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S@IQCV_ITMTCM FSOSVCTI AMOSJTMTCM DC _LOILJLGIC I M_I_TC@ _LOIMJ

HM_TCV DC RVLFMIS@C

Trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c - hctldc i prmotioi dc i`tcrvc`ic-

Ollrdl`mtlr tii`iaio Rrla. S`iv. Hirocm Fltcsou

Mfsljvc`t

Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm

62=4

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

=

I`trlduocrc ................................................................................................................................. ?

Ompitljuj =. Gc`crmjiti ............................................................................................................. 1

Ompitljuj 6. Tipuri dc trmaio dc pcrslm`c .................................................................................. =6

6.=. Hu`om alrmt ................................................................................................................ =?

6.6. _cxuj olhcroimj ............................................................................................................. =?

6.?.m. Lfjigmtivitmtcm pri` dmtlric ......................................................................................... =4

6.?. f. Lfjigmtivitmtcm pri` dmtlric ` r`duj ihigrm`ijlr ..................................................... =4

6.4. _ojmvim dlhcstio.......................................................................................................... =3

6.3. Olpiii sljdmi ................................................................................................................. =1 6.1. Olhcruj scxumj ou olpii............................................................................................... =7

6.7. Hu`om alrmt ou olpii................................................................................................... =>

Ompitljuj ?. Motlrii trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c ............................................................................... =9

?.=. Trmaiom`tuj ..................................................................................................................... =9

?.6. Qiotihm .......................................................................................................................... 61

Ompitljuj 4. Rrlocsuj dc trmaiomrc ............................................................................................. ?=

Ompitljuj 3. Trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c ` Vlh`im .......................................................................... ?1

Rrlocsuj i`vcstigmtiv ............................................................................................................ ?9

Rrltcoim viotihcjlr .............................................................................................................. ?9

Rrcvc`ic............................................................................................................................... 42

Ompitljuj 1. Rrmotioi dc i`tcrvc`ic ........................................................................................... 46

Ocroctmrc ................................................................................................................................... 32

Omzuj = _lri`m (61) ........................................................................................................... 3?

M`mjizm omzujui ................................................................................................................. 34

Lficotivc pri`oipmjc ......................................................................................................... 33

Lficotivc scou`dmrc ......................................................................................................... 33

Omzuj 6 Tmtim`m (?3) .......................................................................................................... 33

M`mjizm omzujui ................................................................................................................. 31

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

6

Lficotivc pri`oipmjc ......................................................................................................... 37

Lficotivc scou`dmrc ......................................................................................................... 37

Omzuj ? Oristi`m (=1) ......................................................................................................... 37

M`mjizm omzujui ................................................................................................................. 3>

Lficotivc pri`oipmjc ......................................................................................................... 3>

Lficotivc scou`dmrc ......................................................................................................... 39

Omzuj 4 M`drccm (64) ........................................................................................................ 39

M`mjizm omzujui ................................................................................................................. 12

Lficotivc pri`oipmjc ......................................................................................................... 12

Lficotivc scou`dmrc ......................................................................................................... 1=

Omzuj 3 Il`cjm (66) ............................................................................................................ 1=

M`mjizm omzujui ................................................................................................................. 16

Lficotivc pri`oipmjc ......................................................................................................... 1?

Lficotivc scou`dmrc ......................................................................................................... 1?

Ol`ojuzii .................................................................................................................................. 14

Fifjilgrmaic ............................................................................................................................... 13

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

?

I`trlduocrc

Trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c cstc u`m di` hmrijc prlfjchc cxistc`tc jm `ivcj gjlfmj, i dcpctcgrm`icjc u`ci si`gurc ri. Cstc l prlfjch ou hujtipjc rmhiaiomii, omrc `u sc jihitcmz jmrijc ou l omjitmtc m vicii sozutc i ihpjio mtt ri oc moil`cmz om aur`izlri ot iomridc dcsti`mic pc`tru viotihcjc mocstci orihc.

Ou`lsout i om sojmvim hldcr`, trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c mrc hmi hujtc acc, ocm hmiou`lsout di` cjc aii`d prlfmfij trmaiouj scxumj, `s pc j`g mocmst iplstmz, ` trmaiouj dcaii`c uhm`c hmi gsih i hu`om alrmt, trmaiouj dc lrgm`c smu trmaiouj dc olpii.

Ol`alrh Rrltloljujui dc Rrcvc`ic, _uprihmrc i Rcdcpsirc m Trmaioujui dc Rcrslm`c,` spcoimj ` omzuj Achcijlr i Olpiijlr (ou`lsout om iRrltloljuj dc Trmaio)mj L@S, dcitrmaiouj dc pcrslm`c sc plmtc dcsaurm i jm `ivcj jlomj, mocstm mrc ihpjiomii trm`s`mil`mjc

Rrltloljuj dc Trmaio cstc prihuj i`struhc`t jcgmj gjlfmj oc mrc om solp pri`oipmjdcai`ircm trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c,si`gurm dcai`iic u`ivcrsmj mooocptmt m mocstci orihc, imr pri`oipmjuj solp mj mocstui mot, cstc amoijitmrcm ollpcrrii i`tcr`mil`mjc ` prlocsuj dci`vcstigmrc i ol`dmh`mrc m pcrslm`cjlr ihpjiomtc ` lrgm`izmrcm i dcsaurmrcm trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c.

S` solp scou`dmr mj Rrltloljujui dc Trmaio cstc msigurmrcm prltcoici i msistc`ci pcrslm`cjlr, pstr`d i`tcgritmtcm drcpturijlr jlr ol`alrh Dcojmrmici S`ivcrsmjc m DrcpturijlrLhujui.

Trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c cstc dcai`it ` Rrltloljuj dc Trmaio om;(m) U...X Vcorutmrcm,trm`splrtuj, trm`sacr, mdplstircm smu prihircm dc pcrslm`c, pri`

alrmrc, mhc`i`mrc smu pri` mjtc alrhc olcroitivc, dc rpirc, armud smu `cjoiu`c, pri`

mfuzuj putcrii smu mj u`ci plziii dc vuj`crmfijitmtc, smu pri` lacrircm smu prihircm u`lr pjismu fc`caioii pc`tru m lfi`c ol`sihh`tuj ol`trljujui msuprm u`ci mjtc pcrslm`c ` solpujcxpjlmtrii. Cxpjlmtmrcm vm i`ojudc, ocj pui`, prlstitumrcm mjtlr pcrslm`c smu mjtc alrhc dccxpjlmtmrc scxumj, hu`o i scrvioii alrmtc, sojmvic smu mjtc prmotioi sihijmrc sojmvici,scrvitudi`c smu `jturmrcm lrgm`cjlr5

(f) Ol`sihh`tuj viotihci trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c pc`tru cxpjlmtmrc, ol`alrh

dcai`iici dc jm sufpmrmgrmauj (m) mj mocstui mrtiolj vm ai `uj ` omzuj ` omrc s-mu aljlsit lriomrcdi` hikjlmocjc dcai`itc ` sufpmrmgrmauj (m)5

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

4

(o) Vcorutmrcm, trm`splrtuj, trm`sacruj, mdplstircm smu prihircm u`ui olpij ou solpujcxpjlmtrii vm ai ol`sidcrmt trmaio dc pcrslm`c, onimr dmo mstm `u ihpjio `ioiu`uj di`hikjlmocjc spcoiaiomtc ` sufpmrmgrmauj (m) mj mocstui mrtiolj5

(d) Qm ai ol`sidcrmt olpij lrioc pcrslm` ou vrstm suf => m`i.

_olpuj hcu ` mjcgcrcm mocstci tchc, cstc ar `dlimj mprlau`dmrcm msuprmsuficotujui. Vlh`im rh`c u`uj di` pri`oipmjii aur`izlri dc omr`c vic mi rccjcjlrdc trmaiotrm`s`mil`mjc. Cstc vitmj mtt i`vcstigmrcm omuzcjlr mocstui ac`lhc`, ot i u` mpcj jm jipsmi`alrhmrc omrc duoc jm uuri`m ` hm`ipujmrcm viotihcjlr dc otrc trmaiom`i.

I`vcstigmim rcoc`t m pufjiomici Tnc Tcjcgrmpn, o`d mu `ocromt (ou suoocs)moniziil`mrcm u`ci actc di` Vlh`im m rcmdus prlfjchm ` prih- pjm`, imr stri`gc`m mocstcisitumii `u hmi plmtc ai `cgmt.

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

3

Hltivmrcm mjcgcrii tchci

Occm c mh urhri cu pri` mjcgcrcm mocstci tchc, m alst s dchl`strcz olhpjcxitmtcm prlocsujui dc trmaiomrc dc pcrslm`c. Aii`do, `u `uhmi o cxist om ac`lhc`uj i`uhm` ` si`c,oi cxist i pri` ol`scoii`cjc aizioc i psinljlgioc mjc viotihcjlr.

Di`oljl dc mfuzuri i dc oc prcsupu`c trmaiomrcm ` si`c, dc jm sojmvic jm trmaiomrcscxumj, jm olpiii sljdmi, pc`tru u`cjc di` viotihc, sopmrcm di` ocrourijc dc trmaiomrc `u`scmh` dcot `ocpcrcm u`ui `lu olhmr, occm oc cstc olhpjct dc mtcptmt.

Ol`scoii`cjc trmaiorii i jms mhprc`tcjc mpsmtc pc olrpuj viotihcjlr, pri` urhcaizioc pcrhm`c`tc smu pri` flji trm`shisifijc smu `u, omrc dc ocjc hmi hujtc lri trco `ctrmtmtc.Hujt hmi pcrsistc`tc su`t `s macoiu`ijc psinljlgioc, omrc rh` aic `cdctcotmtc, aic `ctrmtmtci ig`lrmtc, i ihplrtm`m trmtrii mocstlrm. Ocjc hmi arcovc`tc mstacj dc ol`diii psinljlgioc,su`t;

strcs plst trmuhmtio m`xictmtc dcprcsic prlau`d iritmfijitmtc olhmruri rcourc`tc i`slh`ii cto.

Mocstc macotc su`t ol`diii scrilmsc oc `u mr trcfui `cgjikmtc ` prlocsuj dc rcoupcrmrc,dclmrcoc, mocstcm rcprczi`t l hm`iacstmrc ol`ti`u m cacotcjlr prlocsujui dc trmaiomrc i, `si`c, rcprczi`t l i`nifmrc m prlocsujui dc rcoupcrmrc, omrc macotcmz dlri`m dc rci`tcgrmrcsloil- au`oil`mj m viotihcjlr.

Rc`tru m `cjcgc prlau`zihcm ac`lhc`ujui dc trmaiomrc, trcfuic s m`mjizh trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c ` si`c, hctldcjc i hldurijc dc lpcrmrc, cvc`ihc`tcjc trmuhmtioc i mjtc mspcotc oc

mr putcm ol`trifui jm alrhmrcm i `rdoi`mrcm trmuhcjlr ` psiniouj viotihcjlr.

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

1

Ompitljuj =. Gc`crmjiti

Trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c cstc dcai`it` prltloljuj dc trmaio om rcorutmrcm, trm`slrtuj,trm`sacruj, mdplstircm smu prihircm u`ci pcrslm`c pri` alrmrc, mhc`i`mrc smu mjtc hctldcolcroitivc, dc rpirc, armud smu `cjoiu`c, ou solpuj cxpjlmtrii.

Dcai`iim trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c ol`st ` trci cjchc`tc oncic; =. Moiu`cm dc trmaiomrc omrc prcsupu`c rcorutmrcm, trm`splrtuj, mdplstircm sm

prihircm dc pcrslm`c.6. Hikjlouj dc trmaiomrc, omrc i`ojudc mhc`i`mrcm smu alrmrcm, `cjoiu`cm, lfjigmrcm,

mfuzuj u`ci plziii dc putcrc smu mj u`ci plziii dc vuj`crmfijitmtc. ?. _olpuj trmaioujui cstc `tltdcmu`m cxpjlmtmrcm. ` ouvi`tcjc Rrltloljujui dc Trmaio,

mrtioljuj ?, cxpjlmtmrcm vm i`ojudc, ocj pui`, prlstitumrc smu mjtc alrhc dc cxpjlmtmrc scxumjhu`o smu scrvioii alrmt, sojmvic smu prmotioi sihijmrc sojmvici, scrvitudi`c smu `jturmrcmlrgm`c.

Rri` oc diacr trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c i trmaiouj dc ihigrm`i< Cxist pmtru diacrc` pri`oipmjc `trc trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c i trmaiouj dc ihigrm`i.

Ol`sihh`t trmaioujdc ihigrm`i, dci mrc jlo dcsclri ` ol`diii pcrioujlmsc i

dcgrmdm`tc, ihpjio ol`sihh`tuj. Mocjmi ol`sihh`t cstc `ujiaiomt dc alrhcjcolcroitivc, `cjtlmrc smu mfuzivc mjc trmaiom`ijlr.

Cxpjlmtmrcm trmaiouj dc ihigrm`i sc tcrhi` ou slsircm ihigrm`ijlr jm dcsti`mic, `tihp oc trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c ihpjio l cxpjlmtmrcm ol`ti`u m viotihci.

Trm`s`mil`mjitmtc trmaiouj dc ihigrm`i cstc `tltdcmu`m trm`s`mil`mj, situmic omrc`u cstc u`ivcrsmj ` omzuj trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c. Mocstm plmtc mvcm jlo, i`diacrc`t dmoviotihcjc su`t trcoutc grm`im smu hutmtc ` i`tcrilruj grm`icjlr stmtujui.

_ursm prlaitujui ` trmaiouj dc ihigrm`i, prlaiturijc su`t lfi`utc di` trm`splrtuj iamoijitmrcm i`trrii ijcgmjc smu m cdcrii pcrslm`ci `tr-l mjt mr, ` tihp oc, ` omzurijc dctrmaio, prlaiturijc su`t lfi`utc di` cxpjlmtmrc.

Diacrc`cjc `trc trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c i trmaiouj dc ihigrm`i su`t, dc hujtc lri,almrtc suftijc i u`clri sc plt suprmpu`c. Idc`tiaiomrcm `mturii omzujui, aic cj trmaio dc aii`cuhm`c smu trmaio dc ihigrm`i i mjtc i`armoiu`i ` str`s jcgtur, plmtc ai l lpcrmiu`diaioij di` hmi hujtc hltivc;

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

7

- u`cjc pcrslm`c trmaiomtc i plt `ocpc ojtlrim om ihigrm`i trcoui arl`ticrm u`ci r` hld i jcgmj, dmr mku`g s aic ujtcrilr `cjmi i alrmi `tr -l situmi cxpjlmtmtiv (cx. s aiclfjigmi s hu`ocmso pc`tru smjmrii cxtrch dc hioi pc`tru m msigurm olsturijc trm`splrtujui)5

- trmaiom`ii plt prczc`tm l lplrtu`itmtc omrc pmrc m ai hmi mprlpimt dc trmaiouj dcihigrm`i pc`tru pltc`imjcjc viotihc. Mr putcm ai rugmi s pjtcmso l tmx jm olhu` ou mj pcrslm`c omrcurhcmz s aic trcoutc grm`im. Ou tlmtc mocstcm, i`tc`im trmaiom`tujui dc jm f`ocput cstc cxpjlmtmrcm viotihci. Tmxm a moc pmrtc di` armud i `cjoiu`c i c lhldmjitmtcm dc m otigm fm`i ` pjus5

- trmaiouj dc ihigrm`i plmtc ai i`tc`im pjm`iaiomt dc jm fu` `ocput, dmr l lplrtu`itmtcprcm fu` s aic rmtmt sc plmtc ivi pc pmrours i pcrslm`cjc ihpjiomtc s mku`g pc hi`ijctrmaiom`ijlr dc aii`c uhm`c5

- orihi`mjii plt s trcmo pcrslm`c pcstc grm`i ` hld ijcgmj i s trmaionczc pcrslm`c,aljlsi`d mocjcmi rutc i hctldc dc trm`splrtmrc. Vcjmim `trc ocjc dlu i`armoiu`i cstc dcsclrisuprm sihpjiaiomt i `c`cjcms5 jc cstc pcrhis mhfcjlr s prlspcrc i lomziijc dc m jcolhfmtc su`t rmtmtc. Cstc ihplrtm`t dc `cjcs o, hu`om trmaiom`ijlr dc ihigrm`i rczujtdcsclri ` fc`caioiuj trmaiom`ijlr dc aii`c uhm`c. Rcrslm`cjc trcoutc mstacj grm`im plt aiviotihizmtc dc trmaiom`i i `u mu `ioil gmrm`ic o oci oc-i trco grm`im `u su`t dc ampt trmaiom`idc aii`c uhm`c. Rc sourt, ihigrm`ii trmaiomi su`t ` spcoimj vuj`crmfiji ` amm trmaiouju

pcrslm`c olhfmtcrcm trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c prcsupu`c mdrcsmrcm prlfjchci trmaioujui dcihigrm`i.

Cstc ihplrtm`t dc i`ut hi`tc amptuj o, ol`sihh`tuj u`ci pcrslm`c trmaiomtc cstcircjcvm`t, i`diacrc`t dc hikjlmocjc dc trmaiomrc aljlsitc. Imr u` olpij `u plmtc ol`sihi `ioidmo hikjlmocjc `u su`t ihpjiomtc.

L prlfjchmtio cxtrch dc diaioij cstc pus dc cvmjumrcm dihc`siu`ii prlfjchcitrmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c, dclmrcoc mocmst i`armoiu`c mrc jlo ` suftcrm`uj sloictii i

dcsc r`duri `u cstc idc`tiaiomt smu cstc idc`tiaiomt ` hld crl`mt. Ou tlmtc mocstcm, l cstihmrc mprlxihmtiv m ac`lhc`ujui mduoc `uhruj viotihcjlr jm

6.3 hijilm`c trmaiomtc. tih dc mschc`cm o macotcmz tlmtc rcgiu`ijc juhii i gc`crcmzvc`ituri dc hijimrdc dc dljmri m`umj pc`tru orihi`mji.=

Trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c macotcmz tlmtc rijc juhii, om ri dc lrigi`c, dc trm`zit smu dcsti`mic smu onimr l olhfi`mic m ocjlr trci tipuri. Trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c mrc jlo dcsclri pri`tr-l higrmic dc jm ri suf-dczvljtmtc jm ri hmi dczvljtmtc, u`dc lmhc`ii su`t cxpui

= nttp;//www.u`ldo.lrg/dlouhc`ts/nuhm`-trmaaioei g/Gjlfmj\Vcplrt\l`\TIR.pda

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

>

trmaioujui pri` virtutcm sroici, ol`ajiotujui smu m mjtlr ol`diii. Hmklritmtcm trmaioujui c`mil`mj smu rcgil`mj, dmr cxist dc mschc`cm omzuri `ltmfijc dc trmaio dc hmrc distm`Curlpm cstc dcsti`mim viotihcjlr di` tlmtc oljurijc juhii, ` tihp oc Msim rcprczi`t zl`m ouocjc hmi hujtc pcrslm`c trmaiomtc. Mhcrioijc su`t ol`sistc`tc mtt `omzuri dc lrigi`c, ot i dcdcsti`mic m viotihcjlr trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c.

` rmplrtuj gjlfmj L@S pc tchm trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c, cxpjlmtmrcm scxumj m alst, dcdcpmrtc, ocm hmi dcs `tj`it alrh dc trmaio dc pcrslm`c (79%), urhmt dc hu`om alrmt(=>%). Cxpjlmtmrcm achcijlr cstc vizifij, ` oc`trcjc lrmcjlr smu dc-m ju`guj mutlstrzijlr.Dclmrcoc cstc rmplrtmt hmi dcs, cxpjlmtmrcm scxumj m dcvc`it ocj hmi dlouhc`tmt tip dctrmaio dc pcrslm`c. _prc olhpmrmic, mjtc alrhc dc cxpjlmtmrc su`t hujt hmi pui` rmplrtmtc;hu`om alrmt smu lfjigmt, sojmvic dlhcstio i hmrimkc alrmtc, trmaiouj dc lrgm`c cxpjlmtmrcm olpiijlr pri` ocrit, trmaio scxumj smu rzfli.

Qiotihcjc trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c plt ai dc lrioc vrst smu gc`. Ou tlmtc mocstcm, u``uhr disprlplril`mj dc achci su`t ihpjiomtc ` trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c, mtt dc pmrtcmviotihcjlr, ot i dc pmrtcm aptmijlr. Achcijc trmaiom`t mu u` rlj prlchi`c`t ` mocst ac`lhc`,` spcoimj o`d alstcjc viotihc dcvi` trmaiom`tc om hctld dc m sopm di` prlprim viotihizmrc.Hmklritmtcm trmaiorijlr su`t aoutc dc pcrslm`c dc moccmi `mil`mjitmtc om m viotihcjlr.

Trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c cstc mprlmpc`tltdcmu`m l alrh dc orih lrgm`izmt i mr trcfuimflrdmt ao`d uz olhpjct dc ompmoitmtcm dc m i`vcstigm i mouzm rcspl`smfijii mocstci moi lrioc mjt motivitmtc orihi`mj ` omrc sc m`gmkcmz. Rcrslm`cjc trmaiomtc mr trcfui vdcmschc`cm om viotihc mjc mocstci orihc. _usi`crcm i prltcoim viotihcjlr cstc u` lficotivuhm`itmr i u` hikjlo ihplrtm`t dc m msigurm displ`ifijitmtcm viotihci dc m msistm ` omzurijcorihi`mjc.

Om i ` omzuj mjtlr alrhc dc orih lrgm`izmt, trmaiouj dc pcrslm` cstc l prlfjch

gjlfmjizmt. Grupuri m`tcrilr motivc pc m`uhitc rutc smu rcgiu`i i-mu cxti`s mrim gclgrmaio mmotivitijlr pc`tru m cxpjlrm picc `li. S`cjc s-mu u`it i alrhcmz rcjmii ollpcrmtivc,orcso`du-i mstacj mrim gclgrmaio i plrtlaljiuj dc motiviti orihi`mjc. Qiotihcjc trmaiomtc mdcvc`it u` fu` uzumj `tr-u` ohp mj olhcrujui orihi`mj oc ihpjio mjtc mstacj dc fu`uri, prcouh `mroltiocjc, mrhcjc i hu`iiijc smu spjmtuj dc fm`i, omrc gc`crcmz vc`ituri ijioitc smuomut s rcduo risouj pc`tru trmaiom`i.

Visourijc rcjmtiv sozutc mj trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c i prlaituj sufstm`imj lfi`ut di`

urhm mocstuim, m aout om ` u`cjc omzuri, orihi`mjii s-i rcprlaijczc motivitijc i s scihpjioc om l mjtcr`mtiv jm mjtc motiviti orihi`mjc hmi risom`tc. Ldmt ou mdlpim Rrltlolju

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

9

dc Rrcvc`ic, _uprihmrc i Rcdcpsirc m Trmaioujui dc Rcrslm`c, ` _pcoimj Trmaiouj dc Achci iOlpii, mdus ` susi`crcm Ol`vc`ici L@S hpltrivm Orihc Lrgm`izmtc I`tcr`mil`mjc di``lichfric 6222, rijc msloimtc mu `ocput s dczvljtc tmotioi lac`sivc `cocsmrc i muhputcr`ioit lrgm`izmii pc`tru m i`vcstigm, mouzm i pcdcpsi trmaiom`ii i pc`tru ol`aisomrc prlaiturijlr jlr. `s su`t `cocsmrc rcsursc i cxpcric` pc`tru m caioic`tizm `lijc hsuri dci`tcrvc`ic.

Visourijc su`t rcdusc ` ol`ti`umrc dc grmduj dc i`tihidmrc mj viotihijlr ` ammtrmaiom`ijlr, mtt ` rijc dc dcsti`mic, u`dc sc tch dc dcplrtmrc smu mrcstmrc pc`tri`armoiu`i prcouh prlstituim smu ihigrmrcm ijcgmj, imr ` rijc dc lrigi`c, u`dc dcsclriviotihcjc su`t vuj`crmfijc jm rzfu`mrc smu rc-viotihizmrc ` omzuj ` omrc ollpcrcmz oumutlritijc kudioimrc. _uplrtuj i prltcoim viotihcjlr cstc u` cjchc`t oritio ` juptm hpltrivmtrmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c, pc`tru m orctc dlri`m dc ollpcrmrc ou mutlritijc i om u` hikjlo`cocsmr pc`tru rcmfijitmrc.

Hmrc pmrtc di` hu`om alrmt macotcmz alrm dc hu`o majmt jm grm`icjc col`lhalrhmjc, ou stmtuturi `crcgujmtc dc m`gmkmrc smu higrmrc. _cotlmrcjc ocjc hmi arcovc`tdlouhc`tmtc su`t ocjc dc mgrioujtur, nlrtioujtur, ol`struoii, tcxtijc, omtcri`g i rcstmurm`tc,hu`om dlhcstio, c`tcrtmihc`t i i`dustrim scxumj.

Jcgisjmim i`tcr`mil`mj i mrc au`dmhc`tcjc ` dlu motc;

- Rrltloluj dc Rrcvc`ic, _uprihmrc iRcdcpsirc m Trmaioujui dc Rcrslm`c, ` _pcoimjTrmaioujui dc Achci i Olpii, m alst mdlptmtc dc Mdu`mrcm Gc`crmj m L@S ` m`uj 6222 icstc mpjiomt dc jm 63 dcochfric 622?.- Rrltloujuj dc Trmaiomrc omrc supji`ctc Ol`vc`im L@S hpltrivm Orihci Lrgm`izmtcI`tcr`mil`mjc, cstc si`guruj i`struhc`t kuridio i`tcr`mil`mj omrc mdrcscmz prlfjchmtrmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c, i omdc suf kurisdioim Laioiujui dc Drlguri i Orihi`mjitmtc m L@S(S@LDO).

_olpurijc Rrltloljujui dc Trmaiomrc su`t;m. Rrcvc`ircm i olhfmtcrcm trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c5 f. Rrltckmrcm i msistmrcm viotihcjlr trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c5 o. Rrlhlvmrcm ollpcrrii `trc _tmtcjc Hchfrc pc`tru m `dcpji`i mocstc lficotivc.

Rrltloljuj dc Trmaiomrc mduoc jcgisjmic i`tcr`mil`mj, msigur`d, pc`tru prihm dmt, l

dcai`iic au`oil`mj m trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c omrc lfjig stmtcjc rmtiaiomtc s orihi`mjizczcmstacj dc prmotioi.

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=2

S` cjchc`t oc`trmj mj hm`dmtujui S@LDO suf Rrltloljuj dc Trmaiomrc m L@S cstcorctcrcm `ivcjujui dc prltcoic i msistmrc lacrit viotihcjlr trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c(mrtioljcjc 6(f), 1, 7 i >).

Rrltloljuj cstc i`struhc`tuj i`tcr`mil`mj pri`oipmj ` olhfmtcrcm trmaioujui dc aii`cuhm`c. ` rljuj dc oustldc mj mocstui i`struhc`t, S@LDO msist rijc ` ihpjchc`tmrcm u`uirspu`s olhprcnc`siv jm trmaiouj dc prcslm`c, `u dlmr pri` msigurmrcm cxistc`ci struoturijlr`cocsmrc ol`dmh`rii trmaiom`ijlr, dmr i ` mdrcsmrcm rcmjitijlr tritc dc viotihcjc mocsorihc.

Msistc`m tcn`io rcjcvm`t lacrit rijlr hchfrc dc otrc S@LDO i`ojudc;m. Msistmrcm ` m`mjizm i rcvizim jcgisjmici dlhcstioc ou privirc jm msistmrcm i prltco

viotihcjlr5 f. Rrcgtircm prlourlrijlr i scrvioiijlr sloimjc ` prltcoim viotihcjlr trmaioujui dc

pcrslm`c5o. _usi`crcm rijlr ` msigurmrcm dc msistc` sloimj viotihcjlr, pc pjm` aizio, psinljlgio

i sloimj, i`ojusiv pri` ollpcrmrcm ou L@G-uri i ou sloictmtcm oivij5 d. Msigurmrcm sigurm`ci viotihcjlr.

Cstc ihplrtm`t dc i`ut hi`tc o, jm hlhc`tuj `cgloicrii Rrltloljujui Trmaioujui dcRcrslm`c, stmtcjc hchfrc mu nltrt s jmsc prlfjchm prlstituici ` olhpctc`m kurisdioici`mil`mjc m aicorci ri ` pmrtc.

Rrltloljuj `u msigur l dcai`iic m cxpjlmtrii. Cstc msigurmt l jist hi`ih dci`armoiu`i omrc mr trcfui rcou`lsoutc dc stmtcjc hchfrc L@S. Rrltloljuj hc`il`cmz dlmrcxpjlmtmrcm ocjlrjmi pri` prlstituic om l alrh dc cxpjlmtmrc ` omdruj trmaioujui dc aii`

uhm`c. ` rcst, `u cxist l fmz pc`tru alrhujmrcm u`ci lpi`ii pc tchm prlstituici ` mamrmol`tcxtujui trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c.

` tihp oc rijc mu mflrdri almrtc diacritc vis-m-vis dc prlstituic (dc jm i`tcrziocrcmolhpjct i orihi`mjizmrc, jm dcorihi`mjizmrcm tltmj, mtt m prlstitumtcjlr ot i m ojic`ijlmsloimt ou rcgjchc`tri, tljcrmrc i jcgmjizmrc), `u cxist l lpi`ic aixmt msuprm u`ci mflrdri prcacrmtc ` ol`trmrcm trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c. Rljitiom striot m S@LDO cstc `cutrmjitmtcm amdc prlfjchm prlstituici.

Rlt ai mdusc ` disouic l scric dc mspcotc om plsifijc lfstmoljc ` juptm hpltrivmtrmaioujui dc pcrslm`c;

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==

m. Cstc ihplrtm`t om lrioc calrt dcpus, s aic dcpus pc`tru m stmfiji grmvitmtcm prlfjchci imflrdmrcm mocstcim, dc jm surs jm dcsti`mic. Oiarcjc displ`ifijc i`dio amptuj o prlfjchm `u cstc ` sodcrc i `ioi `u vm ai. S`m di` prlvlorijc hmklrc cstc lfi`crcmdc i`alrhmii cxmotc pc`tru m putcm alrhm l ihmgi`c ojmr m ac`lhc`ujui. ` mocstmspcot, s-mu aout m`uhitc prlgrcsc, dmr hmi su`t hujtc dc aout.

f. Di` hu`om dcpus dc S@LDO ` scotlruj kustiici orihi`mjc, cstc ojmr amptuj otrmaiouj dc a ii`c uhm`c cstc dlmr l motivitmtc cxtc`siv i cxtrch dc slaistiomt `rccmum orihi`mj i`tcr`mil`mj.

o. Trcfuic s `c msigurh o, ` oiudm prilritijlr ol`ajiotumjc pc omrc stmtcjc hchfrc jc`thpi`, prlfjchm trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c cstc omtcglrio l prilritmtc ihplrtm`t ialousuj olhu`itii i`tcr`mil`mjc.

d. L mjt prlvlomrc sch`iaiomtiv ol`st ` msigurmrcm moil`rii stmtcjlr ` rmtiaiomrcmihpjchc`tmrcm rcuit m Ol`vc`ici hpltrivm Orihci Lrgm`izmtc I`tcr`mil`mjc i mRrltloljujui dc Rrcvc`ic, _uprihmrc i Rcdcpsirc m Trmaioujui dc Rcrslm`c, ` _pcoimjTrmaiouj dc Achci i Olpii.

c. hfu`tircm ollpcrrii i ollrdl`rii i`tcr`mil`mjc, ` spcoimj ` rcjmic ouhfu`tircm sonihfujui dc i`alrhmii i ollpcrmrcm lpcrmil`mj `trc lrgm`cjcjcgiuitlmrc mjc rijlr.

a. Cxist l `cvlic prcg`m`t pc`tru l mflrdmrc lric`tmt sprc pmrtc`crimt ` rczljvmrcm prlfjchci. ` mocst sc`s, S@LDO rcou`lmtc olhpjct ihplrtm`m hlfijizrii i susi`crii L@G-urijlr, m guvcr`cjlr i m olhu`itijlr.

@uhruj dc ol`dmh`ri cstc ` orctcrc, dmr, di` `cacrioirc, i`vcrs prlplril`mj am dcorctcrcm prlfjchci ` si`c. Cxist otcvm omuzc prlfmfijc pc`tru `uhruj rcdus dcol`dmh`ri suf trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c. S`m di` mocstc omuzc cstc mfsc`m jcgisjmici m`ti-

trmaiomrc ` m`uhitc ri. Mjtcr`mtiv, plmtc cxistm jcgisjmic oc mdrcscmz prlfjchm trmaioujuaii`c uhm`c, dmr laioimjii jcgisjmtivi i prlourlrii `u su`t i`struii pc`tru m jc utijizm.` u`cjcsitumii, trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c cstc ol`au`dm`t ou trmaiouj dc ihigrm`i5 mocst ampt plmtc dujm mpjiomrcm dc pcdcpsc i`mdcovmtc. S` mjt lfstmolj pltc`imj ` msigurmrcm ol`dmh`rijl plmtc ai olrupim. Rc dcmsuprm, u`clri ol`dmh`rijc `u su`t `ou`u`mtc dc suoocs dmtlritjipsci dc displ`ifijitmtc m viotihcjlr dc m ollpcrm ou sistchuj dc kustiic, dmo mu alstmhc`i`mtc smu i`tihidmtc dc trmaiom`i.

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=6

Ompitljuj 6. Tipuri dc trmaio dc pcrslm`c

Trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c cstc tcrhc`uj ocj hmi a ljlsit pc`tru m dcsoric tipurijc dcsojmvic `o cxistc`tc, mstzi, ` juhc. Trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c, trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c smusojmvim hldcr` su`t tcrhc`i si`l`ihi. Trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c ihpjio viotihc, omrc, alrmtc, pojitc smu lfjigmtc, mku`g ` cxpjlmtmrc pri` hu`o smu scrvioii scxumjc. Trmaiouj dc aii`uhm`c cxist i`diacrc`t dmo cxpjlmtmtlrii plt prlaitm smu `u di` pu`ot dc vcdcrc ai`m`oimr di`cxpjlmtmrcm ocjlrjmji.

`s, m`umj, trmaiom`ii dc aii`c uhm`c lfi` prlaituri dc hijimrdc dc curl viotihiz`dhijilm`c dc lmhc`i di` kuruj juhii. Trmaiouj dc aii`cuhm`c cstc mstacj privit, om ocm hmi prlau`d viljmrc m drcpturijlr uhm`c di` prczc`t, i u`m di` i`distriijc orihi`mjc ou ocm hmirmpid orctcrc di` juhc. Mocmst mhc`i`mrc hujti-dihc`s il`mj, omrc i jipsctc pc lmhc`idc drcpturijc i jifcrtijc jlr, omrc cxpu`c s`tmtcm gjlfmj u`lr amotlri dc riso, susi`cdczfi`mrcm sloimj i i`nif dczvljtmrcm, jipsi`d rijc ihpjiomtc dc ompitmj uhm`, mjihc`tcmzdczvljtmrcm orihci lrgm`izmtc jm `ivcj gjlfmj.

Ol`alrh dcai`iici Rrltloljujui dc Trmaiomrc m L@S, trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c ol`st `rcorutmrcm, trm`splrtmrcm, trm`sacruj, mdplstircm smu prihircm u`ci pcrslm`c pri` mhc`i`ralr smu mjtc alrhc dc lfjigmic, rpirc, armud smu `cjoiu`c, ou solpuj cxpjlmtrii.

Dcai`iim trmaioujui ol`st di` trci cjchc`tc oncic; =. Moiu`cm dc trmaiomrc omrc ihpjio lriomrc di` urhtlmrcjc; rcorutmrcm, trm`splrtuj

trm`sacruj, mdplstircm smu prihircm dc pcrslm`c5 6. Hikjlouj dc trmaiomrc, omrc i`ojudcmhc`i`ri smu aljlsirc alrci, `cjoiu`ii,

lfjigmici, mfuzujui, smu aljlsircm u`ci plziii dc putcrc smu vuj`crmfijitmtc5 ?. _olpuj trmaioujui cstc `tltdcmu`m cxpjlmtmrcm. Cxpjlmtmrcm vm i`ojudc ocj pui`

cxpjlmtmrcm smu prlstitumrcm mjtlr pcrslm`c, smumjtc alrhc dc cxpjlmtmrc scxumj,

scrvioii smu hu`o alrmt, sojmvic smu prmotioi sihijmrc sojmvici, scrvitudi`c smu`jturmrcm dc lrgm`c.

Rutch mstacj dcai`i `trc otcvm omtcglrii smu tipuri dc trmaiomrc uhm`, ` au`oic dc lscric dc oritcrii, prcouh rljuj trmaiom`tujui, hikjlouj dc trmaiomrc, dmr, ocj hmi ihplrtm`t,solpuj trmaiorii.

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

=?

6.=. Hu`om alrmt Ou`lsout i ommscrvircm i`vlju`tmr, hu`om alrmt i`ojudc l vmrictmtc divcrs dc

alrhc, i`ojusiv hu`o acrhicr, ` amfrioi, i`dustrim lspitmjicr smu dc rcstmurm`tc, ol`struoii,

smjlm`c dc cstctio smu amihlmscjc swcmtsnlps. Lrgm`izmim I`tcr`mil`mj m Hu`oii cstihcmo, pc`tru aicomrc viotih trmaiomt pc`tru prlstituic alrmt, `lu pcrslm`c su`t alrmtc ` mjtipuri dc hu`o.

Hmklritmtcm trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c jm `ivcj gjlfmj, mrc jlo suf alrhm hu`oii alrmtc, pltrivit cstihrijlr LIH. _c plmtc mku`gc jm mscrvirc i`vlju`tmr, hu`o alrmt, mtu`oi o`dm`gmkmtlri jipsii dc sorupujc prlait dc gljuri ` mpjiomtivitmtcm jcgii pc`tru m cxpjlmtmhu`oitlri vuj`crmfiji. Mocti hu`oitlri su`t cxpui i hmi hujt prmotioii hu`oii alrmtc,dmtlrit lhmkujui ridiomt, sroici, orihi`mjitii, disorihi`rii, olrupici, ol`ajiotcjlr pljitioc,i m moocptrii oujturmjc m ac`lhc`ujui. Ihigrm`ii su`t ` spcoimj vuj`crmfiji, dmr i`divizii su`tdcsclri lfjigmi s i`trc ` oirouituj hu`oii alrmtc onimr ` prlpriijc ri. Qiotihijc dc scxachi`i` su`t ihpjiomtc ` hu`o alrmt smu hu`o pri` dmtlric, ` spcoimj achcijc i actcjcmajmtc mscrvirc dlhcstio, i su`t dcsclri cxpjlmtmtc scxumj.

Hu`om alrmt cstc l alrh dc trmaiomrc uhm` omrc cstc diaioij dc idc`tiaiomt i cstihmt @u ihpjio mocjcmi rccjc orihi`mjc omrc prlait dc pc urhm trmaiorii scxumjc trm`s`mil`moi ihpjio i`divizi omrc supu` hu`oitlrii sojmvici i`vlju`tmrc, pri` hu`o alrmt jm dlhioijiusmu ` amfrioi.

6.6. _cxuj olhcroimj

Mtu`oi o`d u` mdujt cstc lfjigmt, alrmt smu `cjmt ` m sc prlstitum, smu hc`i`ut `motivitmtcm dc prlstituic pri` hctldc olcroitivc, lfjigmic, alr smu `cjoiu`c, mocm pcrslm`cstc l viotih m trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c. Olhcruj scxumj plmtc i`ojudc prlstituim strmdmj,smjlm`c dc hmsmk, scrvioii dc csolrtc, ojufuri dc striptcmsc smu flrdcjuri.

Trmaiouj scxumj ol`st di`tr -l pl riu`c sch`iaiomtiv di` tltmjuj omzurijlr dc trmaio dcaii`c uhm`c. Mtu`oi o`d l pcrslm` cstc alrmt smu `cjmt pc`tru m sc ihpjiom ` motivitdc prlstituic, smu hc`i`crcm ` prlstituic pri` hikjlmoc olcroitiv, imr oci ihpjiomi `rcorutmrcm, trm`splrtuj, mdplstircm, prihircm smu lfi`crcm pcrslm`ci ou mocst solp, mu alstihpjiomi ` trmaiomrcm dc pcrslm`c.

Trmaiouj scxumj plmtc mvcm jlo i hprcu` ou lfjigmtivitmtcm pri` dmtlric, achci i actcaii`d alrmtc s ol`ti`uc prlstitumrcm pri` utijizmrcm u`ci dmtlrii ijcgmjc, mpjiomt ou i`tc`i pri` trm`splrtmrc smu rcorutmrc, smu pri` v`zmrcm jlr, pc omrc cxpjlmtmtlrii i`sist o trcfuic pjtitc `mi`tcm cjifcrrii jlr.

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=4

6.?.m. Lfjigmtivitmtcm pri` dmtlric

S`m di` alrhcjc hmi cjmflrmtc dc olcroitivitmtc aljlsitc ` trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c, cstcaljlsircm u`ci lfjigmiu`i smu dmtlrii, i cstc `uhit hu`o lfjigmt, lfjigmtivitmtc pri`

dmtlric smu mhm`ct. Hu`oitlrii omd viotihc u`ci mstacj dc sonchc o`d trmaiom`ii smurcorutm`ii cxpjmltcmz ijcgmj l dmtlric m hu`oitlrujui, aljlsi`du-i s hu`ocmso i, dcsclri,orcso`d dmtlrim jm `ivcjc ihplsifijc dc pjtit. ` hujtc zl`c di` juhc, hltc`ircm dmtlriijlr `trc gc`crmii cstc l prmotio olhu`, imr hu`oitlrii i plt pctrcoc vicijc om sojmvi pc`tru m pjti dmtlriijc strhlijlr.

Ocm hmi `tj`it alrh dc alrmrc ` hu`o cstc aljlsircm u`ci lfjigmiu`i smu dmtlrii, pc`tru m hc`i`c l pcrslm` ` sufkugmrc. Mocmstm cstc `uhit ` tcxtcjc jcgisjmtivc omlfjigmtivitmtc pri` dmtlric. Rrltloljuj L@S l i`ojudc om l alrh dc cxpjlmtmrc pri` trmaiomrc.Hu`oitlri dc pc hmpmhl`d omd viotihc mocstui sistch, mtu`oi o`d trmaiom`ii smu rcorutlriicxpjlmtcmz `cjcgmj l dmtlric i`iimj pc omrc hu`oitlruj i-m msuhmt-l om pmrtc di` tcrhc`ii dcm`gmkmrc.

Hu`oitlrii plt dc mschc`cm hltc`i `tr -u` sc`s hmi trmdiil`mj, lfjigmiu`cm._istchuj trmdiil`mj aljlsit ` Msim dc sud, sprc cxchpju, sufkug ` sojmvic u` `uhrsch`iaiomtiv dc lmhc`i, i`tcr-gc`crmil`mj. S` rm plrt di` im`umric 6229 mj au`dmici jl`dl`czcM`ti-_jmvcry I`tcr`mtil`mj, m ol`ojuzil`mt o mocmst alrh dc hu`o alrmt, dc lfioci`tj`it ` smtc, sc rmhiaio ` zl`c urfm`c i `u somdc ` mhpjlmrc, om urhmrc m hldcr`izriii dczvljtrii.

6.?.f. Lfjigmtivitmtcm pri` dmtlric ` r`duj ihigrm` ijlr

Quj`crmfijitmtcm hu`oitlrijlr ihigrm`i ` sonchcjc dc trmaiomrc cstc l prlfjchmtiocxtrch dc diaioij, dmtlrit dihc`siu`ii hmsivc m plpujmici ` u`cjc rcgiu`ii. Cxist trci

amotlri pltc`imji ol`trifutlri; =. Mfuzuj ol`trmotcjlr dc hu`o5 6. Jcgisjmii jlomjc i`mdcovmtc oc privcso rcorutmrcm i m`gmkmrcm hu`oitlrijlr ihigrm`i5 ?. Ihpu`crcm i`tc`il`mt, cxpjlmtmtiv i dcsclri ijcgmj dc olsturi i dmtlrii msuprm

mocstlri hu`oitlri ` rijc dc prlvc`ic`, dcsclri ou susi`crcm mgc`iijlr dcrcorutmrci m`gmkmtlrijlr di` rijc dc dcsti`mic.

Mfuzmrcm ol`trmotcjlr i ol`diiijc pcrioujlmsc dc m`gmkmrc `u ol`stituic lfjigmtivitmtc pri` dmtlric, dmr aljlsircm alrci aizioc i m mhc`i`rijlr pc tru m hc`i`c l pcrslm` ` hu`o

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

=3

plt dlvcdi l si tumic dc hu`o alrmt. Olsturijc ihpusc hu`oitlrijlr pc`tru privijcgiuj dc mhu`oi pcstc nltmrc plmtc vuj`crmfijizm hu`oitlrii ` lfjigmtivitmtc pri` dmtlric. Dci dlmrolsturijc `u ol`stituic lfjigmtivitmtc pri` dmtlric, o`d mocstcm dcvi` cxoocsivc i ihpjiocxpjlmtmrcm dc otrc m`gmkmtlri plmtc ol`duoc jm lfjigmtivitmtc i`vlju`tmr.

6.4. _ojmvim dlhcstio L alrh almrtc dcs `tj`it dc sojmvic ` _tmtcjc S`itc cstc sojmvim i`vlju`tmr m

juortlrijlr dlhcstioi. Mocmstm i`ojudc achci i frfmi omrc su`t i`ui omptivi i alrmi shu`ocmso `tr -u` hcdiu dlhcstio, om fuotmri, `grikitlri smu ddmoc. S` mstacj dc hcdiu,omrc dcsclri izljcmz sloimj viotihcjc, sc `omdrcmz jm cxpjlmtmrc, dclmrcoc mutlritijc `u p

i`spcotm prlprictijc privmtc ou moccmi uuri` om spmiijc dc hu`o alrhmjc. I`vcstigmtlriiscrvioiijc sloimjc omrc dcsolpcr mstacj dc omzuri, rmplrtcmz situmii dc flji `ctrmtmtc i mfscxumj.

Mocmst alrh u`io dc hu`o alrmt, ihpjio hu`oitlrii dlhcstioi i`vlju`tmri,miorlr jlo dc hu`o cstc i`alrhmj, jcgmt dc spmiuj dc trit, i dcsclri hprit ou mji hu`oitlri.S` mstacj dc hcdiucstc prcdispus cxpjlmtrii, dclmrcoc mutlritijc plt i`vcstigm hujt hmigrcu prlpricti privmtc, sprc dclscfirc dc spmii alrhmjc, prcouh amfrioijc. ` u`cjc ri, olpii

jlomji, ` `uhcrc hmri, prlvc`ii di` zl`c rurmjc hmi pui` dczvljtmtc, hu`ocso ` ohi`curfm`c om scrvitlri dlhcstioi. S`ii di`trc moctim plt ai vuj`crmfiji ol`diiijlr dc mscrvirci`vlju`tmr.

Ihigrm`ii, dc lfioci achcijc, su`t rcorutmtc di` ri suf-dczvljtmtc di` Msim dc sud isud-cst, Mariom smu Mhcriom Jmti`, pc`tru m hu`oi om scrvitlri dlhcstioi i `grikitlri `jlouri hmi dczvljtmtc (stmtcjc di` Gljd, Hmjmczim, _i`gmplrc, Tmiwm`, Curlpm smu _.S.M.).Hujtc di` mocstc jlomii `u msigur scrvitlrijlr dlhcstioi moccmi prltcoic jcgmjc pc omrc l

lacr hu`oitlrijlr stri`i di` mjtc scotlmrc. ` jipsm prltcoici, hu`oitlrii dlhcstioi plt mvcm hmi pui`c lpiu`i pc`tru m mpcjm jmmkutlr o`d su`t pui am ` am ou mhc`i`mrcm m`gmkmtlrujui smu ou utijizmrcm alrcsu`t alrmi s stcm moms, aic pri` hsuri aizioc, aic pri` ol`aisomrcm idc`titii, pmmplmrcto., mpcjmrcm L@G-urijlr smu mutlritijlr pufjioc pc`tru msistc` plmtc ai l hisiu`c diaioij,dmtlrit jipsci dc ol`tic`tizmrc i m arioii dc m`gmkmtlr.

Mocst grmd ridiomt dc vuj`crmfijitmtc amoc mpcj jm mpjiomrcm jcgisjmtiv vigurlms i jm u`sistch dc prltcoic m viotihcjlr, mtu`oi o`d scrvitlrii dlhcstioi su`t gsii ` ol`diii dcscrvitudi`c i`vlju`tmr jm dlhioijiu. Moci scrvitlri dlhcstioi omrc mjcg s sompc dc m`gmkmtlrii

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mfuzivi su`t u`clri `uhii cvmdmi i vzui om i orihi`mji, dci mr trcfui ol`sidcrmiviotihcjc trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c.

6.3. Olpiii sljdmi Olpiii sljdmi ihpjio rcorutmrcm ijcgmj smu rpircm i utijizmrcm olpiiijlr om i

olhfmtm`i, fuotmri, grzi, scrvitlri, hcsmgcri, spil`i smu ou solpuj cxpjlmtrii scxumjc dcalrcjc mrhmtc. Trmaiom`ii plt ai alrc guvcr`mhc`tmjc, lrgm`izmii pmrmhijitmrc smu gruprcfcjc. Olpiii sljdmi, dc mhfcjc scxc, su`t dcsclri mfuzmi scxumj i su`t cxpui u`ui risoridiomt dc ol`trmotmrc m u`lr flji ou trm`shitcrc scxumj.

Olpiii sljdmi su`t l hm`iacstmrc u`io i scvcr m trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c, omrc ihpjio

rcorutmrcm ijcgmj dc olpiii, dcsclri pri` alr, armud smu hikjlmoc olcroitivc, ou solpujhu`oii, cxpjlmtmrii scxumjc smu hijitmrc ` zl`cjc dc ol`ajiot. Dci hmklritmtcm olpiijlrsljdmi mu `trc =3 i => m`i, u`ii di`trc moctim aii`d rcorutmi ijcgmj i utijizmi ` lstijitjihitm dc vrst olflmr jm 7-> m`i, occm oc cstc ijcgmj ol`alrh jcgisjmici i`tcr`mil`mjc.

Dci cstc ihplsifij dc cstihmt ou prcoizic `uhruj dc olpii ihpjiomi ` grupurijc ialrcjc mrhmtc, Olmjiim pc`tru Lprircm i Stijizmrcm Olpiijlr _ljdmi cstihcmz o cxist zcdc hii dc olpii cxpjlmtmi ` ol`ajiotc. Olpii sljdmi cxist ` tlmtc rcgiu`ijc juhii, imr pltrivit

L@S, 37 dc grupuri i alrc mrhmtc aljlscmu olpii ` 6227, ou =7 grupuri hmi hujt am dcm`uj prcocdc`t.

Huji olpii su`t rpii i aljlsii om i olhfmtm`i. Mjii su`t lfjigmi s hu`ocmsolrioc, dc jm orui i fuotmri, jm hcsmgcri i spil`i. Actcjc su`t alrmtc s sc ostlrcmso sms `trci` rcjmii scxumjc ou olhfmtm`ii. Mtt ficii ot i actcjc trmaiomtc ` oirouituj olpiijlrsljdmi su`t mfuzmi scxumj i cxpui risourijlr fljijlr ou trm`shitcrc scxumj.

S`ii olpii mu alst alrmi s olhit mtrloiti hpltrivm prlpriijlr amhijii i olhu`iti.

Olpiii sljdmi su`t dcsclri lhlri smu r`ii, imr suprmvicuitlrii trco pri` hujtipjc trmuhc,mtt aizioc ot i psinljlgioc. Dczvljtmrcm pcrsl`mj cstc macotmt ircoupcrmfij, imr olhu`itijlr i rcspi`g jm `tlmrocrc.

Ac`lhc`uj olpiijlr sljdmi cstc u` ac`lhc` gjlfmj. Rrlfjchm sc maj `tr -u` pu`otoritio spcoimj ` Mariom i Msim, dmr `u cstc stri` alrcjlr mrhmtc di` zl`cjc dc ol`ajiot i di`mjtc zl`c dc pc gjlf. S` calrt olhu` jm `ivcj gjlfmj, mjturi dc lrgm`izmii i`tcr`mil`mjc iL@G-uri, cstc `cocsmr, pc`tru m moil`m ` rcgih dc urgc` ` dczmrhmrcm, dchlfijizmrcm irci`tcgrmrcm olpiijlr sljdmi.

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6.1. Olhcruj scxumj ou olpiiRltrivit S@IOCA, mprlxihmtiv dlu hijilm`c dc olpii su`t supui prlstituici `

oirouituj olhcrujui scxumj gjlfmj. ` occm oc privctc prczc`m hi`lrijlr ` i`dustrim scxumj,

`u cxist `cvlic dc m dlvcdi alrm, armudm smu lfjigmim. S` olpij suf vrstm dc => m`i `u plmtcol`sihi hu`oii ` lrioc scotlr mj i`dustrici scxumjc, i`ojusiv prlstituic, ojufuri dc striptcmscsmu plr`lgrmaic, i cstc ol`sidcrmt mutlhmt l viotih m trmaioujui scxumj dc pcrslm`c.

M`mjizm trmaioujui olpiijlr duoc dcsclri jm ol`sidcrmrcm mjtlr omtcglrii dc cxpjlmtmrcm molpiijlr. Ol`vc`iijc i prltloljurijc i`tcr`mil`mjc lfjig orihi`mjizmrcm cxpjlmtrii scxumjcolhcroimjc m olpiijlr. Stijizmrcm olpiijlr ` oirouituj scxujui olhcroimj cstc i`tcrzis ol`alrhRrltloljujui L.@.S. @u plt cxistm cxocpii, i `ioi l rmil`mjizmrc sloilcol`lhio smuoujturmj plmtc i`tcrvc`i ` smjvmrcm olpiijlr di` mscrvircm scxumj. Trmaiouj scxumj mol`scoii`c dcvmstmtlmrc pc`tru hi`lri, i`ojusiv trmuhc dc durmt, mtt aizioc ot i psinljlgioc, flji ou trm`shitcrc scxumj, dcpc`dc` dc drlguri, smroi`i `cdlritc, hmj`utriic,lstrmoizmrc sloimj i onimr hlmrtc.

Cxpjlmtmrcm _cxumj Olhcroimj m Olpiijlr cstc cxpjlmtmrcm scxumj m olpiijlr sprc fc`caioiuj olhcroimj mj mjtlr pcrslm`c. Mocmstm i`ojudc tlmtc alrhcjc dc prlstituic m olpiijlr, prcouh i plr`lgrmaim ou hi`lri. Mocmstm di` urh `u cstc `cmprmt l alrh dc trmaiomrc, `shmklritmtcm omzurijc dc cx pjlmtmrc scxumj olhcroimj m olpiijlr rcprczi`t alrhc scvcrc dctrmaio dc pcrslm`c.

Turishuj scxumj ou olpii, cstc l alrh dcocrcrc dc viotihc m trmaioujui scxumj dcolpii. Ihpjio pcrslm`c omrc ojtlrcso di`tr -l mr dc lrigi`c, dcsclri l mr u`dc cxpjlmtmrcmscxumj m olpiijlr cstc ijcgmj smu rcspi`s oujturmj, otrc l mjt mr u`dc sc m`grc`cmz ` scxumjc olhcroimjc ou olpii. Mocmst alrh dc trmaio dc pcrslm`c cstc u` mtmo rui`ls am dcdchi`itmtcm olpiijlr i l alrh dc mfuz m mocstlrm. Ihpjio dcsclri trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c,dclmrcoc l trmaiomrc m alst `cocsmr ` lfi`crcm olpijujui pc`tru cxpjlmtmrc.

Mdrcsmrcm turishujui scxumj ou olpii ` rmplrtuj L.@.S. m urhrit ihpjiomrcmcxnmustiv m guvcr`cjlr ` prcvc`ircm octc`ijlr `m`grc`mrcm ` turish scxumj ou olpii,i`ojusiv pri` ol`dmh`mrcm prcsupuijlr mstacj dc turiti pc`tru orihc pc omrc jc-mu aout pcstcgrm`i. Dcmschc`cm, su`t `cocsmrc calrturi mjc guvcr`ujui rii dc dcsti`mic pc`tru m pcdcpsstri`ii omrc sc m`grc`cmz ` turishuj scxumj, ol`alrh jcgisjmici prcvc`tivc m mocjci ri, omu` calrt dc m rcduoc ocrcrcm dc motc scxumjc olhcroimjc. Calrturijc guvcr`ujui rii dcdcsti`mic dc m pcdcpsi trmaiouj dc olpii pc`tru cxpjlmtmrc scxumj, aic c olhis dc u` turist aic

dc u` rczidc`t, mpmri` jcgisjmici pc`mjc m mocjci ri.

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

=>

6.7. Hu`om alrmt ou olpii Hmklritmtcm lrgm`izmiijlr i jcgisjmiijlr `mil`mjc rcou`lso o, olpiii sc plt m`gmkm

hu`o ulmr. Cxist u` ol`sc`s ` orctcrc, `s,ocjc hmi `cgmtivc alrhc dc hu`o molpiijlr mr trcfui crmdiomtc. Qi`dcrcm i trmaiomrcm olpiijlr i `onidcrcm jlr ` hu`o lfjigmtsmu alrmt su`t pri`trc ocjc hmi tristc alrhc dc trmaiomrc m olpiijlr. Lrioc olpij omrc cstc supusscrvitudi`ii i`vlju`tmrc, lfjigmtivitii pri` dmtlric, mhm`ctujui smu sojmvici pri` alr, armudsmu hctldc olcroitivc, cstc l viotih m trmaioujui, i`diacrc`t dc jlouj u`dc mrc jlo mocmstcxpjlmtmrc. I`diomtlrii mocstlr situmii i`ojud situmii ` omrc olpijuj svrctc hu`oi omrmduo u` fc`caioiu ai`m`oimr ouivm di` cxtcrilruj amhijici olpijujui i `u i sc lacr olpijujui

lpiu`cm dc m rc`u`m jm motivitmtc.

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Ompitljuj ?. Motlrii trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c

?.=. Trmaiom`tuj

Trmaiom`ii dc aii`c uhm`c mtrmg i pri`d i`divizi ` trmaio dc alr dc hu`o smu trmaio scxualjlsi`d hctldc dc ol`trlj prcouh alrm, armudm smu hctldc olcroitivc. @u plmtc ai dcai`it u`si`gur prlaij mj trmaiom`tujui. ` csc`, trmaiom`ii dc aii`c uhm`c plt ai lrioc pcrslm`c dispuss cxpjlmtczc l mjt aii` uhm`, ou solpuj prlaitujui.

Trmaiom`ii i`ojud mocjc pcrslm`c omrc rcorutcmz, trm`splrt, mdplstcso, lfi` icxpjlmtcmz viotihc, dcsclri aljlsi`d alrm, mhc`i`ri, hio`iu`i smu mjtc hikjlmoc dc ol`trljaizio i psinljlgio. Moctim plt ai stri`i smu ol`octc`i, frfmi smu achci, hchfrii dcamhijic, pmrtc`cri i`tihi, ou`ltii`c smu stri`i.

` fmzm m`mjizci omzurijlr dc trmaio dc aii`c uhm`c omrc mu alst idc`tiaiomtc, cxchpjc dtrmaiom`i pltc`imji i`ojud;

Rcti5 Rmrtc`cri i`tihi5 Hchfri dc amhijic5 Gru puri smu rccjc orihi`mjc lrgm`izmtc5 cai smu hm`mgcri dc frldcjuri smu smjlm`c dc hmsmk amjsc5 Frlecri dc jlouri dc hu`o5 M`gmkmtlri mi scrvitlrijlr dlhcstioi5 Rrlprictmri i hm`mgcri dc mamocri hioi5 Rrlprictmri i hm`mgcri dc amfrioi i olrplrmii.

Tr maiom`ii i mtrmg viotihcjc ` situmii cxpjlmtmtivc, dcsclri aljlsi`du-sc dc spcrm`cjcmocstlrm dc m-i hfu`ti vicijc amhijiijlr jlr. Rrlhit dcsclri l m`s pc`tru l vim hmi fu`, u` jlo dc hu`o hmi fu`, l rcjmic rcuit smu lplrtu`iti `li i i`oitm`tc. ` mjtc omzuri,trmaiom`ii i rpcso viotihcjc i sc aljlscso dc viljc` aizio i psilnljlgio pc`tru m jcol`trljm, alr`du-jc ` hu`o smu ` cxpjlmtmrc scxumj olhcroimj.

L gmh jmrg dc i`armotlri, i`ojusiv pcti i`dividumji, lpcrmiu`i amhijimjc, mamocri dchioi dihc`siu`i, rccjc orihi`mjc `coc`trmjizmtc smu lpcrmiu`i orihi`mjc lrgm`izmtci`tcr`mil`mjc plt ai mgc`i trmaiom`i ` omzuj trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c. Dcsclri, trmaiom`viotihcjc jlr hpmrt mocjcmi lrigi`i `mil`mjc, ct`ioc smu oujturmjc, occm oc i pcrhitctrmaiom`tujui s `cjcmg hmi fi`c i s cxpjlmtczc vuj`crmfijitijc viotihci.

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Cxist dli amotlri prihmri omrc stihujcmz trmaiom`ii dc aii`c uhm`c; prlaiturijcridiomtc i grmduj sozut dc riso. Mocmstolhfi`mic putcr`io cstc amotlruj omrc mjihc`tcmzrsp`dircm cxpjlziv m ac`lhc`ujui trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c, occm oc j trm`salrh `tr -u`mdi` i`dustriijc orihi`mjc ou ocm hmi rmpid orctcrc di` juhc.

Trmaiom`ii plt ai mtt frfmi ot i achci. S`m di` `trcfrijc i`tcrcsmtc dc ol`sidcrmt` rcjmic ou gc`uj trmaiom`ijlr cstc; omrc cstc rljuj trmaiom`tujui, ol`alrh ou gc`uj< Vljurijc kuomtc dc achci ` grupurijc trmaiom`tc vmrimz. ` u`cjc grupuri orihi`mjc, achcijc klmo rljursch`iaiomtivc ` prlocsuj dc trmaiomrc. _prc cxchpju, trmaiomrcm achcijlr di` @igcrim ` Itmjim pmrc m ai ol`trljmt` pri`oipmj dc achci, frfmii loup`d dc ocjc hmi hujtc lri, au`oiiscou`dmrc.6

` ol`trmst ou mocst mspcot, su`t situmiijc ` omrc au`oiijc achcijlr trmaiom`tc cstc dc msusi`c frfmii, occm oc jc pjmscmz jm cxtrchitijc motivitii orihi`mjc.?

L mjt `trcfmrc utij mr putcm ai; Omrc cstc gc`uj trmaiom`ijlr am dc viotihcjc jlVcorutlrii dcviotihc su`t dcsclri scjcotmi pc`rtu mfijitmtcm jlr dc m stmfiji rmpid u` grmd dc`orcdcrc ou viotihcjc pc omrc jc rcorutcmz. S` studil mj S@LDO m ol`ojuzil`mt o achcijctrmaiom`tc su`t dcsclri aljlsitc pc`tru m rcorutm viotihc omrc jc-mr pcrocpc rmpid om aii`dorcdifijc i mutlritmrc.4

Lpcrmiu`ijc dc trmaiomrc ol`stmu dlmr di` trmaiom`i dc scx hmsouji`, smu dc u`

mhcstco mj mhfcjlr scxc, dmrsitumim cxist mtt ` trmaiouj dc achci, ot i ` trmaiouj dc olpiii frfmi. S` hldus lpcrm`di lpus cstc ocj ` omrc trmaiom`ii su`t cxojusiv dc gc` achi`i`.Qiotihcjc jlr ti`d s aic achci smu actc.3 Trmaiom`ii omrc `s i mfuzcmz scxumj viotihcjc(achci smu olpii) su`t dc ocjc hmi hujtc lri, frfmi.

S`ii trmaiom`i su`t onimr ci alstc viotihc. _prc cxchpju, ` u`cjc ri, l Dlmh` `mrm dc dcsti`mic supcrvizcmz, ol`trljcmz i lrgm`izcmz actcjc i achcijc trmaiomtc pc`tcxpjlmtmrc scxumj, jc ollrdl`cmz motivitijc i str`gc fm`ii pc omrc i otig. Hujtc msta

dc Dlmh`c omrc mu alstocroctmtc, mu `ocput om viotihc, i ldmt oc dmtlrim jlr m alstmonitmt prlprici jlr Dlmh`c, aljlscmu moccmi sonch pc`tru m otigm fm`i.1

Hltivcjc pc`tru omrc l viotih trmaiomt dcvi`c trmaiom`t, i`ojud ariom dc m ai mhc`i`mtcou viljc` i/smu om rspjmt pc`tru mfsljvircm rljujui jlr ` oirouituj trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c.

6 S@IOVI, Trmaaioei`g la @igcrim` Girjs tl Itmjy, 6224? Jcvc`erl` @., M`ltncr Dcjivcry arlh Tmsnec`t; Rrlaijc la tnc Isrmcji Trmaaioecr , 62274 S@LDO,Trmaaioei`g i` Nuhm` Fci`gs i` Frmzij, S@LDOs Trmaaioei`g i` Rcrsl`s; Gjlfmj Rmttcr`s Vcplrt

(Omsc _tudy ==)3 S@LDO,Trmaaioei`g i` Rcrsl`s; GjlfmjRmttcr`s, 62211 Ifidch

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6=

Rrivitlr jm prihm situmic, mu alst rmplrtmtc omzuri ` omrc u`cjc pcrslm`c sc m`grc`mu `trmaiouj dc pcrslm` om i trmaiom`i, pri` i`tihidmrcm trmaiom`ijlr jlr, i pri` rcjmii dcdcpc`dc`. Mocmstm plmtc ai `cjcms pri` ocjcfrm ol`diic m _i`drlhujui _tloenljh i mmjtlr rspu`suri psinljlgioc omrc vd viotihm idc`tiaio`du-sc ou pcrspcotivm ompturmtlrujui.

` mj dlijcm tip dc situmic, trm`spu`crcm dc jm viotih jm trmaiom`t plmtc rcprczc`tm lhfu`tirc, i plmtc ai privit dc viotih om l alrh dc prlhlvmrc. _prc cxchpju, u`cjcviotihc mjc trmaioujui su`t prlhlvmtc di` rljuj dc pcrslm` cxpjlmtmt prihmr, molrd`du-ji-sc rcspl`smfijitmtc ` ol`trljmrcm mjtlr viotihc.7 S` studiu cacotumt ` I`dim msuprm trmaioriiachcijlr i olpiijlr ou solpuj cxpjlmtrii scxumj, m dcai`it mocst suficot, `lt`d o u`cjcviotihc mjc cxpjlmtrii scxumjc, ` mfsc`m mjtlr sljuii pc`tru m-i msigurm sigurm`m smucvmdmrcm, vlr prlhlvm ` rljuj dc trmaiom`t.>

Rc`tru om l pcrslm` trmaiomt s aic rcou`lsout om viotih, pri`oipiuj dc `c-pcdcpsircsc mpjio, ao`d viotihm ihu` ` amm pcdcpscjlr am dc ihpjiomrcm ` motiviti ijcmtu`oi o`d ihpjiomrcm cstc l ol`scoi` dircot m situmici jlr om pcrslm` trmaiomt. Mocmstojmuz spcoiaiomt ` Rri`oipii i Gniduri pc`tru Drcpturijc Shm`c i Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`cm L@S, m alst prcjumt ` Mrtioljuj 61 mj Ol`vc`ici Ol`sijiujui Curlpcm` msuprm Trmaioujuidc Aii`c Shm`c, omrc stipujcmz; Aicomrc stmt ihpjiomt vm msigurm, ` ol`olrdm` ou pri`oipiijc dc fmz m sistchujui su jcgmj, jipsircm dc pc`mjiti ihpusc viotihcjlr, mtt tihp ot

mocstcm mu alst ol`str`sc.Dmt aii`d amptuj o mprlmpc lrioc mr cstc, aic mr dc lrigi`c, trm`zit i/smu dcsti`m

` hld jlgio, trmaiom`ii plt ai dc lrioc `mil`mjitmtc. Mioi `c putch `trcfm, omrc cstc`mil`mjitmtcm trmaiom`ijlr ` rcjmic ou rijc ` omrc lpcrcmz.

Ou`lmtcrcm mhfcjlr ri ` omrc trmaiom`tuj lpcrcmz, prcouh i prlprim mr dc prlvc`ic`, plmtc lacri i`dioii ` hlduj dc lpcrmrc mj trmaiom`ijlr i rljuj pc omrc moctim j klmo ` prlocsuj dc trmaiomrc. _prc cxchpju, rcorutmrcm viotihcjlr plmtc ai amoijitmt

sch`iaiomtiv, mtu`oi o`d rcorutlruj vlrfctc moccmi jihf i prlvi`c di` moccmi oujtur omviotihcjc.9 Hujtc grupuri dc orih lrgm`izmt stmfijitc ` olhu`itijc dimsplrci mu hc`i`utjcgturi ct`ioc str`sc ou rijc dc lrigi`c.=2

` hmi hujtc ri, hmklritmtcm orihi`mjijlr mpmri` dc moccmi `mil`mjitmtc ou momrc sc dcsalmr i`vcstigmim.== _prc cxchpju, ` Ljm`dm, s-m rmplrtmt o, `trc =99> i 6226,

7 Jcvc`erl` @., M`ltncr Dcjivcry arlh Tmsnec`t; Rrlaijc la tnc Isrmcji Trmaaioecr , 6227> @mir R.H., M Vcplrt l` Trmaaioei`g i` Wlhc` m`d Onijdrc` i` I`dim, 62269 Jcvc`erl` @., M`ltncr Dcjivcry arlh Tmsnec`t; Rrlaijc la tnc Isrmcji Trmaaioecr , 6227=2 CSVLRLJ, Tnc Tnrcmt arlh Lrgm`izcd Orihc

== S@LDO,Trmaaioei`g i` Rcrsl`s; GjlfmjRmttcr`s, 6221

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ocm hmi arcovc`t `mil`mjitmtc m suspcoijlr ` omzurijc dc trmaiomrc, crm ljm`dcz. Ou tmocstcm, ` mjtc ri, i`alrhmiijc displ`ifijc sugcrcmz l olhpjcxitmtc hmi hmrc. S` mstacj dcstudiu gsih ` Gcrhm`im, u`dc 36% di` trmaiom`i crmu dc l mjt `mil`mjitmtc jm `mtcrc.=6 `hld sihijmr, hmklritmtcm trmaiom`ijlr idc`tiaiomi ` Itmjim `trc =991 i 622? crmu `souiMjfm`im.

` hmklritmtcm omzurijlr, rcorutlrii su`t hmi ` vrst dcot pcrslm`cjc pc omrc jcrcorutcmz. Mocmst situmic m alst pus pc scmhm uuri`ci ou omrc l pcrslm` ` vrst phm`ipujm l pcrslm` hmi t`r. Rc dc mjt pmrtc, huji olpii su`t rcorutmi ou alrm ol`ajiotcmrhmtc, onimr dc otrc mji olpii.

_tmtutuj amhijimj mj trmaiom`ijlr S`ii trmaiom`i su`t ostlrii smu sc maj ` pmrtc`crimtc dlhcstioc, imr mjii su

ocjifmtmri. S`ii mu olpii, u`ii `u mu olpii. Mu alst omzuri ` omrc pmrtc`crii, slii, olpiii, pri`iismu mjtc rudc s-mu majmt ` `cou`ltii` dc omuz am dc motivitijc orihi`mjc mjc rudcjlr jMu cxistmt dc mschc`cm situmii ` omrc amhijiijc oljmflrmu ` lprcmiu`ijc dc trmaiomrc. Vccdc amhijii plt oupri`dc sli, slii, pmrtc`cri dlhcstioi, olpii, pri`i i onimr i amhijim cxti`s.Mstacj dc mrm`kmhc`tc plt cxistm i pcstc grm`ic. _prc cxchpju, l hmh rcorutcmz ` mrm Mi trihitc viotihcjc sprc prlstituic aiioci ci majmt ` mrm F.

S` studiu dcsaurmt ` I`dim pc =12 dc trmaiom`i m ol`ojuzil`mt o hchfrii jlr dcamhijic crmu ihpjiomi ` motivitijc dc trmaiomrc. Di`trc moctim;

4?% mu dcojmrmt o pmrtc`crii crmu ihpjiomi ` mamocrc5 6=.1% mu dcojmrmt o i ihpjiomscr olpiii5 ?3% mu dcojmrmt o amhijim cxti`s crm ihpjiomt.=?

S` studiu Sormi`cm` m sols jm ivcmj o ==% di` viotihcjc achi`i`c trmaiomtc, crmutrmaiomtc ou mkutlruj slijlr jlr.=4 ` mocjmi studiu fmzmt ` I`dim, l oi`oihc di` trmaiom`i mu

rcou`lsout o i-mu trmaiomt prlpriijc rudc. Di`trc moctim, ?2.?% i-mu trmaiomt aiiocjc, ?9.4%i-mu trmaiomt surlrijc i vcrilmrcjc, 9.=% i-mu trmaiomt sliijc, imr pcstc 62% i trmaiomscr`cplmtcjc. 73% di`trcmoctim i trmaiomscr rudcjc o`d viotihcjc `ioi `u hpji`iscr => m`i.=3

_roim cxtrch plmtc dcmschc`cm alrm lmhc`ii s-i i`trlduo rudcjc ` oirouitujtrmaioujui dc pcrslm`c, prcouh pri`i trmaio`du-i aiiocjc, otrc ostlrii mrm`kmtc smu

=6 Gcrhm` Fu`dcserihmjmht (FEM) Fu`dcsjmgcfijd Hc`sonc`nm`dcj Vcplrt, 6221=? @mir R.H., M Vcplrt l` Trmaaioei`g i` Wlhc` m`d Onijdrc` i` I`dim, 6226=4

Dc`islvm T., Trmaaioei`g i` Wlhc` m`d Onijdrc` alr tnc Rurplscs la _cxumj Cxpjlitmtil`, [mplriznicS`ivcrsity=3 @mir R.H., M Vcplrt l` Trmaaioei`g i` Wlhc` m`d Onijdrc` i` I`dim, 6226

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cxpjlmtmrc scxumj. S` mstacj dc studiu dcsaurmt ` Mzcrfmikm` m dctcrhi`mt o hmklritmtcmactcjlr i achcijlr mzcrc su`t trmaiomtc dc prictc`i, ou`ltii`c, vcoi`i smu rudc.=1

Loupmim, cduomim i istlriouj orihi`mj mj trmaiom`ijlr Rui`cjc studii omrc mu alst dcsaurmtc, i`dio amptuj o u`ii trmaiom`i mu u` istlrio

trmaiomrc smu mjtc orihc ` omzicrc, dci mji trmaiom`i mu omzicrcjc ourmtc. _prc cxchpjstudiu dcsaurmt ` Ocnim m ol`ojuzil`mt o, di` ?= dc trmaiom`i i`tcrvicvmi, dlmr =6 mvcuomzicr.=7 S` studiu isrmcjim` mpjiomt pc ?63 trmaiom`i m dcsolpcrit o 47.?% di`trc moctim `umvcmu omzicr.=>

_tudiuj i`dim` dcsaurmt pc =12 dc trmaiom`i, ihpjiomi ` i`dustrim dc cxpjlmtmrcscxumj, m sols jm ivcmj amptuj o, `mi`tc dc m dcvc`i trmaiom`i, hmklritmtcm mocstlr pcrmvcmu jcgturi str`sc ou i`dustrim ` omrc urhmu s motivczc.

?7.3% mu alst viotihc mjc cxpjlmtrii scxumjc ` flrdcjuri5 ?3% mu alst prlprictmri dc flrdcjuri omrc mudcvc`it trmaiom`i pri` rcjmiijc mprlpimtc pc

omrc jc mvcmu ou moctim5 66% mu hltc`it mamocrcm dc jm pri`i, tutlri smu pcrslm`c ou omrc trimu5 3.1% crmu olhpjct `li mamocrii i mu i`trmt pri` msloicrc ou mji trmaiom`i.

Hmklritmtcm ocjlr ?7%, alstc viotihc mjc cxpjlmtrii ` flrdcjuri, crmu achci ` vrstomrc `u-i hmi putcmu scrvi ojic`ii.

Vljurijc trmaiom`ijlr `cjcgcrcm diacritcjlr rljuri kuomtc dc trmaiom`i pri` vmriijc stmdii mjc trmaiorii

aicomrc `ivcj mj icrmrnici dc trmaiomrc cstc `cocsmr pc`tru amoijitmrcm idc`tiaiorii i mrcstriimocstlrm, i `trcrupcrcm smu `oncicrcm motivitijlr i lpcrmiu`ijlr mocstlrm. `cjcgcrljurijlr kuomtc dc oci oc olhit i`armoiu`i jcgmtc dc trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c vlr lacri

dcmschc`cm i`alrhmii `cocsmrc pc pmroursuj i`vcstigmiijlr. hfu`tircm ou`ltii`cjlr vlrhfu`ti jm r`duj jlr ompmoitmtcm alrcjlr jcgisjmtivc dc m i`tcrvc`i ` vmrii hlhc`tc mjc prlocsujui. Ou ot su`t ou`lsoutc hmi hujtc i`alrhmii am dc motlri i rljuj jlr jm aicomrcstmdiu mj icrmrnici, i`tcrvc`iijc plt ai dcsaurmtc hmi rmpid.

=1 I`tcr`mtil`mj Lrgm`izmtil` alr Higrmtil`,_nmttcrcd Drcmhs; M Vcplrt l` Trmaaioei`g i` Rcrsl`s i`

Mzcrfmikm`, 6226=7 I`stitutc la Orihi`mj m`d _loimj Rrcvc`til`,Trmaaioei`g i` Wlhc`; tnc Ozcon Vcpufjio Rcrspcotivc, 6224=> Jcvc`erl` @., M`ltncr Dcjivcry arlh Tmsnec`t; Rrlaijc la tnc Isrmcji Trmaaioecr , 6227

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Trmaiom`ii plt ai mflrdm`i ` ol`alrhitmtc ou rljuj plziici jlr ` icrmrnim lpcrmiu`iismu lrgm`izmici dc trmaiomrc dc omrc mpmri`. S` hld dc m ol`ocptumjizm mocmst icrmrnicdc m stmfiji `ivcjurijc irmrnioc pc omr c sc dcsalmr motivitmtcm.

Trmaiom`tuj ol`duotlr ` vrauj pirmhidci icrmrnioc, mocstm sc fuour dc u` `ivcjorcsout dc m`l`ihitmtc. Hm`mgcrimz i dircoil`cmz motivitijc, lfi``d ocj hmisch`iaiomtiv prlait5

Trmaiom`ii prihmri idc`tiaio surscjc dc ocrcrc i lacrt, prlour, ouhpr i v`d pcrslm`c ` diacritc jlomii5

Trmaiom`ii scou`dmri jivrcmz `orotur uhm` trmaiom`ijlr pri`oipmji5 dcsclri,gsih mioi rudc smu prictc i mjc viotihcjlr, i`armotlri smu gti jlomjc5

Outtlrii dc i`alrhmii vizitcmz jlomii (picc, stmii dc trc` cto.) pc`tru m lfi`ci`alrhmii am dc pcrslm`c vuj`crmfijc. Moctim rmplrtcmz dircot trmaiom`tujuol`duotlr.=9 Rc pmroursuj prlocsujui dc trmaiomrc, trmaiom`ii su`t lfjigmi s dcsalmrc diacrit

rljuri. ` Vmplrtuj L@S privi`d Rri`oipiijc i Vcgujijc Vcolhm`dmtc ` mflrdmrcm DrcpturijlrLhujui i Trmaioujui dc Aii`c Shm`c, trmaiom`ii plt ai; rcorutlri, trm`splrtmtlri, oci occxcroit ol`trlj msuprm pcrslm`cjlr trmaiomtc, oci oc trm`sacr i/smu hc`i` pcrslm`cjc trmaiomtc` situmii cxpjlmtmtivc, oci ihpjiomi ` i`armoiu`i jcgmtc dc lpcrmiu`c, oci oc prlait dircsmu i`dircot di` trmaiomrc, prijc olhpl`c`tc i mjtc i`armoiu`i jcgmtc.

Rltrivit stmgiijlr sihpjiamotc mjc trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c, trmaiom`ii plt lpcrm om; =. Vcorutlri oci oc rcorutcmz viotihc5 6. Trm`splrtmtlri oci oc trm`splrt viotihcjc pri` diacritcjc stmgii otrc jlomim

cxpjlmtrii ` omdruj u`ci ri (i`tcr`) i/smu `trc ri (i`tcr`mil`mj)5 ?. Cxpjlmtmtlrii oci oc cxpjlmtcmz viotihc, i`ojusiv pri` prlstituic i mjtc alrhc dc

cxpjlmtmrc scxumj, hu`o smu scrvitudi`c alrmt, sojmvic smu prmotioi sihijmr

sojmvici, scrvitudi`ii smu `jturrii dc lrgm`c.

VcorutlriiVcorutlrii su`t dc lfioci cxtrch dc `zcstrmi ` occm oc privctc otigmrcm `orcdcrii

viotihci, pc`tru m l hm`ipujm. Dcsclri, rcorutlrii su`t scjcotmi pc`tru m motivm ou mocmstau`oic, ou mkutlruj pltc`imjujui jlr dc m alrhm l jcgtur ou pltc`imjcjc viotihc. _ prccxchpju, u` rmplrt S@LDO di` 622? mdcsolpcrit o, dci hmklritmtcm trmaiom`ijlr crmu

=9 @mir R.H., M Vcplrt l` Trmaaioei`g i` Wlhc` m`d Onijdrc` i` I`dim, 6226

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frfmi, rcorutmrcm viotihcjlr ihpjio sch`iaiomtiv hmi hujtc achci, ` spcoimj ` omzurijc `omrc viotihcjc crmu rcorutmtc i`dividumj i `u ` grup.62 Orcdifijitmtcm mocstlrm i rmplrtuj pcomrc j stmfijcmu ou viotihcjc crm hfu`tit mtu`oi o`d rcorutlrii crmu hmi ` vrst.

Mjtc rmplmrtc mu ol`ojuzil`mt o rcorutlrii prlvi` di` mocjmi grup ct`io ou viotihcjc,u` amotlr oc amoijitcmz ompmoitmtcm mocstlrm dc m olhu`iom i dc m otigm `orcdviotihcjlr. Dci cxist achci i actc trmaiomtc ` cxpjlmtmrc scxumj pri` m`u`uri ` zimrc, `rijc ` omrc hcdim pri`tmt cstc rcgjchc`tmt, trmaiom`ii sc rczuh jm ol`tmotc hmi dircotc viotihcjc.

_tudiuj Sormi`cm` m i`diomt o 72% di` trmaiom`i mtrmg viotihcjc prlhi`du-jc jlouridc hu`o, pmrtioipmrcm ` ol`oursuri dc aruhuscc, hldcjji`g, vmom`c icati`c, prlgrmhc dcstudii pcstc nltmrc cto.6= ` I`dim, trmaiom`ii rcorutmu achci i olpii sprc cxpjlmtmrc scxumj,mdmpt`du-i hctldm ol`alrh aicorci viotihc i oirouhstm`c. Rri`trc lacrtcjc amjsc aljlsitc`tj`ih jlouri dc hu`o om `grikitlri, motlri, ` amfrioi, prlhisiu`i hmritmjc, lacri`d ojtlrii,hprictc`i`du-sc ou omdluri (` spcoimj ` omzuj olpiijlr strzii).66

Trm`splrtmtlriiHlduj dc trm`splrtmrc vm dcpi`dc dc rutm dc trmaiomrc5 trm`splrtuj pufjio plmtc ai

prcacrmt dc trm`splrtmtlri pri` m`l`ihitmtcm pc omrc j lacr i jipsm dc mtc`ic pc omrc l molrd

alrcjc dc lrdi`c, olhpmrmtiv ou vcnioujc `onirimtc. Mtu`oi o`d trmaiomrcm cstc trm`s`mil`mj, ihpjio plsifijc `tj`iri ou vmhci i laicri

dc ihigrmic. Laioimjii vmhci i pljiitii plt ai hituii, smu viotihcjc trmaiomtc plt trcocgrm`icjc jcgmj om i studc`i, turiti smu ou vizc dc hu`o, i ujtcrilr dcpi`d jihitm moocptmtdc viz. O`d vizcjc jcgmjc `u su`t l omjc plsifij, trmaiom`ii vlr utijizm dlouhc`tc dcidc`titmtc amjsc smu dlouhc`tc vmjidc hldiaiomtc. Mjtcr`mtiv, `u cstc aljlsit `ioi ldlouhc`tmic imr viotihcjc su`t pur i sihpju trcoutc grm`im.

L mjt plsifij olhpjiomic mpmrc mtu`oi o`d sc i`tcrscotcmz trmaiouj dc ihigrm`i outrmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c. Cstc plsifij om pcrslm`m omrc omdc viotih trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`cs ai alst i`iimj trmaiomt om ihigrm`t. Olhpjiomii ` occm oc privctc rljurijc orihi`mjijlr i mjmutlritijlr olruptc, solt ` cvidc` `cvlim dc mprlau`dmrc m ocroctrijlr di` mocst dlhc`iu,i mprlau`dmrcm i`vcstigmiijlr ` mocst solp.

62 Trmaaioei`g i` Nuhm` Fci`gs i` Frmzij, S@LDOs Trmaaioei`g i` Rcrsl`s; Gjlfmj Rmttcr`s Vcplrt (Omsc _tudy==)6=

Dc`islvm T., Trmaaioei`g i` Wlhc` m`d Onijdrc` alr tnc Rurplscs la _cxumj Cxpjlitmtil`, [mplriznicS`ivcrsity66 @mir R.H., M Vcplrt l` Trmaaioei`g i` Wlhc` m`d Onijdrc` i` I`dim, 6226

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Cxpjlmtmtlrii Cxpjlmtmtlrii ol`stmu `tr-l gmh jmrg dc motlri, dc jm oci oc cxcroit ol`trlj msu prm

viotihcjlr pc`tru m jc cxpjlmtm pc`tru prlait, p` jm ojic`tuj omrc ocrc scrvioiuj viotihci, pc`tru omrc mocmstm i alst trmaiomt.

Ou privirc jm trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c ou solpuj cxpjlmtrii scxumjc, m cxistmt l prcsupu`crco trmaiom`ii trcfuic s lacrc l pcrslm` u`ui pctc, omrc mr tri dc pc urhm prlaiturijlrcxpjlmtrii. Ou tlmtc mocstcm, mocstc rljuri sc plt suprmpu`c, trmaiom`tuj aii`d i pctcjc.6?

` omzuj trmaioujui dc alr dc hu`o, u` cxpjlmtmtlr plmtc ai pcrslm`m omrc lfi`c fc`caioii dc pc urhm hu`oii pcrslm`ci cxpjlmtmtc, imr ` omzuj trmaioujui dc lrgm`c pc`trutrm`spjm`t, cxpjlmtmtlr mr ai frlecruj dc lrgm`c, omrc fc`caioimz ai`m`oimr dc pc urhmtrm`zmoici, prcouh i rcoipic`tuj lrgm`ujui.

?.6. Qiotihm

Dclmrcoc trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c cstc dc lfioci u` sistch i`armoil`mj suftcrm`,idc`tiaiomrcm viotihcjlr trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c plmtc ai u` prlocs diaioij pc`tru rcprczc`tm`iijcgii, pufjioujui smu msisitc`ii sloimji.

Mu cxistmt omzuri ` omrc viotihcjc mu sopmt i mu rmplrtmt situmim pljiici. Ou t

mocstcm, ` hmklritmtcm omzurijlr, viotihcjc `u plt pjcom dc jm jlouj dc hu`o ar l csolrt, i`u i plt ol`tmotm dircot amhijiijc, prictc`ii smu hchfrii mi pufjioujui.

Cxist huji amotlri omrc plt mjmrhm pufjiouj, laicrii jcgii smu scrvioiijc sloimjc, mtu`oio`d u` soc`mriu dc trmaiomrc plmtc mvcm jlo jm `ivcj jlomj.

Trmaiouj pc`tru olhcr scxumj Qiotihcjc trmaioujui ou solpuj prmotiorii scxujui olhcroimj, su`t dcsclri gsitc pc

strmd, smu hu`oi`d ` i`stituii omrc lacr motc scxumjc olhcroimjc (cx. flrdcjuri, ojufuri dcstriptcmsc, omsc dc prlduoii prl`lgrmaioc). Mstacj dc i`stituii plt lpcrm suf hmsom u`lr; _mjlm`c dc hmsmk5 _crvioii dc csolrtc5 _tudiluri dc hldcji`g5 Ojufuri/fmruri dc striptcmsc5 Flrdcjuri.

6? Jcvc`erl` @., M`ltncr Dcjivcry arlh Tmsnec`t; Rrlaijc la tnc Isrmcji Trmaaioecr , 6227

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

6>

Hmklritmtcm viotihcjlr trmaiorii `u vlr lacri ` hld vlju`tmr i`alrhmii rcacritlmrc jmstmtutuj jlr, dclmrcoc su`t pusc `tr-l plziic dc supu`crc dc moiu`ijc olcroitivc mjctrmaiom`ijlr, pri` ario i mfuzuj cxcroitmt msuprm viotihcjlr. Qlr ai dcmschc`cm rctioc`tc ` mlacri i`alrhmii di` dispcrmrc, dcsourmkmrc i ihprcsim o `u cxist lpiu`i vmjmfijc dc m sopdi` mocmst situmic. Onimr dmo su`t prcsmtc, cstc plsifij om viotihcjc s `u sc idc`tiaioc om pcrslm`c i`utc hpltrivm vli`ci jlr, dc ariom ol`scoii`cjlr msuprm jlr i amhijiijlr jlr. Outlmtc mocstcm, cxist i`diomtlri omrc dcsclri plt lacri i`dioii dmo l pcrslm` cstc l viotih msojmvici.

Omrmotcristioi mjc s`tii u`ci pcrslm`c trmaiomtc I`divizii trmaiomi plt ai trmtmi om plscsii oc plt ai `jlouitc, i `u ji sc molrd l mtc`ic

splrit i`tcgritii s`tii jlr hc`tmjc, dmr i aizioc. Mstacj, cxist oivm amotlri oc trcfujumi ` ol`sidcrmrc mtu`oi o`d disouth dcsprc s`tmtcm viotihci.

Hmj`utriic, dcsnidrmtmrc smu l sjmf igic` pcrsl`mj5 Flji ou trm`shitcrc scxumj5 V`i, v`ti, armoturi smu mjtc sch`c dc prlfjchc hcdiomjc `ctrmtmtc5 Flji oritioc, i`ojusiv dimfct, om`ocr smu flji omrdimoc. _trcs plst-trmuhmtio smu tujfurri psinljlgioc.

_ch`c mjmrhm`tc _ch`cjc mjmrhm`tc trcfuic lfscrvmtc dc pljiic smu dc m`gmkmii scrvioiijlr sloimjc, omrc

plt lfscrvm o viotihm; @u i i`c si`gur motcjc dc idc`titmtc smu dc ojtlric5 _uacr dc mfuz vcrfmj i/smu psinljlgio, hc`it s i`tihidczc, dcgrmdczc smu s spcric

i`dividuj5 Mrc u` trmaiom`t smu pctc omrc ol`trljcmz tli fm`ii, viotihm vm mvcm almrtc pui`i fm

dc fuzu`mr smu onimr dcjlo5 Cstc cxtrch dc mgitmt, ` spcoimj dmo trmduotlruj, omrc plmtc ai trmaiom`tuj, cs

prczc`t.

Mjturi dc ocjc c`uhcrmtc dcmsuprm, mji i`diomtlri o pcrslm`m plmtc ai i`ut hpltrivmvli`ci ci, cstc onimr amptuj o i`dividuj cstc dc prlvc`ic` stri` i i`ompmfij s vlrfcmso

jihfm rii dc rccdi` smu hu`o.

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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Dci `u cxist l alrhuj cxmot pc`tru m dctcrhi`m dmo l pcrslm` m alst smu `utrmaiomt, urhtlmrcm jist dc `trcfri plmtc scrvi om u` gnid ` dctcrhi`mrcm dmo cjchc`tcjspcoiaioc trmaiorii su`t prczc`tc `tr -l m`uhit situmic.

Rlmtc pcrslm` s prscmso jlouj dc hu`o dup ouh dlrctc< Cstc mocm pcrslm` mfuzmt aizio, scxumj smu psinljlgio< Mrc u pmmplrt smu u` dlouhc`t vmjid dc idc`titmtc i cstc ` plscsim mocstlr

dlouhc`tc< Omrc cstc smjmriuj i omrc su`t ol`diiijc dc m`gmkmrc< Rcrslm`m jlouictc ` prlprim jloui` smu jm/` mprlpicrc dc jlouj dc hu`o< Ouh m mku`s plsifijm viotih ` mrm dc dcsti`mic dmo cstc stri`<

M alst mocmst pcrslm` smu u` mjt hchfru mj amhijici ci mhc`i`mtc< Mocmst pcrslm` sc tchc o ocvm ru i sc vm `thpjm ci smu amhijici ci dmo vm pr

jlouj dc hu`o<

Qiotihcjc trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c mu trcout i trco pri` grcuti pcrsl`mjc omrc plti`ojudc izljmrcm dc hchfrii amhijici, rcjmii dcol`cotmtc dc olhu`itmtcm dc lrigi`c, tihp `omrc mu trit mfuzuri aizioc i prlfjchc hcdiomjc pc pmroursuj u`lr ju`i smu onimr m`i dcsojmvic. Druhuj sprc rcoupcrmrc cstc diaioij ji `cocsit `grikirc ujtcrilmrc pc hmi hujtc `ivcjcdc i`tcrvc`ic. Ldmt idc`tiaiomt, l viotih m trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c plmtc mvcm `cvlic dcurhtlmrcjc scrvioii.

Trmduocrc5 Mdplst, nrm` i hfrohi`tc5 Msistc` hcdiomj5 Msistc` psinljlgio5 Msistc` jcgmj5 Rrcgtirc ji`gvistio5 Rrcgtirc vlomil`mj i cduomil`mj5 _crvioii dc prltcoic5 Ol`sijicrc.

Rc hsur oc sojmvim hldcr` ol`ti`u sc sc cxti`d, ocm hmi fu` hctld dc molhfmtc mocmst prmotio nidlms, cstc dc m mouhujm ocjc hmi fu`c rcsursc di` omdruj alrcjl

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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dc pljiici, m scrvioiijlr sloimjc, m spcoimjitijlr hcdiomji, jcgisjmtiv, hcdim, pc`tru m mkutm i`alrhm pufjiouj.

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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Ompitljuj 4. Rrlocsuj dc trmaiomrc

Dci sc ol`sidcr o sojmvim m alst mfljit ` hmklritmtcm rijlr, sojmvim ` prczc`cxist suf alrhm trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c. Trmaiom`ii sc aljlscso dc alr i armud pc`tru m-i lfjigm viotihcjc ` hu`om alrmt smu cxpjlmtmrc scxumj.

Rutch rcorcm mstacj dc situmii di` rcjmtri mjc u`lr viotihc. L achcic, di`tr -l mrsrmo di` cstuj Curlpci, vcdc u` mai omrc prlhlvcmz l juxlms sjukf dc oncj`cri ` Rmrissmu @cw Ylre. @crfdtlmrc s lfi` u` jlo dc hu`o `tr -l mr flgmt, u`dc lmhc`ii iorcmz prlpriijc dcsti`c, mpcjcmz `uhruj dc pc mai. I sc spu`c o ` sonihfuj m ?.222 dcdljmri, l olhpm`ic l vm dcpjmsm jm Rmris smu @cw Ylre u`dc plmtc lfi`c klfuj dc oncj`cri._tr`gc fm`ii smu c dc molrd s pjtcmso mocm olhpm`ic di` otigurijc lfi`utc di` urhm klfujui i sc hfmro `tr -u` mvil`.

`s, o`d mvil`uj mtcrizcmz, mocm achcic `u cstc dus `tr -u` fmr smu `tr-u`rcstmurm`t. Cm cstc dus `tr -u` flrdcj u` dc cstc v`dut prlprictmrujui i alrmt s sc prlstituczc. I sc spu`c o trcfuic s-i pjtcmso dmtlrim dc ?.222 dc dljmri, dmr i omzmrcm ihmsm. _c maj `tr -l mr u`dc `u ou`lmtc pc `ihc`i, u`dc `u mrc motc laioimjc, i u`dc cstcmhc`i`mt ou viljc` smu hlmrtc dmo vm augi dc jm flrdcj. Dmo `u c dus jm u` flrdcj, cm plmtc ai dus jm u` mtcjicr dc hu`o alrmt, u`dc vm hu`oi mjturi dc olpii tihp dc =3 lrc pc

zi. Mr putcm hu`oi i `tr -u` dlhioijiu privmt, mv`d grik dc `cvlijc u`ci amhijii._prcdclscfirc `s dc l dmdmo smu l hc`mkcr, `u vm prihi `ioildmt u` smjmriu smu m`sm dc mvlrfi ou amhijim ci.

Disouiijc pc tchm trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c urhrcso dc lfioci dlu olhpl`c`tc;trmaiouj scxumj i trmaiouj alrci dc hu`o. Trmaiouj scxumj prihctc hujt hmi hujt mtc`ic `hcdim dmtlrit `mturii sc`zmil`mjistc m mocstci lpcrmiu`i, `s trmaiouj dc alr dc hu`o chujt hmi dcs `tj`it. Qiotihcjc trmaioujui dc alr dc hu`o juorcmz ` amfrioi ar ol`diii,

mgrioujtur, hi`c, ol`struoii, scrvioii, i`dustrii i rcstmurm`tc. Qiotihcjc hmi ti`crc plt aicxpjlmtmtc i alrmtc s ocrcmso pc strmd, imr tlmtc al`durijc str`sc rcvc`i`d ocjlr oc i-muompturmt. Mocti olpii plt ai onimr `rljmi ` mrhmt om i olpii sljdmi. Ol`diiijc dc hu`osu`t dc lfioci prihitivc i cxpjlmtmtivc, imr hu`oitlrii su`t prcdispui u`ui riso ridiomt dcr`irc aizio.

Qiotihcjc trmaioujui scxumj su`t alrmtc s sc prlstituczc, s pmrtioipc ` plr`lgrmaic imjtc motc scxumjc olhcroimjc, prcouh spcotmoljc scxumjc. Mocstcm plt prcsupu`c i`tcrmoiu`i

scxumjc ou zcoi dc frfmi pc `lmptc. Mpmrc`t cjc jlouicso `tr -l oms privmt, `s jlomj cstcou`lsout om aii`d u` flrdcj. Cjc plt ai i trm`splrtmtc `trc lrmc o`d jlomj`ioii sc pjiotiscso

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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dc cjc. Mocstc actc i achci mduo zcoi dc hii dc dljmri trmaiom`ijlr m`umj. _prc cxchpju,smjmriuj hcdiu m`umj ` Fujgmrim cstc dc 6.122 dc dljmri, dmr l prlstitumt di` `tr -l mr dctrm`ziic om Fujgmrim i Vlh`im plmtc otigm onimr i 6?.322$ pc`tru trmaiom`tuj ci, imr `rijc i`dustrimjizmtc, mocmst suh plmtc mku`gc onimr i jm 17.222 dc dljmri pc m`.64

Om sojmvi scxumji, mocstc achci sc cxpu` hljcstrii aizioc, mtt dc jm ojic`i, ot i dc jm pcti viljc`i, dmr sc cxpu` i risoujui macotrii s`tii scxumjc, i`ojusiv flji ou trm`shitcrcscxumj (lrioc dc jm siaijis jm gl`lrcc i NIQ/_IDM), smroi`i `cdlritc, mvlrturi alrmtc istcrijizmrc.

Hlduj dc lpcrmrc mj rccjcjlr dc trmaio dc pcrslm`c sc plt rcduoc jm trci ouvi`tc; alr,armud i ol`str`gcrc.

Alrm sc rcacr jm hlduj ` omrc trmaiom`ii i mdu` viotihcjc, i jm hlduj ` omrcmoctim i hc`i` ol`trljuj msuprm jlr. _prc cxchpju, u`cjc viotihc mjc trmaioujui dc pcrslm`csu`t rpitc i ldmt sufkugmtc, trmaiom`ii sc aljlscso dc tmotioi prcouh viljuj, mfuzuj aizio,dcprivmrcm dc nrm` i slh`, drlgmrcm, pc`tru m jc putcm ol`trljm i hm`ipujm. Trmaiom`ii dclfioci i i` viotihcjc `onisc ou jmotc i pmz`ioi, omrc dcvi` viljc`i ` omzuj tc`tmtivcjlr dccvmdmrc.

Armudm klmo u` rlj vitmj ` trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`c. Rc j`g mdchc`ircm viotihcjlr pri` prlhisiu`i hi`oi`lmsc, u` jlo dc hu`o hmi fu` smu l vim hmi fu`, trmaiom`ii plt dc

mschc`cm mflrdm amhijii srmoc, omz ` omrc sc lacr s jc trihit olpiii ` ri u`dc vlr putcm prihi l cduomic i u`dc vlr tri ou l amhijic iufitlmrc, dlmr pc`tru m vi`dc moci olpii u`lrhi`c dc dimhm`tc. O`d armudm cstc aljlsit ` mocst hld, ol`sihh`tuj i`iimj mj viotihci`u hmi cstc vmjmfij.

Trmaiom`ii sc aljlscso dcsclri dc armud stmfiji`d u` prc pc`tru trm`splrt i omzmrc iolhm`dmrcm viotihci s pjtcmso dmtlrim pri` prlstituic smu hu`o alrmt pc`tru m-iol`vi`gc viotihcjc s hu`ocmso. Mstacj dc prmotioi su`t ijcgmjc5 `u sc plmtc diotm hlduj dc

pjmt mj u`cidmtlrii. Ou tlmtc mocstcm, viotihcjc `u ou`lso mocst mspcot, smu `u dci`ou`ltii`cjc `cocsmrc pc`tru m ol`tic`tizm o, ` oiudm calrturijlr jlr,, dmtlrim `u schiolrcmz. Mstacj dc prmotioi su`t `uhitc dmtlrii pri` lfjigmic.

@u ` ujtihuj r`d, ol`str`gcrcm cstc l tmotio putcr`io ` sufkugmrcm viotihcjlrtrmaioujui dc pcrslm`c. @u `uhmi o trmaiom`ii i mhc`i` ou viljc`m pcrslm`cjc omptivc,mhc`i` i rudcjc i prictc`ii dmo sojmvuj `u vm rcspcotm rcgujijc. Trmaiom`ii sc aljlscso dcm`tmk. Rlt mhc`i`m s trihit plzc olhprlhitlmrc amhijici viotihci. ` u`cjc ri, picrdcrcm

64 Klr` Hmdsjic`,_cx trmdc's rcjim`oc l` alrocd jmflur , FFO, hmi 6223

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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virtuii u`ci achci rcprczi`t l pmt `cmgr pc `uhcjc amhijici, smu mr putcm rczujtm onimr `mrcstuj smu dcplrtmrcm viotihci `mpli jm amhijim dczl`lrmt. Di` hlhc`t oc trmaiom`ii pstrcz dlouhc`tcjc prizl`icrijlr (dmo mocstcm cxist), pcrspcotivm prczc`ci `tr -l mr `omrc plmtc `ioi jihfm `u l ou`lso, cstc `spih`ttlmrc pc`tru viotihc.

Ariom, armudm i ol`str`gcrcm ollpcrcmz pc`tru m ol`trljm viotihcjc trmaiomtc. Mocstchctldc prlvlmo vthri psinljlgioc, imr viotihcjc su`t oupri`sc dc rui`c, suacri`, ario,g`duri suioidmjc, m`xictmtc i i picrd ompmoitmtcm dc m sc `orcdc. Di` `cacrioirc, mocssc`tihc`tc `grcu`cmz gsircm i smjvmrcm jlr dc otrc lrgm`cjc pljiic`cti.

C suaioic`t s ol`tic`tizczi supcraioimj dctmjiijc dcsprc lrlrijc trmaioujui dc aii`cuhm`c pc`tru m-i dlri s gscti viotihcjc i s jc mkui. ` 6222, _tmtcjc S`itc mu i`stmurmtMotuj dc Rrltcoic mjc Qiotihcjlr Trmaioujui dc Rcrslm`c. ` mocjmi m`, L@S m rmtiaiomRrltloljuj dc jm Rmjcrhl omrc lfjigm rijc hchfrc s juptc hpltrivm mocstui ac`lhc`.

Di` `cacrioirc, viotihcjc sc dlvcdcso m ai grcu dc gsit, dci sc orcdc o su`t msou`sc,jm vcdcrc. Ti`crc, suhmrhfromtc pc strmd, hu`oitlri ihigrm`i pc ohpuri, ar s `cdh scmhm, putch s `c uith onimr jm viotihcjc trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c, pcrslm`c omrc `umu mjcs mocst stij dc vim. @u `uhmi o `u prihcso olhpc`smii ai`m`oimrc pc`tru calrturijcdcpusc, dmr su`t supusc jm lrc dc mfuz ldmt `tlmrsc jm jlouj dc dlhioijiu, smu trmtmtc om iorihi`mji onimr dc otrc pcrslm`cjc omrc mr trcfui s jc mpcrc.

Dcsclri, `ioi onimrlrgm`cjc jcgmjc `u rcou`lso viotihcjc trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c.Dmo pljiimamoc u` rmid `tr-u` flrdcj, sprc cxchpju, prlstitumtcjc vlr ai kudcomtc pc`tru prlstituic, ` tihp oc trmaiom`tuj cstc jifcr. Dc mschc`cm, cxist plsifijitmtcm om pljiim s `uou`lso oc `trcfri s pu` pc`tru m dctcrhi`m dmo mocjc pcrslm`c juorcmzhpltrivmvli`ci jlr. Fm hmi hujt, viotihcjc sc plt tchc dc rcprcsmjiijc mdusc amhijiijlr jlr dmo vlrollpcrm ou pljiim. ` mocstc oirouhstm`c, viotihcjc `u vlr olhu`iom, imr oiojuj vm ol`ti`um.` pjus, u`cjc viotihc prlvi` di`ri u`dc trmaiom`i hituicso lrgm`cjc jcgmjc pc`tru m `onidc

lonii ` amm ac`lhc`ujui. Cstihmrcm dihc`siu`ii trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c `u vm ai `ioildmt l prlfjchmtio

ulmrc5 jm urhm urhci, dmo laioimjii mr ti u`dc su`t i`ui sojmvii, s-i `uhcrc, mtu`oi mr putcmtcrhi `m rccjcjc dc trmaiomrc i mr putcm cjifcrm prizl`icrii.

Dci `u sc pu`c prlfjchm `cocsitii lpririi mocstui ac`lhc`, disouiijc su`t `oi`sc pctchm mhpjlrii mocstui ac`lhc`. Rltrivit Dcpmrtmhc`tujui dc _tmt Mhcriom`, ` 62=2 mu alst

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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trmaiomi =6.? hijilm`c dc mduji i olpii, dlmr ` _.S.M.63 Ou tlmtc mocstcm, ` m`uj prcocdc`tauscscr dlmr 4.=11 dc ol`dmh`ri pc`tru mocmst orih.

` prczc`t, Vlh`im cstc l mr surs i dc trm`zit, dmr plmtc dcvc`i i l mr dcdcsti`mic pc`tru viotihcjc trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c, hltiv pc`tru omrc prcvc`ircm i olhfmtcrcmmocstui tip dc i`armoil`mjitmtc trcfuic s rh` l prilritmtc m struoturijlr dc mpjiomrc m jcgiDci ` m`uj 6229 mu alst dcsaurmtc motiviti spcoiaioc dc i`vcstigmrc `tr -u` `uhr dc pcstc922 dc omzuri, i mu alst idc`tiaiomtc mprlxihmtiv >22 dc viotihc, trmaiouj dc aii`c uhm`crcprczi`t l prilritmtc i pc`tru mrm `lmstr, jm mocjmi `ivcj dc ihplrtm` `rcgistrmt dcmocmst prlfjch ` tlmtc stmtcjc S`iu`ii Curlpc`c.

_itumim mutlntl` m mocstui ac`lhc` m alst mtc`t m`mjizmt dc Hmrim` Rrcdm ` rmplrtsu Visouri i i`coniti sloimjc ` Vlh`im . Mstacj, mocstm ol`ojuzil`m o Ol`alrh M@ITR,` 622> pcstc kuhtmtc (3>%) di` `uhruj viotihcjlr trmaioujui mu prlvc`it di` zcoc kudcc;Tcjclrhm` (7= viotihc), Dljk (31), Imjlhim (32), Hurc (47), Imi (41), Ol`stm`m (46), Ljt(?1), Frijm (?3), Ojrmi (?6), Qmsjui (63). ` ujtihuj tihp, ` Vlh`im pmrc m sc rcduoc`uhruj viotihcjlr trmaiomtc i cxpjlmtmtc scxumj dmr orctc `uhruj pcrslm`cjlr mdujtctrmaiomtc ` solpuj cxpjlmtrii pri` hu`o alrmt ` ol`diii ijcgmjc (cx. Grcoim), m ocrctlric(Itmjim, Arm`m) si pc`tru olhitcrcm u`lr i`armoiu`i. Dc mschc`cm, orctc `uhrujui dc viotihctrmaiomtc ` Vlh`im. @uhruj octc`ijlr stri`i trmaiomi ` Vlh`im cstc almrtc rcdus, aii`d

str`s msloimt ou grmduj dc dczvljtmrc col`lhio mj Vlh`ici.61 Dcsigur, `uhruj dc viotihc cstc ircjcvm`t, i trcfuic moil`mt ar czitmrc ` crcdiomrcm

ac`lhc`ujui, `s diacrc`m prczc`t pc `trcg hmpmhl`duj `trc `uhruj vcnioujmt dc omzurii `uhruj dc omzuri sljuil`mtc pu`c suf sch`uj `trcfrii calrturijc aoutc dc mutlriti pc`tru gsircm viotihcjlr trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c, smu onimr dmo cxist mtt dc hujt viotihc.

O`d vi`c vlrfm dc mocst suficot, Lrgm`izmim @miu`ijlr S`itc pu`c mooc`tuj pc prcvc`irc, mouzmrc i prltcoic. L.@.S. cstc dc molrd o p` ` hlhc`tuj ` omrc trmaiom`ii

vlr rcmjizm o cxist ol`scoii`c pcrioujlmsc pc`tru moiu`ijc jlr, vlr ol`ti`um s amo pmrtc di`mocst ac`lhc`.

Rrcvc`ircm cstc prlfmfij ocj hmi grcu hu`tc dc ouocrit. Dci grupurijc dc msistc` iguvcr`cjc mu dcsaurmt `uhcrlmsc omhpm`ii dc ol`tic`tizmrc, hujt hmi hujtc moiu`i su`t`cocsmrc. _-m ridiomt onimr prlfjchm plsifijitii crmdiorii trmaioujui dc aii`c uhm`c, p` jmcjihi`mrcm sroici pc gjlf5 ar cjihi`mrcm prlfjchcjlr oc stmu drcpt au`dmhc`tchltivmil`mjc pc`tru pcrslm`cjc dispusc s sc cxpu` risoujui, trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c vm

63 nttp;//www.stmtc.glv/k/tip/rjs/tiprpt/62=2/i`dcx.nth61 Hmrim` Rrcdm, Visouri i i`coniti sloimjc ` Vlh`im , pmg. 6?>

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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ol`ti`um s aic l rcmjitmtc sloimj. Amptuj o `u cxist rspu`suri ulmrc cstc arustrm`t mtt pc`tru mtlriti, ot i pc`tru octc`i.

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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Ompitljuj 3. Trmaiouj dc pcrslm`c ` Vlh`im

Hujtc di` rijc cst-curlpc`c prcouh Vlh`im sc zfmt `o di` pu`ot dc vcdcrccol`lhio, ` spcoimj ldmt ou icircm di` olhu`ish. Vmtm lhmkujui cstc ridiomt imr ti`crijlrjc su`t lacritc pui`c lplrtu`iti ldmt icii dc pc f`oijc oljii. ` ocj hmi fu` omz, prictc`ii,rudcjc jlr gscso jlouri dc hu`o fu`c ` mjtc ri i jc trihit fm`i. Dmo ti`crii su`t mflrdmi` vcdcrcm u`ui klf pjmuzifij i i`tcrcsm`t, omptmrcm mtc`ici mocstlrm cstc ihcdimt.

Trmaiom`tuj vi`c `tltdcmu`m `slit dc l prlhisiu`c. Mocstm plmtc lacri jlouri dchu`o ` stri`tmtc om lsptmrc, smu u` jlo dc hu`o ` stmaa -uj u`ui nltcj, smu `grikitlri pc`tru ftr`i. Dclmrcoc huji rlh`i mu mstacj dc jlouri dc hu`o ` Itmjim, _pm`im i ` mjtcri, orcdifijitmtcm lacrtci cstc gmrm`tmt.

Ldmt trcoutc grm`im viotihcjc, smu pur i sihpju ldmt hutmtc `tr -u` jlo `cou`lsout,mocstcm su`t v`dutc pc`tru hu`o, ocrctlric smu prlstituic, Ti`crcjc achci mku`g shu`ocmso ` ojufuri dc `lmptc smu flrdcjuri. Frfmii su`t v`dui ` hu`o dc ol`struoicsmu acrhicr `cpjtit. Olpiii i mdujii su`t lfjigmi s aurc smu s ocrcmso, imr otigusu`t lacritc trmaiom`ijlr. _istchuj dc lpcrmrc cstc dircoil`mt dc trmaiom`t.

L sonhmtio lpcrmil`mj msistchujui dc trmaiomrc mr ol`i`c; Vcorutlrii; oci oc v`d ijuziijc, `cmj, armudcmz, i mfuzcmz dc `orcdcrcm

lmhc`ijlr5 Trm`splrtmtlrii;oci rcspl`smfiji dc trm`splrt i trcocrcm grm`icjlr5 Amjsiaiomtlrii; oci rcspl`smfiji dc amjsiaiomrcm fujcti`cjlr dc idc`titmtc i dlouhc`tcjlr

dc ojtlric prcouh pmmplmrtc5 _uprmvcgnctlrii;oci rcspl`smfiji ou suprmvcgncrcm viotihcjlr pc`tru m cvitm cvmdmrcm

mocstlrm5 Mdhi`istrmim; oci omrc hm`mgcrimz i ol`trljcmz ojufurijc dc `lmptc, flrdcjurijc,

acrhcjc cto. Ouricrii; oci omrc trm`splrt fm`ii5 Oci oc spmj fm`ii.

Om sistch dc lpcrmrc, grupurijc dc trmaio dc pcrslm`c `u juorcmz ` sistch pirmhidmjdircot. Hldus lpcrm`di mj rccjcjlr dc trmaio dc pcrslm`c au`oil`cmz ` grupuri ocjujmrc,mstacj `ot jm idc`tiaiomrcmi mrcstmrcm hchfrijlr u`ci ocjujc, lrgm`ishuj trmaiom`t ` si`c vm

ol`ti`um s au`oil`czc.

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?7

_roim `u cstc si`guruj amotlr ompmfij s dispu` pcrslm`cjc ` m moocptm lacrtcrisom`tc. Trmaiom`ii frfmi idc`tiaio actc omrc sc siht jsmtc pc di`mamr,`cmprcoimtc smu`ciufitc, stmfijcso l rcjmic ou cjc, dup omrc jc ocr s sc prlstituczc pc`tru m-j sopm pc cj dc prlfjchcjc ai`m`oimrc. ` mocst omz, amtm cstc trmtmt aruhls, mrc hmi hujt jifcrtmtc i cst prltckmt dc ojic`ii viljc`i, dmr fm`ii otigmi trcfuic prcdmi prictc`ujui.

S` cxchpju ol`orct mr ai l amt dc =1 m`i, orcim pri`ii`u imuspus `ioildmt, cti fu`, cti aruhlms , cti dctcmpt. Trmaiom`tuj l trmtcmz aruhls i i spu`c; Cti mm dc fu`. Ojic`ii dc mdlr.

` mjtc omzuri, trmaiom`ii rcorutcmz actc ou u` sistch dc susi`crc hmi putcr`io,otig`d `orcdcrcm amhijiijlr. _tmfijcso l rcjmic tihp dc =-6 ju`i. I`dividuj vizitcmzol`stm`t amhijiijc. Amoc mocst juoru ou ?-4 actc sihujtm`. Trmaiom`ii lacr olpiijlr strzii,lhcrijlr i mjtlr pcrslm`c jlouri dc hu`o, hiz`d pc amptuj o mocstcm vlr stihujmviotihcjc.

Hii dc rlh`i chigrcmz ` Itmjim spcr`d s gscmso jlouri dc hu`o dcoc`tc. Dmr,dclmrcoc prlstituim c jcgmj ` Itmjim, cxist l plsifijitmtc om, ` omzuj ` omrc klfuj `u scdlvcdctc m ai l mjcgcrc fu`, achcijc ` dispcrmrc ai`m`oimr vlr mpcjm jm mocmst mjtcr`mtiHujtc prlstitumtc di` kuruj Vlhci, sprc cxchpju, su`t rlh`oc. @u tlmtc mu alst trmaiomtc, dmrol`alrh u`ui studiu Omritms Itmjim di` 622>, ==% di` viotihcjc trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c dc Itmjim

su`t dc lrigi`c rlh` mj dlijcm grup om `mil`mjitmtc di` stmtistio. Cxist i lpusuj situmici,octc`i itmjic` sc dcpjmscmz ` Vlh`im pc`tru m prlourm scrvioii scxumjc, dmtlrit prcujrcdus.

Vlh`im cstc l mr surs, dc trm`zit i dc dcsti`mic, mtt pc`tru achci, ot i pc`truolpii i frfmi, supui hu`oii alrmtc i trmaioujui scxumj. Vlh`ii rcprczi`t l sursihplrtm`t m trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c ` Curlpm.

Frfmii, achcijc i olpiii rlh`i su`t supui hu`oii alrmtc ` mgrioujtur, scrvitudi`ii

dlhcstioc, scrvitudi`ii nltcjicrc i ` amfrioi, prcouh i ocrit i aurturi ` mjtc ri curlpc`c,i`ojusiv Mustrim, Oipru, Ocnim, Dm`chmrom, Arm`m, Gcrhm`im, Grcoim, Itmjim, Jitum`im, Ljm @lrvcgim, Rljl`im, _jlvmoim, _jlvc im, _pm`im, _ucdim, Cjvcim smu Hmrcm Fritm`ic.67

Frfmi, achci i olpii dc prlvc`ic` rlh` dcvi` viotihc mjc prlstituic ` hujtipjcri curlpc`c, i`ojusiv Fcjgim, Oipru, Ai`jm`dm, Arm`m, Gcrhm`im, Grcoim, S`gmrim, HmjtLjm`dm, Rlrtugmjim, _jlvc`im, _pm`im, _ucdim, Cjvcim cto.6>

67 Mgc`im @mil`mj hpltrivm Trmaioujui dc Rcrslm`c, Vmplrt privi`d situmim trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c ` m`uj62=6, 62=?

6> Ifidch

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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Olpiii rcprczi`t mprlxihmtiv l trcihc di` viotihcjc rlh `cti mjc trmaioujui dc aii`cuhm`c. Trmaiom`ii omrc rcorutcmz i cxpjlmtcmz octc`ii rlh`i su`t ` hmrc pmrtdcmschc`cm rlh`i, omrc sc lric`tcmz sprc viotihc di` mocjmi grup ct`io smu di` omdruj prlpriijlr amhijii. Arcovc`t, trmaiom`ii cxpjlmtcmz viotihc ` spmiuj rii, `mi`tc dc m trm`splrtm pcstc grm`i ` diacritc oljuri mrc Curlpci.

Vlh`im motivcmz om mr dc dcsti`mic pc`tru viotihc stri`c, i`ojusivc viotihc mjctrmaioujui dc pcrslm`c ou solpuj olhcrujui scxumj di` Hljdlvm i trmaio dc alr dc hu`o di`Fm`gjmdcsn i _crfim.69

Idc`tiaiomrcm mhpj m viotihcjlr cstc u` prlocs ol`ti`uu, imr hcom`ishuj `mil`mj motiv` pljiic pc`tru m trihitc viotihcjc otrc scrvioii dc `grikirc pltrivitc cstc au`oil`mj. Ou tlmtcmocstcm, guvcr`uj `u msigur ai`m`mrc Lrgm`izmiijlr @l`-Guvcr`mhc`tmjc omrc msigurmsistc` viotihcjlr trmaiomtc i `u lacr mdplsturi spcoimjizmtc ` Fuourcti pc`tru mduji pc`tru olpii. @uhruj ol`dmh`rijlr i omzurijlr i`vcstigmtc orctc m`umj, imr hmklritmtcm prijlr ihpjiomtc prihcso ol`dmh`ri ou `onislmrcm. Guvcr`uj Vlh`ici mrc jm motiv `s lscric dc omhpm`ii dc ol`tic`tizmrc.

Vcstmurmrcm ai`m`rii guvcr`mhc`tmjc pc`tru prlgrmhcjc dc msistc` m viotihcjlrtrmaiorii, i`ojusiv grm`turi otrc L@G-uri omrc lacr scrvioii viotihcjlr pmrc m ai u` pmsihplrtm`t. hfu`tircm scrvioiijlr dircoil`mtc otrc viotihc, scrvioii dc ol`sijicrc,

mdplsturi pc`tru viotihc rcpmtrimtc, `jturmrcm rcstrioiijlr dircoil`mtc otrc hlfijitmtcmviotihcjlr ot tih p sc maj ` mdplsturi (ou cxocpim hltivcjlr dc scouritmtc), hfu`tircmcalrturijlr dc m idc`tiaiom viotihc pltc`imjc ` r`duj plpujmici vuj`crmfijc (prcouhihigrm`ii ijcgmji, hu`oitlrii stri`i, plpujmim rlh, olpii ihpjiomi ` ocrit smu prlstituicsu`t mjtc mspcotc omrc plt ai hfu`titc.

I`vcstigmrcm vigurlms i moiu`i dc ol`dmh`mrc m moiu`ijlr jcgmtc dc trmaiomrc prcoui olhpjioitmtcm jm mocstc motiviti, onimr dc otrc laioimji guvcr`mhc`tmji s duo jm ridiomrcm

ihu`itii i dispu`crcm dc hsuri pu`itivc ou privmrc dc jifcrtmtc. hfu`tircm rmplrtrii i`alrhmiijlr rcacritlmrc jm urhririjc pc`mjc jcgmtc dc trmaiou

dc pcrslm`c, ol`alrh jcgii 17>/622= i mjtc jcgi rcjcvm`tc. Trcfuic jumt ` ol`sidcrmrclacrircm drcptujui dc hu`o viotihcjlr trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c pc durmt rczidc`ci tchplrmrc.Trcfuic ol`ti`umt prlgrmhuj dc sc`sifijizmrc m pljiic i kudcotlrijlr am dc viotihcjctrmaioujui dc pcrslm`c i stmfijircm u`ui rmplrt `mil`mj pc`tru m msigurm cvmjurijci`dcpc`dc`tc m jcgisjmici `mil`mjc.?2

69 Ifidch?2 Ifidch

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Oljmtu Jidim Ajlri`cjm Trmaiouj dc Aii`c Shm`c Hctldc i Rrmotioi dc I`tcrvc`ic

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`ivcjuj dc msistc` displ`ifij di` pmrtcm L@G-urijlr. _c ol`ti`u lpcrmrcm sistchujui`mil`mj dc idc`tiaiomrc m viotihcjlr, omrc msigur prlocduri alrhmjc pc`tru viotihc, pc`trui`stituii jcgmjc i mjtc i`stituii mjc stmtujui. ` 62=6, ?36 dc viotihc mu alst trihisc otrcmsistc` ` i`stituii dc `grikirc.?4

` 62==, 4=7 viotihc mu prihit scrvioii ai`m`mtc guvcr`mhc`tmj. ` 62=6, mdplsturijcai`m`mtc i lpcrmtc guvcr`mhc`tmj mu msigurmt mdplstircm m ==6 viotihc mjc trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c. L@G-urijc mu rcojmhmt amptuj o jipsm dc jifcrtmtc cstc l prlfjch oritio m mocstlrmdplsturi. ` au`oic dc situmic, viotihcjc mu prihit scrvioii psinljlgioc, rci`tcgrmrc oljmr, prcgtirc, ol`sijicrc jcgmj i `grikirc hcdiomj.?3

Rc pmroursuj m`ujui, u`cjc di` ol`sijicrijc psinljlgioc ai`m`mtc dc stmt `u mu alstmdmptmtc ol`stm`t ol`alrh `cvlijlr viotihcjlr trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c. @u cxist u` mdplstspcoiaio trmaioujui dc pcrslm`c pc`tru viotihcjc mdujtc, `Fuourcti. Ocjc msc oc`trc dc trm`zith