01 - Intr0 2015

7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015

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PETE 3036

Well Logging

Spring 2015

7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


Well LoggingPETE 3036

Instructor: Dr. Dahi

Office: OFB, Rm. 139

Email: [email protected] Hours: T 1:30-2:30

Class: M-W-F 2:30- 3:20 PM

7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


PETE 3036 - Well Logging

• Graduate Assistant: Mr. Juan Bautista

• Help sessions with Mr. Bautista

• Homeworks will be assigned, thenexplained in class with answers given. Theymay or may not be graded. Quiz are mainly(not necessarily) based on the previoushomework.

7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


Program Educational Objectives

The program educational objectives of the BS program inPetroleum Engineering at LSU are to produce graduates,who within 2-5 years after graduation and for theremainder of their careers are able to:

1. Perform as engineering professionals in the upstream oil and gasindustry, including academia and government, and succeed inleadership, research, operational and technical roles

2. Identify opportunities, solve open ended engineering problems andmake decisions and plans in the presence of uncertainty utilizingappropriate engineering and design principles

3. Effectively convey information, including technical concepts, risks,and recommendations, to and from peers, employers and employees,and the public

4. Demonstrate a high standard of professional ethics throughouttheir careers

7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


Course Materials

• Openhole Log Analysis and Formation

Evaluation, Second Edition

• Textbook 2: Theory, Measurement and

Interpretation of Well Logs by Zaki

Bassiouni

• Logs from SL 195 QQ # 98 – Provided bySchlumberger and Helis Oil and Gas

• Slides from Lectures – Will be posted on

Moodle

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Recommended Reading Material

• Schlumberger Log Interpretation

Principles/Applications

• Basic Well Log Analysis, Second EditionBy George Asquith and Daniel Krygowski,

AAPG Methods in Exploration No. 16

• Introduction to Wireline Log Analysis(Baker Atlas)

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Ground Rules

• Leaving Lecture Cannot come back

• No side conversations

• No eating/drinking in the class• Turn off cell phones, pagers, Blackberrys

• No Talking – No newspaper /magazine

reading During Lecture

• Questions Encouraged During Lecture

7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


Ground Rules

• “Office Hours” based on posted schedule

• Be prepared to answer questions abouthomework and reading assignments

• Honesty in exams and assignments isexpected and assumed. Infractions will bedealt with.

• Medical excuses need documentation.Absences for band, sports, etc. must bearranged in advance

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Feedback from previous classes

• Too much theory, not enough application – also

2010 and 2011 -> 2012&2013 not mentioned

• Make tests reflect the homework

• More time for tests – test format• Class was great

• Textbook too intricate for what we actuallylearned

7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


Learnings from Previous Classes

• Mistakes in reading scales

• Mistakes in calculations

• Solving the wrong problem

• Using the wrong log header information

• Not coming to class

• Not using the homework as practice

opportunity

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PETE 3036 – Course Grades

• 3 Quizzes 18%

• Homework 5%

• 2 Midterms 40%

• Final 35%

• Well Logging Demo 2%

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Homework and Quizzes

• Will be assigned on Wednesdays• Will discuss with answers the next Wednesday

• Short quiz covering the homework next

Wednesday• Grading criteria:

– Answering the question that was asked

– Showing the work that was requested

(including plots, etc)

– The right answer

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PETE 3036 Mathematics

• Log-Log and Semi-Log Plots

• Exponential Equations

• Deriving equations from plots of data

• Necessary to understand the basis for

resistivity logging

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WinSauer et al - 1952

• 30 Samples

• Different Wells

• Different Ages

• Depth of 10,700’

Known as

“Humble”

equation

Approximation

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• Department Policy: Only

TI-36X Pro calculator is

allowed in the quiz andexams!

• NCEES approved

calculator.• Plan accordingly! No

exception…

PETE 3036 - Mathematics

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Formation Evaluation

• Purpose: Determine properties of interest that arerequired to determine size and value ofhydrocarbon reservoirs, and to develop a plan torecover these hydrocarbons

• Properties include: porosity, permeability, poresize distribution, compressibility, thickness,

percentage of pore space filled by various fluids(saturations)

• Some properties cannot be measured directly, but

can be related to other measurements (example –hydrocarbon saturation is related to electricalresistivity)

• OOIP = 7758 So . φ. h . area/Bo

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FORMATION EVALUATION

TECHNIQUES

• Core Analysis

• Fluid Analysis

• Pressure and Flow Test

• Well Logging

– Logging while drilling (LWD)

– Electric line logging

• Open hole logging

• Cased hole logging

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ADVANTAGES OF WELL LOGS

• Obtain large amount of data in relatively

short time.

• Reasonable cost.

• In-situ measurement of formation

properties.

• Determine where other tests should be

conducted.

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SHORTCOMINGS OF WELL LOGS

• Indirect measurement of needed

parameters.

• Need for involved interpretation

techniques.

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USERS OF WELL LOGS IN THE

PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

• Exploration Geologists

– depositional environment

• Development Geologist – maps

– cross-sections

• Drilling Engineer

– abnormal pressure detection

– fracture gradient

– pore pressure

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7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


USERS OF WELL LOGS IN THE

PETROLEUM INDUSTRY (cont.)

• Production Engineer

– recompletions – workovers

– perforations

• Reservoir Engineer

– reserve and permeability estimates• Log Analyst

– Most critical use by a speciallytrained scientist or engineer

• Geophysicist-Aid in seismic interpretation

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7/26/2019 01 - Intr0 2015


Information from Well Logs

• Thickness of hydrocarbon reservoirs

• Lithology

• Porosity

• Fluid types

• Hydrocarbon saturation

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Log Interpretation

• Define the problem – What is the water saturation at 21000 feet?

• Decide what model to use

– Archie equation Sw = (a R w/φm

R t)1/n

• Determine variables required (a, m, n, R w)

from cores, fluid samples, regional trends,etc.

• Read the relevant data from the logs ( R t , φ)

• Make corrections if required

• Solve for the desired parameter (Sw)

01 - Intr0 2015

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