-*,( -&%+' /' !-% #% #' #&>"

/%,+%'+' #!, ,,,%+'.

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2.4. Calculul ambreiajelor cu fricţiune

L! /-%'(&!'! !$'%!<,+,% (, %(%,"' ' '0-+;! ,$&-!'+' /-+'$#&!%+%'! $-$'"&,+,% $!:%$ *' '(!' !+ !$'%!<,+,% ?! $-$'"&,+,% *' (!+(,+*'&'$%"!'! -'% *' !/#!' !#,/! #,/!''+- *' '(!' (!' #! !#%),&!"#$%&''! (,/+,+,% $-&- *'&'$%"!'! ",$,+,% #% *%$'"#%,"%+- #,/!''+- *'(!' *'&'$%"!'! !/-&,+,% *' &!"#$%&'' !+ $'(!"%#$,+,% *' !(%-"!'

!$'%!<,+,% *%$'"#%-"!'! !+&- /%'#' !+' !$'%!<,+,%. D'&'$%"!'! *%$'"#%,"%+- /%"(%/!+' !+' !$'%!<,+,% D%$'"#%,"%+' !$'%!<,+,% #' *'&'$%"! *%" (-"*%%! *' &!"#$%&'' ! ,"$-$'"& *' #,(%' $!% $!' *'(>& $-$'"&,+ (,/+,+,% $-&- "-$%"!+.

U"*'M!$-$'"&,+ *' (!+(,+M"$-$'"&,+ (,/+,+,% $-&-

(-'%(%'"&,+ *' '0';! !+' !$'%!<,+,%

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2.#. Construcţia si calculul

principalelor elemente ale ambreiajului cu fricţiune

2.5.1. D%#(,%+' !$'%!<,+,% L! !$'%!<'+' (, ,",+ #% *-,! *%#(,% %"&-*'!,"! *%#(,%+' #,"& (!/&,#%(, $!&'%!+' *' %(%,"' %" #(-/,+ '*,('%% *%$'"#%,"%+- #% )',&!&%% (-"#&,(%'%. L!$'%!<'+' (, &'% #!, $!% $,+&' *%#(,% *%#(,%+' #' ':'(,&! !&>& (, )!"%&,% *%(%,"' (!& #% !!.

M!&'%!+'+' *' %(%,"' &',%' #! ="*'/+%"'!#( ,$&-!'+' (-"*%%% /-#'*' - '0%#&'"&! +! ,0,! $!' #! !% ," (-'%(%'"& *' '(!' %*%(!& ! (!'% ;!+-!#! !$!"! #&!%+! /!"! +! &'$/'!&,% *' 3−35°C #! /-#'*' - '0%#&'"&! $'(!"%(%*%(!&! - ,"! (-"*,(&%%+%&!&' &'$%(! #% #! #' /'+,('0' ,-. I" /'0'"& $!&'%!+'+' *' %(%,"' ('+' $!% %"&',%"&!&' #,"& !%'#&,+ '-*-,+. L! !$'%!<'+' (, ," *%#( *%#(,+ (-"*,# #' $-"&'!0 /' !-'!$'%!<,+,% /%" %"&'$'*%,+ ,",% ,&,(. D%#(,+ (, ,&,(,+ #' ,"'#( /%" "%&,%' #% $! (, ,,,%.

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2.5.2. Arborele ambreiajului

C-"#&,(%! !-'+,% !$'%!<,+,% '#&' *'&'$%"!&! *' &%/,+ !$'%!<,+,% #% *(-"#&,(%! )'"'!+! ! !,&-$-%+,+,%. L! $-"&!< &',%' #! #' !#%),' (-!:%!+%&!&'! !-'+,% (-&%& (, !$'%!<,+. D-%('% !('#&! #' !#%),! /%" *-% ,+$'"% *%" (!' ,",+ #' $-"&'!0 %"&," !+'0!< ;-+!"&,+,% #!, !+ !-'+,% (-&%& %! ('+!+!+& %" (!&',+ !$'%!<,+,%. L! '+ &',%' #! #!% %" ;'*'' "'('#%&!&'! ('"&%% (!(!#'% !$'%!<,+,% !&! *' $-&-. A-'+' !$'%!<,+,% #' (!+(,+'!0 +! #,(%' +! (,/+,+ "-$%"!+ M" $-&-,+,%

τ!&=M" : 2*3

U"*'!&'0%#&'"&! !*$%#%%+! M"$-$'"&,+ (,/+,+,% $-&-

2*(-'%(%'"& *' #%),!"&!

2.5.3. Arcurile ambreiajului

L! !$'%!<' *' -%('% #' -+-#'#( !(,% '+%(-%*!+' (%+%"*%(' ,"'-% #-+-#'#( !(,% (-"%(' #% *%#(.

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L! !$'%!<'+' "-$!+ (,/+!&' !(,%+' #' $-"&'!0 %" #&!' (-$/%$!&F-&! &-&!+! *' (-$/'#%,"' &',%' #! %' ')!+! (, -&! *' /'#%,"' % !('!#&! %(!0,+ %" (!' !(,%+' !(&%-"'!0! !#,/! *%#(,+,% *' /'#%,"' %" $-* "'$%<+-(%&. D!(!(,%+' !(&%-"'!0! !#,/! *%#(,+,% *' /'#%,"' /%" %"&'$'*%,+ />)%%+- !&,"&',%' #! #' %! %" (-"#%*'!' #% !/-&,+ *' &!"#$%&'' !+ />)%%+-. N-&>"* (, ! ",$,+ !(,%+- -&! F- (!' !(&%-"'!0! !#,/! ,",% !( ;% *!&! *' '+!%!

F- = : 85 !U"*'F--&! (!' !(&%%-"'!0! !#,/! ,",% !( ! ",$!,+ !(,%+-

85"',"%-$%&!&'! !(,%+- -&! *' /'#%,"'

2.6. "ecanismul e acţionare

a ambreiajului

L! /-%'(&!'! $'(!"%#$,+,% *' !(%-"!' ! !$'%!<,+,% #' !, %" ;'*'&%/,+ !,&-$-%+,+,% #% !+ !$'%!<,+,% /-#%%+%&!&%+' *' '*,('' ! '-&,+,% #% --#'+(-"*,(&-,+,% #% *%#&!"&! (' #'/!! !$'%!<,+ *' +-(,+ *' (-"*,(''.

M'(!"%#$,+ *' !(%-"!' $'(!"%( ?%),! 6.18@ '#&' *%"&' &-!$'(!"%#$'+' ('+ $!% #%$/+, #% $!% %'&%" ",$!% (! '-&,+ *' !(%-"!' '#&' +%$%&!& 34 N *%" (!' (!,0! $-$'"&,+ /' (!' =+ /-!&' &!"#$%&' ," !#&'+ *' !$'%!< "

/-!&' *'/!#% 345 ⋅ 12 N$ *'(% *-$'"%,+ *' ,&%+%0!' !+ !('#&,% $'(!"%#$ '#&' +%$%&!&.

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P'#%,"'! *' +,(, ! !',+,% '#&' ')!+! (, 14⋅15 N$2 +! - '(;'"&!(,/+%+- *' 8 (%(+,% /' $%",&. A$'%!<,+ (, , !#&'+ *' $'(!"%#$ *' !(%-"!

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M'(!"%#$,+ *' !(&%-"!' '+'(&%( . E:%#&! &'% &%/,% *' !(&%-"!% '+'(&%(%" ,"(&%' *' $-*,+ (,$ #' &!"#$%&' $-$'"&,+ $-&- %"&' *%#(,+ (-"*,(!&- #% ((-"*,# !+ !$'%!<,+,% &!"#$%&''! /' #'!$! (-"&!(&,+,% *%"&' ('+' *-,! *%#(,!$'%!<' '+'(&-$!)"'&%(' &!"#$%&''! *!&-%&! !(&%-"!%% (!$/,+,% $!)"'&%( *%#(,+,% (-"*,(!&- '#/'(&%; (-"*,#!$'%!<' '+'(&%(' (, !+,"'(!'.

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1 !-' (-"*,(!&- 2 !$'%!<,+ 3 '+'(&-$!)"'&,+ 4 -&-

2.7. Aamblarea !olanţilor

V-+!"&%% #,"& -)!"' *' $!#%"% *' *%$'"#%,"% #% )',&!&% '+!&%; $!% ,&%+%0!+! ,"%-$%0!'! ;%&'0'+- *' -&!&%% ! !-%+- *%'%&'+- $!#%"% #% $'(!"%#$' !(-,"*' (-"*%&%%+' *' ,"(&%-"!' %$/," !('#& +,(,. A#!$+!'! ;-+!"&%+- /' !-% #' /-!&' '!+%0! /%" $!% $,+&' $'&-*' !",$'

!#!$+!'! /' #,/!!&! (-"%(! #% /!"! !#!$+!'! (, +!"#! #% #,,,% !#!$+!'! /' !-' (%+%"*%( #% /!"!

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

/'+,(!%+' #,/+%$'"&!' /'"&, -&%"''! #,/!'&'+- (-"%(' *' ('"&!'. O !&'"&%' *'-#'%&! &',%' #! #' !(-*' +! !#!$+!'! ;-+!"&%+- /!-% /-+'$'% '(%+%!%% #&!&%(' ?('"&,+ *' )',&!&' #! %' /' !:! *' -&!&%'@ '(%+%!%% *%"!$%(' ! /%'#'+- ?*%#&%,%'! ,"%-$! ! $!#'% *' $'&!+ *'! +,")

/%'#'%@ I"*%''"& *' $'&-*! *' $-"&!' ,&%+%0!&! '#&' "'('#! /'"&, !#!$+!'

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;-+!"&%+- #% /-#%%+%&!&'! *' !(&%-"!' $!",!+!. I" (!0,+ $'&-*'% *' !#!$+!' (, +!"#! #% #,,,% !-'+' '#&' !#'0 /' +!)!'+' (!(!#'% !;!"* +!"#! #% - /!&' *%" #,,,% $-"&!&' %"%&%!+ %! ;-+!"&'#&' !*,# %" /-0%&%' ;'&%(!+! !#&'+ (! !:! )!,%+- #! (-'#/,"*! (, !:#,,,%+- *,/! (!' #' %"&-*,( #% ('+'+!+&' #,,,%. S' !(' !/-% %"#,,!'

/%,+%&'+- %" $-* ,"%-$ #% #' !#%),! %$/-&%;! *'#,,!%%. L! $-"&!'! /' #,/!!&! (-"%(! #% /!"! #' !(' %"%&%!+ ;'%%(!'%),-!#! ! (-"&!(&,+,% *%"&' #,/!'&'+' (-"%(' /%" $-"&!'! +%'! ! ;-+!"&,+?!! /!"!@ #% ('"&!'! (-",+,% !-'+,% /' (!' #! *'/,# %" /'!+!%+ ," #&#,&%' *' ;-/#'!.

D!(! ':'(,&%! #,/!'&'% (-"%(' ", '#&' (-'(&! /!&! *' (-"&!(& ", ;! *%#&%,%&! ,"%-$ /' &-!&! #,/!!&! (-",+,% #% %" !('#& (!0 '#&' "'('#!! !<,#&!'#,/!'&'% (-"%(' ! ,&,(,+,% /%" !0,%' #!, /%" -*!' *,/! (-",+ !-'+,%.

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2.". #on$area cu%lajelor

C,/+!<'+' #,"& -)!"' *' $!#%"% /%" %"&'$'*%,+ (!-! #' !#%),&!"#$%&''! $%#(!%% *' -&!&%' ! $-$'"&,+,% *' &-#%,"' #' +%$%&'!0! #!(%"%+' #(-$/'"#'!0! '-%+' *' ':'(,&%' #% *' $-"&!< *%"&' &-"#-!"'+' !('+,%!#% !-' ! ,"!-% *%'%% #!, ! !+&- -)!"' *' $!#%"%. C,/+!<'+' $'(!"%(' /-& % (+!#%%(!&! %" *-,! ),/' $!% ?STAS 782@ !",$'

(,/+!<' /'$!"'"&'(,/+!<' %"&'$%&'"&'?!$'%!<

F%'(!' &%/ *' (,/+!< !' - &'"-+-)%' #/'(%%(! *' !#!$+!' %" !/-& (, (-"#&,(&%!

*'#&%"!&%! #! %" (!*,+ $!#%"%% *%" (!' !(' /!&'.

M-"&!'! (, +!"#' #!, (, *%#(,% ?;'0% %),!@ %"('/' (, ;'%%(!(-!:%%+%&!&%% !-%+-. D%#(,%+' #' $-"&'!0! /' (!/'&'+' !-'+,% /%" %$/!"!

/'#!' +! '(' #!, +! (!+*. E+' #' /-& %:! #% /%" #,*!' #!, #' '!+%"%!0! *%"&- ,(!(, !-'+' '#/'(&%;. P-0%&%! *' ('"&!' ! *%#(,%+- #' !#%),! /%"&," /!) *' ('"&!' %%:!'! #' !(' (, #,,,%.

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CAPITOLU III

N-$' *' &'"%(! ! #'(,%&!&%% $,"(%%

G!"%&,%+' *' %(&%,"' #' %:'!0! /' !('+' *%#(,% *' +! (!' '#

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

"'&'*'.L! !$'%!<'+' (!' ,"(&%-"'!0! %" ,+'% #,/!'&'+' *' '(!' !(!"!+' (!' #' ':'(,&! %" &%$/,+ -$!%% #!, ,+&'%- /%" &!%''.R-,(!"!+'+- '#&' *' ! !#%),! ,")'! #% !(%'! #,/!'&'+- *' '(!' #% *!#'$'"'! %"*'/!&!'! /-*,#'+- ,0,%% *' /' !('#&' #,/!'&'.

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D%#(,%+' !$'%!<'+- (!' ,"(&%-"'!0! %" ,+'% &',%' #! !%! *,%&!&' %*%(!&! #' ':'(,&! *%" OLC 445565 M 1 %! *,%&!&'! *,/&!&!$'"&,+ &'$%( &',%' #! %' *' ('+ /,&%" 4 HRC. P'"&, ! !#%),! ," (-"&!(& /' &-!&! #,/!!&! *%#(,%+' *' /'#%,"

&',%' #! !%! - %)%*%&!&' $!'. E+' #' ':'(,&! *%" -"&! ('",#%' ?F( 15 #% F( 2@ #!, *%" -"&! !+%!&! ((-$ #% "%('+.G-#%$'! *%#(,+,% '#&' *' 24$$. L! !$'%!<'+' $-"-*%#( %" #(-/,+ $!%%% '+!#&%(%&!&%% !:%!+' *%#(,+,% *' -&'+ ?(!' !#%),! - ('#&'' /-)'#%;! ! $-$'"&,+,% *' !#,(%+! (,/+!'@ /'(,$ #% /'"&, ';%&!'! -$!%+- (' /-& !/!'! *%" (!,0%"(!+0%%% *%#(,+ #' ':'(,&! !*'#'! (, &!%'&,% !*%!+' (!' %+ #'/!! %" $!$,+&' #'(&-!' %"*-%&' !:%!+ %" #'"#,% -/,#'.

&I&LIO'(A)I*

Ion #oraru .a:”Utilajul si tehnologia meseriei”,

E*%&,! D%*!(&%(! #% P'*!)-)%(! B,(,'#&%1999.+.Tecuan .a$% Tractoare si automobile”,

E*%&,! D%*!(&%(! #% P'*!)-)%(! B,(,'#&%1982.(u,an-ra + .a:”Organe de masini si mecanisme”,

E*%&,! S%)$!B,(,'#&%22.

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